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summarization | [
{
"content": "The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.\n\nThe 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that \"the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality), while the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum level of HDI) that could be achieved if there were no inequality.\"\n\nThe index is based on the human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul Haq, anchored in Amartya Sen's work on human capabilities, and often framed in terms of whether people are able to \"be\" and \"do\" desirable things in life. Examples include – being: well fed, sheltered, and healthy; doing: work, education, voting, participating in community life. The freedom of choice is central – someone choosing to be hungry (e.g. when fasting for religious reasons) is quite different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because the country is in a famine.\n\nThe index does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others. Please give a bulleted list of what incorporates the Human Development Index",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of the following metrics for a country:\n1. life expectancy of the population\n2. education (years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system)\n3. per capita income indicators",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.
The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality), while the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum level of HDI) that could be achieved if there were no inequality."
The index is based on the human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul Haq, anchored in Amartya Sen's work on human capabilities, and often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in life. Examples include – being: well fed, sheltered, and healthy; doing: work, education, voting, participating in community life. The freedom of choice is central – someone choosing to be hungry (e.g. when fasting for religious reasons) is quite different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because the country is in a famine.
The index does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others. Please give a bulleted list of what incorporates the Human Development Index |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the most popular female dog name",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "bella",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the most popular female dog name |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name some rap albums that were released in 2022.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some rap albums that were released in 2022 include:\n\n- The Forever Story by J.I.D.\n- Melt My Eyez See Your Future by Denzel Curry\n- King's Disease III by Nas\n- Her Loss by Drake\n- Mr. Morale and the Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name some rap albums that were released in 2022. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who are the longest running cast members on Saturday Night Live?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The longest running cast member on Saturday Night Live is Kenan Thompson. Kenan Thompson has starred in 20 seasons. Next, Darrel Hammon starred in 14 seasons. Seth Meyers appeared in 13 seasons.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who are the longest running cast members on Saturday Night Live? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Barcelona is one of three founding members of the top division that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first Spanish football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, by also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup, and FIFA Club World Cup. Extract all the football competitions mentioned in the passage and present them using bullet points.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- La Liga\n- Copa del Rey\n- UEFA Champions League\n- Spanish Super Cup\n- UEFA Super Cup\n- FIFA Club World Cup",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Barcelona is one of three founding members of the top division that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first Spanish football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, by also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup, and FIFA Club World Cup. Extract all the football competitions mentioned in the passage and present them using bullet points. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The name Rozelle and Rozelle Bay (often shown as \"Rozella Bay\" on old maps), originated from the parrots found in abundance at Rose Hill (near Parramatta) the first suburb of Sydney, established as a prime farming area for the new colony. The parrots, also in abundance in the inner west Bay area of Sydney, were commonly called \"Rose Hill parrots\" or \"Rose-hillers\" then Rosella. Where does the suburb of Rozelle's name come from?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The name Rozelle originated from the parrots found in abundance at Rose Hill the first suburb of Sydney. The parrots, also in abundance in the inner west Bay area of Sydney, were commonly called \"Rose Hill parrots\" or \"Rose-hillers\" then Rosella",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The name Rozelle and Rozelle Bay (often shown as "Rozella Bay" on old maps), originated from the parrots found in abundance at Rose Hill (near Parramatta) the first suburb of Sydney, established as a prime farming area for the new colony. The parrots, also in abundance in the inner west Bay area of Sydney, were commonly called "Rose Hill parrots" or "Rose-hillers" then Rosella. Where does the suburb of Rozelle's name come from? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Is rule 606 good for the industry",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes, overall create consistent accounting rules regardless of business or revenue model",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is rule 606 good for the industry |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "where is India?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "India a country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. Its capital is New Delhi, built in the 20th century just south of the historic hub of Old Delhi to serve as India’s administrative centre.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| where is India? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best way to teach your kids how to read?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The best way to teach your kids how to read is to put them in school. You will also want to spend 20 minutes a day reading with them in the morning or 30 minutes before bed to augment and solidify what they learn at school. Teach your kids how to spell, sentence punctuation, sentence intonation, and how to sound out words they do not know. After reading ask questions about what was read to make sure your child understood what was read. Ask them inference type questions, and questions directly related to what happened in the story.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best way to teach your kids how to read? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why was the model T only produced in black?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Henry Ford produced the model T only in black because the black paint available at the time was the fastest to dry.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why was the model T only produced in black? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of these colors are primary colors: Red, Yellow, Blue, Orange, Green, Violet.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are three primary colors which are Red, Yellow, and Blue.\nThe three secondary colors are Orange, Green, and Violet.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of these colors are primary colors: Red, Yellow, Blue, Orange, Green, Violet. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Most major religious denominations are present in Singapore, with the Inter-Religious Organisation, Singapore (IRO) recognising 10 major religions in the city state. A 2014 analysis by the Pew Research Center found Singapore to be the world's most religiously diverse nation.\n\nReligion in Singapore, 2020\nReligion\t\tPercent\nBuddhism\t\n \n31.1%\nNo religion\t\n \n20.0%\nChristianity\t\n \n18.9%\nIslam\t\n \n15.6%\nTaoism and folk religion\t\n \n8.8%\nHinduism\t\n \n5.0%\nOther religions\t\n \n0.6%\nBuddhism is the most widely practised religion in Singapore: 31% of the resident population declared themselves adherents at the most recent census. The next-most practised religion is Christianity, followed by Islam, Taoism, and Hinduism. 20% of the population did not have a religious affiliation. The proportion of Christians, Taoists, and non-religious people increased between 2000 and 2010 by about 3 percentage points each, while the proportion of Buddhists decreased. Other faiths remained largely stable in their share of the population.\n\nThere are monasteries and Dharma centres from all three major traditions of Buddhism in Singapore: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Most Buddhists in Singapore are Chinese and are of the Mahayana tradition, missionaries having come into the country from China for several decades. However, Thailand's Theravada Buddhism has seen growing popularity among the populace (not only the Chinese) during the past decade. The religion of Soka Gakkai International, a Japanese Buddhist organisation, is practised by many people in Singapore, and mostly by those of Chinese descent. Tibetan Buddhism has also made slow inroads into the country in recent years. What are the top 2 most practiced religions in Singapore?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most widely practiced religions in Singapore are: Buddhism and Christianity at 31% and 20% respectively. However, 20% of the population did not have a religious affiliation.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Most major religious denominations are present in Singapore, with the Inter-Religious Organisation, Singapore (IRO) recognising 10 major religions in the city state. A 2014 analysis by the Pew Research Center found Singapore to be the world's most religiously diverse nation.
Religion in Singapore, 2020
Religion Percent
Buddhism
31.1%
No religion
20.0%
Christianity
18.9%
Islam
15.6%
Taoism and folk religion
8.8%
Hinduism
5.0%
Other religions
0.6%
Buddhism is the most widely practised religion in Singapore: 31% of the resident population declared themselves adherents at the most recent census. The next-most practised religion is Christianity, followed by Islam, Taoism, and Hinduism. 20% of the population did not have a religious affiliation. The proportion of Christians, Taoists, and non-religious people increased between 2000 and 2010 by about 3 percentage points each, while the proportion of Buddhists decreased. Other faiths remained largely stable in their share of the population.
There are monasteries and Dharma centres from all three major traditions of Buddhism in Singapore: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Most Buddhists in Singapore are Chinese and are of the Mahayana tradition, missionaries having come into the country from China for several decades. However, Thailand's Theravada Buddhism has seen growing popularity among the populace (not only the Chinese) during the past decade. The religion of Soka Gakkai International, a Japanese Buddhist organisation, is practised by many people in Singapore, and mostly by those of Chinese descent. Tibetan Buddhism has also made slow inroads into the country in recent years. What are the top 2 most practiced religions in Singapore? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How is chocolate made?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Chocolate is made first by hand sorting cacao beans, next the beans are roasted in an oven, next you crack and winnow the cacoa beans to separate the nibs from the husks, next cacao butter is extracted from the beans, next the left over part of the bean is crushed and grinded into a silky smooth texture, next the chocolate is hand poured and left to cool into chocolate bars.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How is chocolate made? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are some people vegetarian?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many reasons for being vegetarian. Some religions prohibit eating meat. Other people prefer not eat meat because they consider it immoral. The environmental impact of the meat industry has convinced other groups of people to stop eating meat to reduce their carbon footprint. Lastly, some people simply do not enjoy the taste of meat, or find it too expensive to purchase.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are some people vegetarian? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Is a life without meaning, a life of pessimism?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The idea of meaninglessness and absurdity of life was widely explored by many scholars, one being Albert Camus.\nIn accordance with his philosophical theory of absurdism the universe’s irrationality and randomness indicates that it does not posses a specific purpose. Therefore, one should abandon the search for meaning and embrace the absurdity of life. According to Camus, the lack of meaning in our existence is not negative, simply neutral. Without innate meaning, one is free to do with their life as they wish so the notion of a meaningless life isn’t objectively a useless life, nor is it a negative one.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is a life without meaning, a life of pessimism? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What dog breed is a mix between a Cocker Spaniel and a Poodle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cockapoo",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What dog breed is a mix between a Cocker Spaniel and a Poodle? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Tell me the mascots for the Generation 2 Pokemon games",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The mascots for the Generation 2 Pokemon games are Lugia, Ho-oh and Suicune",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me the mascots for the Generation 2 Pokemon games |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do UK telephone numbers work?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The UK telephone numbering system has a strange and complicated pattern which is born out of many historical changes and anomalies. Essentially nearly all numbers start with 0 when dialled in the UK. The leading 0 is omitted when calling from overseas and the prefix \"+44\" is added in its place. The second digit indicates what type of number it is. So called geographic numbers (those associated with an area code) start with 01or 02. Numbers starting with 03 are not associated with any area code but are charged at the same rates as numbers beginning with 01 or 02. Mobile numbers always start with 07. Numbers starting 09 are premium rate numbers which incur high charges for providing additional services. Numbers starting with 080 are toll free. Other numbers starting with 08 are charged at special rates but not the very high rates for 09 numbers.\n\nSpecial numbers that do not start with 0 include 999 and 112 for emergencies, 101 for non emergency Police matters, 111 for contacting the National Health Service in a non emergency and directory enquiries services that start with 118.\n\nThe history of UK area codes (beginning 01 and 02) dates back to the times when individual telephone exchanges had their own one, two or three character Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD) codes (e.g. B for Birmingham or AY6 for Aylesbury). in 1966 STD codes were converted to numbers using the number patterns on telephone dials (where 2=ABC, 3 = DEF etc.) so Birmingham became 021, Aylesbury became 0296. 01 was the code allocated to London. Area codes were between 2 and five characters long including the leading zero. Following the area code a local number of between 3 and 7 digits was added for each line to make the complete number either 9 or 10 digits long. Callers within the same area code could dial other lines with the same code by simply dialling the local number omitting the area code. In 1968 area codes beginning 00 were moved to free up 00 for other uses.\n\nBy the 1980s a number of factors meant that some areas, especially London, were running out of codes. Various measures were introduced including, in 1990, the splitting of London into 071 (inner London) and 081 (outer London).\n\nThe 80s and 90s also saw the gradual introduction of \"non geographic\" numbers e.g. the toll free 0800 numbers and a number of patterns for emerging mobile services. Premium rate services were also launched using 0898.\n\nIn 1995 on so called \"phONEday\" a leading 1 was added after the zero. London numbers became either 0171 or 0181, Birmingham 0121, Aylesbury 01296 etc.\n\nThis established the pattern we see today allowing for some area codes to move to \"02\" codes over the next few years. In addition larger cities were allocated new codes beginning 011 e.g. 0113 for Leeds, 0117 for Bristol.\n\nIn 2000 the \"big number change\" saw London codes changed yet again = 0171 became 020 7 and 0181 became 020 8 allowing for new London numbers to be issued starting with 020 3 and 020 4 . Other cities that gained \"02\" style codes were Southampton/Portsmouth 023 , Coventry 024 and Cardiff 029. A unified code of 028 was introduced in Northern Ireland.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do UK telephone numbers work? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Bruce Nodwell, OC (May 12, 1914 – January 20, 2006) was a Canadian inventor who invented the Nodwell 110, a multi-purpose two-tracked vehicle capable of traversing a wide variety of adverse terrain, including sand, mud, muskeg, swamp, and snow.\n\nIn 1970, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honor, \"for his contribution to the opening of the Canadian North through his inventions and development of various types of tracked vehicles\". A mountain in Antarctica \"Nodwell Peaks\" and a lake in NWT bear his name. Based on the reference text about Bruce Nodwell, what did he create?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bruce Nodwell invented the Nodwell 110, a two-tracked vehicle capable of traversing a wide variety of terrain.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Bruce Nodwell, OC (May 12, 1914 – January 20, 2006) was a Canadian inventor who invented the Nodwell 110, a multi-purpose two-tracked vehicle capable of traversing a wide variety of adverse terrain, including sand, mud, muskeg, swamp, and snow.
In 1970, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honor, "for his contribution to the opening of the Canadian North through his inventions and development of various types of tracked vehicles". A mountain in Antarctica "Nodwell Peaks" and a lake in NWT bear his name. Based on the reference text about Bruce Nodwell, what did he create? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "StarCraft is a real-time strategy video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment for Microsoft Windows. The first installment of the video game series of the same name, it was released in 1998. A Classic Mac OS version was released in 1999, and a Nintendo 64 port co-developed with Mass Media and published by Nintendo was released in 2000.\n\nBlizzard started work on the game shortly after Warcraft II, another real-time strategy game, was released in 1995. The first incarnation debuted at the 1996 Electronic Entertainment Expo, where it was unfavorably compared to Warcraft II. As a result, the project was entirely overhauled before being showcased to the public in early 1997, at which time it received a far more positive response. The game's multiplayer is particularly popular in South Korea, where players and teams participate in professional competitions, earn sponsorships, and compete in televised tournaments.\n\nSet in a fictitious future timeline during the 25th century AD in a distant part of the Milky Way galaxy known as the Koprulu Sector, the game revolves around three intelligent species fighting for dominance: the Terrans are humans exiled from Earth who are now skilled at adapting to any situation; the Zerg are a race of insectoid aliens in pursuit of genetic perfection and obsessed with assimilating other races; the Protoss are a humanoid species with advanced technology and psionic abilities who are attempting to preserve their civilization and strict philosophy about their way of life from the Zerg.\n\nMany journalists of the video game industry have praised StarCraft as one of the most important, and one of the greatest video games of all time. The game is also said to have raised the bar for developing real-time strategy (RTS) games. With more than 11 million copies sold worldwide by February 2009, StarCraft became one of the best-selling games for the personal computer. It has been praised for pioneering the use of unique factions in RTS gameplay, and for having a compelling story.\n\nStarCraft has had its storyline adapted and expanded through a series of novels published between 2000 and 2016, the expansion pack StarCraft: Brood War, and two officially authorized add-ons, Insurrection and Retribution. A sequel, StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty, was released in July 2010, along with two expansion packs and a campaign pack between 2013 and 2016, while a remastered edition of the original and its expansion pack was released in August 2017. The original game, along with the expansion, was released for free in April 2017. Tell me about StarCraft.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "StarCraft is a Real Time Strategy game released in 1998 by Blizzard Entertainment. It is widely considered one of the greatest video games of all time. The story is set in the 25th century and features three races struggling for power: Terran, Zerg, and Protoss. There have been one sequel and multiple expansions. The multiplayer mode was very popular, spawning professional competitions.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| StarCraft is a real-time strategy video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment for Microsoft Windows. The first installment of the video game series of the same name, it was released in 1998. A Classic Mac OS version was released in 1999, and a Nintendo 64 port co-developed with Mass Media and published by Nintendo was released in 2000.
Blizzard started work on the game shortly after Warcraft II, another real-time strategy game, was released in 1995. The first incarnation debuted at the 1996 Electronic Entertainment Expo, where it was unfavorably compared to Warcraft II. As a result, the project was entirely overhauled before being showcased to the public in early 1997, at which time it received a far more positive response. The game's multiplayer is particularly popular in South Korea, where players and teams participate in professional competitions, earn sponsorships, and compete in televised tournaments.
Set in a fictitious future timeline during the 25th century AD in a distant part of the Milky Way galaxy known as the Koprulu Sector, the game revolves around three intelligent species fighting for dominance: the Terrans are humans exiled from Earth who are now skilled at adapting to any situation; the Zerg are a race of insectoid aliens in pursuit of genetic perfection and obsessed with assimilating other races; the Protoss are a humanoid species with advanced technology and psionic abilities who are attempting to preserve their civilization and strict philosophy about their way of life from the Zerg.
Many journalists of the video game industry have praised StarCraft as one of the most important, and one of the greatest video games of all time. The game is also said to have raised the bar for developing real-time strategy (RTS) games. With more than 11 million copies sold worldwide by February 2009, StarCraft became one of the best-selling games for the personal computer. It has been praised for pioneering the use of unique factions in RTS gameplay, and for having a compelling story.
StarCraft has had its storyline adapted and expanded through a series of novels published between 2000 and 2016, the expansion pack StarCraft: Brood War, and two officially authorized add-ons, Insurrection and Retribution. A sequel, StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty, was released in July 2010, along with two expansion packs and a campaign pack between 2013 and 2016, while a remastered edition of the original and its expansion pack was released in August 2017. The original game, along with the expansion, was released for free in April 2017. Tell me about StarCraft. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Tendulkar is cross-dominant: he bats, bowls and throws with his right hand, but writes with his left hand. He also practices left-handed throws at the nets on a regular basis. Cricinfo columnist Sambit Bal has described him as the \"most wholesome batsman of his time\". His batting is based on complete balance and poise while limiting unnecessary movements and flourishes. He appears to show little preference for the slow and low wickets which are typical in India, and has scored many centuries on the hard, bouncy pitches in South Africa and Australia. He is known for his unique punch style of hitting the ball over square. He is also renowned for his picture-perfect straight drive, often completed with no follow-through. The straight drive is often said to be his favourite shot. In 2008, Sunil Gavaskar, in an article he wrote in the AFP, remarked that \"it is hard to imagine any player in the history of the game who combines classical technique with raw aggression like the little champion does\". Equipment-wise, his bats tend to be heavier than the average batman. Pleaese give me a short list of the main characteristics of cricketer Sachin Tendulkar's playing style.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cross-dominant\nBatting with balance, unnecessary movements are limited\nUnique punch style of hitting the ball over square\nTextbook straight drive, often with no follow-through\nHis bat is heavier than the average batsman's bat",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tendulkar is cross-dominant: he bats, bowls and throws with his right hand, but writes with his left hand. He also practices left-handed throws at the nets on a regular basis. Cricinfo columnist Sambit Bal has described him as the "most wholesome batsman of his time". His batting is based on complete balance and poise while limiting unnecessary movements and flourishes. He appears to show little preference for the slow and low wickets which are typical in India, and has scored many centuries on the hard, bouncy pitches in South Africa and Australia. He is known for his unique punch style of hitting the ball over square. He is also renowned for his picture-perfect straight drive, often completed with no follow-through. The straight drive is often said to be his favourite shot. In 2008, Sunil Gavaskar, in an article he wrote in the AFP, remarked that "it is hard to imagine any player in the history of the game who combines classical technique with raw aggression like the little champion does". Equipment-wise, his bats tend to be heavier than the average batman. Pleaese give me a short list of the main characteristics of cricketer Sachin Tendulkar's playing style. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the rival American Football League (AFL), the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970 Given this paragraph about the NFL, in what year was the Super Bowl first held?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1967",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the rival American Football League (AFL), the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970 Given this paragraph about the NFL, in what year was the Super Bowl first held? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Is it possible to raise your child trilingual?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes. However there are a couple of things to keep in mind. Parents should only talk to their children in their mother tongue. A language is not only a way to communicate, it transmits also tradition, culture, emotions, mindset and many other habits that are typical in a specific country. Parents should not mix languages as children need to learn that a specific person has to be addressed in a specific language, otherwise they learn that languages can be mixed. The passive skills are always bigger than the active language skills, don't give up too early! They will make use of their passive language skills at some point. It is easier to learn languages if you also listen to music, watch movies in different languages and have friends that speak those languages. Remember that every person is different. Even if you raise different kids the same way, some of them might learn languages easier than others. Languages are a gift that will always help you to understand other cultures, people and mindsets and expand your horizons.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is it possible to raise your child trilingual? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is AWS EMR?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Amazon EMR (previously called Amazon Elastic MapReduce) is a managed cluster platform that simplifies running big data frameworks, such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark , on AWS to process and analyze vast amounts of data.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is AWS EMR? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are cats better than dogs?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "This is a subjective question whose answer depends on individual preferences. There are many reasons that some people prefer cars over dogs. For example, some cats are very affectionate and become very attached to their owners. They have personalities that appeal to some people more than dogs. They also may be easier to care for and cheaper to own. Because they are typically smaller house pets, they can be easier to keep clean. These are just a few examples of how cats may be preferred to dogs for some people.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are cats better than dogs? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy, he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism. Who is RFK?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy, he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism.\n\nKennedy was born into a wealthy, political family in Brookline, Massachusetts. After serving in the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1944 to 1946, Kennedy returned to his studies at Harvard University, and later received his law degree from the University of Virginia. He began his career as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as a lawyer at the Justice Department, but later resigned to manage his brother John's successful campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1952. The following year, he worked as an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Senator Joseph McCarthy. He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959, where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the union's corrupt practices. Kennedy resigned from the committee to conduct his brother's successful campaign in the 1960 presidential election. He was appointed United States Attorney General at the age of 35, one of the youngest cabinet members in American history. He served as his brother's closest advisor until the latter's 1963 assassination.\n\nHis tenure is known for advocating for the civil rights movement, the fight against organized crime and the Mafia, and involvement in U.S. foreign policy related to Cuba. He authored his account of the Cuban Missile Crisis in a book titled Thirteen Days. As attorney general, he authorized the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to wiretap Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference on a limited basis. After his brother's assassination, he remained in office during the Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson for several months. He left to run for the United States Senate from New York in 1964 and defeated Republican incumbent Kenneth Keating. In office, Kennedy opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War and raised awareness of poverty by sponsoring legislation designed to lure private business to blighted communities (i.e., Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration project). He was an advocate for issues related to human rights and social justice by traveling abroad to eastern Europe, Latin America, and South Africa, and formed working relationships with Martin Luther King Jr., Cesar Chavez, and Walter Reuther.\n\nIn 1968, Kennedy became a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the presidency by appealing to poor, African American, Hispanic, Catholic, and young voters. His main challenger in the race was Senator Eugene McCarthy. Shortly after winning the California primary around midnight on June 5, 1968, Kennedy was shot by Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian, allegedly in retaliation for his support of Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War. Kennedy died 25 hours later. Sirhan was arrested, tried, and convicted, though Kennedy's assassination, like his brother's, continues to be the subject of widespread analysis and numerous conspiracy theories.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy, he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism. Who is RFK? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Denville is an active commuter railroad train station in Denville Township, Morris County, New Jersey. Located on Estling Road, the station contains three side platforms–two curved low-level platforms that service New Jersey Transit's Morristown Line, and a third that services their Montclair-Boonton Line. Both platforms on the Morristown Line contain miniature high-level platforms for handicap accessibility. Trains on both lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown. Heading westbound, the next station is Dover while the next station east on the Morristown Line is Mount Tabor. The next station east on the Montclair-Boonton Line is Mountain Lakes. What is Denville Station?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Denville station is a commuter railroad station in Denville Township, Morris Country, New Jersey. It is supported by two lines, the New Jersey Morristown Line and the Montclair-Boonton Line. Trains on both of these lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Denville is an active commuter railroad train station in Denville Township, Morris County, New Jersey. Located on Estling Road, the station contains three side platforms–two curved low-level platforms that service New Jersey Transit's Morristown Line, and a third that services their Montclair-Boonton Line. Both platforms on the Morristown Line contain miniature high-level platforms for handicap accessibility. Trains on both lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown. Heading westbound, the next station is Dover while the next station east on the Morristown Line is Mount Tabor. The next station east on the Montclair-Boonton Line is Mountain Lakes. What is Denville Station? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following instruments have keys: harp, piano, cello, guitar, spinet, mandolin, bagpipe, bongo, clavinet, accordion, flute, bass, marimba, synthesizer, recorder, organ, melodica, sitar",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The following instruments have keys: piano, spinet, clavinet, accordion, synthesizer, organ, and melodica",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following instruments have keys: harp, piano, cello, guitar, spinet, mandolin, bagpipe, bongo, clavinet, accordion, flute, bass, marimba, synthesizer, recorder, organ, melodica, sitar |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best seasoning for ribeye steak that will be grilled?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "When seasoning ribeye steak that you will grill, simple seasoning is the best approach. Simple means these four ingredients: sea salt, black pepper, granulated garlic and Maggi Seasoning. Start by sprinkling the sea salt over both sides of the steak. Next, sprinkle on the black pepper and granulated garlic on both sides. Heat up your grill. Once the grill is ready, place the steak on the grill. Once you turn the steak, using a basting brush, baste on the Maggi Seasoning on the side that has been cooked. Pull the steaks from the grill when they are done. These simple ingredients will make a great tasting ribeye steak.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best seasoning for ribeye steak that will be grilled? |
classification | [
{
"content": "tell me a name which is colour and fruit",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "orange",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| tell me a name which is colour and fruit |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the value of x if x^2 = 4?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The value of x is either 2 or -2. This is because the square of both those numbers is 4 as shown below:\n\n2 * 2 = 4\n-2 * -2 = 4",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the value of x if x^2 = 4? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Credit Suisse Group AG (French pronunciation: [kʁe.di sɥis], lit. 'Swiss Credit') is a global investment bank and financial services firm founded and based in Switzerland. Headquartered in Zürich, it maintains offices in all major financial centers around the world and provides services in investment banking, private banking, asset management, and shared services. It is known for strict bank–client confidentiality and banking secrecy. The Financial Stability Board considers it to be a global systemically important bank. Credit Suisse is also a primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the Federal Reserve in the United States.\n\nCredit Suisse was founded in 1856 to fund the development of Switzerland's rail system. It issued loans that helped create Switzerland's electrical grid and the European rail system. In the 1900s, it began shifting to retail banking in response to the elevation of the middle class and competition from fellow Swiss banks UBS and Julius Bär. Credit Suisse partnered with First Boston in 1978 before buying a controlling share of the bank in 1988. From 1990 to 2000, the company purchased institutions such as Winterthur Group, Swiss Volksbank, Swiss American Securities Inc. (SASI), and Bank Leu. The biggest institutional shareholders of Credit Suisse include the Saudi National Bank (9.88%), the Qatar Investment Authority and BlackRock (about 5% each), Dodge & Cox, Norges Bank and the Saudi Olayan Group.\n\nThe company was one of the least affected banks during the global financial crisis, but afterwards began shrinking its investment business, executing layoffs and cutting costs. The bank was at the center of multiple international investigations for tax avoidance which culminated in a guilty plea and the forfeiture of US$2.6 billion in fines from 2008 to 2012. By the end of 2022, Credit Suisse had approximately CHF 1.3 trillion in assets under management. From the passage note down the biggest institutional shareholders of Credit Suisse. List the results in comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Saudi National Bank, Qatar Investment Authority, BlackRock, Dodge & Cox, Norges Bank, Saudi Olayan Group",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Credit Suisse Group AG (French pronunciation: [kʁe.di sɥis], lit. 'Swiss Credit') is a global investment bank and financial services firm founded and based in Switzerland. Headquartered in Zürich, it maintains offices in all major financial centers around the world and provides services in investment banking, private banking, asset management, and shared services. It is known for strict bank–client confidentiality and banking secrecy. The Financial Stability Board considers it to be a global systemically important bank. Credit Suisse is also a primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the Federal Reserve in the United States.
Credit Suisse was founded in 1856 to fund the development of Switzerland's rail system. It issued loans that helped create Switzerland's electrical grid and the European rail system. In the 1900s, it began shifting to retail banking in response to the elevation of the middle class and competition from fellow Swiss banks UBS and Julius Bär. Credit Suisse partnered with First Boston in 1978 before buying a controlling share of the bank in 1988. From 1990 to 2000, the company purchased institutions such as Winterthur Group, Swiss Volksbank, Swiss American Securities Inc. (SASI), and Bank Leu. The biggest institutional shareholders of Credit Suisse include the Saudi National Bank (9.88%), the Qatar Investment Authority and BlackRock (about 5% each), Dodge & Cox, Norges Bank and the Saudi Olayan Group.
The company was one of the least affected banks during the global financial crisis, but afterwards began shrinking its investment business, executing layoffs and cutting costs. The bank was at the center of multiple international investigations for tax avoidance which culminated in a guilty plea and the forfeiture of US$2.6 billion in fines from 2008 to 2012. By the end of 2022, Credit Suisse had approximately CHF 1.3 trillion in assets under management. From the passage note down the biggest institutional shareholders of Credit Suisse. List the results in comma separated format. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "The Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity was given to whom?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Greta Thunberg",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity was given to whom? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "\"The Obilić Medal (Serbian: Обилића медаља) or Medal for Bravery \"\"Miloš Obilić\"\" was a medal established by Petar II Petrović-Njegoš as the highest military decoration in Montenegro, based on the cult of national hero Miloš Obilić.\n\nThe official name of the medal was the Medal for Bravery \"\"Miloš Obilić\"\" but it was known as Obilić Medal.\n\nIt was established in 1847 and granted to soldiers for the acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield, prepared for the movement for liberation and revenge of the Kosovo Battle. Another reason for introduction of this medal by Njegoš was his wish to make warfare against the Ottomans more civilized (to replace customary collection and exhibition of body parts of killed Muslim enemies).\" What does the Obilic Medal commemorate?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Obilić Medal was established in 1847, and is the highest military decoration granted to soldiers in Montenegro for acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| "The Obilić Medal (Serbian: Обилића медаља) or Medal for Bravery ""Miloš Obilić"" was a medal established by Petar II Petrović-Njegoš as the highest military decoration in Montenegro, based on the cult of national hero Miloš Obilić.
The official name of the medal was the Medal for Bravery ""Miloš Obilić"" but it was known as Obilić Medal.
It was established in 1847 and granted to soldiers for the acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield, prepared for the movement for liberation and revenge of the Kosovo Battle. Another reason for introduction of this medal by Njegoš was his wish to make warfare against the Ottomans more civilized (to replace customary collection and exhibition of body parts of killed Muslim enemies)." What does the Obilic Medal commemorate? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, Magazine Management/Atlas Comics in 1951 and its predecessor, Marvel Mystery Comics, the Marvel Comics title/name/brand was first used in June 1961.\n\nMarvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in June 1961 with the launch of The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. The Marvel brand, which had been used over the years and decades, was solidified as the company's primary brand.\n\nMarvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015. Name some of the superhero teams of Marvel Comics as per the passage.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, Magazine Management/Atlas Comics in 1951 and its predecessor, Marvel Mystery Comics, the Marvel Comics title/name/brand was first used in June 1961.
Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in June 1961 with the launch of The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. The Marvel brand, which had been used over the years and decades, was solidified as the company's primary brand.
Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015. Name some of the superhero teams of Marvel Comics as per the passage. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is cloud computing in simple terms?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In simple terms cloud computing allows you to use preconfigured hardware devices and software services managed by somebody else on internet. Most cases you pay only for the resources you use and it is very easy to procure more as you need more services. \nCloud computing makes it easy to setup the technology infrastructure at a low cost and scale as you grow.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is cloud computing in simple terms? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the words of House Beesbury?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "While the house motto is not confirmed in canon sources, it is suggested that the words of House Beesbury are \"Beware Our Sting.\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the words of House Beesbury? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. The battle lasted for five weeks from 16 December 1944 to 28 January 1945, towards the end of the war in Europe. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region between Belgium and Luxembourg. It overlapped with the Alsace Offensive, subsequently the Colmar Pocket, another series of battles launched by the Germans in support of the Ardennes thrust.\n\nThe primary military objectives were to deny further use of the Belgian Port of Antwerp to the Allies and to split the Allied lines, which potentially could have allowed the Germans to encircle and destroy the four Allied forces. The Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler, who since December 1941 had assumed direct command of the German army, believed that achieving these objectives would compel the Western Allies to accept a peace treaty in the Axis powers' favor. By this time, it was palpable to virtually the entire German leadership including Hitler himself that they had no realistic hope of repelling the imminent Soviet invasion of Germany unless the Wehrmacht was able to concentrate the entirety of its remaining forces on the Eastern Front, which in turn obviously required that hostilities on the Western and Italian Fronts be terminated. The Battle of the Bulge remains among the most important battles of the war, as it marked the last major offensive attempted by the Axis Powers on the Western front. After their defeat, Germany would retreat for the remainder of the war.\n\nThe Germans achieved a total surprise attack on the morning of 16 December 1944, due to a combination of Allied overconfidence, preoccupation with Allied offensive plans, and poor aerial reconnaissance due to bad weather. American forces bore the brunt of the attack. The Germans attacked a weakly defended section of the Allied line, taking advantage of heavily overcast weather conditions that grounded the Allies' superior air forces. Fierce American resistance on the northern shoulder of the offensive, around Elsenborn Ridge, and in the south, around Bastogne, blocked German access to key roads to the northwest and west that they counted on for success. Columns of armor and infantry that were supposed to advance along parallel routes found themselves on the same roads. This congestion, and terrain that favored the defenders, threw the German advance behind schedule and allowed the Allies to reinforce the thinly placed troops.\n\nThe farthest west the offensive reached was the village of Foy-Nôtre-Dame, south east of Dinant, being stopped by the U.S. 2nd Armored Division on 24 December 1944. Improved weather conditions from around 24 December permitted air attacks on German forces and supply lines, which sealed the failure of the offensive. On 26 December the lead element of Patton's U.S. Third Army reached Bastogne from the south, ending the siege. Although the offensive was effectively broken by 27 December, when the trapped units of 2nd Panzer Division made two break-out attempts with only partial success, the battle continued for another month before the front line was effectively restored to its position prior to the attack. In the wake of the defeat, many experienced German units were out of men and equipment, and the survivors retreated to the Siegfried Line.\n\nThe Germans' initial attack involved around 410,000 men; just over 1,400 tanks, tank destroyers, and assault guns; 2,600 artillery pieces; and over 1,000 combat aircraft, as well as large numbers of other armored fighting vehicles (AFVs). These were reinforced a couple of weeks later, bringing the offensive's total strength to around 450,000 troops, and 1,500 tanks and assault guns. Between 63,222 and 103,900 of these men were killed, missing, wounded in action, or captured. The battle severely depleted Germany's armored forces, which remained largely unreplaced throughout the remainder of the war. German Luftwaffe personnel, and later also Luftwaffe aircraft (in the concluding stages of the engagement) also sustained heavy losses.\n\nFrom among the Americans' peak strength of 610,000 troops there were 75,500 battle casualties, including about 8,400 killed. The \"Bulge\" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II and the third-deadliest campaign in American history. What are some important points about the Battle of the Bulge?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "• The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II.\n• The battle lasted for five weeks from 16 December 1944 to 28 January 1945, towards the end of the war in Europe.\n• The primary military objectives were to deny further use of the Belgian Port of Antwerp to the Allies and to split the Allied lines, which potentially could have allowed the Germans to encircle and destroy the four Allied forces.\n• The Germans achieved a total surprise attack on the morning of 16 December 1944, due to a combination of Allied overconfidence, preoccupation with Allied offensive plans, and poor aerial reconnaissance due to bad weather.\n• The farthest west the offensive reached was the village of Foy-Nôtre-Dame, south east of Dinant, being stopped by the U.S. 2nd Armored Division on 24 December 1944.\n• On 26 December the lead element of Patton's U.S. Third Army reached Bastogne from the south, ending the siege.\n• The battle severely depleted Germany's armored forces, which remained largely unreplaced throughout the remainder of the war.\n• The \"Bulge\" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II and the third-deadliest campaign in American history.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. The battle lasted for five weeks from 16 December 1944 to 28 January 1945, towards the end of the war in Europe. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region between Belgium and Luxembourg. It overlapped with the Alsace Offensive, subsequently the Colmar Pocket, another series of battles launched by the Germans in support of the Ardennes thrust.
The primary military objectives were to deny further use of the Belgian Port of Antwerp to the Allies and to split the Allied lines, which potentially could have allowed the Germans to encircle and destroy the four Allied forces. The Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler, who since December 1941 had assumed direct command of the German army, believed that achieving these objectives would compel the Western Allies to accept a peace treaty in the Axis powers' favor. By this time, it was palpable to virtually the entire German leadership including Hitler himself that they had no realistic hope of repelling the imminent Soviet invasion of Germany unless the Wehrmacht was able to concentrate the entirety of its remaining forces on the Eastern Front, which in turn obviously required that hostilities on the Western and Italian Fronts be terminated. The Battle of the Bulge remains among the most important battles of the war, as it marked the last major offensive attempted by the Axis Powers on the Western front. After their defeat, Germany would retreat for the remainder of the war.
The Germans achieved a total surprise attack on the morning of 16 December 1944, due to a combination of Allied overconfidence, preoccupation with Allied offensive plans, and poor aerial reconnaissance due to bad weather. American forces bore the brunt of the attack. The Germans attacked a weakly defended section of the Allied line, taking advantage of heavily overcast weather conditions that grounded the Allies' superior air forces. Fierce American resistance on the northern shoulder of the offensive, around Elsenborn Ridge, and in the south, around Bastogne, blocked German access to key roads to the northwest and west that they counted on for success. Columns of armor and infantry that were supposed to advance along parallel routes found themselves on the same roads. This congestion, and terrain that favored the defenders, threw the German advance behind schedule and allowed the Allies to reinforce the thinly placed troops.
The farthest west the offensive reached was the village of Foy-Nôtre-Dame, south east of Dinant, being stopped by the U.S. 2nd Armored Division on 24 December 1944. Improved weather conditions from around 24 December permitted air attacks on German forces and supply lines, which sealed the failure of the offensive. On 26 December the lead element of Patton's U.S. Third Army reached Bastogne from the south, ending the siege. Although the offensive was effectively broken by 27 December, when the trapped units of 2nd Panzer Division made two break-out attempts with only partial success, the battle continued for another month before the front line was effectively restored to its position prior to the attack. In the wake of the defeat, many experienced German units were out of men and equipment, and the survivors retreated to the Siegfried Line.
The Germans' initial attack involved around 410,000 men; just over 1,400 tanks, tank destroyers, and assault guns; 2,600 artillery pieces; and over 1,000 combat aircraft, as well as large numbers of other armored fighting vehicles (AFVs). These were reinforced a couple of weeks later, bringing the offensive's total strength to around 450,000 troops, and 1,500 tanks and assault guns. Between 63,222 and 103,900 of these men were killed, missing, wounded in action, or captured. The battle severely depleted Germany's armored forces, which remained largely unreplaced throughout the remainder of the war. German Luftwaffe personnel, and later also Luftwaffe aircraft (in the concluding stages of the engagement) also sustained heavy losses.
From among the Americans' peak strength of 610,000 troops there were 75,500 battle casualties, including about 8,400 killed. The "Bulge" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II and the third-deadliest campaign in American history. What are some important points about the Battle of the Bulge? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who was the first president of the United States of America?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "George Washington",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who was the first president of the United States of America? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Good Friday is a Christian holiday commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary. It is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum. It is also known as Holy Friday, Great Friday, Great and Holy Friday (also Holy and Great Friday), and Black Friday.\n\nMembers of many Christian denominations, including the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Anglican, Methodist, Oriental Orthodox, United Protestant and some Reformed traditions (including certain Continental Reformed, Presbyterian and Congregationalist churches), observe Good Friday with fasting and church services. In many Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and Methodist churches, the Service of the Great Three Hours' Agony is held from noon until 3 pm, the time duration that the Bible records as darkness covering the land to Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross. Communicants of the Moravian Church have a Good Friday tradition of cleaning gravestones in Moravian cemeteries.\n\nThe date of Good Friday varies from one year to the next in both the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Eastern and Western Christianity disagree over the computation of the date of Easter and therefore of Good Friday. Good Friday is a widely instituted legal holiday around the world, including in most Western countries and 12 U.S. states. Some predominantly Christian countries, such as Germany, have laws prohibiting certain acts such as dancing and horse racing, in remembrance of the somber nature of Good Friday What are other names used for Good Friday?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Other names used for Good Friday are: Black Friday, Great and Holy Friday, Holy and Great Friday, Holy Friday, and Great Friday.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Good Friday is a Christian holiday commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary. It is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum. It is also known as Holy Friday, Great Friday, Great and Holy Friday (also Holy and Great Friday), and Black Friday.
Members of many Christian denominations, including the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Anglican, Methodist, Oriental Orthodox, United Protestant and some Reformed traditions (including certain Continental Reformed, Presbyterian and Congregationalist churches), observe Good Friday with fasting and church services. In many Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and Methodist churches, the Service of the Great Three Hours' Agony is held from noon until 3 pm, the time duration that the Bible records as darkness covering the land to Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross. Communicants of the Moravian Church have a Good Friday tradition of cleaning gravestones in Moravian cemeteries.
The date of Good Friday varies from one year to the next in both the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Eastern and Western Christianity disagree over the computation of the date of Easter and therefore of Good Friday. Good Friday is a widely instituted legal holiday around the world, including in most Western countries and 12 U.S. states. Some predominantly Christian countries, such as Germany, have laws prohibiting certain acts such as dancing and horse racing, in remembrance of the somber nature of Good Friday What are other names used for Good Friday? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is an API?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "An application programming interface (API) is a way for two or more computer programs to communicate with each other. It is a type of software interface, offering a service to other pieces of software.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is an API? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong.\n\nHe was the head of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. as well as director of numerous companies. He was member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.\n\nHe was a keen rider and bore the reputation of being the best rider East of the Suez. He succeeded in winning the Jockey Cup on a pony named Ben-y-Gloe belonging to C. H. Ross, the former tai-pan of Jardines when he first went to Hong Kong in 1903. In 1904, he won the Professional Cup on a pony named Runaway Girl, purchased from W. A. Cruickshank. From 1903 to 1919, he rode in 1,178 races, winning 334, securing 192 seconds and 186 thirds, being unplaced 466 times, excluding the record of minor events such as Off Days or Gymkhanas. He won 14 Grand Nationals in China, and at one meeting in Hong Kong rode in 30 races winning 16 of them. He was also the President of the St. Andrew's Society.\n\nHe left Hong Kong on 31 March 1921 for home by the Empress of Asia.\n\nIn 1928 he won The Foxhunters Cup at Cheltenham riding Rathpatrick and officiated as steward at several of the northern meetings. He died at the Cheltenham meeting in 1935 where he was officiating. What event John Johnstone won as a rider?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "John Johnstone won the Jockey Cup on a horse named Ben-y-Gloe.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong.
He was the head of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. as well as director of numerous companies. He was member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.
He was a keen rider and bore the reputation of being the best rider East of the Suez. He succeeded in winning the Jockey Cup on a pony named Ben-y-Gloe belonging to C. H. Ross, the former tai-pan of Jardines when he first went to Hong Kong in 1903. In 1904, he won the Professional Cup on a pony named Runaway Girl, purchased from W. A. Cruickshank. From 1903 to 1919, he rode in 1,178 races, winning 334, securing 192 seconds and 186 thirds, being unplaced 466 times, excluding the record of minor events such as Off Days or Gymkhanas. He won 14 Grand Nationals in China, and at one meeting in Hong Kong rode in 30 races winning 16 of them. He was also the President of the St. Andrew's Society.
He left Hong Kong on 31 March 1921 for home by the Empress of Asia.
In 1928 he won The Foxhunters Cup at Cheltenham riding Rathpatrick and officiated as steward at several of the northern meetings. He died at the Cheltenham meeting in 1935 where he was officiating. What event John Johnstone won as a rider? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is rain good for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Rain comes from the sky by ocean and land water evaporating into the clouds. When these nimbus clouds move to land, and the the rain in them is gets too heavy the rain will fall to the ground. Rain is needed for humans, animals, and plants. Purified rain water helps humans to stay hydrated, animals to grow, and plants to grow to make food for humans and animals. Rain also helps with cleaning out pollution from the air because pollution particles stick to the rain and then it falls to the ground.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is rain good for? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is abstract class?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A generic class that is used only as a template for derived classes, and\nthat cannot be instantiated.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is abstract class? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "István Szalay (22 March 1944 – 1 September 2022) was a Hungarian mathematician and politician. A member of the Hungarian Socialist Party, he served in the National Assembly from 1998 to 2002. Prior to that, he was mayor of Szeged from 1994 to 1998.\n\nSzalay died on 1 September 2022, at the age of 78. What is Szalay doing these days?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sadly, István Szalay passed away on 1 September 2022, at the age of 78. And hence to answer your question, he is dead and does't exists anymore.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| István Szalay (22 March 1944 – 1 September 2022) was a Hungarian mathematician and politician. A member of the Hungarian Socialist Party, he served in the National Assembly from 1998 to 2002. Prior to that, he was mayor of Szeged from 1994 to 1998.
Szalay died on 1 September 2022, at the age of 78. What is Szalay doing these days? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "How can I get from San Francisco airport to downtown San Francisco?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To travel from San Francisco airport to downtown San Francisco, there are multiple different options. You can travel by car or rideshare which normally takes around 20-60 minutes depending on traffic. Another option is to take public transit using BART which has a direct link inside the airport. This can take up to an hour depending on the time of day and weather.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How can I get from San Francisco airport to downtown San Francisco? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Goje, Dizi",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Dizi is woodwind, Goje is string.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Goje, Dizi |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do home power outages occur?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Power outages can occur for a number of reasons. First, some perceived \"outages\" may actually be caused by overloading a circuit breaker in a home. To eliminate this as a possibility and confirm the issue is not localized to your home, check to make sure that all circuits in your electric panel are still on. \n\nIf you are experiencing a power outage, it may been caused by a few different reasons:\n- Power safety shutoff: in some situations, a power provider will de-electrify an area to prevent issues. This might be due to maintenance activities with employees working on a section of the power grid, or to prevent issues in inclimate weather, such as preventing wildfire ignition in high-wind events. \n- Weather-caused issues: high wind or ice-storms can sometimes snap power lines or cause tree limbs to fall. \n\nCheck with your utility provider to stay up to date on any outage you are experiencing. Most utilities provide SMS/text updates, which will keep you updated in case you lose access to the internet (as your home router requires power too!)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do home power outages occur? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "How can you put up a painting on a concrete wall",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Putting up a painting on a concrete wall requires different tools than a regular wall since traditional screws/nails can't penetrate the surface. One way to get around this is with concrete screws and anchors, or by fastening the painting directly to the wall with mounting tape.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How can you put up a painting on a concrete wall |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tutankamen tomb",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "The Bud Freeman All-Stars featuring Shorty Baker",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "AllMusic reviewer Scott Yanow stated: \"Tenor-sax great Bud Freeman, who is often associated with the Eddie Condon school of Nicksieland, is heard heading an excellent swing quintet for this 1960 studio session. Trumpeter Harold \"Shorty\" Baker (best known for his periods with Duke Ellington) made too few small-group recordings throughout his life so this is one of his best ... the group plays superior standards and a couple of originals on this fine swing date\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Bud Freeman All-Stars featuring Shorty Baker |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What factors are identified as contributing to growth and development in early childhood?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Many factors are identified as contributing to growth and development in early childhood, such as nutrition, parents’ behaviors, parenting, social and cultural practices, and environment. Nutrition is important for young children because a child's body needs the right amount of nutrients to build and repair itself. A balanced diet is rich in vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, and facts to support young children's brain and body development. Child abuse and neglect have long-term consequences. It can negatively affect a child's brain and cause psychological problems. Exposure to violence can harm a child's emotional, psychological, and even physical development. As a child care provider, I want to share this knowledge with parents through different means such as newsletters, posters, and flyers, and by sharing with them some of the recognized online resources.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What factors are identified as contributing to growth and development in early childhood? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between a dialect and an accent?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Most people would commonly refer to an accent as a distinctly unique annunciation of consonant and vowels commonly heard in a geographic proximity or spoken by a distinct community coming from a geographic proximity. Dialect, on the other hand, has attributions beyond annunciation of sounds, and includes the use of slang or local terms, mixed etymology and an element of shared ideas or principles about how to communicate. Another category not considered here is a creole, which is a blending of two or more languages.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between a dialect and an accent? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is lacrosse considered the fastest game on two feet?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "During both mens and women's lacrosse games, the ball moves very quickly over a large field, both by passing between players as well as the players running the ball themselves from the defensive to offense ends of the field.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is lacrosse considered the fastest game on two feet? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the triple crown of baseball?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The triple crown is a rare feat accomplished in baseball when an individual player finishes the season with the American or National league lead in Home Runs, RBIs (runs batted in) and Batting Average. There have been 14 triple crown winners all time in baseball.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the triple crown of baseball? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is MACRO-economics?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Macroeconomics can be thought of as the “big picture” of economics. It focuses on aggregate\nproduction and consumption in an economy. Topics that macroeconomists might study include:\nEffects of general taxes such as income and sales taxes on output and prices\nCauses of economic upswings and downturns\nEffects of monetary and fiscal policy on economic health\nEffects of and process for determining interest rates\nCauses for some economies growing faster than others",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is MACRO-economics? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some popular open source products used for data analytics?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Apache Spark, MLFlow, and Delta Lake are popular open source products used to build Data Lakehouses.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some popular open source products used for data analytics? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between guitar and ukulele?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Guitar and ukulele are similar instruments. But there are many differences between them:\n- The biggest difference is that a ukulele is much smaller than a guitar.\n- Second, the ukulele has four strings while the guitar has six strings. Ukulele is tuned to G-C-E-A, while the guitar is tuned differently as E-A-D-G-B-E.\n- Next, the sound is different. The guitar sounds much fuller than the smaller-body ukulele.\n- Ukulele usually comes with nylon string, while the acoustic guitar usually comes with steel ones.\n- Scale length. The length from nut to the saddle is much longer in a guitar. \n- Difficult to play. The six strings make the guitar a little more difficult to play than a ukulele.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between guitar and ukulele? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "As a leader, how do you build an environment of trust?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In order to build an environment of trust, a leader should should take a bottom-up approach to identify and empathize on efforts being taken by the team in the ground, and be able to relate to it. One of the main pillars of strong leadership is built on trust, which can flourish over a period of time by nurturing the team, keeping faith on them and holding their hands during difficult times.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| As a leader, how do you build an environment of trust? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959. What is the definition of a moon landing",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959.\n\nThe United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. There were six crewed U.S. landings between 1969 and 1972, and numerous uncrewed landings, with no soft landings happening between 22 August 1976 and 14 December 2013.\n\nThe United States is the only country to have successfully conducted crewed missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. All soft landings took place on the near side of the Moon until 3 January 2019, when the Chinese Chang'e 4 spacecraft made the first landing on the far side of the Moon.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959. What is the definition of a moon landing |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is retail banking?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Retail banking, also known as consumer banking or personal banking, is the provision of services by a bank to the general public, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks, which are often described as wholesale banking. Banking services which are regarded as retail include provision of savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. Retail banking is also distinguished from investment banking or commercial banking. It may also refer to a division or department of a bank which deals with individual customers.\n\nIn the U.S., the term commercial bank is used for a normal bank to distinguish it from an investment bank. After the Great Depression, the Glass–Steagall Act restricted normal banks to banking activities, and investment banks to capital market activities. That distinction was repealed in the 1990s. Commercial bank can also refer to a bank or a division of a bank that deals mostly with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses, as opposed to individual members of the public (retail banking).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is retail banking? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The season ended with Super Bowl XIX when the San Francisco 49ers defeated the Miami Dolphins 38–16 at Stanford Stadium in California. This was the first Super Bowl televised by ABC, who entered into the annual championship game rotation with CBS and NBC. This game marked the second shortest distance between the Super Bowl host stadium (Stanford, California) and a Super Bowl team (San Francisco 49ers). The 49ers became the first team in NFL history to win 15 games in a regular season and to win 18 in an entire season (including the postseason). Additionally, two major offensive records were set this season, with quarterback Dan Marino establishing a new single-season passing yards record with 5,084 (later broken by Drew Brees in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2016, by Tom Brady in 2011, by Peyton Manning in 2013, by Ben Roethlisberger and Patrick Mahomes in 2018 and by Jameis Winston in 2019) and Eric Dickerson establishing a new single-season rushing yards record with 2,105. Another statistical record broken was Mark Gastineau for most sacks in a single season, with 22 (surpassed by Michael Strahan in 2001). Who was the best team in the NFL during the 1984 season?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 1984 Super Bowl featured the San Francisco 49ers, who were the first team to win 15 games in a season, against the Miami Dolphins. The 49ers won the game 38-16, making them the first team in NFL history to win 18 games in a season counting the playoffs.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The season ended with Super Bowl XIX when the San Francisco 49ers defeated the Miami Dolphins 38–16 at Stanford Stadium in California. This was the first Super Bowl televised by ABC, who entered into the annual championship game rotation with CBS and NBC. This game marked the second shortest distance between the Super Bowl host stadium (Stanford, California) and a Super Bowl team (San Francisco 49ers). The 49ers became the first team in NFL history to win 15 games in a regular season and to win 18 in an entire season (including the postseason). Additionally, two major offensive records were set this season, with quarterback Dan Marino establishing a new single-season passing yards record with 5,084 (later broken by Drew Brees in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2016, by Tom Brady in 2011, by Peyton Manning in 2013, by Ben Roethlisberger and Patrick Mahomes in 2018 and by Jameis Winston in 2019) and Eric Dickerson establishing a new single-season rushing yards record with 2,105. Another statistical record broken was Mark Gastineau for most sacks in a single season, with 22 (surpassed by Michael Strahan in 2001). Who was the best team in the NFL during the 1984 season? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Tampa Bay Buccaneers are a professional American football team based in Tampa, Florida. The Buccaneers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) South division. The club joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team, along with the Seattle Seahawks, and played its first season in the American Football Conference (AFC) West division. Prior to the 1977 season, Tampa Bay switched conferences and divisions with Seattle, becoming a member of the NFC Central division. As a result of the league's realignment prior to the 2002 season, the Buccaneers joined three former NFC West teams to form the NFC South. The club is owned by the Glazer family and plays its home games at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa.\n\nThe Buccaneers have won two Super Bowl championships and, along with the Baltimore Ravens, are the only two NFL franchises who are undefeated in multiple Super Bowl appearances. They were regarded as a perennial losing franchise for most of their first two decades due to suffering 26 consecutive losses in their first two seasons (including a winless inaugural season) and 14 consecutive losing seasons from 1983 to 1996. Despite these early struggles, Tampa Bay is the first post-merger expansion team to clinch a division title, win a playoff game, and host a conference championship; feats they accomplished by their fourth season in 1979. The team's image improved by the time of their first championship in 2002, also the first for a franchise built after the merger, but they would not win another playoff game until their second Super Bowl championship season in 2020. Concurrent to the lack of success outside of their Super Bowl wins, the Buccaneers hold the NFL's lowest winning percentage at .404. Given a reference text about the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, how many Super Bowls have they won.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Buccaneers have won two Super Bowl championships.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Tampa Bay Buccaneers are a professional American football team based in Tampa, Florida. The Buccaneers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) South division. The club joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team, along with the Seattle Seahawks, and played its first season in the American Football Conference (AFC) West division. Prior to the 1977 season, Tampa Bay switched conferences and divisions with Seattle, becoming a member of the NFC Central division. As a result of the league's realignment prior to the 2002 season, the Buccaneers joined three former NFC West teams to form the NFC South. The club is owned by the Glazer family and plays its home games at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa.
The Buccaneers have won two Super Bowl championships and, along with the Baltimore Ravens, are the only two NFL franchises who are undefeated in multiple Super Bowl appearances. They were regarded as a perennial losing franchise for most of their first two decades due to suffering 26 consecutive losses in their first two seasons (including a winless inaugural season) and 14 consecutive losing seasons from 1983 to 1996. Despite these early struggles, Tampa Bay is the first post-merger expansion team to clinch a division title, win a playoff game, and host a conference championship; feats they accomplished by their fourth season in 1979. The team's image improved by the time of their first championship in 2002, also the first for a franchise built after the merger, but they would not win another playoff game until their second Super Bowl championship season in 2020. Concurrent to the lack of success outside of their Super Bowl wins, the Buccaneers hold the NFL's lowest winning percentage at .404. Given a reference text about the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, how many Super Bowls have they won. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a bullet list of 6 different types of Christianity",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Catholicism\n- Mormonism\n- Presbyterian \n- Methodist\n- Baptist\n- Calvinist",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a bullet list of 6 different types of Christianity |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best Hip-Hop artist of all time ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are a variety of Hip-Hop artists that have been spanning through multiple years, hip-hop in the 80s is a lot different than the modern era hip-hop. The genre is constantly evolving and multiple sub-genres has emerged, like Lo-Fi, Trip-hop, Gangsta rap, ignorant rap etc...\nIt's also hard to measure what makes the success of an artist, is it the records sold ? the number of songs ? the activity of the fanbase ? the quality of the rhymes ? the impact his song had ? What the artist do outside of it's musical activity ? it's longevity ?\nFor example we can say that Run-DMC has been the first rap group to really push the genre forward as they were the first group to be on Mtv, having a sponsorship with Adidas, and mixing Rock with Rap in their Song with Aerosmith, but their longevity has been shortened due to the murdering of Jam Master Jay.\nTupac or Notorious Big are acknowledged by a lot has the best rappers of all time because of their rhyme scheme and the fact that their song remains classics today.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best Hip-Hop artist of all time ? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "List the members of the Ivy in reverse alphabetical order.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yale University, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Harvard University, Dartmouth College, Cornell University, Columbia University and Brown University.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List the members of the Ivy in reverse alphabetical order. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Can indoor houseplants live outside?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Houseplants that are considered invasive in your region should never be planted outside. In areas of North America this includes bamboo, some ivies such as English Ivy, snake plants, pothos, monstera, etc. If you’d like to enjoy these potentially invasive plants, do so indoors or in potted outdoor containers. Never discard potentially invasive houseplant species outdoors.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Can indoor houseplants live outside? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Child mortality is the mortality of children under the age of five. The child mortality rate, also under-five mortality rate, refers to the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births.It encompasses neonatal mortality and infant mortality (the probability of death in the first year of life).Reduction of child mortality is reflected in several of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Target 3.2 is \"by 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce … under‑5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births.\"Child mortality rates have decreased in the last 40 years. While in 1990, 12.6 million children under age five died, in 2016 that number fell to 5.6 million children, and then in 2020, the global number fell again to 5 million. Rapid progress has resulted in a significant decline in preventable child deaths since 1990, with the global under-5 mortality rate declining by over half between 1990 and 2016. While in 1990, 12.6 million children under age five died, in 2016 that number fell to 5.6 million children. However, despite advances, there are still 15,000 under-five deaths per day from largely preventable causes. About 80 per cent of these occur in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and just 6 countries account for half of all under-five deaths: China, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 45% of these children died during the first 28 days of life. Death rates were highest among children under age 1, followed by children ages 15 to 19, 1 to 4, and 5 to 14. From the passage identify the different types of mortality encompassed by Child mortality. Display the results in a comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "neonatal mortality, infant mortality",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Child mortality is the mortality of children under the age of five. The child mortality rate, also under-five mortality rate, refers to the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births.It encompasses neonatal mortality and infant mortality (the probability of death in the first year of life).Reduction of child mortality is reflected in several of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Target 3.2 is "by 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce … under‑5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births."Child mortality rates have decreased in the last 40 years. While in 1990, 12.6 million children under age five died, in 2016 that number fell to 5.6 million children, and then in 2020, the global number fell again to 5 million. Rapid progress has resulted in a significant decline in preventable child deaths since 1990, with the global under-5 mortality rate declining by over half between 1990 and 2016. While in 1990, 12.6 million children under age five died, in 2016 that number fell to 5.6 million children. However, despite advances, there are still 15,000 under-five deaths per day from largely preventable causes. About 80 per cent of these occur in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and just 6 countries account for half of all under-five deaths: China, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 45% of these children died during the first 28 days of life. Death rates were highest among children under age 1, followed by children ages 15 to 19, 1 to 4, and 5 to 14. From the passage identify the different types of mortality encompassed by Child mortality. Display the results in a comma separated format. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who were the commanders of the two armies involved in the Battle of Hastings?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Norman-French army was commanded by William, the Duke of Normandy. The English army fought for King Harold Godwinson.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who were the commanders of the two armies involved in the Battle of Hastings? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which Australia Rules Football team has won the most grand finals?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Carlton Football Club AKA Blues",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which Australia Rules Football team has won the most grand finals? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "is diners drive-ins and dives the best food network show?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It depends what you are looking for! If you are interested in learning about new foods in predominantly US locations that are generally affordable without a competitive element then diners drive-ins and dives, or triple D, may be great for you. Given how many years the show has been on air it is almost impossible to watch a repeat and you usually find something interesting to pay attention to. While it's not competitive, you can definitely see which restaurants make the host super excited versus not. It is a great show to decompress from work or stress before going to bed.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| is diners drive-ins and dives the best food network show? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Andrew D. Huberman is an American neuroscientist and tenured associate professor in the department of neurobiology and psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine who has made contributions to the brain development, brain plasticity, and neural regeneration and repair fields. Much of his work is focused on the visual system, including the mechanisms controlling light-mediated activation of the circadian and autonomic arousal centers in the brain, as well as brain control over conscious vision or sight.[better source needed] Huberman has been credited with coining the term \"Non-Sleep Deep Rest\" (NSDR), which he earlier referred to as Yog Nindra, which is to practices that place the brain and body into shallow sleep to accelerate neuroplasticity and help offset mental and physical fatigue.[better source needed]\n\nGraduate and postdoctoral research\nFrom 1998 to 2000, Huberman worked in the laboratory of Irving Zucker, as well as working with Marc Breedlove, at University of California, Berkeley, as part of a team that defined how early androgen exposure impacts development, and he performed the first experiments defining the structure of binocular visual pathways that set the circadian clock in the hypothalamus. From 2000 to 2004, working as a PhD student in the laboratory of Barbara Chapman at the Center for Neuroscience at the University of California, Davis, Huberman discovered that neural activity and axon guidance molecules work in concert to ensure proper wiring of binocular maps in the brain. Huberman was a Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellow researcher in the laboratory of Ben A. Barres from 2005 to 2010.\n\nHuberman was an assistant professor of neurobiology and neuroscience at University of California, San Diego, from 2011 to 2015. His lab pioneered using genetic tools to study the visual system function, development and disease. Among the Huberman Lab's discoveries was the finding that specific types of retinal neurons degenerate early in glaucoma a common blinding disease depleting sight in over 70 million people, for which there is no cure.\n\nAfter moving to Stanford in 2016, Huberman discovered and published the use of non-invasive methods such as visual stimulation to enhance regeneration of damaged retinal neurons, leading to partial recovery from blindness, especially when the stimulation is paired with specific forms of gene therapy. The work was covered extensively in the popular press, including Time magazine and Scientific American and is part of the National Eye Institute's Audacious Goals Initiative to restore vision to the blind[citation needed]. The Huberman Lab extended those findings to develop a human clinical trial using virtual reality technology to stimulate regeneration and plasticity of damaged retinal and other visual system neurons.\n\nIn 2017, the Huberman Lab created a virtual reality platform for probing the neural mechanisms underlying pathological fear and anxiety. That work involved collecting 360-degree video of various fear-inducing scenarios such as heights and claustrophobia as well as atypical fear-inducing situations such as swimming with great white sharks. The Huberman VR platform is aimed at making discoveries that will lead to developing new tools for humans to adjust their state in order to promote adaptive coping with stress. The first installment of that work was published in Current Biology, in 2021 as a collaboration with neurosurgeon and neuroscientist Edward Chang (UCSF), wherein they reported that specific patterns of insular cortex brain activity correlate with and may predict anxiety responses.\n\nIn May, 2018, Huberman Laboratory published an article in the journal Nature reporting its discovery of two new mammalian brain circuits: one that promotes fear and paralysis, and another that promotes \"courageous\"/confrontational reaction, to visually-evoked threats. That discovery prompted the now ongoing exploration of how these brain regions may be involved in humans suffering from anxiety-related disorders such as phobias and generalized anxiety.\n\nIn 2020, Huberman initiated a collaboration with the laboratory of David Spiegel in the Stanford Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, to systematically study how particular patterns of respiration (i.e., breathing/breathwork) and the visual system influence the autonomic nervous system, stress, and other brain states, including sleep.\n\nIn 2021, Huberman launched the \"Huberman Lab\" podcast with the goal of translating neuroscience into tools that can be applied in everyday life. It is a top podcast on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. He was originally inspired to start the podcast after his appearance on the Lex Fridman Podcast. Huberman also covers the evidence on supplements which include Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma Longifolia), Fadogia Agrestis and many others. Summarise the biography of Andrew Huberman and his most popular achievements.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Andrew Huberman is a neuro scientists, currently working as a professor at Stanford school of medicine. He is focused on visual system and a pioneer in the field. He also runs \"Huberman Lab\" podcast which is very successfull on Apple podcasts and Spotify.,",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Andrew D. Huberman is an American neuroscientist and tenured associate professor in the department of neurobiology and psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine who has made contributions to the brain development, brain plasticity, and neural regeneration and repair fields. Much of his work is focused on the visual system, including the mechanisms controlling light-mediated activation of the circadian and autonomic arousal centers in the brain, as well as brain control over conscious vision or sight.[better source needed] Huberman has been credited with coining the term "Non-Sleep Deep Rest" (NSDR), which he earlier referred to as Yog Nindra, which is to practices that place the brain and body into shallow sleep to accelerate neuroplasticity and help offset mental and physical fatigue.[better source needed]
Graduate and postdoctoral research
From 1998 to 2000, Huberman worked in the laboratory of Irving Zucker, as well as working with Marc Breedlove, at University of California, Berkeley, as part of a team that defined how early androgen exposure impacts development, and he performed the first experiments defining the structure of binocular visual pathways that set the circadian clock in the hypothalamus. From 2000 to 2004, working as a PhD student in the laboratory of Barbara Chapman at the Center for Neuroscience at the University of California, Davis, Huberman discovered that neural activity and axon guidance molecules work in concert to ensure proper wiring of binocular maps in the brain. Huberman was a Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellow researcher in the laboratory of Ben A. Barres from 2005 to 2010.
Huberman was an assistant professor of neurobiology and neuroscience at University of California, San Diego, from 2011 to 2015. His lab pioneered using genetic tools to study the visual system function, development and disease. Among the Huberman Lab's discoveries was the finding that specific types of retinal neurons degenerate early in glaucoma a common blinding disease depleting sight in over 70 million people, for which there is no cure.
After moving to Stanford in 2016, Huberman discovered and published the use of non-invasive methods such as visual stimulation to enhance regeneration of damaged retinal neurons, leading to partial recovery from blindness, especially when the stimulation is paired with specific forms of gene therapy. The work was covered extensively in the popular press, including Time magazine and Scientific American and is part of the National Eye Institute's Audacious Goals Initiative to restore vision to the blind[citation needed]. The Huberman Lab extended those findings to develop a human clinical trial using virtual reality technology to stimulate regeneration and plasticity of damaged retinal and other visual system neurons.
In 2017, the Huberman Lab created a virtual reality platform for probing the neural mechanisms underlying pathological fear and anxiety. That work involved collecting 360-degree video of various fear-inducing scenarios such as heights and claustrophobia as well as atypical fear-inducing situations such as swimming with great white sharks. The Huberman VR platform is aimed at making discoveries that will lead to developing new tools for humans to adjust their state in order to promote adaptive coping with stress. The first installment of that work was published in Current Biology, in 2021 as a collaboration with neurosurgeon and neuroscientist Edward Chang (UCSF), wherein they reported that specific patterns of insular cortex brain activity correlate with and may predict anxiety responses.
In May, 2018, Huberman Laboratory published an article in the journal Nature reporting its discovery of two new mammalian brain circuits: one that promotes fear and paralysis, and another that promotes "courageous"/confrontational reaction, to visually-evoked threats. That discovery prompted the now ongoing exploration of how these brain regions may be involved in humans suffering from anxiety-related disorders such as phobias and generalized anxiety.
In 2020, Huberman initiated a collaboration with the laboratory of David Spiegel in the Stanford Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, to systematically study how particular patterns of respiration (i.e., breathing/breathwork) and the visual system influence the autonomic nervous system, stress, and other brain states, including sleep.
In 2021, Huberman launched the "Huberman Lab" podcast with the goal of translating neuroscience into tools that can be applied in everyday life. It is a top podcast on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. He was originally inspired to start the podcast after his appearance on the Lex Fridman Podcast. Huberman also covers the evidence on supplements which include Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma Longifolia), Fadogia Agrestis and many others. Summarise the biography of Andrew Huberman and his most popular achievements. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are we like aquariums?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Aquariums, like zoos, provide fun-filled leisure and entertainment activities that double-up as centres for animal rescue, care and rehabilitation, scientific research, education and conservation.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are we like aquariums? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Swift signed a record deal with Big Machine Records in 2005 and released her eponymous debut album the following year. With 157 weeks on the Billboard 200 by December 2009, the album was the longest-charting album of the 2000s decade. Swift's second studio album, Fearless (2008), topped the Billboard 200 for 11 weeks and was the only album from the 2000s decade to spend one year in the top 10. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA. It also topped charts in Australia and Canada, and has sold 12 million copies worldwide. Her third studio album, the self-written Speak Now (2010), spent six weeks atop the Billboard 200 and topped charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand.\n\nHer fourth studio album, Red (2012), was her first number-one album in the United Kingdom. It topped charts in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and spent seven weeks at number one on the Billboard 200. Swift scored her fourth US number-one album with 1989 (2014), which topped the Billboard 200 for 11 weeks and was certified 9× Platinum by the RIAA. It topped the charts in other countries including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Her sixth studio album, Reputation (2017), made Swift the first music artist to have four consecutive albums each sell over one million copies within its debut week. It spent four weeks atop the Billboard 200.\n\nExiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Universal Music Group label Republic Records in 2018. Her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), was the year's global best-selling album by a solo artist. Swift released two studio albums in 2020, Folklore and Evermore, which respectively spent eight and four weeks atop the Billboard 200. Swift released two re-recorded albums, Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version), in 2021, after a dispute with Big Machine over the rights to the masters of her first six albums; the former was the first re-recorded album to top the Billboard 200. Swift's tenth original studio album, Midnights (2022), became her fifth to sell over a million US first-week copies; It was also the first album to sell over a million physical sales since 2015. Extract the names of all of the albums that Taylor Swift has released. Separate them with a comma.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Taylor Swift, Fearless, Speak Now, Red, 1989, Reputation, Lover, Fearless, Folklore, Evermore, Fearless (Taylor's Version), Red (Taylor's Version), Midnights",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Swift signed a record deal with Big Machine Records in 2005 and released her eponymous debut album the following year. With 157 weeks on the Billboard 200 by December 2009, the album was the longest-charting album of the 2000s decade. Swift's second studio album, Fearless (2008), topped the Billboard 200 for 11 weeks and was the only album from the 2000s decade to spend one year in the top 10. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA. It also topped charts in Australia and Canada, and has sold 12 million copies worldwide. Her third studio album, the self-written Speak Now (2010), spent six weeks atop the Billboard 200 and topped charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand.
Her fourth studio album, Red (2012), was her first number-one album in the United Kingdom. It topped charts in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and spent seven weeks at number one on the Billboard 200. Swift scored her fourth US number-one album with 1989 (2014), which topped the Billboard 200 for 11 weeks and was certified 9× Platinum by the RIAA. It topped the charts in other countries including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Her sixth studio album, Reputation (2017), made Swift the first music artist to have four consecutive albums each sell over one million copies within its debut week. It spent four weeks atop the Billboard 200.
Exiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Universal Music Group label Republic Records in 2018. Her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), was the year's global best-selling album by a solo artist. Swift released two studio albums in 2020, Folklore and Evermore, which respectively spent eight and four weeks atop the Billboard 200. Swift released two re-recorded albums, Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version), in 2021, after a dispute with Big Machine over the rights to the masters of her first six albums; the former was the first re-recorded album to top the Billboard 200. Swift's tenth original studio album, Midnights (2022), became her fifth to sell over a million US first-week copies; It was also the first album to sell over a million physical sales since 2015. Extract the names of all of the albums that Taylor Swift has released. Separate them with a comma. |
classification | [
{
"content": "In the game Dungeons and Dragons, players can be spell casters or non-spell casters. Sort this list into those two categories: Wizard, Bard, Ranger, Barbarian, Cleric, Druid, Rogue, Sorcerer, Warlock, Fighter and Monk.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In D&D the casters are the Bard, Cleric, Druid, Sorcerer, Warlock, and Wizard. The Rogue, Fighter, Barbarian, Monk and Ranger are non-spell casters.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In the game Dungeons and Dragons, players can be spell casters or non-spell casters. Sort this list into those two categories: Wizard, Bard, Ranger, Barbarian, Cleric, Druid, Rogue, Sorcerer, Warlock, Fighter and Monk. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you install tubeless tires on a bicycle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tubeless tire installs require some setup. It's best to have experience with bicycle tires, and in particular, the use of tire levers to remove and install tires. Make sure your tires and rims are tubeless ready. If the manufacturer also provides a tubeless tape, use that, or use a generic brand. You'll also need sealant and a tubeless stem. The stem might require a tool to unscrew the nozzle for adding sealant. You'll also need a large syringe if you plan on using the stem to add sealant. You'll want a electronic pump, or a manual pump with a reservoir.\n\nI have found that larger tires are easier to install as tubeless but road tires can also be tubeless. The first step is to clean the rim and install tubeless tape around the rim. This should seal the rim component. You'll need to punch a hole for the stem and insert the stem. Next you'll need to lever the tire onto the rim, first one side, then both. If you don't have a syringe, you can add some sealant at this step before fully installing the tire. For road tires, I've found this method prone to spilling.\n\nNext, remove the core / nozzle from the tire stem and hook the stem up to your pump. You want to inject air into the tire quickly and at high pressure to \"set\" the beads of the tire against the rim. This should result in a popping sound. When you remove the pump, the tire will deflate since you removed the core. If you haven't already, add sealant at this step using a syringe, then reinstall the core and pump up the tire. I usually rotate the tire a bit, then flip it periodically while testing if it holds air. If it does you are done. Happy riding!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you install tubeless tires on a bicycle? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How does a tack work in windsurfing?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are two basic turn maneuvers in windsurfing, the tack and the jibe. The tack turns upwind and takes the nose of the board through the wind. To start tacking, steer the board upwind by moving the sail to the back of the board. When the nose of the boards points right into the wind, step around the front of the sail to the other side. Then, move the rig forward to continue turning the board downwind.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How does a tack work in windsurfing? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "When Guettel took up music composition in his mid-teens, he was encouraged by his family. His mother said that she offered him advice for around a year, \"After that, he was so far beyond anything I could ever have dreamed of, I just backed off.\" Richard Rodgers, who died when Guettel was 15, overheard an early composition, said he liked it and asked him to play it louder. Guettel has qualified the compliment, noting that \"He was literally on his deathbed on the other side of the living-room wall.\" In his high school and collegiate years and into his early twenties, Guettel worked as a rock and jazz musician, singing and playing bass, before realizing \"that writing for character and telling stories through music was something that I really loved to do, and that allowed me to express love.\" List all the names of people in this paragraph. Separate the names with commas.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Guettel, Richard Rodgers",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| When Guettel took up music composition in his mid-teens, he was encouraged by his family. His mother said that she offered him advice for around a year, "After that, he was so far beyond anything I could ever have dreamed of, I just backed off." Richard Rodgers, who died when Guettel was 15, overheard an early composition, said he liked it and asked him to play it louder. Guettel has qualified the compliment, noting that "He was literally on his deathbed on the other side of the living-room wall." In his high school and collegiate years and into his early twenties, Guettel worked as a rock and jazz musician, singing and playing bass, before realizing "that writing for character and telling stories through music was something that I really loved to do, and that allowed me to express love." List all the names of people in this paragraph. Separate the names with commas. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Pick a title for the following:\nThe purpose of coaching is to form a partnership that enables you to draw more consistently on your wisdom, positive energy, and resourcefulness in decision-making, living a full life, and achieving your personal and professional goals by expanding your perspectives, being introspective, reducing blind spots, effectively managing self-limiting beliefs and feelings that block you, and developing new skills, habits, and practices.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Personal and Professional Coaching Goals",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pick a title for the following:
The purpose of coaching is to form a partnership that enables you to draw more consistently on your wisdom, positive energy, and resourcefulness in decision-making, living a full life, and achieving your personal and professional goals by expanding your perspectives, being introspective, reducing blind spots, effectively managing self-limiting beliefs and feelings that block you, and developing new skills, habits, and practices. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins and which food come under them?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Classifying each of the following as water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins:\n\nbefore getting into that we will first know about them in a detailed way\n\nwater-soluble vitamins:\ndissolve in water and are easily absorbed into the bloodstream. They are not stored in the body for long periods of time and any excess amounts are excreted in the urine, which means that a regular intake is needed to maintain optimal levels. \n\nWater-soluble vitamins include:\n\nVitamin C: an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage and supports immune function. It also plays a role in collagen synthesis and helps the body absorb iron from plant-based foods.\n\nVitamins B: There are eight B vitamins, including thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12). B vitamins play a crucial role in energy metabolism, as well as the production of red blood cells, brain function, and the maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and eyesight.\n\nFat-soluble vitamins:\n\nsoluble in fat and are absorbed with dietary fat in the small intestine. These vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissue for long periods of time, and excess amounts can accumulate and potentially cause toxicity. The fat-soluble vitamins include:\n\nVitamin A: essential for vision, skin health, and immune function. It is also important for the growth and development of bones and teeth.\n\nVitamin D: important for bone health as it helps the body absorb calcium. It also plays a role in immune function and may have other health benefits such as reducing the risk of certain types of cancer and autoimmune diseases.\n\nVitamin E: an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage and supports immune function. It may also have a role in reducing the risk of heart disease.\n\nVitamin K: important for blood clotting and bone health. It also plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the body.\n\nFood that comes under water-soluble vitamins:\n\nVitamin A: found in liver, fish oil, eggs, milk, cheese, and dark leafy greens like spinach and kale.\n\nVitamin D: found in fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and tuna, as well as egg yolks and fortified foods like milk, orange juice, and cereals.\n\nVitamin E: found in nuts and seeds like almonds, sunflower seeds, and hazelnuts, as well as vegetable oils like wheat germ oil, sunflower oil, and safflower oil.\n\nVitamin K: found in leafy greens like spinach, kale, and collard greens, as well as cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and Brussels sprouts, and vegetable oils like soybean oil and canola oil.\n\nFood that comes under Fat -soluble vitamins:\nVitamin C: found in citrus fruits like oranges, grapefruits, and lemons, as well as kiwi, strawberries, bell peppers, broccoli, and spinach.\n\nThiamin (B1): found in whole grains like brown rice, whole wheat bread, and oats, as well as pork, legumes, and nuts.\n\nRiboflavin (B2): found in dairy products like milk and yogurt, as well as eggs, meat, leafy greens, and whole grains.\n\nNiacin (B3): found in meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, and legumes.\n\nPantothenic acid (B5): found in meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, and legumes.\n\nPyridoxine (B6): found in meat, poultry, fish, bananas, whole grains, and legumes.\n\nBiotin (B7): found in egg yolks, liver, nuts, and seeds.\n\nFolate (B9): found in leafy greens, legumes, citrus fruits, and fortified grains and cereals.\n\nCobalamin (B12): found in animal products like meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins and which food come under them? |
classification | [
{
"content": "What do The Matrix, Point Break, Constantine, and John Wick have in common?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "They are all Keanu Reeves movies.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What do The Matrix, Point Break, Constantine, and John Wick have in common? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is IAAS?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "IAAS is an acronym for Infrastructure-as-a-service and refers to the networking, storage, compute and virtualisation services the form the foundation of public cloud computing.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is IAAS? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the National Payments Corporation of India?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The National Payments Corporation of India is an umbrella organization for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India, is an initiative of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Indian Banks’ Association (IBA) under the provisions of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007, for creating a robust Payment & Settlement Infrastructure in India. It was created by RBI for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India.\n\nFounded in December 2008, the NPCI is a not-for-profit organisation registered under Section 8 of the Companies Act 2013, established by the Reserve Bank of India and Indian Banks' Association. The organisation is owned by a consortium of major banks, and has been promoted by the country's central bank, the Reserve Bank of India. The NPCI was incorporated in December 2008 and the Certificate of Commencement of Business was issued in April 2009. The authorised capital has been pegged at ₹3 billion (US$38 million) and paid-up capital is ₹1 billion (US$13 million).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the National Payments Corporation of India? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Captain Ginyu (ギニュー隊長, Ginyū-Taichō) is a horned purple-skinned humanoid who is the leader of the Ginyu Force. He is shown to be the most tactically skilled, as he deduced that Goku was masking his true power level by simply watching him fight. After seeing Goku's increased power level when using the Kaio-ken, Ginyu inflicts a near-fatal injury on himself,[ch. 285, 286] before using his technique that allows him to switch bodies with anyone, leaving Goku with Ginyu's nearly dead body.[ch. 286, 287] As Goku, Ginyu momentarily deceives Krillin but has trouble fighting Krillin and Gohan when he realizes that he can not fully control Goku's power.[ch. 288, 289] Ginyu then tries to switch into Vegeta's body, but Goku intervenes getting his body back, and when Ginyu tries again, he switches bodies with a Namekian frog Goku throws in the way.[ch. 290] In Dragon Ball Super, Ginyu is revealed to have survived Namek's destruction and escaped to Earth, though he is still trapped in the frog's body. He takes the opportunity to swap bodies with one of Frieza's soldiers named Tagoma, but is killed by Vegeta shortly afterward. Ginyu is voiced by Hideyuki Hori in the original series and Katsuyuki Konishi in Kai. In English, he is voiced by Richard Newman in the Ocean dub, Dale Kelly in Funimation's original dub, Brice Armstrong in their redub, and by Robert Bruce Elliott in Kai. From this summary of Captain Ginyu's role in the series Dragon Ball, how many times did Captain Ginyu switch bodies?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Captain Ginyu switches bodies 4 times in the Dragon Ball series. Captain Ginyu first switched bodies with Goku and back. Then Captain Ginyu switched bodies a Namekian frog, then in Dragon Ball Super, he switched bodies with one of Frieza's soldiers named Tagoma, and is promptly killed by Vegeta.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Captain Ginyu (ギニュー隊長, Ginyū-Taichō) is a horned purple-skinned humanoid who is the leader of the Ginyu Force. He is shown to be the most tactically skilled, as he deduced that Goku was masking his true power level by simply watching him fight. After seeing Goku's increased power level when using the Kaio-ken, Ginyu inflicts a near-fatal injury on himself,[ch. 285, 286] before using his technique that allows him to switch bodies with anyone, leaving Goku with Ginyu's nearly dead body.[ch. 286, 287] As Goku, Ginyu momentarily deceives Krillin but has trouble fighting Krillin and Gohan when he realizes that he can not fully control Goku's power.[ch. 288, 289] Ginyu then tries to switch into Vegeta's body, but Goku intervenes getting his body back, and when Ginyu tries again, he switches bodies with a Namekian frog Goku throws in the way.[ch. 290] In Dragon Ball Super, Ginyu is revealed to have survived Namek's destruction and escaped to Earth, though he is still trapped in the frog's body. He takes the opportunity to swap bodies with one of Frieza's soldiers named Tagoma, but is killed by Vegeta shortly afterward. Ginyu is voiced by Hideyuki Hori in the original series and Katsuyuki Konishi in Kai. In English, he is voiced by Richard Newman in the Ocean dub, Dale Kelly in Funimation's original dub, Brice Armstrong in their redub, and by Robert Bruce Elliott in Kai. From this summary of Captain Ginyu's role in the series Dragon Ball, how many times did Captain Ginyu switch bodies? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How many languages are spoken in India?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are several languages and dialects spoken across various parts of India. Currently, the Indian constitution recognises 22 languages. However, there are other prominent languages in certain regions that are not recognised. One such example is Marwari which is spoken in several parts of the state named Rajasthan but is not constitutionally recognised.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many languages are spoken in India? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who won the 2022 NBA Finals?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Golden State Warriors",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who won the 2022 NBA Finals? |
classification | [
{
"content": "All planets in our solar system rotate on their axis either in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. Tell me which planets have clockwise rotation, and which have anti-clockwise rotations. The planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mercury, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have clockwise rotations. Venus has an anti-clockwise rotation. In summary, all planets except for Venus have a clockwise rotation.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| All planets in our solar system rotate on their axis either in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. Tell me which planets have clockwise rotation, and which have anti-clockwise rotations. The planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you increase your output on a Peloton ride?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If you want to increase your output on a Peloton ride there are definitely a few tips and tricks to follow to ensure progress. First off, I would always recommend using the same official Peloton equipment (Peloton Bike or Peloton Bike+) to ensure you are tracking consistent metrics between your rides. I would also recommend doing a Functional Threshold Power Test (FTP Test), to get a baseline of your maximum performance as well as get a power meter for each of your rides. From there, a big amount of increasing your power comes from consistency of both riding frequency as well as consistency in overloading your leg muscles during those durations. Taking Power Zone rides (PZE, PZ, PZMax) or Power Zone programs is a great way to increase your output over time. These rides/programs are tailored to your max level of effort, and as you progress over time, so will your 7 power zone levels. Besides consistently riding and keeping track of your metrics/FTP, there is a quick trick for increasing your output which is not that sustainable. The trick is to ride out of the saddle and crank the resistance all the way up (75+). If you can move your legs at 50+ cadence and over say an 80 resistance, you will be putting up over 300 output. If you can sustain that for a minute at a time and do that 3-5 times during a ride, you will easily increase your total output. Lower cadence is not ideal for increasing your power from a longevity strategy, but is a quick answer for breaking a personal record. Good luck on your future rides, and don't forget to send love with some highfives!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you increase your output on a Peloton ride? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these operation systems are open-source of proprietary; Ubuntu, iOS , Debian, Fedora, CentOS, macOS, Open Suse, Windows",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Definitely I can do that. Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, CentOS and Open Suse are open-source operating systems. On the other hand, Windows, macOS and iOS are proprietary.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these operation systems are open-source of proprietary; Ubuntu, iOS , Debian, Fedora, CentOS, macOS, Open Suse, Windows |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Bullimore is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:\n\nTony Bullimore (1939–2018), English sailor and businessman\nWayne Bullimore (born 1970), English footballer Is Bullimore a first name?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No, it is a surname.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Bullimore is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Tony Bullimore (1939–2018), English sailor and businessman
Wayne Bullimore (born 1970), English footballer Is Bullimore a first name? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why Cancun is famous",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cancun has some best resorts in the World with all inclusive food and beverage with Private beach",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why Cancun is famous |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Azure SQL used for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Azure SQL is a cloud based Azure SQL Server Database that is used for data warehousing. It contains data tables, sql queries, stored procedures, grants and permissions. System of Record (SoR) can be accessed and flow to the Azure SQL Server Database using a data pipeline or the Azure SQL API. Once the data lands in Azure SQL you will need to consider a strategy for how to handle change data capture (CDC). The data can be served to the business from Azure SQL Database for dashboarding and business reporting.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Azure SQL used for? |
classification | [
{
"content": "What are the current f1 teams?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The current 10 Formula 1 teams are Red Bull Racing, Aston Martin Aramco, Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS, Scuderia Ferrari, McLaren, BWT Alpine, MoneyGram Haas, Alfa Romeo, Scuderia AlphaTauri, Williams",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the current f1 teams? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Mexico?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mexico is a country on the North American continent.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Mexico? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What would be some useful random items to help you on an island if you were stranded",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A hockey skate would be great because of the blades and laces\n\nGlasses could maybe be used to help you start a fire if you used the glasses to reflect the sunlight\n\nThe cord from a blow dryer could be quite useful",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What would be some useful random items to help you on an island if you were stranded |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Barthélemy Hus, called Hus-Desforges (18 July 1699 in Bordeaux – 1 September 1786 in Lyon, aged 63) was an 18th-century French comedian and troupe leader.\n\nThe son of maître à danser Jérôme Hus and Marguerite Pageot, called Desforges, he was the youngest member of the Hus family and with his brother François, directed a touring company known as the \"Hus brothers troupe.\"\n\nAround 1722, he married Marie Anne Daguerre Ascorette, actress born in Namur (1709-1736). The couple had at least seven children who would be part of the troupe.\n\nOn 27 January 1750, he married in Brussels his second wife, Louise Vivier de Courtenay, descendant of the famous Courtenay family.\n\nBarthélemy Hus-Desforges was the grandfather of musician Pierre-Louis Hus-Desforges (1773-1838). What was Barthelemy Hus-Desforges famous for",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Barthelemy Hus, called Hus-Desforges (18 July 1699 in Bordeaux – 1 September 1786 in Lyon, aged 63) was an 18th-century French comedian and troupe leader.\n\nThe son of maitre a danser Jerome Hus and Marguerite Pageot, called Desforges, he was the youngest member of the Hus family and with his brother Francois, directed a touring company known as the \"Hus brothers troupe.\"\n\nAround 1722, he married Marie Anne Daguerre Ascorette, actress born in Namur (1709-1736). The couple had at least seven children who would be part of the troupe.\n\nOn 27 January 1750, he married in Brussels his second wife, Louise Vivier de Courtenay, descendant of the famous Courtenay family.\n\nBarthelemy Hus-Desforges was the grandfather of musician Pierre-Louis Hus-Desforges (1773-1838).",
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]
| Barthélemy Hus, called Hus-Desforges (18 July 1699 in Bordeaux – 1 September 1786 in Lyon, aged 63) was an 18th-century French comedian and troupe leader.
The son of maître à danser Jérôme Hus and Marguerite Pageot, called Desforges, he was the youngest member of the Hus family and with his brother François, directed a touring company known as the "Hus brothers troupe."
Around 1722, he married Marie Anne Daguerre Ascorette, actress born in Namur (1709-1736). The couple had at least seven children who would be part of the troupe.
On 27 January 1750, he married in Brussels his second wife, Louise Vivier de Courtenay, descendant of the famous Courtenay family.
Barthélemy Hus-Desforges was the grandfather of musician Pierre-Louis Hus-Desforges (1773-1838). What was Barthelemy Hus-Desforges famous for |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is India famous for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "India is famous for some of the Spectacular architectural monuments like Taj Mahal, Qutab Minar, Ajanta Ellora caves,Gol gumbaj and many more,India is also famous for its Spices and also known as land of spices as it produces 70 percent of world spices like turmeric, masala, coriander, saffron, to many more. India is also the country from where the knowledge of yoga has been originated. India is known for its rich cultural diversity, rich history, and heritage. There are many more things about India that you can experience once you travel there like spirituality, nature etc..",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is India famous for? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Big Four are the four largest professional services networks in the world, the global accounting networks Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY), KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). The four are often grouped because they are comparable in size relative to the rest of the market, both in terms of revenue and workforce; they are considered equal in their ability to provide a wide scope of professional services to their clients; and, among those looking to start a career in professional services, particularly accounting, they are considered equally attractive networks to work in, because of the frequency with which these firms engage with Fortune 500 companies. Jot some points about \"Big Four\" using given passage as a reference",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY), KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers are the four largest professional services networks in the world together known as \"The Big Four.\" (PwC).\n2. The four are frequently grouped together because they have similar sizes to the rest of the market in terms of personnel and income, and they are viewed equally in terms of their capacity to offer a broad range of professional services to their clients. \n3. Due to the regularity with which these organisations interact with Fortune 500 corporations, they are equally appealing networks to work in among people seeking to launch a career in professional services, particularly accounting.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Big Four are the four largest professional services networks in the world, the global accounting networks Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY), KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). The four are often grouped because they are comparable in size relative to the rest of the market, both in terms of revenue and workforce; they are considered equal in their ability to provide a wide scope of professional services to their clients; and, among those looking to start a career in professional services, particularly accounting, they are considered equally attractive networks to work in, because of the frequency with which these firms engage with Fortune 500 companies. Jot some points about "Big Four" using given passage as a reference |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad in British India. His father, Motilal Nehru (1861–1931), a self-made wealthy barrister who belonged to the Kashmiri Pandit community, served twice as president of the Indian National Congress, in 1919 and 1928. His mother, Swarup Rani Thussu (1868–1938), who came from a well-known Kashmiri Brahmin family settled in Lahore, was Motilal's second wife, his first having died in childbirth. Jawaharlal was the eldest of three children. His elder sister, Vijaya Lakshmi, later became the first female president of the United Nations General Assembly. His youngest sister, Krishna Hutheesing, became a noted writer and authored several books on her brother. From the passage provided, extract the names of Jawaharlal Nehru's parents. Separate them with a comma.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Motilal Nehru, Swarup Rani Thussu",
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]
| Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad in British India. His father, Motilal Nehru (1861–1931), a self-made wealthy barrister who belonged to the Kashmiri Pandit community, served twice as president of the Indian National Congress, in 1919 and 1928. His mother, Swarup Rani Thussu (1868–1938), who came from a well-known Kashmiri Brahmin family settled in Lahore, was Motilal's second wife, his first having died in childbirth. Jawaharlal was the eldest of three children. His elder sister, Vijaya Lakshmi, later became the first female president of the United Nations General Assembly. His youngest sister, Krishna Hutheesing, became a noted writer and authored several books on her brother. From the passage provided, extract the names of Jawaharlal Nehru's parents. Separate them with a comma. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Brainstorm a list of 9 different dishes for a Thanksgiving meal",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Turkey, Cranberry Sauce, Mashed Potatoes, Stuffing, Sweet Potato Casserole, Green Beans, Dinner Rolls, Salad, Pumpkin Pie",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Brainstorm a list of 9 different dishes for a Thanksgiving meal |
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