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open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the list of football clubs in England by competitive honours won?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "This article lists English association football clubs whose men's sides have won competitive honours run by official governing bodies. Friendly competitions and matches organized between clubs are not included. The football associations FIFA and UEFA run international and European competitions; while The Football Association, and its mostly self-governing subsidiary bodies the English Football League and Premier League, run national competitions.\n\nThe European governing body UEFA was founded in 1954, and created their first and most prestigious competition, the European Cup, the next year. It was expanded and renamed in 1992 as the UEFA Champions League. Liverpool hold the English record, with six wins. Parallel to UEFA, various officials created the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1955, but this competition was disbanded when UEFA created the replacement tournament, UEFA Cup, in 1971 (renamed the UEFA Europa League in 2009) The English record number of Europa League wins is three, also held by Liverpool. Another competition absorbed into the UEFA Cup, in 1999, was the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, which was created in 1960 and featured the winners of national knockout competitions The winners of this competition played the European Cup winners in the UEFA Super Cup, starting in 1972 (recognised by UEFA in 1973), which now features the winners of the Champions League and Europa League.Liverpool also hold the English record, with four wins, in the UEFA Super Cup. The International Football Cup, also known as the UEFA Intertoto Cup, was a competition for clubs not participating in the European Cup, UEFA Cup or Cup Winners' Cup. The tournament commenced in 1961, but UEFA officially recognised it only in 1995, and discontinued in 2008, with the Europa League expanded to accommodate Intertoto Cup clubs. UEFA and CONMEBOL also created an intercontinental competition in 1960, the Intercontinental Cup, featuring continental champions from both associations. In 2000, the international governing body FIFA created the FIFA Club World Cup and in 2004 the Intercontinental Cup was merged into it. Manchester United are the only English club to have won the Intercontinental Cup, while United, Chelsea and Liverpool are the only English teams to have lifted the Club World Cup.\n\nEngland's first competition organised by a national body, the FA Cup, began in the 1871–72 season, making it one of the oldest football competitions in the world.Arsenal hold the record number of wins, with 14. League football began in the next decade with the founding of The Football League in 1888–89. The name First Division was adopted in 1892, when The Football League gained a second division. The First Division remained the highest division of the English league system until 1992, when the Premier League was founded. Manchester United have won the most top division titles, 20. The English equivalent of the super cup began in 1898 with the inauguration of the Sheriff of London Charity Shield, pitting the best professional and amateur sides of the year against each other. The trophy would develop into the FA Charity Shield in 1908, which was later renamed the FA Community Shield in 2002. Manchester United also hold the record here, with 21 wins. The Football League created its own knockout competition in 1960, the League Cup. Its current record is nine wins, held by Liverpool. The Anglo-Italian League Cup was created in 1969 to match English cup winners against the winners of the Coppa Italia, and was permanently disbanded in 1976. In 1985, the Full Members' Cup and Football League Super Cup were created as substitutes for UEFA competitions after UEFA responded to the Heysel Stadium disaster by banning English clubs. They finished in 1992 and 1986, respectively. The Football League Centenary Trophy marked The Football League's 100th birthday, in the 1988–89 season \n\nLower down in the hierarchy of English football are many other competitions, not included in the tables on this page. These include competitions run by the above national governing bodies, but organised for clubs ineligible for higher competitions. For example, the Texaco Cup and EFL Trophy. Regional competitions are organised by County Football Associations. In the years when league football was unavailable or only available to northern and midlands clubs, the county competitions coexisted with the FA Cup as the main tournaments for clubs. Nowadays, county cups are contested by lower or regional division teams and those that still participate generally field youth or reserve sides.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the list of football clubs in England by competitive honours won? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why do you love travelling",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Because it keeps you going? It will give you enough O2 to live!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do you love travelling |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is your biggest pet peeve when using email filters to organize your Inbox?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Most email productivity applications allow the creation of \"folders\" (ex. Microsoft Outlook) and others allow the creation of \"labels\" (ex. Gmail). But in both cases, the application allows you to organize emails by using filters or rules to automatically store them in a particular folder or apply a specific label for easy retrieval at a later time. The key distinction, however, is that an email can belong to only one folder at a time i.e., a 1-1 relationship, whereas a variety of labels can be applied on a single email i.e., a 1-many relationship. I love using email filter rules just as much as anyone that's interested in taming their email Inbox. But I sometimes find myself not reading an important email either until it's very late or end up missing it entirely because the email skips the Inbox (where I spend most of my time) when a rule is triggered. And that drives me nuts. I hear you saying, \"then why don't you edit the rule so that the email does not skip the inbox when it is triggered?\". And to that I would respond, \"then wouldn't that defeat the purpose and original intent of the rule? What's the point of creating a rule if all your emails end up in the Inbox view?\". That, in essence, is my biggest pet peeve when using email filters to organize my Inbox.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is your biggest pet peeve when using email filters to organize your Inbox? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Can you tell me which of the following are days and which are months? Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, October, March, February.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday are days, while October, March and February are months.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Can you tell me which of the following are days and which are months? Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, October, March, February. |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a paragraph on how cricket format has evolved over time",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cricket has evolved into shorter format over the years. It started as a 5 day format usually resulting in a draw. It shifted to a shorter format that took a day to complete. The game got more aggressive in strategy and usually resulted in a definitive result. Players got more creative to push the envelope in both batting and bowling. The absolute scores in the game went up. The next shift further reduced the game to 3 hours. Players got even more aggressive and unpredictable with interesting outcomes. The latest version is called T20. It has led to a lot more leagues and providing youngsters more opportunities to shine.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a paragraph on how cricket format has evolved over time |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following items would I need on a surf trip? Surfboard, leash, tent, knife, wetsuit, batteries, granola bars, bag of grapes, lead weights, a dump truck, the complete collection of Beach Boys albums on vinyl.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The useful items are a surfboard, leash, wetsuit and granola bars",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following items would I need on a surf trip? Surfboard, leash, tent, knife, wetsuit, batteries, granola bars, bag of grapes, lead weights, a dump truck, the complete collection of Beach Boys albums on vinyl. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of the best PC games of all time.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Disco Elysium: The Final Cut\nHalf-Life 2\nGrand Theft Auto V\nThe Orange Box\nHalf-Life\nBioShock\nBaldur's Gate II: Shadows of Amn\nPersona 5 Royal\nPortal 2\nThe Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of the best PC games of all time. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Pokémon franchise began as Pocket Monsters: Red and Green (later released outside of Japan as Pokémon Red and Blue), a pair of video games for the original Game Boy handheld system that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo in February 1996. Pokémon soon became a media mix franchise adapted into various different media, with the Pokémon Trading Card Game released in October 1996, the Pokémon Adventures manga first released in Japan in March 1997, and the Pocket Monsters: Original Series released in April 1997. Pocket Pikachu was released in Japan in March 1998, with the first ever Pokémon film, Pokémon: The First Movie, first released in Japan in July 1998.\n\nIn 1998, Nintendo spent $25 million promoting Pokémon in the United States in partnership with Hasbro, KFC, and others. Nintendo initially feared that Pokémon was too Japanese for Western tastes but Alfred Kahn, then CEO of 4Kids Entertainment, convinced the company otherwise. The one who spotted Pokémon's potential in the United States was Kahn's colleague Thomas Kenney.\n\nIn November 2005, 4Kids Entertainment, which had managed the non-game related licensing of Pokémon, announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokémon representation agreement. The Pokémon Company International oversees all Pokémon licensing outside Asia. In 2006, the franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary with the release of Pokémon Diamond and Pearl. In 2016, the Pokémon Company celebrated Pokémon's 20th anniversary by airing an ad during Super Bowl 50 in January and re-releasing the first Pokémon video games 1996 Game Boy games Pokémon Red, Green (only in Japan), and Blue, and the 1998 Game Boy Color game Pokémon Yellow for the Nintendo 3DS on February 26, 2016. The mobile augmented reality game Pokémon Go was released in July 2016. Pokémon Sun and Moon also released in the same year. The first live-action film in the franchise, Pokémon Detective Pikachu, based on the 2018 Nintendo 3DS spin-off game Detective Pikachu, was released in 2019. The eighth generation of core series games began with Pokémon Sword and Shield, released worldwide on the Nintendo Switch on November 15, 2019. How did Pokemon start?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pokemon started out as Pocket Monsters in February of 1996 and was released as a pair of games for the Nintendo Game Boy. It quickly evolved into a mix of media such as the Pokemon Trading Card Game, the Pokemon manga, and the Pokemon anime show in 1997. After Pokemon continued gaining popularity in Japan in 1998, Nintendo spent $25 million to bring Pokemon to the United States, which was also a huge success, and the rest is history.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Pokémon franchise began as Pocket Monsters: Red and Green (later released outside of Japan as Pokémon Red and Blue), a pair of video games for the original Game Boy handheld system that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo in February 1996. Pokémon soon became a media mix franchise adapted into various different media, with the Pokémon Trading Card Game released in October 1996, the Pokémon Adventures manga first released in Japan in March 1997, and the Pocket Monsters: Original Series released in April 1997. Pocket Pikachu was released in Japan in March 1998, with the first ever Pokémon film, Pokémon: The First Movie, first released in Japan in July 1998.
In 1998, Nintendo spent $25 million promoting Pokémon in the United States in partnership with Hasbro, KFC, and others. Nintendo initially feared that Pokémon was too Japanese for Western tastes but Alfred Kahn, then CEO of 4Kids Entertainment, convinced the company otherwise. The one who spotted Pokémon's potential in the United States was Kahn's colleague Thomas Kenney.
In November 2005, 4Kids Entertainment, which had managed the non-game related licensing of Pokémon, announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokémon representation agreement. The Pokémon Company International oversees all Pokémon licensing outside Asia. In 2006, the franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary with the release of Pokémon Diamond and Pearl. In 2016, the Pokémon Company celebrated Pokémon's 20th anniversary by airing an ad during Super Bowl 50 in January and re-releasing the first Pokémon video games 1996 Game Boy games Pokémon Red, Green (only in Japan), and Blue, and the 1998 Game Boy Color game Pokémon Yellow for the Nintendo 3DS on February 26, 2016. The mobile augmented reality game Pokémon Go was released in July 2016. Pokémon Sun and Moon also released in the same year. The first live-action film in the franchise, Pokémon Detective Pikachu, based on the 2018 Nintendo 3DS spin-off game Detective Pikachu, was released in 2019. The eighth generation of core series games began with Pokémon Sword and Shield, released worldwide on the Nintendo Switch on November 15, 2019. How did Pokemon start? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Indermaur works as a marketing specialist for her husband's technical trading company and is the chief executive officer of Comate, a marketing agency. Does Indermaur work as CTO, CEO, or CFO?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "CEO",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Indermaur works as a marketing specialist for her husband's technical trading company and is the chief executive officer of Comate, a marketing agency. Does Indermaur work as CTO, CEO, or CFO? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Fiat, Dodge",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Dodge is American, Fiat is Italian",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Fiat, Dodge |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi] or [həˈwɐjʔi]) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics. Where is Hawaii?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean, about two thousand miles from the west coast of North America",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi] or [həˈwɐjʔi]) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics. Where is Hawaii? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Please tell me whether these are fish or fowl: salmon, chicken, tuna, swordfish, turkey, and halibut.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The fish are: salmon, tuna, swordfish, and halibut. The fowl (i.e., birds) are chicken and turkey.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Please tell me whether these are fish or fowl: salmon, chicken, tuna, swordfish, turkey, and halibut. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What does percolate mean?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Percolation is a way to filter a fluid or other substance through a porous filter media. Substances that can be percolated are water, coffee, etc. The trickling effect of these substances through a porous media implies what comes out of the filter media is better tasting than what was before the filter media. It can also mean it has better quality, less contamination, or reduce acidity.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What does percolate mean? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following into either a solid, liquid or gas: blood, xenon, gold, wood, neon, brick, milk, xenon, coffee, gases, helium",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "solid: gold, wood, brick\nliquid: milk, blood, coffee\ngas: helium, xenon, neon",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following into either a solid, liquid or gas: blood, xenon, gold, wood, neon, brick, milk, xenon, coffee, gases, helium |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tyrannosaurus Rex, Amazon River Dolphin",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tyrannosaurus Rex is extinct, Amazon River Dolphin is alive.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tyrannosaurus Rex, Amazon River Dolphin |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "In 1950s Japan, university professor Tatsuo Kusakabe and his daughters Satsuki and Mei (approximately ten and four years old, respectively) move into an old house close to the hospital where the girls' mother Yasuko is recovering from a long-term illness. The house is inhabited by small, dark, dust-like house spirits called susuwatari, which can be seen when moving from bright places to dark ones.[note 1] When the girls become comfortable in their new house, the susuwatari leave to find another empty house. Mei later discovers two small spirits who lead her into the hollow of a large camphor tree. She befriends a larger spirit, which identifies itself using a series of roars she interprets as \"Totoro\". Mei thinks Totoro is the troll from her illustrated book Three Billy Goats Gruff, with her mispronouncing troll. Mei falls asleep atop Totoro but when Satsuki finds her, she is on the ground. Despite many attempts, Mei cannot show her family Totoro's tree. Tatsuo comforts her by telling her Totoro will reveal himself when he wants to. Who are the little Japanese girls who find Totoro?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mei and Satsuki are the two Japanese girls who discover Totoro in the famous Japanese anime My Neighbour Totoro.",
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}
]
| In 1950s Japan, university professor Tatsuo Kusakabe and his daughters Satsuki and Mei (approximately ten and four years old, respectively) move into an old house close to the hospital where the girls' mother Yasuko is recovering from a long-term illness. The house is inhabited by small, dark, dust-like house spirits called susuwatari, which can be seen when moving from bright places to dark ones.[note 1] When the girls become comfortable in their new house, the susuwatari leave to find another empty house. Mei later discovers two small spirits who lead her into the hollow of a large camphor tree. She befriends a larger spirit, which identifies itself using a series of roars she interprets as "Totoro". Mei thinks Totoro is the troll from her illustrated book Three Billy Goats Gruff, with her mispronouncing troll. Mei falls asleep atop Totoro but when Satsuki finds her, she is on the ground. Despite many attempts, Mei cannot show her family Totoro's tree. Tatsuo comforts her by telling her Totoro will reveal himself when he wants to. Who are the little Japanese girls who find Totoro? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a traditional IRA or 401k?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The two primary options for retirement savings include individual retirement accounts and a defined contribution plan such as a 401k. Individuals can choose to save on their own and open an IRA, however a IRA opened by an individual won't carry the benefit of employer matching. Typically individuals contribute a percentage of their salary to their 401k, and many employers may offer matching contributions to that 401k up to a specified dollar amount.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a traditional IRA or 401k? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is Michael Jordan?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Michael Jordan (not to be confused with Michael B Jordan, the actor), is widely considered the best basketball player of all time. He played college basketball at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and then was drafted by the Chicago Bulls of the NBA. In the 1990s, Jordan’s Bulls teams won six championships, interrupted by his temporary retirement, during which he played professional baseball. After retiring from basketball, Jordan became a co-owner of the Charlotte Bobcats. Early in his basketball career, Jordan signed an unprecedented sponsorship deal with Nike to make his own branded “Air Jordan” high-top shoes, the largest of a series of high profile endorsements that has enabled him to become a billionaire.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is Michael Jordan? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do I train for a marathon?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To train for a marathon, start training 16 to 20 weeks before the day of the race. Your weekly milage should already be about 30 miles per week, with a strong 10 miler long run each week. Gradually build your mileage each week by 10% to 20%. You can also train based on time on your feet, rather than mileage. Your diet may need to be adjusted depending on the number of days/week you are training and your basal metabolic rate. Avoid injury by stretching daily and cross-training at least once a week. Run at least three 18-20 milers within the last 6 weeks of your training. Two weeks before the race, taper your runs to be shorter, with your last 2 long runs being about 15-17 miles and 10-12 miles.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do I train for a marathon? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "William Crump or Crompe (born by 1479 – 1516 or later), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician. Who is William Crump?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Crump was a common councilman of Canterbury by 1500, chamberlain in 1503–1505, an alderman by 1505 and Mayor of Canterbury for 1505–06 and 1509–10. He was elected a Member of Parliament for Canterbury, Kent in 1510.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| William Crump or Crompe (born by 1479 – 1516 or later), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician. Who is William Crump? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How long does it take to make Kombucha?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Many home brewers create kombucha using a two-step fermentation process. First, the sweet tea and SCOBY are combined in a container with a lid that is not airtight, but would keep out dust, debris, and any bugs. A dish cloth secured over the opening of a mason jar or crock is the simple set up of many home brewers. Leave this mixture at room temperature to ferment for 2-5 days, until the taste is to your liking. When ready, bottle the kombucha in airtight containers and add any flavor enhancing ingredients such as syrups, herbs, juices or fruit. Allow to ferment an additional 1-3 days to taste. Popular flavor enhancers include ginger, blueberry, strawberry, pineapple, mint.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How long does it take to make Kombucha? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Pareto principle states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes (the \"vital few\"). Other names for this principle are the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, or the principle of factor sparsity. What is the Pareto principle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Pareto principle also known as the 80/20 rule or the law of the vital few, states that roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes. For example 80% of revenue comes from 20% of customers (the vital few).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Pareto principle states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes (the "vital few"). Other names for this principle are the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, or the principle of factor sparsity. What is the Pareto principle? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Brac, Piri",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Piri is woodwind, Brac is string.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Brac, Piri |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "How many sexes are there and how many genders are there and what's the difference?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are two sexes - male and female, and three genders - male, female, and other. The other gender includes non-binary genders, such as agender, genderqueer, androgynous, and intersex. There are many different gender identities, including male, female, transgender, gender neutral, non-binary, agender, pangender, genderqueer, two-spirit, third gender, and all, none or a combination of these.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many sexes are there and how many genders are there and what's the difference? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some fun ways that you could spend time with your family?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many different fun activities that you could do with your family. Some examples include going for a walk, visiting a museum, watching a movie, doing an arts and crafts project, playing a board game, or trying a new restaurant. Please note that your decision ought to consider factors such as the ages, health, interests, and available time of the family members.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some fun ways that you could spend time with your family? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who sings the song call \"heartbreak anniversary\"?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Giveon",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who sings the song call "heartbreak anniversary"? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify these as healthy or not healthy food options or not a food: french fries, KFC, apple, fruit salad, steak, beer, wine, whisky, potato chips, baked cauliflower, wrench, gravel, McDonald's, Turkish kebab, pear, bricks, aloe vera, sand.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Healthy food options are: apple, fruit salad, steak, baked cauliflower, pear.\nNot healthy food options are: french fries, KFC, beer, wine, whisky, potato chips, McDonald's, Turkish kebab.\nNot a food: wrench, gravel, bricks, aloe vera, sand.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify these as healthy or not healthy food options or not a food: french fries, KFC, apple, fruit salad, steak, beer, wine, whisky, potato chips, baked cauliflower, wrench, gravel, McDonald's, Turkish kebab, pear, bricks, aloe vera, sand. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Ethiopia known for from agriculture perspective?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ethiopia is well known for its exports of coffee, sesame seeds, gold, cut flowers, and zinc(World bank data). In terms of geography and climate, Ethiopia is slightly less than twice the size of Texas and has a tropical monsoon climate with wide topographic-induced variation (World factbook). The country is located on a high plateau with a central mountain range that is divided by the Great Rift Valley. The typical family size in Ethiopia is five members, and the type of dwelling they live in depends on whether they are in a rural or urban area. In Ethiopia, many families live in traditional thatched-roof houses made of mud or wattle and daub, while urban dwellings are more likely to be made of brick or concrete. However, they may still be relatively small and basic, with limited amenities, and many families in urban areas live in overcrowded and informal settlements that lack basic infrastructure and services. (International Labour Organization)",
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}
]
| What is Ethiopia known for from agriculture perspective? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are four creative ways to use a chess set besides playing chess?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You could use the pieces to invent a different war game; you could create a bottle flipping game with the king and queen; if the pieces are wood, you could use them as kindling for a Bo fire; and you could use the pieces as decorative paper weights.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are four creative ways to use a chess set besides playing chess? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/ (listen); singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. Most bacteria have not been characterised and there are many species that cannot be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology. From the passage identify the places where Bacteria inhabits. Display the results in comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, deep biosphere of Earth's crust",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/ (listen); singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. Most bacteria have not been characterised and there are many species that cannot be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology. From the passage identify the places where Bacteria inhabits. Display the results in comma separated format. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Who amongst these are women: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, PV Sindhu, Virender Sehwag, Maria Sharapova, Steffi Graf, Venus Williams.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Serena Williams, PV Sindhu, Maria Sharapova, Steffi Graf, Venus Williams are women.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who amongst these are women: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, PV Sindhu, Virender Sehwag, Maria Sharapova, Steffi Graf, Venus Williams. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Lotec, Aurica Motors",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lotec is German, Aurica Motors is American",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Lotec, Aurica Motors |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is OAuth 2.0?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "OAuth 2.0, which stands for “Open Authorization”, is a standard designed to allow a website or application to access resources hosted by other web apps on behalf of a user. It replaced OAuth 1.0 in 2012 and is now the de facto industry standard for online authorization.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is OAuth 2.0? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Star Wars (retroactively titled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century-Fox. It is the first film in the Star Wars film series and fourth chronological chapter of the \"Skywalker Saga\". Set \"a long time ago\" in a fictional universe where the galaxy is ruled by the tyrannical Galactic Empire, the story focuses on a group of freedom fighters known as the Rebel Alliance, who aim to destroy the Empire's newest weapon, the Death Star. Luke Skywalker becomes caught in the conflict while learning the ways of a metaphysical power known as \"the Force\" from Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi. The cast includes Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew. From the passage provided, extract the name of the Director of the Star Wars movie",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Star wars was directed and written by George Lucas",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Star Wars (retroactively titled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century-Fox. It is the first film in the Star Wars film series and fourth chronological chapter of the "Skywalker Saga". Set "a long time ago" in a fictional universe where the galaxy is ruled by the tyrannical Galactic Empire, the story focuses on a group of freedom fighters known as the Rebel Alliance, who aim to destroy the Empire's newest weapon, the Death Star. Luke Skywalker becomes caught in the conflict while learning the ways of a metaphysical power known as "the Force" from Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi. The cast includes Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew. From the passage provided, extract the name of the Director of the Star Wars movie |
summarization | [
{
"content": "A medium-sized hunting dog breed called the Korean Jindo Dog originates from Jindo. It is known in Korea for its fierce loyalty, attachment to home and hunting abilities. Since 1936, the dog is considered as a national cultural legacy and has been protected during the war times. There is a Jindo Dog Research and Testing Center on the island.\n\nThe tide-related sea level variations result in a land pass 2.9 km long and 10–40 meters wide opening for approximately an hour between the main Jindo island and the small Modo island to the south of Jindo. The event occurs about twice a year, around April–June. It had long been celebrated in a local festival called \"Jindo's Sea Way\", but was largely unknown to the world until 1975, when the French ambassador Pierre Randi described the phenomenon in a French newspaper. Nowadays, nearly half a million foreign and local tourists attend the event annually. It is accompanied by local festivals which include Ganggangsuwollae (Korean traditional circle dance), Ssitkim-gut (a shaman ritual, consoling the souls of the dead), Deul Norae (traditional farmers songs), Manga (burial ceremony songs), Jindo dog show, Buknori (drum performance) and fireworks.\n\nThe island has three art galleries, Sojun, Namjin and Sochi, containing collections of painters who worked here over the past centuries. What are some of the ways that people celebrate the \"Jindo's Sea Way\" festival in South Korea?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Almost half a million people travel to Jindo annually to celebrate the \"Jindo's Sea Way\" festival each year. Celebrations include traditional circle dancing, farmer songs, fireworks, and a Jindo dog show.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A medium-sized hunting dog breed called the Korean Jindo Dog originates from Jindo. It is known in Korea for its fierce loyalty, attachment to home and hunting abilities. Since 1936, the dog is considered as a national cultural legacy and has been protected during the war times. There is a Jindo Dog Research and Testing Center on the island.
The tide-related sea level variations result in a land pass 2.9 km long and 10–40 meters wide opening for approximately an hour between the main Jindo island and the small Modo island to the south of Jindo. The event occurs about twice a year, around April–June. It had long been celebrated in a local festival called "Jindo's Sea Way", but was largely unknown to the world until 1975, when the French ambassador Pierre Randi described the phenomenon in a French newspaper. Nowadays, nearly half a million foreign and local tourists attend the event annually. It is accompanied by local festivals which include Ganggangsuwollae (Korean traditional circle dance), Ssitkim-gut (a shaman ritual, consoling the souls of the dead), Deul Norae (traditional farmers songs), Manga (burial ceremony songs), Jindo dog show, Buknori (drum performance) and fireworks.
The island has three art galleries, Sojun, Namjin and Sochi, containing collections of painters who worked here over the past centuries. What are some of the ways that people celebrate the "Jindo's Sea Way" festival in South Korea? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Nando's?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nando's is a South African/Portuguese inspired chicken restaurant that has a number or restaurants around the UK.\nIt is piri piri inspired and specialises in grilled chicken.\nThe piri piri sauce is made from Birds Eye chillis from Mozambique which is basted across the grilled chicken.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Nando's? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Is it advisable to dress in costume for a musical theater audition?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No, this is usually not advisable. It is often considered \"too much\" or the sign of an inexperienced actor to come to the call in full costume. It is recommended that an auditioner dress for confidence, and for comfort and movement (especially if there will be a dance call), However, it is always good advice to keep the appearance, style and personality of the character you are most interested in top of mind when choosing how to present yourself at an audition.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is it advisable to dress in costume for a musical theater audition? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is an umbrella useful?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The top of an umbrella is made with waterproof material attached to a long handle so that it extends over the head and protects its owner from rain. The material folds down so that it can be easily carried when not needed. Often, the handle also collapses so that the umbrella becomes small enough to fit into a bag.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is an umbrella useful? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Humanism?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Humanism is a belief system that emphasizes the power of the human individual rather than any god or other divinity. Humanists believe in the innate goodness of human beings, the inherent capacity of humans to care about each other, and it stresses the rational in explaining the world around us. It is a belief system for those who cannot embrace the supernatural and prefer instead to reside in the actual world and try to understand it with scientific explanations. Humanists use facts, reasoning, and empathy to make decisions. Some others call Humanism 'Good without god'. Humanists aren't openly hostile or antagonistic towards organized religions, but instead they respect that everyone has the right to their own beliefs.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Humanism? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a summary of the outdoor activities to do in Colorado",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many outdoor activities that you can do in Colorado year around. It is best to determine whether you want to participate in those activities during summer or winter. For summer outdoor activities, there are adventurous activities like hiking, mountain biking, whitewater rafting and fly-fishing. There are also many outdoor activities in the winter like downhill skiing, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, snowshoeing and snowmobiling. Regardless of the time of year, there are many outdoor activities that you can do in Colorado.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a summary of the outdoor activities to do in Colorado |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Serhiy Viktorovych Malyi (Ukrainian: Сергій Вікторович Малий; born 5 June 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Tobol. Born in Ukraine, he represents the Kazakhstan national team. Who is Serhiy Malyi?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Serhiy Malyi is a professional footballer who plays defense for Tobol. He also represents the Kazakhstan national team.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Serhiy Viktorovych Malyi (Ukrainian: Сергій Вікторович Малий; born 5 June 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Tobol. Born in Ukraine, he represents the Kazakhstan national team. Who is Serhiy Malyi? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of these US states either border the ocean or are land-locked: Colorado, Alaska, Wisconsin, Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, Indiana, Maine, Nebraska, Florida and California.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "These US States have an ocean border: Alaska, Florida, Washington, Oregon, Maine, California, and Hawaii. These US States are landlocked: Nebraska, Colorado, Indiana, and Wisconsin.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of these US states either border the ocean or are land-locked: Colorado, Alaska, Wisconsin, Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, Indiana, Maine, Nebraska, Florida and California. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "John Rennie is an American college soccer coach. He was a five-time ACC Coach of the Year and the 1982 NSCAA Coach of the Year. He attended Chatham High School in New Jersey. He then played baseball, soccer, and tennis for the Temple Owls.\n\nIn 1972, he was the head men's soccer coach at Southeastern Massachusetts, where his team had a record of 12–4–3. He was the head coach for the Columbia Lions from 1973–1978. His Columbia teams went 4–32–4 from 1973–1975, but in 1978 he led Columbia to an Ivy League Championship and an NCAA Tournament appearance.\n\nDuring his time at Duke he led the team to five NCAA College Cups in 1982, 1986, 1992, 1995, and 2004. His team's 1986 national championship was Duke's first in any sport.\n\nRennie finished his career with 454 wins and is one of only eight coaches all-time to get 400 wins with a Division I program.\n\nHe was inducted into the North Carolina Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011 and the Duke Athletics Hall of Fame in 2013. From the passage provided, extract detail on when John Rennie first led Duke to a NCAA college cup",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "John Rennie is an American college soccer coach and five-time winner of ACC Coach of the Year. While coach of the Duke soccer team he successfully led the team to five NCAA College Cups, the first of which was in 1982.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| John Rennie is an American college soccer coach. He was a five-time ACC Coach of the Year and the 1982 NSCAA Coach of the Year. He attended Chatham High School in New Jersey. He then played baseball, soccer, and tennis for the Temple Owls.
In 1972, he was the head men's soccer coach at Southeastern Massachusetts, where his team had a record of 12–4–3. He was the head coach for the Columbia Lions from 1973–1978. His Columbia teams went 4–32–4 from 1973–1975, but in 1978 he led Columbia to an Ivy League Championship and an NCAA Tournament appearance.
During his time at Duke he led the team to five NCAA College Cups in 1982, 1986, 1992, 1995, and 2004. His team's 1986 national championship was Duke's first in any sport.
Rennie finished his career with 454 wins and is one of only eight coaches all-time to get 400 wins with a Division I program.
He was inducted into the North Carolina Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011 and the Duke Athletics Hall of Fame in 2013. From the passage provided, extract detail on when John Rennie first led Duke to a NCAA college cup |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "If you could come back to life as any person, animal or thing, what or who would you be and how would you live your second life?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If I were to come back to life as anything, I would love to come back as a dog. Ideally, I would be with a loving family since from my early years as a puppy and be their guard dog. I would ensure that they would be loved, cuddled and cared for every day. Many times they will have to pick up after me because as a puppy I won't know any better and I need them to teach me all the things I need to know. Over the years, I will get to enjoy going on walks to the park, lay on the couch, do tricks for treats and play with my humans. My goal would be to ensure that everyone around me knows that they are loved by me. This world needs more kind souls and love and that's why I would come back as a dog.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| If you could come back to life as any person, animal or thing, what or who would you be and how would you live your second life? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a stern email to your dog asking him not to chew on the couch leg anymore.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Dear Mr. Cody,\n\nI was hoping this issue would be taken care of by now, but it seems you still haven't learned your lesson. You can imagine how disappointed I was to come home yesterday and see new bite marks on the couch legs. \n\nIf this was the first time maybe I wouldn't need to write this email, but this has been an ongoing problem ever since we brought home the new couch. I feel like I can't trust you anymore, which is a terrible feeling for me.\n\nConsider this your final warning before more drastic action is taken (e.g. kenneling, the cone). I have taken pictures of every angle of the couch legs and I'll be able to tell if you even put one tooth into that wood.\n\nOn the other hand, if you show me that I can trust you, I might be able to pick up some more Beggin' Strips next time at the store.\n\nI appreciate your cooperation and I hope we can get past this.\n\nRegards,\n\nYour Owner",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a stern email to your dog asking him not to chew on the couch leg anymore. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Mahābhārata (/məˌhɑːˈbɑːrətə, ˌmɑːhə-/ mə-HAH-BAR-ə-tə, MAH-hə-; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːrɐt̪ɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors.\n\nIt also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or puruṣārtha (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, the story of Shakuntala, the story of Pururava and Urvashi, the story of Savitri and Satyavan, the story of Kacha and Devayani, the story of Rishyasringa and an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, often considered as works in their own right.\n\n\nKrishna and Arjuna at Kurukshetra, 18th–19th-century painting. From the passage provided, extract the names of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. Separate them with a comma.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Mahābhārata (/məˌhɑːˈbɑːrətə, ˌmɑːhə-/ mə-HAH-BAR-ə-tə, MAH-hə-; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːrɐt̪ɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors.
It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or puruṣārtha (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, the story of Shakuntala, the story of Pururava and Urvashi, the story of Savitri and Satyavan, the story of Kacha and Devayani, the story of Rishyasringa and an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, often considered as works in their own right.
Krishna and Arjuna at Kurukshetra, 18th–19th-century painting. From the passage provided, extract the names of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. Separate them with a comma. |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "I want to buy a new car. This is a difficult financial decision, but our car is 12 years old. Can you write some reasons I can give to my partner so she's on board with this decision.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Buying a new car is usually one of the main financial decisions a person has to take. A new car depreciates quickly, and it is definitely not an investment, but there are some reasons to buy a new car if you have an old one, for example:\n\n- New cars are more ecological, and usually include electric propulsion, which is better for the environment. \n- New cars are safer. A lot of the R&D budget from manufacturers goes into making the car safer both for the people in it and for the pedestrians.\n- A new car usually has more features which can make driving a better experience: GPS connectivity, better seats or better lightning are some of them. \n- A new car is also an experience - if you like driving, it can make you happier to drive a new models and enjoy its features.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| I want to buy a new car. This is a difficult financial decision, but our car is 12 years old. Can you write some reasons I can give to my partner so she's on board with this decision. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a smart contract?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A smart contract is a computer program or a transaction protocol that is intended to automatically execute, control or document events and actions according to the terms of a contract or an agreement. The objectives of smart contracts are the reduction of need for trusted intermediators, arbitration costs, and fraud losses, as well as the reduction of malicious and accidental exceptions. Smart contracts are commonly associated with cryptocurrencies, and the smart contracts introduced by Ethereum are generally considered a fundamental building block for decentralized finance (DeFi) and NFT applications.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a smart contract? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the name of the famous park in New York City?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Central Park",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the name of the famous park in New York City? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The 2022 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2022 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 16 April to 2 May 2022 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, the 46th consecutive year the World Snooker Championship was held at the venue. The 16th and final ranking event of the 2021–22 snooker season, the tournament was organised by the World Snooker Tour and sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, in Europe (including the UK) by Eurosport, and elsewhere in the world by Matchroom Sport and other broadcasters. The total prize fund was £2,395,000, of which the winner received £500,000.\n\nQualifying rounds for the tournament took place from 4 to 13 April 2022 at the English Institute of Sport, featuring 128 professional and invited amateur players. The main stage of the tournament featured 32 players: the top 16 players from the snooker world rankings and another 16 players from the qualifying rounds. Ashley Hugill, Jackson Page, and Hossein Vafaei were debutants at the Crucible, Vafaei being the first Iranian player to reach the main stage. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having won the 2021 final 18–15 against Shaun Murphy. He lost 10–13 to Yan Bingtao in a second-round match that produced the longest frame ever played at the Crucible, lasting 85 minutes.\n\nRonnie O'Sullivan equalled Steve Davis's record of 30 Crucible appearances. He reached a record 20th quarter-final and a record 13th semi-final before defeating Judd Trump 18–13 in the final to equal Stephen Hendry's record of seven world titles. It was O'Sullivan's 39th ranking title and 21st Triple Crown title. Aged 46 years and 148 days, he became the oldest world champion in the sport's history, surpassing Ray Reardon, who was aged 45 years and 203 days when he won his last world title in 1978. O'Sullivan also broke Hendry's record of 70 wins at the Crucible, setting a new record of 74.\n\nNeil Robertson made a maximum break in his second-round match against Jack Lisowski, the fifth of his career and the 12th time a 147 had been achieved at the Crucible. Graeme Dott also made a maximum break in his third-round qualifying match against Pang Junxu, the second of his career and the fifth time that a maximum had been made in the World Championship qualifiers. The main stage produced a record 109 century breaks, surpassing the 108 centuries made the preceding year. Mark Williams made 16 centuries during the event, equalling the record set by Hendry in 2002. Extract from the paragraph the winner of the 2022 World Snooker Championship.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ronnie O'Sullivan",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The 2022 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2022 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 16 April to 2 May 2022 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, the 46th consecutive year the World Snooker Championship was held at the venue. The 16th and final ranking event of the 2021–22 snooker season, the tournament was organised by the World Snooker Tour and sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, in Europe (including the UK) by Eurosport, and elsewhere in the world by Matchroom Sport and other broadcasters. The total prize fund was £2,395,000, of which the winner received £500,000.
Qualifying rounds for the tournament took place from 4 to 13 April 2022 at the English Institute of Sport, featuring 128 professional and invited amateur players. The main stage of the tournament featured 32 players: the top 16 players from the snooker world rankings and another 16 players from the qualifying rounds. Ashley Hugill, Jackson Page, and Hossein Vafaei were debutants at the Crucible, Vafaei being the first Iranian player to reach the main stage. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having won the 2021 final 18–15 against Shaun Murphy. He lost 10–13 to Yan Bingtao in a second-round match that produced the longest frame ever played at the Crucible, lasting 85 minutes.
Ronnie O'Sullivan equalled Steve Davis's record of 30 Crucible appearances. He reached a record 20th quarter-final and a record 13th semi-final before defeating Judd Trump 18–13 in the final to equal Stephen Hendry's record of seven world titles. It was O'Sullivan's 39th ranking title and 21st Triple Crown title. Aged 46 years and 148 days, he became the oldest world champion in the sport's history, surpassing Ray Reardon, who was aged 45 years and 203 days when he won his last world title in 1978. O'Sullivan also broke Hendry's record of 70 wins at the Crucible, setting a new record of 74.
Neil Robertson made a maximum break in his second-round match against Jack Lisowski, the fifth of his career and the 12th time a 147 had been achieved at the Crucible. Graeme Dott also made a maximum break in his third-round qualifying match against Pang Junxu, the second of his career and the fifth time that a maximum had been made in the World Championship qualifiers. The main stage produced a record 109 century breaks, surpassing the 108 centuries made the preceding year. Mark Williams made 16 centuries during the event, equalling the record set by Hendry in 2002. Extract from the paragraph the winner of the 2022 World Snooker Championship. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a 4x4?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A 4x4 is a type of vehicle with four wheel drive. It is also know as a SUV, a sports utility vehicle. They are typically higher off the ground than standard cars, with more room inside the cabin. 4x4s typically are heavier with poorer handling, but have the capacity to drive off-road and cope with poor weather conditions much better.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a 4x4? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these are names of automobile or motorcycle companies: Ford, Triumph, Indian, Harley Davidson, Rolls Royce, Mercedes, Toyota.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ford is an automobile company.\nTriumph is a motorcycle company.\nIndian is a motorcycle company.\nHarley Davidson is a motorcycle company.\nRolls Royce is an automobile company.\nMercedes is an automobile company.\nToyota is an automobile company.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these are names of automobile or motorcycle companies: Ford, Triumph, Indian, Harley Davidson, Rolls Royce, Mercedes, Toyota. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "According to Greek mythology, who was the first woman on earth?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pandora",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| According to Greek mythology, who was the first woman on earth? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the tallest structure in the Western Hemisphere?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada is the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. It was completed in 1976, and was the tallest structure in the world from 1975 until 2007, when it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the tallest structure in the Western Hemisphere? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which bird has the longest wingspan?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Its the Wandering Albatross with wingspans ranging from 8 to 11 feet.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which bird has the longest wingspan? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Which ski pass, between IKON pass and Epic pass, should I buy if I live in the Bay area and mostly go to the Lake Tahoe area for skiing.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Although both passes provide great value when you visit the snow resorts more than 7 days each snow season, they have some differences that you need to consider before you make the purchase.\nFor IKON pass, you can access 14 ski resorts for unlimited time and over 40 ski resorts for max 7 days each snow season. The nearest ski resort for you resides in the greater bay area would be Palisades Tahoe. \nFor Epic pass, the nearest ski resort near the bay area would be the North Star ski resort, Kirkland ski resort and Heavenly ski resort, all of them reside in the Lake Tahoe area. \nI would recommend buying the epic pass because you will have more options to choose from in the lake tahoe area.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which ski pass, between IKON pass and Epic pass, should I buy if I live in the Bay area and mostly go to the Lake Tahoe area for skiing. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of Tour de France general Classification winners who have won more than 4 times.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jacques Anquetil, Eddie Merckx, Bernard Hinault, Miguel Indurain and Lance Armstrong. Lance Armstrong has won seven times but had those victories rescinded after admitting to using performance enhancing drugs.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of Tour de France general Classification winners who have won more than 4 times. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Rudzk Duży [ˈrut͡sk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Piotrków Kujawski, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radziejów, and 59 km (37 mi) south of Toruń. Which of the other locations mentioned in this article is closest to Rudzk Duży?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Piotrków Kujawski. Rudzk Duży is closest to Piotrków Kujawski.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Rudzk Duży [ˈrut͡sk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Piotrków Kujawski, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radziejów, and 59 km (37 mi) south of Toruń. Which of the other locations mentioned in this article is closest to Rudzk Duży? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. \nThe earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples.\nThe date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue.\nFigs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form.\nGrape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs.\nFrom the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency.\nHaving dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: \"She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year.\"\nFigs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals.\nPlums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices. How popular were figs in ancient Rome?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Figs were extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness.
The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples.
The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue.
Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form.
Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs.
From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency.
Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."
Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals.
Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices. How popular were figs in ancient Rome? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a calendar?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A calendar is an arrangement of a depiction of time defined by humans. It is a collection of multiple days that makes up a month with multiple months representing a year of time. Each day of the week on a calendar is assigned a word to represent the day - Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. A calendar is used for planning scheduled events in the future, remembering birthdays, and other important dates like tests in school. A calendar can also be broken down into seasonal months that represent the months that match the weather during any particular time of the year.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a calendar? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "As a first time visitor to India, where should I visit?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "India is a big and diverse country with many experiences to offer. You could visit historical landmarks like the world famous Taj Mahal in Agra or go to Rajasthan to see the palaces of the maharajas. If rejuvenation and health is your focus, you could go to Kerala for its beautiful backwaters where you can disconnect from all electronic devices. And immerse yourself in yoga and ayurveda for a detox. If you are looking for adventure, head to the mountains in Kashmir (the Switzerland of India) and the himalayas for skiing and trekking. Leh in Ladhakh is a very popular destination too, but do make sure you have at least 5-7 days for this trip. If you would rather be on a beach, India offers many destinations on its coast line the most popular being Goa. And finally if you are looking for a city break, the biggest cities of India are New Delhi its capital, Mumbai the financial headquarters and where Bollywood is based, Kolkatta in the east, Bangalore India's silicon valley and Chennai in the south. I hope this gives you enough information to start planning your India trip.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| As a first time visitor to India, where should I visit? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "As of 2021, the power and capacity of the largest individual battery storage power plants is an order of magnitude less than that of the largest pumped storage power plants, the most common form of grid energy storage. For example, the Bath County Pumped Storage Station, the second largest in the world, can store 24GWh of electricity and dispatch 3GW while the first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility can store 1.2GWh and dispatch 300MW. Grid batteries do not however have to be large, and smaller ones can be deployed widely across a grid for greater redundancy.\n\nAs of 2019, battery power storage is cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power for use up to two hours, and there was around 365 GWh of battery storage deployed worldwide, growing extremely rapidly. Levelized cost of electricity from battery storage has fallen rapidly, halving in two years to US$150 per MWh as of 2020. Given these paragraphs about battery storage power stations, for how long battery power storage was cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power as of 2019?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "As of 2019, battery power storage is cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power for use up to two hours.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| As of 2021, the power and capacity of the largest individual battery storage power plants is an order of magnitude less than that of the largest pumped storage power plants, the most common form of grid energy storage. For example, the Bath County Pumped Storage Station, the second largest in the world, can store 24GWh of electricity and dispatch 3GW while the first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility can store 1.2GWh and dispatch 300MW. Grid batteries do not however have to be large, and smaller ones can be deployed widely across a grid for greater redundancy.
As of 2019, battery power storage is cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power for use up to two hours, and there was around 365 GWh of battery storage deployed worldwide, growing extremely rapidly. Levelized cost of electricity from battery storage has fallen rapidly, halving in two years to US$150 per MWh as of 2020. Given these paragraphs about battery storage power stations, for how long battery power storage was cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power as of 2019? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Ram Mohan Roy was born in Radhanagar, Hooghly District, Bengal Presidency. His great grandfather Krishnakanta Bandyopadhyay was a Rarhi Kulin (noble) Brahmin. Among Kulin Brahmins – descendants of the six families of Brahmins imported from Kannauj by Ballal Sen in the 12th century – those from the Rarhi district of West Bengal were notorious in the 19th century for living off dowries by marrying several women. Kulinism was a synonym for polygamy and the dowry system, both of which Rammohan campaigned against. His father, Ramkanta, was a Vaishnavite, while his mother, Tarini Devi, was from a Shaivite family. He was a great scholar of Sanskrit, Persian and English languages and also knew Arabic, Latin and Greek. One parent prepared him for the occupation of a scholar, the Shastri, while the other secured for him all the worldly advantages needed to launch a career in the laukik or worldly sphere of public administration.[citation needed] Torn between these two parental ideals from early childhood, Ram Mohan vacillated between the two for the rest of his life.During his childhood Ram Mohan Roy witnessed death of his sister in law through sati. The seventeen year old girl was dragged towards the pyre where Ram Mohan Roy witnessed her terrified state. He tried to protest but to no avail. She was burned alive. The people chanted \"Maha Sati! Maha Sati! Maha Sati!\" (great wife) over her painful screams. As per the passage which languages did Ram Mohan Roy know?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sanskrit, Persian, English, Arabic, Latin and Greek.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Ram Mohan Roy was born in Radhanagar, Hooghly District, Bengal Presidency. His great grandfather Krishnakanta Bandyopadhyay was a Rarhi Kulin (noble) Brahmin. Among Kulin Brahmins – descendants of the six families of Brahmins imported from Kannauj by Ballal Sen in the 12th century – those from the Rarhi district of West Bengal were notorious in the 19th century for living off dowries by marrying several women. Kulinism was a synonym for polygamy and the dowry system, both of which Rammohan campaigned against. His father, Ramkanta, was a Vaishnavite, while his mother, Tarini Devi, was from a Shaivite family. He was a great scholar of Sanskrit, Persian and English languages and also knew Arabic, Latin and Greek. One parent prepared him for the occupation of a scholar, the Shastri, while the other secured for him all the worldly advantages needed to launch a career in the laukik or worldly sphere of public administration.[citation needed] Torn between these two parental ideals from early childhood, Ram Mohan vacillated between the two for the rest of his life.During his childhood Ram Mohan Roy witnessed death of his sister in law through sati. The seventeen year old girl was dragged towards the pyre where Ram Mohan Roy witnessed her terrified state. He tried to protest but to no avail. She was burned alive. The people chanted "Maha Sati! Maha Sati! Maha Sati!" (great wife) over her painful screams. As per the passage which languages did Ram Mohan Roy know? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The euro area, commonly called eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies. How many countries in Europe do have the Euro as monetary currency?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "20",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The euro area, commonly called eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies. How many countries in Europe do have the Euro as monetary currency? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a bulleted list of colleges or universities located Massachusetts",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Harvard\n- Boston College\n- Boston University\n- Northeastern\n- Babson College\n- Bentley \n- Stonehill\n- University of Massachusetts Amherst \n- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth\n- University of Massachusetts Boston\n- Bridgewater State University \n- Bunker Hill Community College \n- Massachusetts Institute of Technology \n- Berklee College of Music\n- Tufts University",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a bulleted list of colleges or universities located Massachusetts |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "In the 21st century alone, UVA teams have won seventeen NCAA championships. The men's teams have won recent NCAA titles in basketball (2019); lacrosse (2003, 2006, 2011, 2019, and 2021); baseball (2015); soccer (2009 and 2014); and tennis (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2022). UVA women have won recent NCAA titles in rowing (2010 and 2012) and swimming & diving (2021 and 2022). The Cavaliers rank first in the ACC (a power conference) with 22 men's NCAA Championships, and rank second in the conference with nine women's NCAA Championships. According to this paragraph, how many NCAA championships has UVA won?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "UVA has won 17 NCAA championships.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In the 21st century alone, UVA teams have won seventeen NCAA championships. The men's teams have won recent NCAA titles in basketball (2019); lacrosse (2003, 2006, 2011, 2019, and 2021); baseball (2015); soccer (2009 and 2014); and tennis (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2022). UVA women have won recent NCAA titles in rowing (2010 and 2012) and swimming & diving (2021 and 2022). The Cavaliers rank first in the ACC (a power conference) with 22 men's NCAA Championships, and rank second in the conference with nine women's NCAA Championships. According to this paragraph, how many NCAA championships has UVA won? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the greatest NFL running back of all time?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Arguably, Barry Sanders is the greatest running back of all time. Unlike Emmitt Smith, Barry Sanders played behind an offensive line that was soft and weak. There were no pro bowl players on the Detroit Lions offensive line during Barry's tenure in Detroit. Barry Sanders also retired at his peak because he was disheartened by the direction of the franchise's inability to improve year over year.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the greatest NFL running back of all time? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the following as an animal or plant. Polar bear, Oak Tree, Venus Flytrap, Shire Horse, Aloe vera, Golden retriever",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The following are animals:\nPolar bear\nShire horse\nGolden retriever\n\nThe following are plants: \nOak Tree\nVenus Flytrap\nAloe Vera",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the following as an animal or plant. Polar bear, Oak Tree, Venus Flytrap, Shire Horse, Aloe vera, Golden retriever |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "In which European city would you find Orly airport?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Paris.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In which European city would you find Orly airport? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the benefit of cinnamon",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Helps control blood sugar levels and prevent heart disease",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the benefit of cinnamon |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is slack key guitar?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Slack key guitar is a style of finger-style guitar played in open tuning that originated in 19th century Hawaii. The style was created when Portuguese cowboys brought the guitar to Hawaii. The Hawaiians chose to retune the guitar by slackening some of the strings often to an open G chord. The most popular tuning DGDGBD is called \"taro patch\". Families often had their own tunings which were held as closely guarded secrets.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is slack key guitar? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which is a species of fish? Snook or Sneak",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Snook",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is a species of fish? Snook or Sneak |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the most invaded country in history?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most invaded country in history is difficult to determine definitively as there are many variables to consider. However, one country that has been invaded numerous times throughout its history is Poland. Poland has a long history of being invaded and occupied by various neighboring powers. In the 18th century, it was partitioned three times by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, and ceased to exist as an independent state for over a century\n\nDuring World War II, Poland was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany, resulting in the deaths of over six million Polish citizens, including three million Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust. Following the war, Poland became a satellite state of the Soviet Union and was occupied by Soviet forces until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989.\n\nThroughout its history, Poland has also been invaded by other powers, including the Mongols, Teutonic Knights, and Ottoman Empire, among others. The country's location in central Europe, as well as its fertile land and valuable resources, have made it a target for invasion throughout history.\n\nOverall, while there is no definitive answer to which country has been the most invaded in history, Poland's history of being invaded and occupied by numerous neighboring powers makes it a strong contender for this title.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the most invaded country in history? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Does my data need to fit in memory to use Spark?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No. Spark's operators spill data to disk if it does not fit in memory, allowing it to run well on any sized data. Likewise, cached datasets that do not fit in memory are either spilled to disk or recomputed on the fly when needed, as determined by the RDD's storage level.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Does my data need to fit in memory to use Spark? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What cities should someone visit during a trip to Morocco?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many wonderful cities to visit during a trip to Morocco. The decision of which cities to visit depends on the traveller's goals and interests because Morocco has something for everyone. The largest airports are in the cities of Casablanca and Marrakech, so if traveling by air, those are good cities to fly into and out of. Other cities that are popular among visitors include Fez and Tangier. Cities along the Atlantic Coast of Morocco are popular for their beaches including Agadir and Essaouira. The city of Chefchaouen is also very popular among visitors for its blue buildings.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What cities should someone visit during a trip to Morocco? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Explain nuclear fission in the style of Jerry Seinfeld",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nuclear fission, smission, what's the big deal? You take an atom, hit the nucleus in the middle with some particle, and it splits up into smaller pieces. This releases a teeny bit of energy, because it's an atom, for goodness' sake, it's pretty tiny! And maybe if you're lucky, those little pieces hit other atoms and release even more energy and get you a nice toasty chain reaction. No big deal at all, just gives us cheap electric energy, or giant bombs to blow things up with. Seems kind of obvious that it would work that way for anyone who's done bowling though, or who's had to stack a bunch of ping pong balls. Not like anyone got a Nobel prize for this.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Explain nuclear fission in the style of Jerry Seinfeld |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How many interstates are there in Colorado?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Colorado has three main highways (two-digit routes), and two auxiliary highways (three-digit routes), totaling five Interstates, all are located within the Denver metropolitan area",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many interstates are there in Colorado? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Where was Bob Dylan born",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Duluth, Minnesota",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where was Bob Dylan born |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these are nouns or proper nouns: United States of America, playground, rope, St. Petersburg, Miami, ocean",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "United States of America: Proper Noun\nPlayground: Noun\nRope: Noun\nSt. Petersburg: Proper Noun\nMiami: Proper Noun\nOcean: Noun",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these are nouns or proper nouns: United States of America, playground, rope, St. Petersburg, Miami, ocean |
classification | [
{
"content": "What were the following people most noted for; music, visual arts, or their works in another field? Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Frederic Chopin, Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo DiCaprio, Sir Isaac Newton, Sir Elton John.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Of these individuals, legendary composers/musicians included Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Frederic Chopin, and Sir Elton John, while Leonardo da Vinci was noted for his works in the visual arts; primarily painting. The remaining two individuals, Leonardo DiCaprio and Sir Isaac Newton, do not fall into either of these categories.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What were the following people most noted for; music, visual arts, or their works in another field? Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Frederic Chopin, Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo DiCaprio, Sir Isaac Newton, Sir Elton John. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name some of the most popular rides at Disney World's Magic Kingdom theme park.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Magic Kingdom has a beautiful selection of rides and attractions. Some of the most popular rides include Space Mountain, Tron Lightcycle / Run, Seven Dwarfs Mine Train, The Haunted Mansion, Peter Pan's Flight, Pirates of the Caribbean, and It's a small world.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name some of the most popular rides at Disney World's Magic Kingdom theme park. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is an illegal building technique?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "An illegal building technique is a Lego piece connection that is officially listed as illegal by the Lego corporation. They are never used in official Lego sets. This is because these building techniques stress the Lego pieces beyond their intended use and cause the pieces to get damaged over time.\n\nFor example, sandwiching a Lego plate in between two Lego studs is an illegal technique as this was not their intended use, and the distance between the Lego studs is not wide enough to fit the Lego plate without damaging one of the pieces.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is an illegal building technique? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with the advent of metalworking. Though some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age. In Western Asia, this occurred by about 3,000 BC, when bronze became widespread. The term Bronze Age is used to describe the period that followed the Stone Age, as well as to describe cultures that had developed techniques and technologies for working copper alloys (bronze: originally copper and arsenic, later copper and tin) into tools, supplanting stone in many uses.\n\nStone Age artifacts that have been discovered include tools used by modern humans, by their predecessor species in the genus Homo, and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus. Bone tools have been discovered that were used during this period as well but these are rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The Stone Age is further subdivided by the types of stone tools in use. What is the stone age?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Stone age was a prehistoric period that lasted for millions of years and ended in and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC , with the advent of metalworking. In this period, stone was widely used to make stone tools and weapons with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. \nThe Stone Age is the first period in the three-age system frequently used in archaeology to divide the timeline of human technological prehistory into functional periods, with the next two being the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, respectively. \nThough some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age.\nThe Stone Age is also commonly divided into three distinct periods: Paleolithic era which is the earliest and most primitive; a transitional period with finer tools known as the Mesolithic era; and the final stage known as the Neolithic era. Neolithic peoples were the first to transition away from hunter-gatherer societies into the settled lifestyle of inhabiting towns and villages as agriculture became widespread.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with the advent of metalworking. Though some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age. In Western Asia, this occurred by about 3,000 BC, when bronze became widespread. The term Bronze Age is used to describe the period that followed the Stone Age, as well as to describe cultures that had developed techniques and technologies for working copper alloys (bronze: originally copper and arsenic, later copper and tin) into tools, supplanting stone in many uses.
Stone Age artifacts that have been discovered include tools used by modern humans, by their predecessor species in the genus Homo, and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus. Bone tools have been discovered that were used during this period as well but these are rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The Stone Age is further subdivided by the types of stone tools in use. What is the stone age? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Catalan shawm, Tres",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tres is string, Catalan shawm is woodwind.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Catalan shawm, Tres |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the latest iOS version on iPhone and what issues it addressed?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The latest iOS for Apple iPhone is iOS 16.4.\nThis has bought a lot of updates to the iPhone like:\n- It introduced a new set of emojis\n- latest security patch \n- It introduced a voice isolation feature for iPhone, now people can not listen to background noise when they are on call\n- Now Cloud Shared Photo Library can also detect duplicate photos, this will save your storage\n- Crash detection is been optimised for iPhone 14 series phones\n- iCloud was unresponsive sometimes has been addressed\n- Now you can add notifications for web apps on the home screen itself.\n- Many more features are added",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the latest iOS version on iPhone and what issues it addressed? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Guinea pig, Common",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Common is wild, Guinea pig is domesticated",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Guinea pig, Common |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the different methods to open a pomegranate?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1 - Vertical cutting: roll the pomegranate over the surface of the cutting board to loosen the seeds; position it in the middle; cut the top (flower) and pop it off; slice it in half vertically along the ridges; cut each of the ridges to create 5 slices and then tear it apart to remove the seeds.\n2 - Submerging it in water to remove the seeds: fill a large bowl with cool water; make a shallow cut down the side and use your thumbs to tear it into 2 halves then place them in the water and use your fingers to nudge the seeds free and finally strain the seeds into a bowl.\n3 - Removing seeds with a wooden spoon: make a shallow horizontal slice in the middle and tear it into 2 halves; for each half place it seeds side down over a bowl and hit the skin with a wooden spoon for seeds to fall out.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the different methods to open a pomegranate? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Tell me a joke",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, I used to hate facial hair, but it grew on me.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me a joke |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Mariano Rivera (born November 29, 1969) is a Panamanian-American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, from 1995 to 2013. Nicknamed \"Mo\" and \"Sandman\", he spent most of his career as a relief pitcher and served as the Yankees' closer for 17 seasons. A thirteen-time All-Star and five-time World Series champion, he is MLB's career leader in saves (652) and games finished (952). Rivera won five American League (AL) Rolaids Relief Man Awards and three Delivery Man of the Year Awards, and he finished in the top three in voting for the AL Cy Young Award four times. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as part of its class of 2019 in his first year of eligibility, and was the first and to date only player ever to be elected unanimously by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).\n\nRaised in the modest Panamanian fishing village of Puerto Caimito, Rivera was an amateur player until he was signed by the Yankees organization in 1990. He debuted in the major leagues in 1995 as a starting pitcher, before permanently converting to a relief pitcher late in his rookie year. After a breakthrough season in 1996 as a setup man, he became the Yankees' closer in 1997. In the following seasons, he established himself as one of baseball's top relievers, leading the major leagues in saves in 1999, 2001, and 2004. Rivera primarily threw a sharp-moving, mid-90s mile-per-hour cut fastball that frequently broke hitters' bats and earned a reputation as one of the league's toughest pitches to hit. With his presence at the end of games, signaled by his foreboding entrance song \"Enter Sandman\", Rivera was a key contributor to the Yankees' success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. An accomplished postseason performer, he was named the 1999 World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) and the 2003 AL Championship Series MVP, and he holds several postseason records, including lowest earned run average (ERA) (0.70) and most saves (42). From the given text, list some of the accomplishments of pitcher Mariano Rivera in his baseball career, in a comma-separated list.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "All-Star, World Series champion, MLB's career leader in saves, MLB's career leader in games finished, AL Rolaids Relief Man Award, Delivery Man of the Year Award, Baseball Hall of Fame, World Series Most Valuable Player, AL Championship Series MVP, postseason lowest earned run average, postseason most saves",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Mariano Rivera (born November 29, 1969) is a Panamanian-American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, from 1995 to 2013. Nicknamed "Mo" and "Sandman", he spent most of his career as a relief pitcher and served as the Yankees' closer for 17 seasons. A thirteen-time All-Star and five-time World Series champion, he is MLB's career leader in saves (652) and games finished (952). Rivera won five American League (AL) Rolaids Relief Man Awards and three Delivery Man of the Year Awards, and he finished in the top three in voting for the AL Cy Young Award four times. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as part of its class of 2019 in his first year of eligibility, and was the first and to date only player ever to be elected unanimously by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).
Raised in the modest Panamanian fishing village of Puerto Caimito, Rivera was an amateur player until he was signed by the Yankees organization in 1990. He debuted in the major leagues in 1995 as a starting pitcher, before permanently converting to a relief pitcher late in his rookie year. After a breakthrough season in 1996 as a setup man, he became the Yankees' closer in 1997. In the following seasons, he established himself as one of baseball's top relievers, leading the major leagues in saves in 1999, 2001, and 2004. Rivera primarily threw a sharp-moving, mid-90s mile-per-hour cut fastball that frequently broke hitters' bats and earned a reputation as one of the league's toughest pitches to hit. With his presence at the end of games, signaled by his foreboding entrance song "Enter Sandman", Rivera was a key contributor to the Yankees' success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. An accomplished postseason performer, he was named the 1999 World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) and the 2003 AL Championship Series MVP, and he holds several postseason records, including lowest earned run average (ERA) (0.70) and most saves (42). From the given text, list some of the accomplishments of pitcher Mariano Rivera in his baseball career, in a comma-separated list. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Martell?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Morgan Martell",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Martell? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How to find the area of a rectangle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A rectangle is a closed two dimensional quadrilateral structure with four right angles (90 degrees). Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel and of equal length. Usually, the length of longer sides is called length of a rectangle and the length of shorter sides is called width/breadth of a rectangle.\nArea of the rectangle is calculated by multiplying the length and width of the rectangle. For example, If the length of the rectangle is l and the width of the rectangle is w then area of the rectangle = (l x w).\nIf all sides of a rectangle are of equal length then it is called a square. Thus, square is a special case of a rectangle.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How to find the area of a rectangle? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "\"New York City\" is a song by American singer Lenny Kravitz, written by Kravitz and Craig Ross. The song was released on October 21, 2014, as the third single from the Kravitz's tenth studio album Strut. When was the New York City song released?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The New York City was released on October 21, 2014.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| "New York City" is a song by American singer Lenny Kravitz, written by Kravitz and Craig Ross. The song was released on October 21, 2014, as the third single from the Kravitz's tenth studio album Strut. When was the New York City song released? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How many miles is Earth from the sun?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "On average the Earth is 92.96 million miles from the Sun.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many miles is Earth from the sun? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Consequences\n\nThe most obvious consequence of overfitting is poor performance on the validation dataset. Other negative consequences include:\n\nA function that is overfitted is likely to request more information about each item in the validation dataset than does the optimal function; gathering this additional unneeded data can be expensive or error-prone, especially if each individual piece of information must be gathered by human observation and manual data-entry.\n\nA more complex, overfitted function is likely to be less portable than a simple one. At one extreme, a one-variable linear regression is so portable that, if necessary, it could even be done by hand. At the other extreme are models that can be reproduced only by exactly duplicating the original modeler's entire setup, making reuse or scientific reproduction difficult.\n\nIt may be possible to reconstruct details of individual training instances from an overfitted machine learning model's training set. This may be undesirable if, for example, the training data includes sensitive personally identifiable information (PII). This phenomenon also presents problems in the area of artificial intelligence and copyright, with the developers of some generative deep learning models such as Stable Diffusion and GitHub Copilot being sued for copyright infringement because these models have been found to be capable of reproducing certain copyrighted items from their training data. Please give me the potential implications of overfitting described in the following text",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The potential implications of overfitting are:\n- poor performance of the validation set.\n- a function that is overfitted is likely to request more information about each item in the validation dataset.\n- A overfitted function is likely to be less portable than a simple one.\n- it may be possible to reconstruct details of individual training instances from an overfitted machine learning model's training set.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Consequences
The most obvious consequence of overfitting is poor performance on the validation dataset. Other negative consequences include:
A function that is overfitted is likely to request more information about each item in the validation dataset than does the optimal function; gathering this additional unneeded data can be expensive or error-prone, especially if each individual piece of information must be gathered by human observation and manual data-entry.
A more complex, overfitted function is likely to be less portable than a simple one. At one extreme, a one-variable linear regression is so portable that, if necessary, it could even be done by hand. At the other extreme are models that can be reproduced only by exactly duplicating the original modeler's entire setup, making reuse or scientific reproduction difficult.
It may be possible to reconstruct details of individual training instances from an overfitted machine learning model's training set. This may be undesirable if, for example, the training data includes sensitive personally identifiable information (PII). This phenomenon also presents problems in the area of artificial intelligence and copyright, with the developers of some generative deep learning models such as Stable Diffusion and GitHub Copilot being sued for copyright infringement because these models have been found to be capable of reproducing certain copyrighted items from their training data. Please give me the potential implications of overfitting described in the following text |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Anastasio is a founding member of the rock band Phish, serving as lead guitarist and vocalist since their inception. Phish is noted for their musical improvisation, extended jams, exploration of a broad range of genres, and original live performances. Formed at the University of Vermont in 1983 (with the current line up solidifying in 1985), the band includes bassist and vocalist Mike Gordon; percussionist, vacuum player, and vocalist Jon Fishman; and keyboardist and vocalist Page McConnell. Phish performed together for over 20 years, releasing 10 studio albums, disbanding in August 2004. They reunited in March 2009 for a corresponding tour, released a reunion album Joy and have since resumed performing regularly. Based on this text, please list the members of the band Phish, separated by commas.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Anastasio, Mike Gordon, Jon Fishman, Page McConnell",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Anastasio is a founding member of the rock band Phish, serving as lead guitarist and vocalist since their inception. Phish is noted for their musical improvisation, extended jams, exploration of a broad range of genres, and original live performances. Formed at the University of Vermont in 1983 (with the current line up solidifying in 1985), the band includes bassist and vocalist Mike Gordon; percussionist, vacuum player, and vocalist Jon Fishman; and keyboardist and vocalist Page McConnell. Phish performed together for over 20 years, releasing 10 studio albums, disbanding in August 2004. They reunited in March 2009 for a corresponding tour, released a reunion album Joy and have since resumed performing regularly. Based on this text, please list the members of the band Phish, separated by commas. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What to do if you drop your iPhone into toilet?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I'm a bit embarrassed to admit this, but I once dropped my new iPhone into the toilet by accident. It's a humbling experience that can happen to anyone. Fortunately, the water was clean and I was able to quickly retrieve the phone. However, the screen was dark, so I used a towel to remove the water and a dryer to dry it out. I then placed the phone in a container of rice and left it overnight. The next day, when I tried turning it on, it worked! I was relieved that I didn't have to buy a new one. The lesson I learned is to be more careful and not put my iPhone near the toilet.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What to do if you drop your iPhone into toilet? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Saber-Toothed Tiger, Mountain Plover",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mountain Plover is alive, Saber-Toothed Tiger is extinct.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Saber-Toothed Tiger, Mountain Plover |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Objective-C?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Objective-C is a high-level general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Objective-C? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Don't Starve is a survival video game developed by the Canadian indie video game developer Klei Entertainment. The game was initially released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux on April 23, 2013. A PlayStation 4 port, renamed Don't Starve: Giant Edition, became available the following year (with PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 3 versions released in September 2014 and June 2015 respectively, and an Xbox One version released in August 2015). Don't Starve for iOS, renamed Don't Starve: Pocket Edition was released on July 9, 2015. An Android version was released on October 20, 2016. Downloadable content titled Reign of Giants was released on April 30, 2014, and a multiplayer standalone expansion called Don't Starve Together became free for existing users on June 3, 2015. On Steam, this game is able to be purchased with a free copy for a friend. A Nintendo Switch port came out on April 12, 2018.\nThe game follows a scientist named Wilson who finds himself in a dark, dreary parallel world known as the Constant and must survive as long as possible. To this end, the player must keep Wilson alive, fed, and mentally stable as he avoids a variety of surreal and supernatural enemies that will try to kill and devour him. The game's Adventure mode adds depth to the sparse plot and pits Wilson against the game's supposed antagonist, Maxwell.\nDon't Starve was Klei's first foray into the survival genre. Conceived during the height of a game industry trend of dropping players into a world with few instructions and a goal of survival, the game was influenced by Minecraft which spearheaded this trend as well as by filmmaker Tim Burton. The game received positive reviews from critics, commended for its original art style, music, and variety of ways for the player to die, although its high level of difficulty and implementation of permanent death were less warmly received. What is Don’t Starve Together?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Don't Starve Together is a cooperative multiplayer survival game developed by Klei Entertainment, where up to six players can play together online or offline. Players take on the role of a band of characters in a harsh wilderness world, and must work together to keep alive, fed, and mentally stable as they avoid a variety of surreal and supernatural enemies that will try to kill and devour them. The game features a unique hand-drawn art style, as well as randomly generated worlds, providing a new experience with each playthrough.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Don't Starve is a survival video game developed by the Canadian indie video game developer Klei Entertainment. The game was initially released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux on April 23, 2013. A PlayStation 4 port, renamed Don't Starve: Giant Edition, became available the following year (with PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 3 versions released in September 2014 and June 2015 respectively, and an Xbox One version released in August 2015). Don't Starve for iOS, renamed Don't Starve: Pocket Edition was released on July 9, 2015. An Android version was released on October 20, 2016. Downloadable content titled Reign of Giants was released on April 30, 2014, and a multiplayer standalone expansion called Don't Starve Together became free for existing users on June 3, 2015. On Steam, this game is able to be purchased with a free copy for a friend. A Nintendo Switch port came out on April 12, 2018.
The game follows a scientist named Wilson who finds himself in a dark, dreary parallel world known as the Constant and must survive as long as possible. To this end, the player must keep Wilson alive, fed, and mentally stable as he avoids a variety of surreal and supernatural enemies that will try to kill and devour him. The game's Adventure mode adds depth to the sparse plot and pits Wilson against the game's supposed antagonist, Maxwell.
Don't Starve was Klei's first foray into the survival genre. Conceived during the height of a game industry trend of dropping players into a world with few instructions and a goal of survival, the game was influenced by Minecraft which spearheaded this trend as well as by filmmaker Tim Burton. The game received positive reviews from critics, commended for its original art style, music, and variety of ways for the player to die, although its high level of difficulty and implementation of permanent death were less warmly received. What is Don’t Starve Together? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation. Provide some key points on Cardiac surgery from the given text",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Cardiac surgery, often known as cardiovascular surgery, is heart or large vessel surgery carried out by cardiac surgeons.\n2. It is frequently used to cure congenital heart disease, treat valvular heart disease from many causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis, or to address complications of ischemic heart disease (for instance, with coronary artery bypass grafting).\n3. Heart transplantation is also a part of it.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation. Provide some key points on Cardiac surgery from the given text |
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