id
int64 1
18.4k
| date
stringdate 1947-01-01 00:00:00
2025-01-01 00:00:00
| bias_type
stringclasses 11
values | normative_framing
stringclasses 3
values | source
stringlengths 15
164
| policy
stringlengths 14
2.69k
| bias_type_merged
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7,101 | 2018 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Enhancing government capacities to prevent acts of genocide and other atrocity crimes | group_1 |
7,102 | 2021 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | This bill requires a designated officer or employee of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to facilitate the expedited review of hate crimes and reports of hate crimes. | group_1 |
7,103 | 2021 | criminal_justice | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | eliminates statutory qualification and approval requirements for law enforcement and uniformed service personnel appointed to serve as special police officers, including during periods of emergency | group_1 |
7,104 | 2022 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | This bill makes lynching a federal hate crime offense. | group_1 |
7,105 | 2022 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | This bill establishes various requirements to improve the collection of data related to cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime (cybercrime). | group_1 |
7,106 | 2022 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | the act makes it a federal crime to export, attempt to export, or otherwise transport from the United States Native American cultural items and archaeological resources without obtaining an export certification | group_1 |
7,107 | 2022 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | increases the maximum criminal penalties for violating the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act | group_1 |
7,108 | 2022 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | increases from 5 years to 10 years the maximum prison term for an individual convicted of a second or subsequent violation of selling, purchasing, using for profit, or transporting for sale or profit human remains or cultural items that were illegally obtained. | group_1 |
7,109 | 2022 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | to authorize rewards for providing information leading to the arrest, conviction, or transfer of a foreign national accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide | group_1 |
7,110 | 2022 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | prohibiting persons who have committed certain crimes from being interred or memorialized in the National Cemetery Administration or Arlington National Cemetery | group_1 |
7,111 | 1968 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Prosecute offenses of disorderly and obscene acts in the name of the District of Columbia. | group_1 |
7,112 | 2022 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | allows funds for diversion and alternative prosecution and sentencing programs to be used for training for state and local prosecutors related to diversion programs | group_1 |
7,113 | 2022 | criminal_justice | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | to examine and report on the prevalence of mentally ill offenders in prisons and jails. | group_1 |
7,114 | 1974 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | making continual progress toward establishing the rule of law and the right to due process, a fair trial, and equal protection under the law | group_1 |
7,115 | 2002 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | a defendant who is or becomes financially unable to obtain adequate representation or investigative, expert, or other reasonably necessary services shall be entitled to the appointment of 1 or more attorneys and the furnishing of such other services | group_1 |
7,116 | 1998 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | A decision of the court under this paragraph to grant or deny a request for photographic or electronic media coverage may be set aside on review only if it is found to be an abuse of discretion | group_1 |
7,117 | 2000 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | A determination by the Administrator under paragraph shall be set aside by a court if the court finds that the determination is arbitrary and capricious | group_1 |
7,118 | 1991 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | A failure to make a per-inmate expenditure at a level equal to or exceeding the poverty guideline level does not give rise to a presumption that the conditions of confinement of an institution are unconstitutional | group_1 |
7,119 | 2001 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | A person detained under this section shall be afforded adequate food, drinking water, shelter, clothing, and medical treatment | group_1 |
7,120 | 1999 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | a person has been pardoned or has had civil rights restored, by the jurisdiction in which the conviction or adjudication of an act of violent juvenile delinquency occurred shall not be considered a conviction or adjudication of an act of violent juvenile delinquency | group_1 |
7,121 | 2015 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "A program to pair youth with formerly incarcerated offenders that have demonstrated a commitment to rehabilitation, made positive contributions to the community, and expressed a willingness to serve as a mentor in such a capacity | group_1 |
7,122 | 1997 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | a sentence of a member of the Armed Forces to dishonorable discharge is disapproved, mitigated, changed, or set aside by an official authorized to do so | group_1 |
7,123 | 1993 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | analyzing complaints of excessive force by local law enforcement authorities made to federal enforcement authorities with a breakdown of the race of officers accused of excessive use of force | group_1 |
7,124 | 1993 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | analyzing complaints of excessive force by local law enforcement authorities made to federal enforcement authorities with a breakdown of whether federal law enforcement authorities investigated, prosecuted or obtained convictions in each case | group_1 |
7,125 | 1999 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Any State conviction or adjudication of an act of violent juvenile delinquency that has been expunged or set aside | group_1 |
7,126 | 1958 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with the law | group_1 |
7,127 | 1977 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | assist State and local law enforcement agencies in developing and implementing internal training programs to combat racial profiling and foster enhanced community relations | group_1 |
7,128 | 1977 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | assist State and local law enforcement agencies in developing and maintaining adequate policies and procedures to prevent racial profiling | group_1 |
7,129 | 1977 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | At any time during the implementation or revision of an agency's racial profiling plan, the Attorney General may, if the Attorney General determines that the agency or the plan has not met the requirements of this section | group_1 |
7,130 | 2004 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | called for a reexamination of the issue of mandatory minimum sentencing | group_1 |
7,131 | 2006 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | denying Federal funding to any law enforcement agency that fails to establish a minimum of professional training and procedures of engagement; that tolerates abuses or fatal use of excessive force | group_1 |
7,132 | 2008 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | determine the extent to which the communities' perception of bias has affected confidence in the Federal criminal justice system | group_1 |
7,133 | 2009 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | effective diversion and reentry programs are integrated into a new overall criminal reinvestment strategy | group_1 |
7,134 | 1977 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | encourage involvement by State and local law enforcement agencies with the community to address the problem of racial profiling | group_1 |
7,135 | 1977 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | encourage State and local law enforcement agencies to cease existing practices that may promote racial profiling | group_1 |
7,136 | 1997 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | existing bias and discrimination in the criminal justice system often deprive victims of bias-motivated crimes of violence of equal protection of the laws and the redress to which they are entitled | group_1 |
7,137 | 2009 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | expressed concerns about the increasing number of arrests not in conformity with the law and the illegal use of excessive force in responding to protests | group_1 |
7,138 | 2007 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | found that the SPDC commits other serious violations of human rights, including extrajudicial killings, custodial deaths, disappearances, rape, torture, abuse of prisoners and detainees, and the imprisonment of citizens arbitrarily for political motives | group_1 |
7,139 | 2004 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | has established, or is making continual progress toward establishing the rule of law, political pluralism, and the right to due process, a fair trial, and equal protection under the law | group_1 |
7,140 | 2014 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | hate crimes resulting in injury and death in Europe, profiling and excessive use of force by law enforcement | group_1 |
7,141 | 1991 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | If an institution makes a per-inmate expenditure equal to or exceeding the poverty guideline level there is a presumption that the administrators of the institution are not deliberately indifferent to the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain | group_1 |
7,142 | 2005 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | If the court denies a petition for an order modifying or setting aside a nondisclosure requirement under this paragraph, the recipient shall be precluded for a period of 1 year from filing another petition to modify or set aside such nondisclosure requirement | group_1 |
7,143 | 1994 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | if the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceedings were held provides for the loss of civil rights upon conviction of such an offense | group_1 |
7,144 | 2010 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | If the person establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the person is not a sexually dangerous person, the court shall set aside or terminate a sentence to a term of special confinement for the prevention of sexual predation and order the release of the person as soon as possible | group_1 |
7,145 | 1987 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or in violation of statutory right | group_1 |
7,146 | 2017 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | in order to deter excessive force, improve accountability and transparency of use of force by law enforcement officers, assist in responding to complaints against law enforcement officers, and improve evidence collection | group_1 |
7,147 | 2014 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | including when video footage is used in criminal prosecutions and internal affairs matters as well as when excessive force has been used" | group_1 |
7,148 | 1991 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Inmates should not be entitled, by virtue of their imprisonment, to live better than law-abiding persons living at the poverty guideline level of income | group_1 |
7,149 | 2004 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "Largely as a result of mandatory minimum sentencing statutes, there are now more than 2,100,000 persons in prison and almost 70 percent of the people behind bars in America are persons of color | group_1 |
7,150 | 1990 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | making payments from the amount set aside under subparagraph (B) of reasonable attorney fees to defendants who are substantially prevailing parties in criminal actions | group_1 |
7,151 | 2017 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | may be used by a law enforcement agency for use of force training for law enforcement agencies and personnel, including training on de-escalation, implicit bias, crisis intervention techniques, and adolescent development | group_1 |
7,152 | 1978 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | may grant such petition only if the judge finds that such directive does not meet the requirements of this section or is otherwise unlawful | group_1 |
7,153 | 1997 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | may set aside the order of the Court only if the order is not in accordance with law | group_1 |
7,154 | 1997 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | may set aside the order of the Court only if any sanction imposed by the order is unlawful | group_1 |
7,155 | 2023 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | means a court has imposed a sentence for a misdemeanor under Federal, State, or tribal law that involves the use or attempted use of physical force, the threatened use of a deadly weapon, or other credible threat to the physical safety of any person | group_1 |
7,156 | 1999 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | No court may set aside any action or decision by the Attorney General under this section regarding the detention or release of any alien or the grant, revocation, or denial of bond or parole | group_1 |
7,157 | 1988 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | No court shall have jurisdiction to affect by injunction or otherwise the issuance or enforcement of any order under section 4 or to review, modify, suspend, terminate, or set aside any such order | group_1 |
7,158 | 2008 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | nonprofit organizations providing services for runaway, homeless, or foster care youth, or youth in the juvenile justice system who have been victims of dating violence, domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking | group_1 |
7,159 | 2009 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | nonviolent offenders who pose a minimal risk of harm to the community are supervised through effective probation and parole systems and provided with effective risk-reduction programs | group_1 |
7,160 | 2005 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to paragraph not more than 33 percent may be set aside for High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas | group_1 |
7,161 | 1992 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | opening a window to correct and prevent wrongful convictions in cases involving everything from home invasion to murder | group_1 |
7,162 | 1992 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | produce scholarship and propose a wide range of remedies to prevent wrongful convictions while continuing to work to free innocent inmates through the use of post-conviction DNA testing | group_1 |
7,163 | 1998 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | provide adequate resources for national nonprofit organizations to prevent and reduce the disproportionate incarceration of eligible youth | group_1 |
7,164 | 2006 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | refuses to fairly hear each case or allegation of possible abuse or excessive use of force by law enforcement officers, reviewed by an established and independent forum | group_1 |
7,165 | 1993 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall acquire and annually publish data about complaints to criminal justice authorities about the use of excessive force by law enforcement officers | group_1 |
7,166 | 1995 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | shall remain in effect and shall not be set aside solely by reason of a judicial order invalidating certain functions | group_1 |
7,167 | 1998 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall give priority consideration to areas that are already designated a high intensity drug trafficking area (in this section referred to as a ``HIDTA'') and include methamphetamine as a primary reason for that designation | group_1 |
7,168 | 2015 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | shall include a description of how such policies, projects, and enforcement will ensure that such communities are not disproportionately targeted by law enforcement | group_1 |
7,169 | 1977 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall include educational training on racial profiling issues as part of Federal law enforcement training | group_1 |
7,170 | 1977 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall include procedures for receiving, investigating, and responding meaningfully to complaints alleging racial profiling by Federal law enforcement agents of the agency | group_1 |
7,171 | 1977 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall include procedures to discipline Federal law enforcement agents who engage in racial profiling | group_1 |
7,172 | 1999 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall make grants, in accordance with such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe, to State and local programs designed to combat hate crimes committed by juveniles, including programs to train local law enforcement officers in investigating, prosecuting, and preventing hate crimes | group_1 |
7,173 | 2014 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall study the impact that citizen review boards could have on investigating cases of alleged police misconduct | group_1 |
7,174 | 1997 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall study the issue of adult recruitment of juveniles to commit hate crimes and shall, if appropriate, amend the Federal sentencing guidelines to provide sentencing enhancements | group_1 |
7,175 | 2000 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Since the enactment of mandatory minimum sentencing for drug users, the Federal Bureau of Prisons budget has increased | group_1 |
7,176 | 2010 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | that a 25 percent assessment be levied on all wages earned by Federal prisoners, with 5 percent returned to the prosecuting agency to help reimburse the cost of the prosecution | group_1 |
7,177 | 2011 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | that an individual may not serve on the task force if the individual has been convicted of any criminal offense relating to voter intimidation or voter suppression | group_1 |
7,178 | 2010 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | that no television viewing will be provided to Federal prisoners, except educational programs | group_1 |
7,179 | 2005 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | "The court may modify or set aside a request under this section if compliance would be unreasonable or oppressive | group_1 |
7,180 | 1995 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | The court shall review the denial on the administrative record and shall hold unlawful and set aside the denial if the denial is arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law | group_1 |
7,181 | 2009 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the enactment of mandatory minimum sentencing for drug users | group_1 |
7,182 | 2001 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the final judgment on a verdict of finding of guilty, a plea of guilty, or a plea of nolo contendere, but does not include a final judgment which has been expunged by pardon, reversed, set aside, or otherwise rendered void | group_1 |
7,183 | 2013 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the impact of marijuana prohibition on criminal justice, including any racial disparities, and the collateral consequences of prosecution for marijuana possession, including lack of access to housing, education, and employment | group_1 |
7,184 | 2017 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the institution of criminal proceedings against the person relating to the covered offense | group_1 |
7,185 | 1990 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the length of the sentences imposed for crimes classified as hate crimes within a jurisdiction, compared with the length of sentences imposed for similar crimes committed in jurisdictions with no hate crime laws | group_1 |
7,186 | 2010 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the requirement that Federal prisoners engage in educational study for at least 12 hours each week | group_1 |
7,187 | 2010 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the requirement that Federal prisoners that are able to do so engage in work and that such prisoners work at least 48 hours each week | group_1 |
7,188 | 2015 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | The task force shall study the impact that citizen review boards could have on investigating cases of alleged police misconduct | group_1 |
7,189 | 1999 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the United States Sentencing Commission shall study the issue of adult recruitment of juveniles to commit hate crimes and shall, if appropriate, amend the Federal sentencing guidelines to provide sentencing enhancements | group_1 |
7,190 | 2006 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | thousands of cases of State and local law enforcement agency violations of suspects, detainees, and prisoners went inadequately addressed across the United States: | group_1 |
7,191 | 2015 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to formulate the sentencing guidelines in such a way as to ``minimize the likelihood that the Federal prison population will exceed the capacity of the Federal prisons' | group_1 |
7,192 | 2015 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to justify fines, police raids, detentions, and imprisonment | group_1 |
7,193 | 2009 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to combat hate crimes committed by juveniles, including programs to train local law enforcement officers in identifying, investigating, prosecuting, and preventing hate crimes | group_1 |
7,194 | 1991 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to ensure that criminal punishments reflect the seriousness of the offense, promote respect for the law, provide just punishment, afford adequate deterrence, and protect the public from further crimes | group_1 |
7,195 | 2008 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to ensure that law enforcement priorities and initiatives, charging and plea bargaining decisions, sentencing recommendations, and other steps within the criminal process are not influenced by racial and ethnic stereotyping or bias, and do not produce unwarranted disparities from otherwise neutral laws or policies | group_1 |
7,196 | 1998 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to reduce the disproportionate incarceration of minority youth and to prepare eligible young adults for entry into the world of work by providing a comprehensive set of services that includes job training | group_1 |
7,197 | 2010 | criminal_justice | implicit | BillSum Dataset | use of excessive force by security services in an internal conflict and counter-insurgency operations | group_1 |
7,198 | 1997 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | victims of bias-motivated crimes of violence have a right to equal protection of the laws, including a system of justice that is unaffected by bias or discrimination and that, at every relevant stage, treats such crimes as seriously as other violent crimes | group_1 |
7,199 | 2000 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Whether innocent persons have been sentenced to death and the reasons these wrongful convictions have occurred | group_1 |
7,200 | 2009 | criminal_justice | explicit | BillSum Dataset | will have a significant impact on the geographic areas identified by the analysis as having disproportionate numbers of people returning from prison or jail | group_1 |
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