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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Society
|
How many national holidays does India have which are observed in all states and union territories?
|
India
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
14
] |
[
"Traditional Indian society is sometimes defined by social hierarchy.",
"The Indian caste system embodies much of the social stratification and many of the social restrictions found in the Indian subcontinent.",
"Social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as \"jātis\", or \"castes\".",
"India declared the caste system and untouchability to be illegal in 1947 and has since enacted other anti-discriminatory laws and social welfare initiatives.",
"At the workplace in urban India and in international or leading Indian companies, the caste related identification has pretty much lost its importance.",
"Family values are important in the Indian tradition, and multi-generational patriarchal joint families have been the norm in India, though nuclear families are becoming common in urban areas.",
"An overwhelming majority of Indians, with their consent, have their marriages arranged by their parents or other family members.",
"Marriage is thought to be for life, and the divorce rate is extremely low.",
"Child marriages are common, especially in rural areas; many women in India wed before reaching 18, which is their legal marriageable age.",
"Female infanticide in India and female foeticide in India have caused a discrepancy in the sex ratio, as of 2005 it was estimated that there were 50 million more males than females in the nation.",
"However the recent report from 2011 shown improvement among the gender ratio.",
"The payment of Dowry, although illegal, remains widespread across class lines.",
"Deaths resulting from dowry, mostly from bride burning, is on the rise.",
"Many Indian festivals are religious in origin; among them are Chhath, Christmas, Diwali, Durga Puja, Bakr-Id, Eid ul-Fitr, Ganesh Chaturthi, Holi, Makar Sankranti or Uttarayan, Navratri, Thai Pongal, and Vaisakhi.",
"India has three national holidays which are observed in all states and union territories: Republic Day, Independence Day, and Gandhi Jayanti.",
"Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are officially observed in individual states.",
"Throughout India, many people practice customs and religious rituals, such as \"samskara,\" which is a series of \"personal sacraments and rites conducted at various stages throughout life.\""
] |
[
5
] |
Major recurring characters
|
Who is the lesbian that agrees to be a surrogate mother for Audrey and Jeff?
|
Rules of Engagement (TV series)
| true | 1TV
|
[
3
] |
[
" Diane Sellers as Doreen, waitress at The Island Diner.",
" Wendi McLendon-Covey as Liz, an unlikeable, annoying, unattractive neighbor and friend of Audrey's who lives directly upstairs from the Binghams; for a brief story arc in Season 6 she was married to Russell, but they later separated.",
"In Season 7, Episode 7, she admitted to Russell that she is a sex addict and that she cheated on him multiple times (with multiple partners) during their brief marriage.",
" Sara Rue as Brenda, Jeff’s lesbian softball teammate who agrees to be a surrogate mother for Audrey and Jeff.",
" Nazneen Contractor as Suneetha, Timmy’s fiancée in an arranged marriage, who becomes an object of Russell’s affections.",
" Susan Yeagley as Tracy, a man-hungry co-worker of Audrey’s.",
" Taryn Southern as Allison, the object of Timmy's affections, which blossoms into an intra-office romance, then ends when she moves away and breaks up with Timmy.",
" Geoff Pierson as Franklin Dunbar, Russell's wealthy, lecherous father.",
" Orlando Jones as Brad, Jeff's gay friend from his gym who eventually makes friends with the rest of the gang."
] |
[
3
] |
Promotion and release
|
What show did Snow Patrol perform the song on?
|
Chasing Cars
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
"Snow Patrol played \"Chasing Cars\" on an appearance on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".",
"The song was also performed as the last live performance on long-running music programme \"Top of the Pops\".",
"The band also performed the song when they were the musical guest on the 17 March 2007 episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Julia Louis-Dreyfus.",
"Additionally, the band played the song live in their appearance at Live Earth.",
"On 7 July 2007, this song was performed during the London leg of the Live Earth concert at Wembley Stadium and at Oxegen later on that night in Ireland.",
"\"Chasing Cars\" was heard on the TV show \"One Tree Hill'\"s third season finale episode \"The Show Must Go On\", which aired in the US on 3 May 2006.",
"Several weeks later, the song appeared on the second season finale of \"Grey's Anatomy\" on 15 May 2006, and the song found a larger listening audience and pushed its way onto the download and pop charts in the United States.",
"The song was made into a music video for the show, serving as a promotion for its third season.",
"The music video shows scenes from the first and second seasons as well as previously unseen scenes from the third season, with clips in-between from the UK music video of the song.",
"It was heard again in the eighteenth episode of the show's seventh season on 31 March 2011, along with the cast's cover of Brandi Carlile's \"The Story\" and The Fray's \"How to Save a Life\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Biodiversity
|
What country does Taiga cover most of?
|
Finland
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"Phytogeographically, Finland is shared between the Arctic, central European and northern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom.",
"According to the WWF, the territory of Finland can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the Scandinavian and Russian taiga, Sarmatic mixed forests and Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands.",
"Taiga covers most of Finland from northern regions of southern provinces to the north of Lapland.",
"On the southwestern coast, south of the Helsinki-Rauma line, forests are characterized by mixed forests, that are more typical in the Baltic region.",
"In the extreme north of Finland, near the tree line and Arctic Ocean, Montane Birch forests are common.",
"Similarly, Finland has a diverse and extensive range of fauna.",
"There are at least sixty native mammalian species, 248 breeding bird species, over seventy fish species and eleven reptile and frog species present today, many migrating from neighboring countries thousands of years ago.",
"Large and widely recognized wildlife mammals found in Finland are the brown bear (the national animal), gray wolf, wolverine and elk.",
"Three of the more striking birds are the Whooper Swan, a large European swan and the national bird of Finland; the Capercaillie, a large, black-plumaged member of the grouse family; and the European Eagle-owl.",
"The latter is considered an indicator of old-growth forest connectivity, and has been declining because of landscape fragmentation.",
"The most common breeding birds are the Willow Warbler, Common Chaffinch and Redwing.",
"Of some seventy species of freshwater fish, the northern pike, perch and others are plentiful.",
"Atlantic salmon remains the favourite of fly rod enthusiasts.",
"The endangered Saimaa Ringed Seal, one of only three lake seal species in the world, exists only in the Saimaa lake system of southeastern Finland, down to only 300 seals today.",
"It has become the emblem of the Finnish Association for Nature Conservation."
] |
[
0
] |
Boundaries
|
In what year was the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign built?
|
Las Vegas Strip
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
1
] |
[
"Historically, the casinos that were not in Downtown Las Vegas along Fremont Street were restricted to outside of the city limits on Las Vegas Boulevard.",
"In 1959 the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign was constructed exactly outside of the city limits.",
"The sign is today about south of the southernmost entrance to Mandalay Bay (the southernmost casino).",
"In the strictest sense, \"the Strip\" refers only to the stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard that is roughly between Sahara Avenue and Russell Road, a distance of .",
"However, the term is often used to refer not only to the road but also to the various casinos and resorts that line the road, and even to properties which are not on the road but in proximity.",
"Phrases such as \"Strip Area\", \"Resort Corridor\" or \"Resort District\" are sometimes used to indicate a larger geographical area, including properties or more away from Las Vegas Boulevard, such as the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino.",
"The traditional definition considers the Strip's northern terminus as the now-defunct Sahara Casino, though travel guides typically extend it to include the Stratosphere, to the north.",
"At one time, the southern end of the Strip was Tropicana Avenue, but continuing construction has extended this boundary to Russell Road.",
"Mandalay Bay is located just north of Russell Road and is the southernmost resort considered to be on the Strip.",
"Because of the number and size of the resorts, the Resort Corridor can be quite wide.",
"Interstate 15 runs roughly parallel and to the west of Las Vegas Boulevard for the entire length of the Strip.",
"Paradise Road runs to the east in a similar fashion, and ends at St. Louis Avenue.",
"The eastern side of the Strip is bounded by McCarran International Airport south of Tropicana Avenue.",
"North of this point, the Resort Corridor can be considered to extend as far east as Paradise Road, although some consider Koval Lane as a less inclusive boundary.",
"Interstate 15 is sometimes considered the western edge of the Resort Corridor from Interstate 215 to Spring Mountain Road.",
"North of this point, Industrial Road serves as the western edge.",
"The famous Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign is located in the median just south of Russell Road, across from the now-demolished Klondike Hotel & Casino; another similar sign is in the median at the north end of the Strip near the intersection of East St. Louis and South Main Streets.",
"Newer resorts such as South Point and the M Resort are on Las Vegas Boulevard South as distant as 8 miles south of the Welcome to Las Vegas sign.",
"Marketing for these casinos usually states that they are on southern Las Vegas Boulevard and not \"Strip\" properties."
] |
[
0
] |
In translation
|
What does mRNA carry?
|
RNA
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information about a protein sequence to the ribosomes, the protein synthesis factories in the cell.",
"It is coded so that every three nucleotides (a codon) correspond to one amino acid.",
"In eukaryotic cells, once precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) has been transcribed from DNA, it is processed to mature mRNA.",
"This removes its introns—non-coding sections of the pre-mRNA.",
"The mRNA is then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into its corresponding protein form with the help of tRNA.",
"In prokaryotic cells, which do not have nucleus and cytoplasm compartments, mRNA can bind to ribosomes while it is being transcribed from DNA.",
"After a certain amount of time the message degrades into its component nucleotides with the assistance of ribonucleases.",
"Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small RNA chain of about 80 nucleotides that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.",
"It has sites for amino acid attachment and an anticodon region for codon recognition that binds to a specific sequence on the messenger RNA chain through hydrogen bonding.",
"Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the catalytic component of the ribosomes.",
"Eukaryotic ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA.",
"Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleolus, and one is synthesized elsewhere.",
"In the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome.",
"The ribosome binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis.",
"Several ribosomes may be attached to a single mRNA at any time.",
"Nearly all the RNA found in a typical eukaryotic cell is rRNA.",
"Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) is found in many bacteria and plastids.",
"It tags proteins encoded by mRNAs that lack stop codons for degradation and prevents the ribosome from stalling."
] |
[
0
] |
Culture
|
How has Japanese culture evolved since it's origins?
|
Japan
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"Japanese culture has evolved greatly from its origins.",
"Contemporary culture combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America.",
"Traditional Japanese arts include crafts such as ceramics, textiles, lacquerware, swords and dolls; performances of bunraku, kabuki, noh, dance, and rakugo; and other practices, the tea ceremony, ikebana, martial arts, calligraphy, origami, onsen, Geisha and games.",
"Japan has a developed system for the protection and promotion of both tangible and intangible Cultural Properties and National Treasures.",
"Sixteen sites have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, twelve of which are of cultural significance."
] |
[
5
] |
Release aids
|
What is a release aid?
|
Archery
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"A release aid is a mechanical device designed to give a crisp and precise loose of arrows from a compound bow.",
"In the most commonly used, the string is released by a finger-operated trigger mechanism, held in the archer's hand or attached to their wrist.",
"In another type, known as a back-tension release, the string is automatically released when drawn to a pre-determined tension."
] |
[
0
] |
Music
|
Did Disney release a physical copy of the soundtrack initally?
|
Toy Story 3
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
1
] |
[
"The film score for \"Toy Story 3\" was composed and conducted by Randy Newman, his sixth for Pixar after \"Toy Story\", \"A Bug's Life\", \"Toy Story 2\", \"Monsters, Inc.\", and \"Cars\".",
"Initially, Disney released the soundtrack only as digital download.",
"This was the second instance where Disney did not release the award-winning soundtrack of a Pixar film on CD, the first being \"Up\".",
"In January 2012, Intrada released the \"Toy Story 3\" soundtrack on Compact Disc.",
"In addition to the tracks included in the soundtrack album, the film also uses several other tracks such as \"Dream Weaver\" by Gary Wright, \"Le Freak\" by Chic, and Randy Newman's original version of \"You've Got a Friend in Me.\"",
"Furthermore, tracks \"Cowboy!\"",
"and \"Come to Papa\" included material from Newman's rejected score to \"Air Force One\".",
"The song \"Losing You\" from Newman's own album \"Harps and Angels\" was also used in the first trailer for the film.",
"The Judas Priest song \"Electric Eye\" was also used in the film in the temp score for the opening scene of \"Toy Story 3\".",
"The aliens are playing the tune in their sports car.",
"The song was ultimately replaced by another piece of music."
] |
[] |
Painting and photography
|
Where did Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg teach?
|
Denmark
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"While Danish art was influenced over the centuries by trends in Germany and the Netherlands, the 15th- and 16th-century church frescos, which can be seen in many of the country's older churches, are of particular interest as they were painted in a style typical of native Danish painters.",
"The Danish Golden Age, which began in the first half of the 19th century, was inspired by a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism.",
"Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg was not only a productive artist in his own right but taught at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where his students included notable painters such as Wilhelm Bendz, Christen Købke, Martinus Rørbye, Constantin Hansen, and Wilhelm Marstrand.",
"The sculpture of Bertel Thorvaldsen was also significant during this period.",
"In 1871, Holger Drachmann and Karl Madsen visited Skagen in the far north of Jutland where they quickly built up one of Scandinavia's most successful artists' colonies specializing in Naturalism and Realism rather than in the traditional approach favoured by the Academy.",
"Hosted by Michael and his wife Anna, they were soon joined by P.S.",
"Krøyer, Carl Locher and Laurits Tuxen.",
"All participated in painting the natural surroundings and local people.",
"Similar trends developed on Funen with the \"Fynboerne\" who included Johannes Larsen, Fritz Syberg and Peter Hansen, and on the island of Bornholm with the Bornholm school of painters including Niels Lergaard, Kræsten Iversen and Oluf Høst.",
"Danish photography has developed from strong participation and interest in the very beginnings of the art in 1839 to the success of a considerable number of Danes in the world of photography today.",
"Pioneers such as Mads Alstrup and Georg Emil Hansen paved the way for a rapidly growing profession during the last half of the 19th century while both artistic and press photographers made internationally recognised contributions.",
"Today Danish photographers such as Astrid Kruse Jensen and Jacob Aue Sobol are active both at home and abroad, participating in key exhibitions around the world.",
"Collections of modern art enjoy unusually attractive settings at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art north of Copenhagen and at the North Jutland Art Museum in Aalborg.",
"Notable artists include the Neo-Expressionist Per Kirkeby, Tal R with his wild and colorful paintings, Olafur Eliasson's space exhibitions and Jeppe Hein's installations."
] |
[
4
] |
Merchandise
|
On which platform did ABC create an app for Grey's Anatomy?
|
Grey's Anatomy
| true | 1TV
|
[
12
] |
[
"ABC has partnered with CafePress and Barco Uniforms to provide branded merchandise through an online store.",
"The products available include shirts, sweatshirts, kitchen-ware, home-ware, and bags, with the \"Grey's Anatomy\" logo on it.",
"Also available are custom unisex scrubs and lab coats in a variety of colors and sizes, designed by Barco.",
"The merchandise released by ABC is available for purchase at the \"Grey's Anatomy\" official website, and US$1 from every purchase to Barco's Nightingales Foundation.",
"Five volumes of the \"Grey's Anatomy Original Soundtrack\" have been released as of 2011.",
"For the first two seasons, the show's main title theme was an excerpt from \"Cosy in the Rocket\", by British duo Psapp; it is featured on the first soundtrack album released via ABC's corporate cousin, Hollywood Records, on September 27, 2005.",
"The second soundtrack, featuring songs from the series' second season, was released on September 12, 2006, followed by a third soundtrack with music from the third season.",
"Following the seventh season musical episode \"Song Beneath the Song\", \"\"Grey's Anatomy\": The Music Event\" soundtrack was released, with volume four of the soundtrack released subsequently.",
"In January 2009, Ubisoft announced that it had signed a licensing agreement with ABC Studios to develop a video game based on \"Grey's Anatomy\".",
"Designed for the Wii, Nintendo DS, and PC, \"\" was released on March 10, 2009.",
"The game allows the player to assume the role of one of the main characters, making decisions for the character's personal and professional life, and competing in a number of minigames.",
"It has been criticized by reviewers because of the simplicity of the mini-games and voice actors who do not play the same characters on the series, with Jason Ocampo of \"IGN\" giving it a 6.0 out of 10 overall rating.",
"ABC and Nielsen partnered in 2011 to create a \"Grey Anatomy\" application for Apple's iPad.",
"The application was designed to allow viewers to participate in polls and learn trivial facts as they watch a live episode.",
"It uses Nielsen's Media-Sync software to listen for the episode and to post features as the episode progresses."
] |
[] |
MRI versus CT
|
What do the letters CT mean?
|
Magnetic resonance imaging
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"MRI and computed tomography (CT) are complementary imaging technologies and each has advantages and limitations for particular applications.",
"CT is more widely used than MRI in OECD countries with a mean of 132 vs 46 exams per 1000 population performed respectively.",
"A concern is the potential for CT to contribute to radiation-induced cancer and in 2007 it was estimated that 0.4% of current cancers in the United States were due to CTs performed in the past, and that in the future this figure may rise to 1.5–2% based on historical rates of CT usage.",
"An Australian study found that one in every 1800 CT scans was associated with an excess cancer.",
"An advantage of MRI is that no ionizing radiation is used and so it is recommended over CT when either approach could yield the same diagnostic information.",
"However, although the cost of MRI has fallen, making it more competitive with CT, there are not many common imaging scenarios in which MRI can simply replace CT, although this substitution has been suggested for the imaging of liver disease.",
"The effect of low doses of radiation on carcinogenesis are also disputed.",
"Although MRI is associated with biological effects, these have not been proven to cause measurable harm.",
"In a comparison of possible genotoxic effects of MRI compared with those of CT scans, Knuuti et al.",
"noted that although previous studies have demonstrated DNA damage associated with MRI, \"the long-term biological and clinical significance of DNA double-strand breaks induced by MRI remains unknown\".",
"Iodinated contrast medium is routinely used in CT and the main adverse events are anaphylactoid reactions and nephrotoxicity.",
"Commonly used MRI contrast agents have a good safety profile but linear non-ionic agents in particular have been implicated in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with severely impaired renal function.MRI is contraindicated in the presence of MR-unsafe implants, and although these patients may be imaged with CT, beam hardening artefact from metallic devices, such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, may also affect image quality.",
"MRI is a longer investigation than CT and an exam may take between 20 - 40 mins depending on complexity."
] |
[
0
] |
Media
|
what german expressionist did early german cinema influence?
|
Germany
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1
] |
[
"German cinema dates back to the earliest years of the medium, it has made major technical and artistic contributions to film, as with the work of Max Skladanowsky, who showed the first film sequences ever to an audience, in 1895.",
"Early German cinema was particularly influential with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau.",
"Director Fritz Lang's \"Metropolis\" (1927) is referred to as the first modern science-fiction film.",
"In 1930 Josef von Sternberg directed \"The Blue Angel\", the first major German sound film.",
"During the 1970s and 1980s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, and Rainer Werner Fassbinder put West German cinema on the international stage.",
"The annual European Film Awards ceremony is held every other year in Berlin, home of the European Film Academy (EFA); the Berlin Film Festival, held annually since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film festivals.",
"In the 21st century, several German movies have had international success, such as \"Nowhere in Africa\" (2001), \"Das Experiment\" (2001), \"Good Bye, Lenin!\"",
"(2003), \"Gegen die Wand (Head-On)\" (2004), \"Der Untergang (Downfall)\" (2004), \"\" (2006), \"The Baader Meinhof Complex\" (2008), \"The Wave\" (2008), \"The White Ribbon\" (2009), \"Pandorum\" (2009), \"Soul Kitchen\" (2009), Animals United\" (2010), \"Combat Girls\" (2011) and \"Cloud Atlas\" (2012).",
"The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to the German production \"Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum)\" in 1979, to \"Nowhere in Africa\" in 2002, and to \"Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others)\" in 2007.",
"Germany's television market is the largest in Europe, with some 34 million TV households.",
"Around 90% of German households have cable or satellite TV, with a variety of free-to-view public and commercial channels.",
"The most watched television broadcast of all-time in Germany was the Germany vs Spain semi-fnal game of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.",
"Nine out of ten of the top ten most watched television broadcasts of all-time in Germany feature the German national football team.",
"The German video gaming market is one of the largest in the world.",
"The Gamescom in Cologne is Europe's leading gaming convention.",
"Popular game series from Germany include Turrican, the Anno series, The Settlers series, the Gothic series, SpellForce, the X series, the FIFA Manager series, Far Cry and Crysis.",
"The most relevant game developers and publishers are Ascaron, Bigpoint, Blue Byte, Crytek, Deck13, Deep Silver, EA Phenomic, Gameforge, Nintendo Europe, Piranha Bytes, Radon, Related, Spellbound and Wooga."
] |
[
0
] |
Contemporary era
|
Who was Collor succeeded by, and who did this person appoint as Minister of Finance?
|
Brazil
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
12
] |
[
"Several brief interim governments succeeded after Vargas's suicide.",
"Juscelino Kubitschek became president in 1956 and assumed a conciliatory posture towards the political opposition that allowed him to govern without major crises.",
"The economy and industrial sector grew remarkably, but his greatest achievement was the construction of the new capital city of Brasília, inaugurated in 1960.",
"His successor was Jânio Quadros, who resigned in 1961 less than a year after taking office.",
"His vice-president, João Goulart, assumed the presidency, but aroused strong political opposition and was deposed in April 1964 by a coup that resulted in a military regime.",
"The new regime was intended to be transitory but it gradually closed in on itself and became a full dictatorship with the promulgation of the Fifth Institutional Act in 1968.",
"The repression was not limited only to those who resorted to guerrilla tactics to fight the regime, but also reached institutional opponents, artists, journalists and other members of civil society, inside and outside the country (through the infamous \"Operation Condor\").",
"Despite its brutality, like other totalitarian regimes in history, due to an economic boom, known as an \"economic miracle\", the regime reached its highest level of popularity in the early 1970s.",
"Slowly however, the wear and tear of years of dictatorial power that has not slowed the repression, even after the defeat of the leftist guerrillas, plus the inability to deal with the economic crises of the period and popular pressure, made it inevitable an opening policy, which of the regime side was led by Generals Geisel and Golbery.",
"With the enactment of the Amnesty Law in 1979, Brazil began to slowly return to democracy, which would be completed along the 1980s.",
"Civilians returned to power in 1985 when José Sarney assumed the presidency, becoming unpopular during his tenure due his failure in control the economic crisis and hyperinflation inherited from the military regime.",
"Sarney's unsuccessful government allowed the election in 1989 of the almost unknown Fernando Collor, who was subsequently impeached by the National Congress in 1992.",
"Collor was succeeded by his Vice-President Itamar Franco, who appointed Fernando Henrique Cardoso as Minister of Finance.",
"In 1994, Cardoso produced a highly successful Plano Real, that after decades of failed economic plans made by previous governments attempting to curb hyperinflation, finally granted stability to the Brazilian economy, leading Cardoso to be elected that year, and again in 1998.",
"The peaceful transition of power from Fernando Henrique to his main opposition leader, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, who was elected in 2002 and re-elected in 2006, proved that Brazil had finally succeeded in achieving its long-sought political stability.",
"Lula was succeeded in 2011 by the current president, Dilma Rousseff, the country's first woman president and as such one of the most powerful women in the world.",
"In June 2013, following the viral phenomenon of worldwide manifestations (such as the \"\"Arab Spring\"\", the \"\"Occupy Wall Street\"\" and the \"\"Spanish Indignados\"\"), numerous protests erupted in Brazil.",
"For days, hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets in several cities to protest.",
"Initially a movement against the increase in public transport fares, it assumed gigantic proportions, sparked by the excessive use of force by the state polices, turning into a series of huge demonstrations by groups and individuals, angry about a range of issues (including new stadium projects for international sports events, demands on quality of public services, anger about corruption, and opposition to a constitutional amendment proposal, PEC 37, which is interpreted by some as an attempt to curb repression of corruption).",
"Thus it became a movement containing conflicting ideologies, with so far no single political agenda nor recognizable leadership."
] |
[
3
] |
Influence
|
Was Shrek 2 the inspiration for any later films?
|
Shrek
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
2
] |
[
"Previous films and TV shows, such as \"Fractured Fairy Tales\" and \"The Princess Bride\", have parodied the traditional fairy tale.",
"However, \"Shrek\" itself has noticeably influenced the current generation of mainstream animated films.",
"Particularly after \"Shrek 2\", animated films began to incorporate more pop culture references and end-film musical numbers.",
"Such elements can be seen in films like \"Robots\", and \"Chicken Little\".",
"It also inspired a number of computer animated films which also spoofed fairy tales, or other related story genres, often including adult-oriented humor, most of which were not nearly as successful as \"Shrek\", such as \"Happily N'Ever After\", \"Igor\", and \"Hoodwinked!",
"\"."
] |
[] |
Thefts
|
Where is the Munch Museum?
|
The Scream
| true | 3ART
|
[
23
] |
[
"",
"\"The Scream\" has been the target of a number of thefts and theft attempts.",
"Some damage has been suffered in these thefts.",
"On 12 February 1994, the same day as the opening of the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, two men broke into the National Gallery, Oslo, and stole its version of \"The Scream\", leaving a note reading \"Thanks for the poor security\".",
"The painting had been moved down to a second-story gallery as part of the Olympic festivities.",
"After the gallery refused to pay a ransom demand of US$1 million in March 1994, Norwegian police set up a sting operation with assistance from the British police (SO10) and the Getty Museum and the painting was recovered undamaged on 7 May 1994.",
"In January 1996, four men were convicted in connection with the theft, including Pål Enger, who had been convicted of stealing Munch's \"Vampire\" in 1988.",
"They were released on appeal on legal grounds: the British agents involved in the sting operation had entered Norway under false identities.",
"The 1910 tempera on board version of \"The Scream\" was stolen on 22 August 2004, during daylight hours, when masked gunmen entered the Munch Museum in Oslo and stole it and Munch's \"Madonna\".",
"A bystander photographed the robbers as they escaped to their car with the artwork.",
"On 8 April 2005, Norwegian police arrested a suspect in connection with the theft, but the paintings remained missing and it was rumored that they had been burned by the thieves to destroy evidence.",
"On 1 June 2005, with four suspects already in custody in connection with the crime, the city government of Oslo offered a reward of 2 million Norwegian krone (roughly US$313,500 or €231,200) for information that could help locate the paintings.",
"Although the paintings remained missing, six men went on trial in early 2006, variously charged with either helping to plan or participating in the robbery.",
"Three of the men were convicted and sentenced to between four and eight years in prison in May 2006, and two of the convicted, Bjørn Hoen and Petter Tharaldsen, were also ordered to pay compensation of 750 million kroner (roughly US$117.6 million or €86.7 million) to the City of Oslo.",
"The Munch Museum was closed for ten months for a security overhaul.",
"On 31 August 2006, Norwegian police announced that a police operation had recovered both \"The Scream\" and \"Madonna\", but did not reveal detailed circumstances of the recovery.",
"The paintings were said to be in a better-than-expected condition.",
"\"We are 100 percent certain they are the originals,\" police chief Iver Stensrud told a news conference.",
"\"The damage was much less than feared.\"",
"Munch Museum director Ingebjørg Ydstie confirmed the condition of the paintings, saying it was much better than expected and that the damage could be repaired.",
"\"The Scream\" had moisture damage on the lower left corner, while \"Madonna\" suffered several tears on the right side of the painting as well as two holes in Madonna's arm.",
"Before repairs and restoration began, the paintings were put on public display by the Munch Museum beginning 27 September 2006.",
"During the five-day exhibition, 5,500 people viewed the damaged paintings.",
"The conserved works went back on display on 23 May 2008, when the exhibition \"Scream and Madonna — Revisited\" at the Munch Museum in Oslo displayed the paintings together.",
"Some damage to \"The Scream\" may prove impossible to repair, but the overall integrity of the work has not been compromised."
] |
[
4
] |
Visual arts
|
Which poet was a friend of Almada Negreiros?
|
Portugal
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
5
] |
[
"Portugal has a rich history in painting.",
"The first well-known painters date back to the 15th century – like Nuno Gonçalves – were part of the Gothic painting period.",
"José Malhoa, known for his work \"Fado\", and Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (who painted the portraits of Teófilo Braga and Antero de Quental) were both references in naturalist painting.",
"The 20th century saw the arrival of Modernism, and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly by the Delaunays.",
"Among his best known works is \"Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro\".",
"Another great modernist painters/writers were Carlos Botelho and Almada Negreiros, friend to the poet Fernando Pessoa, who painted his (Pessoa's) portrait.",
"He was deeply influenced by both Cubist and Futurist trends.",
"Prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays include painters Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego."
] |
[] |
Kashmir conflict
|
is the Kashmir conflict a territorial dispute?
|
Pakistan
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region, the most northwesterly region of South Asia.",
"The two countries have fought at least three wars over Kashmir—the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999—and several skirmishes over the Siachen Glacier.",
"India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir and administers approximately 45.1% of the region, including most of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh, and the Siachen Glacier.",
"India's claim is contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 38.2% of Kashmir, consisting of Azad Kashmir and the northern areas of Gilgit and Baltistan.",
"The conflict of Kashmir has its origin in 1947, when British India was separated into the two states of Pakistan and India.",
"As part of the partition process, both countries had agreed that the rulers of princely states would be allowed to opt for membership of either Pakistan or India, or in special cases to remain independent.",
"India claims Kashmir on the basis of the Instrument of Accession, a legal agreement with Kashmir's leaders executed by Maharaja Hari Singh, then ruler of Kashmir, agreeing to accede the area to India.",
"Pakistan claims Kashmir on the basis of a Muslim majority and of geography, the same principles that were applied for the creation of the two independent states.",
"India referred the dispute to the United Nations on 1 January 1948.",
"In a resolution in 1948, the UN asked Pakistan to remove most of its troops.",
"A plebiscite would then be held.",
"However, Pakistan failed to vacate the region.",
"A ceasefire was reached in 1949 and a Line of Control was established, dividing Kashmir between the two countries.",
"Pakistan's position is that the people of Jammu and Kashmir have the right to determine their future through impartial elections as mandated by the United Nations.",
"India has stated that it believes that Kashmir is an integral part of India, referring to the 1972 Simla Agreement and to the fact that elections take place regularly.",
"Certain Kashmiri independence groups believe that Kashmir should be independent of both India and Pakistan."
] |
[] |
Geography
|
How many lakes does Switzerland have?
|
Switzerland
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
9
] |
[
"Extending across the north and south side of the Alps in west-central Europe, Switzerland encompasses a great diversity of landscapes and climates on a limited area of .",
"The population is about 7.9 million, resulting in an average population density of around 190 people per square kilometre (485/sq mi).",
"The more mountainous southern half of the country is far more sparsely populated than the northern half.",
"In the largest Canton of Graubünden, lying entirely in the Alps, population density falls to 27 /km² (70 /sq mi).",
"Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N, and longitudes 5° and 11° E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss plateau or middleland, and the Jura mountains on the north.",
"The Alps are a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country, comprising about 60% of the country's total area.",
"Among the high valleys of the Swiss Alps many glaciers are found, totalling an area of 1,063 square kilometres.",
"From these originate the headwaters of several major rivers, such as the Rhine, Inn, Ticino and Rhône, which flow in the four cardinal directions into the whole of Europe.",
"The hydrographic network includes several of the largest bodies of freshwater in Central and Western Europe, among which are included Lake Geneva, Lake Constance and Lake Maggiore.",
"Switzerland has more than 1500 lakes, and contains 6% of Europe's stock of fresh water.",
"Lakes and glaciers cover about 6% of the national territory.",
"About a hundred of Switzerland's mountain peaks are close to or higher than .",
"At , Monte Rosa is the highest, although the Matterhorn () is probably the most famous.",
"Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais.",
"The section of the Bernese Alps above the deep glacial Lauterbrunnen valley, containing 72 waterfalls, is well known for the Jungfrau () and Eiger, and the many picturesque valleys in the region.",
"In the southeast the long Engadin Valley, encompassing the St. Moritz area in canton Graubünden, is also well known; the highest peak in the neighbouring Bernina Alps is Piz Bernina ().",
"The more populous northern part of the country, comprising about 30% of the country's total area, is called the Middle Land.",
"It has greater open and hilly landscapes, partly forested, partly open pastures, usually with grazing herds, or vegetables and fruit fields, but it is still hilly.",
"There are large lakes found here and the biggest Swiss cities are in this area of the country.",
"The largest lake is Lake Geneva (also called Lac Léman in French), in western Switzerland.",
"The Rhône River is both the main input and output of Lake Geneva."
] |
[
5
] |
History
|
When was the first calculator made?
|
Computer science
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1,
2
] |
[
"The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer.",
"Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity, aiding in computations such as multiplication and division.",
"Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator, Pascal's calculator, in 1642.",
"In 1673 Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated a digital mechanical calculator, called the 'Stepped Reckoner'.",
"He may be considered the first computer scientist and information theorist, for, among other reasons documenting the binary number system.",
"In 1820, Thomas de Colmar launched the mechanical calculator industry when he released his simplified arithmometer, which was the first calculating machine strong enough and reliable enough to be used daily in an office environment.",
"Charles Babbage started the design of the first \"automatic mechanical calculator\", his difference engine, in 1822, which eventually gave him the idea of the first \"programmable mechanical calculator\", his Analytical Engine.",
"He started developing this machine in 1834 and \"in less than two years he had sketched out many of the salient features of the modern computer.",
"A crucial step was the adoption of a punched card system derived from the Jacquard loom\" making it infinitely programmable.",
"In 1843, during the translation of a French article on the \"analytical engine\", Ada Lovelace wrote, in one of the many notes she included, an algorithm to compute the Bernoulli numbers, which is considered to be the first computer program.",
"Around 1885, Herman Hollerith invented the tabulator which used punched cards to process statistical information; eventually his company became part of IBM.",
"In 1937, one hundred years after Babbage's impossible dream, Howard Aiken convinced IBM, which was making all kinds of punched card equipment and was also in the calculator business to develop his giant programmable calculator, the ASCC/Harvard Mark I, based on Babbage's \"analytical engine\", which itself used cards and a central computing unit.",
"When the machine was finished, some hailed it as \"Babbage's dream come true\".",
"During the 1940s, as new and more powerful computing machines were developed, the term \"computer\" came to refer to the machines rather than their human predecessors.",
"As it became clear that computers could be used for more than just mathematical calculations, the field of computer science broadened to study computation in general.",
"Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1950s and early 1960s.",
"The world's first computer science degree program, the Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science, began at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory in 1953.",
"The first computer science degree program in the United States was formed at Purdue University in 1962.",
"Since practical computers became available, many applications of computing have become distinct areas of study in their own right.",
"Although many initially believed it was impossible that computers themselves could actually be a scientific field of study, in the late fifties it gradually became accepted among the greater academic population.",
"It is the now well-known IBM brand that formed part of the computer science revolution during this time.",
"IBM (short for International Business Machines) released the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709 computers, which were widely used during the exploration period of such devices.",
"\"Still, working with the IBM was frustrating...if you had misplaced as much as one letter in one instruction, the program would crash, and you would have to start the whole process over again\".",
"During the late 1950s, the computer science discipline was very much in its developmental stages, and such issues were commonplace.",
"Time has seen significant improvements in the usability and effectiveness of computing technology.",
"Modern society has seen a significant shift in the users of computer technology, from usage only by experts and professionals, to a near-ubiquitous user base.",
"Initially, computers were quite costly, and some degree of human aid was needed for efficient use - in part from professional computer operators.",
"As computer adoption became more widespread and affordable, less human assistance was needed for common usage."
] |
[
2
] |
Iraqi drones
|
What did Colin Powell suggest?
|
2003 invasion of Iraq
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"In October 2002, a few days before the US Senate vote on the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution, about 75 senators were told in closed session that the Iraqi government had the means of delivering biological and chemical weapons of mass destruction by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) drones that could be launched from ships off the US' Atlantic coast to attack US eastern seaboard cities.",
"Colin Powell suggested in his presentation to the United Nations that UAVs were transported out of Iraq and could be launched against the United States.",
"In fact, Iraq had no offensive UAV fleet or any capability of putting UAVs on ships.",
"Iraq's UAV fleet consisted of less than a handful of outdated Czech training drones.",
"At the time, there was a vigorous dispute within the intelligence community whether the CIA's conclusions about Iraq's UAV fleet were accurate.",
"The US Air Force agency denied outright that Iraq possessed any offensive UAV capability."
] |
[
0
] |
Last years in Florence
|
When did Donatello go back to Florence?
|
Donatello
| true | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"Donatello returned to Florence in 1453.",
"The Judith and Holofernes, begun for the Duomo di Siena date from 1455 to 1460 but were later acquired by the Medici.",
"Until 1461, Donatello remained in Siena, where he created a \"St. John the Baptist\", also for the Duomo, and models for its gates, now lost.",
"For his last commission in Florence, Donatello produced reliefs for the bronze pulpits in the church of San Lorenzo, with help from students Bartolomeo Bellano and Bertoldo di Giovanni.",
"Donatello provided the general design and personally executed the \"Martyrdom of St. Lawrence\" and the \"Deposition from the Cross\"; he worked on the reliefs of \"Christ before Pilate\" and \"Christ before Caiphus\", with Bellano.",
"This work is characterized by an intense, free, indeed sketchy and suggestively unfinished — in Italian a \"non-finito\" — technique that heightens the dramatic effect of the scenes and emphasizes their spiritual intensity.",
"Donatello died in Florence in 1466 and was buried in the Basilica of San Lorenzo, next to Cosimo de' Medici the Elder."
] |
[
2
] |
Weapons
|
What type of virus was recreated in 1918 in laboratories?
|
Virus
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"The ability of viruses to cause devastating epidemics in human societies has led to the concern that viruses could be weaponised for biological warfare.",
"Further concern was raised by the successful recreation of the infamous 1918 influenza virus in a laboratory.",
"The smallpox virus devastated numerous societies throughout history before its eradication.",
"There are only two centers in the world that are authorized by the WHO to keep stocks of smallpox virus: the Vector Institute in Russia and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States.",
"However fears that it may be used as a weapon may not be totally unfounded.",
"As the vaccine for smallpox sometimes had severe side-effects, it is no longer used routinely in any country.",
"Thus, much of the modern human population has almost no established resistance to smallpox, and would be vulnerable to the virus."
] |
[
0
] |
Marathon races
|
Where is the oldest yearly marathon held?
|
Marathon
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
6
] |
[
" races.",
"Annually, more than 500 marathons are organized worldwide.",
"Some of these belong to the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) which has grown since its foundation in 1982 to embrace over 300 member events in 83 countries and territories.",
"The marathons of Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, New York City and Tokyo form the World Marathon Majors series, awarding $500,000 annually to the best overall male and female performers in the series.",
"In 2006, the editors of Runner's World selected a \"World's Top 10 Marathons\", in which the Amsterdam, Honolulu, Paris, Rotterdam, and Stockholm marathons were featured along with the five mentioned above.",
"Other notable large marathons include United States Marine Corps Marathon, Los Angeles, and Rome.",
"The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon, inspired by the success of the 1896 Olympic marathon and held since 1897.",
"The oldest annual marathon in Europe is the Košice Peace Marathon, held since 1924 in Košice, Slovakia.",
"The historic Polytechnic Marathon was discontinued in 1996.",
"The Athens Classic Marathon traces the route of the 1896 Olympic course, starting in Marathon on the eastern coast of Attica, site of the Battle of Marathon of 490 B.C.E., and ending at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens.",
"The Midnight Sun Marathon is held in Tromsø, Norway at 70 degrees north.",
"Using unofficial and temporary courses, measured by GPS, races of marathon distance are now held at the North Pole, in Antarctica and over desert terrain.",
"Other unusual marathons include the Great Wall Marathon on The Great Wall of China, the Big Five Marathon among the safari wildlife of South Africa, the Great Tibetan Marathon – a marathon in an atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism at an altitude of , and the Polar Circle Marathon on the permanent ice cap of Greenland.",
"The Intercontinental Istanbul Eurasia Marathon is the only marathon where participants run over two continents (Europe and Asia) during the course of a single event.",
"In the Detroit Free Press Marathon, participants cross the US/Canadian border twice.",
"The Niagara Falls International Marathon includes one international border crossing, via the Peace Bridge from Buffalo, New York, United States to Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada."
] |
[
4
] |
Musical structure
|
what is Everett's opinion on the chord?
|
I Want to Hold Your Hand
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
3
] |
[
"The song is in the key of G and opens on \"I'll tell you\" with a D-B, B-D melody note drop and rise over a I (G) chord.",
"Controversy exists over the landmark chord that Lennon stated McCartney hit on the piano while they were composing the song.",
"Marshall considers it is the minor vi (Em) chord (the third chord in the I-V7-vi (G-D7-Em) progression).",
"Everett is of the same opinion.",
"Pedler claims, however, that more surprising is the melody note drop from B to F# against a III7 (B7) chord on \"understand\".",
"Music theorists are divided over whether this chord is a iii (Bm), a B major, or a B7 or even a B5 power chord with no major or minor defining third."
] |
[
0
] |
Southern Europe
|
In what two areas of the world is marzipan left white?
|
Marzipan
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
6
] |
[
"Around the world.",
"Southern Europe.",
"In Italy, particularly in Palermo, marzipan (') is often shaped and painted with food colorings to resemble fruit—'—especially during the Christmas season and on ' (All Souls' Day) on November 2.",
"May 9 and 10 are also special days for eating marzipan in Sicily.",
"In Portugal, where the confection has been made by nuns since olden times, traditional marzipan (') fruit-shaped sweets made in the Algarve region are a very common sweet.",
"There are other regions, as Toledo in Spain in which marzipan is shaped into simple animal shapes, and usually filled in with egg yolk (\"\") and sugar.",
"In Greece and Cyprus, marzipan is made in a variety of shapes and sizes and is almost always left white.",
"In the islands of the Aegean in particular, white marzipan is considered a wedding treat and is served to guests at wedding feasts. "
] |
[
0
] |
Safety
|
Which body part is the most common location for injuries?
|
Taekwondo
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
3
] |
[
"Although taekwondo competitors have an apparently substantial risk of injury, most injuries are minor.",
"A 2009 meta-analysis reported that an average of about 8% of competitors are injured per exposure to competition.",
"Age, gender, and level of play did not significantly affect the injury rate.",
"The legs are the most common location for injuries, and bruising is the most common injury type.",
"Injuries may occur if students are taught to block punches in a formal manner (chamber position, perfect angles, etc.)",
"even when sparring.",
"When comparing the speed of a punch and the reaction time taken to block effectively, it is difficult to block a punch.",
"Many taekwondo schools teach students blocking for grading and classwork, and dodging or parrying for sparring."
] |
[] |
Public consciousness
|
Who complained to the BBC about the content of the show "Dr. Who"?
|
Doctor Who
| true | 1TV
|
[
5
] |
[
"It has been suggested that the transmission of the first episode was delayed by ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy the previous day; whereas in fact, it went out just eighty seconds late.",
"Because it was believed that the coverage of the events of the assassination as well as a series of power blackouts across the country may have caused too many viewers to miss this introduction to a new series, the BBC broadcast it again on 30 November 1963, just before the broadcast of episode two.",
"The programme soon became a national institution in the United Kingdom, with a large following among the general viewing audience.",
"Many renowned actors asked for, or were offered and accepted, guest-starring roles in various stories.",
"With popularity came controversy over the show's suitability for children.",
"Morality campaigner Mary Whitehouse repeatedly complained to the BBC in the 1970s over what she saw as the show's frightening and gory content.",
"John Nathan-Turner, who produced the series during the 1980s, was heard to say that he looked forward to Whitehouse's comments, as the show's ratings would increase soon after she had made them.",
"The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\" became coined and entered British pop culture, signifying in humour the stereotypical early-series behaviour of children who wanted to avoid seeing frightening parts of a television programme while remaining in the room to watch the remainder of it.",
"The phrase retains this association with Doctor Who, to the point that in 1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa\".",
"The electronic theme music too was perceived as eerie, novel, and frightening, at the time.",
"A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtapose of fear and thrill \"at the center of many people's relationship with the show\", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV show of all time\".",
"During Jon Pertwee's second series as the Doctor, in the serial \"Terror of the Autons\" (1971), images of murderous plastic dolls, daffodils killing unsuspecting victims, and blank-featured policemen marked the apex of the show's ability to frighten children.",
"Other notable moments in that decade include a disembodied brain falling to the floor in \"The Brain of Morbius\" and the Doctor apparently being drowned by Chancellor Goth in \"The Deadly Assassin\" (both 1976).",
"A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that, by their own definition of violence (\"any act which may cause physical and/or psychological injury, hurt or death to persons, animals or property, whether intentional or accidental\") \"Doctor Who\" was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time.",
"The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show as \"very unsuitable\" for family viewing.",
"Responding to the findings of the survey in \"The Times\" newspaper, journalist Philip Howard maintained that, \"to compare the violence of \"Dr Who\", sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare, with the more realistic violence of other television series, where actors who look like human beings bleed paint that looks like blood, is like comparing Monopoly with the property market in London: both are fantasies, but one is meant to be taken seriously.",
"\"The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay, Kent, was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine.",
"In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS's blue police box design in merchandising associated with \"Doctor Who\".",
"In 1998, the Metropolitan Police Authority filed an objection to the trade mark claim; but in 2002, the Patent Office ruled in favour of the BBC.</ref>The programme's broad appeal attracts audiences of children and families as well as science fiction fans.",
"The 21st century revival of the programme has become the centrepiece of BBC One's Saturday schedule, and has, \"defined the channel\".",
"Since its return, \"Doctor Who\" has consistently received high ratings, both in number of viewers and as measured by the Appreciation Index.",
"In 2007, Caitlin Moran, television reviewer for \"The Times\", wrote that \"Doctor Who\" is, \"quintessential to being British\".",
"Director Steven Spielberg has commented that, \"the world would be a poorer place without \"Doctor Who\"\".",
"On 4 August 2013, a live programme titled \"Doctor Who Live: The Next Doctor\" was broadcast on BBC One, during which the actor playing the Twelfth Doctor was revealed.",
"The show was simultaneously broadcast in the US and Australia."
] |
[
3
] |
Internet
|
What is the number of free internet wi-fi hotspots provided to the public in Bangkok?
|
Thailand
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"In Bangkok, there are 23,000 free wi-fi internet hotspots provided to the public.",
"The Internet in Thailand also consists of 10Gbit/s high speed fiber-optic lines that can be leased and ISP's such as KIRZ that provide residential internet services.",
"The internet is censored by the Thai government, making some sites unreachable.",
"Organisations involved are the Royal Thai Police, the Communications Authority of Thailand, and the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT)."
] |
[
0
] |
History
|
How far do the origins of wrestling go back?
|
Wrestling
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
2
] |
[
"Wrestling represents one of the oldest forms of combat.",
"Literary references to it occur as early as in the Iliad, in which Homer recounts the Trojan War of the 13th or 12th century BC.",
"The origins of wrestling go back 15,000 years through cave drawings in France.",
"Babylonian and Egyptian reliefs show wrestlers using most of the holds known in the present-day sport.",
"In ancient Greece wrestling occupied a prominent place in legend and literature; wrestling competition, brutal in many aspects, served as the focal sport of the ancient Olympic Games.",
"The ancient Romans borrowed heavily from Greek wrestling, but eliminated much of its brutality.",
"During the Middle Ages (fifth century to fifteenth century) wrestling remained popular and enjoyed the patronage of many royal families, including those of France, Japan and England.",
"Early European settlers in America brought a strong wrestling tradition with them if they came from England.",
"The settlers also found wrestling to be popular among Native Americans.",
"Amateur wrestling flourished throughout the early years of the North American colonies and served as a popular activity at country fairs, holiday celebrations, and in military exercises.",
"The first organized national wrestling tournament took place in New York City in 1888, and wrestling has been an event at every modern Olympic Games since the 1904 games in Saint Louis, Missouri (a demonstration had been performed at the first modern Olympics).",
"The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) originated in 1912 in Antwerp, Belgium.",
"The 1st NCAA Wrestling Championships were also held in 1912, in Ames, Iowa.",
"USA Wrestling, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, became the national governing body of amateur wrestling in 1983.",
"It conducts competitions for all age-levels."
] |
[
5
] |
Environment
|
How fast will the next generation of broadand be in South Korea?
|
South Korea
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
5
] |
[
"During the first 20 years of South Korea's growth surge, little effort was made to preserve the environment.",
"Unchecked industrialization and urban development have resulted in deforestation and the ongoing destruction of wetlands such as the Songdo Tidal Flat.",
"However, there have been recent efforts to balance these problems, including a government run five-year green growth project that aims to boost energy efficiency and green technology.",
"The green-based economic strategy is a comprehensive overhaul of South Korea's economy, utilizing nearly two percent of the national GDP.",
"The greening initiative includes such efforts as a nationwide bike network, solar and wind energy, lowering oil dependent vehicles, backing daylight savings and extensive usage of environmentally friendly technologies such as LEDs in electronics and lighting.",
"The country – already the world's most wired – plans to build a nationwide next-generation network which will be 10 times faster than broadband facilities in order to reduce energy usage.",
"The renewable portfolio standard program with renewable energy certificates runs from 2012 to 2022.",
"Quota systems favor large, vertically integrated generators and multinational electric utilities, if only because certificates are generally denominated in units of one megawatt-hour.",
"They are also more difficult to design and implement than an a Feed-in tariff.",
"Lauber, V. (2004).",
"\"REFIT and RPS: Options for a harmonized Community framework,\" Energy Policy, Vol.",
"32, Issue 12, pp.1405–1414.",
"Lauber, V. (2008).",
"\"Certificate Trading – Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem?",
"\"Ljubljana Conference on the Future of GHG Emissions Trading in the EU, March 2008.",
"Salzburg, Austria: University of Salzburg.",
"Retrieved 16 March 2009 at: www.uni-salzburg.at/politikwissenschaft/lauber</ref> Around 350 residential micro combined heat and power units where installed in 2012.",
"Seoul's tap water recently became safe to drink, with city officials branding it \"Arisu\" in a bid to convince the public.",
"Efforts have also been made with afforestation projects.",
"Another multi-billion dollar project was the restoration of Cheonggyecheon, a stream running through downtown Seoul that had earlier been paved over by a motorway.",
"One major challenge is air quality, with acid rain, sulfur oxides, and annual yellow dust storms being particular problems.",
"It is acknowledged that many of these difficulties are a result of South Korea's proximity to China, which is a major air polluter.",
"South Korea is a member of the Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity Treaty, Kyoto Protocol (forming the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG), regarding UNFCCC, with Mexico and Switzerland), Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (not into force), Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, and Whaling."
] |
[
5
] |
Interior
|
In what year was the Lincoln Memorial elevator installed?
|
Lincoln Memorial
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
18
] |
[
"The area where the statue stands is 60 feet wide, 74 feet long, and 60 feet high.",
"The interior of the Memorial is divided into three chambers by two rows of Ionic columns.",
"These columns, four in each row, are tall and in diameter at their base.",
"The north and south side chambers contain carved inscriptions of Lincoln's second inaugural address and his Gettysburg Address.",
"Bordering these inscriptions are pilasters ornamented with fasces, eagles, and wreaths.",
"The inscriptions and adjoining ornamentation were done by Evelyn Beatrice Longman.",
"The Memorial is filled with symbolism: the 36 columns represent the states in the union at the time of Lincoln's death, the 48 stone festoons on the attic above the columns represent the 48 states in 1922.",
"Above each of the inscriptions is a mural painted by Jules Guerin graphically portraying governing principles evident in Lincoln's life.",
"On the south wall mural, Freedom, Liberty, Immortality, Justice, and the Law are pictured, while the north wall portrays Unity, Fraternity, and Charity.",
"Both scenes contain a background of cypress trees, the emblem of Eternity.",
"The murals were crafted with a special mixture of paint which included elements of kerosene and wax to protect the exposed artwork from fluctuations in temperature and moisture conditions.",
"The ceiling of the Memorial, above the floor, is composed of bronze girders, ornamented with laurel and oak leaves.",
"Between the girders are panels of Alabama marble, saturated with paraffin to increase their translucency.",
"Despite the increased light from this device, Bacon and French felt the statue required even more light.",
"They decided upon an artificial lighting system in which a louvered lighting panel would be set in the ceiling with metal slats to conceal the great floodlights.",
"Custodians could adjust the lights from a control room, varying them according to the outside light.",
"Funds for this expensive system were appropriated by Congress in 1926, and in 1929, seven years after the dedication, the statue was properly lighted.",
"Since that time, only one major alteration has taken place in the Memorial's design.",
"This was the addition of an elevator within the structure to aid handicapped visitors, which was installed in the mid-1970s."
] |
[
0
] |
South Korea
|
What was the surplus for Korea's services account in the first nine months of this year?
|
Gangnam Style
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"In 2012, the South Korean government announced that \"Gangnam Style\" had brought in $13.4 million to the country’s audio sector, and it subsequently launched a campaign to further expand the K-Pop music industry overseas.",
"According to the Bank of Korea, the country's services account recorded a surplus of USD 2.3 billion in the first nine months of this year, compared to a deficit of USD 4.5 billion last year.",
"This was mainly due to the growing influence and popularity of K-pop songs such as \"Gangnam Style\".",
"However, the American journalist John Seabrook noted that by \"satirizing standard K-pop tropes in Gangnam Style\", Psy may have subverted the music genre's chances of making it big in the West."
] |
[
0
] |
Applications
|
During its evolution, what did the Mexican Tetra lose?
|
Evolution
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"Concepts and models used in evolutionary biology, such as natural selection, have many applications.",
"Artificial selection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms.",
"This has been used for thousands of years in the domestication of plants and animals.",
"More recently, such selection has become a vital part of genetic engineering, with selectable markers such as antibiotic resistance genes being used to manipulate DNA.",
"Proteins with valuable properties have evolved by repeated rounds of mutation and selection (for example modified enzymes and new antibodies) in a process called directed evolution.",
"Understanding the changes that have occurred during organism's evolution can reveal the genes needed to construct parts of the body, genes which may be involved in human genetic disorders.",
"For example, the mexican tetra is an albino cavefish that lost its eyesight during evolution.",
"Breeding together different populations of this blind fish produced some offspring with functional eyes, since different mutations had occurred in the isolated populations that had evolved in different caves.",
"This helped identify genes required for vision and pigmentation.",
"Many human diseases are not static phenomena, but capable of evolution.",
"Viruses, bacteria, fungi and cancers evolve to be resistant to host immune defences, as well as pharmaceutical drugs.",
"These same problems occur in agriculture with pesticide and herbicide resistance.",
"It is possible that we are facing the end of the effective life of most of available antibiotics and predicting the evolution and evolvability of our pathogens and devising strategies to slow or circumvent it is requiring deeper knowledge of the complex forces driving evolution at the molecular level.",
"In computer science, simulations of evolution using evolutionary algorithms and artificial life started in the 1960s and was extended with simulation of artificial selection.",
"Artificial evolution became a widely recognised optimisation method as a result of the work of Ingo Rechenberg in the 1960s.",
"He used evolution strategies to solve complex engineering problems.",
"Genetic algorithms in particular became popular through the writing of John Holland.",
"Practical applications also include automatic evolution of computer programmes.",
"Evolutionary algorithms are now used to solve multi-dimensional problems more efficiently than software produced by human designers and also to optimise the design of systems."
] |
[
0
] |
Spin-off
|
when did AMC become interested in the spinoff?
|
Breaking Bad
| true | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
"In April 2013, it was revealed that AMC and Sony were interested in a spin-off series that would focus on Saul Goodman (Bob Odenkirk), with Gilligan and series writer Peter Gould developing the project.",
"Gilligan had previously hinted at a possible spin-off series focused on Saul Goodman in July 2012.",
"In September 2013, AMC and Sony Pictures Television officially ordered \"Better Call Saul\" to series, and it will be a prequel."
] |
[
2
] |
Other recorded cover versions
|
Who covered Viva la Vida?
|
Viva la Vida
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
0,
1,
3
] |
[
" 2Cellos performed an instrumental cover of \"Viva la Vida\" in their debut album \"2Cellos\".",
" Weezer included their cover version of the song on the deluxe edition of their 2010 album \"Hurley.",
"\"",
" Electropop artist Joy Electric covered the song on the 2009 album \"Favorites at Play\"."
] |
[
3
] |
Plans
|
What year did the authority annouse plans to carry out the first elements of the concept?
|
Navy Pier
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
9
] |
[
"On January 13, 2006, the Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority released plans for a major renovation of the Pier, which would include a monorail, a spokeless Ferris wheel, a roller coaster, floating hotel, and an water park with a Great Lakes theme.",
"The plan would include nearly double the current parking and a replacement theater with a greater capacity.",
"At the time of the announcement, a price tag of $2 billion was announced.",
"No concrete progress was made on those proposals, as the financial condition of the Pier suffered with the recession.",
"Following the reorganization of the agency that runs Navy Pier and McCormick Place, a new study was commissioned to reinvigorate the upgrade process.",
"The new study, by the Urban Land Institute, was released on November 11, 2010, and recommended a more modest set of enhancements aimed at retaining the Pier's role as a public space, rather than turning it into a theme park.",
"Suggested elements include a concert venue, an enlarged Chicago Shakespeare Theater space, new restaurants, a renovated commercial area around the Pier's entrance, and additional park-like features to bring people closer to the lake.",
"More grandiose possibilities, including the enlarged Ferris wheel and a hotel, are mentioned as more remote possibilities.",
"In March 2012 a competition led to selection of a design concept presented by a team led by James Corner of James Corner Field Operations that focuses on the Pier's role as a waterfront promenade.",
"In 2013 the Authority announced plans to carry out the first elements of a streamlined version of that concept, with reworked streetscape and a wider pedestrian space, moving tour-boat moorings to improve the view from a new central stairway centered on the Ferris wheel.",
"Work began during the winter of 2013-2014, with completion expected by Summer 2015."
] |
[
0
] |
Bison paddock
|
How long have Bison been kept at Golden Gate Park?
|
Golden Gate Park
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
"Bison (\"Bison bison\") have been kept in Golden Gate Park since 1891, when a small herd was purchased by the park commission.",
"At the time, the animal's population in North America had dwindled to an all-time low, and San Francisco made a successful effort to breed them in captivity.",
"In 1899, the paddock in the western section of the park was created.",
"At its peak and through a successful captive breeding program, more than 100 calves were produced at Golden Gate Park, helping preserve the iconic bison population numbers in North America, which has been critical to the culture and livelihood of Native Americans.",
"In 1984, Mayor Dianne Feinstein's husband, Richard C. Blum, purchased a new herd as a birthday present for his wife.",
"The older bison in the paddock today are descendants of those animals.",
"In December 2011, after the number of bison in the paddock had dwindled to three, Assemblywoman Fiona Ma’s office led another preservation effort.",
"With donations from the Theodore Rosen Charitable Foundation, Richard C. Blum, and the Garen Wimer Ranch, Assemblywoman Ma’s office worked with the San Francisco Zoo and SF Recreation and Parks to add seven new bison to the existing herd.",
"The Paddock is currently open to the public for viewing."
] |
[
5
] |
Critical response
|
Where is it written that "Murphey and the writers will have to do a lot of heavy lifting for "Body of Proof"?
|
Body of Proof
| true | 1TV
|
[
9
] |
[
"Critical response.",
"The show was met with mixed reviews: Metacritic summarizes the opinions of 21 critics in giving the show's first season a score of 56 out of 100.",
"\"Entertainment Weekly\" included the show in the 10 TV events to look forward to in 2011.",
"Critic David Hinckley from the New York \"Daily News\" gave the show a positive review, noting it \"would be interesting enough if it were just \"Quincy\" with better legs.",
"Add the other elements and you have something worth checking out at 10 o'clock\".",
"Other reviews were more negative, commenting on the clichéd plot and character development.",
"\"Las Vegas Weekly\" critic Josh Bell commented that \"The problem is that Megan’s personal issues are as clichéd and clumsily presented as her boilerplate murder cases, and the show makes strained connections between the two that don’t really hold together.\"",
"\"The Detroit News\" called it \"Saggy, predictable and preachy, the series debut was delayed for months and still doesn't have what it takes to impress viewers.",
"What a poor replacement for \"Detroit 1-8-7\" (\"Detroit 1–8–7\" was canceled and \"Body of Proof\" was renewed).\"",
"The \"Los Angeles Times\" said \"Murphey and the writers will have to do a lot of heavy lifting for \"Body of Proof\" to transcend its immediate predictability.",
"There's only so much Delany can do with a cardboard show.",
"God may be in the details, but the walls still have to hold.\""
] |
[
4
] |
Natural features
|
How many animal and plant species live in the park?
|
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
13,
14
] |
[
"Elevations in the park range from at the mouth of Abrams Creek to at the summit of Clingmans Dome.",
"Within the park a total of sixteen mountains reach higher than 6,000 feet (1829 m).",
"The wide range of elevations mimics the latitudinal changes found throughout the entire eastern United States.",
"Indeed, ascending the mountains is comparable to a trip from Tennessee to Canada.",
"Plants and animals common in the country's Northeast have found suitable ecological niches in the park's higher elevations, while southern species find homes in the balmier lower reaches.",
"During the most recent ice age, the northeast-to-southwest orientation of the Appalachian mountains allowed species to migrate southward along the slopes rather than finding the mountains to be a barrier.",
"As climate warms, many northern species are now retreating upward along the slopes and withdrawing northward, while southern species are expanding.",
"The park normally has very high humidity and precipitation, averaging from 55 inches (1,400 mm) per year in the valleys to 85 inches (2,200 mm) per year on the peaks.",
"This is more annual rainfall than anywhere in the United States outside the Pacific Northwest and parts of Alaska and Hawaii.",
"It is also generally cooler than the lower elevations below, and most of the park has a humid continental climate more comparable to locations much farther north, as opposed to the humid subtropical climate in the lowlands.",
"The park is almost 95 percent forested, and almost 36 percent of it, , is estimated by the Park Service to be old growth forest with many trees that predate European settlement of the area.",
"It is one of the largest blocks of deciduous, temperate, old growth forest in North America.",
"The variety of elevations, the abundant rainfall, and the presence of old growth forests give the park an unusual richness of biota.",
"About 10,000 species of plants and animals are known to live in the park, and estimates as high as an additional 90,000 undocumented species may also be present.",
"Park officials count more than 200 species of birds, 66 species of mammals, 50 species of fish, 39 species of reptiles, and 43 species of amphibians, including many lungless salamanders.",
"The park has a noteworthy black bear population, numbering about 1,500.",
"An experimental re-introduction of elk (wapiti) into the park began in 2001.",
"Over 100 species of trees grow in the park.",
"The lower region forests are dominated by deciduous leafy trees.",
"At higher altitudes, deciduous forests give way to coniferous trees like Fraser Fir.",
"In addition, the park has over 1,400 flowering plant species and over 4,000 species of non-flowering plants."
] |
[
5
] |
Epigenetics
|
What is the single fertilized egg cell called in botany?
|
Botany
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
8
] |
[
"Epigenetics is the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the underlying DNA sequence but cause the organism's genes to behave (or \"express themselves\") differently.",
"One example of epigenetic change is the marking of the genes by DNA methylation which determines whether they will be expressed or not.",
"Gene expression can also be controlled by repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA and prevent that region of the DNA code from being expressed.",
"Epigenetic marks may be added or removed from the DNA during programmed stages of development of the plant, and are responsible, for example, for the differences between anthers, petals and normal leaves, despite the fact that they all have the same underlying genetic code.",
"Epigenetic changes may be temporary or may remain through successive cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life.",
"Some epigenetic changes have been shown to be heritable, while others are reset in the germ cells.",
"Epigenetic changes in eukaryotic biology serve to regulate the process of cellular differentiation.",
"During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells.",
"A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many different plant cell types including parenchyma, xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tubes, guard cells of the epidermis, etc.",
"as it continues to divide.",
"The process results from the epigenetic activation of some genes and inhibition of others.",
"Unlike animals, many plant cells, particularly those of the parenchyma, do not terminally differentiate, remaining totipotent with the ability to give rise to a new individual plant.",
"Exceptions include highly lignified cells, the sclerenchyma and xylem which are dead at maturity, and the phloem sieve tubes which lack nuclei.",
"While plants use many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, an alternative hypothesis is that plants set their gene expression patterns using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their developmental fate."
] |
[
0
] |
Track listing
|
It is a digital EP that contains remixes.
|
Set Fire to the Rain
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
";Digital EP — remixes",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" (Thomas Gold Remix) – ",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" (Thomas Gold Dub) – ",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" (Moto Blanco Remix) – ",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" (Moto Blanco Edit) – "
] |
[] |
Background
|
Which artist is featured in "Turn me On"?
|
Turn Me On (David Guetta song)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"",
"\"Turn Me On\" is an uptempo club song, with heavy beats and features Minaj on vocals.",
"It is the second track from ‘Nothing but the Beat’ that features Minaj, along with the single ‘Where Them Girls At.",
"Minaj sings, “Doctor doctor, need you back, call me babe / Doctor doctor, where you at, give me something / I need your love, I need your love, I need your loving / You got that kind of medicine to keep me comin.’” She raps for 10 seconds near the end of the track: “D-D-D-D-Don’t let me die young / I just want you to father my young / I just want you to be my doctor / We ‘gon get it crackin,’ chiropractor.” The song is written in the key of C minor, with a simple chord sequence of C minor-Bb major-Ab major.",
"It is written in common time with a moderate dance groove of 128 beats per minute.",
"Nicki Minaj's vocals span from G3 to E5 in the song."
] |
[] |
History
|
According to Rutherford, what happened at the meeting?
|
Proton
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
20
] |
[
"The concept of a hydrogen-like particle as a constituent of other atoms was developed over a long period.",
"As early as 1815, William Prout proposed that all atoms are composed of hydrogen atoms (which he called \"protyles\"), based on a simplistic interpretation of early values of atomic weights (see Prout's hypothesis), which was disproved when more accurate values were measured.",
"In 1886, Eugen Goldstein discovered canal rays (also known as anode rays) and showed that they were positively charged particles (ions) produced from gases.",
"However, since particles from different gases had different values of charge-to-mass ratio (e/m), they could not be identified with a single particle, unlike the negative electrons discovered by J. J. Thomson.",
"Following the discovery of the atomic nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, Antonius van den Broek proposed that the place of each element in the periodic table (its atomic number) is equal to its nuclear charge.",
"This was confirmed experimentally by Henry Moseley in 1913 using X-ray spectra.",
"In 1917, (in experiments reported in 1919) Rutherford proved that the hydrogen nucleus is present in other nuclei, a result usually described as the discovery of the proton.",
"Rutherford had earlier learned to produce hydrogen nuclei as a type of radiation produced as a product of the impact of alpha particles on hydrogen gas, and recognize them by their unique penetration signature in air and their appearance in scintillation detectors.",
"These experiments were begun when Rutherford had noticed that, when alpha particles were shot into air (mostly nitrogen), his scintillation detectors showed the signatures of typical hydrogen nuclei as a product.",
"After experimentation Rutherford traced the reaction to the nitrogen in air, and found that when alphas were produced into pure nitrogen gas, the effect was larger.",
"Rutherford determined that this hydrogen could have come only from the nitrogen, and therefore nitrogen must contain hydrogen nuclei.",
"One hydrogen nucleus was being knocked off by the impact of the alpha particle, producing oxygen-17 in the process.",
"This was the first reported nuclear reaction, 14N + α → 17O + p. (This reaction would later be observed happening directly in a cloud chamber in 1925).",
"Rutherford knew hydrogen to be the simplest and lightest element and was influenced by Prout's hypothesis that hydrogen was the building block of all elements.",
"Discovery that the hydrogen nucleus is present in all other nuclei as an elementary particle, led Rutherford to give the hydrogen nucleus a special name as a particle, since he suspected that hydrogen, the lightest element, contained only one of these particles.",
"He named this new fundamental building block of the nucleus the \"proton,\" after the neuter singular of the Greek word for \"first\", πρῶτον.",
"However, Rutherford also had in mind the word \"protyle\" as used by Prout.",
"Rutherford spoke at the British Association for the Advancement of Science at its Cardiff meeting beginning 24 August 1920.",
"Rutherford was asked by Oliver Lodge for a new name for the positive hydrogen nucleus to avoid confusion with the neutral hydrogen atom.",
"He initially suggested both \"proton\" and \"prouton\" (after Prout).",
"Rutherford later reported that the meeting had accepted his suggestion that the hydrogen nucleus be named the \"proton\", following Prout's word \"protyle\".",
"The first use of the word \"proton\" in the scientific literature appeared in 1920."
] |
[
0
] |
Usage in media
|
When did Alcott and Rice skate to the song Dancing on Ice?
|
Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
11
] |
[
"Cultural impact.",
"Usage in media.",
"\"Stronger\" was also used in various forms of media.",
"It was used in a 2011 Toyota Camry advertisement which stars Clarkson singing the song with her co-stars Chris Berman, Andrew Zimmern, and James Lipton.",
"Amber Riley, Naya Rivera, and Heather Morris performed the song on the season three episode of \"Glee\" titled \"On My Way\", which aired on February 21, 2012.",
"Raymund Flandez of \"The Wall Street Journal\" described the trio's performance as \"fine, fierce and fabulous.\"",
"Their version of \"Stronger\" debuted on the Hot 100 at number 66 on the week ending March 3, 2012 as \"What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)\".",
"The song was featured in \"Suburgatory\" and was used in advertisements promoting the second season of the USA Network series \"Fairly Legal\".",
"It was also featured in a playable piece in the Harmonix video game \"Rock Band Blitz\", \"Rock Band 3\" and \"Dance Central 3\".",
"On May 6, 2012, a video of some of the patients and hospital staff of Seattle Children's hematology oncology unit dancing to the song were uploaded in YouTube to represent their fight against cancer.",
"The video became a viral hit and has been featured by \"Time\" and CBS News.",
"On February 26, 2012, Chemmy Alcott and Sean Rice skated to the song on Dancing on Ice.",
"Maria Menounos and Derek Hough danced to the song in the fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars.",
"The instrumental version has been used as background music to the promotion and the opening theme to the 2013 MDA Show of Strength telethon."
] |
[
2
] |
Synchronized diving
|
When was synchronized diving adopted as an Olympic sport?
|
Diving
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"Synchronized diving was adopted as an Olympic sport in 2000.",
"Two divers form a team and perform dives simultaneously.",
"The dives are identical.",
"It used to be possible to dive opposites, also known as a pinwheel, but this is no longer part of competitive synchronized diving.",
"For example, one diver would perform a forward dive and the other an inward dive in the same position, or one would do a reverse and the other a back movement.",
"In these events, the diving would be judged both on the quality of execution and the synchronicity – in timing of take-off and entry, height and forward travel."
] |
[
2
] |
Title and subject
|
In modern Italian how would you spell the title?
|
Mona Lisa
| true | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"The title of the painting that is known in English as Mona Lisa stems from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote \"\"Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife\".\"",
"\"Mona\" in Italian is a polite form of address originating as \"ma donna\" —similar to \"Ma’am\", \"Madam\", or \"my lady\" in English.",
"This became \"madonna\", and its contraction \"mona\".",
"The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled \"Mona\" (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as \"Monna Lisa\", but this is rare in English.",
"Vasari's account of the \"Mona Lisa\" comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death, and which has long been the best known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter.",
"Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1525, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named \"la Gioconda\", a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo.",
"That Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume written by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero.",
"The note is dated October 1503 and was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci.",
"This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo.",
"The sitter, Lisa del Giocondo,was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany, and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo.",
"The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea.",
"The Italian name for the painting, \"La Gioconda\", means \"jocund\" (\"happy\" or \"jovial\"), or literally \"the jocund one\", a pun on the feminine form of the sitter's married name \"Giocondo\".",
"In French, the title \"La Joconde\" has the same meaning.",
"Over the years there have been several alternative views among scholars as to the subject of the painting.",
"Some have argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the \"Mona Lisa\" referred to by Vasari.",
"Several other individuals have been proposed as the subject of the painting.",
"Isabella of Aragon, Cecilia Gallerani, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla, Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, —even Salaì and Leonardo himself— are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting.",
"Currently, the consensus of art historians is that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo, which has always been the traditional view."
] |
[
5
] |
Genre
|
How did Eddie Falco describe her Nurse Jackie performance?
|
Nurse Jackie
| false | 1TV
|
[
1
] |
[
"In her acceptance speech for the Emmy for Best Actress in a Comedy series, Falco exclaimed \"I'm not funny!\"",
"Later, while speaking to the press, she expanded upon her statement and said that she too felt her performance was dramatic.",
"Several articles have since been written addressing this question, with some writers even calling for an overhaul of the Emmy categorization process as well as a \"Comedy-drama/Dramedy\" category for the awards."
] |
[
5
] |
The Speech
|
Who offered American aid to promote European recovery and reconstruction?
|
Marshall Plan
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
3
] |
[
"After the adjournment of the Moscow conference following six weeks of failed discussions with the Soviets regarding a potential German reconstruction, the United States concluded that a solution could not wait any longer.",
"To clarify the US's position, a major address by Secretary of State George Marshall was planned.",
"Marshall gave the address to the graduating class of Harvard University on June 5, 1947.",
"Standing on the steps of Memorial Church in Harvard Yard, he offered American aid to promote European recovery and reconstruction.",
"The speech described the dysfunction of the European economy and presented a rationale for US aid.",
"The modern system of the division of labor upon which the exchange of products is based is in danger of breaking down.",
".",
".",
".",
"Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances arising as a result of the desperation of the people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United States should be apparent to all.",
"It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health to the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace.",
"Our policy is not directed against any country, but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos.",
"Any government that is willing to assist in recovery will find full co-operation on the part of the USA.",
"Its purpose should be the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist.",
"Marshall was convinced that economic stability would provide political stability in Europe.",
"He offered aid, but the European countries had to organize the program themselves.",
"The speech, written by Charles Bohlen, contained virtually no details and no numbers.",
"More a proposal than a plan, it was presented vaguely and made little impact in America.",
"Eight weeks after the Harvard speech, the State Department wrote in a confidential memorandum that \"The Marshall Plan has been compared to a flying saucer — nobody knows what it looks like, how big it is, in what direction it is moving, or whether it really exists.\"",
"The most important element of the speech was the call for the Europeans to meet and create their own plan for rebuilding Europe, and that the United States would then fund this plan.",
"The administration felt that the plan would likely be unpopular among many Americans, and the speech was mainly directed at a European audience.",
"In an attempt to keep the speech out of American papers journalists were not contacted, and on the same day Truman called a press conference to take away headlines.",
"In contrast, Dean Acheson, an Under Secretary of State, was dispatched to contact the European media, especially the British media, and the speech was read in its entirety on the BBC."
] |
[
3
] |
Background and release
|
When was the song "As Long as You Love Me" released?
|
As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
17
] |
[
"In late 2011, Bieber confirmed to radio network Capital FM that he was recording material for his third studio album, which was originally going to be released in early 2012.",
"He later spoke to MTV News and revealed that \"Believe\" would surprise people in different ways, since it musically is a departure from his previous works.",
"While Bieber has said that he wants his next release to recall Justin Timberlake's Future Sex/Love Sounds sonically, in an interview with V magazine, he noted that what he'll be singing is a bit more PG than the topics Timberlake covered on that album.",
"\"I'm not going to try to conform to what people want me to be or go out there and start partying, have people see me with alcohol.",
"I want to do it at my own pace.",
"I don't want to start singing about things like sex, drugs and swearing.",
"I'm into love, and maybe I'll get more into making love when I'm older.",
"But I want to be someone who is respected by everybody.",
"\"After releasing \"Boyfriend\" as the lead single, Bieber announced that he will release promotional singles to promote \"Believe\".",
"The first promotional single \"Die in Your Arms\" was released to iTunes on May 29, 2012.",
"The second \"All Around The World\" was released on iTunes on June 4, 2012.",
"\"As Long as You Love Me\" was released on June 11, 2012, as the third and final promotional single.",
"The cover art for \"As Long as You Love Me\" shows Bieber perched on a wooden bed, holding an acoustic guitar.",
"Sia Nicole of \"Idolator expressed dissatisfaction with the cover, saying \"It’s false advertising for the high-fidelity track that has nary a strum within earshot.\"",
"On June 13, Bieber shared a clip of the recording process for \"As Long As You Love Me.\"",
"The video shows Bieber with his signature swooped bangs, in the studio recording and laying down the vocals on the song.",
"A slightly shorter version of the song, without Big Sean's rap verse, with Bieber singing new lines, known as the 'international version' appeared online in August, 2012.",
"It was released in full quality October 23, 2012."
] |
[
2
] |
Overview
|
How many arcs is the series divided into?
|
Pretty Little Liars
| false | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
"The series is loosely divided into three arcs of four to five books each, chronicling the introduction and reveal of each \"A\".",
"The series follows the lives of four teenage girls — whose names are mentioned above (nicknamed \"the Pretty Little Liars\" or simply \"the Liars\") — whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their best friend, Alison DiLaurentis.",
"Three years after her disappearance, they begin receiving text messages from an anonymous source, \"A,\" who threatens to expose their secrets; including long-hidden ones they thought only their close friend Alison knew.",
"But shortly after the messages begin, Alison's body is discovered.",
"The books progress with the four girls trying to figure out the identity of \"A\"."
] |
[
5
] |
Impact of the dissolution of the USSR on historical research
|
Why was it possible to re-examine the October Revolution?
|
October Revolution
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"The dissolution of the USSR had an impact on historical interpretations of the October Revolution.",
"Since 1991, increasing access to large amounts of Soviet archival materials made it possible to re‑examine the October Revolution.",
"Though both Western and Russian historians now have access to many of these archives, the impact of the dissolution of the USSR can be seen most clearly in the work of historians in the former USSR.",
"While the disintegration essentially helped solidify the Western and Revisionist views, post-USSR Russian historians largely repudiated the former Soviet historical interpretation of the Revolution.",
"In other words, the established Soviet view of the October Revolution has been challenged, and consequently “Russian historians’ outlook has come closer to that of their Western conferes.” As Stephen Kotkin argues, 1991 prompted “a return to political history and the apparent resurrection of totalitarianism, the interpretive view that, in different ways…revisionists sought to bury”.",
"In other words, after 1991, there has been the revival among some historians of the “continuity thesis”, the idea that there was an uncomplicated, natural evolution from the October Revolution’s organizational structure to Stalin’s Gulags."
] |
[
1
] |
Environment
|
What was a weakness of South Korea's first 20 years of growth?
|
South Korea
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"During the first 20 years of South Korea's growth surge, little effort was made to preserve the environment.",
"Unchecked industrialization and urban development have resulted in deforestation and the ongoing destruction of wetlands such as the Songdo Tidal Flat.",
"However, there have been recent efforts to balance these problems, including a government run five-year green growth project that aims to boost energy efficiency and green technology.",
"The green-based economic strategy is a comprehensive overhaul of South Korea's economy, utilizing nearly two percent of the national GDP.",
"The greening initiative includes such efforts as a nationwide bike network, solar and wind energy, lowering oil dependent vehicles, backing daylight savings and extensive usage of environmentally friendly technologies such as LEDs in electronics and lighting.",
"The country – already the world's most wired – plans to build a nationwide next-generation network which will be 10 times faster than broadband facilities in order to reduce energy usage.",
"The renewable portfolio standard program with renewable energy certificates runs from 2012 to 2022.",
"Quota systems favor large, vertically integrated generators and multinational electric utilities, if only because certificates are generally denominated in units of one megawatt-hour.",
"They are also more difficult to design and implement than an a Feed-in tariff.",
"Lauber, V. (2004).",
"\"REFIT and RPS: Options for a harmonized Community framework,\" Energy Policy, Vol.",
"32, Issue 12, pp.1405–1414.",
"Lauber, V. (2008).",
"\"Certificate Trading – Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem?",
"\"Ljubljana Conference on the Future of GHG Emissions Trading in the EU, March 2008.",
"Salzburg, Austria: University of Salzburg.",
"Retrieved 16 March 2009 at: www.uni-salzburg.at/politikwissenschaft/lauber</ref> Around 350 residential micro combined heat and power units where installed in 2012.",
"Seoul's tap water recently became safe to drink, with city officials branding it \"Arisu\" in a bid to convince the public.",
"Efforts have also been made with afforestation projects.",
"Another multi-billion dollar project was the restoration of Cheonggyecheon, a stream running through downtown Seoul that had earlier been paved over by a motorway.",
"One major challenge is air quality, with acid rain, sulfur oxides, and annual yellow dust storms being particular problems.",
"It is acknowledged that many of these difficulties are a result of South Korea's proximity to China, which is a major air polluter.",
"South Korea is a member of the Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity Treaty, Kyoto Protocol (forming the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG), regarding UNFCCC, with Mexico and Switzerland), Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (not into force), Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, and Whaling."
] |
[
0
] |
Production
|
What inspired the film "Inside Llewyn Davis"?
|
Inside Llewyn Davis
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"Set in 1961, \"Inside Llewyn Davis\" was inspired by the cultural disconnection within a New York–based music scene where the songs seemed to come from all parts of the United States except New York, but whose performers included Brooklyn-born Dave Van Ronk and Ramblin' Jack Elliott.",
"Well before writing the script, the Coens began with a single premise: suppose Van Ronk got beat up outside of Gerde's Folk City in the Village.",
"The filmmakers employed that idea in the opening scenes, then periodically returned to the project over the next couple of years to expand the story around a fictional character.",
"One source for the film was Van Ronk's posthumously published (2005) memoir, \"The Mayor of MacDougal Street.\"",
"According to the book's co-author, Elijah Wald, the Coens mined the work \"for local color and a few scenes.\"",
"The character is a composite of Van Ronk, Elliot, and other performers from the New York boroughs who performed in the Village at that time.",
"Joel Coen remarked that \"the film doesn't really have a plot.",
"That concerned us at one point; that's why we threw the cat in.",
"\"Shooting was complicated by an early New York spring, which interfered with the bleak winter atmosphere that prevails throughout the film, and by the difficulty of filming several cats, who, unlike dogs, ignore the desires of filmmakers.",
"On the advice of an animal trainer, the Coens put out a casting call for an orange tabby cat, which is sufficiently common that several cats would be available to play one part.",
"Individual cats were then selected for each scene based on what they were predisposed to do on their own.",
"Producer Scott Rudin, who worked with the Coens on \"True Grit\" and \"No Country for Old Men\", collaborated on the project.",
"StudioCanal helped finance it without an American distributor in place.",
"\"After shooting in New York City and elsewhere last year...the brothers finished the movie at their own pace\", wrote Michael Cieply in a January 2013 \"The New York Times\" interview with Joel Coen ahead of a private, pre-Grammys screening in Los Angeles.",
"\"They could have rushed it into the Oscar season but didn’t.\"",
"On February 19, CBS Films announced it had picked up the U.S. domestic distribution rights for about $4 million.",
"StudioCanal has rights to international distribution and foreign sales."
] |
[
0
] |
U.S. standard ratings
|
What was the viewership of the "The Big Bang Theory" third season premire?
|
The Big Bang Theory
| true | 1TV
|
[
2
] |
[
"",
"\"The Big Bang Theory\" has been highly rated since its premiere.",
"When the third season premiered on September 21, 2009, \"The Big Bang Theory\" ranked as CBS's highest-rated show of that evening in the adults 18–49 demographic (4.6/10) along with a then-series-high 12.83 million viewers.",
"After the first three seasons aired at different times on Monday nights, CBS moved the show to Thursdays at 8:00 ET for the 2010–2011 schedule, to be in direct competition with NBC's Comedy Block.",
"During its fourth season, it became television's highest rated comedy, just barely beating out eight-year champ \"Two and a Half Men\".",
"However, in the age 18–49 demographic (the show's target age range), it was the second highest rated comedy, behind ABC's \"Modern Family\".",
"The fifth season opened with viewing figures of over 14 million.",
"The sixth season boasts some of the highest-rated episodes for the show so far, with a then-new series high set with \"The Bakersfield Expedition\" (Season 6, Episode 13), with 20 million viewers, a first for the series, which along with \"NCIS\", made CBS the first network to have two scripted series reach that large an audience in the same week since 2007.",
"In the sixth season, the show became the highest rated and viewed scripted show in the 18–49 demographic, trailing only \"NBC's Sunday Night Football\" coverage, and was third in total viewers, trailing \"NCIS\" and \"Sunday Night Football\".",
"Season seven of the show opened strong, continuing the success gained in season six, with the second episode of the premiere, \"The Deception Verification\", setting the new series high in viewers with 20.44 million.",
"Showrunner Steve Molaro, who took over from Bill Prady with the sixth season, credits some of the show's success to the sitcom's exposure in off-network syndication, particularly on TBS, while Michael Schneider of \"TV Guide\" attributes it to the timeslot move two seasons earlier.",
"Chuck Lorre and CBS Entertainment president Nina Tassler also credit the success to the influence of Molaro, in particular the deepening exploration of the firmly established regular characters and their interpersonal relationships, such as the on-again, off-again relationship between Leonard and Penny.",
"Throughout much of the 2012–13 season, \"The Big Bang Theory\" placed first in all of syndication ratings, receiving formidable competition from only \"Judge Judy\" and \"Wheel of Fortune\" (first-run syndication programs).",
"By the end of the 2012–13 television season, \"The Big Bang Theory\" had dethroned \"Judge Judy\" as the ratings leader in all of syndicated programming with 7.1, \"Judy\" descending to second place for that season with a 7.0."
] |
[
0
] |
No clock to kill
|
How long was the average American League game in 1997?
|
Baseball
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
8
] |
[
"In clock-limited sports, games often end with a team that holds the lead killing the clock rather than competing aggressively against the opposing team.",
"In contrast, baseball has no clock; a team cannot win without getting the last batter out and rallies are not constrained by time.",
"At almost any turn in any baseball game, the most advantageous strategy is some form of aggressive strategy.",
"In contrast, again, the clock comes into play even in the case of multi-day Test and first-class cricket: the possibility of a draw often encourages a team that is batting last and well behind to bat defensively, giving up any faint chance at a win to avoid a loss.",
"Baseball offers no such reward for conservative batting.",
"While nine innings has been the standard since the beginning of professional baseball, the duration of the average major league game has increased steadily through the years.",
"At the turn of the 20th century, games typically took an hour and a half to play.",
"In the 1920s, they averaged just less than two hours, which eventually ballooned to 2:38 in 1960.",
"By 1997, the average American League game lasted 2:57 (National League games were about 10 minutes shorter—pitchers at the plate making for quicker outs than designated hitters).",
"In 2004, Major League Baseball declared that its goal was an average game of merely 2:45.",
"The lengthening of games is attributed to longer breaks between half-innings for television commercials, increased offense, more pitching changes, and a slower pace of play with pitchers taking more time between each delivery, and batters stepping out of the box more frequently.",
"Other leagues have experienced similar issues.",
"In 2008, Nippon Professional Baseball took steps aimed at shortening games by 12 minutes from the preceding decade's average of 3:18."
] |
[
5
] |
Track listing
|
How long was the original album version of "Sexy and I Know It"?
|
Sexy and I Know It
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
";CD single",
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" (album version) – 3:19",
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" (Mord Fustang) – 5:21",
";Digital download",
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" (Audiobot Remix) – 5:55",
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" (Mord Fustang) – 5:19",
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" (Tomba and Borgore Remix) – 3:41",
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" (LA Riots Remix) – 5:40",
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" (DallasK Remix) – 5:42",
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" (Fuego's Moombahton Remix) – 3:51",
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" (MADEin82 Remix) – 6:01"
] |
[
5
] |
Institution of the Eucharist
|
Who allegedly instituted The Eucharist?
|
Last Supper
| true | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"The Eucharist, which \"is recorded as celebrated by the early Christian community at Jerusalem and by St. Paul on his visit to Troas\", is held to have been instituted by Christ.",
"The institution of the Lord's Supper is recorded in the three Synoptic Gospels and in Paul's first epistle to the Corinthians.",
"The words of institution differ slightly in each account, reflecting a Marcan tradition (upon which Matthew is based) and a Pauline tradition (upon which Luke is based).",
"In addition, is a disputed text which does not appear in some of the early manuscripts of Luke.",
"Some scholars, therefore, believe that it is an interpolation, while others have argued that it is original.",
"A comparison of the accounts given in the Gospels and 1 Corinthians is shown in the table below, with text from the ASV.",
"The disputed text from Luke 22:19b-20 is in italics.",
"Jesus' actions in sharing the bread and wine have been linked with which refers to a blood sacrifice that, as recounted in , Moses offered in order to seal a covenant with God.",
"Scholars often interpret the description of Jesus' action as asking his disciples to consider themselves part of a sacrifice, where Jesus is the one due to physically undergo it.",
"Although the Gospel of John does not include a description of the bread and wine ritual during the Last Supper, most scholars agree that (the Bread of Life Discourse) has a Eucharistic nature and resonates with the \"words of institution\" used in the Synoptic Gospels and the Pauline writings on the Last Supper."
] |
[
3
] |
Abstract
|
What is the Doctor's ship called?
|
Doctor Who
| true | 1TV
|
[
2
] |
[
"Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC.",
"The programme depicts the adventures of the Doctor, a Time Lord—a time-travelling humanoid alien.",
"He explores the universe in his TARDIS, a sentient time-travelling space ship.",
"Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired.",
"Along with a succession of companions, the Doctor faces a variety of foes while working to save civilisations, help ordinary people, and right wrongs.",
"The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005–2010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies's tenure as executive producer.",
"In 2011, Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor.",
"In 2013, the Peabody Awards honoured \"Doctor Who\" with an Institutional Peabody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe.\"",
"The programme is listed in \"Guinness World Records\" as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world, the \"most successful\" science fiction series of all time—based on its over-all broadcast ratings, DVD and book sales, and iTunes traffic— and for the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama with its 50th anniversary special.",
"During its original run, it was recognised for its imaginative stories, creative low-budget special effects, and pioneering use of electronic music (originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop).",
"The show is a significant part of British popular culture,</ref> and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite.",
"The show has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series.",
"The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989.",
"After an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot in the form of a television film, the programme was relaunched in 2005 by Russell T Davies who was showrunner and head writer for the first five years of its revival, produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff.",
"The first series of the 21st century, featuring Christopher Eccleston in the title role, was produced by the BBC.",
"Series two and three had some development money contributed by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), which was credited as a co-producer.",
"\"Doctor Who\" also spawned spin-offs in multiple media, including \"Torchwood\" (2006–11) and \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" (2007–11), both created by Russell T Davies; \"K-9\" (2009–10); and a single pilot episode of \"K-9 and Company\" (1981).",
"There also have been many spoofs and cultural references of the character in other media.",
"Eleven actors have headlined the series as the Doctor.",
"The transition from one actor to another, and the differing approach to the role that they bring, is written into the plot of the show as regeneration into a new incarnation, a life process of Time Lords through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and, to some extent, new personality, which occurs after sustaining injury which would be fatal to most other species.",
"While each actor's portrayal differs, they are all intended to be aspects of the same character, and form part of the same storyline.",
"The time-travelling nature of the plot means that on occasion, story arcs have involved different Doctors meeting each other.",
"The Doctor is currently portrayed by Peter Capaldi, who took on the role after Matt Smith's final appearance in the 2013 Christmas special \"The Time of the Doctor\"."
] |
[
0
] |
The political left
|
When was the Sparctacist uprsing?
|
The Holocaust
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
6
] |
[
"German communists, socialists and trade unionists were among the earliest domestic opponents of Nazism and were also among the first to be sent to concentration camps.",
"Hitler claimed that communism was a Jewish ideology which the Nazis termed \"Judeo-Bolshevism\".",
"Fear of communist agitation was used as justification for the Enabling Act of 1933, the law which gave Hitler his original dictatorial powers.",
"Hermann Göring later testified at the Nuremberg Trials that the Nazis' willingness to repress German communists prompted president Paul von Hindenburg and the German elite to cooperate with the Nazis.",
"MI6 assisted the Gestapo via \"the exchange of information about Communism\", and, as late as October 1937, the head of the British agency's Berlin station, Frank Foley, described his relationship with Heinrich Müller's so-called communism expert as \"cordial\".",
"Hitler and the Nazis also hated German leftists because of their resistance to the party's racism.",
"Many leaders of German leftist groups were Jews, and Jews were especially prominent among the leaders of the Spartacist uprising in 1919.",
"Hitler already referred to Marxism and \"Bolshevism\" as a means of \"the international Jew\" to undermine \"racial purity\" and survival of the Nordics or Aryans, as well as to stir up socioeconomic class tension and labor unions against the government or state-owned businesses.",
"Within the concentration camps such as Buchenwald, German communists were privileged in comparison to Jews because of their \"racial purity\".",
"Whenever the Nazis occupied a new territory, members of communist, socialist, or anarchist groups were normally to be the first persons detained or executed.",
"Evidence of this is found in Hitler's infamous Commissar Order, in which he ordered the summary execution of all political commissars captured among Soviet soldiers, as well as the execution of all Communist Party members in German-held territory.",
"\"Einsatzgruppen\" carried out these executions in the east.",
"Nacht und Nebel (\"Night and Fog\") was a directive () of Hitler on 7 December 1941 signed and implemented by Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces Wilhelm Keitel, resulting in kidnapping and the disappearance of many political activists throughout Nazi Germany's occupied territories."
] |
[
2
] |
Gravitational time dilation and frequency shift
|
If the equivalence principle holds, what does gravity influence?
|
General relativity
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"Assuming that the equivalence principle holds, gravity influences the passage of time.",
"Light sent down into a gravity well is blueshifted, whereas light sent in the opposite direction (i.e., climbing out of the gravity well) is redshifted; collectively, these two effects are known as the gravitational frequency shift.",
"More generally, processes close to a massive body run more slowly when compared with processes taking place farther away; this effect is known as gravitational time dilation.",
"Gravitational redshift has been measured in the laboratory and using astronomical observations.",
"Gravitational time dilation in the Earth's gravitational field has been measured numerous times using atomic clocks, while ongoing validation is provided as a side effect of the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS).",
"Tests in stronger gravitational fields are provided by the observation of binary pulsars.",
"All results are in agreement with general relativity.",
"However, at the current level of accuracy, these observations cannot distinguish between general relativity and other theories in which the equivalence principle is valid."
] |
[
0
] |
The "Repetitions", January 1889
|
What was added to the Amsterdam version?
|
Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)
| false | 3ART
|
[
1
] |
[
"Both \"repetitions\" of the 4th version are no longer in their original state.",
"In the Amsterdam version a strip of wood was added at the top—probably by Van Gogh himself.",
"The Tokyo version, however, was enlarged on all sides with strips of canvas, which were added at a later time—presumably by the first owner, Emile Schuffenecker.",
"The series is perhaps his best known and most widely reproduced.",
"In recent years, there has been debate regarding the authenticity of one of the paintings, and it has been suggested that this version may have been the work of Émile Schuffenecker or of Paul Gauguin.",
"Most experts, however, conclude that the work is genuine."
] |
[
0
] |
Mythology
|
What is a symbol of the sun in Near Eastern civilizations?
|
Great Sphinx of Giza
| false | 3ART
|
[
2
] |
[
"Colin Reader has proposed that the Sphinx was probably the focus of solar worship in the Early Dynastic Period, before the Giza Plateau became a necropolis in the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2134 BC).",
"He ties this in with his conclusions that the Sphinx, the Sphinx temple, the Causeway and the Khafra mortuary temple are all part of a complex which predates Dynasty IV (c. 2613–2494 BC).",
"The lion has long been a symbol associated with the sun in ancient Near Eastern civilizations.",
"Images depicting the Egyptian king in the form of a lion smiting his enemies date as far back as the Early Dynastic Period.",
"In the New Kingdom, the Sphinx became more specifically associated with the god \"Hor-em-akhet\" (Hellenized: \"Harmachis\") or Horus at the Horizon, which represented the pharaoh in his role as the \"Shesep-ankh\" (English: \"Living Image\") of the god Atum.",
"Pharaoh Amenhotep II (1427–1401 or 1397 BC) built a temple to the north east of the Sphinx nearly 1000 years after its construction, and dedicated it to the cult of \"Hor-em-akhet\"."
] |
[
0
] |
The flights
|
When did Wilbur die?
|
Wright Brothers flights of 1909
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
24
] |
[
"Another acclaimed aviator, Glenn Curtiss, had agreed to participate.",
"Curtiss had recently set the world flight speed record in France, and the Wrights had just filed suit against him for patent infringement of their control systems.",
"The public's anticipation was fueled by news of the patent disputes.",
"These flights would be a showdown between the two fliers.",
"They were both scheduled to make a series of flights from Governors Island in New York harbor.",
"On September 29, Wilbur took off at 9:15 AM in windy conditions.",
"Curtiss felt his airplane could not handle the winds and he declined to fly.",
"When Curtiss admitted defeat to the wind, Wilbur is supposed to have said to him, 'It looks pretty good.",
"I think I will take a little spin in a few minutes.'",
"He flew for about two miles, which took a little longer than seven minutes.",
"Later that day Wilbur took off again, at 10:18 AM.",
"He flew over the ocean-liner RMS Lusitania and a flotilla of other watercraft on hand for the Hudson-Fulton celebration, many blowing their horns and tooting their whistles when the Flyer appeared overhead.",
"As Wilbur flew toward the Statue of Liberty, many onlookers feared he would crash into it, but he skillfully circled the statue as planned.",
"This flight caused a sensation in the press and became an iconic event, despite lasting less than five minutes.",
"Still unable to fly in the gusty weather, Curtiss had to depart for St. Louis due to a prior agreement.",
"He was supposed to have flown up the Hudson River for several miles and returned to Governors Island.",
"On Monday, October 4, Wilbur took off at 9:53 AM.",
"He flew north over the Hudson along the west shore of Manhattan, passing Grant's Tomb, then returned by the same route, finishing the 21 mile, 33-minute flight with a safe landing on Governor's Island.",
"As many as a million people witnessed the flight.",
"This was the exact flight that Curtiss had been unable to make.",
"Before the flight, Wilbur attached a red canoe to the bottom of the airplane as a safety precaution in case of an emergency landing in the water.",
"He reasoned that he could use the canoe to float himself to safety.",
"A blown engine cylinder that afternoon prevented any more flights.",
"This series of flights marked Wilbur's last flying before a public audience.",
"After Wilbur's death in 1912, Orville put the canoe in Hawthorn Hill, his estate in Oakwood, Ohio, as a memento.",
"This first airborne canoe was later moved to Carillon Historical Park in Ohio and exhibited in a room adjacent to the Wright Flyer III in Wright Hall.",
"The flight around the Statue of Liberty was duplicated on May 26, 2003 by the Dayton 'Wright B Flyer, Inc.' group, with a replica of the Wright airplane as a part of the celebrations of the anniversary of the Wright brothers' first flight."
] |
[
2
] |
Original theatrical run
|
In 1994 what was the highest-grossing film in North America?
|
The Lion King
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
8
] |
[
"",
"\"The Lion King\" had a limited release in North America on June 15, 1994, playing in only two theaters, El Capitan Theater in Los Angeles and Radio City Music Hall in New York City.",
"It still earned $1,586,753 across the weekend of June 17–19, standing at the tenth place of the box office ranking.",
"The average of $793,377 per theater stands as the largest ever achieved during a weekend.",
"The wide release followed on June 24, 1994, in 2,550 screens.",
"The digital surround sound of the film led many of those theater to implement Dolby Laboratories' newest sound systems.",
"\"The Lion King\" grossed $40.9 million – which at the time was the fourth biggest opening weekend earning ever and the highest sum for a Disney film – to top the weekend box office.",
"It also earned a rare \"A+\" rating from CinemaScore.",
"By the end of its theatrical run, in spring 1995, it had earned $312,855,561, being the second-highest-grossing 1994 film in North America behind \"Forrest Gump\".",
"Outside North America, it earned $455.8 million during its initial run, for a worldwide total of $768.6 million."
] |
[
0
] |
Top 10 Lists
|
Who from the NY Times put the film on their top 10 list?
|
Enough Said (film)
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
6
] |
[
"Many top critics have listed the film among their 10 best of the year.",
" Bill Goodykoontz, \"Arizona Republic\": 6th",
" Chris Nashawaty, \"Entertainment Weekly\": 6th",
" David Sexton, \"Evening Standard\" (London): 7th",
" Brian Johnson, \"Maclean's\": 8th",
" Connie Ogle, \"Miami Herald\": 5th",
" A. O. Scott, \"New York Times\": 4th",
" Steven Rea, \"Philadelphia Inquirer\": Top 10",
" Moira MacDonald, \"Seattle Times\": Top 10",
" Dana Stevens, \"Slate\": Top 10",
" Anne Thompson, \"Thompson on Hollywood\": 8th",
" Mara Reinstein, \"Us Weekly\": 4th",
" Claudia Puig, \"USA Today\": Top 10",
" Richard Lawson, \"Vanity Fair\": 8th",
" Ann Hornday, \"Washington Post\": 4th"
] |
[
3
] |
Abstract
|
What year was the Boston Tea Party?
|
Boston Tea Party
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"The Boston Tea Party (initially referred to by John Adams as \"the Destruction of the Tea in Boston\") was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16, 1773.",
"Disguised as American Indians, the demonstrators destroyed an entire shipment of tea, which had been sent by the East India Company, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773.",
"They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor, ruining the tea.",
"The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution.",
"The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and other political protests such as the Tea Party movement after 2010 explicitly refer to it.",
"The Tea Party was the culmination of a resistance movement throughout British America against the Tea Act, which had been passed by the British Parliament in 1773.",
"Colonists objected to the Tea Act because they believed that it violated their rights as Englishmen to \"No taxation without representation,\" that is, be taxed only by their own elected representatives and not by a British parliament in which they were not represented.",
"Protesters had successfully prevented the unloading of taxed tea in three other colonies, but in Boston, embattled Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused to allow the tea to be returned to Britain.",
"The Boston Tea Party was a key event in the growth of the American Revolution.",
"Parliament responded in 1774 with the Coercive Acts, or Intolerable Acts, which, among other provisions, ended local self-government in Massachusetts and closed Boston's commerce.",
"Colonists up and down the Thirteen Colonies in turn responded to the Coercive Acts with additional acts of protest, and by convening the First Continental Congress, which petitioned the British monarch for repeal of the acts and coordinated colonial resistance to them.",
"The crisis escalated, and the American Revolutionary War began near Boston in 1775."
] |
[
0
] |
Critical reception
|
Was Jiro Dreams of Sushi well received by critics and the public?
|
Jiro Dreams of Sushi
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0,
1
] |
[
"The film received very positive reviews from critics.",
"The film earned a rating of 99% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 70 reviews and an average rating of 7.8/10, with the critical consensus saying, \"Beautiful, thoughtful, and engrossing, \"Jiro Dreams of Sushi\" should prove satisfying even for filmgoers who don't care for the cuisine.\"",
"It has a score of 77 on Metacritic based on 26 reviews.",
"Roger Ebert called it a \"portrait of tunnel vision\" and concluded:\"While watching it, I found myself drawn into the mystery of this man.",
"Are there any unrealized wishes in his life?",
"Secret diversions?",
"Regrets?",
"If you find an occupation you love and spend your entire life working at it, is that enough?",
"Standing behind his counter, Jiro notices things.",
"Some customers are left-handed, some right-handed.",
"That helps determine where they are seated at his counter.",
"As he serves a perfect piece of sushi, he observes it being eaten.",
"He knows the history of that piece of seafood.",
"He knows his staff has recently started massaging an octopus for 45 minutes and not half an hour, for example.",
"Does he search a customer's eyes for a signal that this change has been an improvement?",
"Half an hour of massage was good enough to win three Michelin stars.",
"You realize the tragedy of Jiro Ono's life is that there are not, and will never be, four stars.\""
] |
[] |
1900s–1970s
|
When was "Time Square" named?
|
Times Square
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
1
] |
[
"In 1904, \"New York Times\" publisher Adolph S. Ochs moved the newspaper's operations to a new skyscraper on 42nd Street at Longacre Square.",
"Ochs persuaded Mayor George B. McClellan, Jr. to construct a subway station there, and the area was renamed \"Times Square\" on April 8, 1904.",
"Just three weeks later, the first electrified advertisement appeared on the side of a bank at the corner of 46th Street and Broadway.",
"\"The New York Times\", according to Nolan, moved to more spacious offices west of the square in 1913.",
"The old Times Building was later named the Allied Chemical Building.",
"Now known simply as One Times Square, it is famed for the Times Square Ball drop on its roof every New Year's Eve.",
"In 1913, the Lincoln Highway Association, headed by entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher, chose the intersection of 42nd Street and Broadway, at the southeast corner of Times Square, to be the Eastern Terminus of the Lincoln Highway, the first road across the United States, which originally spanned coast-to-coast through 13 states to its Western Terminus in Lincoln Park in San Francisco, California.",
"As the growth in New York City continued, Times Square quickly became a cultural hub full of theaters, music halls, and upscale hotels.",
"Celebrities such as Irving Berlin, Fred Astaire, and Charlie Chaplin were closely associated with Times Square in the 1910s and 1920s.",
"During this period, the area was nicknamed \"The Tenderloin\" because it was supposedly the most desirable location in Manhattan.",
"However, it was during this period that the area was besieged by crime and corruption, in the form of gambling and prostitution; one case that garnered huge attention was the arrest and subsequent execution of police officer Charles Becker.",
"The general atmosphere changed with the onset of the Great Depression in the 1930s.",
"Times Square acquired a reputation as a dangerous neighborhood in the following decades.",
"From the 1960s to the early 1990s, the seediness of the area, especially due its go-go bars, sex shops, and adult theaters, became an infamous symbol of the city's decline."
] |
[
2
] |
Hellenistic and Roman periods (323 BC–4th century AD)
|
When did Rome annex Macedonia?
|
Greece
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
4
] |
[
"Hellenistic and Roman periods (323 BC–4th century AD).",
"After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon by 276 BC, as well as hegemony over most of the Greek city-states.",
"From about 200 BC the Roman Republic became increasingly involved in Greek affairs and engaged in a series of wars with Macedon.",
"Macedon's defeat at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC signaled the end of Antigonid power in Greece.",
"In 146 BC Macedonia was annexed as a province by Rome, and the rest of Greece became a Roman protectorate.",
"The process was completed in 27 BC when the Roman Emperor Augustus annexed the rest of Greece and constituted it as the senatorial province of Achaea.",
"Despite their military superiority, the Romans admired and became heavily influenced by the achievements of Greek culture, hence Horace's famous statement: \"Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit\" (\"Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive\").",
"Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.",
"Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece.",
"Greece itself had a tendency to cling on to paganism and was not one of the influential centers of early Christianity: in fact, some ancient Greek religious practices remained in vogue until the end of the 4th century, with some areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remaining pagan until well into the 10th century AD."
] |
[
2
] |
Strained yogurt
|
what is strained yogurt strained through?
|
Yogurt
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"Strained yogurt is yogurt which has been strained through a paper or cloth filter, traditionally made of muslin., to remove the whey, giving a much thicker consistency and a distinctive, slightly tangy taste.",
"Strained yogurt is becoming more popular with those who make yogurt at home, especially if using skim milk which results in a thinner consistency.",
"Once yogurt is made and refrigerated overnight, it is poured in a muslin or cheesecloth bag and hung in the coolest place in the house, with a tub placed underneath to collect the dripping whey.",
"In cold weather a single day (or night) of straining is sufficient.",
"In higher ambient temperatures yogurt will spoil rapidly, therefore it had best be actively squeezed or strained until about a third or more of its initial weight has run off.",
"The remainder is now strained and is refrigerated again.",
"Labneh is a strained yogurt used for sandwiches popular in Arab countries.",
"Olive oil, cucumber slices, olives, and various green herbs may be added.",
"It can be thickened further and rolled into balls, preserved in olive oil, and fermented for a few more weeks.",
"It is sometimes used with onions, meat, and nuts as a stuffing for a variety of pies or kebbeh (كبة) balls.",
"Some types of strained yogurts are boiled in open vats first, so that the liquid content is reduced.",
"The popular East Indian dessert, a variation of traditional dahi called mishti dahi, offers a thicker, more custard-like consistency, and is usually sweeter than western yogurts.",
"Strained yogurt is also enjoyed in Greece and is the main component of \"tzatziki\" (from Turkish \"cacık\"), a well-known accompaniment to gyros and souvlaki pita sandwiches: it is a yogurt sauce or dip made with the addition of grated cucumber, olive oil, salt and, optionally, mashed garlic.",
"Srikhand, a popular dessert in India, is made from strained yogurt, saffron, cardamom, nutmeg and sugar and sometimes fruits such as mango or pineapple.",
"In North America and Britain, strained yogurt is commonly called \"Greek yogurt\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Sport
|
Who hosted the 1962 Commonwealth Games?
|
Australia
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
10
] |
[
"Approximately 24% of Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organised sporting activities.",
"Australia has strong international teams in cricket, field hockey, netball, rugby league, and rugby union, having been Olympic or world champions at least twice in each sport in the last 25 years for both men and women where applicable.",
"Australia is also powerful in track cycling, rowing, and swimming, having consistently been in the top-five medal-winners at Olympic or World Championship level since 2000.",
"Swimming is the strongest of these sports; Australia is the second-most prolific medal winner in the sport in Olympic history.",
"Some of Australia's most internationally well-known and successful sportspeople are swimmers Dawn Fraser, Murray Rose, Shane Gould, and Ian Thorpe; sprinters Shirley Strickland, Betty Cuthbert, and Cathy Freeman; tennis players Rod Laver, Roy Emerson, Ken Rosewall, Evonne Goolagong, and Margaret Court; cricketers Donald Bradman and Shane Warne; three-time Formula One world champion Jack Brabham; five-time motorcycle grand prix world champion Mick Doohan; golfers Greg Norman and Karrie Webb; cyclist Hubert Opperman, prodigious billiards player Walter Lindrum and basketball players Andrew Bogut and Lauren Jackson.",
"Nationally, other popular sports include Australian rules football, horse racing, squash, surfing, soccer, and motor racing.",
"The annual Melbourne Cup horse race and the Sydney to Hobart yacht race attract intense interest.",
"Australia has participated in every summer Olympics of the modern era, and every Commonwealth Games.",
"Australia hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and ranked among the top six medal-takers for the games of 2000, 2004 and 2008.",
"In the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Australia was placed 10th in the medal table.",
"Australia has also hosted the 1938, 1962, 1982, 2006 Commonwealth Games and will host the 2018 Commonwealth Games.",
"Other major international events held in Australia include the Australian Open tennis grand slam tournament, international cricket matches, and the Australian Formula One Grand Prix.",
"Australia hosted the 2003 Rugby World Cup and the annual Australia–New Zealand Bledisloe Cup is keenly watched.",
"The highest-rating television programs include sports telecasts such as the summer Olympics, FIFA World Cup, Rugby League State of Origin, and the grand finals of the National Rugby League and Australian Football League.",
"Skiing in Australia began in the 1860s and snow sports take place in the Australian Alps and parts of Tasmania."
] |
[
3
] |
Inquiries
|
At what point was the British inquiry over?
|
Sinking of the RMS Titanic
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"In the aftermath of the sinking, public inquiries were set up in Britain and the United States.",
"The US inquiry began on 19 April under the chairmanship of Senator William Alden Smith, while the British inquiry commenced in London under Lord Mersey on 2 May 1912.",
"They reached broadly similar conclusions: the regulations on the number of lifeboats that ships had to carry were out of date and inadequate; Captain Smith had failed to take proper heed of ice warnings; the lifeboats had not been properly filled or crewed; and the collision was the direct result of steaming into a danger area at too high a speed.",
"Captain Lord of the \"Californian\" was strongly criticised by both inquiries for failing to render assistance to \"Titanic\".",
"However neither inquiry found negligence by IMM or the White Star Line as a factor.",
"The US inquiry concluded that those involved had merely followed standard practice, and the disaster could thus only be categorised as an \"act of God\", and the British inquiry concluded that Smith had followed long-standing practice which had not previously been shown to be unsafe (the inquiry noted that British ships alone had carried 3.5 million passengers over the previous decade with the loss of just 10 lives) and concluded that he had done \"only that which other skilled men would have done in the same position.\"",
"The British inquiry also warned that \"What was a mistake in the case of the \"Titanic\" would without doubt be negligence in any similar case in the future.",
"\"The disaster led to major changes in maritime regulations to implement new safety measures, such as ensuring that more lifeboats were provided, that lifeboat drills were properly carried out and that radio equipment on passenger ships was manned around the clock.",
"An International Ice Patrol was set up to monitor the presence of icebergs in the North Atlantic, and maritime safety regulations were harmonised internationally through the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS); both measures are still in force today."
] |
[
0
] |
Estonia – the first demonstrations
|
What were the colors of the historic Estonian flag?
|
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
7
] |
[
"In spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia.",
"Signatures were collected and in Tartu, students assembled in the university's main hall to express their lack of confidence in the government.",
"At the 1st May 1987 demonstration, young people showed up bearing banners and slogans, despite a ban against such actions.",
"On 15 August 1987, former political prisoners formed the MRP-AEG group (Estonians for the Public Disclosure of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), which was headed by Tiit Madisson.",
"In September 1987, the Edasi newspaper published a proposal by Edgar Savisaar, Siim Kallas, Tiit Made and Mikk Titma calling for Estonia to make the transition to autonomy.",
"Initially geared toward economic independence, then toward a certain amount of political autonomy, the project, Isemajandav Eesti (A Self-Managing Estonia) became known according to its Estonian acronym, IME, which means \"miracle\".",
"On 21 October, a demonstration dedicated to those who gave their lives in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence took place in Võru, which culminated in a conflict with the militia.",
"For the first time in years, the blue, black and white national tricolor was publicly visible."
] |
[
0
] |
Team
|
In what decade did the Nordic combined event debut?
|
Nordic combined
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
3
] |
[
"The team event consists of four skiers starting from the ski jump with one jump each, then moving onward to cross-country skiing in a 4 x 5 km relay.",
"The Gundersen point total for this as of 2008 has been 1 point equals 1.33 seconds or 45 points per minute.",
"It is a pursuit start similar to the individual events.",
"When the event debuted in the 1980s, the event was a 3 x 10 km team event, but that changed following Japan's successes at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1993 in Falun and the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer where the country won by almost four minutes and almost five minutes respectively.",
"The event became a 4 x 5 km team at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1995 in Thunder Bay, Ontario where it remained; however, in the 2012-13 season, a 2 x 7.5 km team event has been introduced, in which 2-man teams complete one jump each and then a series of 1.5 km legs of cross-country skiing are run: thus far, it has led to some close finishes."
] |
[
0
] |
Dispositions of forces and tactics
|
What methods did Duke William use to form his forces and why?
|
Battle of Hastings
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
4,
5
] |
[
"Most recent historians conclude that Harold's forces deployed in a small, dense formation around the top of Caldbec Hill, with their flanks protected by woods and a stream and marshy ground in front of them.",
"Lawson points out the possibility that the English line was a bit longer and extended enough to anchor on one of the streams nearby.",
"The English formed a shield wall, with the front ranks holding their shields close together or even overlapping to provide protection from attack.",
"More is known about the Norman deployment.",
"Duke William appears to have arranged his forces in three groups, or \"battles\", which roughly corresponded to their origins.",
"The left units were the Bretons, along with those from Anjou, Poitou and Maine.",
"This division was led by Alan the Red, a relative of the Breton count.",
"The centre was held by the Normans, under the direct command of the duke and with many of his relatives and kinsmen grouped around the ducal party.",
"The final division on the right consisted of the Frenchmen, along with some men from Picardy, Boulogne, and Flanders.",
"The right was commanded by William fitzOsbern and Count Eustace II of Boulogne.",
"The front lines were archers with a line of foot soldiers armed with spears behind.",
"There were probably a few crossbowmen and slingers in with the archers.",
"The cavalry was held in reserve, and a small group of clergymen and servants situated at the base of Telham Hill was not expected to take part in the fighting.",
"William's disposition of his forces implies that he planned to open the battle with archers in the front rank weakening the enemy with arrows, followed by infantry who would engage in close combat.",
"The infantry would create openings in the English lines that could be exploited by a cavalry charge to break through the English forces and pursue the fleeing soldiers."
] |
[
1,
0
] |
Multi-sport events
|
In which time period did track and field begin following an Olympic style model?
|
Track and field
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
1
] |
[
"Mirroring the role that track and field events have at the Summer Olympics and Paralympics, the sport is featured within the athletics programmes of many major multi-sport events.",
"Among some of the first of these events to follow the Olympic-style model were the World University Games in 1923, the Commonwealth Games in 1930, and the Maccabiah Games in 1932.",
"The number of major multi-sport events greatly increased during the 20th century and thus did the number of track and field events held within them.",
"Typically, track and field events are hosted at the main stadium of the games.",
"After the Olympic and Paralympic Games, the most prominent events for track and field athletes include the three IOC-sanctioned continental games: the All-Africa Games, Asian Games, and the Pan American Games.",
"Other games such as the Commonwealth Games and Summer Universiade, and World Masters Games have significant participation from track and field athletes.",
"Track and field is also present at the national games level, with competitions such as the Chinese National Games serving as the most prestigious national competition for domestic track and field athletes."
] |
[] |
Abstract
|
What are the rules of basketball?
|
Basketball
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
1,
3,
4,
5,
7,
9,
11,
12
] |
[
"Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court.",
"The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high mounted to a backboard at each end.",
"Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.",
"A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play.",
"A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the three-point line, and three points (known commonly as a \"3 pointer\" or \"three\") if the player is behind the three-point line.",
"The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a draw.",
"The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running or throwing it to a team mate.",
"It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.",
"Violations are called \"fouls\".",
"A personal foul is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball.",
"A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach.",
"A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the opposing team also retains possession of the ball.",
"As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball has specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning).",
"Typically, the tallest members of a team will play \"center\", \"power forward\" or \"small forward\" positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play \"point guard\" or \"shooting guard\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Lessons
|
At what age do children receive intensive daily lessons if they can't swim?
|
Human swimming
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
12
] |
[
"Children generally do not swim independently until 4 years of age.",
"In Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Estonia and Finland, the curriculum for the fifth grade (fourth grade in Estonia) states that all children should learn how to swim as well as how to handle emergencies near water.",
"Most commonly, children are expected to be able to swim – of which at least on their back – after first falling into deep water and getting their head under water.",
"Even though about 95 percent of Swedish school children know how to swim, drowning remains the third most common cause of death among children.",
"In both the Netherlands and Belgium swimming lessons under school time (\"schoolzwemmen\", school swimming) are supported by the government.",
"Most schools provide swimming lessons.",
"There is a long tradition of swimming lessons in the Netherlands and Belgium, the Dutch translation for the breaststroke swimming style is even \"schoolslag\" (schoolstroke).",
"The children learn a variant of the breaststroke, which is technically not entirely correct.",
"In France, swimming is a compulsory part of the curriculum for primary schools.",
"Children usually spend one semester per year learning swimming during CE1/CE2/CM1 (2nd, 3rd and 4th grade).",
"In many places, swimming lessons are provided by local swimming pools, both those run by the local authority and by private leisure companies.",
"Many schools also include swimming lessons into their Physical Education curricula, provided either in the schools' own pool, or in the nearest public pool.",
"In the UK, the \"Top-ups scheme\" calls for school children who cannot swim by the age of 11 to receive intensive daily lessons.",
"These children who have not reached Great Britain's National Curriculum standard of swimming 25 metres by the time they leave primary school will be given a half-hour lesson every day for two weeks during term-time.",
"In Canada and Mexico there has been a call for swimming to be included in the public school curriculum.",
"In USA there is the Infant Swimming Resource (ISR) initiative that provides lessons for infant children, to cope with emergency situation when they have fallen into water.",
"They are learned how to roll-back-to-float (hold their breath underwater, to roll onto their back, to float unassisted, rest and breathe until help arrives)."
] |
[
0
] |
Media
|
The Mongolian press began in which year?
|
Mongolia
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"Mongolian press began in 1920 with close ties to the Soviet Union under the Mongolian Communist Party, with the establishment of the \"Unen\" (\"Truth\") newspaper similar to the Soviet \"Pravda\".",
"Until reforms in the 1990s, the government had strict control of the media and oversaw all publishing, in which no independent media was allowed.",
"The dissolution of the Soviet Union had a significant impact on Mongolia, where the one-party state grew into a multi-party democracy, and with that, media freedoms came to the forefront.",
"A new law on press freedom, drafted with help from international NGOs on August 28, 1998 and enacted on January 1, 1999, paved the way for media reforms.",
"The Mongolian media currently consists of around 300 print and broadcasting outlets.",
"Since 2006, the media environment has been improving with the government debating a new Freedom of Information Act, and the removal of any affiliation of media outlets with the government.",
"Market reforms have led to an increasing number of people working in the media year on year, along with students at journalism schools.",
"In its 2013 World Press Freedom Index report, Reporters Without Borders classified the media environment as 98th out of 179, with 1st being most free."
] |
[] |
Second gunman theory
|
How many shots did the acoustic experts claim were fired during the Kennedy assassination?
|
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
8
] |
[
"The location of Kennedy's wounds suggested that his assailant had stood behind him, but some witnesses said that Sirhan faced west as Kennedy moved through the pantry facing east.",
"This has led to the suggestion that a second gunman actually fired the fatal shot, a possibility supported by coroner Thomas Noguchi who stated that the fatal shot was behind Kennedy's right ear and had been fired at a distance of approximately one inch.",
"Other witnesses, though, said that as Sirhan approached, Kennedy was turning to his left shaking hands, facing north and so exposing his right side.",
"As recently as 2008, eyewitness John Pilger asserted his belief that there must have been a second gunman.",
"During a re-examination of the case in 1975, the Los Angeles Superior Court ordered expert examination of the possibility of a second gun having been used, and the conclusion of the experts was that there was little or no evidence to support this theory.",
"In 2007, analysis of an audio tape recording of the shooting made by freelance reporter Stanislaw Pruszynski appeared to indicate, according to forensic expert Philip Van Praag, that thirteen shots were fired, even though Sirhan's gun held only eight rounds.",
"Van Praag states that the recording also reveals at least two cases where the timing between shots was shorter than physically possible.",
"The presence of more than eight shots on the tape was corroborated by forensic audio specialists Wes Dooley and Paul Pegas of Audio Engineering Associates in Pasadena, California, forensic audio and ballistics expert Eddy B. Brixen in Copenhagen, Denmark, and audio specialist Phil Spencer Whitehead of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia.",
"Some other acoustic experts, however, have stated that no more than eight shots were recorded on the audio tape.",
"On February 22, 2012, Sirhan's lawyers, William Pepper and Laurie Dusek, filed a court brief in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles claiming that a second gunman fired the shots that killed Kennedy.",
"It was the fourth and final in a series of federal briefs filed under the writ of habeas corpus by Pepper and Dusek beginning in October 2010.",
"A ruling is now pending in the Sirhan federal case."
] |
[
5
] |
Abstract
|
What was the UK sales of the song Wake Me Up When September Ends?
|
Wake Me Up When September Ends
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
9
] |
[
"\"Wake Me Up When September Ends\" is a song by American rock band Green Day.",
"It was released in June 2005 as the fourth single from their seventh album, \"American Idiot\".",
"The song deals with the death of lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong's father, who died when Armstrong was a child.",
"The single peaked at number six in the United States, becoming Green Day's third Top 10 single.",
"It also peaked at #8 in Canada and the UK, while making #13 in Australia.",
"\"Wake Me Up When September Ends\" had sold 1,652,000 copies as of May 2010, and was the second highest selling single in the U.S. from \"American Idiot\", behind only the multi-platinum \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\".",
"The song ended the streak of Green Day's three consecutive #1 hits on the Modern Rock Tracks chart (American Idiot, Boulevard of Broken Dreams and Holiday), but it hit #2 on the chart almost hitting #1 by Gorillaz Feel Good Inc..",
"The song also hit #2 on the Adult Top 40 and #4 on the Mainstream Top 40.",
"This was the band's most successful song to the adult contemporary market, hitting #13 on its own chart and their only song to chart other than \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\".",
"The song is certified Silver in the United Kingdom for sales of 200,000 "
] |
[
2,
0
] |
Television series
|
Is there a Kung Fu Panda TV series?
|
Kung Fu Panda
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"A television series titled \"Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness\" is airing on Nickelodeon since its premiere on November 7, 2011.",
"From the cast of \"Kung Fu Panda\", only Lucy Liu and James Hong are reprising their roles of Master Viper and Mr. Ping.",
"In the series, Po continues to defend the Valley of Peace from all kinds of villains, while making mistakes, learning about the history of kung fu, and meeting other kung fu masters."
] |
[] |
Critical response
|
On "Village Voice"'s Pazz and Jop list, which song appeared at number 8?
|
Viva la Vida
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
13
] |
[
"Critical response.",
"Critics were very positive in their reviews of the song.",
"In the \"Entertainment Weekly\" review of the album, critic Chris Willman wrote: \"Take the title track ... on which imagines himself as a paranoid monarch.",
"'Who would ever want to be king?'",
"Martin asks.",
"'Revolutionaries wait/For my head on a silver plate!'.",
"The confident majesty of the music, however, belies how he and his bandmates have invigorated their rock-lite reign.\"",
"Josh Hathaway from \"The Plain Dealer\" noted \"Viva la Vida\" as the \"catchiest\" song on the album.",
"Chris Jones of the BBC noted: \"The string/brass mutations that bolster a track like 'Viva La Vida' ... conjure tunes so sweetly melancholy.\"",
"In the IGN review, critic Chad Grischow wrote, \"It is their one and only foray into unabashed orchestral pop, but the punchy strut of the strings and fantastic marching vocals make it far too charming and lively to dislike, and even harder not to love.",
"\"\"Viva la Vida\" was nominated for \"Record of the Year\", and won \"Song of the Year\", and \"Best Pop Performance by a Duo or a Group\" at the 2009 Grammy Awards.",
"This song also won the Ivor Novello Award for \"Best Selling British Single\".",
"The song was included in \"Rolling Stone\"'s annual \"100 Best Songs\" of 2008 at number nine; it was also voted number two on \"Rolling Stone\"'s Readers' Rock List: Best Songs of 2008.",
"\"Viva la Vida\" was also listed at number five on \"Blender\"'s 1001 Downloads: The Top 144 Songs of 2008, as well in the number eight position on \"Village Voice\"'s Pazz and Jop list.",
"\"Viva la Vida\" has been sampled in several other songs including Flo Rida's single \"Be on You\"."
] |
[] |
Reception and expurgation
|
Was Michelangelo's "The Last Judgement" ever considered objectionable?
|
The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)
| false | 3ART
|
[
2,
5,
7
] |
[
"",
"\"The Last Judgment\" was an object of a heavy dispute between critics within the Catholic Counter-Reformation and those who appreciated the genius of the artist and the Mannerist style of the painting.",
"Michelangelo was accused of being insensitive to proper decorum, and of flaunting personal style over appropriate depictions of content.",
"A few years after the fresco was completed, the decrees of the Council of Trent urged a tightening-up of church control of \"unusual\" sacred images.",
"In response to certain accusers, when the Pope's own Master of Ceremonies Biagio da Cesena said of the painting \"it was mostly disgraceful that in so sacred a place there should have been depicted all those nude figures, exposing themselves so shamefully,\" and that it was no work for a papal chapel but rather \"for the public baths and taverns,\" Michelangelo worked Cesena's face into the scene as Minos, judge of the underworld (far bottom-right corner of the painting) with Donkey ears (i.e.",
"indicating foolishness), while his nudity is covered by a coiled snake.",
"It is said that when Cesena complained to the Pope, the pontiff joked that his jurisdiction did not extend to hell, so the portrait would have to remain.",
"The genitalia in the fresco, referred to as 'objectionable,' were painted over with drapery after Michelangelo died in 1564 by the Mannerist artist Daniele da Volterra, when the Council of Trent condemned nudity in religious art.",
"The Council's decree in part reads: "
] |
[] |
Ratings
|
Why were only twenty episodes accounted for in the season average during Glee's first season?
|
Glee (TV series)
| false | 1TV
|
[
3
] |
[
"The pilot episode of \"Glee\" averaged 9.62 million viewers, and the following eleven episodes attained between 6.10 and 7.65 million.",
"The mid-season finale was watched by 8.13 million viewers, with the show returning in April 2010 to a season high of 13.66 million viewers.",
"The following six episodes attained between 11.49 and 12.98 million viewers, falling to 8.99 million for the penultimate episode \"Funk\".",
"Viewing figures rose to 11.07 million viewers for the season finale, giving \"Glee\" the highest finale rating for a new show in the 2009–10 television season.",
"Only the first twenty episodes of the first season were accounted for when calculating the season average due to the final two episodes airing outside the traditional sweeps period.",
"On February 6, 2011, after the Super Bowl, \"Glee\" received its highest ever ratings, with over 26.8 million tuning in to see the special episode, with a peak of 39.5 million.",
"In 2011, \"Glee\" generated $2 million advertising revenue per half hour.",
"In 2012, the show was the fourth-highest revenue earning show of the year, with US$2.83 million ad revenue per half hour, behind \"Two and a Half Men\", \"The X Factor (U.S.)\" and \"American Idol\"."
] |
[
1
] |
Grades
|
Who classifies Canadian maple syrup?
|
Maple syrup
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"In Canada, maple syrup is classified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) as one of three grades, each with several colour classes: Canada No.",
"1, including Extra Light, Light, and Medium; No.",
"2 Amber; and finally No.",
"3 Dark or any other ungraded category.",
"Producers in Ontario or Québec may follow either federal or provincial grading guidelines.",
"Québec's and Ontario's guidelines differ slightly from the federal: there are two \"number\" categories in Québec (Number 1, with four colour classes, and 2, with five colour classes).",
"As in Québec, Ontario's producers have two \"number\" grades: 1, with three colour classes; and 2, with one colour class, which is typically referred to as \"Ontario Amber\" when produced and sold in that province only.",
"A typical year's yield for a maple syrup producer will be about 25 to 30 percent of each of the #1 colours, 10 percent #2 Amber, and 2 percent #3 Dark.",
"The United States uses different grading standards.",
"Maple syrup is divided into two major grades: Grade A and Grade B. Grade A is further divided into three subgrades: Light Amber (sometimes known as Fancy), Medium Amber, and Dark Amber.",
"The Vermont Agency of Agriculture Food and Markets uses a similar grading system of colour, and is roughly equivalent, especially for lighter syrups, but using letters: \"AA\", \"A\", etc.",
"The Vermont grading system differs from the US system in maintaining a slightly higher standard of product density (measured on the Baumé scale).",
"New Hampshire maintains a similar standard, but not a separate state grading scale.",
"The Vermont-graded product has 0.9 percent more sugar and less water in its composition than US-graded.",
"One grade of syrup not for table use, called commercial or Grade C, is also produced under the Vermont system.",
"Vermont inspectors enforce strict syrup grading regulations, and can fine producers up to US$1000 for labeling syrup incorrectly.",
"Extra Light and Grade A typically have a milder flavour than Grade B, which is very dark, with a rich maple flavour.",
"The dark grades of syrup are used primarily for cooking and baking, although some specialty dark syrups are produced for table use.",
"Syrup harvested earlier in the season tends to yield a lighter color.",
"The classification of maple syrup in the US depends ultimately on its translucence.",
"US Grade A Light Amber has to be more than 75 percent translucent, US Grade A Medium Amber has to be 60.5 to 74.9 percent translucent, US Grade A Dark Amber has to be 44.0 to 60.4 percent translucent, and US Grade B is any product less than 44.0 percent translucent.",
"The International Maple Syrup Institute has been working on international grading standards so that all producers will use the same grading system.",
"Transition to the new system is expected in the coming years."
] |
[
3
] |
28 June 1932
|
What does Khana Ratsadon mean in English?
|
Thailand
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"Prior to 1932, the Kingdom of Siam did not possess a legislature, as all legislative powers were vested within the person of the monarch.",
"This had been the case since the foundation of the Sukhothai Kingdom in the 12th century: as the king was seen as a \"Dharmaraja\" or \"King who rules in accordance with Dharma\" (the Buddhist law of righteousness).",
"However on 24 June 1932 a group of civilians and military officers, calling themselves the Khana Ratsadon (or People's Party) carried out a bloodless revolution, in which the 150 years of absolute rule of the House of Chakri was ended.",
"In its stead the group advocated a constitutional form of monarchy with an elected legislature.",
"The \"Draft Constitution\" of 1932 signed by King Prajadhipok, created Thailand's first legislature, a People's Assembly with 70 appointed members.",
"The assembly met for the first time on 28 June 1932, in the Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall.",
"The Khana Ratsadon decided that the people were not yet ready for an elected assembly; however they later changed their minds.",
"By the time the \"permanent\" constitution came into force in December of that year, elections were scheduled for 15 November 1933.",
"The new constitution also changed the composition of the assembly to 78 directly elected and 78 appointed (by the Khana Ratsadon) together compromising 156 members."
] |
[
0
] |
Diffuse nebulae
|
What is HII?
|
Nebula
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"Most nebulae can be described as diffuse nebulae, which means that they are extended and contain no well-defined boundaries.",
"In visible light these nebulae may be divided into emission and reflection nebulae.",
"Emission nebulae emit spectral line radiation from ionized gas (mostly ionized hydrogen); they are often called HII regions (the term \"HII\" is used in professional astronomy to refer to ionized hydrogen).",
"Reflection nebulae themselves do not emit significant amounts of visible light, but are near stars and reflect light from them.",
"Similar nebulae not illuminated by stars do not exhibit visible radiation, but may be detected as opaque clouds blocking light from luminous objects behind them; they are called \"dark nebulae\".",
"Although these nebulae have different visibility at optical wavelengths, they are all bright sources of infrared emission, chiefly from dust within the nebulae."
] |
[
0
] |
Scholarship and legacies (1875–1900)
|
When did the British Museum of Natural History take it out?
|
British Museum
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
1
] |
[
"Scholarship and legacies (1875–1900).",
"The natural history collections were an integral part of the British Museum until their removal to the new British Museum of Natural History, now the Natural History Museum, in 1887.",
"With the departure and the completion of the new White Wing (fronting Montague Street) in 1884, more space was available for antiquities and ethnography and the library could further expand.",
"This was a time of innovation as electric lighting was introduced in the Reading Room and exhibition galleries.",
"In 1882 the Museum was involved in the establishment of the independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society) the first British body to carry out research in Egypt.",
"A bequest from Miss Emma Turner in 1892 financed excavations in Cyprus.",
"In 1897 the death of the great collector and curator, A.W.",
"Franks, was followed by an immense bequest of 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking vessels, 512 pieces of continental porcelain, 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, over 30,000 bookplates and miscellaneous items of jewellery and plate, among them the Oxus Treasure.",
"In 1898 Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed the glittering contents from his New Smoking Room at Waddesdon Manor as the Waddesdon Bequest.",
"This consisted of almost 300 pieces of \"objets d'art et de vertu\" which included exquisite examples of jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass and maiolica, among them the Holy Thorn Reliquary, probably created in the 1390s in Paris for John, Duke of Berry.",
"The collection was in the tradition of a schatzkammer or treasure house such as those formed by the Renaissance princes of Europe.",
"Baron Ferdinand's will was most specific, and failure to observe the terms would make it void, the collection should be"
] |
[
2
] |
Astrophysics and gravitational waves
|
What did Stephen Hawking say about the Big Bang theory?
|
Gravitational wave
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"During the past century, astronomy has been revolutionized by the use of new methods for observing the universe.",
"Astronomical observations were originally made using visible light.",
"Galileo Galilei pioneered the use of telescopes to enhance these observations.",
"However, visible light is only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, and not all objects in the distant universe shine strongly in this particular band.",
"More useful information may be found, for example, in radio wavelengths.",
"Using radio telescopes, astronomers have found pulsars, quasars, and other extreme objects that push the limits of our understanding of physics.",
"Observations in the microwave band have opened our eyes to the faint imprints of the Big Bang, a discovery Stephen Hawking called the \"greatest discovery of the century, if not all time\".",
"Similar advances in observations using gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, and infrared light have also brought new insights to astronomy.",
"As each of these regions of the spectrum has opened, new discoveries have been made that could not have been made otherwise.",
"Astronomers hope that the same holds true of gravitational waves.",
"Gravitational waves have two important and unique properties.",
"First, there is no need for any type of matter to be present nearby in order for the waves to be generated by a binary system of uncharged black holes, which would emit no electromagnetic radiation.",
"Second, gravitational waves can pass through any intervening matter without being scattered significantly.",
"Whereas light from distant stars may be blocked out by interstellar dust, for example, gravitational waves will pass through essentially unimpeded.",
"These two features allow gravitational waves to carry information about astronomical phenomena never before observed by humans.",
"The sources of gravitational waves described above are in the low-frequency end of the gravitational-wave spectrum (10−7 to 105 Hz).",
"An astrophysical source at the high-frequency end of the gravitational-wave spectrum (above 105 Hz and probably 1010 Hz) generates relic gravitational waves that are theorized to be faint imprints of the Big Bang like the cosmic microwave background (see gravitational wave background).",
"At these high frequencies it is potentially possible that the sources may be \"man made\" that is, gravitational waves generated and detected in the laboratory."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
Who wrote "Santa Claus is coming to town?"
|
Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"\"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\" (also known as \"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town\") is a Christmas song.",
"It was written by John Frederick Coots and Haven Gillespie and was first sung on Eddie Cantor's radio show in November 1934.",
"It became an instant hit with orders for 100,000 copies of sheet music the next day and more than 400,000 copies sold by Christmas."
] |
[
3
] |
Critical response
|
Was Clarkson's "stronger" received well by the critics?
|
Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"",
"\"Stronger\" received critical acclaim from contemporary critics, with many complimenting its sound and Clarkson's vocal performance.",
"Scott Shetler of \"PopCrush\" gave the song four stars out of five, lauding its strong hook and empowering message.",
"He ended his review by describing the song as \"vintage Kelly Clarkson.\"",
"Jenna Hally Rubenstein of \"MTV Buzzworthy\" compared it to \"Since U Been Gone,\" which has \"a super radio-friendly hook.\"",
"Elizabeth Lancaster of MTV Newsroom listed it as one of five key tracks in \"Stronger,\" writing \"Upbeat yet soulful, the chorus will drag you up and onto the floor to dance the heartache away alongside her.\"",
"Grady Smith of \"Entertainment Weekly\" thought that the song's \"belty pop/rock wheelhouse\" should please fans of the sound.",
"He later added that \"Clarkson might have been better off releasing \"What Doesn’t Kill You\" as the first track from \"Stronger.\"\"",
"Another positive reception came from Glenn Gamboa of \"Newsday\", who praised Clarkson for \"infusing her tales of empowerment after a breakup with her unique combo of vulnerability and sass.\"",
"Jonathan Keefe of \"Slant\" thought that the song is \"tailor-made for radio play\" and that \"the chilly electro-pop that Greg Kurstin brings to the verses, suggests a top forty version of Robyn's \"Call Your Girlfriend\" (2010).",
"On March 5, 2013 \"Billboard\" ranked the song number 2 in its list of \"Top 100 American Idol Hits of All Time\".",
"In March 2013, the song became the runner-up in an online poll \"March Madness\" voted by people, losing to \"Scream & Shout\".",
"Chris Willman of Reuters criticized the lyrics, commenting that \"Never mind how tired that tune's titular phrase is.",
"For a laugh, look up the YouTube video in which some wag mashed together a medley of 30 different songs that already borrowed \"That which does not kill me makes me stronger\" as a lyrical hook.\"",
"Kevin Ritchie from Now Magazine emphasized that the lyrics are \"about as clichéd as a mission statement can get, but it also makes for a solid pop song.\"",
"Robert Copsey of \"Digital Spy\" gave the song four stars out of five, writing \"The message behind her song may already be a well-worn, almost cliched lesson, but as she continues to prove, there's little shame in coming out with the expected.\""
] |
[] |
Abstract
|
Who were the producers of Shrek?
|
Shrek
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
0,
1,
15
] |
[
"Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated fantasy-comedy film produced by PDI/DreamWorks, released by DreamWorks Pictures, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, featuring the voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow.",
"It is loosely based on William Steig's 1990 fairy tale picture book \"Shrek!",
"\", and somewhat serves as a parody film, targeting other films adapted from numerous children's fantasies (mainly animated Disney films).",
"The film made notable use of popular music; the soundtrack includes music by Smash Mouth, Eels, Joan Jett, The Proclaimers, Jason Wade, Baha Men, and John Cale (covering Leonard Cohen).",
"The rights to the books were originally bought by Steven Spielberg in 1991, before the founding of DreamWorks, when he thought about making a traditionally animated film based on the book.",
"However, John H. Williams convinced him to bring the film to DreamWorks in 1994, the time the studio was founded, and the film was put quickly into active development by Jeffrey Katzenberg after the rights were bought by the studio in 1995.",
"\"Shrek\" originally cast Chris Farley to do the voice for the title character, recording about 80%–90% of his dialog.",
"After Farley died in 1997 before he could finish, Mike Myers was brought in to work for the character, who after his first recording decided to record his voice in a Scottish accent.",
"The film was also originally planned to be motion-captured, but after poor results, the studio decided to get PDI to help \"Shrek\" get its final computer-animated look.",
"Earning $484.4 million at the worldwide box office, the film was a critical and commercial success.",
"\"Shrek\" also received promotion from food chains such as Baskin-Robbins (promoting the film's DVD release) and Burger King.",
"It was acclaimed as an animated film worthy of adult interest, with many adult-oriented jokes and themes but a simple enough plot and humour to appeal to children.",
"\"Shrek\" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.",
"The film was also nominated for six British Academy of Film and Television Arts awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Eddie Murphy for his voice-over performance as Donkey, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.",
"The film's main (and title) character was awarded his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2010.",
"\"Shrek\" established DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in the field of feature film animation, particularly in computer animation.",
"The film's success prompted DreamWorks to create three sequels, \"Shrek 2\", \"Shrek the Third\", and \"Shrek Forever After\", two holiday specials, \"Shrek the Halls\" and \"Scared Shrekless\", and a spin-off film, \"Puss in Boots\".",
"A fifth film, planned as the last of the series, was cancelled in 2009 with the announcement that the fourth film would conclude the series.",
"The film's success also inspired other merchandise, such as video games, a stage musical and even a comic book by Dark Horse Comics."
] |
[
3
] |
Climate
|
What kind of climate can the United Kingdom be characterized as having?
|
United Kingdom
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"The United Kingdom has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round.",
"The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below or rising above .",
"The prevailing wind is from the south-west and bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean, although the eastern parts are mostly sheltered from this wind since the majority of the rain falls over the western regions the eastern parts are therefore the driest.",
"Atlantic currents, warmed by the Gulf Stream, bring mild winters; especially in the west where winters are wet and even more so over high ground.",
"Summers are warmest in the south-east of England, being closest to the European mainland, and coolest in the north.",
"Heavy snowfall can occur in winter and early spring on high ground, and occasionally settles to great depth away from the hills."
] |
[
0
] |
Ratings
|
Among which age demographic was the series rated as the sixth highest in America in terms of scripted shows?
|
Modern Family
| true | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
"Since its premiere, the series has remained popular.",
"In its first season, the show became the sixth highest-rated scripted show in America among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, and the third-highest rated new show.",
"Aided by winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, the show's second season became the highest rated show on Wednesday on premiere week and also rose 34% from the previous season among adults between the ages of 18 and 49.",
"The show frequently ranked as television's top scripted series in adults 18–49 as well.",
"The success of the show has been positively compared to \"The Cosby Show\".",
"During the 2010–2011 season, \"Modern Family\" was the highest rated scripted show in the 18–49 demographic, and the third highest rated overall sitcom behind CBS's \"The Big Bang Theory\" and \"Two and a Half Men\".",
"The season also ranked first among DVR viewers.",
"The third season premiere became ABC's top-rated season premiere in six years.",
"The series' success in ratings has also led to the series being credited for reviving sitcoms."
] |
[] |
Biodiversity
|
What country is Taiga in?
|
Finland
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"Phytogeographically, Finland is shared between the Arctic, central European and northern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom.",
"According to the WWF, the territory of Finland can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the Scandinavian and Russian taiga, Sarmatic mixed forests and Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands.",
"Taiga covers most of Finland from northern regions of southern provinces to the north of Lapland.",
"On the southwestern coast, south of the Helsinki-Rauma line, forests are characterized by mixed forests, that are more typical in the Baltic region.",
"In the extreme north of Finland, near the tree line and Arctic Ocean, Montane Birch forests are common.",
"Similarly, Finland has a diverse and extensive range of fauna.",
"There are at least sixty native mammalian species, 248 breeding bird species, over seventy fish species and eleven reptile and frog species present today, many migrating from neighboring countries thousands of years ago.",
"Large and widely recognized wildlife mammals found in Finland are the brown bear (the national animal), gray wolf, wolverine and elk.",
"Three of the more striking birds are the Whooper Swan, a large European swan and the national bird of Finland; the Capercaillie, a large, black-plumaged member of the grouse family; and the European Eagle-owl.",
"The latter is considered an indicator of old-growth forest connectivity, and has been declining because of landscape fragmentation.",
"The most common breeding birds are the Willow Warbler, Common Chaffinch and Redwing.",
"Of some seventy species of freshwater fish, the northern pike, perch and others are plentiful.",
"Atlantic salmon remains the favourite of fly rod enthusiasts.",
"The endangered Saimaa Ringed Seal, one of only three lake seal species in the world, exists only in the Saimaa lake system of southeastern Finland, down to only 300 seals today.",
"It has become the emblem of the Finnish Association for Nature Conservation."
] |
[
0
] |
Corkspin
|
How do you have to swing a racket to spin the ball parallel to its trajectory?
|
Table tennis
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
7
] |
[
"This type of spin is almost exclusively employed in service, but it is also used from time to time in the lob at the professional level.",
"Unlike any of the aforementioned techniques, corkspin (sometimes referred to as \"drill-spin\") features a unique situation in which the axis of spin is more or less parallel to the trajectory of the ball.",
"This means that the Magnus effect will have little to no effect on the trajectory of a cork-spun ball.",
"Upon bouncing, the ball will dart right or left, depending on the direction of the spin, making it very difficult to return.",
"Although in theory this type of spin produces the most obnoxious effects, it is not as strategically practical as sidespin or backspin in terms of the limitations that it imposes upon the opponent during their return.",
"Aside from the initial direction change when bouncing, provided that it does not exceed the reach of the opponent, a cork-spun ball is easily countered with topspin \"or\" backspin.",
"Similar to a backspin stroke, the corkspin stroke has a lower maximum velocity, simply due to the contact angle of the racket when producing the stroke.",
"To impart a spin on the ball which is parallel to its trajectory, the racket must be swung more or less perpendicular to the trajectory of the ball.",
"This greatly limits the amount of forward momentum that can be transferred to the ball by the racket.",
"Corkspin is almost always mixed with another variety of spin, as it is less effective and harder to produce on its own."
] |
[
5
] |
Other personnel
|
What are the responsibilities of the manager?
|
Baseball
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"The manager, or head coach of a team, oversees the team's major strategic decisions, such as establishing the starting rotation, setting the lineup, or batting order, before each game, and making substitutions during games—in particular, bringing in relief pitchers.",
"Managers are typically assisted by two or more coaches; they may have specialized responsibilities, such as working with players on hitting, fielding, pitching, or strength and conditioning.",
"At most levels of organized play, two coaches are stationed on the field when the team is at bat: the first base coach and third base coach, occupying designated coaches' boxes just outside the foul lines, assist in the direction of baserunners when the ball is in play, and relay tactical signals from the manager to batters and runners during pauses in play.",
"In contrast to many other team sports, baseball managers and coaches generally wear their team's uniforms; coaches must be in uniform in order to be allowed on the playing field during a game.",
"Any baseball game involves one or more umpires, who make rulings on the outcome of each play.",
"At a minimum, one umpire will stand behind the catcher, to have a good view of the strike zone, and call balls and strikes.",
"Additional umpires may be stationed near the other bases, thus making it easier to judge plays such as attempted force outs and tag outs.",
"In Major League Baseball, four umpires are used for each game, one near each base.",
"In the playoffs, six umpires are used: one at each base and two in the outfield along the foul lines."
] |
[
0
] |
Manufacturers
|
When was Cadbury acquired by Kraft?
|
Chocolate
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
8
] |
[
"Chocolate manufacturers produce a range of products from chocolate bars to fudge.",
"Large manufacturers of chocolate products include Cadbury (the world's largest confectionery manufacturer), Guylian, The Hershey Company, Lindt & Sprüngli, Mars, Incorporated, Milka, Neuhaus and Suchard.",
"Guylian is best known for its chocolate Sea Shells; Cadbury for its \"Dairy Milk\" and \"Creme Egg\".",
"The Hershey Company, largest chocolate manufacturer in North America, produces the \"Hershey Bar\" and \"Hershey's Kisses\".",
"Mars Incorporated, a large privately owned U.S. corporation, produces \"Mars Bar\", \"Milky Way\", \"M&M's\", \"Twix\" and \"Snickers\".",
"Lindt is known for its truffle balls and Gold Easter Bunnies.",
"Food conglomerates Nestlé SA and Kraft Foods both have chocolate brands.",
"Nestlé acquired Rowntree's in 1988 and now market chocolates under their own brand, including \"Smarties\" and \"Kit Kat\"; Kraft Foods through its 1990 acquisition of Jacobs Suchard, now own Milka and Suchard.",
"In February 2010, Kraft also acquired British-based Cadbury.",
"; Fry's, Trebor Basset, the fair-trade brand Green & Black's also belong to the group."
] |
[
2
] |
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