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information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The cost of building a house varies by country widely. According to data from the National Association of Realtors, the median cost of buying an existing single-family house in the United States is $274,600, whereas the average cost to build is $296,652. Several different factors can impact the cost of building a house, including the size of the dwelling, the location, and availability of resources, the slope of the land, the quality of the fixtures and fittings, and the difficulty in finding construction and building materials talent Extract the factors that influence the cost of building a house",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The factors that influence the cost of building a house are, the size of the dwelling, the location, and availability of resources, the slope of the land, the quality of the fixtures and fittings, and the difficulty in finding construction and building materials talent",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The cost of building a house varies by country widely. According to data from the National Association of Realtors, the median cost of buying an existing single-family house in the United States is $274,600, whereas the average cost to build is $296,652. Several different factors can impact the cost of building a house, including the size of the dwelling, the location, and availability of resources, the slope of the land, the quality of the fixtures and fittings, and the difficulty in finding construction and building materials talent Extract the factors that influence the cost of building a house |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name some of the popular gaming consoles in the 2020s",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "PlayStation 5, Xbox series X, Nintendo Switch, and Steam Deck",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name some of the popular gaming consoles in the 2020s |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the common personality traits of cats?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cats are all individuals, they each may have different personality traits. Some common personality traits that humans typically ascribe to cats include loving, standoffish, active, aloof, playful, and compassionate.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the common personality traits of cats? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Elden Ring takes place in the Lands Between, a fictional landmass ruled over by several demigods. It was previously ruled over by the immortal Queen Marika, who acted as keeper of the Elden Ring, a powerful force that manifested as the physical concept of order. When Marika eventually shattered the Elden Ring and disappeared, her demigod children began warring over pieces of the Ring in an event called the Shattering. Each demigod possesses a shard of the Ring called a Great Rune, which corrupts them with power. In the game, the player character is a Tarnished, one of a group of exiles from the Lands Between who are summoned back after the Shattering. As one of the Tarnished, the player must traverse the realm to repair the Elden Ring and become the Elden Lord. From the passage provided, what is the name of the group that the player character is a part of?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The player character is a Tarnished.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Elden Ring takes place in the Lands Between, a fictional landmass ruled over by several demigods. It was previously ruled over by the immortal Queen Marika, who acted as keeper of the Elden Ring, a powerful force that manifested as the physical concept of order. When Marika eventually shattered the Elden Ring and disappeared, her demigod children began warring over pieces of the Ring in an event called the Shattering. Each demigod possesses a shard of the Ring called a Great Rune, which corrupts them with power. In the game, the player character is a Tarnished, one of a group of exiles from the Lands Between who are summoned back after the Shattering. As one of the Tarnished, the player must traverse the realm to repair the Elden Ring and become the Elden Lord. From the passage provided, what is the name of the group that the player character is a part of? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The system was proclaimed complete in 1992, but two of the original Interstates—I-95 and I-70—were not continuous: both of these discontinuities were due to local opposition, which blocked efforts to build the necessary connections to fully complete the system. I-95 was made a continuous freeway in 2018, and thus I-70 remains the only original Interstate with a discontinuity.\n\nI-95 was discontinuous in New Jersey because of the cancellation of the Somerset Freeway. This situation was remedied when the construction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project started in 2010 and partially opened on September 22, 2018, which was already enough to fill the gap.\n\nHowever, I-70 remains discontinuous in Pennsylvania, because of the lack of a direct interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike at the eastern end of the concurrency near Breezewood. Traveling in either direction, I-70 traffic must exit the freeway and use a short stretch of US-30 (which includes a number of roadside services) to rejoin I-70. The interchange was not originally built because of a legacy federal funding rule, since relaxed, which restricted the use of federal funds to improve roads financed with tolls. Solutions have been proposed to eliminate the discontinuity, but they have been blocked by local opposition, fearing a loss of business. Given this paragraph, which two US interstates were not originally continuous? Have they now been made continuous?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The two discontinuous interstates were the I-95 and the I-70. The I-95 was discontinuous up until September 22, 2018 when the construction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate was completed. The I-70, however, remains discontinuous.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The system was proclaimed complete in 1992, but two of the original Interstates—I-95 and I-70—were not continuous: both of these discontinuities were due to local opposition, which blocked efforts to build the necessary connections to fully complete the system. I-95 was made a continuous freeway in 2018, and thus I-70 remains the only original Interstate with a discontinuity.
I-95 was discontinuous in New Jersey because of the cancellation of the Somerset Freeway. This situation was remedied when the construction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project started in 2010 and partially opened on September 22, 2018, which was already enough to fill the gap.
However, I-70 remains discontinuous in Pennsylvania, because of the lack of a direct interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike at the eastern end of the concurrency near Breezewood. Traveling in either direction, I-70 traffic must exit the freeway and use a short stretch of US-30 (which includes a number of roadside services) to rejoin I-70. The interchange was not originally built because of a legacy federal funding rule, since relaxed, which restricted the use of federal funds to improve roads financed with tolls. Solutions have been proposed to eliminate the discontinuity, but they have been blocked by local opposition, fearing a loss of business. Given this paragraph, which two US interstates were not originally continuous? Have they now been made continuous? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Pfizer Inc. (/ˈfaɪzər/ FY-zər) is an American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered on 42nd Street in Manhattan, New York City. The company was established in 1849 in New York by two German entrepreneurs, Charles Pfizer (1824–1906) and his cousin Charles F. Erhart (1821–1891).\n\nPfizer develops and produces medicines and vaccines for immunology, oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology. The company's largest products by sales are the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine ($37 billion in 2022 revenues), Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir ($18 billion in 2022 revenues), Apixaban ($6 billion in 2022 revenues), a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ($6 billion in 2022 revenues), and Palbociclib ($5 billion in 2022 revenues). In 2022, 42% of the company's revenues came from the United States, 8% came from Japan, and 50% came from other countries.\n\nPfizer was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average stock market index from 2004 to August 2020. The company ranks 43rd on the Fortune 500 and 43rd on the Forbes Global 2000. Using the following text, list the top 4 drugs by revenue for Pfizer in 2022?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine\n2. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir \n3. Apixaban \n4. Palbociclib",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pfizer Inc. (/ˈfaɪzər/ FY-zər) is an American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered on 42nd Street in Manhattan, New York City. The company was established in 1849 in New York by two German entrepreneurs, Charles Pfizer (1824–1906) and his cousin Charles F. Erhart (1821–1891).
Pfizer develops and produces medicines and vaccines for immunology, oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology. The company's largest products by sales are the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine ($37 billion in 2022 revenues), Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir ($18 billion in 2022 revenues), Apixaban ($6 billion in 2022 revenues), a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ($6 billion in 2022 revenues), and Palbociclib ($5 billion in 2022 revenues). In 2022, 42% of the company's revenues came from the United States, 8% came from Japan, and 50% came from other countries.
Pfizer was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average stock market index from 2004 to August 2020. The company ranks 43rd on the Fortune 500 and 43rd on the Forbes Global 2000. Using the following text, list the top 4 drugs by revenue for Pfizer in 2022? |
classification | [
{
"content": "How many toes does a cat have?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A cat typically has five toes: four on its paw pad and one smaller one on the side of its arm called the declaw. Some cats are polydactyl, which means they could have more than the average number of toes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many toes does a cat have? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Prokaryotic ribosomes are around 20 nm (200 Å) in diameter and are composed of 65% rRNA and 35% ribosomal proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter with an rRNA-to-protein ratio that is close to 1. Crystallographic work has shown that there are no ribosomal proteins close to the reaction site for polypeptide synthesis. This suggests that the protein components of ribosomes do not directly participate in peptide bond formation catalysis, but rather that these proteins act as a scaffold that may enhance the ability of rRNA to synthesize protein (See: Ribozyme). From the passage provided, extract the diameter of eukaryotic ribosomes.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Prokaryotic ribosomes are around 20 nm (200 Å) in diameter and are composed of 65% rRNA and 35% ribosomal proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter with an rRNA-to-protein ratio that is close to 1. Crystallographic work has shown that there are no ribosomal proteins close to the reaction site for polypeptide synthesis. This suggests that the protein components of ribosomes do not directly participate in peptide bond formation catalysis, but rather that these proteins act as a scaffold that may enhance the ability of rRNA to synthesize protein (See: Ribozyme). From the passage provided, extract the diameter of eukaryotic ribosomes. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Can you tell me what of these are capital cities of their respective countries? Manchester, Madrid, Paris, Milan, London and Munich",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A capital city is the city where the government of the country resides. From the previous lists only Madrid, Paris and London are capital cities. Manchester, Milan and Munich are large and important cities in Europe but they are not their country's capital. Some cities like Milan might be consider their country's economic capital as they are the main economic hub of Italy but they are still not their capital city which is Rome.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Can you tell me what of these are capital cities of their respective countries? Manchester, Madrid, Paris, Milan, London and Munich |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "List the ten episode titles from the second season of \"Game of Thrones\" in broadcast order.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The North Remembers, The Night Lands, What is Dead May Never Die, Garden of Bones, The Ghost of Harrenhal, The Old Gods and the New, A Man Without Honor, The Prince of Winterfell, Blackwater, Valar Morghulis",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List the ten episode titles from the second season of "Game of Thrones" in broadcast order. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Nintendo was founded in 1889 as Nintendo Karuta by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. After venturing into various lines of business during the 1960s and acquiring a legal status as a public company, Nintendo distributed its first console, the Color TV-Game, in 1977. It gained international recognition with the release of Donkey Kong in 1981 and the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Mario Bros. in 1985. Given this reference text about a video game, when was Donkey Kong released?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1981",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Nintendo was founded in 1889 as Nintendo Karuta by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. After venturing into various lines of business during the 1960s and acquiring a legal status as a public company, Nintendo distributed its first console, the Color TV-Game, in 1977. It gained international recognition with the release of Donkey Kong in 1981 and the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Mario Bros. in 1985. Given this reference text about a video game, when was Donkey Kong released? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether each food item is high or low in protein: steak, chicken, egg, strawberry, watermelon, carrot",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Steak: High in Protein\nChicken: High in Protein\nEgg: High in Protein\nStrawberry: Low in Protein\nWatermelon: Low in Protein\nCarrot: Low in Protein",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether each food item is high or low in protein: steak, chicken, egg, strawberry, watermelon, carrot |
classification | [
{
"content": "If you are traveling outside the country, categorize each of the following as either: ‘Mandatory’, ‘Good to have’, ‘Least important’. Passport, Cash of the country visiting, Power bank, Book, Pen, Laptop",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mandatory: Passport\nGood to have: Cash of the country visiting, Powerbank\nLeast important: Book, Pen, Laptop",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| If you are traveling outside the country, categorize each of the following as either: ‘Mandatory’, ‘Good to have’, ‘Least important’. Passport, Cash of the country visiting, Power bank, Book, Pen, Laptop |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Musk attended Waterkloof House Preparatory School, Bryanston High School, and Pretoria Boys High School, from which he graduated. Musk applied for a Canadian passport through his Canadian-born mother, knowing that it would be easier to immigrate to the United States this way. While waiting for his application to be processed, he attended the University of Pretoria for five months.\n\nMusk arrived in Canada in June 1989 and lived with a second cousin in Saskatchewan for a year, working odd jobs at a farm and lumber mill. In 1990, he entered Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. Two years later, he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), where he completed studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics and a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from the Wharton School. Although Musk claims he earned the degrees in 1995, UPenn maintains it awarded them in 1997. He reportedly hosted large, ticketed house parties to help pay for tuition, and wrote a business plan for an electronic book-scanning service similar to Google Books.\n\nIn 1994, Musk held two internships in Silicon Valley: one at the energy storage startup Pinnacle Research Institute, which investigated electrolytic ultracapacitors for energy storage, and another at the Palo Alto–based startup Rocket Science Games. In 1995, he was accepted to a PhD program in materials science at Stanford University. However, Musk decided to join the Internet boom, instead dropping out two days after being accepted and applied for a job at Netscape, to which he reportedly never received a response. From the passage mention the different educational institutions which Musk attended. Display the results in comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Waterkloof House Preparatory School, Bryanston High School, Pretoria Boys High School, University of Pretoria, Queen's University, University of Pennsylvania (UPenn)",
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}
]
| Musk attended Waterkloof House Preparatory School, Bryanston High School, and Pretoria Boys High School, from which he graduated. Musk applied for a Canadian passport through his Canadian-born mother, knowing that it would be easier to immigrate to the United States this way. While waiting for his application to be processed, he attended the University of Pretoria for five months.
Musk arrived in Canada in June 1989 and lived with a second cousin in Saskatchewan for a year, working odd jobs at a farm and lumber mill. In 1990, he entered Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. Two years later, he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), where he completed studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics and a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from the Wharton School. Although Musk claims he earned the degrees in 1995, UPenn maintains it awarded them in 1997. He reportedly hosted large, ticketed house parties to help pay for tuition, and wrote a business plan for an electronic book-scanning service similar to Google Books.
In 1994, Musk held two internships in Silicon Valley: one at the energy storage startup Pinnacle Research Institute, which investigated electrolytic ultracapacitors for energy storage, and another at the Palo Alto–based startup Rocket Science Games. In 1995, he was accepted to a PhD program in materials science at Stanford University. However, Musk decided to join the Internet boom, instead dropping out two days after being accepted and applied for a job at Netscape, to which he reportedly never received a response. From the passage mention the different educational institutions which Musk attended. Display the results in comma separated format. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Who is the Aston Martin formula 1 team principal?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Aston Martin Aramco Team Principal is Mike Krack",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the Aston Martin formula 1 team principal? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "What watch should I buy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Purchasing a wristwatch is based on your individual desires, preferences and budget. You can purchase ultra high end watches like Patek Phillipe, Rolex and Richard Mille. There are popular tool watches such as Omega Seamaster and the Rolex Submariner which are both great starter watches for collectors. Watch prices vary based on price, materials and the movement. Quartz movement has become a popular alternative to Automatic or Manual watches however watch enthusiasts prefer to have a self-winding watch.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What watch should I buy? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What would make my tzatziki sauce truly exceptional?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tzatziki is a traditional Greek sauce whose base ingredients comprise salted strained yoghurt, garlic, grated cucumber, dill leaves, and olive oil.\nTo make your tzatziki truly exceptional follow the steps below:\n1) Start by squeezing as much as possible the water out of half a cucumber that has been grated. This is the single most important factor that will make your tzatziki source exceptional.\n2) Fine-chop the dill leaves using a knife. The dill must be fresh. The volume of the chopped dill leaves should be about the same as the volume of the squeezed grated cucumber.\n3) Mix the cucumber and the dill with Greek strained yoghurt . The latter should have a volume that is three to four times that of the cucumber and dill.\n4) Add some salt and smashed cloves of fresh garlic.\n5) Add a couple of teaspoons of balsamic vinegar.\n6) While stirring the mix, gradually keep adding extra virgin olive oil until the sauce obtains a silky texture.\n7) Do not add any other ingredients in the mix.\n8) Place the mix in the fridge and keep it for a couple of hours and let chemistry do its magic.\n9) Remove the residual water, if any, which may have surfaced.\n10) Stir the mix once more final time and serve in smaller containers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What would make my tzatziki sauce truly exceptional? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Douglas Adams would have us believe that the answer to life, the universe and everything is forty-two. However he clearly hadn't anticipated the challenges of training large language models where an answer of such succinct elegance would have caused the LLM to stop dead in its tracks pretty quickly. On the other hand, assuming that the model was already trained and that even though Adam's supercomputer took seven and a half million years to come up with the answer forty-two, perhaps he was more prescient than even he realised at the time. It's quite a conundrum. Maybe his model was simply too large? Or maybe it was just the right size and it was the compute that was the issue? If Deep Thought had followed a distributed compute model perhaps involving all the planets of the universe, rather than simply relying on the Earth, which always seemed like a single node build, then perhaps his answer would have been richer in its philosophical content. Then again, perhaps a distributed model would simply have arrived at the answer forty-two a lot faster before the first micro-organisms showed up on earth and we wouldn't be here trying to answer this question now.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the answer to life, the universe and everything? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Under American securities law, there are two-time windows commonly referred to as \"quiet periods\" during an IPO's history. The first and the one linked above is the period of time following the filing of the company's S-1 but before SEC staff declare the registration statement effective. During this time, issuers, company insiders, analysts, and other parties are legally restricted in their ability to discuss or promote the upcoming IPO (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2005).\n\nThe other \"quiet period\" refers to a period of 10 calendar days following an IPO's first day of public trading. During this time, insiders and any underwriters involved in the IPO are restricted from issuing any earnings forecasts or research reports for the company. When the quiet period is over, generally the underwriters will initiate research coverage on the firm. A three-day waiting period exists for any member that has acted as a manager or co-manager in a secondary offering. Summarize what and when the quiet periods occur during an IPO.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are two quiet periods during an IPO during which company insiders cannot promote the IPO or issue information that might affect it. One is after the Form S-1 is filed but before the SEC approves it, and one is the 10 calendar days after an IPO's first day of trading.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Under American securities law, there are two-time windows commonly referred to as "quiet periods" during an IPO's history. The first and the one linked above is the period of time following the filing of the company's S-1 but before SEC staff declare the registration statement effective. During this time, issuers, company insiders, analysts, and other parties are legally restricted in their ability to discuss or promote the upcoming IPO (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2005).
The other "quiet period" refers to a period of 10 calendar days following an IPO's first day of public trading. During this time, insiders and any underwriters involved in the IPO are restricted from issuing any earnings forecasts or research reports for the company. When the quiet period is over, generally the underwriters will initiate research coverage on the firm. A three-day waiting period exists for any member that has acted as a manager or co-manager in a secondary offering. Summarize what and when the quiet periods occur during an IPO. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Bieh State (previously named Eastern Bieh State) was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Greater Upper Nile region and it bordered Fangak to the west, Central Upper Nile to the north, Latjoor and Akobo to the east, and Jonglei to the south.\n\nHistory\nOn 2 October 2015, President Salva Kiir issued a decree establishing 28 states in place of the 10 constitutionally established states. The decree established the new states largely along ethnic lines. A number of opposition parties and civil society groups challenged the constitutionality of the decree. Kiir later resolved to take it to parliament for approval as a constitutional amendment. In November the South Sudanese parliament empowered President Kiir to create new states. what is the Bieh State",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bieh State (previously named Eastern Bieh State) was in South Sudan between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Greater Upper Nile region, bordering Fangak to the west, Central Upper Nile to the north, Latjoor and Akobo to the east, and Jonglei to the south. On 2 October 2015, President Salva Kiir issued a decree establishing 28 states instead of the ten constitutionally established states. The legislation established the new states primarily along ethnic lines.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Bieh State (previously named Eastern Bieh State) was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Greater Upper Nile region and it bordered Fangak to the west, Central Upper Nile to the north, Latjoor and Akobo to the east, and Jonglei to the south.
History
On 2 October 2015, President Salva Kiir issued a decree establishing 28 states in place of the 10 constitutionally established states. The decree established the new states largely along ethnic lines. A number of opposition parties and civil society groups challenged the constitutionality of the decree. Kiir later resolved to take it to parliament for approval as a constitutional amendment. In November the South Sudanese parliament empowered President Kiir to create new states. what is the Bieh State |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name three different cuts of steak from a cow.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Three different cuts of steak from a cow are ribeye, sirloin, and filet.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name three different cuts of steak from a cow. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "At the collegiate level in the United States, the lightweight weight requirements can be different depending on competitive season. For fall regattas (typically head races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 165.0 lb. and 135.0 lb. for women. In the spring season (typically sprint races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 160.0 lb., with a boat average of 155.0 lb. for the crew; for women, the lightweight cutoff is 130.0 lb. What are the lightweight weight requirements at the collegiate level in the United States?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In the United States, the lightweight weight requirements differ based on the season. In the spring season, the lightweight cutoff for men is 160 pounds with a boat average of 155 pounds. The lightweight cutoff for women is 130 pounds.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| At the collegiate level in the United States, the lightweight weight requirements can be different depending on competitive season. For fall regattas (typically head races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 165.0 lb. and 135.0 lb. for women. In the spring season (typically sprint races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 160.0 lb., with a boat average of 155.0 lb. for the crew; for women, the lightweight cutoff is 130.0 lb. What are the lightweight weight requirements at the collegiate level in the United States? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are reaction channels popular on YouTube?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Reaction channels are a category of YouTube channels where one or more people consume media content, food, or drinks and share how they feel about it. These content creators are known as reactors. There are multiple reasons people might like them. Most commonly, people want to know how others feel about something they love. As social animals, human beings like being able to share experiences with others. Watching people have similar reactions to theirs validates their own lived experiences. Reaction channels can also serve as a way to get a review of media, food etc. without having to go out and try it for yourself which often requires an investment of time or money or both. In case you already agree with the reactors on other items, these reviews can prove to be more trustworthy than seeing an arbitrary written review somewhere on the internet and might open the viewer up to new experiences. These channels also gained a lot of popularity during COVID lockdowns between 2020-2021 because a lot of people were isolated and being able to share things they loved with others online helped build a sense of virtual community and helped people feel less alone.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are reaction channels popular on YouTube? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Yu-Gi-Oh! tells the tale of Yugi Mutou, a timid young boy who loves all sorts of games, but is often bullied around. One day, he solves an ancient puzzle known as the Millennium Puzzle (千年パズル, Sennen Pazuru), causing his body to play host to a mysterious spirit with the personality of a gambler. From that moment onwards, whenever Yugi or one of his friends is threatened by those with darkness in their hearts, this other Yugi shows himself and challenges them to dangerous Shadow Games (闇のゲーム, Yami no Gēmu, lit. \"Games of Darkness\") which reveal the true nature of someone's heart, the losers of these contests often being subjected to a dark punishment called a Penalty Game (罰ゲーム, Batsu Gēmu). Whether it be cards, dice, or role-playing board games, he will take on challenges from anyone, anywhere.\n\nAs the series progresses, Yugi and his friends learn that this person inside of his puzzle is actually the spirit of a nameless Pharaoh from Ancient Egyptian times, who had lost his memories. As Yugi and his companions attempt to help the Pharaoh regain his memories, they find themselves going through many trials as they wager their lives facing off against gamers that wield the mysterious Millennium Items (千年アイテム, Sennen Aitemu) and the dark power of the Shadow Games. What is the plot of Yu-Gi-Oh?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yu-Gi-Oh! is about a boy named Yugi Mutou who plays a card game called Yu-Gi-Oh! He solves the Millennium Puzzle so his body now hosts the spirit of a gambler as well, and takes on various challenges against enemies. Most often, the challenge is the Yu-Gi-Oh! card game but sometimes it will be alternate games such as dice or board games. As the show moves forward, Yugi and his friends discover the spirit is actually an Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh with amnesia so they try to help him regain his memories by facing additional challenges from gamers with Millennium items.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Yu-Gi-Oh! tells the tale of Yugi Mutou, a timid young boy who loves all sorts of games, but is often bullied around. One day, he solves an ancient puzzle known as the Millennium Puzzle (千年パズル, Sennen Pazuru), causing his body to play host to a mysterious spirit with the personality of a gambler. From that moment onwards, whenever Yugi or one of his friends is threatened by those with darkness in their hearts, this other Yugi shows himself and challenges them to dangerous Shadow Games (闇のゲーム, Yami no Gēmu, lit. "Games of Darkness") which reveal the true nature of someone's heart, the losers of these contests often being subjected to a dark punishment called a Penalty Game (罰ゲーム, Batsu Gēmu). Whether it be cards, dice, or role-playing board games, he will take on challenges from anyone, anywhere.
As the series progresses, Yugi and his friends learn that this person inside of his puzzle is actually the spirit of a nameless Pharaoh from Ancient Egyptian times, who had lost his memories. As Yugi and his companions attempt to help the Pharaoh regain his memories, they find themselves going through many trials as they wager their lives facing off against gamers that wield the mysterious Millennium Items (千年アイテム, Sennen Aitemu) and the dark power of the Shadow Games. What is the plot of Yu-Gi-Oh? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river. Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal, and recreational fishing.\n\nAccording to the FAO, in 2004 there were four million commercial fishing vessels. About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas. Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons. At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars. These boats are used by artisan fishers. What is a fishing vessel?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A fishing vessel is a boat or ship that is used for recreational or commercial activities such as fishing, inner-tubing, transportation or just for fun.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river. Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal, and recreational fishing.
According to the FAO, in 2004 there were four million commercial fishing vessels. About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas. Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons. At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars. These boats are used by artisan fishers. What is a fishing vessel? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin Voyager 2, Voyager 1 has been operating for 45 years, 6 months and 30 days as of April 5, 2023 UTC . It communicates through NASA's Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data is provided by NASA and JPL. At a distance of 159.20 AU (23.816 billion km; 14.799 billion mi) from Earth as of March 27, 2023, it is the most distant human-made object from Earth. From the passage provided, extract the launch date and current distance from Earth in miles of Voyager 1.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Voyager 1 space probe was launched by NASA on September 5, 1977. As of March 27, 2023 Voyager 1 is 14.799 billion mi from Earth.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin Voyager 2, Voyager 1 has been operating for 45 years, 6 months and 30 days as of April 5, 2023 UTC . It communicates through NASA's Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data is provided by NASA and JPL. At a distance of 159.20 AU (23.816 billion km; 14.799 billion mi) from Earth as of March 27, 2023, it is the most distant human-made object from Earth. From the passage provided, extract the launch date and current distance from Earth in miles of Voyager 1. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Atlanticism, also known as Transatlanticism, is the ideological belief in support for a close relationship between the peoples and governments of the allies to NATO in Northern America (the United States and Canada) and those in Europe (the countries of the European Union, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, etc.) on political, economic, and defense issues to the purpose of maintainining the security and prosperity of the participating countries and protect liberal democracy and the progressive values of an open society that unite them under multiculturalism. The term derives from the Atlantic Ocean, which is bordered by North America and Europe.\n\nThe term can be used in a more specific way to refer to support for North Atlantic military alliances against the Soviet Union, or in a more expansive way to imply broader cooperation, perceived deeply shared values, a merging of diplomatic cultures, as well as a sense of community and some degree of integration between North America and Europe. In practice, the philosophy of Atlanticism encourages active North American, particularly American, engagement in Europe and close cooperation between states on both sides of the ocean. Atlanticism manifested itself most strongly during the Second World War and in its aftermath, the Cold War, through the establishment of various Euro-Atlantic institutions, most importantly NATO and the Marshall Plan.\n\nAtlanticism varies in strength from region to region and from country to country based on a variety of historical and cultural factors. It is often considered to be particularly strong in Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Ireland and the United Kingdom (linked to the Special Relationship). Politically, it has tended to be associated most heavily and enthusiastically but not exclusively with classical liberals or the political right in Europe. Atlanticism often implies an affinity for U.S. political or social culture, or affinity for Europe in North America, as well as the historical bonds between the two continents.\n\nThere is some tension between Atlanticism and continentalism on both sides of the Atlantic, with some people emphasising increased regional cooperation or integration over trans-Atlantic cooperation. The relationship between Atlanticism and North American or European integrations is complex, and they are not seen in direct opposition to one another by many commentators. Internationalism is the foreign policy belief combining both Atlanticism and continentalism. What has been the idea of Atlanticism",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Atlanticism, also known as Transatlanticism, is the ideological belief in support for a close relationship between the peoples and governments of the allies to NATO in Northern America (the United States and Canada) and those in Europe (the countries of the European Union, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, etc.) on political, economic, and defense issues to the purpose of maintaining the security and prosperity of the participating countries and protect liberal democracy and the progressive values of an open society that unite them under multiculturalism. The term derives from the Atlantic Ocean, which is bordered by North America and Europe.\n\nThe term can be used in a more specific way to refer to support for North Atlantic military alliances against the Soviet Union, or in a more expansive way to imply broader cooperation, perceived deeply shared values, a merging of diplomatic cultures, as well as a sense of community and some degree of integration between North America and Europe. In practice, the philosophy of Atlanticism encourages active North American, particularly American, engagement in Europe and close cooperation between states on both sides of the ocean. Atlanticism manifested itself most strongly during the Second World War and in its aftermath, the Cold War, through the establishment of various Euro-Atlantic institutions, most importantly NATO and the Marshall Plan.\n\nAtlanticism varies in strength from region to region and from country to country based on a variety of historical and cultural factors. It is often considered to be particularly strong in Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Ireland and the United Kingdom (linked to the Special Relationship). Politically, it has tended to be associated most heavily and enthusiastically but not exclusively with classical liberals or the political right in Europe. Atlanticism often implies an affinity for U.S. political or social culture, or affinity for Europe in North America, as well as the historical bonds between the two continents.\n\nThere is some tension between Atlanticism and continentalism on both sides of the Atlantic, with some people emphasising increased regional cooperation or integration over trans-Atlantic cooperation. The relationship between Atlanticism and North American or European integrations is complex, and they are not seen in direct opposition to one another by many commentators. Internationalism is the foreign policy belief combining both Atlanticism and continentalism.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Atlanticism, also known as Transatlanticism, is the ideological belief in support for a close relationship between the peoples and governments of the allies to NATO in Northern America (the United States and Canada) and those in Europe (the countries of the European Union, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, etc.) on political, economic, and defense issues to the purpose of maintainining the security and prosperity of the participating countries and protect liberal democracy and the progressive values of an open society that unite them under multiculturalism. The term derives from the Atlantic Ocean, which is bordered by North America and Europe.
The term can be used in a more specific way to refer to support for North Atlantic military alliances against the Soviet Union, or in a more expansive way to imply broader cooperation, perceived deeply shared values, a merging of diplomatic cultures, as well as a sense of community and some degree of integration between North America and Europe. In practice, the philosophy of Atlanticism encourages active North American, particularly American, engagement in Europe and close cooperation between states on both sides of the ocean. Atlanticism manifested itself most strongly during the Second World War and in its aftermath, the Cold War, through the establishment of various Euro-Atlantic institutions, most importantly NATO and the Marshall Plan.
Atlanticism varies in strength from region to region and from country to country based on a variety of historical and cultural factors. It is often considered to be particularly strong in Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Ireland and the United Kingdom (linked to the Special Relationship). Politically, it has tended to be associated most heavily and enthusiastically but not exclusively with classical liberals or the political right in Europe. Atlanticism often implies an affinity for U.S. political or social culture, or affinity for Europe in North America, as well as the historical bonds between the two continents.
There is some tension between Atlanticism and continentalism on both sides of the Atlantic, with some people emphasising increased regional cooperation or integration over trans-Atlantic cooperation. The relationship between Atlanticism and North American or European integrations is complex, and they are not seen in direct opposition to one another by many commentators. Internationalism is the foreign policy belief combining both Atlanticism and continentalism. What has been the idea of Atlanticism |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is the sky blue?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in Earth's atmosphere. Blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is the sky blue? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a verb?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A verb is a word that describes what the subject of a sentence is doing. Verbs can indicate (physical or mental) actions, occurrences, and states of being.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a verb? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How long does a tennis match take?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A tennis match is usually played as the best of three or five sets, where each set is played as the first to six games with at least a two game margin. A tiebreaker is played if both sides win 6 games. The relative skill of the players, the frequency of breaks, and other factors can all affect the length of a tennis match, but usually a best-of-three set will take around 90 minutes and a best-of-five set will take around 2 and a half hours to 3 hours.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How long does a tennis match take? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Foreverly (stylized as foreverly) is a collaborative album by Green Day singer/guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and jazz/pop singer-songwriter Norah Jones. It was released on November 25, 2013, through Reprise Records.\n\nForeverly is a collection of traditional songs, and is a reinterpretation of the 1958 album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us by The Everly Brothers. It is promoted by the lead single \"Long Time Gone\". A lyric video for the song was released on November 13, 2013, and was followed by the release of a music video for \"Silver Haired Daddy of Mine\" five days later.\n\nBackground What is Foreverly?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Foreverly is a remake of the album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us by The Everly Brothers. It was released in November 2013 and is a collaboration between Billie Joe Armstrong, of the band Green Day, and Norah Jones.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Foreverly (stylized as foreverly) is a collaborative album by Green Day singer/guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and jazz/pop singer-songwriter Norah Jones. It was released on November 25, 2013, through Reprise Records.
Foreverly is a collection of traditional songs, and is a reinterpretation of the 1958 album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us by The Everly Brothers. It is promoted by the lead single "Long Time Gone". A lyric video for the song was released on November 13, 2013, and was followed by the release of a music video for "Silver Haired Daddy of Mine" five days later.
Background What is Foreverly? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the effective interest rate (EIR)?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The effective interest rate (EIR), effective annual interest rate, annual equivalent rate (AER) or simply effective rate is the percentage of interest on a loan or financial product if compound interest accumulates over a year during which no payments are made. It is the compound interest payable annually in arrears, based on the nominal interest rate. It is used to compare the interest rates between loans with different compounding periods, such as weekly, monthly, half-yearly or yearly.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the effective interest rate (EIR)? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is football/soccer such a popular sport?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I believe that football/soccer is a popular sport for various reasons. On one hand, everyone has kicked a ball in his or her childhood and can relate to the basic movement. On the other hand, it has very easy-to-follow rules which makes it possible to understand the game when you watch it the first time. Football stars are best known throughout a wide general range of people across the world.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is football/soccer such a popular sport? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is always held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the city of Augusta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States. What is The Masters?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Masters Tournament is one of the four major professional golf championships and is scheduled for the first full week of April. The Masters is the first major of the year and is held at the same location every year - Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is always held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the city of Augusta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States. What is The Masters? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "YouTube is an American global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google and is the second most visited website, after Google Search. YouTube has more than 2.5 billion monthly users, who collectively watch more than one billion hours of videos each day. As of May 2019, videos were being uploaded at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute.\n\nIn October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year.\n\nSince its purchase by Google, YouTube has expanded beyond the core website into mobile apps, network television, and the ability to link with other platforms. Video categories on YouTube include music videos, video clips, news, short films, feature films, songs, documentaries, movie trailers, teasers, live streams, vlogs, and more. Most content is generated by individuals, including collaborations between YouTubers and corporate sponsors. Established media corporations such as Disney, Paramount, NBCUniversal, and Warner Bros. Discovery have also created and expanded their corporate YouTube channels to advertise to a larger audience.\n\nYouTube has had unprecedented social impact, influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. Despite all its growth and success, YouTube has been widely criticized. Criticism of YouTube includes the website being used to facilitate the spread of misinformation, copyright issues, routine violations of its users' privacy, enabling censorship, their guidelines and how they are implemented, and endangering child safety and wellbeing. How did YouTube exit?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion in October 2006.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| YouTube is an American global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google and is the second most visited website, after Google Search. YouTube has more than 2.5 billion monthly users, who collectively watch more than one billion hours of videos each day. As of May 2019, videos were being uploaded at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute.
In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year.
Since its purchase by Google, YouTube has expanded beyond the core website into mobile apps, network television, and the ability to link with other platforms. Video categories on YouTube include music videos, video clips, news, short films, feature films, songs, documentaries, movie trailers, teasers, live streams, vlogs, and more. Most content is generated by individuals, including collaborations between YouTubers and corporate sponsors. Established media corporations such as Disney, Paramount, NBCUniversal, and Warner Bros. Discovery have also created and expanded their corporate YouTube channels to advertise to a larger audience.
YouTube has had unprecedented social impact, influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. Despite all its growth and success, YouTube has been widely criticized. Criticism of YouTube includes the website being used to facilitate the spread of misinformation, copyright issues, routine violations of its users' privacy, enabling censorship, their guidelines and how they are implemented, and endangering child safety and wellbeing. How did YouTube exit? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do I make great Neapolitan pizza dough at home?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To make great Neapolitan pizza you need 4 ingredients. Water, yeast, flour and salt. For best results you should use typo \"00\" flour. When using such finely grained flour go for a 65% hydration dough, 3% salt, and 0.5% dry yeast. This means for every 1000 parts flour, put 650 parts water.\n\nGreat pizza dough takes time to ferment. There are few ways to do it but the easiest one for the home is to pre-ferment a small portion of equal amounts of water and flour.\n\nFor example, start with separating out the total ingredients: 1000g flour, 650g water, 30g salt, 5g dry yeast. This will result in 1680g of dough enough for ~8 medium pizzas. Mix 200g of water, flour and the yeast and let it sit on counter for an hour. Then move to the refrigerator for slow fermentation for ~24h. Take this out and add the remaining ingredients. Kneed until smooth, and let it rest on the counter for 1h. Cover with olive oil to avoid drying out. Cut balls and place in a tray. Lightly cover with olive oil again and cling film. After 1-2h the balls double in size and will be ready for some amazing pizza.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do I make great Neapolitan pizza dough at home? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the structure of Public Forum debate, as used in US debate competitions?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A public forum debate takes place between two teams of two individuals each. For the assigned topic, one team argues for the affirmative (Pro) side, and the other argues for the negative (Con) side.\n\nThe debate is organized in a sequence of speeches according to the following outline:\n•\tTeam 1 Constructive\n•\tTeam 2 Constructive\n•\t1st Crossfire\n•\tTeam 1 Rebuttal\n•\tTeam 2 Rebuttal\n•\t2nd Crossfire\n•\tTeam 1 Summary\n•\tTeam 2 Summary\n•\tGrand Crossfire\n•\tTeam 1 Final Focus\n•\tTeam 2 Final Focus\n\nAdditionally, each team is given 3 minutes of preparation time throughout the round, which they can choose to take before any of their speeches. The time duration of each stage may vary across different leagues.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the structure of Public Forum debate, as used in US debate competitions? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the parts of a sail?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The parts of a sail are: Head, Leech, Clew, Foot, Tack, and Luff.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the parts of a sail? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What's an unpopular opinion you have?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "An unpopular opinion I have is that 5:00 pm in the evening is the best time to eat dinner. Many cultures enjoy eating dinner late at night. Many young people prefer to eat at night so that they can enjoy the company of friends and a drink at night. Typically, only elderly people and small children eat dinner at an earlier time. I prefer to eat dinner early because most of the best restaurants have open reservations at 5:00 pm, so I can almost always get a good table. I'm not particularly eager to eat late in the evening because then I have a hard time sleeping at night. I prefer to have dinner at 5:00 pm because it starts the evening earlier, forces you to leave work and allows you to spend the whole evening with your friends and family. It leaves space for the evening to unfold.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What's an unpopular opinion you have? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "NGC 7314 is a spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on July 29, 1834. This is a nearby Seyfert (active) galaxy, located at a distance of approximately 54.6 megalight-years from the Milky Way. Since it appears to have detached spiral arm segments (either from dust lanes or bright star clusters), it was listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.\n\nWalter Scott Houston describes its appearance in small telescopes:\n\nDo not let its photographic magnitude of 11.6 scare you off, for it can be seen in a 6-inch telescope as a curiously fuzzy object. But it is small, appearing only 4' by 2'.\n\nThe morphological classification of this galaxy is SAB(rs)bc, indicating a spiral galaxy with a weak central bar (SAB), an incomplete ring structure around the bar (rs), and moderately–wound arms (bc). The plane of the galactic disk is inclined by 64° to the line of sight from the Earth, with the major axis aligned along a position angle of 178°. Within the galaxy's core is an active galactic nucleus tentatively classified as a type I Seyfert. The central supermassive black hole has a relatively low mass, estimated as (0.87±0.45)×106 M☉. The core is a source for X-ray emission that is seen to vary dramatically on time scales as low as hours. Tell me about NGC 7314",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "NGC 7314 is a spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on July 29, 1834",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| NGC 7314 is a spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on July 29, 1834. This is a nearby Seyfert (active) galaxy, located at a distance of approximately 54.6 megalight-years from the Milky Way. Since it appears to have detached spiral arm segments (either from dust lanes or bright star clusters), it was listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.
Walter Scott Houston describes its appearance in small telescopes:
Do not let its photographic magnitude of 11.6 scare you off, for it can be seen in a 6-inch telescope as a curiously fuzzy object. But it is small, appearing only 4' by 2'.
The morphological classification of this galaxy is SAB(rs)bc, indicating a spiral galaxy with a weak central bar (SAB), an incomplete ring structure around the bar (rs), and moderately–wound arms (bc). The plane of the galactic disk is inclined by 64° to the line of sight from the Earth, with the major axis aligned along a position angle of 178°. Within the galaxy's core is an active galactic nucleus tentatively classified as a type I Seyfert. The central supermassive black hole has a relatively low mass, estimated as (0.87±0.45)×106 M☉. The core is a source for X-ray emission that is seen to vary dramatically on time scales as low as hours. Tell me about NGC 7314 |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of certain insurances that I should take when moving to Germany.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Health Insurance (Krankenversicherung): It is mandatory to register to in Germany. Many people prefer Public but you can also enroll for private insurance.\n2. Private Liability Insurance (Haftpflichtversicherung): For accidental damage coverages. Although optional but highly recommended by residents.\n3. Legal Protection Insurance (Rechtsschutzversicherung): This is totally optional but might come handy to deal and send notices for legal or public disorder cases e.g. problems with landlord, etc.\n4. Household Insurance (Hausratversicherung): This is another good to have insurance to cover the damages related to house specially for rented homes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of certain insurances that I should take when moving to Germany. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "A lawn mower (also known as a mower, grass cutter or lawnmower) is a device utilizing one or more revolving blades (or a reel) to cut a grass surface to an even height. The height of the cut grass may be fixed by the design of the mower, but generally is adjustable by the operator, typically by a single master lever, or by a lever or nut and bolt on each of the machine's wheels. The blades may be powered by manual force, with wheels mechanically connected to the cutting blades so that when the mower is pushed forward, the blades spin or the machine may have a battery-powered or plug-in electric motor. The most common self-contained power source for lawn mowers is a small (typically one cylinder) internal combustion engine. Smaller mowers often lack any form of propulsion, requiring human power to move over a surface; \"walk-behind\" mowers are self-propelled, requiring a human only to walk behind and guide them. Larger lawn mowers are usually either self-propelled \"walk-behind\" types or more often, are \"ride-on\" mowers, equipped so the operator can ride on the mower and control it. A robotic lawn mower (\"lawn-mowing bot\", \"mowbot\", etc.) is designed to operate either entirely on its own or less commonly by an operator by remote control. What is a lawn mower?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A lawn mower is a machine that uses blades to cut grass to a desired height.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A lawn mower (also known as a mower, grass cutter or lawnmower) is a device utilizing one or more revolving blades (or a reel) to cut a grass surface to an even height. The height of the cut grass may be fixed by the design of the mower, but generally is adjustable by the operator, typically by a single master lever, or by a lever or nut and bolt on each of the machine's wheels. The blades may be powered by manual force, with wheels mechanically connected to the cutting blades so that when the mower is pushed forward, the blades spin or the machine may have a battery-powered or plug-in electric motor. The most common self-contained power source for lawn mowers is a small (typically one cylinder) internal combustion engine. Smaller mowers often lack any form of propulsion, requiring human power to move over a surface; "walk-behind" mowers are self-propelled, requiring a human only to walk behind and guide them. Larger lawn mowers are usually either self-propelled "walk-behind" types or more often, are "ride-on" mowers, equipped so the operator can ride on the mower and control it. A robotic lawn mower ("lawn-mowing bot", "mowbot", etc.) is designed to operate either entirely on its own or less commonly by an operator by remote control. What is a lawn mower? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the \"Thunderer of the Nile\", and described them as the \"protectors\" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.\nAncient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.\nThales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.\nElectricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus (\"of amber\" or \"like amber\",, elektron, the Greek word for \"amber\") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words \"electric\" and \"electricity\", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.\nFurther work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges\nIn 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his \"On Physical Lines of Force\" in 1861 and 1862. \nWhile the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.\nIn 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for \"his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels.\nThe first solid-state device was the \"cat's-whisker detector\" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor.\nSolid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. Extract from the following passage research related to electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges\nIn 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.
Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.
Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.
Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862.
While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels.
The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor.
Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. Extract from the following passage research related to electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries. |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "write a poem about the state of georgia",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Georgia, Georgia You're always on my mind\nAnd one thing that I hear is that your people are so kind\nYou've got the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Atlantic Coast\nYou are such a gem to me it seems so about you I will boast\nYour capital city is the home of the Braves, the Falcons and the Hawks\nWith parks like Grant and Piedmont where you can take a peaceful walk\nYou've produced so many artists the list is hard to write\nFrom Ray and Otis to Outkast and oh yes Gladys Knight\nI hope to visit you one day I say it all the time\nI'll cheer Go Dawgs and do the Chop because Georgia's on my mind",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| write a poem about the state of georgia |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Classify the following into animals and plants: dog, cat, tiger, roses, tulips, pencil, sofa",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The classification can be seen below:\n- Animals: dog, cat, tiger\n- Plants: tulips, roses\n- Not included: pencil, sofa",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the following into animals and plants: dog, cat, tiger, roses, tulips, pencil, sofa |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "From 1984 to 1989 Stryk studied mathematics and computer science at the Technical University of Munich. In 1994 he received his doctorate in mathematics and then habilitated at the university. He was then postdoctoral researcher at TU Munich. Since 2000 he is professor of simulation, system optimization and robotics at the department of computer science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt. From April 2011 to March 2013 he was dean of the department. He was visiting professor and lecturer at the University of California, San Diego, and the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil. Stryk is vice president of Robocup. Since 2018 he has been building the German Rescue Robotics Centre. What did Stryk study at the Technical University of Munich?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stryk studied mathematics and computer science at the Technical University of Munich.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| From 1984 to 1989 Stryk studied mathematics and computer science at the Technical University of Munich. In 1994 he received his doctorate in mathematics and then habilitated at the university. He was then postdoctoral researcher at TU Munich. Since 2000 he is professor of simulation, system optimization and robotics at the department of computer science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt. From April 2011 to March 2013 he was dean of the department. He was visiting professor and lecturer at the University of California, San Diego, and the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil. Stryk is vice president of Robocup. Since 2018 he has been building the German Rescue Robotics Centre. What did Stryk study at the Technical University of Munich? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The festival of San Fermín is a weeklong, historically rooted celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarre, in northern Spain. The celebrations start at noon on July 6 and continue until midnight on July 14. A firework starts off the celebrations and the popular song Pobre de mí is sung at the end. The most famous event is the running of the bulls, which begins at 8 in the morning from July 7 to 14, but the festival involves many other traditional and folkloric events. It is known locally as Sanfermines and is held in honour of Saint Fermin, the co-patron of Navarre.\n\nIts events were central to the plot of The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, which brought it to the general attention of the English-speaking world. It has become probably the most internationally renowned festival in Spain with over a million people coming to participate. What are some of the facts about the festival of San Fermín that could explain it to someone that doesn't know about it based on this text.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The festival has celebrations that last an entire week, made up of several festivities, from fireworks and a traditional closing song to the famous running of the bulls. It became world-renowned due to its feature on the novel The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The festival of San Fermín is a weeklong, historically rooted celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarre, in northern Spain. The celebrations start at noon on July 6 and continue until midnight on July 14. A firework starts off the celebrations and the popular song Pobre de mí is sung at the end. The most famous event is the running of the bulls, which begins at 8 in the morning from July 7 to 14, but the festival involves many other traditional and folkloric events. It is known locally as Sanfermines and is held in honour of Saint Fermin, the co-patron of Navarre.
Its events were central to the plot of The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, which brought it to the general attention of the English-speaking world. It has become probably the most internationally renowned festival in Spain with over a million people coming to participate. What are some of the facts about the festival of San Fermín that could explain it to someone that doesn't know about it based on this text. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the following animals as mammal or not: whale, kangaroo, mouse, snake, fish, human, koala",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "whale - mammal\nkangaroo - mammal\nmouse - mammal\nsnake - not mammal\nfish - not mammal\nhuman - mammal\nkoala - mammal",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the following animals as mammal or not: whale, kangaroo, mouse, snake, fish, human, koala |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Some families get rid of TVs and smartphones for the proper growth of children, but are those things desirable?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I think it's desirable. When exposed to the media from a young age, you won't be able to control it because you're still growing your self-control ability. In that case, if you are exposed, you can't control the use of your smartphone by yourself. You should be exposed to the media after you have some self-control. In order to have self-discipline, you must be 5 or 6 years old.\n\nBut smartphones have a lot of addictive content, so in my case, I don't want to give you a smartphone when you're in elementary school. Because if you spend a lot of time with your family instead of watching TV, it will have a more static effect than the positive effects you can get on TV.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Some families get rid of TVs and smartphones for the proper growth of children, but are those things desirable? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The invention of radio communication was preceded by many decades of establishing theoretical underpinnings, discovery and experimental investigation of radio waves, and engineering and technical developments related to their transmission and detection. These developments allowed Guglielmo Marconi to turn radio waves into a wireless communication system. Who invented the radio?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi, which allowed the harnessing of radio waves into a wireless communication system. This invention did not happen in a vacuum. It was enabled by investigating radio waves and understanding how to detect and transmit them.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The invention of radio communication was preceded by many decades of establishing theoretical underpinnings, discovery and experimental investigation of radio waves, and engineering and technical developments related to their transmission and detection. These developments allowed Guglielmo Marconi to turn radio waves into a wireless communication system. Who invented the radio? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Telangana (/ˌtɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ (listen); Telugu: [ˈtelaŋɡaːɳa], Urdu: [ˈtɪləŋɡɑːna] (listen)) is a state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the eleventh-largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 (43,273 sq mi) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana, with Hyderabad as its capital. Its other major cities include Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. The terrain of Telangana consists mostly of the Deccan Plateau with dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 (10,538 sq mi). As of 2019, the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts. When was Telangana created?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2014",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Telangana (/ˌtɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ (listen); Telugu: [ˈtelaŋɡaːɳa], Urdu: [ˈtɪləŋɡɑːna] (listen)) is a state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the eleventh-largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 (43,273 sq mi) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana, with Hyderabad as its capital. Its other major cities include Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. The terrain of Telangana consists mostly of the Deccan Plateau with dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 (10,538 sq mi). As of 2019, the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts. When was Telangana created? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the YIMBY movement?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "YIMBY stands for Yes In My Back Yard. The YIMBY movement is a grassroots response to the phenomenon of NIMBYism, which stands for Not In My Back Yard, and is the name for concentrated local opposition to societally-beneficial resources. For example, NIMBY neighbors might oppose the construction of a new hospital in their neighborhood on the grounds that it will increase local traffic. The whole city will benefit from the new hospital, but the immediate neighbors will oppose it on these grounds regardless of where in the city it is constructed.\n\nThe YIMBY movement in the United States is primarily concerned with housing. YIMBY organizations have been formed across the country to support measures that will increase the supply of housing, such as repealing bans on the construction of apartment buildings.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the YIMBY movement? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a self introduction for a person named Cassie when speaking to a recruiter.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hi. It is great to meet you and thank you for giving me the opportunity to introduce myself. My name is Cassie and I am applying for a position at your company. I am very excited about this role and I believe I am a great fit. My previous job has given me a great deal of relevant experience in this field. I am also a big fan of your company and its mission. I would love to speak to the hiring manager about this role and go into more detail about why I am a good fit for this position.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a self introduction for a person named Cassie when speaking to a recruiter. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Where is Salvador Brazil?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Salvador is a Brazilian municipality and capital city of the state of Bahia. Situated in the Zona da Mata in the Northeast Region of Brazil, Salvador is recognized throughout the country and internationally for its cuisine, music and architecture. The African influence in many cultural aspects of the city makes it a center of Afro-Brazilian culture. As the first capital of Colonial Brazil, the city is one of the oldest in the Americas and one of the first planned cities in the world, having been established during the Renaissance period. Its foundation in 1549 by Tomé de Sousa took place on account of the implementation of the General Government of Brazil by the Portuguese Empire.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where is Salvador Brazil? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are hiccups and why do we get them?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "\"Hiccup comes from the Latin phrase \"to catch one's breath while sobbing\". Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm that produces a \"hic\" sound. The time between these \"hics\" can be erratic but are usually pretty consistant. Pregnant women have been known to say they can feel their unborn babies hiccuping in the womb.\n\nIf you wait long enough hiccups usually just go away on their own.\nThere are many \"Folk cures\" for hiccups. These are very varied. There are no real medical remedies. The more people you talk to the more varied these remedies are. Everyone seems to have their own unique remedy.\n\nSome of these include: head standing, drinking a glass of water upside-down, being frightened by someone, breathing into a bag, eating a large spoonful of peanut butter and placing sugar on or under the tongue and my favorite -Drinking through a straw with the ears plugged!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are hiccups and why do we get them? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you make Crawfish bread?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ingredients\n1 pound crawfish tail meat, peeled, cleaned and deveined\n1/2 stick butter\n1 clove garlic, minced\n3/4 cup chopped and drained ripe tomatoes\n1 tablespoon Cajun seasoning\n3/4 cup Monterey Jack Cheese\n1/4 cup grated Parmesan\n1/2 cup mayonnaise\n3 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley\n1 loaf French bread\n\nDirections :\n1. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. \n2. Rinse the crawfish. In a large skillet, melt the butter over medium heat. Add the garlic and cook for a few minutes. Add the tomatoes, Cajun seasoning and crawfish. Saute for 1 minute. Remove from the heat. \n3. In a bowl, mix together the cheeses, mayonnaise and parsley. Add the tomato and crawfish mixture to the mayo mixture. \n4. Cut the loaf of bread in half and then cut the bread lengthwise. Spoon the mixture on the bread and bake for 10 to 15 minutes. Then broil for an additional 3 to 5 minutes. Watch closely, as not to burn. \n5. Cut the bread into individual portions and serve.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you make Crawfish bread? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "UNESCO Peace Prize 2022 was given to",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Angela Merkel(Former German Chancellor)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| UNESCO Peace Prize 2022 was given to |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Banefort?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The name nor identity of the Banefort house's founder is unknown. They are only referred to as The Hooded Man.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Banefort? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Apartment buildings are multi-story buildings where three or more residences are contained within one structure. Such a building may be called an apartment building, apartment complex, flat complex, block of flats, tower block, high-rise or, occasionally, mansion block (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent. A high-rise apartment building is commonly referred to as a residential tower, apartment tower, or block of flats in Australia. What is an apartment building?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "An apartment building is a multi-story building with at least three residences. Each residential unit within the building has many different names depending on the country or region; flat is commonly used in British English, while the term apartment is most popular in North America.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Apartment buildings are multi-story buildings where three or more residences are contained within one structure. Such a building may be called an apartment building, apartment complex, flat complex, block of flats, tower block, high-rise or, occasionally, mansion block (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent. A high-rise apartment building is commonly referred to as a residential tower, apartment tower, or block of flats in Australia. What is an apartment building? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Jeep, Suzuki",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jeep is American, Suzuki is Japanese",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Jeep, Suzuki |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What's the difference between facts and truth?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Facts are pieces of information that are verifiable and based on empirical evidence whereas truth, although a related concept is related to a subjective perception or belief of what is a fact and does not always require evidence. An example would be a question about whether aliens exists. Many have a personal belief that aliens do exists, but since no empirical evidence exists upon which society can reach a consensus that they do truly exist. Someone may say that they are speaking truth when they say that aliens exists, however this is more likely just based on their belief which is unsupported by evidence (assuming in this example that the person making this statement has no empirical evidence). In this example someone who says they believe aliens do exist, believes they are speaking the truth but that does not make it a fact.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What's the difference between facts and truth? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Viva Piñata: Party Animals is a video game developed by Krome Studios for the Microsoft Xbox 360 video game console, part of the Viva Piñata series. The game was released on October 30, 2007, in North America, November 15 in Australia, November 16 in Europe, and December 6 in Japan. Given this paragraph, what were the regional release dates for Viva Piñata: Party Animals?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Viva Piñata: Party Animals was released for the Xbox 360 gaming console on October 30, 2007 in North America, November 15, 2007 in Australia, November 16, 2007 in Europe, and December 6, 2007 in Japan.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Viva Piñata: Party Animals is a video game developed by Krome Studios for the Microsoft Xbox 360 video game console, part of the Viva Piñata series. The game was released on October 30, 2007, in North America, November 15 in Australia, November 16 in Europe, and December 6 in Japan. Given this paragraph, what were the regional release dates for Viva Piñata: Party Animals? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Could a nuclear explosion change the Earth's rotation?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nuclear explosions release more energy than anything else that humans do. Luckily, the energy released by a nuclear blast is only about one trillionth of the power of the Earth spinning. Scientists compare it to trying to slow the speed of a truck by crashing it into a mosquito.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Could a nuclear explosion change the Earth's rotation? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Australian white ibis (Threskiornis molucca) is a wading bird of the ibis family, Threskiornithidae. It is widespread across much of Australia. It has a predominantly white plumage with a bare, black head, long downcurved bill and black legs. While it is closely related to the African sacred ibis, the Australian white ibis is a native Australian bird – contrary to urban myth, it is not a feral species introduced to Australia by people, and it does not come from Egypt.\n\nHistorically rare in urban areas, the Australian white ibis has established in urban areas of the east coast in increasing numbers since the late 1970s; it is now commonly seen in Wollongong, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide (where it mostly is in Mawson Lakes wetlands), Darwin, the Gold Coast, Brisbane and Townsville. In recent years, the bird has also become increasingly common in Perth, Western Australia, and surrounding towns in south-western Australia. Populations have disappeared from natural breeding areas such as the Macquarie Marshes in northern New South Wales. Management plans have been introduced to control problematic urban populations in Sydney.\n\nDue to its increasing presence in the urban environment and its habit of rummaging in garbage, the species has acquired a variety of colloquial names such as \"tip turkey\" and \"bin chicken\", and in recent years has become an icon of Australia's popular culture, regarded with glee by some and passionate revulsion by others. Provide all the key information about how the look and the names for the white ibis",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The White Ibis, also known colloquially as the \"tip turkey\" and \"bin chicken\" is known for it's white feathers, black head and long curved bill and legs.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Australian white ibis (Threskiornis molucca) is a wading bird of the ibis family, Threskiornithidae. It is widespread across much of Australia. It has a predominantly white plumage with a bare, black head, long downcurved bill and black legs. While it is closely related to the African sacred ibis, the Australian white ibis is a native Australian bird – contrary to urban myth, it is not a feral species introduced to Australia by people, and it does not come from Egypt.
Historically rare in urban areas, the Australian white ibis has established in urban areas of the east coast in increasing numbers since the late 1970s; it is now commonly seen in Wollongong, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide (where it mostly is in Mawson Lakes wetlands), Darwin, the Gold Coast, Brisbane and Townsville. In recent years, the bird has also become increasingly common in Perth, Western Australia, and surrounding towns in south-western Australia. Populations have disappeared from natural breeding areas such as the Macquarie Marshes in northern New South Wales. Management plans have been introduced to control problematic urban populations in Sydney.
Due to its increasing presence in the urban environment and its habit of rummaging in garbage, the species has acquired a variety of colloquial names such as "tip turkey" and "bin chicken", and in recent years has become an icon of Australia's popular culture, regarded with glee by some and passionate revulsion by others. Provide all the key information about how the look and the names for the white ibis |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Omele, Salterio",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Salterio is string, Omele is percussion.",
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}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Omele, Salterio |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Please tell me a little bit about the personal lives of the best hockey players at this time.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here is a list of the best hockey players in the NHL and a little about them:\n\nConnor McDavid\nConnor McDavid and his girlfriend, interior designer Lauren Kyle, designed their Edmonton house. After displaying pictures of the house for EDify magazine in 2020 and recording a video tour in 2021 for Architectural Digest, the minimalist design and the poor view of the Edmonton River Valley outside became an Internet meme.\nAs a sports fan in Ontario, McDavid was a dedicated childhood fan of Mats Sundin and the Toronto Maple Leafs NHL team. He described his childhood bedroom as \"pretty embarrassing\" for its volume of Maple Leafs memorabilia. Outside of hockey, he supports the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball and threw out the ceremonial first pitch at a Blue Jays game in 2016.\nOn June 21, 2017, Electronic Arts revealed that McDavid would be the cover athlete for NHL 18, their annual installment of the NHL video game series. Additionally, McDavid's unique skating style inspired the Real Player Motion technology used in NHL 19, in which player size and other attributes affect their skating speed and power. In 2022, McDavid was one of several Canadian athletes to appear on boxes of Cheerios cereal as part of their \"Be the Cheer\" promotion, in which customers could write personalized messages to athletes competing at the Olympic Games. That same year, McDavid became the first active professional athlete to serve as a brand ambassador for sports betting company BetMGM.\n\nCale Makar\nMakar is the son of Gary Makar and Laura MacGregor. He was named after former NHL player Cale Hulse. His younger brother Taylor plays at UMass-Amherst, which Cale also attended, and was also drafted by the Avalanche in the seventh round of the 2021 NHL Entry Draft. Makar's cousin Mark Logan also played collegiate hockey from 2015 to 2019 at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Tom Lysiak was his father's cousin. He is of Ukrainian descent on his father's side. Growing up, he was a fan of the hometown Calgary Flames.\n\nAuston Matthews\nMatthews comes from a family of athletes, with his father having played college baseball and with an uncle, Wes Matthews, who briefly played in the National Football League for the Miami Dolphins. His father is the chief technology officer of a manufacturing company based in New Jersey. He has two sisters: Alexandria, who is three years older, and Breyana, who is five years younger. Due to his mother's Mexican ancestry, Matthews can speak some Spanish.\n\nOff the ice, Matthews was enrolled in several online courses with the University of Nebraska Omaha. In late August 2016, he moved to Toronto and began working out with teammates Mitch Marner and Morgan Rielly. Matthews' favorite athlete growing up was Kobe Bryant, while his favorite sports movie is The Mighty Ducks. He is a fan of players Jonathan Toews and Anže Kopitar due to their all around offensive and defensive game, has had his playing style compared to them. In recognition of Matthews' four-goal NHL debut, rap artist SVDVM released a song titled \"Auston Matthews\". At the 2019 NHL Awards, Matthews was named the cover athlete for EA Sports' ice hockey video game NHL 20.",
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]
| Please tell me a little bit about the personal lives of the best hockey players at this time. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Stomp box, Gunjac",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Gunjac is string, Stomp box is percussion.",
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}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Stomp box, Gunjac |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How has the video gaming industry evolved over the years ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Video games have been around for a while now. The industry have evolved massively in the recent 10 years. The industry begun with games that were programmed for the early computers. Then, specific devices like the Playstation from Sony, X-Box from Microsoft started to enter the scene. These helped with growing the number of people who play games since not everybody likes to own a PC to play games.\n\nAs the smartphone era begin, video games started to make an impact on those devices as well and the mobile gamer base started growing rapidly. \n\nRecently, the industry also evolved furthermore and professional e-sport teams started to emerge which boosted the spectator sport angle of the industry. This also grew with the adoption of streaming platforms like Twitch, where watching professional gamers play video games became a trend. \n\nNow, it is not uncommon to see most multiplayer competitive games to have a professional scene where teams like TSM, Liquid, Cloud 9 have signed players that compete on a professional level.",
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]
| How has the video gaming industry evolved over the years ? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of things I can do with a bunch of extra money.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here's what you can do with extra money:\n\nInvest in the stock market. For example, the average annualized return of the S&P 500 from 1928 through 2021 is 11.82%.\n\nInvest in yourself by purchasing classes. You can also explore new hobbies for your enjoyment. Some examples are skiing, painting, or playing guitar. \n\nTravel around the world to gain new experiences and experience new cultures.\n\nInvest in the real estate market.",
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}
]
| Give me a list of things I can do with a bunch of extra money. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the city of Seattle known for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Seattle is located in the northwest corner of the United States and is known for its overcast and rainy weather. Seattle has a strong coffee culture, in part because Starbucks was started there. The surrounding Cascade mountains and Puget Sound provide plenty of outdoor adventures, such as boating, rock climbing, and hiking. Many famous musicians started in Seattle, including Nirvana and Macklemore.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the city of Seattle known for? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Suntory Holdings Limited (サントリーホールディングス株式会社, Santorī Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (commonly referred to as simply Suntory) is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company group. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Japan, and makes Japanese whisky. Its business has expanded to other fields, and the company now also makes soft drinks and operates sandwich chains. With its 2014 acquisition of Beam, Inc., it has diversified internationally and become the third largest maker of distilled beverages in the world. Suntory is headquartered in Dojimahama 2-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture. Suntory Beverage & Food Limited (サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社, Santorī shokuhin When was Suntory established?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Suntory was established in 1899",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Suntory Holdings Limited (サントリーホールディングス株式会社, Santorī Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (commonly referred to as simply Suntory) is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company group. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Japan, and makes Japanese whisky. Its business has expanded to other fields, and the company now also makes soft drinks and operates sandwich chains. With its 2014 acquisition of Beam, Inc., it has diversified internationally and become the third largest maker of distilled beverages in the world. Suntory is headquartered in Dojimahama 2-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture. Suntory Beverage & Food Limited (サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社, Santorī shokuhin When was Suntory established? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Where do we go when we die?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In some religions, it is believed we go to heaven after die. There are passages that talk about the pearly gates and being greeted by St. Peter who will check you into heaven and allow to pass through the gates once vetted. The ancient egyptians believed in three afterlife ideologies; the underworld, eternal life and the rebirth of the soul. However, for the average person today who does not partake in mummification and ancient egyptians, it is widely believed that once the body dies, the soul leaves and goes to a place of peace. In a perfect world, we would be reunited with our loved ones, both human and pet, where we would no longer be in pain and can run free with those we care about most. Alternatively, the more literal answer to this question would be that the physical body either goes into a coffin or some type of container or it is cremated into ashes after death.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where do we go when we die? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the FDA doing to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The FDA, along with other federal, state, and local agencies and public health officials across the country and internationally, plays a critical role in protecting public health during the COVID-19 pandemic. FDA staff are working around the clock to support development of medical countermeasures and are providing regulatory advice, guidance, and technical assistance to advance the development and availability of vaccines, therapies, diagnostic tests and other medical devices for use diagnosing, treating, and preventing this novel virus. The FDA continues to monitor the human and animal food supply and take swift action on fraudulent COVID-19 products.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the FDA doing to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the most important gear to bring for backpacking?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most important gear for backpacking are the backpack, tent, sleeping bag, and sleeping pad. Without these, you'll likely have a miserable experience. In addition to those \"large\" items, you also need to bring a pot for boiling water, a small stove, and a gas canister to power that stove. Of course, you'll need to bring food proportional to how many days your trip lasts. In some parts of the world, a bear can is necessary to prevent bears from getting to your food. These are just the most important items, and there's many more things you should bring to have a safe and enjoyable trip.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the most important gear to bring for backpacking? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Pick the best starting five from all players in NBA history",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Comparing players from different time periods is challenging due to the vastly different styles of play and differences in the rules. However, no NBA all time team would be complete without Michael Jordan. The rest of my lineup would include Stephen Curry, Lebron James, Tim Duncan, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pick the best starting five from all players in NBA history |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some good coffee shops in the Cambridge, Massachusetts area?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cambridge has a number of good coffee shops: Broadsheet coffee, which is a popular coffee roaster in the Boston area, is in Cambridge; Curio coffee in East Cambridge has both coffee and waffles; and there are multiple Tatte locations in Cambridge, which is also known for its pastries and French-Israeli food options for breakfast and lunch.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some good coffee shops in the Cambridge, Massachusetts area? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What kind of animal is the Diaea dorsata",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Diaea dorsata is one of the smaller crab spiders, with a palearctic distribution. Females can grow up to 6 mm, males up to 4 mm. Prosoma and legs are green, the opisthosoma is yellowish with a brown mark.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What kind of animal is the Diaea dorsata |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamist extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States on September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners scheduled to travel from the East Coast to California. The hijackers crashed the first two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the third into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the United States military) in Arlington County, Virginia, near Washington, D.C. The fourth plane was similarly intended to hit a federal government building in D.C., but crashed in a field following a passenger revolt. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people and instigated the global war on terror. What happened on September 11, 2001?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamist extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States on September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners scheduled to travel from the East Coast to California. The hijackers crashed the first two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the third into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the United States military) in Arlington County, Virginia, near Washington, D.C. The fourth plane was similarly intended to hit a federal government building in D.C., but crashed in a field following a passenger revolt. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people and instigated the global war on terror.\n\nThe first impact was that of American Airlines Flight 11. It was crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan at 8:46 a.m. Seventeen minutes later, at 9:03, the World Trade Center's South Tower was hit by United Airlines Flight 175. Both 110-story skyscrapers collapsed within an hour and forty-one minutes, bringing about the destruction of the remaining five structures in the WTC complex, as well as damaging or destroying various other buildings surrounding the towers. A third flight, American Airlines Flight 77, crashed into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m., causing a partial collapse. The fourth and final flight, United Airlines Flight 93, flew in the direction of Washington, D.C. Alerted to the previous attacks, the plane's passengers attempted to gain control of the aircraft, but the hijackers ultimately crashed the plane in a field in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, near Shanksville at 10:03 a.m. Investigators determined that Flight 93 target was either the United States Capitol or the White House.\n\nWithin hours of the attacks, the Central Intelligence Agency determined that al-Qaeda was responsible. The United States formally responded by launching the war on terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, which had not complied with U.S. demands to expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan and extradite its leader, Osama bin Laden. The U.S.'s invocation of Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty—its only usage to date—called upon allies to fight al-Qaeda. As U.S. and NATO ground forces swept through Afghanistan, bin Laden fled to the White Mountains, where he narrowly avoided capture by U.S.-led forces. Although bin Laden initially denied any involvement, in 2004 he formally claimed responsibility for the attacks. Al-Qaeda's cited motivations included U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq. After evading capture for almost a decade, bin Laden was killed by the U.S. military on May 2, 2011. U.S. and NATO troops remained in Afghanistan until 2021.\n\nThe attacks resulted in 2,977 non-hijacker fatalities, an indeterminate number of injuries, and substantial long-term health consequences, in addition to at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage. It remains the deadliest terrorist attack in human history as well as the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in U.S. history, with 340 and 72 killed, respectively. The destruction of the World Trade Center and its environs seriously harmed the New York City economy and induced global market shocks. Many other countries strengthened anti-terrorism legislation and expanded their powers of law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Cleanup of the World Trade Center site (colloquially \"Ground Zero\") took eight months and was completed in May 2002, while the Pentagon was repaired within a year. After delays in the design of a replacement complex, the One World Trade Center began construction in November 2006 and opened in November 2014. Memorials to the attacks include the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York City, the Pentagon Memorial in Arlington County, Virginia, and the Flight 93 National Memorial at the Pennsylvania crash site.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamist extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States on September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners scheduled to travel from the East Coast to California. The hijackers crashed the first two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the third into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the United States military) in Arlington County, Virginia, near Washington, D.C. The fourth plane was similarly intended to hit a federal government building in D.C., but crashed in a field following a passenger revolt. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people and instigated the global war on terror. What happened on September 11, 2001? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon.\nIn the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March.\nThunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening. Which months of the year does the Northwest Pacific see tropical cyclones?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon.
In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March.
Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening. Which months of the year does the Northwest Pacific see tropical cyclones? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Osborne effect is a social phenomenon of customers canceling or deferring orders for the current, soon-to-be-obsolete product as an unexpected drawback of a company's announcing a future product prematurely. It is an example of cannibalization.\nThe term alludes to the Osborne Computer Corporation, whose second product did not become available until more than a year after it was announced. The company's subsequent bankruptcy was widely blamed on reduced sales after the announcement.\nThe Osborne Effect states that prematurely discussing future, unavailable products damages sales of existing products. The name comes from the planned replacement of the Osborne 1, an early personal computer first sold by the Osborne Computer Corporation in 1981. In 1983, founder Adam Osborne pre-announced several next-generation computer models (the Osborne Executive and Osborne Vixen), which were only prototypes, highlighting the fact that they would outperform the existing model as the prototypes dramatically cut down assembly time. A widely held belief was that sales of the Osborne 1 fell sharply as customers anticipated those more advanced systems, leading to a sales decline from which Osborne Computer was unable to recover. This belief appeared in the media almost immediately after the company's September 1983 bankruptcy:\n\nTo give the jazzy $2,495 Osborne Executive a running start, Adam began orchestrating publicity early in 1983. We, along with many other magazines, were shown the machine in locked hotel rooms. We were required not to have anything in print about it until the planned release date in mid-April. As far as we know, nothing did appear in print, but dealers heard about the plans and cancelled orders for the Osborne 1 in droves. In early April, Osborne told dealers he would be showing them the machine on a one-week tour the week of 17 April, and emphasized that the new machine was not a competitor for the Osborne 1. But dealers didn't react the way Osborne expected; said Osborne, \"All of them just cancelled their orders for the Osborne 1.\"\n\nOsborne reacted by drastically cutting prices on the Osborne 1 in an effort to stimulate cash flow. But nothing seemed to work, and for several months sales were practically non-existent.\n\nPre-announcement is done for several reasons: to reassure current customers that there is improvement or lower cost coming, to increase the interest of the media and investors in the company's future prospects, and to intimidate or confuse competitors. When done correctly, the sales or cash flow impact to the company is minimal, with the revenue drop for the current product being offset by orders or completed sales of the new product as it becomes available. However, when the Osborne effect occurs, the quantity of unsold goods increases and the company must react by discounting and/or lowering production of the current product, both of which depress cash flow. From the given passage, find out why companies would announce their future products much in advance.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Companies pre-announce their future products because of the following reasons:\n1. to reassure current customers that their product is improving\n2. to comfort current customers that a lower cost model of their is coming\n2. to increase the interest of the media and investors in the company's future prospects\n3. to intimidate or confuse competitors",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Osborne effect is a social phenomenon of customers canceling or deferring orders for the current, soon-to-be-obsolete product as an unexpected drawback of a company's announcing a future product prematurely. It is an example of cannibalization.
The term alludes to the Osborne Computer Corporation, whose second product did not become available until more than a year after it was announced. The company's subsequent bankruptcy was widely blamed on reduced sales after the announcement.
The Osborne Effect states that prematurely discussing future, unavailable products damages sales of existing products. The name comes from the planned replacement of the Osborne 1, an early personal computer first sold by the Osborne Computer Corporation in 1981. In 1983, founder Adam Osborne pre-announced several next-generation computer models (the Osborne Executive and Osborne Vixen), which were only prototypes, highlighting the fact that they would outperform the existing model as the prototypes dramatically cut down assembly time. A widely held belief was that sales of the Osborne 1 fell sharply as customers anticipated those more advanced systems, leading to a sales decline from which Osborne Computer was unable to recover. This belief appeared in the media almost immediately after the company's September 1983 bankruptcy:
To give the jazzy $2,495 Osborne Executive a running start, Adam began orchestrating publicity early in 1983. We, along with many other magazines, were shown the machine in locked hotel rooms. We were required not to have anything in print about it until the planned release date in mid-April. As far as we know, nothing did appear in print, but dealers heard about the plans and cancelled orders for the Osborne 1 in droves. In early April, Osborne told dealers he would be showing them the machine on a one-week tour the week of 17 April, and emphasized that the new machine was not a competitor for the Osborne 1. But dealers didn't react the way Osborne expected; said Osborne, "All of them just cancelled their orders for the Osborne 1."
Osborne reacted by drastically cutting prices on the Osborne 1 in an effort to stimulate cash flow. But nothing seemed to work, and for several months sales were practically non-existent.
Pre-announcement is done for several reasons: to reassure current customers that there is improvement or lower cost coming, to increase the interest of the media and investors in the company's future prospects, and to intimidate or confuse competitors. When done correctly, the sales or cash flow impact to the company is minimal, with the revenue drop for the current product being offset by orders or completed sales of the new product as it becomes available. However, when the Osborne effect occurs, the quantity of unsold goods increases and the company must react by discounting and/or lowering production of the current product, both of which depress cash flow. From the given passage, find out why companies would announce their future products much in advance. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the only US president elected from Pennsylvania?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the only US president elected from Pennsylvania? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How do airplanes land?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The pilot reduces engine power which lowers thrust. This reduces the lift and the plane descends.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do airplanes land? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether each of these are animals or not: Alligator, Grass, Tree, Boat, Dolphin, Shark, Fish, Fence, Dog, Car",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Alligator: Animal\nGrass: Not an Animal\nTree: Not an Animal\nBoat: Not an Animal\nDolphin: Animal\nShark: Animal\nFish: Animal\nFence: Not an Animal\nDog: Animal\nCar: Not an Animal",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether each of these are animals or not: Alligator, Grass, Tree, Boat, Dolphin, Shark, Fish, Fence, Dog, Car |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How does the federal government of the USA implement separation of powers?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To maintain separation of powers, the US federal government has three branches that each maintain separate and independent powers: judicial, executive, legislative",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How does the federal government of the USA implement separation of powers? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "what is hinduism",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hinduism is a diverse system of thought marked by a range of philosophies and shared concepts, rituals, cosmological systems, pilgrimage sites, and shared textual sources that discuss theology, metaphysics, mythology, Vedic yajna, yoga, agamic rituals, and temple building, among other topics. Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include the four Puruṣārthas, the proper goals or aims of human life; namely, dharma (ethics/duties), artha (prosperity/work), kama (desires/passions) and moksha (liberation/freedom from the passions and the cycle of death and rebirth), as well as karma (action, intent and consequences) and saṃsāra (cycle of death and rebirth). Hinduism prescribes the eternal duties, such as honesty, refraining from injuring living beings (Ahiṃsā), patience, forbearance, self-restraint, virtue, and compassion, among others.[web 3] Hindu practices include worship (puja), fire rituals (homa/havan), recitations (pravachan), devotion (bhakti), chanting (japa), meditation (dhyāna), sacrifice (yajña), charity (dāna), selfless service (sevā), homage to one's ancestors (śrāddha), family-oriented rites of passage, annual festivals, and occasional pilgrimages (yatra). Along with the various practices associated with yoga, some Hindus leave their social world and material possessions and engage in lifelong Sannyasa (monasticism) in order to achieve moksha.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| what is hinduism |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following animals are primates: Human, Dog, Bonobos, Cat, Bats, Goat, Bears, Orangutans, Wolf, Lion, Squirrel, Koala, Cheetah, Deer, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Lemurs, Blue whale, Chimpanzee",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not all of them are primates! From that list the primates are:\n\n- Human\n- Bonobos\n- Orangutans\n- Gorillas\n- Lemurs\n- Chimpanzee",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following animals are primates: Human, Dog, Bonobos, Cat, Bats, Goat, Bears, Orangutans, Wolf, Lion, Squirrel, Koala, Cheetah, Deer, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Lemurs, Blue whale, Chimpanzee |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Of NFL teams who have gone to the Super Bowl, how many have a win percentage of Super Bowls of at least 50%?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Boston/New England Patriots, Pittsburgh Steelers, Dallas Cowboys, San Francisco 49ers, New York Giants, Green Bay Packers, Kansas City Chiefs, Washington Redskins/Football Team/Commanders, Oakland/Los Angeles/Las Vegas Raiders, Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Baltimore Ravens, Chicago Bears, New Orleans Saints, New York Jets",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Of NFL teams who have gone to the Super Bowl, how many have a win percentage of Super Bowls of at least 50%? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of ways that a runner can advance a base in baseball without there being a hit.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- The batter walks, forcing the runner to advance to the next base\n- The runner steals a base\n- The pitcher balks\n- There is a wild pitch that goes past the catcher",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of ways that a runner can advance a base in baseball without there being a hit. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do I make good coffee?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Making good coffee depends on three key things. First, use good coffee beans that have been roasted within the last seven days. Then use a high-quality grinder so that the coffee grinds are consistent with the type of coffee you are making. Finally, use filtered water so that the flavor of the coffee is not overshadowed by any minerals in the water.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do I make good coffee? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The \"PayPal Mafia\" is a group of former PayPal employees and founders who have since founded and/or developed additional technology companies such as Tesla, Inc., LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer. Most of the members attended Stanford University or University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign at some point in their studies. Which companies have the Paypal Mafia founded?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tesla, Inc., LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The "PayPal Mafia" is a group of former PayPal employees and founders who have since founded and/or developed additional technology companies such as Tesla, Inc., LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer. Most of the members attended Stanford University or University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign at some point in their studies. Which companies have the Paypal Mafia founded? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a database schema?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A database schema is a definition for how to organize data within a relational database. a relational database can also have multiple schemas. Schemas may also describe the source system the data in that schema comes from. Schema includes table names, fields, data types, and the relationships between all these items. Schemas are visually represented using Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs), and the process of creating schema definitions is called data modeling.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a database schema? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How can I ensure exactly-once delivery when reading data from Kafka with Spark?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To ensure exactly once delivery, you can use the idempotent producer setting in Kafka and the checkpointing mechanism in Spark Structured Streaming. This is possible to achieve if your sink is a delta table, but not if the sink is another Kafka topic.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How can I ensure exactly-once delivery when reading data from Kafka with Spark? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each country as Nordic or Iberian: Spain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Portugal",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Spain: Iberian\nNorway: Nordic\nSweden: Nordic\nDenmark: Nordic\nPortugal: Iberian",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each country as Nordic or Iberian: Spain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Portugal |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "is engineering a great career",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| is engineering a great career |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What do to if your cat starts drooling excessively?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Although excessively drooling could be a sign of your cat eating something distasteful, it could also be an underlying serious disease like teeth ache or poisoning, so be sure to seek out veterinary care as soon as possible.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What do to if your cat starts drooling excessively? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War.\n\nPicasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art.\n\nPicasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles.\n\nExceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art. Locate the classification of Picasso's work over time on the text, extract including the description and the period, and place them in a bullet list",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Blue Period (1901–1904)\nRose Period (1904–1906)\nAfrican-influenced Period (1907–1909)\nAnalytic Cubism (1909–1912)\nSynthetic Cubism or Crystal Period (1912–1919)\nSurrealism (mid-1920s)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War.
Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art.
Picasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles.
Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art. Locate the classification of Picasso's work over time on the text, extract including the description and the period, and place them in a bullet list |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Timbal, Lotar",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lotar is string, Timbal is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Timbal, Lotar |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the fastest time control chess?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bullet chess",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the fastest time control chess? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who wrote the biography of Steve Jobs?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Walter Isaacson",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who wrote the biography of Steve Jobs? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB), one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league. Given the reference text about the Cy Young Award, please describe what the award is and why it is awarded.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Cy Young Award is given to the best pitches in the American and National leagues of Major League Baseball, for their achievements that exceed those of their peers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB), one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league. Given the reference text about the Cy Young Award, please describe what the award is and why it is awarded. |
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