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# Banco del Libro
**Banco del Libro** is a non-profit organization for the promotion of children\'s literature, with headquarters in Caracas, Venezuela. It was established in 1960 as a centre for the exchange of textbooks -- hence the name Banco del Libro (Book Bank). As it has grown it has diversified to promote reading in Venezuela, in every conceivable arena and genre of children's literature.
In 2007 Banco del Libro won the biggest prize in children\'s literature, the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award from the Swedish Arts Council, recognising its \"long-term sustainable work\" as a promoter of reading. It is one of two institutions to win the award (2003 to 2012).
Since 1980, the organization has annually nominated and awarded the best children\'s and young adult literature books published in Spanish. These awards, which have become a benchmark of literary quality, are among the most prestigious awards in the Spanish-language literary world
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# Sijekovac killings
The **Sijekovac killings**, also called the **Sijekovac massacre**, refers to the killing of Serb civilians, in Sijekovac near Bosanski Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 26 March 1992. The assailants were members of Croat and Bosniak army units. The exact number of casualties is unknown. The initial reported number was eleven, while the Republika Srpska authorities listed 47, however, exhumations in Sijekovac carried out for two weeks in 2004 unearthed 58 bodies of victims, of whom 18 were children.
## Background
The fighting in Posavina began on 3 March 1992, after the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) declared a Serb municipality in Bosanski Brod, trying to take control away from Bosniaks and Croats. Serbian Territorial Defense forces set up barricades in the town and tried to seize the strategically important bridge linking the town with Croatia, prompting the local Croats and Muslims to form a joint headquarters, and to request assistance from the Croatian Army, based just across the border in Slavonski Brod. According to a local report, 200 shells fell on Bosanski Brod on the first day of the Serb attack. Neither side managed to prevail, and the Yugoslav People\'s Army (JNA) sent its 327th Motorized Brigade to the city. Following a ceasefire of several weeks the JNA and Serb militias once again attacked the town, launching a heavy artillery bombardment and sniper fire, and looting took place in the Croat quarter of the town.
The Croats retaliated by attacking the village of Sijekovac on the right side of the Sava River, across from Croatia. At the time, as the Bosnian War was starting, it was still populated by members of all three ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the initial reports in 1992, three members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina arrived by helicopter to investigate a reported \"dozen killed civilians\". The initial reported number of victims was eleven.
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# Sijekovac killings
## Events
The detailed testimonies about the murders, tortures and rape that ensued after Croat units occupied the village were recorded by the ICTY but no one was ever indicted; instead all of the documentation was passed to courts in Sarajevo in 2004. The trial was underway in 2014. In July 2016 a written testimony of crimes emerged, documents allowing members of Croat units to sexually abuse imprisoned Serb women, signed by a local commander Ahmet Čaušević.
The authorities of Republika Srpska marked the site with a monument`{{when|date=November 2017}}`{=mediawiki} listing 47 casualties. Among those publicly implicated by the Serbian side are the 108th brigade of Croatian National Guard (by then renamed into the Croatian Army), the Intervention Squad of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croatian Defence Forces.
In 2002, during the ICTY Prijedor massacre Trial against Milomir Stakić, former leader of the Bosnian Serbs in Prijedor, the Defence called a survivor of the alleged massacre in Sijekovac to support a claim that the Bosnian War was caused not by the Serbs, but by incursions into Bosnian territory by the Croatian army north of Bosanski Šamac.
In 2004, the judge of the Zenica-Doboj Court and member of the FBiH Commission for Tracing Missing persons, Enisa Adrović, noted that the exhumations which had taken 14 days recovered 58 corpses and was done under the supervision of Federation Commission for Missing Persons. The victims were mostly Serb civilians. The first 8 bodies found had personal objects (clothing, a belt, buttons, glasses), yet the remaining 49 \[sic\] bodies had no objects that could help in their identification. Among them there were 18 bodies of children. RS monitors mentioned the possibility of an illegal trade in human organs, as the victims were mostly naked.
Several exhumation officials initially suspected that most victims were civilians from Vukovar, including Goran Krcmar, a member of the Republika Srpska Office for Missing Persons and the District Prosecutor of Doboj, Slavko Krulj, who referenced the Veritas Information Center. No representatives from the Republic of Croatia\'s Office for Missing Persons were present at the exhumation. Savo Štrbac, Director of the Veritas Information Center, claimed the number of children found seemed to vastly exceed the number of children actually reported as missing from Sijekovac. `{{as of|2004}}`{=mediawiki}, Veritas listed 22 Serb children missing from the Vukovar hospital in 1992. Tomo Aračić, president of *Udruženje \'92*, the organization that initiated the exhumation in the first place, said that they had no actual information about any Vukovar children at Sijekovac. The presiding officer of the FBiH Commission for Missing Persons, Marko Jurišić, claimed the identities of the majority of the bodies were unknown and that only analysis by forensic experts could determine such details.
In May 2010, the leaders of Republika Srpska (Rajko Kuzmanović and Milorad Dodik), the Croatian president (Ivo Josipović) and a prominent Bosniak leader (Sulejman Tihić) all visited the site to pay respect to around fifty civilian victims of the March 1992 events, at the local Orthodox Church of Saint Marina the Martyr. The site and the visit provoked some controversy in Croatia, with allegations of impropriety levelled against President Josipović and the authorities of Republika Srpska for misattributing some of the casualties
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# Hans Backman
**Hans Backman** (born 1963) is a Swedish Liberal People\'s Party politician, who was a member of the Riksdag from 2002 to 2014
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# Face Without a Name
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# Solveig Hellquist
**Solveig Hellquist** (born January 31, 1949, in Björna, Örnsköldsvik, Västernorrland County), is a Swedish Liberal People\'s Party politician, who served as a member of the Riksdag from 2002 to 2010. She was the Chair of the Liberal women from 2006 to 2007
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# Yvonne Ångström
**Yvonne Ångström** (born 1940) is a Swedish Liberal People\'s Party politician. She was a member of the Riksdag from 1998 to 2006
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# Anna Grönlund Krantz
**Anna Grönlund Krantz** (born 1971) is a Swedish Liberal People\'s Party politician. She was a member of the Riksdag from 2002 until 2006
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# Martin O'Connor (footballer)
**Martin John O\'Connor** (born 10 December 1967) is a football coach and former professional player. Born in England, he represented the Cayman Islands at international level.
## Club career {#club_career}
O\'Connor was a late entrant to senior football. He joined Southern League Premier Division club Bromsgrove Rovers in his early 20s, and played his part in their winning the 1991--92 title. He signed for Crystal Palace for a £25,000 fee ahead of the inaugural Premier League season, but never appeared in that league. Instead, he made his Football League debut at the age of 25 during the first of three spells at Walsall, joining on loan in March 1993 before signing permanently the following year. He played a key role in the Saddlers winning promotion to Division Two in 1994--95.
He then joined Peterborough United, followed by Birmingham City, whom O\'Connor represented in the 2001 Football League Cup Final against Liverpool, which Birmingham lost in a penalty shootout.
O\'Connor re-joined Walsall in 2002, but his contract was not renewed at the end of the 2002--03 season. He then signed for Shrewsbury Town in July 2003, before ending his playing career with Kidderminster Harriers.
He was player-manager of Halesowen Town from November 2006 until October 2007. On 20 January 2009, he was named assistant manager to Chris Hutchings at Walsall, but the pair were sacked on 3 January 2011 after a series of poor results left Walsall bottom of Football League One.
After Dean Keates was sacked as Walsall manager in April 2019 with the team in the relegation places, O\'Connor was appointed for the remaining five matches of the season. Despite overseeing a stunning 3--0 victory against Peterborough United on 27 April 2019 taking the fight for survival to the last game of the season, O\'Connor ultimately could not stop the Saddlers\' relegation to League Two. O\'Connor was succeeded as Walsall manager by Darrell Clarke who signed a three-year contract on 10 May 2019.
## International career {#international_career}
O\'Connor was called up to the Cayman Islands national team in 2000; his father was born in that country. He played twice before FIFA ruled that neither he nor many others who had been invited were eligible. The Cayman Islands had been attempting to exploit their status as a British Overseas Territory by picking British passport holders who would not ordinarily be eligible to play for them
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# The Time Warp of Dr. Brain
***The Time Warp of Dr. Brain*** is the fourth installment of the educational game series *Dr. Brain* by Sierra On-Line. The game\'s structure is similar to its predecessor, *The Lost Mind of Dr. Brain*: the player must complete several puzzles which appeal to a specific part of the brain; however, this game also adds a time-period based theme to each puzzle and the game\'s theme overall is time travel.
## Gameplay
Like the previous titles, *The Time Warp of Dr. Brain* is a simple point-and-click. The objective of the game is to successfully complete a set of 10 puzzles. Throughout the game, Dr. Brain poses as an advisor to the player, constantly passing witty comments and suggestions. There are three difficulty levels: novice, expert, and genius, with each level containing its own set of predetermined puzzles. Each level has a set of 20 sub-games. Each game can be completed at the player\'s choosing, and the difficulty levels can be alternated between at any time; completion of each puzzle is based on the score accrued. A total of approximately 12000 points is needed to finish one of the games, with a win in novice, expert, and genius levels granting 250, 1000, and 2250 points, respectively.
At the start of the game is a mini-game similar to the video-game *Space Invaders*. This serves as the main menu of the game. The player must shoot the appropriate spaceship to choose options
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# HMCS Ungava (J149)
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# Appian Graphics
**Appian Graphics** was a supplier of multi-monitor graphics accelerators founded in 1994.
## History
The company was best known for its Jeronimo and Gemini product lines, and for the HydraVision display management software. The main competitor for Appian on the multi-monitor solutions market was STB Systems.
The company was acquired in July 2001 by Colorgraphic Communications, Inc., which ceased business in 2007 or 2008.
Appian Graphics originally developed HydraVision in the late 1990s for their multi-head display solutions. ATI Technologies acquired HydraVision in July 2001 along with Appian\'s HydraVision team to join its then-new dual-head Radeon 7500 and 8500 series.
Appian Rotate was developed in 1998 for hardware accelerated portrait display, it allowed off the shelf graphics components that supported 3D texture mapping for rotating the offscreen desktop screen correctly onto the display out buffer. It has become the default standard in the industry for portrait mode and is still used by display drivers to support portrait display
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# Isabel Jeans
**Isabel Jeans** (16 September 1891 -- 4 September 1985) was an English stage and film actress known for her roles in several Alfred Hitchcock films and her portrayal of Aunt Alicia in the 1958 musical film *Gigi*.
## Early life and career {#early_life_and_career}
Born in London, Jeans was the daughter of an art critic.
She planned to become a singer but began her career on the London stage in 1908 at age 15, at the invitation of Herbert Beerbohm Tree. An early appearance on Broadway was in *The Man Who Married a Dumb Wife* in January 1915 and as Titania in *A Midsummer Night\'s Dream* in February 1915. She played Lady Mercia Merivale in the London musical hit *Kissing Time* (1919). She appeared in a production of James Elroy Flecker\'s *Hassan* at His Majesty\'s Theatre in London in 1923. Incidental music for the play was by Frederick Delius, and the ballet in the House-of-the-Moving Walls was created by Fokine. In 1924, she appeared in Ivor Novello\'s play *The Rat* at the Prince of Wales\'s Theatre in London. The following year, she was in Richard Brinsley Sheridan\'s play *The Rivals* at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, together with her ex-husband Claude Rains, his ex-wife Marie Hemingway, and his then-current wife Beatrix Thomson.
## Films and later years {#films_and_later_years}
She appeared in major roles in two Alfred Hitchcock silent films, *Downhill* (1927) and *Easy Virtue* (1928) and various other British films, then played a number of grande dames in Hollywood films, such as *Suspicion* (1941), *Banana Ridge* (1942), *Gigi* (1958) and *A Breath of Scandal* (1960).
Later stage roles included *The Beggar\'s Opera* at the Comedy Theatre, London in 1935, a revival of *The Happy Hypocrite* in 1936. Later Broadway roles were Crystal Wetherby in *The Man in Possession* in 1930 and Mrs. Emmeline Lucas in *Make Way for Lucia* in 1948. English productions included Anton Chekhov\'s play *The Seagull* (1949 at the Lyric Theatre, London and St. James\'s Theatre), Jean Anouilh\'s play, \"Ardele\" (1951 at the Vaudeville Theatre), Noël Coward\'s play, *The Vortex* (1952 at the Lyric Theatre in Hammersmith), T. S. Eliot\'s play *The Confidential Clerk* (1953 at the Lyric Theatre), William Congreve\'s play *The Double Dealer* (1959 at the Old Vic Theatre, and other plays there that season.
She also acted in West End productions of plays by Oscar Wilde, including *Lady Windermere\'s Fan* (1945 at the Haymarket Theatre, directed by John Gielgud and 1966 at the Phoenix Theatre (London)), *A Woman of No Importance* (1953 at the Savoy Theatre) and as Lady Bracknell in *The Importance of Being Earnest* (1968 at the Haymarket Theatre).
## Family and personal life {#family_and_personal_life}
Jeans\' brother Desmond was an actor and boxer, and her sister Ursula became a respected character actress.
She was married twice: first to the actor Claude Rains, from 1913 to 1915, and then to the barrister and playwright Gilbert Edward \"Gilley\" Wakefield from 1920 until his death in 1963.
## Partial filmography {#partial_filmography}
- *The Profligate* (1917) - Janet Preece
- *Tilly of Bloomsbury* (1921) - Sylvia Mainwaring
- *The Rat* (1925) - Zelie de Chaumet
- *Windsor Castle* (1926)
- *The Triumph of the Rat* (1926) - Zelie de Chaumet
- *Downhill* (1927) - Julia
- *Further Adventures of a Flag Officer* (1927) - Pauline
- *Easy Virtue* (1928) - Larita Filton
- *The Return of the Rat* (1929) - Zélia de Chaumet Boucheron
- *Power Over Men* (1929) - Marion Delacour
- *Sally Bishop* (1932) - Dolly Durlacher
- *Rolling in Money* (1934) - Duchess of Braceborough
- *The Dictator* (1935) - Von Eyben
- *The Crouching Beast* (1935) - The Pellegrini
- *Tovarich* (1937) - Fermonde Dupont
- *Fools for Scandal* (1938) - Lady Paula Malverton
- *Secrets of an Actress* (1938) - Marian Plantagenet
- *Youth Takes a Fling* (1938) - Mrs. Merrivale
- *Garden of the Moon* (1938) - Mrs. Lornay
- *Hard to Get* (1938) - Mrs. Richards
- *Good Girls Go to Paris* (1939) - Caroline Brand
- *Man About Town* (1939) - Mme. Dubois
- *Suspicion* (1941) - Mrs
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# Alfa Romeo 183T
The **Alfa Romeo 183T** was a Formula One car designed by Gérard Ducarouge and Mario Tollentino and was used by Marlboro Team Alfa Romeo during the 1983 Formula One season. The car, with a newly designed flat bottom, made its debut at the 1983 Brazilian Grand Prix. Running on Michelin tyres, the 183T was driven in 1983 by Italian drivers Andrea de Cesaris and Mauro Baldi.
## Design and development {#design_and_development}
Unlike the preceding Alfa Romeo F1 cars, the 183T chassis was not designed by Alfa Romeo\'s Autodelta; instead Euroracing\'s chief engineer Gérard Ducarouge was the main designer (Ducarouge was fired by Alfa less than a month into the 1983 season and was quickly signed by Lotus). Euroracing had been earlier successful in Formula 3 with Alfa Romeo engines.
The 183T was basically an updated version of the teams `{{f1|1982}}`{=mediawiki} car, the 182. Gone however was Alfa\'s 1260 V12 which had served the team since `{{f1|1979}}`{=mediawiki}. In its place was the 890T, a 1.5-liter turbocharged V8 engine (the 1260 engine was still used at the time by the Osella team). The change in engine gave the 183T a significant boost in power. The 1260 V12 was rated at 540 bhp while the turbocharged 890T was rated at 640 bhp. However, this still fell short of the 850 bhp power figures quoted for the turbocharged BMW, Renault and Ferrari engines. During the year the 890T\'s fuel consumption wasn\'t a factor as stops for fuel were permitted. From `{{f1|1984}}`{=mediawiki}, however, when the FIA imposed a 220-liter fuel limit on the cars and banned stops for fuel, the V8 engine\'s fuel consumption, plus its shortage of power would see Alfa wane as a Formula One front runner.
## Racing history {#racing_history}
The 183T took 18 points from 29 entries. Andrea de Cesaris managed to score two second-place finishes and also gained one fastest lap at Spa Francorchamps, a race that he started from the 2nd row and led over half of the distance.
The 183T was used in early season testing before the `{{f1|1984}}`{=mediawiki} season, fitted with new sidepods that would later appear on its successor, the Alfa Romeo 184T. However, the 183T was retired before the start of the season and was not further used in competition.
## Livery
The cars were originally run with Marlboro livery as a main sponsor, later the livery was updated with a new sponsorship from an Italian fashion brand Benetton
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# Claude Choules
**Claude Stanley Choules** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|uː|l|z}}`{=mediawiki}; 3 March 1901 -- 5 May 2011) was a British-born military serviceman from Pershore, Worcestershire, who at the time of his death was the oldest combat veteran of the First World War from England, having served with the Royal Navy from 1915 until 1926. After having emigrated to Australia he served with the Royal Australian Navy, from 1926 until 1956, as a chief petty officer and was a naturalised Australian citizen. He was the last surviving military witness to the scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow in 1919 and the last surviving veteran to have served in both world wars. At the time of his death, he was the third-oldest verified military veteran in the world and the oldest known living man in Australia. He was the seventh-oldest living man in the world. Choules became the oldest man born in the United Kingdom following the death of Stanley Lucas on 21 June 2010. Choules died at the age of 110 years and 63 days. He had been the oldest British-born man; following his death, that honour went to Reverend Reginald Dean. In December 2011, the landing ship `{{HMAS|Choules|L100|6}}`{=mediawiki} was named after him, only the second Royal Australian Navy vessel named after a sailor.
## Early life {#early_life}
Claude Choules was born in Bridge Street, Pershore, Worcestershire, on 3 March 1901 and raised in the nearby village of Wyre Piddle. The son of Harry and Madeline (née Winn, known as Madge), Claude was one of seven children, although two died in early childhood. The surviving siblings were Douglas (born 1893), Henry Leslie (known as Leslie, born 1894), Phyllis (born 1899) and Madge Gwendoline (known as Gwendoline, born 1904). His mother left home when Claude was five, returning to the stage as an actress, and he and his older brothers were raised by his father. At the time of his mother\'s departure from the family, Claude was told that she had died and he never saw her again. His older sister Phyllis lived with the family of a paternal uncle, while his younger sister Gwendoline was adopted by the family of a paternal aunt, who lived in Pewsey, Wiltshire. Claude and his older brothers went to Pershore National Boys\' School, though Douglas and Les emigrated to Western Australia in 1911.
Choules was 13 on the outbreak of the First World War, and the family received letters from Douglas and Leslie who had joined the Australian Imperial Force and landed at Anzac Cove during the Gallipoli Campaign. Choules was able to leave school when he turned 14, at which point he attempted to enlist in the army as a bugler boy but was rejected as he was too young.
## Naval training {#naval_training}
Choules\'s father then arranged for him to train to join the navy instead, and in April 1915, at age 14, he joined the nautical training ship TS *Mercury*.
This training ship was moored on the River Hamble, near Southampton, Hampshire, and had a dormitory ship called HMS *President* that had previously been `{{HMS|Gannet|1878|6}}`{=mediawiki}. The commander of the *Mercury* training site was the cricketer C. B. Fry, and Choules\'s time there included trips to Netley Hospital as part of the *Mercury*{{\'}}s dancing team. The examinations taken by Choules following his training on the *Mercury* qualified him to attend the advanced class on the naval training ship HMS *Impregnable* situated at the Devonport naval base in Plymouth. Choules transferred there on 10 October 1916, for what was to be the final stage of his training before joining the Royal Navy\'s Grand Fleet.
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# Claude Choules
## Naval service {#naval_service}
On 20 October 1917 Choules joined the battleship `{{HMS|Revenge|06|2}}`{=mediawiki}, which was the flagship of the First Battle Squadron stationed at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands. While serving aboard, Choules saw action against German zeppelins, and witnessed the surrender of the German Imperial Navy at the Firth of Forth in 1918, ten days after the Armistice, as well as witnessing the scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow.
In 1926, along with 11 other Royal Navy senior sailors, Choules travelled to Australia on loan as an instructor at Flinders Naval Depot. He travelled aboard `{{Interlanguage link multi|SS Mataroa{{!}}`{=mediawiki}*Diogenes*\|fr\|3=Mataroa}} on a six-week voyage from London to Melbourne, and it was on this voyage that he met his future wife Ethel Wildgoose, who was travelling to Australia to work for the Victoria League. Choules decided to transfer permanently to the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) after sampling and agreeing with the Australian way of life.
He took his discharge from the RAN in 1931, but remained in the reserves and rejoined the RAN in 1932 as a chief petty officer torpedo and anti-submarine instructor. He never returned to England after leaving.
During the Second World War, Choules was the acting Torpedo Officer at HMAS *Leeuwin*, the naval base at Fremantle, Western Australia, and also served as the Chief Demolition Officer on the western side of the Australian continent. He was tasked with sabotaging Fremantle harbours and related oil storage tanks in the event of a Japanese invasion. Choules was also responsible for dealing with the first German mine to wash up on Australian soil during the war, near Esperance, Western Australia.
Choules remained in the RAN after the Second World War and transferred to the Naval Dockyard Police (NDP) to allow him to remain in service until 1956, as retirement from the RAN for ratings in those days was at age 50, while personnel could serve until 55 years old in the NDP.
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# Claude Choules
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Choules and his wife Ethel were married for 76 years, until her death in 2003 at the age 98. Choules shunned celebrations of the Armistice, because he was against the glorification of war. His autobiography *The Last of the Last* was first published in Perth in 2009, followed by an annotated edition for UK readers in 2010.
On 6 August 2009, although almost blind and deaf, he was still mentally active and gave a television interview.
In late April 2010, Choules\'s daughter Daphne Choules-Edinger reported that his health was declining and he was unlikely to give any further interviews. He celebrated his 110th birthday in March 2011. In the final years of his life, he resided at Gracewood Hostel in Salter Point, a suburb of Perth.
## Media appearances {#media_appearances}
Claude Choules appeared in the BBC documentaries *The Last Tommy* (2005) and *Harry Patch -- The Last Tommy* (2009). After his death, Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard stated, \"Mr Choules and his generation made a sacrifice for our freedom and liberty we will never forget\".
## Death and funeral {#death_and_funeral}
Choules died on 5 May 2011. He was survived by three children, 11 grandchildren, 22 great-grandchildren and three great-great-grandchildren. He was given a naval funeral in Fremantle, Western Australia on 20 May 2011. Guests included the West Australian Premier Colin Barnett, state Opposition Leader Eric Ripper and federal Defence Minister Stephen Smith, who gave a reading during the service. Choules\'s son Adrian gave the eulogy.
On 13 December 2011, the former Royal Fleet Auxiliary landing ship `{{ship|RFA|Largs Bay|L3006|2}}`{=mediawiki} was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy as `{{HMAS|Choules|L100|6}}`{=mediawiki}. The decision to name the ship after Claude Choules came about because of his status as the last surviving veteran of World War I; the naming recognises the service of enlisted sailors as part of celebrations of the navy\'s centenary (the ship is only the second vessel named after a sailor), and also acknowledges the ship\'s previous service under British control (Choules served in both the Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy during his career).
Choules was the last surviving male veteran of World War I and the last surviving veteran who saw active service. His death left Florence Green (19 February 1901 -- 4 February 2012) as the last surviving veteran.
## Legacy
On 10 April 2014, after a campaign by a distant relative, the Pershore Town Council agreed to honour Choules by naming a street (\"Choules Close\") after him, in recognition of the fact that he was born in Bridge Street in the centre of the town.
## Awards
In November 2009, Choules became the oldest recipient of the Australian Defence Medal. (The medal was established in 2006 to recognise members of the Australian Defence Force who have served for more than four years after 3 September 1945).
He was also awarded the British War Medal 1914--18, the Victory Medal 1914--18, the War Medal 1939--45, the Australia Service Medal 1939--45, the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal, the Centenary Medal and the Royal Navy Long Service and Good Conduct Medal with Clasp
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# Plasmodium fallax
***Plasmodium fallax*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Giovannolaia*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. fallax* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
## Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Schwetz in 1930.
## Distribution
This species is found in Uganda, Africa.
## Hosts
In Uganda a vector has been identified - the mosquito *Aedes albopictus*.
Among its vertebrate hosts are the pygmy owl (*Glaucidium passerinum*), turkeys (*Meleagris* species) and the helmeted guineafowl (*Numida meleagris*).
*Plasmodium fallax* has periods in which the parasite leaves its host cell and travels to find a new host cell. This is very risky because the parasite will become inactive and unable to invade a new cell if it does not quickly find a host
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# Events at the 2007 Pan American Games
This is a list of the sporting events that took place at the 2007 Panamerican Games, held in Rio de Janeiro, from July 13--29, 2007
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# Maxed Out
***Maxed Out: Hard Times, Easy Credit and the Era of Predatory Lenders*** (2006) is an independent feature-length documentary film and (2007) book that chronicles abusive practices in the credit card industry.
Written and directed by James Scurlock, the film and book use interviews with creditors, debtors, academics, and others to illustrate its story. The film, premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival in Austin, Texas, USA, in 2006 where it claimed the Special Jury Prize, went on to several film fests including Seattle, Full Frame Documentary, Maui, New Zealand, Milwaukee International, Woodstock, Bergen, Leeds International, Oxford and IDFA (Amsterdam) film festivals. Henry Rollins selected *Maxed Out* when invited to host a favorite film within Maryland Film Festival 2007. The film was released in movie theaters in select cities in the United States in March 2007 through Magnolia Pictures.
The DVD was released nationally on June 7, 2007, in the joint effort of Magnolia Pictures and Red Envelope Entertainment (a division of Netflix). The book *Maxed Out* is published by Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster. It was published in March 2007 in hardcover and in December 2007 in paperback.
Scurlock\'s purpose for the film and book was to raise awareness of how credit and lending issues are affecting society. The main premises of the documentary and book are that banks and other creditors deliberately market to people who are more likely to have problems paying and that the creditors benefit from connections to government, the debt collection industry, and from lawmaker apathy.
The non-profit organization Americans for Fairness in Lending (AFFIL) has organized screenings of *Maxed Out* around the country as part of its work. AFFIL sustains a formal collaboration with the film
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# Swede Carlstrom
**Albin Oscar (Swede) Carlstrom** (October 26, 1886 -- April 28, 1935) was a Major League Baseball shortstop. Carlstrom batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey.
An American of Swedish heritage, Carlstrom was a combat veteran of World War I whose health was damaged during the armed conflict. He saw action in minor leagues with the Lawrence club of the New England League before joining the Boston Red Sox in the 1911 season. He appeared with Boston in two games on September 13--14 and posted a .167 batting average (1-for-6) without home runs or RBI. As a fielder, he recorded three put-outs with six assists and turned into a double play for a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage.
Carlstrom served with Company G, 346th Infantry, 27th Division in France, where he contracted rheumatism, which ended his baseball career. He died of a cerebral spinal fever in his hometown of Elizabeth, New Jersey, at the age of 48
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# Firehouse Dog
***Firehouse Dog*** is a 2007 American family film produced by Regency Enterprises and distributed by 20th Century Fox. Directed by Todd Holland, it stars Josh Hutcherson, Bruce Greenwood, Dash Mihok, Steven Culp and Bill Nunn. It was released on April 4, 2007, in the United States. It received negative reviews for its scatological humor.
## Plot
Dog superstar Rexxx lives the high life-with adoring crowds, a loving owner and an array of best-selling blockbusters under his belt. However, when his owner, Trey tries to convince him to perform a skydiving stunt, the plane malfunctions caused by a lightning strike and Rexxx is sent tumbling from the sky, landing in a tomato truck. While Trey mourns his apparent death and begins regretting his failure in not treating him like a \'real dog\', Rexxx settles into an abandoned warehouse, desperately missing his owner.
Meanwhile in the city of South Harbor in Lincoln County, Shane Fahey is struggling with the death of his uncle, Capt. Marc Fahey, and Blue (The former \"Firehouse Dog\") after being trapped in a fire in a disused textile mill. Realizing he forgot to study for a test, Shane ditches school, but is quickly caught by two other firefighters, Lionel and new recruit Terrence. Arriving back at the fire station (known as \'Dogpatch\' home to Engine 55 & Rescue 26) in disgrace, he is chastised by both driver Joe and his father Connor, the recently promoted Captain of the station, who is having problems of his own; the station is about to be closed due to a lack of funding and overall bad publicity. However, before Connor can properly address his son\'s problems, Dogpatch is called out a fire in a derelict apartment building. Due to a slow suit up and Engine 55 having engine trouble, the team is the last to arrive and is put on standby by rival Greenpoint stations Captain Jessie Presley. Shane notices a terrified Rexxx balancing on top of the burning building; Connor manages to rescue him, and orders Shane to put up \'Lost Dog\' flyers. Due to the name on his collar, which is a prop from the filming at the time of Rexxx\'s accident, the station renames the dog \'Dewey\', and keeps him at the station until someone comes to claim him.
Whilst city manager Zachary Hayden reminds Connor of the station\'s upcoming shutdown, Shane struggles to cope with Dewey\'s spoilt needs and strange habits. Realizing that the dog is fast and active, Shane enters him in a firefighter\'s competition, where they are pitted against rival fire station Engine 24 Greenpoint. Although Dewey initially beats the other station\'s score, he is distracted by their Dalmatian, who reminds him of a female Dalmatian that broke his heart. Despite losing the competition, Shane and Dewey begin to bond.
The next morning, the station is called out to a tunnel collapse. Everyone has already been evacuated upon their arrival, but Capt. Fahey spots that a Captain Presley is unaccounted for and initiates a search. Connor rushes into the wreckage, and Shane, fearing for his father\'s safety, allows Dewey to run in after him. Dewey manages to alert Connor to Jessie\'s presence, subsequently saving her life. Following this, the station begins to gain popularity, as they realize that Dewey could become a potential firehouse dog. Due to this change in circumstances, Zachary notifies them that the station is saved.
However, Shane\'s excitement is lost when he discovers his father has moved to his uncle\'s former office. Angered that his dad is trying to take his uncle\'s place, he roots through the files, where he discovers an unnerving number of suspected arsons, within the general area of the station. Upset that Shane felt he was being neglected, Connor makes an effort to reconcile with his son, and is shocked when Shane reveals that he feels guilty for being relieved that it was his uncle who died instead of his father. Later on that night, Dewey is awarded a medal for his bravery at a firefighter\'s gala. However, he ends up reuniting with Trey upon spotting him among the attendees; Connor reluctantly allows an ecstatic Trey to keep the dog.
A few hours later, however, Dewey escapes Trey\'s hotel room to chase after the station\'s engine, which was called out to another fire on a garbage barge at the City Harbor. The team is only too happy to allow him to climb on board. As they struggle to put the barge fire out, Shane returns to the station and discovers that the fire was simply a decoy, so that the suspected arsonist could burn the \"Dogpatch\" station to the ground. Panicking, he calls his friend, Jasmine \'JJ\' Presley to work out what to do, before hearing footsteps upstairs, which turn out to be the arsonist.
Ignoring JJ\'s warnings, Shane heads upstairs to confront the arsonist. To his horror, he realizes that the arsonist is in fact city manager Zach Hayden, who wanted to burn buildings in Engine 55\'s patch in order to build a football stadium for City Chief Corbin Sellars -- killing Shane\'s uncle in the process. After the station\'s closure was denied, he had no choice but to burn it down himself, but didn\'t realize that Shane was still inside. The two become trapped inside the burning building when Zach\'s incendiary device ignites; Shane loses consciousness and Zach is forced to leave the building prematurely.
Meanwhile, Dewey -- sensing that Shane is in danger -- races back to the station as Connor, having been alerted to the fire by Jessie, follows behind. Dewey finds Zach trying to escape, and traps him in a phone booth (which he also escapes from) before finding Shane. Dewey revives Shane by licking him and the two try to find a way out of the burning fire station. Connor arrives on the scene, only to find the station completely inaccessible. Hearing Dewey\'s barking, he eventually manages to break down the garage door and finds a terrified Shane. Shane manages to convince him to pass him his axe through some broken glass so he can try to break the hinges himself; this works and Dewey leads them outside where Shane manages to tell Connor about Zach's arson attacks before he is put on oxygen. Furious, Connor confronts Zach and Pep gets her own payback on him before the other Dogpatch firefighters hand him over to the police.
Corbin Sellars\' scam is exposed and he is also arrested. Following the events of the fire, all of the firefighters of the station are awarded medals, including Shane and Dewey. J.J. invites Shane and Connor out to Baskin Robbins with her and her Mom, hinting at relationships between the four of them. Upon seeing how happy Dewey is with them, Trey allows Shane to keep him, adding that now that Dewey has been a true hero, he won\'t be content with just acting like one. Both Shane and Connor are overjoyed, with Dewey realizing his true potential as a firehouse dog. \"Dogpatch\" is repaired and restored from the fire damage it sustained, and Engine 55 receives a brand-new 900bhp engine. The team head off to a grass fire with Dewey following behind.
## Cast
- Josh Hutcherson as Shane Fahey
- Bruce Greenwood as Firefighter / Captain Connor Fahey (Engine 55)
- Dash Mihok as Trey Falcon
- Steven Culp as City Manager Zachary \"Zach\" Hayden
- Bill Nunn as Driver / Engineer Joe Musto, The Station Cook, Engine Driver & Pump Operator (Engine 55)
- Bree Turner as Liz Knowles
- Scotch Ellis Loring as Firefighter Lionel Bradford (Engine 55 / Rescue 26)
- Mayte Garcia as Firefighter Pep Clemente, The Station Mechanic (Engine 55)
- Teddy Sears as Probie Firefighter Terrence Kahn (Engine 55 / Rescue 26)
- Claudette Mink as Captain Jessie Presley (Engine 24)
- Hannah Lochner as Jasmine \"J.J.\" Presley
- Matt Cooke as City Chief Corbin Sellars
- Shane Daly as Firefighter Burr Baldwin (Engine 24)
- Randy Triggs as Captain Marc Fahey (Engine 55)
- Arwen, Frodo, Rohan, Stryder as Rexxx / Dewey The Dog
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# Firehouse Dog
## Release
The film was filmed in 2005 but not released until April 4, 2007.
It grossed \$3.8 million in its opening weekend for a 5-day total of \$5.1 million. *Firehouse Dog* grossed \$13.9 million in the United States and \$3.5 million in other countries for a worldwide total of \$17.4 million.
## Home media {#home_media}
The film was released on DVD on July 31, 2007.
## Reception
*Firehouse Dog* received mainly mixed to negative reviews from film critics. From 81 critics, it garnered 37% positive reviews on the film-critic aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes. The site\'s consensus states: \"*Firehouse Dog*{{\'}}s cute premise is ruined with endless fart and poop jokes, and an overlong run time.\" The film garnered a score of 43/100 on Metacritic from 20 reviews. Justin Chang of *Variety* called it, \"A likable but ungainly mutt of a movie\". Ty Burr in *The Boston Globe* found \"the human scenes in *Firehouse Dog* are perfectly acceptable on the level of a heartwarming family B-movie\" but \"that dog---or, rather, that digitally enhanced replicant---is just plain creepy\". While Carrie Rickey of *The Philadelphia Inquirer* called it \"a touching, family-friendly entertainment about a dog and his boy\",
Chris Kaltenbach of *The Baltimore Sun* felt it was \"too busy being inspirational and cuddly to be funny or pointed\" and \"plays out as though its plot was stuck in molasses\". Frank Lovece of *Film Journal International* capped his review by suggesting that, \"*Firehouse Dog* should be put to sleep before it can do the same to audiences\". Michael Phillips of the *Chicago Tribune* (April 11, 2007) says: \"Once it figures out it is more drama than comedy, \"Firehouse Dog\" exceeds your limited expectations\....While the movie\'s ad campaign suggests wacky antics all the way, a surprisingly affecting and well-acted father/son relationship develops
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# Plasmodium gundersi
***Plasmodium gundersi*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Giovannolaia*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. gundersi* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
## Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Bray in 1962.
## Hosts
Vertebrate hosts of this species include the eastern screech owl (*Otus asio*)
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# Fuman
**Fuman** (`{{zh|t=福滿}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{manchu|{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡶᡠᠮᠠᠨ}}|v=fuman}}`{=mediawiki}; died 1542) was Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens and an ancestor of the future Qing dynasty emperors. His father was Sibeoci Fiyanggū. His family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅).
## History
Fuman was the great-grandfather of Nurhaci, who would reorganise and unite various Jurchen tribes. He lived in Hetuela or Hetu Ala (赫圖阿拉). From 1522 to 1542, he was governor, known as **Dudu Fuman**, of the Dudu Jianzhou Left Guard (建州左衛), a post also held and established by his paternal grandfather and father Sibeoci Fiyanggū.
After Fuman died in 1542, he was buried in Hetuela\'s old city, also known as Xingjing (興京). In 1636, Huang Taiji established the Qing dynasty and posthumously honored Fuman as King of Qing (慶王); in 1648, he was given the posthumous name Emperor Zhi (直皇帝) and temple name Xingzu (興祖). The three ancestors, Qing Zhaozu, Jingzu and Xianzu, were buried in Xingjing. In 1659, Fuman was buried and paid respect at the Yong Mausoleum (清永陵).
## Children
1. Desikū (`{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡩᡝᠰᡳᡴᡠ}}`{=mediawiki}; 德世庫)
2. Liocan (`{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠯᡳᠣᠴᠠᠨ}}`{=mediawiki}; 瑠闡), also called Liu Chan (劉闡)
3. Soocangga (`{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠰᠣᠣᠴᠠᠩᡤᠠ}}`{=mediawiki}; 索長阿)
4. Giocangga (`{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡤᡳᠣᠴᠠᠩᡤᠠ}}`{=mediawiki}; 覺昌安), ancestor of Nurhaci
5. Boolangga (`{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠪᠣᠣᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠ}}`{=mediawiki}; 包朗阿)
6
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# Industry in Himachal Pradesh
Ecology has been given importance in the state during the last few years. Industries becoming the cause of water or air pollution are not encouraged. Every industrial project has to be passed by the clearance of the Environment Protection Organization before its establishment.\
Himachal Pradesh is renowned as Asia\'s pharmaceutical hub, housing a total of 652 pharmaceutical units. The state hosts a thriving ₹40,000 crore drug manufacturing industry.
The state is facing a number of difficulties in the advancement of industries. Lack of means of dependable transport and poor accessibility was one of the major drawbacks. Other problems faced by the state were the poor mineral resources, non-availability of infrastructure and communication facilities, shortage of capital and lack of modern skills. The only plus point of the state was the ample availability of electricity.\
In order to develop industrialization, a number of new policies were adopted by the state government like providing various incentives such as cheaper power, twenty five percent subsidy besides easier credit facilities through the State Finance Corporation and the nationalised banks for establishing new industries. Also, land was made available on 99 years low rate lease basis and new industries were exempted from sales or purchase tax. Concessions were also given on charges for transportation of raw materials from the nearest railhead outside the state beside provision of other marginal benefits. These concessions helped the state in establishing industrial houses.\
Gagret, Parwano, Barotiwala, Baddi, Paonta Sahib, Mehatpur, Shamshi, Nagrotu Bagwan, Bilaspur, Reckong Peo and Sansar Pur Tera are some of the industrial areas of the state at present. As the dust free climate of Himachal is extremely suitable for the setting up of electronic industries, many electronic complexes have been established at Solan, Mandi, Hamirpur, Shogi, Raga-Ka-Bagh, Chamba, Ambi, Taliwala and Keylong
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# William Gibson (historian)
**William Thomas Gibson** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRHistS}}`{=mediawiki} (born 1959) is an English historian and professor who specialises in the history of religion in Britain in the early modern period.
## Education
He received BA(Hons) MA (Wales), PGCE (Oxon), PhD (Middlesex), DLitt (Wales), FRHistS, FRSA, FBS. He was educated at Huish's Grammar School, Taunton, Somerset; St David's University College, Lampeter (now the Lampeter campus of the University of Wales Trinity Saint David), Lincoln College, Oxford, and Middlesex University.
## Biography
He initially worked as a teacher in a comprehensive school before holding posts in further education colleges in Southampton and Basingstoke. He was also an inspector in the post-compulsory sector for some years. In 1999-2000 he was Hartley Fellow at Southampton University and in 2004 was appointed Academic Director for Lifelong Learning at Westminster Institute of Education, Oxford Brookes University. In 2006 he was awarded the title Professor.
Gibson has been described as 'one of that school of ecclesiastical historians\... which in the late twentieth century has given fresh impetus and vitality to the revisionist view of the eighteenth-century Church\...' (John Guy in *Journal of Welsh Religious History*, 1997) Gibson's championing of the 'optimistic' view of the eighteenth century Church has drawn criticism from historians. The debate has been most recently aired in *Reviews in History* (Institute of Historical Research London, [1](http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/snaperesp.html)). His biography of Benjamin Hoadly, though generally well received, has been viewed as an overly strong statement of the optimist's defence of a latitudinarian bishop ("a valuable if perhaps slightly overstated reappraisal of one of the foremost pillars of the Georgian religious establishment" --Robin Eagles \"The Eighteenth Century\" in *Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature*, December 2006.)
In February 2008 he was appointed as Director of the Oxford Centre for Methodism and Church History. In October 2009 he was visiting fellow at Baylor University, Texas. In April 2011 he was visiting fellow at Yale University. In 2019-2020, he was Visiting Professor at Clermont Auvergne University.
## Writings
His books include, *Church, State and Society, 1760-1850* (Macmillans, 1994)[2](http://www.palgrave.com/newsearch/Catalogue.aspx?is=033358757X); *The Achievement of the Anglican Church, 1689-1800: The Confessional State in England in the Eighteenth Century*, (Edwin Mellen Press, 1995)[3](http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=1498&pc=9); *A Social History of the Domestic Chaplain, 1530-1840*, (Leicester University Press/Cassell, 1996); *Religion and Society in England and Wales, 1689-1800*, (Leicester UP/Cassell, 1998); *The Church of England 1688-1832: Unity and Accord*, (Routledge, 2001); *The Enlightenment Bishop: Benjamin Hoadly 1676-1761*, (James Clarke & Co, 2004)[4](http://www.lutterworth.com/jamesclarke/); *Religion and the Enlightenment 1600-1800: Conflict and the Rise of Civic Humanism in Taunton*, (Peter Lang, 2007)[5](http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?vID=10922&vLang=E&vHR=1&vUR=2&vUUR=1). He is the author of numerous articles
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# Plasmodium icipeensis
***Plasmodium icipeensis*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. achiotense* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are lizards.
## Geographical occurrence {#geographical_occurrence}
This species is found in Kenya
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# Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
The ***Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine*** is a peer-reviewed medical journal. It is the flagship journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, located in London, with full editorial independence. Its continuous publication history dates back to 1809. Since July 2005 the editor-in-chief is Kamran Abbasi, who succeeded Robin Fox who was editor for almost 10 years.
## History
The journal was established in 1806 as the *Medico-Chirurgical Transactions* published by the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London. It was renamed to *Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine* in 1907, following the merger that led to the formation of the Royal Society of Medicine and with volume numbering restarting at 1, before obtaining its current name in 1978.
## Abstracting and indexing {#abstracting_and_indexing}
The journal is abstracted and indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Citation Index, EMBASE, CAB International, and Elsevier Biobase. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 18.000.
## Content
The journal describes itself as having \"an international and multi-specialty readership that includes primary care and public health professionals\". It claims to act as \"a forum for debate, education, and entertainment for clinicians interested in UK medicine and relevant international developments and research. The aim of the journal is to influence clinical practice and policy making across the whole range of medicine\". Each issue contains original research articles, editorials, reviews, and essays. The essay section brings together \"think pieces\" on current medical issues and medical history. The journal also includes book reviews. Each issue also features a selection of commentaries from the James Lind Library, an online resource for patients and professionals that documents the evolution of fair tests of treatments in health care.
In 2006, the journal introduced open peer review, a system in which authors and reviewers know each other\'s identities on the assumption that this improves openness in scientific discourse. This made it one of the few medical journals in the world with open peer review.
## Editions
The journal is published monthly. The full text of each issue is available to subscribers online on the journal\'s website at the beginning of each month.
## Open access {#open_access}
In March 2006 all research articles published, as well as all other content more than three years old, were made available for free online. An agreement with PubMed Central was also announced, in which a digitised archive of the journal and its predecessor would be created, with issues dating back to 1809 available online for free
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# Mike Hammer: Murder Takes All
`{{Use American English|date=June 2024}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox television
| image = Mikehammermurdertakesitallcover.jpg
| genre = Crime<br>Mystery<br>Thriller
| caption = Movie cover
| based_on =
| writer = [[Mickey Spillane]]<br>Rudy Day<br>Mark Edward Edens
| story =
| director = [[John Nicolella]]
| starring = [[Stacy Keach]]<br>[[Lynda Carter]]<br>[[Lyle Alzado]]<br>[[Michelle Phillips]]
| music = [[Ron Ramin]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| executive_producer = Jay Bernstein
| producer = Jeffrey Morton
| location = [[Culver City, California]]<br>[[Las Vegas]]
| cinematography = Frank Beascoechea
| editor = Michael Renaud
| camera =
| company = Jay Bernstein Productions<br>[[Columbia Pictures Television]]<br>CPT Holdings Inc.
| network = [[CBS]]
| released = {{Start date|1989|05|21}}
| runtime = 90 minutes
| budget =
}}`{=mediawiki}
***Mike Hammer: Murder Takes All*** is a 1989 American mystery crime thriller television film. It starred Stacy Keach, Lynda Carter, Lindsay Bloom, Don Stroud, Michelle Phillips, Lyle Alzado, and Jim Carrey. It was filmed in Culver City, California and Las Vegas, Nevada. The film premiered on May 21, 1989 on CBS.
## Plot
Mike Hammer is asked to Las Vegas by an entertainer named Johnny Roman and, when he refuses, is abducted there. Johnny denies that it was his doing and explains that the reason he wants Hammer\'s help is that the singer, Barbara Leguire, has stolen something from him.
While Hammer is a guest at the Hilton casino, he receives an anonymous request to meet a person at a wedding chapel, the person turns out to be wealthy socialite Helen Durant. Soon after, Johnny is killed in an explosive booby trap and somebody plants evidence that points to Hammer. As he tries to clear his name, Barbara is also murdered, and once again, Hammer is the prime suspect. During his investigation, he falls from the hotel roof while chasing a suspect. Hospitalised, he meets a doctor named Carl Durant who asks who had bailed him out of jail. The answer turns out to be Helen, Durant\'s wife.
After Hammer discharges himself from hospital, he meets Amy Durant and Carl\'s accountant, Brad Peters. When Hammer goes searching for clues and tries to gain entrance to the Hilton\'s control room, he is arrested and sent to the security officer supervisor, Leora Van Treas, who reveals to him that his attacker was William Bundy. Later, Brad sets up a trip for Mike to Bundy\'s ranch, Rosy Buttes, where is abandoned in the desert after a fight with Bundy and is rescued by a biker. When Hammer returns with Brad to the ranch, they find Bundy murdered and have to flee from the policemen who come to investigate.
They soon find a prospector\'s cabin and call Amy to pick them up in her car. Amy later tells Mike that Johnny Roman was her biological father, though Carl was the man who raised her. Hammer finds out that Helen lied to him about the true identification of Amy\'s father, so he seeks for Helen at Carl\'s clinic. There Helen explains that Johnny took advantage of her when she was a young chorus girl, but says that she married Carl during her pregnancy. Now she has to buy back Johnny\'s diary, which has details in it of a later affair she had with him. She has to avoid the damage that a scandal would do to the children\'s clinic at which she works. Hammer goes to collect the diary but is ambushed by two riflemen, both of whom he shoots. After his return, Helen decides to hide out in her yacht and asks Hammer to come and guard her.
The next day, Carl and Brad arrive seeking an account book which Hammer had mixed up with Johnny\'s diary. Carl goes looking for Helen but is killed by a booby-trapped door that causes the entire yacht to explode. Hammer had saved himself by jumping overboard and, after he gets to the dock, realises that Helen is still alive. It now becomes clear that the account book and diary were false clues and that Johnny and Carl were stealing money from the telethon bid on which they were working prior to their deaths. Helen had instigated all the murders in revenge for her treatment.
Hammer confronts Helen with her motives and she attempts to commit suicide, but Hammer had removed the bullets from the gun earlier and thus Helen is arrested. Her daughter Amy now has to face up to the fact that her real and supposed parents have been living a lie. Hammer tells her that she must rely on herself in the future and leaves the ransom money from Helen\'s case as a donation to the work of the defrauded charity clinic.
## Cast
- Stacy Keach as Mike Hammer
- Lynda Carter as Helen Durant
- Lindsay Bloom as Velda
- Don Stroud as Captain Pat Chambers
- Jim Carrey as Brad Peters
- Stacy Galina as Amy Durant
- Lyle Alzado as Reggie Diaz
- Royce D
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# Sibeoci Fiyanggū
**Sibeoci Fiyanggū** (`{{manchu|{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠰᡳᠪᡝᠣᠴᡳ<br>ᡶᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡡ}}|v=sibeoci fiyanggū}}`{=mediawiki};? died 1522), also called **Shi Baoqi** (石报奇), was Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens. He held the position of Jianzhou Left Guard (建州左衛) from 1481 to 1522. After the Qing dynasty was established, he was officially honored with the posthumous name *Emperor Zheng* (正皇帝).
## Descendants
Sibeoci Fiyanggū was the great-great-grandfather of Nurhaci, the man who reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes. Nurhaci\'s descendants became the last Emperors of China during the Qing dynasty
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# Tolo (Manchu)
**Tolo** (`{{manchu|{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡨ᠋ᠣᠯᠣ}}|v=tolo}}`{=mediawiki}; died 1506) was an ancestor to the Qing dynasty. He was the eldest son of Cungšan, Nurhaci\'s grand uncle. His family name is **Aisin Gioro** (愛新覺羅); his name was translated as **Tole** (脫羅) and **Tolv** (土老).
## Life
In the years of Chenghua (成化) after Cungšan died and a siege with the Three Guards of Jianzhou (建州) and Ming army, the Ming economy collapsed. In the Ming dynasty, Tolo commanded the Left Guard of Jianzhou. Tolo helped recover the economy, expanding trade with the Nüzhen (女真) at the borders, and further developing agricultural production. For his contributions, the Ming dynasty promoted him to Dudu Jianzhou Left Guard.
Tolo died in 1506. His son Toyuebeo succeeded his father
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# Blakesley (surname)
| 3 |
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| 0 |
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# Plasmodium lutzi
***Plasmodium lutzi*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Haemamoeba*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. lutzi* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
## Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Lucena in 1939.
## Distribution
This parasite is found in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela.
## Hosts
This parasite has been reported to infect the grey-cowled wood rail (*Aramides cajaneus)* and the great thrush (*Turdus fuscater*)
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# DJ Ozma
, known professionally as **DJ Ozma** (stylized **DJ OZMA**) and legally as `{{Nihongo|'''Sumitada Ozumano'''|尾妻野 純直|Ozumano Sumitada}}`{=mediawiki}, is a Japanese pop singer and musical artist. He is also known as **Show Ayanocozey** of the rock band Kishidan and **Naomi Camelia Yazima** of the drag queen pop group Yazima Beauty Salon.
## Career
Ozma first came to prominence in early 2006 and is notorious for his performance at the 57th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen, during which his female dancers stripped themselves of their outer clothing on stage to reveal unitards painted to resemble the nude female body while wearing a patch resembling a mushroom which covered the genitals. The station had to later clarify, in light of complaints, that the dancers were clothed, despite their appearance. For this performance, Ozma received a lifetime ban from performing at the NHK.
During his three years of performing, DJ Ozma predominately covered other artists, usually K-Pop such as `{{Nihongo|"Chō!"|超!}}`{=mediawiki}, a cover of the song *가* (Go) by the late Korean pop singer U;Nee, and \"One Night\", a cover of the Korean song of the same name by DJ Doc. Ozma most frequently covered songs from the K-Pop group Koyote, including \"Junjou \~Sunjon\~\", Ozma\'s version of \"Sunjeong.\" Among Ozma\'s covers of songs originally by Japanese musicians, Ozma drew from hide\'s \"Ever Free\" and New RoTe\'Ka\'s \"DRINKIN\' BOYS\" which would be performed both live and in the music video with KING, Pancho, and other male dancers (but not Ozma himself) dancing in the nude, with red fans used to block their genitals. This music video has inspired numerous fan-made versions. Ozma would also cover his own songs from Kishidan with \"Boys Bravo!\", \"Asa ga Kuru Tabi\", \"Koibito\", and \"One Night Carnival\" serving as the B-Sides to the first four of Ozma\'s singles. Kishidan\'s \"Sayonara December\" (さよならDecember) was also covered in a completely different style for an album release. However, Kishidan could be said to have covered DJ Ozma when they performed the Ramones\' Do You Remember Rock \'n\' Roll Radio? live, a song that Ozma had originally covered as a bonus track for his final album.
Ozma did record original songs, mostly coming on the later albums. In late 2008, Ozma collaborated with Ravex on the song \"I Rave U\" as part of the 20th anniversary of the Avex Group Record Label, having just switched from Universal Music Japan to join Avex in September of that year. Several of Ozma\'s original songs became movie theme songs: \"Lie-Lie-Lie\" was used for Naruto Shippuden the Movie, \"Ninkimono de Ikou!\" for Crayon Shin-chan: The Storm Called: The Hero of Kinpoko, and \"Masurao\" for Mr. Tadano\'s Secret Mission: From Japan with Love.
DJ Ozma is better known in Japan for his performances as `{{Nihongo|Show Ayanocozey|綾小路 翔|Ayanokōji Shō}}`{=mediawiki} in the rock band Kishidan, which utilized a retro Bōsōzoku image, and bizarre theatrics at concerts. Kishidan was first formed in 1997, but went on hiatus during the DJ Ozma years. The group came to prominence in the 2000s after releasing the now iconic song \"One Night Carnival\". Prior to Ozma\'s controversial NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen performance, Kishidan was invited to perform \"One Night Carnival\" during two consecutive years. Ozma\'s other alter-ego was playing 16-year-old girl `{{Nihongo|Naomi Camellia Yazima|ナオミ・キャメリア・矢島|Naomi Kyameria Yajima}}`{=mediawiki} in Yazima Beauty Salon. As Ayanocozey, he joined the promotional super-group FANTA, releasing the single \"Fantastic Love\".
## The DJ OZMA \"Family\" {#the_dj_ozma_family}
When performing as DJ Ozma, he was backed up by Yaoh \"KING\" Junichi (Binetsu Danji\'s Teruya Hoshikuzu) who served as the second vocalist, and Pancho (Kishidan\'s Hikaru Saotome) who performed rap sections. The Ozma family also had a series of back up dancers:
The OZ-MAX, female vocalists and dancers, occasionally having solo songs: Ayami (Nakazato Ayami, a future member of SDN48), Miki, Mariko, Yukko, and Chiharu. The OZ-MAX originally numbered four, before Yukko was added making five, all of whom were formerly Kishidan backdancers. The OZ-MAX frequently had solo verses in songs, especially Ozma covers of Koyote songs which required female voices. The covers of \"Boys Bravo!\", \"Koibito\", and \"PRISM\" were all performed exclusively by the OZ-MAX, although \"Boys Bravo!\" was a solo for Ayami. Ayami, Mariko, and Yukko have continued to perform as Kishidan backdancers, but Miki and Chiharu had departed by the time DJ Ozma had \"resurrected\" in 2011.
The OZ-MATE, six male backup dancers: Mine, Mamoru, TSURU-G, Hiroki, Kochi, and Choleste (aka Cholesterol-kun).
The OZ-MANIACS, various other personalities: MC Korea (Nishikiori Junpei of Binetsu Danji), MC Maji, So What? Brothers (who replaced MC Maji after the Maji character left the group following the LUV-XURY tour), Takuya Noro, ODAWARA JOE (who was also Maki Seigo for the second generation DJ Ozma prank), etc.
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# DJ Ozma
## Retirement and Resurrection {#retirement_and_resurrection}
While on tour for his third album in 2008, he announced that he would be retiring from performing as DJ Ozma. While the retirement of DJ Ozma was true, Ozma set up an elaborate hoax during his announcement press conference. He introduced Maki Seigo, a supposed part-time video store worker and friend from Ozma\'s past, and stated that Maki would continue on as a second generation of DJ Ozma in a \"pure, correct and beautiful\" way. Maki would be joined by Mine of the OZ-MATE, who would step into the part of Yaoh \"Prince\" Junichi, thereby replacing Yaoh \"KING\" Junichi as second vocalist. Pancho would remain on board as Pancho. One month later, at the farewell concert \"Ozma Forever Forever Ozma\" (OFFO), Maki was given a video introduction, and he awkwardly walked onstage in street clothes, addressing the audience briefly before being forced offstage as dancers began performing the song \"Spiderman\". Thus, the entire Maki announcement and subsequent plan for a second generation of DJ Ozma was revealed to be a prank.
Following the OFFO concert of December 13, 2008, the DJ Ozma persona \"retired\" on December 13, 2008, but he continued to perform as part of Yazima Beauty Salon, listed as its producer and its main lyricist, and reunited with Kishidan.
DJ Ozma was revived in December 2011 with the release of a new single, Chinkonka. This coincided with the Kishidan release of My Way a single cover to commemorate the 10th anniversary of Kishidan. In addition to competing for sales, a joint concert was held in late December, Kishidan vs DJ OZMA, to parody both the supposed rivalry of Ozma and Ayanocozey, and Ozma\'s denial that his two alter egos are the same people. Ayanocozey performed both his Kishidan and DJ Ozma alter egos (as did KING, Pancho, and the backdancers). However, in a callback to the OFFO concert, during sections where both Ayanocozey and Ozma appeared onstage and singing together, Ozma was played by Maki Seigo, who at one point, proclaimed again that he would step into a 2nd generation of DJ Ozma. Maki then immediately announced his retirement and, as was the case during OFFO, followed again by \"Spiderman\".
On November 17, 2013, Ozma (announcing it as Ayanocozey) admitted that the Ayanocozey and Ozma were \"the same character\".
On December 12, 2020, it was announced that Ozma had tested positive for COVID-19.
## Discography
### Albums
- *I ♡ Party People* (2006-11-15)
- *I ♡ Party People 2* (2007-12-5)
- *I ♡ Party People 3* (2008-12-31)
- *Single Collection 2006-2008 A-Side Trax* (2008-12-31)
### Singles
- \"Age Age Every Knight\"\|アゲ♂アゲ♂EVERY☆騎士\|Age Age Eburi Naito\| (2006)
- \"Sunjon\"/ \"Junjyou-Sunjeong"\|純情～スンジョン～\"\|\| (2006)
- \"One Night\" (2006)
- \"Shippū Jinrai (Inochi BOM-BA-YE)\"\|疾風迅雷～命BOM-BA-YE～\"\|\|(2007)
- \"E.Yo
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# Electoral district of Goldfields North
**Goldfields North** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1859 to 1880, including the goldfields within several northern electorates. Rolls were not kept for goldfields seats, voters being able to establish their right to vote by presenting either a mining licence or business licence in a proclaimed gold field that had been held for at least six months. Voters could also appear on the roll for general districts, but were prevented from voting in both their resident general district and the overlaying goldfields district. This meant that voters could vote tactically, if their candidate was unopposed---as James Hoskins was in the 1860 election---or their preferred candidate was assured of election, they could vote in the other electorate
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# Obersontheim
**Obersontheim** is a municipality in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
Today the town includes a number of villages, including Untersontheim, Ummenhofen and Hausen
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# Rot am See
**Rot am See** (`{{IPA|de|ʁoːt am zeː|}}`{=mediawiki}) is a town in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany with a population of 5,388 as of December 31, 2018.
## History
### Shooting
On January 24, 2020, it was the site of a mass shooting which killed six
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# Satteldorf
**Satteldorf** is a municipality in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## Geography
Satteldorf is located on the Hohenloher level on the Jagst, a right tributary of the Neckar, about 4 km north of Crailsheim. The eastern districts are located directly on the Frankenhöhe. The municipality is bordered to the north by Wallhausen , to the east by the Bavarian municipality of Schnelldorf, to the southeast by Kreßberg, to the south by Crailsheim and to the west by the town of Kirchberg an der Jagst
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# Stimpfach
**Stimpfach** is a municipality in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
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# Sulzbach-Laufen
**Sulzbach-Laufen** is a municipality in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 16 |
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| 0 |
10,049,500 |
# Untermünkheim
**Untermünkheim** is a town in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
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10,049,506 |
# Wallhausen, Baden-Württemberg
**Wallhausen** (`{{IPA|de|ˈvalˌhaʊzn̩}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
It contained the village of Hengstfeld and its hamlets of Asbach, Roßbürg and Schönbronn, incorporated into Wallhausen on 1 July 1974
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# Wolpertshausen
**Wolpertshausen** is a municipality in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
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| 0 |
10,049,522 |
# Beuron
**Beuron** (Swabian: *Beira*) is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Beuron is known for the Beuron Archabbey and the Beuron Art School for religious art
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# Aram Bagh, Agra
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ The **Aram Bagh** is the oldest Mughal garden in India, originally built by Emperor Babur, the first Mughal emperor, in 1526, located about five kilometers northeast of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. Babur was temporarily buried there before being interred in Kabul.
## Etymology
The name *Aaram Bagh* translates to \'Garden of Rest\'.
When Emperor Babur laid out this garden, he named it \'Bāgh-i-Gul Afshān\' (`{{Literal translation|The Flower-Scatterer Garden}}`{=mediawiki}). It was later renamed as Aram Bagh or the \'Garden of Rest\'. When the Marathas came to power in Agra between 1774 and 1803, they changed the name from \'Aram Bagh\' to \'Ram Bagh\', and the name has remained ever since.
It is also variously known as \'*Bagh-i Nur Afshan*\' which translates to \'Light-Scattering Garden\', *Aalsi Bagh* or \'Lazy Garden\': according to legend, Emperor Akbar proposed to his third wife, who was a gardener there, by lying idle for six days until she agreed to marry him.
## History
The garden is a Persian garden, where pathways and canals divide the garden to represent the Islamic ideal of paradise, an abundant garden through which rivers flow. The Aram Bagh provides an example of a variant of the charbagh in which water cascades down three terraces in a sequence of cascades. Two viewing pavilions face the Jumna river and incorporates a subterranean \'tahkhana\' which was used during the hot summers to provide relief for visitors. The garden has numerous water courses and fountains.
Jahangir waited in the garden in early March 1621 for the most astrologically auspicious hour for him to enter Agra after he took the Fort of Kangra. Jahangir made several additions in the garden, which includes two marble pavilions and a number of *chhatris*. The preserved, surviving architecture dates to his reign and demonstrates the skill of his wife Nur Jahan as a garden designer.
## In art and literature {#in_art_and_literature}
An engraving of Thomas Shotter Boys\' painting is in Fisher\'s Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835, together with a poetical illustration (*The history of Shah Dara\'s flight and death*) by Letitia Elizabeth Landon entitled `{{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L
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# Bingen, Baden-Württemberg
**Bingen** (`{{IPA|de|ˈbɪŋən|-|De-Bingen.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## Mayors
Jochen Fetzer was elected mayor in 2002. He was reelected in October 2010 and 2018. In 2024 Marco Potas was elected mayor.
- Robert Daubenberger (CDU)
- 1978--2002: Paul Mayer (CDU)
- 2003--2024: Jochen Fetzer (independent)
- since 2024: Marco Potas (independent)
## Points of interest {#points_of_interest}
- Hornstein Castle Ruin, first noted in 1271, a former Reichsfestung. Between 1818 and 1869 the castle served as an asylum and prison. It was partly demolished in 1879. The castle\'s chapel is still in good shape and used for religious ceremonies. It contains medieval altars by Magnus Hops.
## Famous people {#famous_people}
- Johann Schreck S.J
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# Social Democratic Party of Transnistria
The **Social Democratic Party of Transnistria** (*Социал-демократическая партия Приднестровья*) was a social-democratic political party in Transnistria.
It was formed on 25 January 2007 by Aleksandr Radchenko, a former member of the Transnistrian Supreme Council. Unlike other political parties in Transnistria, it supports conditional reintegration into Moldova with a high amount of autonomy for Transnistria. After 2009, the party lost its influence and faded from relevancy. `{{As of|2013}}`{=mediawiki}, it has no offices, staff nor membership, although it never officially declared its dissolution
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# Herbertingen
**Herbertingen** (Swabian: *Herberdenga*) is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The municipality Herbertingen consists of the villages Herbertingen, Hundersingen, Marbach and Mieterkingen. Herbertingen is twinned with Saint-Paul-en-Jarez in France.
## History
## Geography
The community Herbertingen with its rolling hills and wide valleys is located on the northern edge of Upper Swabia. The landscape is formed by the ice masses and the meltwater of the Rhine glacier, which has been advancing from the Alps to Upper Swabia for more than 2 million years during several ice ages. The valleys of the Danube, Schwarzach and Krähenbach were carved into the molasse layers, colorful marls and glimmering fine sands, which form the core of the long hills between the valleys and their subsoil. The glacier of the penultimate, the crack ice age (200,000 to 130,000 years before today) crossed the territory of the community with repeated advances and left deep valleys and small lakes between steep hills with fat ground moraine on hills and slopes for agriculture and gravel for the gravel pits.
The glacier of the last, the Würm Ice Age (115,000 to 11,500 years before today) did not reach the municipality, but remained stuck south of Bad Saulgau. His melt waters filled the Schwarzachtal with gravel. The glacial landscape in front of the glacier\'s forehead was a deep frozen, almost treeless Arctic cold desert. In the Arctic summer, the earth thawed superficially, flowed as mud to the base of a slope or was flooded by the rain, the steep slopes flattened: The old landscape took on the sanded soft shapes that we know today.
11,500 years old is the warm period in which we live. More than 10,000 years ago, deciduous forest began to cover the land, bogs grew in depressions and wet valleys, where the streams and rivers flowed in loops. Over 6,000 years ago, man began managing nature. The Danube was not so easy to control; she has cut open until the regulation with dikes, the left half of the valley with flood waters with new loops.
For buses (767 m above sea level), it is only a stone\'s throw away. The \"holy mountain of Upper Swabia\", a landmark that can be seen from afar, opens the view to the nearby Federsee and its moor girdle and, with good visibility, over the entire Alpine arc. The Swabian Alb with deep, meandering streams with clear water, framed by white limestone cliffs on steep valley walls, with plateaus and dry valleys, juniper heaths and stalactite caves, is close and well developed by a dense network of cycling and hiking trails. The Upper Danube also attracts with its romantic, deeply cut breakthrough valley. For Lake Constance, with its mild climate and very own vegetation, it is just 50 km, where you cross the steeply hilly Jungmoränen landscape with old half-timbered towns and entrancing baroque monasteries and churches.
## Transport
Herbertingen is served by the Ulm--Sigmaringen railway
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# Herdwangen-Schönach
**Herdwangen-Schönach** is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
The municipality lies 15 kilometers north of the Bodensee, in the upper Linzgau, between the cities Pfullendorf in the north and Überlingen in the south. With the municipality reform of 1974 the three municipalities Herdwangen, Großschönach and Oberndorf were merged into one. The coat of arms was derived from the coats of arms of the three predecessor municipalities
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# Hohentengen
**Hohentengen** is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
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# Con Errico
**Con Errico** (November 4, 1921 -- March 21, 1993) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey who went to prison after being convicted of race fixing.
Among his noted race wins, Errico captured the 1949 Travers Stakes aboard the future Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame colt, Arise and rode Crafty Admiral for part of the 1952 season when the horse was voted U.S. Champion Handicap Male Horse.
After twenty-nine years as a jockey, Errico\'s career came to an end when he was indicted on race-fixing charges. In his 1980 New York trial in 2nd Circuit Court (*United States v. Errico*, 635 F. 2d 152), the chief government witness was jockey José Amy who himself would be banned from New York racing for almost twenty-five years for his role in the scandal. Amy testified that Con Errico paid him and other jockeys as much as \$7,500 per race to hold back their horses. Convicted, Errico was fined \$25,000 and sentenced to 10 years in prison. In poor health, in 1985 he was released from the Federal Correctional Institution in Sandstone, Minnesota.
In 1993, Con Errico was living at Deerfield Beach, Florida, when he suffered a stroke after open-heart surgery and died a short time later on March 21
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# Illmensee
**Illmensee** is a municipality of the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
## History
Illmensee was mediatized to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1803, whose government assigned the township to the district of Pfullendorf. It was reassigned in 1843 to the district of Heiligenberg, which was dissolved in 1938 into the district of Überlingen. Illmensee expanded dramatically after World War II, particularly in the 1960s, when the municipality industrialized. In 1973, as part of 1973 Baden-Württemberg district reform, the district of Überlingen was merged into a new one based at Sigmaringen.
## Geography
The municipality (*Gemeinde*) of Illmensee is situated at the southeastern corner of the district of Sigmaringen, in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Illmensee lies along Sigmaringen\'s border with the district of Ravensburg to the east and the Bodensee district to the south. The municipality is physically located in a depression formed by the Würm glaciation in the Upper Swabian hill country. The municipality\'s three lakes, the Illmensee itself, Ruschweiler Lake, and the Volzer Lake lakes, are glacial lakes that were also formed by the Würm glaciation. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of 833 m Normalnull (NN) to a low of 667 m NN.
The Federally-protected Ruschweiler and Volzer Lakes nature reserve is located in Illmensee\'s municipal area.
## Politics
Illmensee has three boroughs (*Ortsteile*): Illmensee, Illwanger, and Ruschweiler.
### Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
Illmensee\'s coat of arms depicts a white fish leaping over a yellow, three-pointed hill upon a field of red. The coat of arms was taken from the House of Irmensee, a noble family that went extinct in Switzerland in 1591.
## Transport
Local public transport is provided by the Verkehrsverbund Neckar-Alb-Donau. The municipality has since 2009 been a member of the Bodensee-Oberschwaben Verkehrsverbund
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# Mengtemu
**Möngke Temür** (`{{zh|s=猛哥帖木耳|hp=Měnggē Tiē mù'ěr}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{zh|s=猛哥帖木儿|hp=Měnggē Tiēmù'er|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) or **Dudu Mengtemu** (Manchu: `{{MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᡩᡠ ᠮᡝᡢᡨᡝ᠋ᠮᡠ}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{zh|s=孟特穆|hp=Mèngtèmù|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) (1370--1433) was a Jurchen chieftain of the Odoli tribe, one of the three tribes of the lower Sunggari river valley in Manchuria. In the 1380s the tribe migrated southward towards the lower valley of the Tumen River and settled in Womuho (present day Hoeryong). As a distant ancestor of the Aisin Gioro clan which founded the Qing dynasty, Möngke Temür was accorded the posthumous name **Emperor Yuan** (原皇帝) and the temple name **Zhaozu** (肇祖) by the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty. His son was Cungšan.
## Career
In 1388, the Hongwu Emperor established contact with three tribes of the Jianzhou Jurchens, the Odoli, Huligai and Tuowen and attempted to enlist them as allies against the Mongols. There was a general migration south of the various Jurchen groups around the start of the 15th century and the three tribes established themselves around the Tumen River (near the modern border of China, Russia and North Korea). Not long afterwards, the various Jurchens began accepting Ming titles from the Yongle Emperor as the Military Commanders of the three Wei, namely Jianzhou Wei (`{{zh|s=建州衛|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), Jianzhou Left Wei (`{{zh|s=建州左衛|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) and Jianzhou Right Wei (`{{zh|s=建州右衛|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}). The Wei (`{{zh|s=衛|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) was military unit composed of 5 Suo (`{{zh|s=所|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), and each Suo was staffed with 1100 soldiers. As Military Commanders of Wei, they were required to go to Beijing every year to pay tribute to the Emperor.
In 1395, he visited the Joseon court to present tribute to the Taejo of Joseon. As a result, in 1404, he was awarded an honorary military position by the Koreans.
During this time, the Ming court frequently sent envoys to local chieftains to persuade local chieftains to recognize the suzerainty of the Ming emperor, however Möngke Temür did not respond. This was to the delight of the Korean court and in 1405, he was nominated to be a myriarch under the Korean king. In April 1405, a Ming envoy of Jurchen origin Wang Jiaohuati, was sent to Korea to persuade the Korean king along with Möngke Temür to enter into tributary relations with the Ming.
Ahacu (`{{zh|s=阿哈出|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), later also known as Li Sicheng (`{{zh|s=李思誠|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), chief of the Huligai, became commander of the Jianzhou Wei (建州衛) in 1403, named after a Yuan Dynasty political unit in the area. Möngke Temür of the Odoli became leader of the Jianzhou Left Wei (`{{zh|s=建州左衛|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) and accepted the Chinese surname of Tóng (`{{zh|s=童|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) not long afterward.
The Koreans tried to persuade Möngke Temür to reject the Ming dynasty\'s overtures, but was unsuccessful since Möngke Temür submitted to the Ming. The Korean king ordered Möngke Temür not to comply with the request of Ming, he first complied with this order only to capitulate, visiting Nanjing in September 1405, leaving with an appointment as regional commissioner.
In the following years, the Jurchen tribes along with Möngke Temür\'s Odoli tribe fought skirmishes and battles with the Koreans. With the constant insecurity in the presence of the Koreans, Meng and his followers migrated westward, settling in May 1411 in Fengzhou, in the valley of the Hoifa river, an affluent of the Sunggari river, where the Jianzhou guard under Šigiyanu (Li Xianzhong) was located.
Here the Ming government would establish the Jianzhou Left Guard from the existing Jianzhou guard with Möngke Temür as the regional commander of the new guard.
During this time, the Yongle Emperor began frequently sending expeditionary forces towards the Mongols, Möngke Temür and his followers would take part in one such expedition in 1422. With the threat of retaliatory invasions of the Mongols and the growing dominance of Möngke Temür, Li Manzhu, and his followers, who numbered more than six thousand were forced to leave Fengzhou and head back to Womuho in 1423.
After his return, Möngke Temür decided that the best policy of self-preservation would be to serve both Ming and Korean interests. In 1426, he visited Beijing and was awarded a promotion as assistant commissioner in chief. His half brother Fanca visited Beijing in 1432, presented tribute, and was promoted to assistant commissioner. In 1432, Möngke Temür visited Beijing again and was promoted to commissioner in chief while Fanca was made a regional commissioner. Starting in 1427, Möngke Temür had begun sending his eldest son Agu to visit the Korean court with the hopes that Agu would become a royal bodyguard in Korea.
On November 30, 1433, Möngke Temür and his son Agu were killed in a riot led by Yang Mutawuta, a Jurchen battalion commander from a different tribe in the area of Kaiyuan. Yang Mutawuta had followed Mongke Temur and his son
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# Inzigkofen
**Inzigkofen** is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Historically, it is part of the Swabian north Alpine foreland basin.
It consists of three districts:
+----------+---------------+------------+------+
| Coat of\ | District\ | Population | Area |
| Arms | (Teilort) | | |
+==========+===============+============+======+
| | Inzigkofen\ | 1372 | |
| | with Nickhof\ | | |
| | und Pault | | |
+----------+---------------+------------+------+
| | Engelswies | 611 | |
+----------+---------------+------------+------+
| | Vilsingen\ | 845 | |
| | with Dietfurt | | |
+----------+---------------+------------+------+
Within Engelswies is the now-abandoned Talsberg quarry, known for its fossiliferous layers, and the site of evidence of the oldest Eurasian hominoids; a molar tooth found there in June 1973 was reported in June 2011 to have been \"dated with relative precision at 17 to 17.1 Ma\" (million years ago).
## Mayors
In November 2004 Bernd Gombold, was elected mayor with 96,8 % of the vote
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# Alexander Shulgin (musician)
**Alexander Valeryevich Shulgin** (born August 25, 1964) is a Russian author and composer. He was born in Irkutsk, Russia, and currently lives in Moscow.
## Music career {#music_career}
Shulgin\'s career began at the age of 19 in Russian rock band Kruiz. The band is regarded as legendary for being the first rock band from the USSR to tour abroad (1983--1986). The popularity of The Kruiz was remarkable as they were known as anti-Soviet, and there was no mention of the band in mass media. With the advent of reorganization of the USSR, in 1985, The Kruiz sold 20 million copies of their first album and in 1987 the album was released by WEA (Germany).
After The Kruiz, Shulgin began working in Germany, where he created \"The Taiga Symphony\". This was a combination of Russian classic music with western rock-music with music by Vitally Bondarchuck and lyrics by American composer Richard Niles. The album featured The Moscow Symphony Orchestra conducted by Pavel Kogan and respected Western musicians Alvin Lee, Paul Carrack, Mel Collins, Phil Palmer and J.J. Belle. Successful in the USSR, it was the beginning of the career of Valeriya who has become one of the most popular singers in Russia.
Shulgin then created \"Merry Christmas to the World\", an East-West collaboration between Shulgin and BBC Worldwide. With music by Shulgin and lyrics and production by Richard Niles, it expressed the ethos of glasnost. London studio musicians performed with members of the Moscow Symphony and the Soviet Folk Orchestra. Sung by Valeria, the video was directed by Ken Russell who used it in his film \"Alice in Russialand\" (1998). Shot in Red Square, the clip featured psychic Uri Geller. During a special communication, astronauts from the \"Star Township\" introduced Valeria while in orbit around the Earth. The clip became the grand finale of the New Year program on the first national TV channel of the Soviet Union.
Shulgin wrote compositions for the albums \"Anna\", released in 1995, \"Famillia, and \"The eyes of the sky colour\".
Shulgin helped "FM GROUP" to record their debut album, *MADE IN RUSSIA* and recorded an album of Alexander Byinov. Afterwards Shulgin recorded a solo album for "FM GROUP" lead-singer Alevtina Egorova, and also worked with Tatiana Ovsienko, Nastya Shirokova. In spring of 2005, Shulgin got the suggestion to write music for the new music serial with the tentative title "Primadonna", the serial made for showing on the Russian TV Channel. For this "Primadonna" serial Alexander wrote 20 original songs, and at the very least three leading themes from the film and all the songs of a composer got into the final variant of "Primadonna". Shulgin also wrote all the music filling-out for the new socio-political TV Channel "SPAS" (The Festival of the Saviour).
Shulgin released his first solo album "Predstavlenie" (The Introduction), and Shulgin signed with TheOrchard.com. The album was released worldwide.
Shulgin wrote material for two albums by Elena Sheremet, *Lady-Sax* and *Lady-sax (The Remixes)*.
Successful Russian artists who have recorded Shulgin\'s songs include Valeriya, Alexander Buinov, The Band FM, Yulia Mikhalchik, Drugie Pravila and Tatyana Ovsienko. Shulgin's songs have topped the Russian and Eastern European charts such as Bratislava Lyre \'93.
As a producer, Shulgin has had more than 20 hit albums, five of which were Number 1. He has also had ten Number 1 albums as co-producer.
Alexander Shulgin has written many hits in Russia. His awards for \"Song of The Year\" include *Aeroplane* (1994), *Something Common* (1995), *You Are Somewhere Round There* (1999), *Snowstorm* (2000) and *Don't Hurt Me*(2001). Shulgin\'s adaptation of the 18th century Russian song *Flowers* won many prizes including \"Montreux 1992,\" \"Anigraf 1992,\" *Generation 1992.*
Shulgin is also a composer of music for films and TV, his songs appearing in films by Lukas Moodysson and Ken Russell. He is also the director of the first public TV channel \"Spas\" and composed all the music for the channel.
As the producer and judge of such popular TV music contests as \"Become a Star\" (the Russian version of \"Pop Star\") and \"Star Factory\" (the Russian version of \"Star Academy\") Shulgin may be said to be the \"Simon Cowell of Russia.\" He also judges many other Russian and international contests. British singer Sam Brown took part in his popular Russian contest \"Morning Star\" and Shulgin was also a judge on \"Donetsk Olympus\" (Ukraine).
Shulgin compositions appear on the three-part music compilation *Tryptych*.
*Tryptych. Shulgin's Songbook. Part I* was recorded with instrumentalists Simon Rushby, Steve King, Jon Howell, with lead guitars by Paul Drew. The album was recorded in spring 2008 in Great Britain, at DWB Music record studio. The record was produced by English producers Paul Drew, Greig Watts and Pete Barringer.
*Tryptych. Shulgin's Songbook. Part II* is a piano album played by Gary Husband, played in a "minimal" style. One of the album tracks -- an instrumental duet -- was recorded together with Martin Taylor. The record was recorded in the end of summer 2007 in one of the London studios, produced by Richard Niles.
*Тruptych. Shulgin's Songbook. Part III* was made in a "smooth jazz" style, recorded together with jazz musicians Billy Cobham, John Patitucci, Bob James, Bob Mintzer and others. The material was recorded during spring and summer of 2007 at New-York and London studios. Richard Niles was a producer of the album.
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# Alexander Shulgin (musician)
## Business career {#business_career}
Shulgin advises Russian and foreign companies on New Media, lecturing at exhibitions and conferences all over the world including Beijing, Hong Kong, Berlin and London.
As a businessman, Alexander Shulgin deals with projects in digital media and new media. He invested and created a list of successful projects and services.
### At the beginning of Russian business {#at_the_beginning_of_russian_business}
- 1989 -- created one of the first Russian private companies (c-p SHULGIN), working in the field of intellectual property, copyright and music publishing.
- 1989 - co-founder of one of the first recording company LAD, specializing in classical music with one of the biggest catalogs of Russian classical music.
- 1990--1995 - creating a big distribution company presenting consumer electronics on the Russian and CIS market. The company was one of the five biggest Russian wholesale companies with multistore in Moscow.
- 1992 - creating the Association of recording companies and distribution Becar. Later it became recording company Becar, and Alexander was founder and main shareholder. The company was a market leader in 1993--1999. It has also the biggest distribution multistore and production of MC and CD audio.
Later the company Familia was created, and it became the Gruppa Kompaniy Familia.
### Gruppa Kompaniy Familia {#gruppa_kompaniy_familia}
Shulgin is the owner and director of the Familia group of companies, which are involved innew media business, publishing and entertainment.
### rASiA.com Forum & Festival {#rasia.com_forum_festival}
In May 2012, Shulgin launched a start-up project rASiA.com Forum & Festival - an event consisting of Forum with a focus on content, new technologies, new media and distribution, and Festival of modern Asian culture.
Shulgin is co-founder of [5 Continent Consalting Group](http://5ccg.com/) and iMusicTV.
### Expert activity {#expert_activity}
In 2006, Shulgin began writing a column in a new business online newspaper \"Vzglyad\" focusing on New Media in Russia.
Since 2010, Shulgin has been a columnist of NEWSmusic.ru.
### Public activity {#public_activity}
Shulgin is a member of the Russian Authors Society and has been involved in developing new media space in Russia
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# Leibertingen
**Leibertingen** is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
## Geography
### Geographical location {#geographical_location}
Leibertingen is located 600 to 850 meters above sea level directly over the Danube valley in the Heuberg region, a plateau at the southern bound corner of the Swabian Jura, with a distance of 22 km to Sigmaringen and 24 km to Tuttlingen and belongs to the Naturpark Obere Donau. Of the total area of around 4720 hectares (as of Dec. 31 2010), 2127 hectare are forest, 2328 hectare are farmland and 257 hectares consist of residential and circulation areas. The so-called \"Dreiländereck\" (Eng. border triangle) is located underneath the nearby Wildenstein mountain. This is where Württemberg (Irndorf parish), Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (Beuron parish) and Baden (Leibertingen parish) come together.
## Municipality
Leibertingen forms the name-giving municipality with the adjoining villages of Altheim, Kreenheinstetten and Thalheim.
Coat of arms Villages Inhabitants (2008) Area
-------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- ---------
Leibertingen (main locality) 681 1729 ha
Altheim 250 456 ha
Kreenheinstetten 651 1588 ha
Thalheim 666 947 ha
### Administration
Leibertingen forms with the neighboring towns of Sauldorf and Meßkirch an association of its municipal administration.
## History
In historic documents Leibertingen was mentioned in the year 1275 for the first time; Altheim however already in the year 768, and Kreenheinstetten in 793.
## Demographics
**Population development:**
+------------------------+
| Year Inhabitants |
| ------ ------------- |
| 1990 2,036 |
| 2001 2,230 |
| 2011 2,187 |
| 2021 2,144 |
+------------------------+
## Economy
## Transport
## Architecture, people and yearly events {#architecture_people_and_yearly_events}
### Historical buildings {#historical_buildings}
- Burg Wildenstein
### Notable people {#notable_people}
- Abraham a Sancta Clara (1644--1709) born at Kreenheinstetten
### Yearly events {#yearly_events}
- The \"Wildensteiner Jahrmarkt\"
## Sport
- Leibertingen harbors a gliding airfield, where during the year various events take place
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# Neufra
**Neufra** is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## Geography and location {#geography_and_location}
The municipality of Neufra is located in the Fehla River Valley, a tributary of the Lauchert River, which rises in the Swabian Alps.
Neighboring towns and villages include Bitz in the West; Burladingen and Gauselfingen in the northwest; Gammertingen and Bronnen to the north and east; Hettingen in the southeast; Veringenstadt to the south; and Harthausen auf der Scher in the southwest.
## History
Evidence of prehistoric settlement abound in Neufra and surrounding environs. Graves and ceramics from Neufra and Freudenweiler date from the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500 BC) to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1200 BC). Other artifacts have been recovered from Hallstatt Culture sites. In more recent prehistory, Roman finds, dating from the Republic-era (c. 100 BC) were unearthed on the northern slope of Mount Ebinger.
The name \"Neufra\" probably derives from the Alemannic German \"Niwifara\" from the 6th or 7th century AD, which can be translated either \"new family\" or \"new ford\". In 1138 AD, the area\'s name was listed as \"Nufiron\" in the chronicle of Berthold of Zwiefalten.
## Demographics
**Population development:**
+------------------------+
| Year Inhabitants |
| ------ ------------- |
| 1990 1.881 |
| 2001 1.923 |
| 2011 1.848 |
| 2021 1
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# Sauldorf
**Sauldorf** is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
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# Schwenningen, Sigmaringen
**Schwenningen** is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany close to the Heuberg Military Training Area
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# Sigmaringendorf
**Sigmaringendorf** (Swabian: *Semmerengadorf*) is a small town in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. In Sigmaringendorf the small river *Lauchert* flows into the Danube. There is an open-air-theatre in Sigmaringendorf, it\'s called Waldbühne Sigmaringendorf.
## Mayors
Since September 2018 Phillip Schwaiger is the mayor of Sigmaringendorf
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# Wald, Baden-Württemberg
**Wald** (`{{IPA|de|valt|-|De-Wald.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
Coat of arms District Inhabitants (2010) Size
-------------- ---------------------- -------------------- -----------
Wald (main locality) 843 827,47 ha
Glashütte 97 178,66 ha
Hippetsweiler 201 348,73 ha
Kappel 105 334,66 ha
Reischach 67 217,61 ha
Riedetsweiler 83 203,61 ha
Rothenlachen 38 217,26 ha
Ruhestetten 174 643,29 ha
Sentenhart 340 575,80 ha
Walbertsweiler 639 839,57 ha
## Girl School {#girl_school}
### Kloster Wald {#kloster_wald}
The students get to know the different workshops in a trial week in class 8. They can decide for one of the artisanal trainings according to their interests and abilities. The training starts parallel to school in class 9 on one afternoon per week until the graduation. After that, the training continues in theory and practice full-time until ensuing spring.
### Staate journeyman\'s examinations {#staate_journeymans_examinations}
body under public law, the proper Chamber of Crafts
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# Alfred Hutton
**Alfred Hutton** FSA (10 March 1839 -- 18 December 1910) was a British Army officer, antiquarian and writer. Serving during the Victorian era in the 1st King\'s Dragoon Guards, he played a major role in the revival of historical fencing in England, together with fellow fencers Egerton Castle, Ernest Stenson-Cooke, Sir Frederick Pollock and Walter Herries Pollock.
## Early life {#early_life}
Alfred Hutton was born on 10 March 1839 at Beverley, Yorkshire the eleventh and youngest child and seventh son of Henry William Hutton (1787--1848) and his wife Marianne (before 1795-1879), only child of John Fleming of Beverley. Henry W Hutton was a captain in the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, retired 1811.
Alfred attended Blackheath Proprietary School (Lewisham), matriculated at University College, Oxford, on 25 November 1857. He was intended for the Church, but the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny in 1857 turned his thoughts toward a military career, and he left the university without graduating and joined the Army.
## Military career {#military_career}
His military career began on 31 May 1859, when he joined the 79th (Cameron) Highlanders as an Ensign. On arrival at the depot of his regiment at Perth he soon proved himself an expert fencer. `{{blockquote|The youngest officer was probably the most skilful swordsman in the Army, though his comrades did not realise the fact. He brought with him a bundle of swords of different kinds, and one of the sergeants, anxious to teach the newcomer a lesson, challenged him to a bout. The sergeant, who had a reputation as a man-at-arms, chose the bayonet against the young ensign's sword, but was easily worsted, and the result was the same when the weapons were changed. After this feat the young officer was invited to form a fencing class for the officers and non-commissioned officers, and the swordsmanship of the regiment was greatly improved.<ref name="NZ"/> }}`{=mediawiki}
Upon joining the headquarters of his regiment in India, at the request of his commanding officer, Colonel Hodgson, he organized in the regiment the Cameron Fencing Club, for which he prepared his first work, a 12-page booklet entitled *Swordsmanship* (1862), printed at Simla Advertiser Press. On 14 January 1862 Hutton was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. In 1864 after 4 years in the infantry he exchanged into the cavalry: the 7th Hussars. After being invalided home in 1865 he joined the 1st King\'s Dragoon Guards in 1866, and continued to popularize fencing in his regiments. He was gazetted captain on 30 September 1868, and retired from the service in 1873. `{{blockquote|Throughout his career he was a strong advocate of better swordsmanship in the Army. He was one of the first, too, to raise bayonet fighting to the dignity of a science.<ref name="NZ"/> }}`{=mediawiki}
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# Alfred Hutton
## Fencing
Hutton started to learn fencing at the age of twelve at the fencing school in St James\' Street from Henry Charles Angelo the Younger (1780-1852), appointed Superintendent of Sword Exercise in the Army (1833-1852), author of *Infantry Sword Exercise* (1845), which remained the standard Army reference book for sword instruction on foot for 50 years. This school was established by Domenico Angelo Malevolti Tremamondo (1716-1802), renowned Italian fencing master from Leghorn, author of the classic treatise on small sword *L'École des armes* (1763, *The School of Fencing*). Alfred\'s father was a pupil of Henry Angelo *the elder* (1756-1835), son of the founder of this fencing dynasty, Domenico Angelo.
After returning from India in 1865, Hutton had become the pupil and friend of William McTurk, Henry Charles Angelo\'s successor at the school of arms in St James\' Street. On leaving the army he focused on practicing modern fencing with foil, sabre, and bayonet, but mainly on the study and revival of older fencing systems and schools. In 1889 Hutton published his most influential work, *Cold Steel: A Practical Treatise on the Sabre*, which presented an original method of military sabre use on foot, combining the 18th century English backsword with modern Italian duelling sabre. The treatise also offered self-defense techniques based on constable\'s truncheon and short sword-bayonet, as well as exercise material from 16th century texts, including Marozzo. He successfully advocated the use by cavalry of a straight pointed sword for thrusting rather than an edged sword for cutting. In 1890 he published *Fixed Bayonets*, in which he insisted that a competently wielded bayonet should beat a good swordsman, but his views of bayonet fighting were regarded in the army as too theoretical for modern practical instruction. He retorted by deploring military reliance on Italian theories of swordsmanship to the exclusion of effective French practice.
Hutton\'s pioneering advocacy and practice of historical fencing included reconstructions of the fencing systems of several historical masters including George Silver and Achille Marozzo. He delivered numerous lectures on, and practical demonstrations of these systems during the 1890s, both in order to benefit various military charities and to encourage patronage of the contemporary methods of competitive fencing, which had hitherto fallen out of popular fashion in England. He also used these lectures and demonstrations to advocate his own theories about military sabre fencing.
## Influence upon stage fencing {#influence_upon_stage_fencing}
Hutton successfully introduced realistic, historically accurate swordplay into the contemporary theatrical repertoire. In *Old Sword Play* (1892) he wrote: `{{blockquote|There are those who affect to ridicule the study of obsolete weapons, alleging that it is of no practical use; everything, however, is useful to the Art of Fence which tends to create an interest in it, and certain it is that such contests as ''Rapier and Dagger'', ''Two hand Sword'', or ''Broadsword and Handbuckler'', are a very great embellishment to the somewhat monotonous proceedings of the ordinary ''assault of arms''.}}`{=mediawiki} `{{blockquote|The Combinations will be found extremely useful as forms of "set play" for combats on the dramatic stage.}}`{=mediawiki}
Circa 1899--1902, Hutton taught stage fencing classes for actors via the Bartitsu Club, where he also served on the Board of Directors and learned the basics of jujutsu and the Vigny method of stick fighting from his fellow instructors.
Alfred Hutton arranged combats for numerous London plays, including:
- *Romeo and Juliet* at the Court Theatre, performed 17 March 1904 -- 5 March 1904
- *The Comedy of Errors*, performed 17 December 1904 (4 performances)
- *Romeo and Juliet* at the Lyceum, performed 14 March 1908 -- 30 May 1908
## Death
He died unmarried at his chambers in 76 Jermyn Street, London, on 18 December 1910, and was buried in the churchyard of St Mary\'s Church in Astbury, near Congleton, Cheshire, three days later. The following inscription can be found on his grave: `{{blockquote| In Affectionate Memory of / ALFRED HUTTON late King's Dragoon Guards & Last Surviving Son of HENRY WILLIAM HUTTON of Beverley / Hold thou Thy Cross Before My Closing Eyes / Born March 10th 1839. Died December 18th 1910, Aged 71 Years.<ref>Record No OA 392 in the church register. According to William Ball, M.A., Churchwarden & Secretary of the Parochial Church Council of St Mary, Astbury</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
On 8 October 1911 a memorial tablet - *In Memoriam Captain Alfred Hutton Late The King\'s Dragoon Guards Born March 10, 1839 Died December 18, 1910. A Great Swordsman And Writer On The Art. RIP.* - was unveiled in the chancel of St Mary\'s Church (Astbury) by Lieutenant General Sir Edward Hutton, his nephew.
Several works of Alfred Hutton have been republished in the past decade: *Old sword play: techniques of the great masters* (2001, 2010), *The sword through the centuries* (2002) (original title: *The Sword and the Centuries or Old Sword Days and Old Sword Ways*), *Cold steel: the art of fencing with the sabre* (2006).
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# Alfred Hutton
## Family
His mother, Marianne (died 19 January 1879, aged 87) and two sisters: Harriott (died 18 January 1906) and Marianne Eleanor (died 31 January 1908, aged 95) were also buried in the churchyard of St Mary\'s Church. One of his brothers, Henry John died in 1846 and was buried in the Beverly Cathedral, a memorial tablet: `{{blockquote|Here lies the remains of Henry John Hutton, the beloved son of Henry William and Marianne Hutton, formerly Captain in her Majesty's 34th Regiment. He was born at Sherwood Hall in Nottinghamshire 1 July 1814 and died at Clifton near Bristol 24 October 1846}}`{=mediawiki} can be found there.
His other brother, Edward Thomas Hutton (died 1849), was the father of Sir Edward Hutton KCMG.
## Collections
Hutton bequeathed his fine collection of fencing and duelling literature, with some admirable specimens of oriental sword-cutlery, to the Victoria and Albert Museum. 371 books from his collection of fencing books - Hutton Bequest - can be found in the National Art Library in the V&A Museum. Most volumes bound for Hutton are in vellum, with red leather lettering pieces on the upper covers and backs. Upper covers are gold blocked with Hutton\'s name in Gothic type and his armorial crest.
Further collections of books formerly owned by him are the Corble Collection, located at the Universiteitsbibliotheek at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and the Emil Fick Library, located at the Livrustkammaren (Sweden).
## Commemorations
In May 2013 the Forteza Western martial arts studio in Chicago commemorated Hutton via the dedication of the Captain Alfred Hutton Lounge, incorporating a library, research center, museum of historical swords and weapons, art gallery of 19th century fencing prints and a social space.
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# Alfred Hutton
## Works
- *Swordsmanship* (1862), written for the members of the Cameron Fencing Club (Simla)
- *Swordsmanship, for the use of soldiers* (1866)
- *Swordsmanship and Bayonet-fencing* (1867)
- *The Cavalry Swordsman* (1867)
- *Bayonet-fencing and Sword-practice* (1882)
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- *[Cold Steel](http://www.thehaca.com/pdf/ColdSteel.pdf)*: *a practical treatise on the sabre, based on the old English backsword play of the Eighteenth century, combined with the method of the modern Italian school. Also on various other weapons of the present day, including the short sword-bayonet and the constable's truncheon. Illustrated with numerous figures, and also with reproductions of engravings from masters of bygone years* (1889)
- *Our Daggers: or, how to use the new bayonet* (1890)
- *Fixed Bayonets. A complete system of fence for the British magazine rifle, explaining the uses of the point, edges, and butt, both in offence and defence: comprising also a glossary of English, French, and Italian terms common to the art of fencing, with a bibliographical list of works affecting the bayonet* (1890)
- *The Swordsman. A manual of fence for the three arms, foil, sabre, and bayonet. With an appendix consisting of a code of rules for assaults, competitions* (1891)
- *[Old Swordplay](http://www.thehaca.com/pdf/OldSwordPlay.pdf)*: *A glance at the systems of fence in vogue during the XVIth, XVIIth, and XVIIIth centuries, with lessons arranged from the works of various ancient masters for the practical study of the use of the picturesque arms borne of forefathers* (1892)
- *Our Swordsmanship* (1893), lecture at the Royal United Service Institution, Whitehall
- *Notes on Ancient Fence* (1895), a descriptive account of the 16th-century swordplay, at the Albany Club (Kingston upon Thames), by members of the school of arms, London Rifle Brigade under the direction of Captain Alfred Hutton, FSA and Ernest Stenson Cooke, Esq. With notes on \'Ancient fence\' by Captain A Hutton and on the bibliography of the art of fence, by Captain C A Thimm, FRGS
- *The infantry sword exercises of 1895* (c. 1895)
- *A criticism of the infantry sword exercise of 1895* (1896)
- *Sword Fighting and Sword Play* (1897), The Indian Fencing Review
- *The Swordsman. A manual of fence for the foil, sabre and bayonet* (1898)
- *Examples of Ju Jitsu, or Japanese Wrestling for Schoolboys* (undated, around 1900) [Ju jitsu](http://ejmas.com/jnc/2006jnc/Huttonjujutsu
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# Dußlingen
**Dußlingen** is a municipality in the district of Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The village was named for the first time in the records as \'villa Tuzzilinga\' in the year 888. By 1135 it was called Tuzzelingen, in 1216 it was called Tusselingen. The name itself comes from the personal name Tuzzilo, and the -ingen is an old Alemannic suffix. Dußlingen has a rich history, proven by artifacts that have been found from the stone age, the Hallstatt age, Latene period, and Roman era.
Like other villages in medieval times, the income from the church and from the farms was distributed to a series of nobles, typically as rewards or in payment for fealty and service. The Knights of Dußlingen were subjects of the Count of Tübingen, and seem to have flourished in the period from 1250 to 1400. They took on the family name of Herter (surnames just coming into vogue during that time), and passed the village property on from generation to generation. The Herters also performed the duties of pastor to the village. Apparently falling on hard times, Jacob Herter and his nephew Hans sold the village to Count Ludwig of Württemberg in 1446.
However, Jacob\'s son Wilhelm ended up getting the property back as a fief because of his stature in the Württemberg court. When he died in 1477 in Basel, Switzerland, he was lauded as \"brave Knight Wilhelm Herter of Tübingen, large of body, large of knowledge and wisdom and eloquence, mourned by all, by lordship and noblemen and common folk.\" The Herter family retained its fief until the death of their last male heir in 1614, just prior to the time when Dußlingen\'s church records start.
There used to be a castle in Dußlingen. A part of the wall which surrounded the old castle on the north edge of the village still remains today. It is incorporated into the foundation of the large old timber frame house that was formerly the mayor\'s house and town hall. Part of the castle moat is still visible today. Still remaining are enormous square foundation stones from the 13th century. A slight bend in the wall seems to point to a polygonal shape, similar to the old Castle of Kilchberg
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# Hirrlingen
**Hirrlingen** is a municipality in the district of Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Hirrlingen is located about 15 kilometers southwest from Tübingen.
## Geography
### Geographic location {#geographic_location}
Hirrlingen is located roughly nine kilometers south west of Rotteburg am Neckar and around nine kilometers north west of Hechingen at the border of the landscape conservation area Rammert above the Starzel. Parts of the environmental protection zones Kapfhalde and Espenloch-Hintere Halde are located within the municipality Hirrlingen.
### Size of the municipality {#size_of_the_municipality}
The total area of the municipality of Hirrlingen amounts to 1281hectare.
### Neighboring communities {#neighboring_communities}
The cities and municipalities listed below border the municipality Hirrlingen. They are listed in clockwise order beginning in the north. They belong to the district of Tübingen or the district Zollernalbkreis¹ respectively:
Rottenburg am Neckar, Bodelshausen, Hechingen¹, Rangendingen¹ and Starzach.
### Administrative structure {#administrative_structure}
The municipality includes the village Hirrlingen and the Houses Obere Mühle and Untere Mühle, which translates to Upper Mill and Lower Mill.
The municipality also includes several abandoned villages. Bossenhausen an abandoned village in the East of the municipality was first mentioned as *Bossenhusen* in 1289 and was likely already abandoned in 1289. In the first half of the 12th century, an Ortschaft called *Marpach* or *Marbach* was located in what is today the Flur *Harbach*.
### Protected areas {#protected_areas}
Starzach includes parts of the nature reserve of Espenloch-Hintere Halde as well as the landscape conservation areas Rauher Rammert and Katzenbachtal. Parts of the municipal area belong to the Special Areas of Conservation Rammert and Neckar and side valleys at Rottenburg.
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# Hirrlingen
## History
The first written mention of Hirrlingen was on a document from the All Saints Monastery in Schaffhausen written in the year 1091.
Around 1100, the Lords of Hirrlingen first appeared in historical sources. They lived and owned property or rights in and around Hirrlingen in the Duchy of Swabia. After the Lords of Hirrlingen went extinct, their property in Hirrlingen went to the Counts of Hohenberg in the 13th century who in turn enfeoffed the Lords of Ow. Through acquisitions made in the 15th and 16th century, the Ow established local lordship over Hirrlingen, which as a manor was part of the souvereignty of Further Austria. In 1557/1558, the Lords of Ow built the Hirrlingen castle, the St. Martin Church in 1606 and a St.-Sebastianus Brotherhood in the 18th century. In the 14th century, a women\'s monastery of the Dominican Order developed out of a community of religious women. The Bebenhausen Abbey also held some property in Hirrlingen for some time.
In 1709, the line of the Lords of Hirrlingen died out. Between 1749 and 1790, the Counts of Attems ruled over Hirrlingen. In 1789, the Dominican Monastrary was secularized.
In 1805, Hirrlingen went to the Electorate of Württemberg, which in 1806 turned into the Kingdom of Württemberg. When a was implemented in 1810, Hirrlingen was assigned to the so-called, an administrative unit.
In 1821, the castle was sold to the Municipality of Hirrlingen and was subsequently used as a town hall.
During the district reform in Württemberg in the Nazi era, the municipality became part of the district of Tübingen in 1938. In 1945, the village became part of the French occupation zone and thus came to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which merged with the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.
## Culture and Sights {#culture_and_sights}
### Buildings
- Baroque church, built in the 18th century
- Castle Hirrlingen, built in the 16th century
### Regular Events {#regular_events}
- Hammeltanz, tradition since 1578
- In Hirrlingen, the Swabian-Alemannic Fastnacht is being celebrated. The masked jester figure \"Butz\" can be traced back to the 18th century. The driving force of today\'s Fasnet is the Butzenzunft Hirrlingen, which was founded in 1962. The Butzenzunft is a member of the *Association of Swabian-Alemannic Fools\' Guild*. The original *Hirrlinger Schloßhexen* with their various groups have also been active for over 40 years
| 394 |
Hirrlingen
| 1 |
10,049,617 |
# Kirchentellinsfurt
**Kirchentellinsfurt** (Swabian: *Kircha*) is a municipality in the district of Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany, about 7 km east of the city of Tübingen and 7 km northwest of Reutlingen. Since 2015, Bernd Haug has been the mayor of Kirchentellinsfurt.
## Geography
Kirchentellinsfurt lies next to the river Neckar on the edge of the Schönbuch. Near the village, the Echaz river flows into the Neckar. It borders on the towns Altenburg, Reutlingen, Pliezhausen, Wannweil, Kusterdingen und Tübingen.
## History
The two settlements Kirchen and Tälisfurt grew together to form Kirchentellinsfurt. Kirchen was first mentioned 1007 in a treaty when it was given to the Archdiocese of Bamberg as a gift. The fusion of the two villages 1275, was the first time Tellinsfurt was mentioned in documents. The village became Protestant when the first Protestant pastor was appointed in 1594.
In the second half of the 18th century, Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg constructed Einsiedel Palace north of Kirchentellinsfurt, but nothing remains anymore today.
Many of the older residents of Ann Arbor, Michigan, emigrated from this section of Germany.
## Demographics
**Population development:**
+------------------------+
| Year Inhabitants |
| ------ ------------- |
| 1990 5,056 |
| 2001 5,335 |
| 2011 5,510 |
| 2021 5,653 |
+------------------------+
## Politics
**Town council**
The town council consists of 14 elected members and its chairman, the mayor. He can vote in the council.
**2019 Election**
-------------------------------------------- --------- -------- -----------------------
Freie Wählervereinigung Kirchentellinsfurt 4 seats 28,6 % 2014: 4 seats, 28,8 %
Grün-Alternative Liste (GAL) 4 seats 28,0 % 2014: 3 seats, 20,2 %
SPD 3 seats 18,3 % 2014: 2 seats, 15,3 %
CDU 2 seats 17,4 % 2014: 3 Seats, 22,1 %
Kompetenz für Kirchentellinsfurt (KFK) 1 seat 7,7 % 2014: 0 seats, 0%
RAT, die aktive Bürgerliste 0 seats 0% 2014: 2 seats, 13,6 %
-------------------------------------------- --------- -------- -----------------------
**2024 Election**
-------------------------------------------- --------- -------- -----------------------
CDU 4 seats 30.2 % 2019: 2 Seats, 17,4 %
Grün-Alternative Liste (GAL) 4 seats 27,4 % 2019: 4 seats, 28,0 %
Freie Wählervereinigung Kirchentellinsfurt 4 seats 24,4 % 2019: 4 seats, 28,6 %
SPD 2 seats 17,4 % 2019: 3 seats, 18,3 %
-------------------------------------------- --------- -------- -----------------------
**Mayor** The mayor is elected for 8 years.
- 1949-1979 Richard Wolf
- 1979-2014 Bernhard Knaus
- since 1. January 2015: Bernd Haug
## Sights
- lake: flooded gravel for leisure activities such as swimming, surfing or sailings
| 403 |
Kirchentellinsfurt
| 0 |
10,049,621 |
# Neustetten
**Neustetten** is a municipality in the district of Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It consists of the three parts Remmingsheim, Nellingsheim and Wolfenhausen.
## Demographics
**Population development:**
+------------------------+
| Year Inhabitants |
| ------ ------------- |
| 1990 2.599 |
| 2001 3.340 |
| 2011 3.393 |
| 2021 3
| 53 |
Neustetten
| 0 |
10,049,623 |
# Bill Kennedy (baseball, born 1921)
**William Aulton Kennedy** (March 14, 1921 -- April 9, 1983), nicknamed \"**Lefty**\", was a pitcher for the Cleveland Indians, St. Louis Browns, Chicago White Sox, Boston Red Sox and Cincinnati Redlegs of Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1948 and 1957.
## Biography
Kennedy was born in Carnesville, Georgia. Signed before the 1939 season as an amateur free agent by the New York Yankees, Kennedy pitched three seasons in the low minors without much distinction before missing the 1943--45 seasons while serving in the U.S. Army during World War II.
Returning to baseball in 1946, Kennedy put together one of the greatest pitching seasons in minor league history for the Rocky Mount Rocks in the Class-D Coastal Plain League. The 25-year-old went 28--3 with a 1.03 ERA over 41 games, striking out a staggering 456 batters in 280.0 innings---the second-highest single-season strikeout total in professional baseball history.
Following the season he was sent to the Boston Red Sox and he spent 1947 with Boston\'s affiliate at Class-A Scranton. Though he struck out just 113 batters, he followed up his historic campaign with a 15-2 campaign record and a 2.62 ERA. After being left unprotected that winter, the Cleveland Indians selected him in the Rule 5 Draft, which led him breaking camp with the Cleveland Indians to open the 1948 season, making his MLB debut on April 26 at the age of 27. However, after just six ineffective outings he was traded to the St. Louis Browns for pitcher Sam Zoldak, missing out an opportunity to play in the World Series, which the Indians won.
After pitching most of 1948 and all of 1949 in St. Louis, he spent nearly all of 1950 and part of 1951 in the minors. In March 1952, Kennedy was purchased by the Chicago White Sox, ending his four-year tenure with the Browns at a 12--24 record with a 4.84 ERA. Pitching on a winning team, he went on to record the best season of his career working almost exclusively in relief for the first time in his career. Kennedy notched a career-best 2.80 ERA over 70.2 innings, notching five saves and leading the American League in games pitched with 47.
Despite his success in Chicago, that winter he was packaged with pitcher Marv Grissom in a trade to the Boston Red Sox for shortstop Vern Stephens. Alas, the trade failed to work out for either side; Stephens and Grissom were both dealt again by mid-season, and Kennedy was demoted to the minors, where he stayed for the remainder of the 1953 season and all of 1954 and \'55.
In 1955 Kennedy moved to the Pacific Coast League, pitching for the Seattle Rainiers. Successful seasons in 1956 and \'57 led to call-ups from the Cincinnati Reds, but he was ineffective, appearing in a combined nine MLB games over those two seasons and posting a 7.98 ERA. He made his last MLB appearance on September 29, 1957, at the age of 36.
He pitched three more seasons in the PCL before retiring following the 1960 season at the age of 39. In eight major league seasons, he had a 15--28 win--loss record, 172 games pitched (45 starts), 11 saves, 256 strikeouts and a 4.73 earned run average (ERA). He won an additional 149 games in 15 seasons in the minors.
Kennedy died in Seattle of lung cancer at the age of 62
| 570 |
Bill Kennedy (baseball, born 1921)
| 0 |
10,049,625 |
# Ofterdingen
**Ofterdingen** is a municipality in the district of Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 15 |
Ofterdingen
| 0 |
10,049,641 |
# Josh Penry
**Josh Penry** (born February 1, 1976) is the former minority leader of the Colorado Senate. Elected in 2006, Penry was the youngest member of the Colorado state Senate. According to *The Denver Post*, Penry played a leadership role in opposing regulation for the oil and gas industry and a labor bill. Penry was identified by several newspapers as a \"rising star\" in Colorado politics during the 2000s. Prior to serving in the state Senate, Penry served in the state House of Representatives for one term.
Penry was born in Colorado and a long-time resident of Western Colorado. Penry graduated from Grand Junction High School and Mesa State College, where he quarterbacked the Mesa State Mavericks football team and served as student body President. In 1998, Penry was named the National Scholar Athlete of the Year by the American Football Coaches Association and the Burger King Corporation, an award given to Peyton Manning the previous year. Penry graduated summa cum laude from Mesa State in 1998.
## Work as an aide {#work_as_an_aide}
Penry moved to Washington, D.C. to work for Congressman Scott McInnis. First as an aide and then as Press Secretary, Penry helped McInnis formulate and negotiate natural resources legislation. Penry was appointed staff director of the House Resources Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health, where he played a lead role in negotiation the Healthy Forests Restoration Act with the White House and Republicans and Democrats on Capitol Hill.
## State House {#state_house}
After returning to Grand Junction, Penry was elected to the state House in 2004. In his first term, Penry sponsored and won passage for the \"Colorado Water for the 21st Century Act\", legislation designed to minimize water-resource fights. Penry\'s bill, signed into law in June 2005, created roundtables for each river basin to assess and address regional water needs.
In 2008, Penry was part of a bi-partisan effort involving Gov. Bill Ritter, Rep. Frank McNulty, and the Colorado Public Employees Retirement Association (PERA) Board to divest public pension funds from companies with ties to Iran. Penry also sponsored legislation to strengthen Colorado\'s education standards to better equip students to compete in a highly competitive global economic environment, and he initiated and negotiated a bi-partisan bill to invest growing federal mineral lease revenues into Colorado\'s colleges and universities. Penry was a principal supporter of 2008\'s Amendment 52, which would have directed mineral severance tax revenue away from water conservation projects to road building, but which failed at the polls.
Penry has been at the center of numerous policy debates, including road and bridge funding initiatives, efforts to pass Jessica\'s Law and other penalties against sexual predators, the debate about natural gas drilling in Colorado, and a range of tax, fiscal and budget issues. While working closely on education issues with Colorado\'s Democratic Governor Bill Ritter, Penry has been a frequent critic of the Ritter Administration\'s tax, budget, jobs and union policies.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Penry is married to Kristin Strohm, a principal at the Starboard Group, a political firm in Colorado. Penry is the father of four children: Chase, Emme, Sophie, and Caroline
| 519 |
Josh Penry
| 0 |
10,049,649 |
# Balgheim
**Balgheim** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## Geography
Balgheim lies in a basin on the edge of the Baar at the foot of the Swabian Jura and the Dreifaltigkeitsberg (Holy Trinity Mountain). The European Watershed, the divide between the Rhine and Danube watersheds, occurs in the town\'s territory. The source of the Prim, which joins the Neckar (a tributary of the Rhine) in Rottweil, is located only a kilometer away from the source of the Faulenbach, an eventual tributary of the Danube, in neighboring Dürbheim.
Balgheim is bordered by Böttingen to the north, Dürbheim to the southeast, Rietheim-Weilheim to the south, and the city Spaichingen to the west.
## History
Tombs dating from the Merovingian dynasty indicate that Balgheim was founded in the 6th or 7th century. It was first mentioned in writing in 1113. In 1420 it was sold to the Free Imperial City Rottweil, where it remained until 1689, after which its rule changed often until it became part of Württemberg in 1806.
## Politics
Balgheim belongs to the Amt Spaichingen.
## Transportation
The Bundesstraße 14 (federal highway) between Rottweil and Tuttlingen passes by the east edge of Balgheim. The Plochingen--Immendingen railway passes over the European Watershed here. On workdays the Ringzug (train) provides hourly connections to Rottweil, Tuttlingen and Geisingen-Leiferdingen
| 222 |
Balgheim
| 0 |
10,049,655 |
# List of Jurchen chieftains
The Jurchens were a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria (present-day Northeast China) until the 17th century, when they adopted the name *Manchu*.
## List of Jurchen chieftains during the Liao dynasty (926--1115) {#list_of_jurchen_chieftains_during_the_liao_dynasty_9261115}
### \"Tamed\" Jurchens or Shu Jurchen (熟女眞) {#tamed_jurchens_or_shu_jurchen_熟女眞}
### \"Wild\" Jurchens or Sheng Jurchen (生女眞) {#wild_jurchens_or_sheng_jurchen_生女眞}
- Wanyan Hanpu 完顏函普 (金始祖) (941--960)
- Wanyan Wulu 完顏烏魯 (金德帝) (960--962)
- Wanyan Bahai 完顏跋海 (金安帝) (962--983).
- Wanyan Suike 完顏綏可 (金獻祖) (983--1005): In 1003, under his leadership the Wanyan tribe united five tribes in a federation called the \"Five Nations\" (wuguobu 五國部: Punuli (蒲努里/蒲奴里/蒲聶), Tieli 鐵驪, Yuelidu (越裡篤國), Aolimi (奧里米國), and Puali 剖阿里國).
- Wanyan Shilu 完顏石魯 (金昭祖) (1005--1021)
- Wanyan Wugunai 完顏烏古迺 (金景祖) (1021--1074): Meanwhile, King Hyung ordered to continue and finish the work of building a wall (Cheolli Jangseong) from Song-ryung Pass (in the mouth of the Yalu River ner Uiju in the west to the borders of the Jurchen tribe in the north-east around Hamheung)
- Wanyan Helibo (完颜劾里钵) **Shizu** (金世祖) (1074--1092)
- Wanyan Pochishu 完顏頗剌淑 (金肅宗) (1092--1094)
- Wanyan Yingge (完颜盈歌) **Muzong** (金穆宗) (1094--1103)
- Wanyan Wuyashu (完顏烏雅束/完颜乌雅束) **Kangzong** (金康宗) b. 1061 (1103--1113)
- Wanyan Aguda (完颜阿骨打) **Taizu** (金太祖) b. 1068 (1113--1123)
## The Jin dynasty (1115--1234) {#the_jin_dynasty_11151234}
## List of Jurchen chieftains during the Yuan dynasty (1234--1368) {#list_of_jurchen_chieftains_during_the_yuan_dynasty_12341368}
## List of Jurchen chieftains during the Ming dynasty (1368--1644) {#list_of_jurchen_chieftains_during_the_ming_dynasty_13681644}
### List of Jianzhou Jurchens chieftains {#list_of_jianzhou_jurchens_chieftains}
Located on the banks of Hun River(渾江)
#### Odoli Clan (1405--1616) (俄朵里 or 斡都里 or 斡朵里 or 吾都里 or 斡朵怜) {#odoli_clan_14051616_俄朵里_or_斡都里_or_斡朵里_or_吾都里_or_斡朵怜}
- Bukūri Yongšon (布库里雍顺)
- Mengtemu (孟特穆) or Möngke Temür (童孟哥帖木兒) (1405--1433) (Temple name: Zhàozǔ 肇祖)
- Cungšan (充善) b. 1419 (1433--1467) (Temple name: Chúndì 纯帝)
- Fanca († 1458)
- Tolo (妥罗) (1467--1481) (Temple name: Xīngdì 兴帝)
- Sibeoci Fiyanggū (锡宝齐篇古) (1481--1522) (Temple name: Zhèngdì 正帝)
- Fuman (福满) (1522--1542) (Temple name: Xingzu 兴祖)
#### Huligai Clan (胡里改) (1403--? ) {#huligai_clan_胡里改_1403}
- Ahacu (阿哈出) (Li Sicheng) (李思誠) († 1409--1410)
- Šigiyanu 釋加奴 (Li-Hsien-chung/Li Xianzhong) (李顯忠)
- Li-Man-chu (Li Manzhu (李滿住) (b. 1407 -- † 1467)
#### The Maolian (毛憐) Jurchens (1405--?) {#the_maolian_毛憐_jurchens_1405}
**Synonyms**: Wu-liang-ha, Orankha, Oranke (兀良哈/乙良哈) according to Korean records, Orangai (瓦爾哈;オランカイ) according to Japanese records.\
**Location**: They settled south of the Suifen River (绥芬河 or 速平江), on the north-west of Hui-ning under the leadership of one of Ahacu (阿哈出)\'s sons.
#### Udige Clan (兀狄哈) {#udige_clan_兀狄哈}
- They invaded Joseon territory in 1402, in 1410, in 1436 (see 곽승우(郭承祐) and 조연(趙涓)), in 1460 with the Oranke (see also 신숙주(申叔舟))
- They were beaten by the Korean General Heo Jong 허종(許琮) (1434--1494) in 1491, under Seongjong of Joseon\'s reign (see also 조산보(造山堡) and 나사종(羅嗣宗))
#### Suksuhu River / Suksuhu bira (蘇克素護 or 苏克苏护 毕拉) Clan: Aisin Gioro {#suksuhu_river_suksuhu_bira_蘇克素護_or_苏克苏护_毕拉_clan_aisin_gioro}
- Wang Gao (王杲) († 1575)
- Atai (阿台) (1575--1583) & 阿海 & 阿弟
- Nikan Wailan (尼堪外兰) († 1586)
- Giocangga (觉昌安) (1542--1571) (Temple name: Jǐngzǔ 景祖)
- Taksi (塔克世) (1571--1583) (Temple name: Xiǎnzǔ 显祖)
- Nurhaci (努尔哈赤) (Temple name: 太祖)
#### Hunehe Bira (唿呐呵 毕拉 or 渾河 部) {#hunehe_bira_唿呐呵_毕拉_or_渾河_部}
#### Wanggiya (汪佳) {#wanggiya_汪佳}
#### Donggo (董鄂) {#donggo_董鄂}
#### Jecen aiman (哲陳 部) {#jecen_aiman_哲陳_部}
#### Neyen (訥殷) {#neyen_訥殷}
#### Jušeri (珠舍哩 or 图色哩) {#jušeri_珠舍哩_or_图色哩}
### List of Haixi Jurchens chieftains {#list_of_haixi_jurchens_chieftains}
Located near the banks of Songhua River
#### Hulun confederation (扈伦) {#hulun_confederation_扈伦}
- Kesina 克什纳
#### Yehe or Yehe Nara (葉赫 / 叶赫) Clan {#yehe_or_yehe_nara_葉赫_叶赫_clan}
Location: banks of Yehe River south of Changchun
- Singgen Darhan 星垦达尔汉/星根達爾漢
- Sirke Minggatu 席尔克明噶图/席爾克明噶圖
- Cirgani 齐尔噶尼/齊爾噶尼
- Cukungge 祝孔格/褚孔格
- Taicu 太杵
- Yangginu (楊吉砮) & Cinggiyanu (淸佳砮) († 1584)
- Narimbulu (纳林布录) (1584--1613) 庚寅
- Jintaiji (金台石) (1613--1619) (己巳)
#### Hata/Hada Clan (哈達 / 哈达) (1543--1601) {#hatahada_clan_哈達_哈达_15431601}
Location: south of the Yehe Clan (east of Kaiyuan), the southernmost among the Haixi Jurchens
| 633 |
List of Jurchen chieftains
| 0 |
10,049,659 |
# Böttingen
**Böttingen** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. In recent decades it has developed from an agricultural village to an advanced industrial community.
## Geography
Böttingen sits on a plateau in the southwestern Swabian Jura in a long dry valley. At an elevation of 911 to 991 meters it was the highest village in the historical Kingdom of Württemberg.
The municipality borders Gosheim to the north, Bubsheim to the northeast, Königsheim to the east, Mahlstetten and Dürbheim to the south, and Balgheim and Denkingen to the West.
The municipality Böttingen consists of the village Böttingen and the Gehöft Allenspacher manor, as well as the abandoned villages Leineburg and Windingen.
## History
The first written mention of Böttingen was in 802 and contained a land title grant by the Abbey of Saint Gall. Celtic and Alemanni grave finds as well as flint axes in a cave indicate an earlier Stone Age settlement. After 1253 the territory paid tribute and received protection from the Beuron Archabbey, after a change of ownership the Bishopric of Constance, and then the Herren von Enzberg, until it became part of Württemberg in 1805. It was part of the Oberamt Spaichingen within the Kingdom of Württemberg. The village had to pay interest and tithe as well as socage until 1848.
The Überbündische meeting (in short \"ÜT\") took place 1977 and 2017 in Allenspach courtyard of the evangelical church youth, Jungenschaft Horte. A total of 3.400 people took part in at least 45 different societies and institutions of scouts and youth movement.
## Sights
- The Alter Berg mountain landmark (980 meters above sea level) with a chapel on the summit has a view over the preserved natural landscape of the southwest Swabian Alb. In ideal weather conditions the panorama view includes the Alps. A metal sheet in front of the chapel displays the names of many of the surrounding summits.
- 60 km-long cross-country skiing trail network on the plateau
- Posted hiking trails in multiple directions, in parts within the Donauberglandweg hiking trail network, leading e.g. into the picturesque Danube river valley
| 353 |
Böttingen
| 0 |
10,049,660 |
# Bubsheim
**Bubsheim** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## Mayor
In January 2012 Thomas Leibinger was elected the new mayor
| 27 |
Bubsheim
| 0 |
10,049,663 |
# Deilingen
**Deilingen** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 15 |
Deilingen
| 0 |
10,049,668 |
# Denkingen
**Denkingen** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 15 |
Denkingen
| 0 |
10,049,673 |
# Dürbheim
**Dürbheim** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 15 |
Dürbheim
| 0 |
10,049,677 |
# Durchhausen
**Durchhausen** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The design and development center of Allegion Security Technologies with its brand Interflex is in Durchhausen
| 31 |
Durchhausen
| 0 |
10,049,682 |
# Cybernet
***Cybernet*** (also known as **Interactive**) was a weekly video gaming magazine programme, originally broadcast overnight on the ITV network in the United Kingdom. The programme was commissioned by *Yorkshire Television* and produced by *Capricorn Programmes* (who also produced the similar *Movies, Games and Videos*) and also aired on GBC TV in Gibraltar and Channel M in Manchester in its early years. It was also broadcast on various television stations all around the world.
The programme featured reviews, previews, tips and reports on video gaming and computer technology. It began airing on the former children\'s satellite and cable network TCC (who also aired various television series based on video games and television series related to video games such as the *Earthworm Jim*, *Super Mario Bros.* and *Sonic the Hedgehog* cartoons) in 1995, before airing on ITV on terrestrial television.
## Broadcasting
Besides ITV and TCC (in the United Kingdom), *Cybernet* was broadcast all over the world, including:
- 4 Channel+ТНТ (07.09.1996-15.02
| 162 |
Cybernet
| 0 |
10,049,683 |
# Egesheim
**Egesheim** is a town in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## Geography
Egesheim lies on the Heuberg Plateau in the southwest of the Swabian Jura at an altitude of between 700 m and 930 m above sea level. The southern branch of the Bära river flows through the town. Approximately two-thirds of the area is forest.
## History
The Heidentor is a celtic place of worship. The town is one of the oldest communities in the region, In 770 it is mentioned in a deed of donation of the Abbey of Saint Gall. Various religious and secular lordships have claimed ownership. In 1381 the village became a domain of Further Austria, and remained so until 1805, when it became part of Württemberg.
## Demographics
As of 2011, Egesheim is estimated to have a population of around 643.
It has an area of 7.66 km2, with a population density of around 84 people per square kilometre
| 160 |
Egesheim
| 0 |
10,049,685 |
# Emmingen-Liptingen
**Emmingen-Liptingen** is a town in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## History
Emmingen was first mentioned in 820, Liptingen in 761. The municipalities were combined in 1975.
## Mayor
Since 1992: Joachim Löffler
| 38 |
Emmingen-Liptingen
| 0 |
10,049,698 |
# Vincenzo Camporini
**Vincenzo Camporini**, KGC (born 21 June 1946), is an Italian general and politician. He was the Chief of the Defence General Staff in Italy from 12 February 2008 until 2011. He became chief of staff of the Italian Air Force on 20 September 2006. Camporini has over 2,500 hours\' flying time in over twenty different aircraft types, including helicopters. General Camporini is qualified in Aeronautical Sciences and International and Diplomatic Sciences. He is a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society.
## Military career {#military_career}
He was in the Accademia Aeronautica in 1965, where he later graduated in 1969. During his time as a lieutenant colonel he served as an F-104 RECCE pilot with the 3rd Wing in Villafranca di Verona, during which he commanded the 28th Squadron right after his graduation at the NATO Defence College in 1977 with the rank of lieutenant colonel. After graduating at the ITAF Air War College in 1982, he served as staff officer at the Personnel Division of the Air Staff.
Between 1983 and 1985 he was the aide-de-camp to the chief of staff. With the rank of colonel, which he earned in 1985, he served in the Weapon Systems Research and Development Office. In 1988 Camporini commanded the Air Force Flight Test Centre and represented Italy to the Aerospace Application Study Committee of AGARD. In the Air Force General Staff he served as the chief of the New Weapon Systems Technical Development, including EFA, and was the Italian Representative in the NAEW program. During his time at the rank of brigadier general, starting from 1993, he directed the Plans, Operations and Training Division and in April 1996 he was given the title of Inspector of the Aviation for the Navy. As a major general, he has been appointed as inspector for flight safety and chief of the 3rd Division of the Defence General Staff Military Policy, International Affairs, Armament Control and Civil Defence. On 20 April 2001, with the rank of lieutenant general, took up the position of deputy chief of Defence General Staff until 29 February 2004, when he was designated as president of the Italian Centre for High Defence Studies.
| 362 |
Vincenzo Camporini
| 0 |
10,049,698 |
# Vincenzo Camporini
## Chief of staff {#chief_of_staff}
Camporini began holding office as a general in the chief of staff of the Italian Air Force on 20 September 2006. He is now a command pilot with experience in over twenty different aircraft including F-104, Tornado, AMX, heavy transport aircraft and helicopters. As of December 2003 he had flown around 2500 hours. On 12 February 2008, General Camporini was appointed to chief of Defence General Staff. After retirement in January 2011, he has been elected vice president of the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), the most prominent Italian think tank for foreign policy and strategy.
### DNMG conference {#dnmg_conference}
#### Air Force objective {#air_force_objective}
In a Defense News Media Group conference, \"Camporini: Create Interoperability Through Modeling and Simulation\" Camporini said that the objective for the Air Force is to develop an infrastructure that could support decision-makers in the procurement phase and operational sites in the employment of new systems and technologies to be used for training purposes and for operational reasons.
#### Modeling and simulation {#modeling_and_simulation}
Camporini wishes to acquire modeling and simulation gear in four areas: air and ballistic missile defense; operational planning, tasking and evaluation; operational training and mission practice in distributed environments; and coalition operations and crisis response. Camporini\'s opinion of the modeling and simulation department\'s vision is that the key concept in the Air Force modeling and simulation is a joint synthetic battle space connecting analysis and training, as well as tying together many types of models and simulations with different kinds of operators. Camporini says that he believes the simulations extend from high-level aggregate models to detailed engineering models, from pilots in live aircraft and simulators to hardware components and laboratory test beds.
### OSCE seminar {#osce_seminar}
#### Ministry of defence {#ministry_of_defence}
Camporini believes that in the future the ministry of defence needs to rewrite their military doctrines, taking into account the redistribution of responsibility imposed by the new technology and conversely they have to take the greatest care in nurturing the maturity and the cultural level of the troops, throughout the education that is provided. he has stated that he wonders whether the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is not in the position to take any initiative in the field of education of military personnel, or to make everybody aware of the specifics related to the operations peculiar to its mission.
#### Jobs and challenges {#jobs_and_challenges}
Camporini states that he is fully convinced that the greatest challenge is not technology in itself, is not security and integrity of data, is not the decluttering of information, but the quantum leap in culture required at all echelons. Generals must learn to do and stick to their job of strategists and planners, leaving tactics where they belong; platoon commanders must learn to take their own growing share of responsibility to conduct actions that concur with the intent indicated by generals, without minute by minute directions.
## Honours and awards {#honours_and_awards}
His awards and decorations include Gold Medal for Flying Merit, Command Gold Medal, Gold Cross for Military Service, Italian Defence General Staff Medal of Honour, Commandeur of the Order of Merit of the French Republic, Santos Dumont Medal to the Merit of the Republic of Brazil, and the Paul Tissandier Diploma awarded by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. He received the Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Camporini earned University degrees in Aeronautical Sciences and International and Diplomatic Sciences. He is a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society. He is member of the Italy--USA Foundation. He was married to the late Silvana Alemanno, with whom he has a daughter and two grandchildren. He is now married with Paola Tarantini
| 624 |
Vincenzo Camporini
| 1 |
10,049,700 |
# Caucasotachea vindobonensis
***Caucasotachea vindobonensis*** is a large species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod in the family Helicidae.
The scientific name is derived from the Celtic settlement Vindobona, now known as Vienna, the capital of Austria. This species was formerly assigned to the genus *Cepaea*. However, DNA sequences revealed that this species is not closely related to *Cepaea*, but belongs instead to the genus *Caucasotachea*.
## Description
The right-hand coiled, globular shell of *C. vindobonensis* is 17--21 mm high and 20--25 mm broad with 5.5--6 whorls. In adults, the umbilicus is completely covered. The lip is brown at its inner end becoming pale towards the suture; this distinguishes it from the conchological similar *Cepaea hortensis* (usually pure white lip) and *Cepaea nemoralis* (usually a dark brown lip), with which *C. vindobonensis* often co-occurs. Another difference is that the shell *C. vindobonensis* has fine growth ridges whereas those of *Cepaea* are smooth. The shell is whitish or yellowish, with typically 5 brown stripes, of which the upper two are usually weak. The lowermost stripe is nearer to the columella than in *Cepaea*. There is a slight variation of shell colour within this species (see below). The animal itself is yellowish with grey tentacles. `{{Gallery
| title=Examples of variation in shell colour of ''C. vindobonensis''
|mode=nolines|noborder=yes
|height=180|width=300
|File:Cepaea_vindobonensis_01.JPG
|
|File:Cepaea_vindobonensis_02.JPG
|
|File:Cepaea_vindobonensis_03.JPG
|
}}`{=mediawiki}
## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat}
The native distribution of this species is Pontic, Pannonian and Balkanian. It occurs in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic (near threatened (NT)), Germany (reintroduced), Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Russia (Rostov Oblast, Stavropol Krai, Krasnodar Krai; Moscow Region as an introduction) Serbia, Slovenia, and Ukraine.
Introduced populations in the United States (New York State) have been known since 2015 and in Canada (Quebec) since 2020.
The original habitat of *C. vindobonensis* was most probably open forests in the Balkans, from where it spread over large parts of Central and Eastern Europe after the last glaciation. Nevertheless, it also dwells in several grassland habitats like meadows, steppe and ruderal areas, especially in the north of its distribution area. The highest vertical occurrence is about 1600 m asl in Southern Bulgaria.
## Life cycle {#life_cycle}
All the following information originates from a Greek study. Because Greece is in the southernmost part of the distribution area, the phenology for this species might be quite different in the more northerly countries where it is found. *Caucasotachea vindobonensis* becomes mature after its second year and can reach a maximum life span of about 7 years. The reproductive period lasts from April to June, with a maximum in May. Each year, adults lay about 50 eggs, about 3 mm in diameter, and the juveniles hatch out after 18 days. During hot summer days, these snails rest attached to leaves or the stems of tall plants. Hibernation commences at the end of October to the beginning of November, and the snails come out of hibernation in March
| 499 |
Caucasotachea vindobonensis
| 0 |
10,049,701 |
# Frittlingen
**Frittlingen** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 15 |
Frittlingen
| 0 |
10,049,705 |
# Gosheim
**Gosheim** is a town in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## Geography
Gosheim lies at the foot of the Lemberg, the highest mountain of Swabian Alps. This mountain, at 1015 m, is the highest peak of the range. It is part of the Heuberg plateau. The town boundary lies on the escarpment.
## Neighboring communities {#neighboring_communities}
The town is bordered on the north by Deilingen, on the east by Wehingen, on the southeast by Bubsheim and Böttingen, on the south by Denkingen, and on the west by Frittlingen and Wellendingen in the Rottweil district.
### Community structure {#community_structure}
The town includes the village of Gosheim and the farmstead of Aumühle.
## History
Traces of settlement from the Hallstatt period have been found. Gosheim first appears in 1295 as *Gossheim* in a charter of Count Albrecht II of Hohenberg. The village was a dependency (*Vogtei*) of the castle of Wehingen and from 1351 part of Austria. In 1805 the village was transferred to Württemberg. From 1806 to 1938 Gosheim belonged to the *oberamt* of Spaichingen, and since 1938 to the Tuttlingen district.
During the Second World War British aircraft dropped heavy bombs within Gosheim\'s borders on 22 February 1945 at 1400 hours. The bombs fell on *Wiesental*, *Jamit*, *Täli* and on the *Sturmbühl*. The bombs were intended to destroy the Heuberg Railroad, the former railway line. None hit their intended target, but the harvest was destroyed for several years. The bomb craters were 5 - deep and have a diameter of 10 -. Each bomb ejected and scattered 150 - of rock. Even today there are still traces visible. It is believed that three unexploded bombs still remain buried in Wiesental.
After the Second World War numerous ethnic German refugees from Yugoslavia settled to the benefit of what was then small industry, which soon expanded rapidly. From around 1970, the increasing demand for labor was met by newly arrived foreign residents, in the beginning mainly from Italy.
Towards the end of the twentieth century most industrial enterprises moved from the center to the outskirts of Gosheim. The necessary land was opened up between the former railway line and the Egartensiedlung and on the Sturmbühl.
## Culture and points of interest {#culture_and_points_of_interest}
Gosheim is affiliated with the tourist association \"Donaubergland\".
### Buildings
A 50 m meter-high radar facility of the German Air Traffic Control (*Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH*) is located at an altitude of 1000 m above sea level in the forest district of Nack. The system was built in 1973-74, and in 1975 was placed in operation by the *Bundesanstalt für Flugsicherung*. The original red and white ring of 19 × parabolic antennas was slightly higher than the observation deck of the Lemberg. Since 1 January 1994, the facility has been owned by Deutsche Flugsicherung. In September 1998, it was replaced by a newer and smaller installation. This system monitors airspace in a radius of 270 km. The radar data are automatically transferred to the air traffic controllers in Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Zurich, Frankfurt, Munich, and Friedrichshafen.
### Recreation and sports {#recreation_and_sports}
Gosheim has a well-developed network of walking and hiking trails, cross-country ski trails, and a ski slope in winter. The largest recreational facility is the *Jurabad*, an indoor swimming pool with adjoining sauna and gym. A three court indoor tennis facility of the Heuberg Tennis Club was built in 1988. The Gosheim sports club currently plays in the district league (2013-2014). There are also, among other things, a music club and a choral society.
Gosheim is also home to a biathlon center. The 2 km biathlon track circles the radar tower at an average altitude of about 1000 m. The Gosheim Ski Club (SC Gosheim) has produced many talents, such as Simone Hauswald and Kathrin Lang.
## Economy and infrastructure {#economy_and_infrastructure}
Gosheim is characterized by numerous small and medium-sized industrial enterprises (mainly metal processing industry, machined parts, and watches) with some 2,500 employees. With a population of approximately 3800, this means that many workers commute daily to Gosheim. The publicly traded company Hermle AG is based in Gosheim
| 682 |
Gosheim
| 0 |
10,049,707 |
# Gunningen
**Gunningen** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 15 |
Gunningen
| 0 |
10,049,720 |
# Immendingen
**Immendingen** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany located on the Upper Danube. It is famous for the Danube Sinkhole.
## Geography
Immendingen is located on the Upper Danube. On the municipal area are parts of the Danube Sinkhole.
With the mountain Höwenegg in Immendingen begins the extinct volcanic landscape of Hegau. Archaeological excavations at the Höwenegg recover saber-toothed tigers, antelopes and one of the few well preserved ancestral horses.
The municipality borders Talheim to the north, Tuttlingen to the east, Emmingen-Liptingen to the southeast, Engen to the south, and Geisingen and Bad Durrheim to the west.
The whole municipality with the previously independent municipalities Hattingen, Hintschingen, Ippingen, Mauenheim and Zimmern include 22 villages, hamlets, farms and houses.
**Coat of arms of several incorporated municipalities**
+-----------+--------------+----------+-----------+---------+
| \ | \ | \ | \ | \ |
| Hattingen | Hintschingen | Ippingen | Mauenheim | Zimmern |
+-----------+--------------+----------+-----------+---------+
## History
Immendingen was built at the crossroads of ancient trade routes. As the name suggests, it was a settlement of the alemannic period. The name goes back to an Alemannic patriarch, who settled with his family in the valley of the Danube.
The first documentary evidence dates back to 1101.
In the Carolingian period, the village belonged to the Aitrach to Hegau and was assigned to the Baar in the 12th century. Originally owned by the Counts of Zollern the area eventually became part of the Zähringers. In 1250 it was taken over by the Count of Fürstenberg. Many centuries are dominated by local lords living in the community. Significant gender of the local lords were the lords of Schreckenstein (on the „Upper Castle") and the lords of Reischach (on the „Lower Castle").
In the course of municipal reform in Baden-Württemberg, the hitherto separate municipality Zimmern was incorporated on 1 January 1971. On 1 December 1971, the incorporation of Mauenheim was. Hattingen, Hintschingen and Ippingen were incorporated on December 1, 1974.
In December 1958 the barracks „Oberfeldwebel-Schreiber-Kaserne" was built. According to the current stationing concept of the Bundeswehr the barracks will be closed in the third quarter of 2016. The 3rd French hussar regiment of the Franco-German Brigade was based in barracks from 1996 to 2011.
## Culture and sights {#culture_and_sights}
The municipality is member of the tourism association „Donaubergland".
### Buildings
- The Upper Castle from the 12th century, now serves as the town hall.
- The Lower Castle from the 13th century served the former „Immendinger Gießerei und Maschinenfabrik GmbH" (foundry and machine factory) as a production facility
| 427 |
Immendingen
| 0 |
10,049,722 |
# Irndorf
**Irndorf** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 15 |
Irndorf
| 0 |
10,049,725 |
# Kolbingen
**Kolbingen** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is situated about 15 km northeast of Tuttlingen and 7 km from Mühlheim an der Donau.
## Demographics
**Population development:**
+------------------------+
| Year Inhabitants |
| ------ ------------- |
| 1990 1,113 |
| 2001 1,286 |
| 2011 1,253 |
| 2021 1,240 |
+------------------------+
## Farming
To help people to help themselves Württemberg planted alleys of fruit-trees (*Dienstbarkeit* on private ground near streets). The tree farms from William I of Württemberg, also the Brüdergemeinde delivered for free. The Kolbinger Goldbirne is a local tree
| 102 |
Kolbingen
| 0 |
10,049,728 |
# Königsheim
**Königsheim** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 15 |
Königsheim
| 0 |
10,049,732 |
# Mahlstetten
**Mahlstetten** is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 15 |
Mahlstetten
| 0 |
10,049,734 |
# Electoral district of Cumberland Boroughs
**Cumberland Boroughs** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1856 to 1859, consisting of the Cumberland County towns of Richmond, Windsor, Liverpool and Campbelltown, but not the surrounding rural areas, which were in Cumberland (South Riding) and Cumberland (North Riding). The district was abolished in 1859, with Richmond and Windsor forming the new electorate of Windsor, Campbelltown was included in Narellan and Liverpool became part of Central Cumberland
| 84 |
Electoral district of Cumberland Boroughs
| 0 |
10,049,737 |
# 1985 Five Nations Championship
The **1985 Five Nations Championship** was the fifty-sixth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the ninety-first series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 2 February and 20 April. The championship was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
The championship winner was Ireland, winning their tenth title (excluding eight other shared titles); it would prove to be their last in 24 years, until their Grand Slam in 2009. Ireland also claimed the Triple Crown, their sixth, which would be their last until 2004.
The tournament suffered three match postponements due to bad weather. The opening fixtures, Ireland v England and France v Wales, were postponed to late March and the Wales v England match was put back from February to April because of a frozen pitch in Cardiff. The rescheduled match was notable for the debut, at fly half for Wales, of Jonathan Davies
| 171 |
1985 Five Nations Championship
| 0 |
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