category
stringclasses 8
values | messages
listlengths 2
2
| prompt
stringlengths 5
23.6k
|
|---|---|---|
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "In compiler design, static single assignment form (often abbreviated as SSA form or simply SSA) is a property of an intermediate representation (IR) that requires each variable to be assigned exactly once and defined before it is used. Existing variables in the original IR are split into versions, new variables typically indicated by the original name with a subscript in textbooks, so that every definition gets its own version. In SSA form, use-def chains are explicit and each contains a single element. What is SSA in compiler design?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "SSA, or static single assignment form, is a property of an intermediate representation (IR) that requires each variable to be assigned exactly once. Additionally, each variable in SSA must be defined before it is used.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In compiler design, static single assignment form (often abbreviated as SSA form or simply SSA) is a property of an intermediate representation (IR) that requires each variable to be assigned exactly once and defined before it is used. Existing variables in the original IR are split into versions, new variables typically indicated by the original name with a subscript in textbooks, so that every definition gets its own version. In SSA form, use-def chains are explicit and each contains a single element. What is SSA in compiler design? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "List all the persons in the text in alphabetical order using their surname: \n\nAt acute times where there is a lot of pressure crossing the Channel, whether that’s on tunnel or ferries, then I think there’s always going to be a backup. I just urge everybody to be a bit patient while the ferry companies work their way through the backlog.”\n\nLater, speaking on the Laura Kuenssberg programme on BBC One, Braverman denied the situation at Dover would repeat itself and blamed “bad weather”.\n\nBut her comments variously attracted ire and ridicule. The Liberal Democrats’ home affairs spokesperson, Alistair Carmichael, said: “These comments show Suella Braverman is in complete denial about the impact of the Conservative government’s botched deal with Europe on our borders. For Conservative ministers like Braverman, it is always someone else’s fault.\n\n“Businesses and travellers are being tied up in reams of red tape but ministers are refusing to lift a finger. It shows the Conservative party is out of touch, out of excuses and should be out of power.”\n\nThe former Conservative cabinet minister David Gauke, who was stripped of the Tory whip for rebelling in a Brexit vote, tweeted: “If we were in the EU, the French would not need to do individual passport checks. If no individual passport checks, the process at Dover would be quicker. The Dover queues are, therefore, partly caused by Brexit. Not a contentious point, surely?”\n\nCaroline Lucas, the Green party MP, described Braverman as being “on another planet as usual”. She said that the home secretary’s comments regarding no Brexit link contradicted those expressed by the port’s chief executive. In an interview with the Observer a year ago, Doug Bannister, admitted Brexit was causing longer processing times at the border.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Doug Bannister\n- Suella Braverman\n- Alistair Carmichael\n- David Gauke\n- Laura Kuenssberg \n- Caroline Lucas",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List all the persons in the text in alphabetical order using their surname:
At acute times where there is a lot of pressure crossing the Channel, whether that’s on tunnel or ferries, then I think there’s always going to be a backup. I just urge everybody to be a bit patient while the ferry companies work their way through the backlog.”
Later, speaking on the Laura Kuenssberg programme on BBC One, Braverman denied the situation at Dover would repeat itself and blamed “bad weather”.
But her comments variously attracted ire and ridicule. The Liberal Democrats’ home affairs spokesperson, Alistair Carmichael, said: “These comments show Suella Braverman is in complete denial about the impact of the Conservative government’s botched deal with Europe on our borders. For Conservative ministers like Braverman, it is always someone else’s fault.
“Businesses and travellers are being tied up in reams of red tape but ministers are refusing to lift a finger. It shows the Conservative party is out of touch, out of excuses and should be out of power.”
The former Conservative cabinet minister David Gauke, who was stripped of the Tory whip for rebelling in a Brexit vote, tweeted: “If we were in the EU, the French would not need to do individual passport checks. If no individual passport checks, the process at Dover would be quicker. The Dover queues are, therefore, partly caused by Brexit. Not a contentious point, surely?”
Caroline Lucas, the Green party MP, described Braverman as being “on another planet as usual”. She said that the home secretary’s comments regarding no Brexit link contradicted those expressed by the port’s chief executive. In an interview with the Observer a year ago, Doug Bannister, admitted Brexit was causing longer processing times at the border. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Is it safe for dogs to eat grapes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No, grapes are considered dangerous for dogs to consume.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is it safe for dogs to eat grapes? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "How many people live in California?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), it is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south; and it has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west.\n\nCalifornia's economy is the largest of any state within the United States, with a $3.37 trillion gross state product (GSP) as of 2022. It is the largest sub-national economy in the world. If California were a sovereign nation, it would rank as the world's fifth-largest economy as of 2022, behind India and ahead of the United Kingdom, as well as the 37th most populous. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco area are the nation's second- and fourth-largest urban economies ($1.0 trillion and $0.6 trillion respectively as of 2020), following the New York metropolitan area's $1.8 trillion. The San Francisco Bay Area Combined Statistical Area had the nation's highest gross domestic product per capita ($106,757) among large primary statistical areas in 2018, and is home to five of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization and four of the world's ten richest people. Slightly over 84 percent of the state's residents hold a high school degree, the lowest high school education rate of all 50 states.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many people live in California? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Most organizations have a number of information security controls. However, without an information security management system (ISMS), controls tend to be somewhat disorganized and disjointed, having been implemented often as point solutions to specific situations or simply as a matter of convention. Security controls in operation typically address certain aspects of information technology (IT) or data security specifically; leaving non-IT information assets (such as paperwork and proprietary knowledge) less protected on the whole. Moreover, business continuity planning and physical security may be managed quite independently of IT or information security while Human Resources practices may make little reference to the need to define and assign information security roles and responsibilities throughout the organization.\n\nISO/IEC 27001 requires that management:\n\nSystematically examine the organization's information security risks, taking account of the threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts;\nDesign and implement a coherent and comprehensive suite of information security controls and/or other forms of risk treatment (such as risk avoidance or risk transfer) to address those risks that are deemed unacceptable; and\nAdopt an overarching management process to ensure that the information security controls continue to meet the organization's information security needs on an ongoing basis.\nWhat controls will be tested as part of certification to ISO/IEC 27001 is dependent on the certification auditor. This can include any controls that the organisation has deemed to be within the scope of the ISMS and this testing can be to any depth or extent as assessed by the auditor as needed to test that the control has been implemented and is operating effectively.\n\nManagement determines the scope of the ISMS for certification purposes and may limit it to, say, a single business unit or location. The ISO/IEC 27001 certificate does not necessarily mean the remainder of the organization, outside the scoped area, has an adequate approach to information security management.\n\nOther standards in the ISO/IEC 27000 family of standards provide additional guidance on certain aspects of designing, implementing and operating an ISMS, for example on information security risk management (ISO/IEC 27005). Provide a brief summary of how the ISO 27001 standard works",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The ISO 27001 standard works by requiring management of the information security management system to examine security risks, implement a comprehensive suite of security controls to manage the identified risks, and operate ongoing processes to measure control effectiveness and risk levels.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Most organizations have a number of information security controls. However, without an information security management system (ISMS), controls tend to be somewhat disorganized and disjointed, having been implemented often as point solutions to specific situations or simply as a matter of convention. Security controls in operation typically address certain aspects of information technology (IT) or data security specifically; leaving non-IT information assets (such as paperwork and proprietary knowledge) less protected on the whole. Moreover, business continuity planning and physical security may be managed quite independently of IT or information security while Human Resources practices may make little reference to the need to define and assign information security roles and responsibilities throughout the organization.
ISO/IEC 27001 requires that management:
Systematically examine the organization's information security risks, taking account of the threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts;
Design and implement a coherent and comprehensive suite of information security controls and/or other forms of risk treatment (such as risk avoidance or risk transfer) to address those risks that are deemed unacceptable; and
Adopt an overarching management process to ensure that the information security controls continue to meet the organization's information security needs on an ongoing basis.
What controls will be tested as part of certification to ISO/IEC 27001 is dependent on the certification auditor. This can include any controls that the organisation has deemed to be within the scope of the ISMS and this testing can be to any depth or extent as assessed by the auditor as needed to test that the control has been implemented and is operating effectively.
Management determines the scope of the ISMS for certification purposes and may limit it to, say, a single business unit or location. The ISO/IEC 27001 certificate does not necessarily mean the remainder of the organization, outside the scoped area, has an adequate approach to information security management.
Other standards in the ISO/IEC 27000 family of standards provide additional guidance on certain aspects of designing, implementing and operating an ISMS, for example on information security risk management (ISO/IEC 27005). Provide a brief summary of how the ISO 27001 standard works |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What language should I learn?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If you are interested in verbal languages, the most popular languages are English, Mandarin, Hindi, and Spanish. Learning one of these languages will allow you to communicate with over half a billion people! However, it also depends on your interests, such as travel interests or friends, who might speak these languages. If you are interested in non-verbal languages, American Sign Language (ASL) is the most popular non-verbal language.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What language should I learn? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is an actuary?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "An actuary is a specialist in the valuation of the financial impact of risk and uncertainty. They apply statistical techniques and expert industry knowledge. Actuaries usually work in the insurance and banking industries.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is an actuary? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "On what day did the invasion of Normandy, France occur in World War II?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "June 6, 1944",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| On what day did the invasion of Normandy, France occur in World War II? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Prometheus?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Prometheus is an open-source system for monitoring services and alerts based on a time series data model. Prometheus collects data and metrics from different services and stores them according to a unique identifier—the metric name—and a time stamp.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Prometheus? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Where was the 2nd edition of Indian and Bangladesh Navies held?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 2nd edition of Indian and Bangladesh Navies was held in Bay of Bengal",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where was the 2nd edition of Indian and Bangladesh Navies held? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some ways that I can reduce the latency of my API?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To reduce the latency of your API, you could consider caching any database operations you may have, reducing the number of network requests required, or scaling up the number of instances of your server.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some ways that I can reduce the latency of my API? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me if these animals are mammals or birds: Emu, Gorilla, Platypus, Kangaroo, Ostrich, Robin, Raven",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Emu: Bird, Gorilla: Mammal, Platypus: Mammal, Kangaroo: Mammal, Ostrich: Bird, Robin: Bird, Raven: Bird",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me if these animals are mammals or birds: Emu, Gorilla, Platypus, Kangaroo, Ostrich, Robin, Raven |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are signatories to the founding treaties of the union and thereby share in the privileges and obligations of membership. As of 2022, how many member states make up the European Union?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "27",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are signatories to the founding treaties of the union and thereby share in the privileges and obligations of membership. As of 2022, how many member states make up the European Union? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Are these blue or red colors? Pink, navy, maroon, mahogany, teal, sky, robin, scarlet",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pink: red, navy: blue, maroon: red, mahogany: red, teal: blue, sky: blue, robin: blue, scarlet: red",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Are these blue or red colors? Pink, navy, maroon, mahogany, teal, sky, robin, scarlet |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why did Christopher Columbus think he had sailed to Asia instead of America? What maps did he have at his disposal?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The reason behind Columbus' belief that he had reached Asia is depicted on a map of the Atlantic Ocean from 1474, created by Florentine mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli. This map was later included in a literary and historical atlas of America by Bartholomew in 1884, with light blue areas marking regions that were not originally present on the map.\n\nToscanelli served as an inspiration for Columbus, who received a letter from him on June 25, 1474. The letter was sent to canon Fernam Martins in Lisbon, who consulted Toscanelli on behalf of King Alfonso V about the possibility of reaching India through a western route.\n\nThe map clearly shows that Columbus was both inspired and misguided by Toscanelli's plan, which underestimated the Earth's circumference. This miscalculation led Columbus to believe that he had reached Japan instead of a completely new and unfamiliar continent lying between Europe and Asia.\n\nToscanelli's proposed plan involved sailing west along the equator to reach India and the wealthy countries of East Asia. The map that Toscanelli enclosed, which is now lost, included the western fringes of Europe and Africa, as well as the eastern fringes of Asia, with the Atlantic Ocean in between. However, Toscanelli mistakenly believed that the distance was only one-third of the Earth's circumference, far less than the actual distance.\n\nIn a letter, Toscanelli writes, among other things:\n\nI have already spoken once before of a route across the sea to the land of spices, much shorter than that of the Portuguese across Guinea. That is why His Highness the King is now asking me for information on this subject, or rather for an explanation so clear that even people without any scientific background can understand that this path must exist. Although I know that it has its basis in the spherical shape of the earth, I have nevertheless, in order to make myself better understood and facilitate the project, decided to prove that such a route exists by means of a specially constructed sea chart. I am therefore sending his highness a map drawn by myself, on which I have marked the coasts and islands which can be used as points of departure when one undertakes such a journey and on this journey keeps a steady westerly course",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why did Christopher Columbus think he had sailed to Asia instead of America? What maps did he have at his disposal? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What’s a typical dish in Brazil?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Brazil has a wide variety of culinary options heavily based on meats, local fruits and fresh vegetables. One traditional dish is the “feijoada”, a black bean and sausage stew that is generally served with rice, yucca flower and oranges. Another popular dish is the so called “Picanha”, essentially the cap of the top sirloin.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What’s a typical dish in Brazil? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of these vehicles, based on whether they are two wheel vehicles, or four wheels vehicles: car, Gyrocar, van, motorbike, scooter, all-terrain vehicle (ATV), bicycle and Segway.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Vehicles with two wheels include: bicycle, motorbike, scooter, Gyrocar, and Segway.\nVehicles with four wheels include: car, van, all-terrain vehicle (ATV)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of these vehicles, based on whether they are two wheel vehicles, or four wheels vehicles: car, Gyrocar, van, motorbike, scooter, all-terrain vehicle (ATV), bicycle and Segway. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which dog is the hero of the 1925 serum rum to Nome, Alaska?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "While Balto is the most popular and well-known dog of the serum run, also called the Great Race of Mercy, it was actually another dog named Togo whose team covered the most miles on the dangerous trail. Balto was the lead dog of Gunnar Kaasen's dog sled team, who covered the last 55 miles of the race relay. Togo, the lead dog of Leonhard Seppala's team, covered the previous 261 miles of their relay segment which was in much harsher and dangerous territory. Balto has received much more attention and glory for his participation.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which dog is the hero of the 1925 serum rum to Nome, Alaska? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between its and it's?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Its (without an apostrophe) indicates possession. Contrary to common possession rules in English, the apostrophe is dropped in its. \n\nIt's is a contraction, a shortened form of it is or it has.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between its and it's? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies, with their first comic under the DC banner being published in 1937. The majority of its publications take place within the fictional DC Universe and feature numerous culturally iconic heroic characters, such as Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman, Green Lantern, and Cyborg; as well as famous fictional teams including the Justice League, the Justice Society of America, the Justice League Dark, the Doom Patrol, and the Teen Titans. The universe also features an assortment of well-known supervillains such as Lex Luthor, the Joker, the Cheetah, the Reverse-Flash, Black Manta, Sinestro, and Darkseid. The company has published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, Fables and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo and now DC Black Label. Give me the most popular characters in DC Comics from this paragraph without summarizing.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some of the most popular characters in DC Comics include Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, the Flash, Aquaman, and Green Lantern. These characters are often portrayed by themselves as well as affiliated in superhero teams, such as the Justice League and the Teen Titans.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies, with their first comic under the DC banner being published in 1937. The majority of its publications take place within the fictional DC Universe and feature numerous culturally iconic heroic characters, such as Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman, Green Lantern, and Cyborg; as well as famous fictional teams including the Justice League, the Justice Society of America, the Justice League Dark, the Doom Patrol, and the Teen Titans. The universe also features an assortment of well-known supervillains such as Lex Luthor, the Joker, the Cheetah, the Reverse-Flash, Black Manta, Sinestro, and Darkseid. The company has published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, Fables and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo and now DC Black Label. Give me the most popular characters in DC Comics from this paragraph without summarizing. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities what's the tallest mountain in the world",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mount Everest",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities what's the tallest mountain in the world |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do you get dental erosion?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Dental erosion is caused by dietary factors , physical factors and indigestion and reflux disease. Dietary acids include carbonated drinks, acidic fruits and juices and sweets. Teeth should not be brushed straight after eating , you should wait 30 minutes after eating before brushing.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do you get dental erosion? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The World Tourism rankings are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization as part of their World Tourism Barometer publication, which is released up to six times per year. In the publication, destinations are ranked by the number of international visitor arrivals, by the revenue generated by inbound tourism, and by the expenditure of outbound travelers.\n\nMost visited destinations by international tourist arrivals\nIn 2019 there were 1.459 billion international tourist arrivals worldwide, with a growth of 3.7% as compared to 2018. The top 10 international tourism destinations in 2019 were:\n\nRank\tDestination\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2019)\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2018)\tChange\n(2018 to\n2019)\n(%)\tChange\n(2017 to\n2018)\n(%)\n1\t France\t–\t89.4 million\t-\tIncrease 2.9\n2\t Spain\t83.5 million\t82.8 million\tIncrease 0.8\tIncrease 1.1\n3\t United States\t79.3 million\t79.7 million\tDecrease 0.6\tIncrease 3.3\n4\t China\t65.7 million\t62.9 million\tIncrease 4.5\tIncrease 3.6\n5\t Italy\t64.5 million\t61.6 million\tIncrease 4.8\tIncrease 5.7\n6\t Turkey\t51.2 million\t45.8 million\tIncrease 11.9\tIncrease 21.7\n7\t Mexico\t45.0 million\t41.3 million\tIncrease 9.0\tIncrease 5.1\n8\t Thailand\t39.8 million\t38.2 million\tIncrease 4.3\tIncrease 7.3\n9\t Germany\t39.6 million\t38.9 million\tIncrease 1.8\tIncrease 3.8\n10\t United Kingdom\t39.4 million\t38.7 million\tIncrease 1.9\tDecrease 2.2\nAfrica\nIn 2019, there were 69.9 million international tourist arrivals to Africa (excluding Egypt and Libya), an increase of 2.4% from 2018. In 2019, the top ten African destinations were:\n\nRank\tDestination\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2019)\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2018)\tChange\n(2018 to\n2019)\n(%)\tChange\n(2017 to\n2018)\n(%)\n1\t Egypt\t13.0 million\t11.3 million\tIncrease 14.8\tIncrease 36.8\n2\t Morocco\t12.9 million\t12.3 million\tIncrease 5.2\tIncrease 8.3\n3\t South Africa\t10.2 million\t10.5 million\tDecrease 2.3\tIncrease 1.8\n4\t Tunisia\t9.4 million\t8.3 million\tIncrease 13.6\tIncrease 17.7\n5\t Algeria\t2.4 million\t2.7 million\tDecrease 10.8\tIncrease 8.4\n6\t Zimbabwe\t2.3 million\t2.6 million\tDecrease 10.8\tIncrease 5.9\n7\t Mozambique\t2.0 million\t2.7 million\tDecrease 26.4\tIncrease 89.6\n8\t Ivory Coast\t–\t2.0 million\t-\tIncrease 9.2\n9\t Kenya\t–\t1.9 million\t-\tIncrease 15.4\n10\t Botswana\t–\t1.7 million\t-\tIncrease 2.0\nNote: Egypt and Libya are classified under \"Middle East\" in the UNWTO.\nAmericas\nIn 2019, there were 219.1 million international tourist arrivals to the Americas, an increase of 1.5%. In 2019, the top ten destinations were:\n\nRank\tDestination\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2019)\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2018)\tChange\n(2018 to\n2019)\n(%)\tChange\n(2017 to\n2018)\n(%)\n1\t United States\t79.3 million\t79.7 million\tDecrease 0.6\tIncrease 3.3\n2\t Mexico\t45.0 million\t41.3 million\tIncrease 9.0\tIncrease 5.1\n3\t Canada\t22.1 million\t21.1 million\tIncrease 4.8\tIncrease 1.2\n4\t Argentina\t7.4 million\t6.9 million\tIncrease 6.6\tIncrease 3.4\n5\t Dominican Republic\t6.4 million\t6.6 million\tDecrease 1.9\tIncrease 6.2\n6\t Brazil\t6.4 million\t6.6 million\tDecrease 4.1\tIncrease 0.5\n7\t Chile\t4.5 million\t5.7 million\tDecrease 21.1\tDecrease 11.3\n8\t Peru\t4.4 million\t4.4 million\tDecrease 1.1\tIncrease 9.6\n9\t Cuba\t4.3 million\t4.7 million\tDecrease 9.0\tIncrease 2.0\n10\t Colombia\t4.2 million\t4.0 million\tIncrease 3.4\tIncrease 10.7\nAsia and the Pacific\nIn 2019, there were 360.7 million international tourist arrivals to Asia-Pacific, an increase of 4.1% over 2018. In 2019, the top ten destinations were:\n\nRank\tDestination\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2019)\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2018)\tChange\n(2018 to\n2019)\n(%)\tChange\n(2017 to\n2018)\n(%)\n1\t China\t65.7 million\t62.9 million\tIncrease 4.5\tIncrease 3.6\n2\t Thailand\t39.8 million\t38.2 million\tIncrease 4.3\tIncrease 7.3\n3\t Japan\t32.2 million\t31.2 million\tIncrease 3.2\tIncrease 8.7\n4\t Malaysia\t26.1 million\t25.8 million\tIncrease 1.0\tDecrease 0.4\n5\t Hong Kong\t23.8 million\t29.3 million\tDecrease 18.8\tIncrease 4.9\n6\t Macau\t18.6 million\t18.5 million\tIncrease 0.8\tIncrease 7.2\n7\t Vietnam\t18.0 million\t15.5 million\tIncrease 16.2\tIncrease 19.9\n8\t India\t17.9 million\t17.4 million\tIncrease 2.8\tIncrease 12.1\n9\t South Korea\t17.5 million\t15.3 million\tIncrease 14.0\tIncrease 15.1\n10\t Indonesia\t15.5 million\t13.4 million\tIncrease 15.4\tIncrease 3.5\nEurope\nIn 2019, there were 744.3 million international tourist arrivals to Europe, an increase of 3.9% over 2017. In 2019, the top ten destinations were:\n\nRank\tDestination\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2019)\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2018)\tChange\n(2018 to\n2019)\n(%)\tChange\n(2017 to\n2018)\n(%)\n1\t France\t–\t89.4 million\t-\tIncrease 2.9\n2\t Spain\t83.7 million\t82.8 million\tIncrease 1.1\tIncrease 1.1\n3\t Italy\t64.5 million\t61.6 million\tIncrease 4.8\tIncrease 5.7\n4\t Turkey\t51.2 million\t45.8 million\tIncrease 11.9\tIncrease 21.7\n5\t Germany\t39.6 million\t38.9 million\tIncrease 1.8\tIncrease 3.8\n6\t United Kingdom\t39.4 million\t38.7 million\tIncrease 1.9\tDecrease 2.2\n7\t Austria\t31.9 million\t30.8 million\tIncrease 3.5\tIncrease 4.6\n8\t Greece\t31.3 million\t30.1 million\tIncrease 4.1\tIncrease 10.8\n9\t Portugal\t24.6 million\t22.8 million\tIncrease 7.9\tIncrease 7.5\n10\t Russia\t24.4 million\t24.6 million\tDecrease 0.5\tIncrease 0.7\nMiddle East\nIn 2019, there were 61.4 million international tourist arrivals to the Middle East (excluding Iran and Israel), an increase of 2.1% over 2018. In 2019, the top ten destinations were:\n\nRank\tDestination\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2019)\tInternational\ntourist\narrivals\n(2018)\tChange\n(2018 to\n2019)\n(%)\tChange\n(2017 to\n2018)\n(%)\n1\t Saudi Arabia\t17.5 million\t15.5 million\tIncrease 13.0\tDecrease 3.7\n2\t United Arab Emirates\t16.7 million\t15.9 million\tIncrease 5.1\tIncrease 0.8\n3\t Egypt\t13.0 million\t11.3 million\tIncrease 14.8\tIncrease 36.8\n4\t Iran\t9.1 million\t7.3 million\tIncrease 24.4\tIncrease 49.9\n5\t Israel\t4.6 million\t4.1 million\tIncrease 10.5\tIncrease 14.1\n6\t Jordan\t4.5 million\t4.2 million\tIncrease 8.1\tIncrease 8.0\n7\t Bahrain\t3.8 million\t4.4 million\tDecrease 11.8\tDecrease 0.2\n8\t Oman\t2.5 million\t2.3 million\tIncrease 8.6\tDecrease 0.6\n9\t Qatar\t2.1 million\t1.8 million\tIncrease 17.4\tDecrease 19.4\n10\t Lebanon\t1.9 million\t2.0 million\tDecrease 1.4\tIncrease 5.8\nNote: Iran is classified as part of \"South Asia\" in the UNWTO.\nIsrael is classified as part of \"Southern/Medit.Europe\" in the UNWTO. Extract the most visited countries in Africa and list them using bullets in the format {Country} - {International tourist arrivals (2019)}",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Egypt - 13.0 million\nMorocco - 12.9 million\nSouth Africa - 10.2 million\nTunisia - 9.4 million\nAlgeria - 2.4 million\nZimbabwe - 2.3 million\nMozambique - 2.0 million\nIvory Coast - –\nKenya - –\nBotswana - –",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The World Tourism rankings are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization as part of their World Tourism Barometer publication, which is released up to six times per year. In the publication, destinations are ranked by the number of international visitor arrivals, by the revenue generated by inbound tourism, and by the expenditure of outbound travelers.
Most visited destinations by international tourist arrivals
In 2019 there were 1.459 billion international tourist arrivals worldwide, with a growth of 3.7% as compared to 2018. The top 10 international tourism destinations in 2019 were:
Rank Destination International
tourist
arrivals
(2019) International
tourist
arrivals
(2018) Change
(2018 to
2019)
(%) Change
(2017 to
2018)
(%)
1 France – 89.4 million - Increase 2.9
2 Spain 83.5 million 82.8 million Increase 0.8 Increase 1.1
3 United States 79.3 million 79.7 million Decrease 0.6 Increase 3.3
4 China 65.7 million 62.9 million Increase 4.5 Increase 3.6
5 Italy 64.5 million 61.6 million Increase 4.8 Increase 5.7
6 Turkey 51.2 million 45.8 million Increase 11.9 Increase 21.7
7 Mexico 45.0 million 41.3 million Increase 9.0 Increase 5.1
8 Thailand 39.8 million 38.2 million Increase 4.3 Increase 7.3
9 Germany 39.6 million 38.9 million Increase 1.8 Increase 3.8
10 United Kingdom 39.4 million 38.7 million Increase 1.9 Decrease 2.2
Africa
In 2019, there were 69.9 million international tourist arrivals to Africa (excluding Egypt and Libya), an increase of 2.4% from 2018. In 2019, the top ten African destinations were:
Rank Destination International
tourist
arrivals
(2019) International
tourist
arrivals
(2018) Change
(2018 to
2019)
(%) Change
(2017 to
2018)
(%)
1 Egypt 13.0 million 11.3 million Increase 14.8 Increase 36.8
2 Morocco 12.9 million 12.3 million Increase 5.2 Increase 8.3
3 South Africa 10.2 million 10.5 million Decrease 2.3 Increase 1.8
4 Tunisia 9.4 million 8.3 million Increase 13.6 Increase 17.7
5 Algeria 2.4 million 2.7 million Decrease 10.8 Increase 8.4
6 Zimbabwe 2.3 million 2.6 million Decrease 10.8 Increase 5.9
7 Mozambique 2.0 million 2.7 million Decrease 26.4 Increase 89.6
8 Ivory Coast – 2.0 million - Increase 9.2
9 Kenya – 1.9 million - Increase 15.4
10 Botswana – 1.7 million - Increase 2.0
Note: Egypt and Libya are classified under "Middle East" in the UNWTO.
Americas
In 2019, there were 219.1 million international tourist arrivals to the Americas, an increase of 1.5%. In 2019, the top ten destinations were:
Rank Destination International
tourist
arrivals
(2019) International
tourist
arrivals
(2018) Change
(2018 to
2019)
(%) Change
(2017 to
2018)
(%)
1 United States 79.3 million 79.7 million Decrease 0.6 Increase 3.3
2 Mexico 45.0 million 41.3 million Increase 9.0 Increase 5.1
3 Canada 22.1 million 21.1 million Increase 4.8 Increase 1.2
4 Argentina 7.4 million 6.9 million Increase 6.6 Increase 3.4
5 Dominican Republic 6.4 million 6.6 million Decrease 1.9 Increase 6.2
6 Brazil 6.4 million 6.6 million Decrease 4.1 Increase 0.5
7 Chile 4.5 million 5.7 million Decrease 21.1 Decrease 11.3
8 Peru 4.4 million 4.4 million Decrease 1.1 Increase 9.6
9 Cuba 4.3 million 4.7 million Decrease 9.0 Increase 2.0
10 Colombia 4.2 million 4.0 million Increase 3.4 Increase 10.7
Asia and the Pacific
In 2019, there were 360.7 million international tourist arrivals to Asia-Pacific, an increase of 4.1% over 2018. In 2019, the top ten destinations were:
Rank Destination International
tourist
arrivals
(2019) International
tourist
arrivals
(2018) Change
(2018 to
2019)
(%) Change
(2017 to
2018)
(%)
1 China 65.7 million 62.9 million Increase 4.5 Increase 3.6
2 Thailand 39.8 million 38.2 million Increase 4.3 Increase 7.3
3 Japan 32.2 million 31.2 million Increase 3.2 Increase 8.7
4 Malaysia 26.1 million 25.8 million Increase 1.0 Decrease 0.4
5 Hong Kong 23.8 million 29.3 million Decrease 18.8 Increase 4.9
6 Macau 18.6 million 18.5 million Increase 0.8 Increase 7.2
7 Vietnam 18.0 million 15.5 million Increase 16.2 Increase 19.9
8 India 17.9 million 17.4 million Increase 2.8 Increase 12.1
9 South Korea 17.5 million 15.3 million Increase 14.0 Increase 15.1
10 Indonesia 15.5 million 13.4 million Increase 15.4 Increase 3.5
Europe
In 2019, there were 744.3 million international tourist arrivals to Europe, an increase of 3.9% over 2017. In 2019, the top ten destinations were:
Rank Destination International
tourist
arrivals
(2019) International
tourist
arrivals
(2018) Change
(2018 to
2019)
(%) Change
(2017 to
2018)
(%)
1 France – 89.4 million - Increase 2.9
2 Spain 83.7 million 82.8 million Increase 1.1 Increase 1.1
3 Italy 64.5 million 61.6 million Increase 4.8 Increase 5.7
4 Turkey 51.2 million 45.8 million Increase 11.9 Increase 21.7
5 Germany 39.6 million 38.9 million Increase 1.8 Increase 3.8
6 United Kingdom 39.4 million 38.7 million Increase 1.9 Decrease 2.2
7 Austria 31.9 million 30.8 million Increase 3.5 Increase 4.6
8 Greece 31.3 million 30.1 million Increase 4.1 Increase 10.8
9 Portugal 24.6 million 22.8 million Increase 7.9 Increase 7.5
10 Russia 24.4 million 24.6 million Decrease 0.5 Increase 0.7
Middle East
In 2019, there were 61.4 million international tourist arrivals to the Middle East (excluding Iran and Israel), an increase of 2.1% over 2018. In 2019, the top ten destinations were:
Rank Destination International
tourist
arrivals
(2019) International
tourist
arrivals
(2018) Change
(2018 to
2019)
(%) Change
(2017 to
2018)
(%)
1 Saudi Arabia 17.5 million 15.5 million Increase 13.0 Decrease 3.7
2 United Arab Emirates 16.7 million 15.9 million Increase 5.1 Increase 0.8
3 Egypt 13.0 million 11.3 million Increase 14.8 Increase 36.8
4 Iran 9.1 million 7.3 million Increase 24.4 Increase 49.9
5 Israel 4.6 million 4.1 million Increase 10.5 Increase 14.1
6 Jordan 4.5 million 4.2 million Increase 8.1 Increase 8.0
7 Bahrain 3.8 million 4.4 million Decrease 11.8 Decrease 0.2
8 Oman 2.5 million 2.3 million Increase 8.6 Decrease 0.6
9 Qatar 2.1 million 1.8 million Increase 17.4 Decrease 19.4
10 Lebanon 1.9 million 2.0 million Decrease 1.4 Increase 5.8
Note: Iran is classified as part of "South Asia" in the UNWTO.
Israel is classified as part of "Southern/Medit.Europe" in the UNWTO. Extract the most visited countries in Africa and list them using bullets in the format {Country} - {International tourist arrivals (2019)} |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Is Britain the only country that drives on the left-hand side of the road?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Britain is not the only country that drives on the left-hand side of the road. Approximately a third of the global population drives on the left.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is Britain the only country that drives on the left-hand side of the road? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Provide instructions on making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Making the perfect peanut butter and jelly sandwich is part art and part science. One must must be judicious in the quantity of ingredients while ensuring proper coverage to ensure each bite is equal to the one before and after it. Here, both measurement and distribution of ingredients serves as the scientific aspect of constructing your delicious and timeless lunchtime meal. Jars of peanut utter suggest a serving size as 2 tablespoons, which, when applied to the critical soft white bread, may prove too much to hold and cause soak through or tearing of the bread. We think 1.5 tablespoons is the proper amount to ensure there is coverage of the bread slice to the crust without compromising the integrity of the bread. Jelly application is even more precarious, as it holds more fluid and can soak through the bread quicker; equally, jelly has a tendency to congeal. To ensure proper application, heat the jar of jelly closer to room temperature if refrigerated, then apply using a clean butter knife or small spatula. Again, one must ensure it reaches to the crust and is evenly distributed. Once you have complete coverage of peanut butter on one slice and jelly on the other, place the peanut butter side of the first slice on top of the upward-facing jelly slice. This ensure none of the jelly slips or drips. Once together, gently compress the sandwich. Slice delicately from one corner to the opposite corner. Gently press the crust edge of each triangle, and plate for serving.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Provide instructions on making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a bulleted list of countries that start with the letter B.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Botswana\n- Bulgaria\n- Brazil\n- Bolivia\n- Belgium\n- Bahrain\n- Bahamas",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a bulleted list of countries that start with the letter B. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Lean manufacturing is a production method aimed primarily at reducing times within the production system as well as response times from suppliers and to customers. It is closely related to another concept called just-in-time manufacturing (JIT manufacturing in short). Just-in-time manufacturing tries to match production to demand by only supplying goods which have been ordered and focuses on efficiency, productivity (with a commitment to continuous improvement) and reduction of \"wastes\" for the producer and supplier of goods. Lean manufacturing adopts the just-in-time approach and additionally focuses on reducing cycle, flow and throughput times by further eliminating activities which do not add any value for the customer. Lean manufacturing also involves people who work outside of the manufacturing process, such as in marketing and customer service. What is Lean manufacturing",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lean is a production method.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Lean manufacturing is a production method aimed primarily at reducing times within the production system as well as response times from suppliers and to customers. It is closely related to another concept called just-in-time manufacturing (JIT manufacturing in short). Just-in-time manufacturing tries to match production to demand by only supplying goods which have been ordered and focuses on efficiency, productivity (with a commitment to continuous improvement) and reduction of "wastes" for the producer and supplier of goods. Lean manufacturing adopts the just-in-time approach and additionally focuses on reducing cycle, flow and throughput times by further eliminating activities which do not add any value for the customer. Lean manufacturing also involves people who work outside of the manufacturing process, such as in marketing and customer service. What is Lean manufacturing |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the Firefly Music Festival?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Firefly Music Festival is a multi genre music festival that started in 2012. It is held in Dover, Delaware and is 4 days long. The artists who perform at Firefly vary significantly in genre, including country, pop, punk, hip hop, EDM, and alternative. Most people who attend Firefly camp onsite, but you can also stay in local hotels or commute to the festival.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the Firefly Music Festival? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What kind of cars are good for families with 3 small children?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "When shopping for a car that will accommodate three small children, you need to think about car seats and storage space. Each kid needs to have their own properly installed car seat and you’ll likely need to have enough room for strollers, diaper bags, and other gear. Some mid-size sedans and small SUVs can fit 3 car seats across the back row, but to fit them safely, you’ll need to find the right set of thin car seats the meet the size requirements of your children (e.g. height and weight). For example, Clek makes narrow car seats. That said, taking a trip with 3 kids in these mid-size cars will be challenging unless you add a luggage rack to the top of your car. \n\nMid-size SUVs like the Honda Pilot, Kia Telluride, and the Toyota Highlander can accommodate wider car seats in their second row and even include a third row. That said, the third row is difficult to access when car seats are installed in the second row and there isn’t much luggage space when the third row is used for seating.\n\nAll that considered, your best bet for 3 kids and lots of gear is a minivan or full size SUV (Chevy Suburban, GMC Yukon XL, Toyota Sequoia). Choosing between those is a matter of preference. It’s best to test drive the various options at local car dealerships.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What kind of cars are good for families with 3 small children? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How many voyages did Columbus lead to America?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Four",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many voyages did Columbus lead to America? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What should I consider when deciding between electric car or gas car?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Buying a car can be challenging, especially when trying to find the right balance between the upfront cost of buying/financing a car and the cost of operating that car. Electric cars do cost a premium vs gas-powered equivalent. Things to consider when deciding between both \n- Electric cars on average cost 50% less on maintenance and repairs. This is due to the fact that it is powered by a battery pack vs a complex gas engine. So fewer points of failure and less maintenance such as oil changes etc.\n- Look for electric cars that still have rebates and tax incentives that can significantly lower the upfront cost of the car\n- Identify your annual usage and calculate how much money you will save. you need to consider the cost of electricity in your location and if you have solar installed at home to lower the electric cost further.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What should I consider when deciding between electric car or gas car? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "sanas originated in India. In his Yoga Sutras, Patanjali (c. 2nd to 4th century CE) describes asana practice as the third of the eight limbs (Sanskrit: अष्टाङ्ग, aṣṭāṅga, from अष्ट् aṣṭ, eight, and अङ्ग aṅga, limb) of classical, or raja yoga. What is the third limb of yoga?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The third limb of yoga is know as Asana. This refers to the physical practice of yoga, or the yoga postures. By putting the body into difficult positions you achieve several key benefits. The first is you are helping your body heal pain. If you want to meditate and work on healing your mind, you need to first heal your body. Otherwise your easily distracted mind will focus on pain in your body versus the pain in your mind. Secondly, commitment to the Asana will teach you the discipline your mind needs to heal. When going into uncomfortable situations, bad patterns in the mind often arise. Stepping into discomfort actually becomes an opportunity to study the mind and change patterns of response.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| sanas originated in India. In his Yoga Sutras, Patanjali (c. 2nd to 4th century CE) describes asana practice as the third of the eight limbs (Sanskrit: अष्टाङ्ग, aṣṭāṅga, from अष्ट् aṣṭ, eight, and अङ्ग aṅga, limb) of classical, or raja yoga. What is the third limb of yoga? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "In what year did the Geneva Conference ratify the Vietnamese Communist Victory?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1954 the Geneva Conference divided independent Vietnam into Communist North and pro_western South.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In what year did the Geneva Conference ratify the Vietnamese Communist Victory? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Australian Chess Championship is a tournament organised by the Australian Chess Federation and held every two years. The tournament is largely restricted to Australian chess players, although it is common to allow a small number of strong overseas players to compete. The highest-scoring eligible player (frequently the tournament winner) holds the title of Australian Chess Champion until the next tournament is held. The tournament format is normally a restricted Swiss system, and in case of a tie for first place, a playoff match or tournament is conducted. How often is The Australian Chess Championship held?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Every two years",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Australian Chess Championship is a tournament organised by the Australian Chess Federation and held every two years. The tournament is largely restricted to Australian chess players, although it is common to allow a small number of strong overseas players to compete. The highest-scoring eligible player (frequently the tournament winner) holds the title of Australian Chess Champion until the next tournament is held. The tournament format is normally a restricted Swiss system, and in case of a tie for first place, a playoff match or tournament is conducted. How often is The Australian Chess Championship held? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900). Given this paragraph about Arlington, Virginia, what are the 3 public high schools in Arlington?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 3 public high schools in Arlington, Va are Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900). Given this paragraph about Arlington, Virginia, what are the 3 public high schools in Arlington? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How many island does Hawaii have?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hawaii has 8 islands in total,",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many island does Hawaii have? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Name some popular computer games from early this millenia.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "World of Warcraft, Grand Theft Auto, Final Fantasy X and Guitar Hero were all popular games in the first decade of the 2000s.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name some popular computer games from early this millenia. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Macroglossum insipida, the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875. Was the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth described in the 20th or 21st century?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Neither. It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875, which is in the 19th century.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Macroglossum insipida, the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875. Was the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth described in the 20th or 21st century? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Categorize the following list into common greetings and common parting words: goodbye, hi, hiya, howdy, see ya, what's up, i'm out, how are you, how are you doing, peace, sup, talk to you later, see you soon, have a good one",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Common greetings: hi, hiya, howdy, what's up, how are you, how are you doing, sup\nCommon parting words: goodbye, see ya, i'm out, peace, talk to you later, see you soon, have a good one",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Categorize the following list into common greetings and common parting words: goodbye, hi, hiya, howdy, see ya, what's up, i'm out, how are you, how are you doing, peace, sup, talk to you later, see you soon, have a good one |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Thomas attended the local Medicine Lodge school through the 11th grade, the last grade the school offered. He moved to Pasadena, California and finished high school at John Muir High School. He attended Pasadena Junior College for two years and then obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Forestry in February, 1941, from the University of Idaho, at Moscow, Idaho.\n\nIn 1950, he enrolled in Texas A&M University, at College Station, Texas, where he obtained a MS degree in Wildlife Management in 1951 and a Ph.D in Wildlife Management in 1954 (called Range Management then). From the passage provided, extract where Thomas finished high school.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Thomas finished high school at John Muir High School in Pasadena, California.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Thomas attended the local Medicine Lodge school through the 11th grade, the last grade the school offered. He moved to Pasadena, California and finished high school at John Muir High School. He attended Pasadena Junior College for two years and then obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Forestry in February, 1941, from the University of Idaho, at Moscow, Idaho.
In 1950, he enrolled in Texas A&M University, at College Station, Texas, where he obtained a MS degree in Wildlife Management in 1951 and a Ph.D in Wildlife Management in 1954 (called Range Management then). From the passage provided, extract where Thomas finished high school. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "As established by law and government policy, the two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (literally 'book tongue') and Nynorsk ('new Norwegian'). The official Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is responsible for regulating the two forms, and recommends the terms Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk in English.[citation needed] Two other written forms without official status also exist. One, called Riksmål ('national language'), is today to a large extent the same language as Bokmål though somewhat closer to the Danish language. It is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy, which translates the name as 'Standard Norwegian'. The other is Høgnorsk ('High Norwegian'), a more purist form of Nynorsk, which maintains the language in an original form as given by Ivar Aasen and rejects most of the reforms from the 20th century; this form has limited use. What are the official official forms of written Norwegian?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Bokmål\n- Nynorsk",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| As established by law and government policy, the two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (literally 'book tongue') and Nynorsk ('new Norwegian'). The official Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is responsible for regulating the two forms, and recommends the terms Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk in English.[citation needed] Two other written forms without official status also exist. One, called Riksmål ('national language'), is today to a large extent the same language as Bokmål though somewhat closer to the Danish language. It is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy, which translates the name as 'Standard Norwegian'. The other is Høgnorsk ('High Norwegian'), a more purist form of Nynorsk, which maintains the language in an original form as given by Ivar Aasen and rejects most of the reforms from the 20th century; this form has limited use. What are the official official forms of written Norwegian? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the show \"The X-Files\" about?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The X-Files is a science fiction show, featuring characters Special Agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully who are investigating unsolved, mysterious cases called \"X-Files.\" The show explores cases relating to the paranormal, such as Bigfoot and vampires, in standalone episodes referenced as \"monster of the week\" episodes, but also has a larger, ongoing storyline about the deeper conspiracies surrounding the existence of extraterrestrial life and government coverups which make up the \"mytharc\" (mythology story arc) of the show.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the show "The X-Files" about? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Air Lingus is the national airline of which country",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Republic of Ireland or Eire",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Air Lingus is the national airline of which country |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The three Synoptic Gospels record the circumstances in which some of the disciples were recruited, Matthew only describing the recruitment of Simon, Andrew, James, and John.\n\nDespite Jesus only briefly requesting that they join him, they are all described as immediately consenting and abandoning their nets to do so. The immediacy of their consent has been viewed as an example of divine power, although this is not stated in the text. Another explanation is that some of the disciples may have heard of Jesus beforehand, as implied by the Gospel of John, which states that Andrew was a disciple of John the Baptist, and that he and his brother started following Jesus as soon as Jesus had been baptized.\n\nMatthew describes Jesus meeting James and John, also fishermen and brothers, very shortly after recruiting Simon and Andrew. Matthew and Mark identify James and John as sons of Zebedee. Luke adds to Matthew and Mark that James and John worked as a team with Simon and Andrew. Matthew states that at the time of the encounter, James and John were repairing their nets, but readily joined Jesus without hesitation.\n\nThis parallels the accounts of Mark and Luke, but Matthew implies that the men have also abandoned their father (since he is present in the boat they abandon behind them), and Carter feels this should be interpreted to mean that Matthew's view of Jesus is one of a figure rejecting the traditional patriarchal structure of society, where the father had command over his children; most scholars, however, just interpret it to mean that Matthew intended these two to be seen as even more devoted than the other pair, or that Jesus expected the imminent coming of the kingdom.\n\nThe Synoptic Gospels go on to describe that later in Jesus' ministry he noticed a tax collector in his booth. The tax collector, called Matthew in Matthew 9:9, and Levi in Mark 2:14 and Luke 5:27, is asked by Jesus to become one of his disciples. Matthew/Levi is stated to have accepted and then invited Jesus for a meal with his friends. Tax collectors were seen as villains in Jewish society, and the Pharisees are described as asking Jesus why he is having a meal with such disreputable people. The reply Jesus gave is now well known: \"it is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.\" Extract all the names of people in this paragraph on the twelves apostles of Jesus, in a bullet point list.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Matthew\n- Simon\n- Andrew\n- James\n- John\n- Jesus\n- John the Baptist\n- Mark\n- Zebedee\n- Luke\n- Carter\n- Levi",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The three Synoptic Gospels record the circumstances in which some of the disciples were recruited, Matthew only describing the recruitment of Simon, Andrew, James, and John.
Despite Jesus only briefly requesting that they join him, they are all described as immediately consenting and abandoning their nets to do so. The immediacy of their consent has been viewed as an example of divine power, although this is not stated in the text. Another explanation is that some of the disciples may have heard of Jesus beforehand, as implied by the Gospel of John, which states that Andrew was a disciple of John the Baptist, and that he and his brother started following Jesus as soon as Jesus had been baptized.
Matthew describes Jesus meeting James and John, also fishermen and brothers, very shortly after recruiting Simon and Andrew. Matthew and Mark identify James and John as sons of Zebedee. Luke adds to Matthew and Mark that James and John worked as a team with Simon and Andrew. Matthew states that at the time of the encounter, James and John were repairing their nets, but readily joined Jesus without hesitation.
This parallels the accounts of Mark and Luke, but Matthew implies that the men have also abandoned their father (since he is present in the boat they abandon behind them), and Carter feels this should be interpreted to mean that Matthew's view of Jesus is one of a figure rejecting the traditional patriarchal structure of society, where the father had command over his children; most scholars, however, just interpret it to mean that Matthew intended these two to be seen as even more devoted than the other pair, or that Jesus expected the imminent coming of the kingdom.
The Synoptic Gospels go on to describe that later in Jesus' ministry he noticed a tax collector in his booth. The tax collector, called Matthew in Matthew 9:9, and Levi in Mark 2:14 and Luke 5:27, is asked by Jesus to become one of his disciples. Matthew/Levi is stated to have accepted and then invited Jesus for a meal with his friends. Tax collectors were seen as villains in Jewish society, and the Pharisees are described as asking Jesus why he is having a meal with such disreputable people. The reply Jesus gave is now well known: "it is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." Extract all the names of people in this paragraph on the twelves apostles of Jesus, in a bullet point list. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the differences between the New York Giants and New York Jets?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The New York Giants and New York Jets are both professional football teams in the NFL who play in the New York Metropolitan area. Both teams play in MetLife stadium which used to be called Giants stadium in East Rutherford, NJ. Their fan bases live in New Jersey and New York primarily. The Jets primary color is Green, while the Giants are blue.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the differences between the New York Giants and New York Jets? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do we have winter and summer clocks?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Even today, this remains the rationale behind the clock change: aligning citizens' waking hours to daylight hours to save the energy spent on lighting. There are more daylight hours in the summer, and it is preferable to get up earlier so as not to waste precious daylight time while sleeping.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do we have winter and summer clocks? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of golf clubs you should carry in your golf bag.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here is a list of golf clubs you should have in your bag. - Driver\n- 3 wood\n- Hybrid\n- 4-9 iron\n- pitching wedge\n- sand wedge\n- lob wedge\n- putter",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of golf clubs you should carry in your golf bag. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the different kinds of rock climbing?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most popular types of climbing are:\n\n- Bouldering: climbing low hanging challenges, likely with crash pads to fall on.\n- Sport climbing (or indoor climbing): Climbing a route with fixed anchors\n- Traditional climbing: Climbing with gear that is inserted and removed without fixed anchors\n\nOnce climbers gain experience, they are able to begin climbing more extreme outdoor terrain however many climbers may stick to bouldering or sport climbing.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the different kinds of rock climbing? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do people like cats?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "People like cats because they do their own thing, they are very independent and have strong personalities, according to cat lovers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do people like cats? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Put yourself in the place of a consumer who is considering the purchase of a new car. What sources of information would you use to evaluate your options during ZMOT (Zero moment of truth)?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Car brand websites: \n\nAfter deciding on a car category (compact SUV), I would visit the different car brand websites to understand the offering. I would start comparing the car's various attributes, like engine/battery power, mileage/range, colors, upgrade options, safety features, etc., from the website. \n\nYouTube reviews: \n\nI would watch a few car review video guides on YouTube to speed up the car-buying process and narrow down the list to a few options. \n\nPrice estimates: \n\nOnce I narrowed it down to a few options, I would obtain a price estimate by sourcing information from KBB.com or TrueCar.com. \n\nCheck dealer inventory & quotes: \n\nWith a price estimate, I would start contacting the dealers or configure to price (for Tesla). Alternatively, I would keep checking the dealer’s inventory to see if there is an overstock of a particular car color/model for which I can get a better deal.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Put yourself in the place of a consumer who is considering the purchase of a new car. What sources of information would you use to evaluate your options during ZMOT (Zero moment of truth)? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the best soccer player in the world?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many ways to determine who the best soccer player is at the current time.\n\nSome would say that the Ballon d'Or award does that job for us, labeling the best player in the game at the current time. At this juncture, that is Karim Benzema of Real Madrid, who won the 2021/22 award after leading Los Blancos to the La Liga and Champions League double.\n\nOthers would say that the highest-paid player is the best. That would be Kylian Mbappe whose new PSG contract could see the French side shell out an eye-watering €630 million over the course of his new three-year contract he signed in the summer of 2022. Mbappe is thought to be the best young player in the game now, gracing the cover of the popular FIFA video game for the last two years.\n\nStill more could argue that the player with the most goals scored would be the best player. That would make Cristiano Ronaldo the top player in the world, with his all-time record of more than 800 goals for club and country. Right behind him is his rival Lionel Messi, who also has collected far more assists than his Portuguese counterpart. Young striker Erling Haaland may have something to say about that, however, as his incredible start to the Premier League season has seen him on pace to shatter the league's single-season goalscoring record.\n\nHowever, that seems to discount those who play other positions, like 2018 Ballon d'Or winner Luka Modric, whose midfield brilliance led Croatia to the last World Cup final, or 2022 Yashin trophy winner Thibaut Courtois, whose goalkeeping heroics earned him Man of the Match in the 2022 Champions League final.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the best soccer player in the world? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The New Administrative Capital (NAC) (Arabic: العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة, romanized: al-ʿĀṣima al-ʾIdārīya al-Gadīda) is a new urban community in Cairo Governorate, Egypt and a satellite of Cairo City. It is planned to be Egypt's new capital and has been under construction since 2015. It was announced by the then Egyptian housing minister Mostafa Madbouly at the Egypt Economic Development Conference on 13 March 2015. The capital city is considered one of the projects for economic development, and is part of a larger initiative called Egypt Vision 2030. What is the New Administrative Capital of Egypt?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The New Administrative Capital is planned city that will replace Cairo as the capital or Egypt. Construction has been underway since 2015 and is planned to be ready by 2030.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The New Administrative Capital (NAC) (Arabic: العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة, romanized: al-ʿĀṣima al-ʾIdārīya al-Gadīda) is a new urban community in Cairo Governorate, Egypt and a satellite of Cairo City. It is planned to be Egypt's new capital and has been under construction since 2015. It was announced by the then Egyptian housing minister Mostafa Madbouly at the Egypt Economic Development Conference on 13 March 2015. The capital city is considered one of the projects for economic development, and is part of a larger initiative called Egypt Vision 2030. What is the New Administrative Capital of Egypt? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Fallout is a series of post-apocalyptic role-playing video games—and later action role-playing games—created by Interplay Entertainment. The series is set during the 21st, 22nd and 23rd centuries, and its atompunk retrofuturistic setting and art work are influenced by the post-war culture of 1950s United States, with its combination of hope for the promises of technology and the lurking fear of nuclear annihilation. A forerunner of Fallout is Wasteland, a 1988 game developed by Interplay Productions to which the series is regarded as a spiritual successor.\n\nThe series' first title, Fallout, was developed by Black Isle Studios and released in 1997, and its sequel, Fallout 2, the following year. With the tactical role-playing game Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel, development was handed to Micro Forté and 14 Degrees East. In 2004, Interplay closed Black Isle Studios, and continued to produce Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel, an action game with role-playing elements for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, without Black Isle Studios. Fallout 3, the third entry in the main series, was released in 2008 by Bethesda Softworks, and was followed by Fallout: New Vegas, developed by Obsidian Entertainment. Fallout 4 was released in 2015, and Fallout 76 released on November 14, 2018.\n\nBethesda Softworks owns the rights to the Fallout intellectual property. After acquiring it, Bethesda licensed the rights to make a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) version of Fallout to Interplay. The MMORPG got as far as beta stage under Interplay, but a lengthy legal dispute between Bethesda Softworks and Interplay halted the development of the game and led to its eventual cancellation, as Bethesda claimed in court that Interplay had not met the terms and conditions of the licensing contract. The case was settled in early 2012.\n\nOrigins\nThe ideas of the Fallout series began with Interplay Productions' Wasteland, released in 1988. At that time, Interplay was not a publisher and used Electronic Arts for distribution of the game. According to Interplay's founder, Brian Fargo, they wanted to explore a post-apocalyptic setting and created Wasteland for that. Sometime after release, Interplay decided to shift focus and become a publisher while still developing games. Fargo wanted to continue to use the Wasteland intellectual property but could not negotiate the rights back from Electronic Arts. Still wanting to do something in a post-apocalyptic setting, Fargo and his team decided to make a new setting and game. They determined what aspects of Wasteland were positives and wrote and developed a new game around them. The result was the first Fallout games, which released nearly ten years after Wasteland. When was the first Fallout game released?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fallout (1997)\nReleased in October 1997, Fallout takes place in a post-apocalyptic Southern California, beginning in the year 2161. The protagonist, referred to as the Vault Dweller, is tasked with recovering a water chip in the Wasteland to replace the broken one in their underground shelter home, Vault 13. Afterwards, the Vault Dweller must thwart the plans of a group of mutants, led by a grotesque entity named the Master. Fallout was originally intended to run under the GURPS role-playing game system. However, a disagreement with the creator of GURPS, Steve Jackson, over the game's violent content required Black Isle Studios to develop the new SPECIAL system. Fallout's atmosphere and artwork are reminiscent of post-World War II United States during the Cold War era and the fear that the country was headed for nuclear war in the real world.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Fallout is a series of post-apocalyptic role-playing video games—and later action role-playing games—created by Interplay Entertainment. The series is set during the 21st, 22nd and 23rd centuries, and its atompunk retrofuturistic setting and art work are influenced by the post-war culture of 1950s United States, with its combination of hope for the promises of technology and the lurking fear of nuclear annihilation. A forerunner of Fallout is Wasteland, a 1988 game developed by Interplay Productions to which the series is regarded as a spiritual successor.
The series' first title, Fallout, was developed by Black Isle Studios and released in 1997, and its sequel, Fallout 2, the following year. With the tactical role-playing game Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel, development was handed to Micro Forté and 14 Degrees East. In 2004, Interplay closed Black Isle Studios, and continued to produce Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel, an action game with role-playing elements for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, without Black Isle Studios. Fallout 3, the third entry in the main series, was released in 2008 by Bethesda Softworks, and was followed by Fallout: New Vegas, developed by Obsidian Entertainment. Fallout 4 was released in 2015, and Fallout 76 released on November 14, 2018.
Bethesda Softworks owns the rights to the Fallout intellectual property. After acquiring it, Bethesda licensed the rights to make a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) version of Fallout to Interplay. The MMORPG got as far as beta stage under Interplay, but a lengthy legal dispute between Bethesda Softworks and Interplay halted the development of the game and led to its eventual cancellation, as Bethesda claimed in court that Interplay had not met the terms and conditions of the licensing contract. The case was settled in early 2012.
Origins
The ideas of the Fallout series began with Interplay Productions' Wasteland, released in 1988. At that time, Interplay was not a publisher and used Electronic Arts for distribution of the game. According to Interplay's founder, Brian Fargo, they wanted to explore a post-apocalyptic setting and created Wasteland for that. Sometime after release, Interplay decided to shift focus and become a publisher while still developing games. Fargo wanted to continue to use the Wasteland intellectual property but could not negotiate the rights back from Electronic Arts. Still wanting to do something in a post-apocalyptic setting, Fargo and his team decided to make a new setting and game. They determined what aspects of Wasteland were positives and wrote and developed a new game around them. The result was the first Fallout games, which released nearly ten years after Wasteland. When was the first Fallout game released? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How did George II die",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fell off toilet",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How did George II die |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which author wrote the ‘Winnie-the-Pooh’ books?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A. A. Milne",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which author wrote the ‘Winnie-the-Pooh’ books? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How can I decide what bike I should get?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "When it comes to bicycles for adults, there are different kinds available in the market. Select a bike based on how you'd like to use it. Bikes can be categorized as follows:\n1. Road bikes - These bikes have super thin tires and are often used for biking on roads. These help you attain high speeds relatively quickly.\n2. Mountain bikes - These bikes are made to sustain the rough terrain that you could come across while biking. The tires are much thicker and made to protect you and give you the support you need.\n3. Hybrid/Commuter bikes - These bikes fall into the middle of the above 2 categories. If you think you might do a bit of road biking and mountain biking, then this might be your best option.\nYou can also go to a store that specializes in selling and repairing bikes to get more information.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How can I decide what bike I should get? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Write a poem about a raven",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,\nOver many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—\nWhile I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,\nAs of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.\n“’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—\nOnly this and nothing more.”\n\nAh, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;\nAnd each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.\nEagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow\nFrom my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore—\nFor the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore—\nNameless here for evermore.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a poem about a raven |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me if these are baseball teams or football teams: Seattle Mariners, Chicago Cubs, Tampa Bay Devil Rays",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "They are all baseball teams",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me if these are baseball teams or football teams: Seattle Mariners, Chicago Cubs, Tampa Bay Devil Rays |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between income tax and capital gains tax in the USA?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Income tax are taxes levied on earned income from employment. Capital gains taxes are levied on gains made from investment sales.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between income tax and capital gains tax in the USA? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cowbell, Crwth",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Crwth is string, Cowbell is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cowbell, Crwth |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Atlassian Corporation (/ətˈlæsiən/) is an Australian software company that develops products for software developers, project managers and other software development teams. The company is domiciled in Delaware, with global headquarters in Sydney, Australia, and US headquarters in San Francisco. Where was Atlassian founded?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Atlassian Corporation was founded in Australia, but is domeciled in Delaware, with global headquarters in Sydney, Australia, and US headquarters in San Francisco.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Atlassian Corporation (/ətˈlæsiən/) is an Australian software company that develops products for software developers, project managers and other software development teams. The company is domiciled in Delaware, with global headquarters in Sydney, Australia, and US headquarters in San Francisco. Where was Atlassian founded? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the lead singer of Limp Bizkit?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fred Durst is the leader singer of nu-metal rap band, Limp Bizkit.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the lead singer of Limp Bizkit? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "On the morning of 6 December 1917, the French cargo ship SS Mont-Blanc collided with the Norwegian vessel SS Imo in the waters of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Mont-Blanc, laden with high explosives, caught fire and exploded, devastating the Richmond district of Halifax. At least 1,782 people were killed, largely in Halifax and Dartmouth, by the blast, debris, fires, or collapsed buildings, and an estimated 9,000 others were injured. The blast was the largest human-made explosion at the time. It released the equivalent energy of roughly 2.9 kilotons of TNT (12 TJ).\n\nMont-Blanc was under orders from the French government to carry her cargo from New York City via Halifax to Bordeaux, France. At roughly 8:45 am, she collided at low speed, approximately one knot (1.2 mph or 1.9 km/h), with the unladen Imo, chartered by the Commission for Relief in Belgium to pick up a cargo of relief supplies in New York. On the Mont-Blanc, the impact damaged benzol barrels stored on deck, leaking vapours which were ignited by sparks from the collision, setting off a fire on board that quickly grew out of control. Approximately 20 minutes later at 9:04:35 am, the Mont-Blanc exploded. What role did barrels of benzol play in the explosion of the Mont-Blanc?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The impact of the SS Mont-Blanc and the SS Imo damaged barrels of benzol which were stored on the deck of the Mont-Blanc. The damaged barrels leaked vapours which were ignited by sparks which set off a fire.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| On the morning of 6 December 1917, the French cargo ship SS Mont-Blanc collided with the Norwegian vessel SS Imo in the waters of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Mont-Blanc, laden with high explosives, caught fire and exploded, devastating the Richmond district of Halifax. At least 1,782 people were killed, largely in Halifax and Dartmouth, by the blast, debris, fires, or collapsed buildings, and an estimated 9,000 others were injured. The blast was the largest human-made explosion at the time. It released the equivalent energy of roughly 2.9 kilotons of TNT (12 TJ).
Mont-Blanc was under orders from the French government to carry her cargo from New York City via Halifax to Bordeaux, France. At roughly 8:45 am, she collided at low speed, approximately one knot (1.2 mph or 1.9 km/h), with the unladen Imo, chartered by the Commission for Relief in Belgium to pick up a cargo of relief supplies in New York. On the Mont-Blanc, the impact damaged benzol barrels stored on deck, leaking vapours which were ignited by sparks from the collision, setting off a fire on board that quickly grew out of control. Approximately 20 minutes later at 9:04:35 am, the Mont-Blanc exploded. What role did barrels of benzol play in the explosion of the Mont-Blanc? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Amdahl's law is often conflated with the law of diminishing returns, whereas only a special case of applying Amdahl's law demonstrates law of diminishing returns. If one picks optimally (in terms of the achieved speedup) what is to be improved, then one will see monotonically decreasing improvements as one improves. If, however, one picks non-optimally, after improving a sub-optimal component and moving on to improve a more optimal component, one can see an increase in the return. Note that it is often rational to improve a system in an order that is \"non-optimal\" in this sense, given that some improvements are more difficult or require larger development time than others.\n\nAmdahl's law does represent the law of diminishing returns if one is considering what sort of return one gets by adding more processors to a machine, if one is running a fixed-size computation that will use all available processors to their capacity. Each new processor added to the system will add less usable power than the previous one. Each time one doubles the number of processors the speedup ratio will diminish, as the total throughput heads toward the limit of 1/(1 − p).\n\nThis analysis neglects other potential bottlenecks such as memory bandwidth and I/O bandwidth. If these resources do not scale with the number of processors, then merely adding processors provides even lower returns.\n\nAn implication of Amdahl's law is that to speed up real applications which have both serial and parallel portions, heterogeneous computing techniques are required. There are novel speedup and energy consumption models based on a more general representation of heterogeneity, referred to as the normal form heterogeneity, that support a wide range of heterogeneous many-core architectures. These modelling methods aim to predict system power efficiency and performance ranges, and facilitates research and development at the hardware and system software levels. Based on the passage provided, what is the difference between Amdahl's law and the law of diminishing returns?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The law of diminishing returns represents a special case of the application of Amdahl's law. The passage provides an example of a scenario where Amdahl's law represents the law of diminishing returns. In this scenario one is running a fixed sized computation that will use all available processors to their capacity and is considering what sort of return can be achieved by adding more processors to a machine. Applying Amdahl's law tells us that each new processor added to the system will add less usable power than the previous. In other words, each new processor yields diminishing returns.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Amdahl's law is often conflated with the law of diminishing returns, whereas only a special case of applying Amdahl's law demonstrates law of diminishing returns. If one picks optimally (in terms of the achieved speedup) what is to be improved, then one will see monotonically decreasing improvements as one improves. If, however, one picks non-optimally, after improving a sub-optimal component and moving on to improve a more optimal component, one can see an increase in the return. Note that it is often rational to improve a system in an order that is "non-optimal" in this sense, given that some improvements are more difficult or require larger development time than others.
Amdahl's law does represent the law of diminishing returns if one is considering what sort of return one gets by adding more processors to a machine, if one is running a fixed-size computation that will use all available processors to their capacity. Each new processor added to the system will add less usable power than the previous one. Each time one doubles the number of processors the speedup ratio will diminish, as the total throughput heads toward the limit of 1/(1 − p).
This analysis neglects other potential bottlenecks such as memory bandwidth and I/O bandwidth. If these resources do not scale with the number of processors, then merely adding processors provides even lower returns.
An implication of Amdahl's law is that to speed up real applications which have both serial and parallel portions, heterogeneous computing techniques are required. There are novel speedup and energy consumption models based on a more general representation of heterogeneity, referred to as the normal form heterogeneity, that support a wide range of heterogeneous many-core architectures. These modelling methods aim to predict system power efficiency and performance ranges, and facilitates research and development at the hardware and system software levels. Based on the passage provided, what is the difference between Amdahl's law and the law of diminishing returns? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me 4 words to describe designer shoes",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "creative, exquisite, expensive, fashionable",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me 4 words to describe designer shoes |
classification | [
{
"content": "I've started doing individual training to get fit and now I'd like to learn a team sport, which of these are team sports? hockey, yoga, baseball, basketball, netball, running, handball, weightlifting, and ballet.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hockey, baseball, basketball, netball, handball are all team sports",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| I've started doing individual training to get fit and now I'd like to learn a team sport, which of these are team sports? hockey, yoga, baseball, basketball, netball, running, handball, weightlifting, and ballet. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between a Narrow Transformation and Wide Transformation",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "+ Narrow Transformation: In Narrow transformation, all the elements that are required to compute the records in single partition live in the single partition of parent RDD. Ex:- Select, Filter, Union,\n+ Wide Transformation: Wide transformation, all the elements that are required to compute the records in the single partition may live in many partitions of parent RDD. The partition may live in many partitions of parent RDD. Involves a network shuffle and are split between stages. Ex:- GroupBy, Repartition, Sorts",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between a Narrow Transformation and Wide Transformation |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are equity securities?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Equity securities are financial assets that represent ownership of a corporation. The most prevalent type of equity security is common stock. And the characteristic that most defines an equity security—differentiating it from most other types of securities—is ownership.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are equity securities? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether each city is on the west coast or east coast of the USA: Seattle, Portland, Miami, Charlotte, Boston, San Diego",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Seattle: West Coast\nPortland: West Coast\nMiami: East Coast\nCharlotte: East Coast\nBoston: East Coast\nSan Diego: West Coast",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether each city is on the west coast or east coast of the USA: Seattle, Portland, Miami, Charlotte, Boston, San Diego |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. It is based on the 1949 memoir of Maria von Trapp, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers. Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun. She falls in love with the children, and eventually their widowed father, Captain von Trapp. He is ordered to accept a commission in the German navy, but he opposes the Nazis. He and Maria decide on a plan to flee Austria with the children Whose life is the 1965 film 'The Sound of Music' based on?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It is based on the 1949 memoir of Maria von Trapp",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. It is based on the 1949 memoir of Maria von Trapp, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers. Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun. She falls in love with the children, and eventually their widowed father, Captain von Trapp. He is ordered to accept a commission in the German navy, but he opposes the Nazis. He and Maria decide on a plan to flee Austria with the children Whose life is the 1965 film 'The Sound of Music' based on? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The 2007 Kent earthquake registered 4.3 on the Richter scale and struck south east Kent, South East England on 28 April 2007 at 07:18:12 UTC (08:18:12 local time), at a shallow depth of 5.3 km.\n\nThe worst affected area was the town of Folkestone, although the towns of Deal, Dover and Ashford were also affected. The tremors could be felt across much of Kent and south east England, including as far as East Sussex, Essex and Suffolk, as well as on the other side of the English Channel at Calais and Brussels. How strong was the Kent earthquake",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 2007 Kent earthquake registered 4.3 on the Richter scale and struck south east Kent, South East England on 28 April 2007 at 07:18:12 UTC (08:18:12 local time), at a shallow depth of 5.3 km.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The 2007 Kent earthquake registered 4.3 on the Richter scale and struck south east Kent, South East England on 28 April 2007 at 07:18:12 UTC (08:18:12 local time), at a shallow depth of 5.3 km.
The worst affected area was the town of Folkestone, although the towns of Deal, Dover and Ashford were also affected. The tremors could be felt across much of Kent and south east England, including as far as East Sussex, Essex and Suffolk, as well as on the other side of the English Channel at Calais and Brussels. How strong was the Kent earthquake |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Shohei Ohtani, nicknamed \"Shotime\", is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher, designated hitter and outfielder for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball's (NPB) Pacific League.\nConsidered early on as an elite two-way player, Ohtani was the first pick of the Fighters in the 2012 draft. He played in NPB for the Fighters from 2013 through 2017 as a pitcher and an outfielder, and won the 2016 Japan Series with them. The Fighters posted Ohtani to MLB after the 2017 season, and he signed with the Angels, soon winning the 2018 American League (AL) Rookie of the Year Award.\n\nFollowing an injury-plagued 2019 and 2020, Ohtani would go on to have a 2021 season widely considered to be historic, as he became the first in the history of MLB with 10+ home runs and 20+ stolen bases as a hitter and 100+ strikeouts and 10+ pitching appearances as a pitcher in the same season while also holding at least a share of the major league lead in home runs in fourteen starts. Because of his elite contributions both offensively and as a pitcher, a rarity for two-way players, Ohtani's peak is widely considered among the greatest in baseball history, with some comparing it favorably to the early career of Babe Ruth. For his efforts, he was awarded the 2021 American League Most Valuable Player Award. He followed this in 2022 by becoming the first player in the modern era to qualify for both the hitting and pitching leaderboards in one season, reaching the limits of 3.1 plate appearances and one inning pitched per game with 586 at bats against 166 innings pitched.\n\nInternationally, Ohtani also represented Japan in the 2023 World Baseball Classic, winning the MVP Award for the tournament following Team Japan's victory over Team USA. Please give me a short bulleted list of the key arguments the Shohei Ohtani in his career.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Shohei Otani is a baseball player in the history of MLB. He did:\n・Won the 2018 American League (AL) Rookie of the Year Award.\n・10+ home runs and 20+ stolen bases as a hitter\n・100+ strikeouts and 10+ pitching appearances as a pitcher in the same season.\n・Awarded the 2021 American League Most Valuable Player Award. \n・Awarded the 2023 World Baseball Classic Most Valuable Player Award",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Shohei Ohtani, nicknamed "Shotime", is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher, designated hitter and outfielder for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball's (NPB) Pacific League.
Considered early on as an elite two-way player, Ohtani was the first pick of the Fighters in the 2012 draft. He played in NPB for the Fighters from 2013 through 2017 as a pitcher and an outfielder, and won the 2016 Japan Series with them. The Fighters posted Ohtani to MLB after the 2017 season, and he signed with the Angels, soon winning the 2018 American League (AL) Rookie of the Year Award.
Following an injury-plagued 2019 and 2020, Ohtani would go on to have a 2021 season widely considered to be historic, as he became the first in the history of MLB with 10+ home runs and 20+ stolen bases as a hitter and 100+ strikeouts and 10+ pitching appearances as a pitcher in the same season while also holding at least a share of the major league lead in home runs in fourteen starts. Because of his elite contributions both offensively and as a pitcher, a rarity for two-way players, Ohtani's peak is widely considered among the greatest in baseball history, with some comparing it favorably to the early career of Babe Ruth. For his efforts, he was awarded the 2021 American League Most Valuable Player Award. He followed this in 2022 by becoming the first player in the modern era to qualify for both the hitting and pitching leaderboards in one season, reaching the limits of 3.1 plate appearances and one inning pitched per game with 586 at bats against 166 innings pitched.
Internationally, Ohtani also represented Japan in the 2023 World Baseball Classic, winning the MVP Award for the tournament following Team Japan's victory over Team USA. Please give me a short bulleted list of the key arguments the Shohei Ohtani in his career. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the all time leading passer in the NFL?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "As of 2023, Tom Brady is NFL's all-time regular season career passing yards leader with 89,214 . He also holds the playoff record with 13,400 yards for a combined total of 102,614. Tom Brady also holds the all time record for number of Passing Touchdowns with 649.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the all time leading passer in the NFL? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Megan Rapinoe's soccer jersey number?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "15",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Megan Rapinoe's soccer jersey number? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Heads I Win, Tails You Lose (Italian: Testa o Croce, also known as Heads or Tails) is a 1982 Italian comedy film written and directed by Nanni Loy.\n\nThe film consists in two back-to-back stories that deals with two \"taboo\" themes, the celibacy of the clergy in the episode of Renato Pozzetto and the homosexuality in the one with Nino Manfredi. Given this paragraph, who wrote and directed Heads I Win, Tails You Lose",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Based on this passage of text, Nanni Loy wrote and directed the movie Heads I Win, Tails You Lose.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Heads I Win, Tails You Lose (Italian: Testa o Croce, also known as Heads or Tails) is a 1982 Italian comedy film written and directed by Nanni Loy.
The film consists in two back-to-back stories that deals with two "taboo" themes, the celibacy of the clergy in the episode of Renato Pozzetto and the homosexuality in the one with Nino Manfredi. Given this paragraph, who wrote and directed Heads I Win, Tails You Lose |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are snowshoes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Snowshoes provide a way for people to walk on top of snow without sinking in by spreading their weight over a wider surface than typical shoes. The typical snowshoe is made of metal or wood, has a strap for attaching regular shoes or boots, and often also has some sharp grip at the bottom to help prevent slipping on ice.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are snowshoes? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Using the semiconductor technology of its day, Intel's engineers weren't able to translate the design into a very efficient first implementation. Along with the lack of optimization in a premature Ada compiler, this contributed to rather slow but expensive computer systems, performing typical benchmarks at roughly 1/4 the speed of the new 80286 chip at the same clock frequency (in early 1982). This initial performance gap to the rather low-profile and low-priced 8086 line was probably the main reason why Intel's plan to replace the latter (later known as x86) with the iAPX 432 failed. Although engineers saw ways to improve a next generation design, the iAPX 432 capability architecture had now started to be regarded more as an implementation overhead rather than as the simplifying support it was intended to be What are the stated main reasons the iAPX432 architecture failed?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The many features included resulted in a very complex processor that was difficult to manufacture. The complexity also resulted in a very slow and expensive processor which was not competitive in the market. The initial failure cast doubt on the entire approach taken to develop a new architecture, making further iterations to improve the processor more difficult.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Using the semiconductor technology of its day, Intel's engineers weren't able to translate the design into a very efficient first implementation. Along with the lack of optimization in a premature Ada compiler, this contributed to rather slow but expensive computer systems, performing typical benchmarks at roughly 1/4 the speed of the new 80286 chip at the same clock frequency (in early 1982). This initial performance gap to the rather low-profile and low-priced 8086 line was probably the main reason why Intel's plan to replace the latter (later known as x86) with the iAPX 432 failed. Although engineers saw ways to improve a next generation design, the iAPX 432 capability architecture had now started to be regarded more as an implementation overhead rather than as the simplifying support it was intended to be What are the stated main reasons the iAPX432 architecture failed? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the 13 villages in Newton, Massachusetts?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Unlike many cities that have a single downtown and town center, the City of Newton, Massachusetts is divided into thirteen distinct villages with its own center. The thirteen villages are: \n\n* Auburndale\n* Chestnut Hill\n* Newton Centre\n* Newton Corner\n* Newton Highlands\n* Newton Lower Falls\n* Newton Upper Falls\n* Newtonville\n* Nonantum \n* Oak Hill \n* Thompsonville\n* Waban\n* West Newton",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the 13 villages in Newton, Massachusetts? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Elemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals. Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the boiling point of magnesium in celsius?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The boiling point of magnesium is 1,090 °C.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Elemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals. Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the boiling point of magnesium in celsius? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th centuries, the American Enlightenment led these colonies to revolution, and declaring full independence in July 1776. With victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War the former colonies were confirmed as the new United States of America. Just prior to declaring independence, the Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: New England (New Hampshire; Massachusetts; Rhode Island; Connecticut); Middle (New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware); Southern (Maryland; Virginia; North Carolina; South Carolina; and Georgia). The Thirteen Colonies came to have very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, dominated by Protestant English-speakers. The first of these colonies was Virginia Colony in 1607, a Southern colony. While all these colonies needed to become economically viable, the founding of the New England colonies, as well as the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania, were substantially motivated by their founders' concerns related to the practice of religion. The other colonies were founded for business and economic expansion. The Middle Colonies were established on an earlier Dutch colony, New Netherland. All the Thirteen Colonies were part of Britain's possessions in the New World, which also included territory in Canada, Florida, and the Caribbean. How many and which states were US Colonies?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There were 13 British Colonies that became States in the United States of America in 1776: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th centuries, the American Enlightenment led these colonies to revolution, and declaring full independence in July 1776. With victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War the former colonies were confirmed as the new United States of America. Just prior to declaring independence, the Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: New England (New Hampshire; Massachusetts; Rhode Island; Connecticut); Middle (New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware); Southern (Maryland; Virginia; North Carolina; South Carolina; and Georgia). The Thirteen Colonies came to have very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, dominated by Protestant English-speakers. The first of these colonies was Virginia Colony in 1607, a Southern colony. While all these colonies needed to become economically viable, the founding of the New England colonies, as well as the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania, were substantially motivated by their founders' concerns related to the practice of religion. The other colonies were founded for business and economic expansion. The Middle Colonies were established on an earlier Dutch colony, New Netherland. All the Thirteen Colonies were part of Britain's possessions in the New World, which also included territory in Canada, Florida, and the Caribbean. How many and which states were US Colonies? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of these as a cereal grain or legume: wheat, lentils, chickpeas, rye, corn, soybeans, peas, millet",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cereal grains: Wheat, rye, corn, millet\nLegumes: Lentils, chickpeas, soybeans, peas",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of these as a cereal grain or legume: wheat, lentils, chickpeas, rye, corn, soybeans, peas, millet |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Terror Bird, Narwhal",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Terror Bird is extinct, Narwhal is alive.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Terror Bird, Narwhal |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a genome-wide association study (GWAS)?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In genomics, a genome-wide association study (GWA study, or GWAS), is an observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait. GWA studies typically focus on associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and traits like major human diseases, but can equally be applied to any other genetic variants and any other organisms.\n\nWhen applied to human data, GWA studies compare the DNA of participants having varying phenotypes for a particular trait or disease. These participants may be people with a disease (cases) and similar people without the disease (controls), or they may be people with different phenotypes for a particular trait, for example blood pressure. This approach is known as phenotype-first, in which the participants are classified first by their clinical manifestation(s), as opposed to genotype-first. Each person gives a sample of DNA, from which millions of genetic variants are read using SNP arrays. If there is significant statistical evidence that one type of the variant (one allele) is more frequent in people with the disease, the variant is said to be associated with the disease. The associated SNPs are then considered to mark a region of the human genome that may influence the risk of disease.\n\nGWA studies investigate the entire genome, in contrast to methods that specifically test a small number of pre-specified genetic regions. Hence, GWAS is a non-candidate-driven approach, in contrast to gene-specific candidate-driven studies. GWA studies identify SNPs and other variants in DNA associated with a disease, but they cannot on their own specify which genes are causal.\n\nThe first successful GWAS published in 2002 studied myocardial infarction. This study design was then implemented in the landmark GWA 2005 study investigating patients with age-related macular degeneration, and found two SNPs with significantly altered allele frequency compared to healthy controls. As of 2017, over 3,000 human GWA studies have examined over 1,800 diseases and traits, and thousands of SNP associations have been found. Except in the case of rare genetic diseases, these associations are very weak, but while they may not explain much of the risk, they provide insight into genes and pathways that can be important.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a genome-wide association study (GWAS)? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Horse, Red deer",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Red deer is wild, Horse is domesticated",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Horse, Red deer |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Ways to Love a Man is a studio album by American country artist, Tammy Wynette. It was released on January 26, 1970 via Epic Records and was the seventh studio album in Wynette's career. The disc consisted of 11 tracks which included both original material and cover recordings. Its title track was the album's only single included. It became a number one song on the North American country charts while also reaching chart positions in other musical genres as well. The album itself also reached chart positions on the country albums chart following its release. Critics and journalists gave the album a positive reception in the years that followed. The album the ways to love a man by Tammy Wynette",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Ways to Love a Man is a studio album by American country artist, Tammy Wynette. It was released on January 26, 1970 via Epic Records and was the seventh studio album in Wynette's career. The disc consisted of 11 tracks which included both original material and cover recordings. \n\nIts title track was the album's only single included. It became a number one song on the North American country charts while also reaching chart positions in other musical genres as well. The album itself also reached chart positions on the country albums chart following its release. Critics and journalists gave the album a positive reception in the years that followed.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Ways to Love a Man is a studio album by American country artist, Tammy Wynette. It was released on January 26, 1970 via Epic Records and was the seventh studio album in Wynette's career. The disc consisted of 11 tracks which included both original material and cover recordings. Its title track was the album's only single included. It became a number one song on the North American country charts while also reaching chart positions in other musical genres as well. The album itself also reached chart positions on the country albums chart following its release. Critics and journalists gave the album a positive reception in the years that followed. The album the ways to love a man by Tammy Wynette |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year. When did Google purchase YouTube",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Google purchased YouTube in October 2006 for $1.65 billion",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year. When did Google purchase YouTube |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area\n\nOne of the primary causes of homelessness in the Bay Area is an insufficient supply of affordable housing. Mass homelessness has several contributing factors, including: \"Economic Dislocation\", \"Reduced Social Safety Nets\", \"Failed Housing Policy\", \"Mass Incarceration\", \"Family Instability\", and other \"Individual Causes\" including mental health and physical wellness. Reasons cited for homelessness in the 2019 survey commissioned by the City of San Francisco include job loss (26%), alcohol/drug use (18%), eviction (13%), argument/asked to leave by friend/family (12%), mental health issues (8%), and divorce/separation (5%). 70% of people homeless in San Francisco in 2019 reported most recently becoming homeless while living in San Francisco: 22% came from another county within California, and 8% came from another state. However, of the 70% who had become homeless while living in San Francisco, 45% had only been in San Francisco for ten years or less, and 6% had only been in San Francisco for one year or less. Reasons for coming from outside San Francisco at the time of homelessness include seeking a job (25%), LGBTQ acceptance (11%), accessing homeless services (22%), was visiting and decided to stay (17%), accessing VA services or clinic (5%), and family/friends are here (13%). Based on the reference text, what were the main reasons homeless people from outside of San Francisco went to San Francisco?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The reasons homeless people not from San Francisco went to San Francisco include:\n1. Seeking a job\n2. LGBTQ acceptance\n3. Accessing homeless services\n4. Was visiting and decided to stay\n5. Family or friends live in San Francisco\n6. Accessing VA services or clinic",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area
One of the primary causes of homelessness in the Bay Area is an insufficient supply of affordable housing. Mass homelessness has several contributing factors, including: "Economic Dislocation", "Reduced Social Safety Nets", "Failed Housing Policy", "Mass Incarceration", "Family Instability", and other "Individual Causes" including mental health and physical wellness. Reasons cited for homelessness in the 2019 survey commissioned by the City of San Francisco include job loss (26%), alcohol/drug use (18%), eviction (13%), argument/asked to leave by friend/family (12%), mental health issues (8%), and divorce/separation (5%). 70% of people homeless in San Francisco in 2019 reported most recently becoming homeless while living in San Francisco: 22% came from another county within California, and 8% came from another state. However, of the 70% who had become homeless while living in San Francisco, 45% had only been in San Francisco for ten years or less, and 6% had only been in San Francisco for one year or less. Reasons for coming from outside San Francisco at the time of homelessness include seeking a job (25%), LGBTQ acceptance (11%), accessing homeless services (22%), was visiting and decided to stay (17%), accessing VA services or clinic (5%), and family/friends are here (13%). Based on the reference text, what were the main reasons homeless people from outside of San Francisco went to San Francisco? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Jeffrey Preston Bezos (/ˈbeɪzoʊs/ BAY-zohss; né Jorgensen; born January 12, 1964) is an American entrepreneur, media proprietor, investor, and commercial astronaut. He is the founder, executive chairman, and former president and CEO of Amazon. With a net worth of US$121 billion as of March 2023, Bezos is the third-wealthiest person in the world and was the wealthiest from 2017 to 2021, according to both Bloomberg's Billionaires Index and Forbes.\n\nBorn in Albuquerque and raised in Houston and Miami, Bezos graduated from Princeton University in 1986. He holds a degree in electrical engineering and computer science. He worked on Wall Street in a variety of related fields from 1986 to early 1994. Bezos founded Amazon in late 1994 on a road trip from New York City to Seattle. The company began as an online bookstore and has since expanded to a variety of other e-commerce products and services, including video and audio streaming, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. It is the world's largest online sales company, the largest Internet company by revenue, and the largest provider of virtual assistants and cloud infrastructure services through its Amazon Web Services branch.\n\nBezos founded the aerospace manufacturer and sub-orbital spaceflight services company Blue Origin in 2000. Blue Origin's New Shepard vehicle reached space in 2015 and afterwards successfully landed back on Earth; he flew into space on Blue Origin NS-16 in 2021. He also purchased the major American newspaper The Washington Post in 2013 for $250 million and manages many other investments through his venture capital firm, Bezos Expeditions. In September 2021, Bezos co-founded biotechnology company Altos Labs with Mail.ru founder Yuri Milner.\n\nThe first centibillionaire on the Forbes Real Time Billionaires Index and the second ever to have eclipsed the feat since Bill Gates in 1999, Bezos was named the \"richest man in modern history\" after his net worth increased to $150 billion in July 2018. In August 2020, according to Forbes, he had a net worth exceeding $200 billion. In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, his wealth grew by approximately $24 billion. On July 5, 2021, Bezos stepped down as the CEO and president of Amazon and took over the role of executive chairman. AWS CEO Andy Jassy succeeded Bezos as the CEO and president of Amazon. In September 2022, he was ranked second on the Forbes 400 list of wealthiest Americans with a net worth of $151 billion. Where was Jeff Bezos born?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jeffrey Preston Bezos, born January 12, 1964, is an American entrepreneur, media proprietor, investor, and commercial astronaut. He is the founder, executive chairman, and former president and CEO of Amazon. With a net worth of US$121 billion as of March 2023, Bezos is the third-wealthiest person in the world and was the wealthiest from 2017 to 2021, according to both Bloomberg's Billionaires Index and Forbes.\n\nBorn in Albuquerque and raised in Houston and Miami, Bezos graduated from Princeton University in 1986. He holds a degree in electrical engineering and computer science. He worked on Wall Street in a variety of related fields from 1986 to early 1994. Bezos founded Amazon in late 1994 on a road trip from New York City to Seattle. The company began as an online bookstore and has since expanded to a variety of other e-commerce products and services, including video and audio streaming, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. It is the world's largest online sales company, the largest Internet company by revenue, and the largest provider of virtual assistants and cloud infrastructure services through its Amazon Web Services branch.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Jeffrey Preston Bezos (/ˈbeɪzoʊs/ BAY-zohss; né Jorgensen; born January 12, 1964) is an American entrepreneur, media proprietor, investor, and commercial astronaut. He is the founder, executive chairman, and former president and CEO of Amazon. With a net worth of US$121 billion as of March 2023, Bezos is the third-wealthiest person in the world and was the wealthiest from 2017 to 2021, according to both Bloomberg's Billionaires Index and Forbes.
Born in Albuquerque and raised in Houston and Miami, Bezos graduated from Princeton University in 1986. He holds a degree in electrical engineering and computer science. He worked on Wall Street in a variety of related fields from 1986 to early 1994. Bezos founded Amazon in late 1994 on a road trip from New York City to Seattle. The company began as an online bookstore and has since expanded to a variety of other e-commerce products and services, including video and audio streaming, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. It is the world's largest online sales company, the largest Internet company by revenue, and the largest provider of virtual assistants and cloud infrastructure services through its Amazon Web Services branch.
Bezos founded the aerospace manufacturer and sub-orbital spaceflight services company Blue Origin in 2000. Blue Origin's New Shepard vehicle reached space in 2015 and afterwards successfully landed back on Earth; he flew into space on Blue Origin NS-16 in 2021. He also purchased the major American newspaper The Washington Post in 2013 for $250 million and manages many other investments through his venture capital firm, Bezos Expeditions. In September 2021, Bezos co-founded biotechnology company Altos Labs with Mail.ru founder Yuri Milner.
The first centibillionaire on the Forbes Real Time Billionaires Index and the second ever to have eclipsed the feat since Bill Gates in 1999, Bezos was named the "richest man in modern history" after his net worth increased to $150 billion in July 2018. In August 2020, according to Forbes, he had a net worth exceeding $200 billion. In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, his wealth grew by approximately $24 billion. On July 5, 2021, Bezos stepped down as the CEO and president of Amazon and took over the role of executive chairman. AWS CEO Andy Jassy succeeded Bezos as the CEO and president of Amazon. In September 2022, he was ranked second on the Forbes 400 list of wealthiest Americans with a net worth of $151 billion. Where was Jeff Bezos born? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What’s your favorite way to spend a day off?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "My favorite way to spend a day off is to spend it with my family and friends. I love to take long walks with my dog, go for bike rides, and spend time outdoors with my family. I also love to read, write, and catch up on my favorite shows.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What’s your favorite way to spend a day off? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Lotus Mark IX (1955) was an aluminium-bodied sports racing car manufactured by Lotus Engineering Ltd. About thirty of the Mark IX sports racing cars were made. It was closely related to the Lotus model Mark VIII (1954), of which only about seven cars were made. These cars were largely based on the innovative space frame of the Lotus Mark VI (1952). The highly aerodynamic bodies were designed by Frank Costin and constructed by Williams & Pritchard Limited.\n\nDuring this early era, of 1954–1955, Lotus Engineering was still a fledgling company, and cars were delivered in different states of completion on special orders. Similar to the Mark VIII, the Mark IX was available in various configurations and different engines, including the 1500 cc MG, 1500 cc Connaught and 2-litre Bristol were fitted. However, the Mark IX designation is most often powered by the 1100 cc Coventry Climax engine. Apparently, two models of Mark IX were offered – the \"Club\" and the \"Le Mans\", the latter of which had larger drum brakes fitted. Given a reference text about Lotus Mark IX, who designed the car?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Lotus Mark IX was designed by Frank Costin.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Lotus Mark IX (1955) was an aluminium-bodied sports racing car manufactured by Lotus Engineering Ltd. About thirty of the Mark IX sports racing cars were made. It was closely related to the Lotus model Mark VIII (1954), of which only about seven cars were made. These cars were largely based on the innovative space frame of the Lotus Mark VI (1952). The highly aerodynamic bodies were designed by Frank Costin and constructed by Williams & Pritchard Limited.
During this early era, of 1954–1955, Lotus Engineering was still a fledgling company, and cars were delivered in different states of completion on special orders. Similar to the Mark VIII, the Mark IX was available in various configurations and different engines, including the 1500 cc MG, 1500 cc Connaught and 2-litre Bristol were fitted. However, the Mark IX designation is most often powered by the 1100 cc Coventry Climax engine. Apparently, two models of Mark IX were offered – the "Club" and the "Le Mans", the latter of which had larger drum brakes fitted. Given a reference text about Lotus Mark IX, who designed the car? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some of the best things to do in Fort Collins, Colorado?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fort Collins has many fun things to do with its proximity to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, a vibrant downtown area, and the many world class breweries in and around town. Outdoors highlights include hikes in Lorry State Park, Horsetooth Reservoir, and a climb to Horsetooth Rock that overlooks the city. Be sure to take a walk out Old Town, where you can grab a coffee at Little Bird and shop at the many boutiques. Lastly, be sure to check out New Belgium or Odell Brewing, which are just two of the more than twenty breweries in Fort Collins.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some of the best things to do in Fort Collins, Colorado? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is India's rank in Global Gender Gap Index 2022",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "135 out of 146 countries",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is India's rank in Global Gender Gap Index 2022 |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is muscular hypertrophy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Muscular hypertrophy is the process of increasing the size of muscles.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is muscular hypertrophy? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a covalent bond?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A covalent bond is a bond where electrons are shared between atoms. An example of a covalent bond is H2O, or water.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a covalent bond? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What did batteries get invented?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Volta invented the first battery around 1800. It worked by storing and releasing a charge of energy caused by a chemical reaction. Since this time batteries have only improved with time. Around the end of the 19th century batteries were a primary source of electricity for electric grids. With continuous future improvements to batteries they were being used in most consumer electronics like phones, computers and televisions.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What did batteries get invented? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me some ideas for party games at a child's birthday.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some classic children's party games are Pass the Parcel, Musical Chairs, Pin the Tail on the Donkey, Sack Race, Treasure Hunt.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me some ideas for party games at a child's birthday. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738.Although Bernoulli deduced that pressure decreases when the flow speed increases, it was Leonhard Euler in 1752 who derived Bernoulli's equation in its usual form. The principle is only applicable for isentropic flows: when the effects of irreversible processes (like turbulence) and non-adiabatic processes (e.g. thermal radiation) are small and can be neglected.\nBernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid is the same at all points that are free of viscous forces. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy remains constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid—implying an increase in its kinetic energy (dynamic pressure)—occurs with a simultaneous decrease in (the sum of) its potential energy (including the static pressure) and internal energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir, the sum of all forms of energy is the same because in a reservoir the energy per unit volume (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential ρ g h) is the same everywhere.\nBernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Isaac Newton's second Law of Motion. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline.\nFluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest. Summarise Bernoulli's principle based on the following paragraphs.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738.Although Bernoulli deduced that pressure decreases when the flow speed increases, it was Leonhard Euler in 1752 who derived Bernoulli's equation in its usual form. The principle is only applicable for isentropic flows: when the effects of irreversible processes (like turbulence) and non-adiabatic processes (e.g. thermal radiation) are small and can be neglected.
Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid is the same at all points that are free of viscous forces. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy remains constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid—implying an increase in its kinetic energy (dynamic pressure)—occurs with a simultaneous decrease in (the sum of) its potential energy (including the static pressure) and internal energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir, the sum of all forms of energy is the same because in a reservoir the energy per unit volume (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential ρ g h) is the same everywhere.
Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Isaac Newton's second Law of Motion. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline.
Fluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest. Summarise Bernoulli's principle based on the following paragraphs. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the capital of Maine?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Augusta is the capital of Maine",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the capital of Maine? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the following based on the category of signals they use.\nradio waves, television waves, sound waves, Computers, Digital Phones, Digital pens",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Analog signal- radio waves, television waves, sound waves\nDigital signal- Computers, Digital Phones, Digital pens",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the following based on the category of signals they use.
radio waves, television waves, sound waves, Computers, Digital Phones, Digital pens |
summarization | [
{
"content": "A standing wheelchair (also known as a standing chair, a wheeled stander or a stander) is assistive technology, similar to a standing frame, that allows a wheelchair user to raise the chair from a seated to a standing position. The standing wheelchair supports the person in a standing position and enables interaction with people and objects at eye level.\n\nTypes and function\nStanding wheelchairs can be either manually operated, have power-operated wheels but manual lifting mechanisms or be fully powered with, for example, hydraulic lifting mechanisms. They are used both to achieve regular mobility and to stand the person up using hydraulics or other power sources. Some standing wheelchairs may be driven from the standing position, however there is some medical concern of an increased risk of long bone fractures while driving due to the legs being under a heavy load. What is a standing wheelchair?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A standing wheelchair is assistive technology that allows a wheelchair user to riase the char from a seated to a standing position.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A standing wheelchair (also known as a standing chair, a wheeled stander or a stander) is assistive technology, similar to a standing frame, that allows a wheelchair user to raise the chair from a seated to a standing position. The standing wheelchair supports the person in a standing position and enables interaction with people and objects at eye level.
Types and function
Standing wheelchairs can be either manually operated, have power-operated wheels but manual lifting mechanisms or be fully powered with, for example, hydraulic lifting mechanisms. They are used both to achieve regular mobility and to stand the person up using hydraulics or other power sources. Some standing wheelchairs may be driven from the standing position, however there is some medical concern of an increased risk of long bone fractures while driving due to the legs being under a heavy load. What is a standing wheelchair? |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.