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Health | In Hong Kong, how many hospitals are private? | Hong Kong | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"There are 13 private hospitals and more than 40 public hospitals in Hong Kong.",
"There is little interaction between public and private healthcare.",
"The hospitals offer a wide range of healthcare services, and some of the territory's private hospitals are considered to be world class.",
"According to UN estimates, Hong Kong has one of the longest life expectancy of any country or territory in the world.",
"As of 2012, Hong Kong women are the longest living demographic group in the world.",
"There are two medical schools in the territory, one based at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the other at the University of Hong Kong.",
"Both have links with public sector hospitals.",
"With respect to postgraduate education, traditionally many doctors in Hong Kong have looked overseas for further training, and many took British Royal College exams such as the MRCP(UK) and the MRCS(UK).",
"However, Hong Kong has been developing its own postgraduate medical institutions, in particular the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, and this is gradually taking over the responsibility for all postgraduate medical training in the territory.",
"Since 2011, there have been growing concerns that mothers-to-be from mainland China, in a bid to obtain the right of abode in Hong Kong and the benefits that come with it, have saturated the neonatal wards of the city's hospitals both public and private.",
"This has led to protest from local pregnant women for the government to remedy the issue, as they have found difficulty in securing a bed space for giving birth and routine check-ups.",
"Other concerns in the decade of 2001–2010 relate to the workload medical staff experience; and medical errors and mishaps, which are frequently highlighted in local news."
] | [
5
] |
Financing | How much was the USA's down payment on the Louisiana Purchase | Louisiana Purchase | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"The American government used $3 million in gold as a down payment, and issued bonds for the balance to pay France for the purchase.",
"Earlier that year, Francis Baring and Company of London had become the U.S. government's official banking agent in London.",
"Because of this favored position, the US asked the Baring firm to handle the transaction.",
"Francis Baring's son Alexander was in Paris at the time and helped in the negotiations.",
"Another Baring advantage was a close relationship with Hope and Company of Amsterdam.",
"The two banking houses worked together to facilitate and underwrite the Purchase.",
"Because Napoleon wanted to receive his money as quickly as possible, the two firms received the American bonds and paid cash to France."
] | [
5
] |
Flour | How to make Arepa | Arepa | true | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Arepa\" flour is specially prepared (cooked in water, then dried) for making \"arepas\" and other maize dough-based dishes, such as \"hallacas\", \"bollos\", \"tamales\", \"empanadas\" and \"chicha\".",
"The most popular brand names of maize flour are Harina PAN in Venezuela and Areparina in Colombia.",
"\"Arepa\" flour is usually made from white maize, but yellow maize varieties are available.",
"\"Arepa\" flour was first developed and produced by Empresas Polar of Venezuela, owner of the PAN brand and the primary distributor in the country."
] | [
5
] |
Sound effects and music | Who wrote the score for "The Matrix"? | The Matrix | true | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"Dane A. Davis was responsible for creating the sound effects for the film.",
"The fight scenes sound effects, such as the whipping sounds of punches, came from using junk to create noises and capturing them, then editing the sounds.",
"The sound of the pod containing a human baby closing required almost fifty sounds put together.",
"The film's score was composed by Don Davis.",
"He noted that mirrors appear frequently in the film: reflections of the blue and red pills are seen in Morpheus's glasses; Neo's capture by Agents is viewed through the rear-view mirror of Trinity's Triumph Speed Triple motorcycle; Neo observes a broken mirror mending itself; reflections warp as a spoon is bent; the reflection of a helicopter is visible as it approaches a skyscraper.",
"Davis focused on this theme of reflections when creating his score, alternating between sections of the orchestra and attempting to incorporate contrapuntal ideas.",
"Davis' score combines orchestral, choral and synthesizer elements; the balance between these elements varies depending on whether humans or machines are the dominant subject of a given scene.",
"In addition to Davis' score, \"The Matrix\" soundtrack also features music from acts such as Rammstein, Rob Dougan, Rage Against the Machine, Propellerheads, Ministry, Deftones, Monster Magnet, The Prodigy, Rob Zombie, Meat Beat Manifesto, and Marilyn Manson."
] | [
3
] |
Tumbler | What was the development process of the tumbler? | Batman Begins | true | 6MOVIES
| [
1,
2,
3,
6,
7
] | [
"Crowley started the process of designing the Tumbler for the film by model bashing.",
"Crowley used the nose cone of a P-38 Lightning model to serve as the chassis for the Tumbler's turbine engine.",
"Six models of the Tumbler were built to 1:12 scale in the course of four months.",
"Following the scale model creation, a crew of over 30 people, including Crowley and engineers Chris Culvert and Annie Smith, carved a full-size replica of the Tumbler out of a large block of Styrofoam in two months.",
"The Styrofoam model was used to create a steel \"test frame\", which had to stand up to several standards: have a speed of over , go from 0 to in 5 seconds, possess a steering system to make sharp turns at city corners, and withstand a self-propelled launch of up to .",
"On the first jump test, the Tumbler's front end collapsed and had to be completely rebuilt.",
"The basic configuration of the newly designed Tumbler included a 5.7-liter Chevy V8 engine, a truck axle for the rear axle, front tires by Hoosier (which are actually dirt racing tires used on the right rear of open wheel sprint cars), 4 rear 44/18.5-16.5 Interco Super Swamper TSL tires (44\" tall, 18.5\" wide, mounted on a 16.5\" wheel) and the suspension system of Baja racing trucks.",
"The design and development process took nine months and cost several million dollars.",
"With the design process complete, four street-ready race cars were constructed, with each vehicle possessing 65 panels and costing $250,000 to build.",
"Two of the four cars were specialized versions.",
"One version was the flap version, which had hydraulics and flaps to detail the close-up shots where the vehicle propelled itself through the air.",
"The other version was the jet version, in which an actual jet engine was mounted onto the vehicle, fueled by six propane tanks.",
"The visibility inside the vehicle was poor, so monitors were connected to cameras on the vehicle body.",
"The professional drivers for the Tumblers practiced driving the vehicles for six months before they drove on the streets of Chicago for the film's scenes.",
"The interior of the Tumbler was an immobile studio set and not actually the interior of a street-capable Tumbler.",
"The cockpit was over-sized to fit cameras for scenes filmed in the Tumbler interior.",
"In addition, another version of the Tumbler was a miniature model that was 1:6 scale of the actual Tumbler.",
"This miniature model had an electric motor and was used to show the Tumbler flying across ravines and between buildings.",
"However, the actual Tumbler was used for the waterfall sequence."
] | [
0
] |
Closures and reopening (2001–present) | Who was the Statue of Liberty's superintended? | Statue of Liberty | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
13
] | [
"Closures and reopening (2001–present).",
"Following the September 11 attacks, the statue and Liberty Island were immediately closed to the public.",
"The island reopened at the end of 2001, while the pedestal and statue remained off-limits.",
"The pedestal reopened in August 2004, but the National Park Service announced that visitors could not safely be given access to the statue due to the difficulty of evacuation in an emergency.",
"The Park Service adhered to that position through the remainder of the Bush administration.",
"New York Congressman Anthony Weiner made the statue's reopening a personal crusade.",
"On May 17, 2009, President Barack Obama's Secretary of the Interior, Ken Salazar, announced that as a \"special gift\" to America, the statue would be reopened to the public as of July 4, but that only a limited number of people would be permitted to ascend to the crown each day.",
"The statue, including the pedestal and base, closed on October 29, 2011 (the day after celebrations to mark the statue's 125th anniversary), for installation of new elevators and staircases, and to bring other facilities, such as restrooms, up to code.",
"The statue was closed to the public until October 28, 2012.",
"A day after the reopening, the statue closed again due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy.",
"Although the storm did not harm the statue, it destroyed some of the infrastructure on both Liberty Island and Ellis Island, severely damaging the dock used by the ferries bearing visitors to the statue.",
"On November 8, 2012, a Park Service spokesperson announced that both islands would remain closed for an indefinite period for repairs to be done.",
"Due to lack of electricity on Liberty Island, a generator was installed to power temporary floodlights to illuminate the statue at night.",
"The superintendent of Statue of Liberty National Monument, David Luchsinger, whose home on the island was severely damaged, stated that it would be \"optimistically ... months\" before the island was reopened to the public.",
"The statue and Liberty Island reopened to the public on July 4, 2013, though Ellis Island remains closed.",
"For part of October 2013, Liberty Island was closed to the public due to the United States federal government shutdown of 2013, along with other publicly funded museums, parks, monuments, construction projects and buildings."
] | [
3
] |
Layout | Where was the residential district most likely located? | Machu Picchu | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
7
] | [
"The site is roughly divided into an urban sector and an agricultural sector, as well as the upper town and the lower town.",
"The temples are part of the upper town, the warehouses the lower.",
"The architecture is adapted to the natural form of the mountains.",
"Approximately 200 buildings are arranged on wide parallel terraces around a vast central square that is oriented east-west.",
"The various \"kanchas\" or compounds are long and narrow in order to exploit the terrain.",
"Extensive terraces were used for agriculture and sophisticated channeling systems provided irrigation for the fields.",
"Numerous stone stairways set in the walls allowed access to the different levels across the site.",
"The eastern section of the city was probably residential.",
"The western, separated by the square, was for religious and ceremonial purposes.",
"This section contains the Torreón, the massive tower which may have been used as an observatory.",
"Located in the first zone are the primary archaeological treasures: the \"Intihuatana\", the \"Temple of the Sun\" and the \"Room of the Three Windows\".",
"These were dedicated to \"Inti\", their sun god and greatest deity.",
"The Popular District, or Residential District, is the place where the lower-class people lived.",
"It includes storage buildings and simple houses.",
"The royalty area, a sector for the nobility, is a group of houses located in rows over a slope; the residence of the Amautas (wise persons) was characterized by its reddish walls, and the zone of the \"Ñustas\" (princesses) had trapezoid-shaped rooms.",
"The Monumental Mausoleum is a carved statue with a vaulted interior and carved drawings.",
"It was used for rites or sacrifices.",
"The Guardhouse is a three-sided building, with one of its long sides opening onto the Terrace of the Ceremonial Rock.",
"The three-sided style of Inca architecture is known as the \"wayrona\" style."
] | [
4
] |
Japanese declaration of war | Describe in great length, how the message was transmitted. | Attack on Pearl Harbor | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"The attack took place before any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but this was not Admiral Yamamoto's intention.",
"He originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the United States that peace negotiations were at an end.",
"The Japanese tried to uphold the conventions of war while still achieving surprise, but the attack began before the notice could be delivered.",
"Tokyo transmitted the 5,000-word notification (commonly called the \"14-Part Message\") in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington, but transcribing the message took too long for the Japanese ambassador to deliver it in time.",
"(In fact, U.S. code breakers had already deciphered and translated most of the message hours before he was scheduled to deliver it.)",
"The final part of the \"14 Part Message\" is sometimes described as a declaration of war.",
"While it neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations, it was viewed by a number of senior U.S government and military officials as a very strong indicator that negotiations were likely to be terminated and that war might break out at any moment.",
"A declaration of war was printed on the front page of Japan's newspapers in the evening edition of December 8, but not delivered to the U.S. government until the day after the attack.",
"For decades, conventional wisdom held that Japan attacked without any official warning of a break in relations only because of accidents and bumbling that delayed the delivery of a document hinting at war to Washington.",
"In 1999, however, Takeo Iguchi, a professor of law and international relations at International Christian University in Tokyo, discovered documents that pointed to a vigorous debate inside the government over how, and indeed whether, to notify Washington of Japan's intention to break off negotiations and start a war, including a December 7 entry in the war diary saying, \"our deceptive diplomacy is steadily proceeding toward success.\"",
"Of this, Iguchi said, \"The diary shows that the army and navy did not want to give any proper declaration of war, or indeed prior notice even of the termination of negotiations ... and they clearly prevailed.\""
] | [
5
] |
Terminology | What is pudding in UK countries? | Pudding | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"In the United Kingdom and most Commonwealth countries, \"pudding\" can be used to describe both sweet and savory dishes.",
"However, unless qualified, the term in everyday usage typically denotes a dessert; in the UK, \"pudding\" is used as synonym for a dessert course.",
"Dessert puddings are rich, fairly homogeneous starch- or dairy-based desserts such as rice pudding, steamed cake mixtures such as Treacle sponge pudding with or without the addition of ingredients such as dried fruits such as Christmas pudding.",
"Savory dishes include things such as Yorkshire pudding, black pudding, suet pudding and steak and kidney pudding.",
"In the United States and Canada, \"pudding\" characteristically denotes a sweet milk-based dessert similar in consistency to egg-based custards, instant custards or a mousse, often commercially set using gelatin or similar collagen agent such as the Jello brand line of products.",
"In Commonwealth countries these puddings are called custards (often shortened to curd) if they are egg-thickened, blancmange if starch-thickened, and jelly if gelatin based.",
"Pudding may also refer to other dishes such as bread and rice pudding, although typically these names derive from the origin as British dishes."
] | [
0
] |
Wartime destruction | What was Europe's condition at the end of WWII? | Marshall Plan | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"By the end of World War II, much of Europe was devastated.",
"Sustained aerial bombardment during the war had badly damaged most major cities, and industrial facilities were especially hard-hit.",
"The region's trade flows had been thoroughly disrupted; millions were in refugee camps living on aid from United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and other agencies.",
"Food shortages were severe, especially in the harsh winter of 1946–1947.",
"Especially damaged was transportation infrastructure, as railways, bridges, and docks had been specifically targeted by air strikes, while much merchant shipping had been sunk.",
"Although most small towns and villages had not suffered as much damage, the destruction of transportation left them economically isolated.",
"None of these problems could be easily remedied, as most nations engaged in the war had exhausted their treasuries in its execution.",
"The only major powers whose infrastructure had not been significantly harmed in World War II were the United States and Canada.",
"They were much more prosperous than before the war but exports were a small factor in their economy.",
"Much of the Marshall Plan aid would be used by the Europeans to buy manufactured goods and raw materials from the United States and Canada."
] | [
0
] |
Swarmer/in-fighter | What boxer is known for being hard to hit? | Boxing | true | 4SPORT
| [
9
] | [
"In-fighters/swarmers (sometimes called \"pressure fighters\") attempt to stay close to an opponent, throwing intense flurries and combinations of hooks and uppercuts.",
"A successful in-fighter often needs a good \"chin\" because swarming usually involves being hit with many jabs before they can maneuver inside where they are more effective.",
"In-fighters operate best at close range because they are generally shorter and have less reach than their opponents and thus are more effective at a short distance where the longer arms of their opponents make punching awkward.",
"However, several fighters tall for their division have been relatively adept at in-fighting as well as out-fighting.",
"The essence of a swarmer is non-stop aggression.",
"Many short in-fighters utilize their stature to their advantage, employing a bob-and-weave defense by bending at the waist to slip underneath or to the sides of incoming punches.",
"Unlike blocking, causing an opponent to miss a punch disrupts his balance, permits forward movement past the opponent's extended arm and keeps the hands free to counter.",
"A distinct advantage that in-fighters have is when throwing uppercuts where they can channel their entire bodyweight behind the punch; Mike Tyson was famous for throwing devastating uppercuts.",
"Marvin Hagler was known for his hard \"chin\", punching power, body attack and the stalking of his opponents.",
"Some in-fighters, like Mike Tyson, have been known for being notoriously hard to hit.",
"The key to a swarmer is aggression, endurance, chin, and bobbing-and-weaving.",
"Notable in-fighters include Julio César Chávez, Miguel Cotto, Joe Frazier, Danny García, Mike Tyson, Manny Pacquiao, Saúl Álvarez, Rocky Marciano, Jack Dempsey, Wayne McCullough, Harry Greb, David Tua and Ricky Hatton."
] | [
0
] |
Health | Who has the world oldest universal health care system? | Germany | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Germany has the world's oldest universal health care system, dating back to Bismarck's social legislation in 1883.",
"He stressed the importance of three key principles; solidarity, the government is responsible to ensure access by those who are in need, subsidiarity, policies are implemented with smallest no political and administrative influence, and corporatism, the government representative bodies in health care professions deems feasible procedures.",
"Since then there have been many reforms and provisions to ensure a balanced health care system.",
"Currently the population is covered by a fairly comprehensive health insurance plan provided by statute.",
"Certain groups of people (lifetime officials, self-employed persons, employees with high income) can opt out of the plan and switch to a private insurance contract.",
"Previously, these groups could also choose to do without insurance, but this option was dropped in 2009.",
"According to the World Health Organization, Germany's health care system was 77% government-funded and 23% privately funded .",
"In 2005, Germany spent 11% of its GDP on health care.",
"Germany ranked 20th in the world in life expectancy with 77 years for men and 82 years for women, and it had a very low infant mortality rate (4 per 1,000 live births)., the principal cause of death was cardiovascular disease, at 41%, followed by malignant tumours, at 26%., about 82,000 Germans had been infected with HIV/AIDS and 26,000 had died from the disease (cumulatively, since 1982).",
"This article may incorporate text from this source, which is in the public domain.</ref>According to a 2005 survey, 27% of German adults are smokers."
] | [
3
] |
Homeostasis | What is homeostasis? | Biology | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Homeostasis is the ability of an open system to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms.",
"All living organisms, whether unicellular or multicellular, exhibit homeostasis.",
"To maintain dynamic equilibrium and effectively carry out certain functions, a system must detect and respond to perturbations.",
"After the detection of a perturbation, a biological system normally responds through negative feedback.",
"This means stabilizing conditions by either reducing or increasing the activity of an organ or system.",
"One example is the release of glucagon when sugar levels are too low."
] | [
0
] |
After a marathon | How does one treat pain caused by DOMS | Marathon | false | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"Marathon participation may result in various medical, musculoskeletal, and dermatological complaints.",
"Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common condition affecting runners during the first week following a marathon.",
"Various types of mild exercise or massage have been recommended to alleviate pain secondary to DOMS.",
"Dermatological issues frequently include \"jogger's nipple\", \"jogger's toe\", and blisters.",
"The immune system is reportedly suppressed for a short time.",
"Changes to the blood chemistry may lead physicians to mistakenly diagnose heart malfunction.",
"After long training runs and the marathon itself, consuming carbohydrates to replace glycogen stores and protein to aid muscle recovery is commonly recommended.",
"In addition, soaking the lower half of the body for approximately 20 minutes in cold or ice water may force blood through the leg muscles to speed recovery."
] | [
5
] |
Administrative divisions | Where does the Pakistani Government excercise "de facto" jurisdiction. | Pakistan | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Pakistan is a federation of four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, as well as the Islamabad Capital Territory and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas in the northwest, which include the Frontier Regions.",
"The government of Pakistan exercises \"de facto\" jurisdiction over the western parts of the disputed Kashmir region, organised into the separate political entities Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan (formerly Northern Areas).",
"The \"Gilgit–Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order\" of 2009 assigned a province-like status to the latter, giving it self-government.",
"Local government follows a three-tier system of districts, tehsils and union councils, with an elected body at each tier.",
"There are about 130 districts altogether, of which Azad Kashmir has ten and Gilgit–Baltistan seven.",
"The Tribal Areas comprise seven tribal agencies and six small frontier regions detached from neighbouring districts.",
"Law enforcement in Pakistan is carried out by federal and provincial police agencies.",
"The four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory each have a civilian police force with jurisdiction limited to the relevant province or territory.",
"At the federal level, there are a number of civilian agencies with nationwide jurisdictions; including the Federal Investigation Agency, the National Highways and Motorway Police, and several paramilitary forces such as the Pakistan Rangers and the Frontier Corps.",
"The court system of Pakistan is organised as a hierarchy, with the Supreme Court at the apex, below which are High Courts, Federal Shariat Courts (one in each province and one in the federal capital), District Courts (one in each district), Judicial Magistrate Courts (in every town and city), Executive Magistrate Courts and Civil Courts.",
"Pakistan's penal code has limited jurisdiction in the Tribal Areas, where law is largely derived from tribal customs."
] | [
4
] |
Popping mechanism | What happens when the foam cools? | Popcorn | false | 9FOOD
| [
6
] | [
"Each kernel of popcorn contains a certain amount of moisture and oil.",
"Unlike most other grains, the outer hull of the popcorn kernel is both strong and impervious to moisture and the starch inside consists almost entirely of a hard, dense type.",
"As the oil and the water around the kernel are heated, they turn the moisture in the kernel, which has a moisture-proof hull, into a superheated pressurized steam.",
"Under these conditions, the starch inside the kernel gelatinizes, softens, and becomes pliable.",
"The pressure continues to increase until the breaking point of the hull is reached: a pressure of about and a temperature of .",
"The hull ruptures rapidly, causing a sudden drop in pressure inside the kernel and a corresponding rapid expansion of the steam, which expands the starch and proteins of the endosperm into airy foam.",
"As the foam rapidly cools, the starch and protein polymers set into the familiar crispy puff.",
"Special varieties are grown to give improved popping yield.",
"Some wild types will pop, but the cultivated strain is \"Zea mays everta\", which is a special kind of flint corn."
] | [
2,
0
] |
Nature of sale | How did James Loewen say the US acquired lands? | Louisiana Purchase | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"The historian James Loewen is among those who assert that the United States purchased only France's claim to the Louisiana Territory, as the land belonged to the tribes who inhabited the area.",
"In his view, the US acquired the lands slowly throughout the nineteenth century by purchases from individual Native American tribes and by wars against them.",
"The question is discussed at length in the article on Aboriginal title in the United States, as well as in articles on the American Indian Wars and the U.S. Supreme Court case \"Johnson v. M'Intosh\"."
] | [
5
] |
Fine arts | In what year did the government take the step of defining the literature of different languages | Malaysia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
20
] | [
"Traditional Malaysian art was mainly centred around the areas of carving, weaving, and silversmithing.",
"Traditional art ranges from handwoven baskets from rural areas to the silverwork of the Malay courts.",
"Common artworks included ornamental kris, beetle nut sets, and woven batik and songket fabrics.",
"Indigenous East Malaysians are known for their wooden masks.",
"Each ethnic group have distinct performing arts, with little overlap between them.",
"However, Malay art does show some North Indian influence due to the historical influence of India.",
"Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to have originated in the Kelantan-Pattani region with influences from India, China, Thailand and Indonesia.",
"The music is based around percussion instruments, the most important of which is the gendang (drum).",
"There are at least 14 types of traditional drums.",
"Drums and other traditional percussion instruments and are often made from natural materials.",
"Music is traditionally used for storytelling, celebrating life-cycle events, and occasions such as a harvest.",
"It was once used as a form of long-distance communication.",
"In East Malaysia, gong-based musical ensembles such as agung and kulintang are commonly used in ceremonies such as funerals and weddings.",
"These ensembles are also common in neighbouring regions such as in Mindanao in the Philippines, Kalimantan in Indonesia, and Brunei.",
"Malaysia has a strong oral tradition that has existed since before the arrival of writing, and continues today.",
"Each of the Malay Sultanates created their own literary tradition, influenced by pre-existing oral stories and by the stories that came with Islam.",
"The first Malay literature was in the Arabic script.",
"The earliest known Malay writing is on the Terengganu stone, made in 1303.",
"Chinese and Indian literature became common as the numbers of speakers increased in Malaysia, and locally produced works based in languages from those areas began to be produced in the 19th century.",
"English has also become a common literary language.",
"In 1971, the government took the step of defining the literature of different languages.",
"Literature written in Malay was called \"the national literature of Malaysia\", literature in other \"bumiputera\" languages was called \"regional literature\", while literature in other languages was called \"sectional literature\".",
"Malay poetry is highly developed, and uses many forms.",
"The \"Hikayat\" form is popular, and the \"pantun\" has spread from Malay to other languages."
] | [
0
] |
Accommodation | How many people can the theatre at the Eiffel Tower seat? | Eiffel Tower | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"When built, the first level contained three restaurants (one French, one Russian and one Flemish) and an \"Anglo-American Bar\".",
"After the exposition closed the Flemish restaurant was converted to a 250 seat theatre.",
"A promenade ran around the outside.",
"On the third level there were laboratories for various experiments and a small apartment reserved for Gustave Eiffel to entertain guests.",
"This is now open to the public, complete with period decorations and lifelike models of Gustave and some guests."
] | [
5
] |
Reception | What score did Batman Begins receive on the website Rotten Tomatoes? | Batman Begins | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Batman Begins\" has received positive reviews from critics.",
"Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 85% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 263 reviews, with an average score of 7.7/10, making the film a \"Certified Fresh\" on the website's rating system.",
"At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 70, based on 41 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\".",
"Additionally, the film was a success with audiences who, when polled by CinemaScore, awarded the film an A grade.",
"James Berardinelli applauded Nolan and Goyer's work creating more understanding into \"who is and what motivates him\", something Berardinelli felt Tim Burton's film lacked; at the same time, Berardinelli felt the romantic aspect between Bale and Holmes did not work because the actors lacked the chemistry Christopher Reeve and Margot Kidder (\"Superman\"), or Tobey Maguire and Kirsten Dunst (\"Spider-Man\") shared in their respective roles.",
"According to \"Total Film\", Nolan manages to create such strong characters and story that the third-act action sequences cannot compare to \"the frisson of two people talking\", and Katie Holmes and Christian Bale's romantic subplot has a spark \"refreshingly free of Peter Parker/Mary Jane-style whining\".",
"\"Los Angeles Times\" Kenneth Turan, who felt the film began slowly, stated that the \"story, psychology and reality, not special effects\", assisted the darkness behind Batman's arsenal; he noted that Neeson and Holmes, unlike Bale's ability to \"feel his role in his bones\", do not appear to fit their respective characters in \"being both comic-book archetypes and real people\".",
"\"The New Yorker\" David Denby did not share Berardinelli and Turan's opinion.",
"He was unimpressed with the film, when comparing it to the two Tim Burton films, and that Christian Bale's presence was hindered by the \"dull earnestness of the screenplay\", the final climax was \"cheesy and unexciting\", and that Nolan had resorted to imitating the \"fakery\" used by other filmmakers when filming action sequences.",
"Michael Wilmington of the \"Chicago Tribune\" believed Nolan and Goyer managed to \"comfortably mix the tormented drama and revenge motifs with light hearted gags and comic book allusions,\" and that Nolan takes the series out of the \"slam-bang Hollywood jokefests\" the franchise had drifted into.",
"Comic book scribe and editor Dennis O'Neil stated that he \"felt the filmmakers really understood the character they were translating\", citing this film as the best of the live-action \"Batman\" films.",
"In contrast, J.R. Jones, from the \"Chicago Reader\", criticized the script, and Nolan and David Goyer for not living up to the \"hype about exploring Batman's damaged psyche\".",
"Roger Ebert, who gave mixed reviews to the previous films, wrote this was \"the \"Batman\" movie I've been waiting for; more correctly, this is the movie I did not realize I was waiting for\".",
"Giving it four out of four stars, he commended the realistic portrayals of the Batman arsenal – the Batsuit, Batcave, Tumbler, and the Batsignal – as well as the focus on \"the story and character\" with less stress on \"high-tech action\".",
"Like Berardinelli, \"USA Today\"s Mike Clark thought Bale performed the role of Batman as well as he did Patrick Bateman in \"American Psycho\", but that the relationship between Bruce Wayne and Rachel Dawes was \"frustratingly underdeveloped\".",
"Kyle Smith thought Bale exhibited \"both the menace and the wit he showed in his brilliant turn in \"American Psycho\"\", and that the film works so well because of the realism, stating, \"Batman starts stripping away each layer of Gotham crime only to discover a sicker and more monstrous evil beneath, his rancid city simultaneously invokes early '90s New York, when criminals frolicked to the tune of five murders a day; \"Serpico\" New York, when cops were for sale; and today, when psychos seek to kill us all at once rather than one by one.\"",
"In contrast, Salon.com's Stephanie Zacharek felt Nolan did not deliver the emotional depth expected of \"one of the most soulful and tortured superheroes of all\"; she thought Bale, unlike Michael Keaton whom she compared him to, failed to connect with the audience underneath the mask, but that Gary Oldman succeeded in \"emotional complexity\" where the rest of the movie failed.",
"Film director Tim Burton felt Nolan \"captured the real spirit that these kind of movies are supposed to have nowadays.",
"When I did \"Batman\" twenty years ago, in 1988 or something, it was a different time in comic book movies.",
"You couldn't go into that dark side of comics yet.",
"The last couple of years that has become acceptable and Nolan certainly got more to the root of what the \"Batman\" comics are about.\""
] | [
0
] |
Home media | When was Terminator Salvation released on Blu-ray? | Terminator Salvation | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"The DVD and Blu-ray Disc of the film was released on December 1, 2009.",
"The former contains the theatrical cut of the film with a featurette on the Mototerminators.",
"The Blu-ray features both the theatrical cut and the R-rated Director's cut, which is three minutes longer (118 minutes), with bonus material including Maximum Movie Mode, a video commentary in which director McG talks about the film while it plays, featurettes, a video archive, and a digital comic of the first issue of the official film prequel comic.",
"Both versions include a digital copy of the theatrical cut for portable media players.",
"Target Stores will be the only retailer to carry the Director's Cut on DVD.",
"On its first week of retail, \"Terminator Salvation\" debuted at the top spot of the Blu-ray charts, and on second in the DVD charts, behind \"Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian\".",
"The film made $29,811,432 in domestic DVD sales bringing its total gross to $401,439,971 "
] | [
2
] |
Terminology | What is dessert called in the United Kingdom? | Pudding | true | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"In the United Kingdom and most Commonwealth countries, \"pudding\" can be used to describe both sweet and savory dishes.",
"However, unless qualified, the term in everyday usage typically denotes a dessert; in the UK, \"pudding\" is used as synonym for a dessert course.",
"Dessert puddings are rich, fairly homogeneous starch- or dairy-based desserts such as rice pudding, steamed cake mixtures such as Treacle sponge pudding with or without the addition of ingredients such as dried fruits such as Christmas pudding.",
"Savory dishes include things such as Yorkshire pudding, black pudding, suet pudding and steak and kidney pudding.",
"In the United States and Canada, \"pudding\" characteristically denotes a sweet milk-based dessert similar in consistency to egg-based custards, instant custards or a mousse, often commercially set using gelatin or similar collagen agent such as the Jello brand line of products.",
"In Commonwealth countries these puddings are called custards (often shortened to curd) if they are egg-thickened, blancmange if starch-thickened, and jelly if gelatin based.",
"Pudding may also refer to other dishes such as bread and rice pudding, although typically these names derive from the origin as British dishes."
] | [
0
] |
Cubism | "Synthetic cubism" is defined as? | Pablo Picasso | true | 3ART
| [
3,
5
] | [
"Analytic cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colours.",
"Both artists took apart objects and \"analyzed\" them in terms of their shapes.",
"Picasso and Braque's paintings at this time share many similarities.",
"Synthetic cubism (1912–1919) was a further development of the genre, in which cut paper fragments – often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages – were pasted into compositions, marking the first use of collage in fine art.",
"In Paris, Picasso entertained a distinguished coterie of friends in the Montmartre and Montparnasse quarters, including André Breton, poet Guillaume Apollinaire, writer Alfred Jarry, and Gertrude Stein.",
"Apollinaire was arrested on suspicion of stealing the \"Mona Lisa\" from the Louvre in 1911.",
"Apollinaire pointed to his friend Picasso, who was also brought in for questioning, but both were later exonerated."
] | [] |
Architecture | What style did the city have a church built in? | Norway | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
9
] | [
"With expansive forests, Norway has had a tradition of building in wood.",
"Many of today's most interesting new buildings are made of wood, reflecting the strong appeal that this material continues to hold for Norwegian designers and builders.",
"With Norway's conversion to Christianity some 1,000 years ago, churches were constructed.",
"Stonework architecture was introduced from Europe for the most important structures, beginning with the construction of Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.",
"In the early Middle Ages, wooden stave churches were constructed throughout Norway.",
"Many of them have survived and represent Norway's most unique contribution to architectural history.",
"A fine example is Urnes Stave Church, which is now on UNESCO's World Heritage List.",
"Another notable example of wooden architecture are buildings at the Bryggen Wharf in Bergen, consisting of a row of narrow wooden structures along the quayside.",
"In the 17th century, under the Danish monarchy, cities and villages such as Kongsberg and Røros were established.",
"The city had a church built in the Baroque style.",
"Traditional wooden buildings were constructed in Røros which have survived changes since then.",
"After Norway's union with Denmark was dissolved in 1814, Oslo became the capital.",
"The architect Christian H. Grosch designed the earliest parts of the University of Oslo, the Oslo Stock Exchange, and many other buildings and churches constructed in that early national period.",
"At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Ålesund was rebuilt in the Art Nouveau style, influenced by styles of France.",
"The 1930s, when functionalism dominated, became a strong period for Norwegian architecture.",
"It is only since the late 20th century that Norwegian architects have achieved international renown.",
"One of the most striking modern buildings in Norway is the Sami Parliament in Kárášjohka, designed by Stein Halvorson and Christian Sundby.",
"Its debating chamber is an abstract timber version of a \"lavvo,\" the traditional tent used by the nomadic Sami people."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | In what neighborhood is Times Square located and between which streets does it stretch? | Times Square | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"Times Square is a major commercial intersection and a neighborhood in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, at the junction of Broadway (now converted into a pedestrian plaza) and Seventh Avenue and stretching from West 42nd to West 47th Streets.",
"Times Square – iconified as \"The Crossroads of the World\", \"The Center of the Universe\", and the \"The Great White Way\" – is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.",
"According to \"Travel + Leisure\" magazine's October 2011 survey, Times Square is the world's most visited tourist attraction, hosting over 39 million visitors annually.",
"Approximately 330,000 people pass through Times Square daily, many of whom are either tourists or people working in the area.",
"Formerly Longacre Square, Times Square was renamed in April 1904 after \"The New York Times\" moved its headquarters to the newly erected Times Building – now called One Times Square – site of the annual ball drop on New Year's Eve, a tradition which began on December 31, 1907 and continues today, attracting thousands to the Square every New Year's.",
"The northern triangle of Times Square is technically Duffy Square, dedicated in 1937 to Chaplain Francis P. Duffy of New York City's \"Fighting 69th\" Infantry Regiment; a memorial to Duffy is located there, along with a statue of George M. Cohan, and the TKTS discount theater tickets booth.",
"The stepped red roof of the TKTS booth also provides seating for various events.",
"The Duffy Statue and the square were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001."
] | [
0
] |
Riding | What are the tricks? | Wakeboarding | true | 4SPORT
| [
8
] | [
"Using edging techniques, the rider can move outside of the wake or cut rapidly in toward the wake.",
"Jumps are performed by riding towards and up the wake and launching into the air.",
"This can also be done by riding up a kicker (a jump).",
"There is also the slider (a rail bar) in which a rider approaches and rides along keeping his balance.",
"Once a rider improves in the sport, he or she can progress to tricks high in the air.",
"As the rider edges towards the wake against the pull of the rope, the rider builds pressure against the water on the bottom of the board and gains speed and momentum toward the wake.",
"When the rider rides up the wake, the energy of the wake launches him airborne.",
"While in the air, the rider attempts to do tricks.",
"Tricks vary from beginner to advanced."
] | [
0
] |
Plot | How does Sitterson find out that Marty is still alive? | The Cabin in the Woods | false | 6MOVIES
| [
17
] | [
"Working from a hidden underground facility, senior technicians Gary Sitterson and Steve Hadley initiate plans for a mysterious ritual – reportedly one of several others taking place around the world.",
"Also present is specialist Wendy Lin, who discloses that a similar operation undertaken by their Swedish counterparts has just ended in failure.",
"Meanwhile, American college students Dana Polk, Holden McCrea, Marty Mikalski, Jules Louden, and Curt Vaughan are spending their weekend at a seemingly deserted cabin in the forest.",
"It soon becomes clear that Sitterson and Hadley are manipulating this setting from afar, even intoxicating the teenagers with psychotropic drugs that gradually hinder rational thinking while increasing libido.",
"After the door to the cabin's darkened cellar swings open on its own during a tipsy game of \"Truth or Dare\", for example, both technicians coerce their charges into investigating the contents within.",
"The group soon uncovers a plentiful assortment of bizarre articles, including an old diary once maintained by Patience Buckner, onetime cabin resident abused by her sadistic family.",
"Dana, who takes an interest in Patience, subsequently recites incantations from the journal and inadvertently summons the zombified Buckner clan.",
"Leaving Dana, Holden, and Marty behind with the book, Curt and Jules retire outside – where Hadley successfully induces them to have sex.",
"Set upon by marauding Buckners, Jules is decapitated but Curt escapes, sounding the alarm.",
"Marty, a frequent marijuana smoker, becomes justifiably paranoid, declaring that unseen figureheads have been toying with their crisis.",
"Locating concealed surveillance equipment, he theorizes that the predicament may be a gimmick for reality television before being dragged off to be killed by Judah Buckner.",
"Terrified, Curt, Holden, and Dana attempt escape in their RV, though Sitterson triggers a tunnel collapse, rendering the highway impassable.",
"Curt jumps a ravine on his motorcycle in a desperate bid to reach an adjoining road, but is killed crashing into a camouflaged force shield - apparently erected by the technicians.",
"His demise convinces Dana that Marty's concerns may have been founded.",
"Veering off the tarmac, the RV plummets into a nearby lake after Father Buckner surfaces inside and stabs Holden.",
"Dana survives the impact, but is confronted by Matthew Buckner when she swims ashore.",
"As he delivers his final blow, the Facility staff celebrate the completion of their ritual.",
"Sitterson receives a phone call informing him that Marty is still alive.",
"Rescuing Dana, Marty reveals that he was able to overpower his assailant upon being taken into an obscured elevator.",
"They infiltrate the Facility, where a menagerie of monsters are imprisoned.",
"Dana observes a cenobite-like creature clutching a globe she observed in the cabin's cellar, indicating that the items there dictate which monster will be unleashed on its concurrent occupants.",
"She and Marty are cornered by a private security team, but before they can be captured, manage to release the monsters, which run rampant throughout and slaughter the Facility's staff, including Hadley.",
"Sitterson escapes, only to be inadvertently stabbed by Dana in the lower levels of the building.",
"Upon entering an underground temple, the two survivors meet the project Director who explains that every year worldwide rituals commence to appease malevolent beings identified only as \"Ancient Ones\" living beneath the Facility, they are kept in perpetual slumber through an annual pars pro toto sacrifice of five young people embodying certain archetypes: the Whore (Jules), the Athlete (Curt), the Scholar (Holden), the Fool (Marty), and the Virgin (Dana).",
"The order in which intended victims perish is flexible, as long as the Whore is first and the Virgin is last (or optionally survives, so long as the others die).",
"The Director urges Dana to shoot Marty, completing the ritual, but they are interrupted by a werewolf which Marty fends off after it attacked Dana.",
"Patience Buckner arrives, killing the Director, and Marty pushes them into a chasm.",
"Dana and Marty accept that it might be better for another species to take humanity's place if this is the price of its continued existence.",
"They share a final joint as an Ancient One finally stirs, destroying the Facility."
] | [
5
] |
World War I | Who led the rise of the Bolshevik Party? | Treaty of Versailles | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"World War I.",
"The First World War (1914–1918) was fought across Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia.",
"Countries beyond the war zones were also affected by the disruption of international trade, finance and diplomatic pressures from the belligerents.",
"In 1917, two revolutions occurred within the Russian Empire, which led to the collapse of the Imperial Government and the rise of the Bolshevik Party led by Vladimir Lenin."
] | [
3
] |
Astrophysics | The Big Bang model relies on general relativity and what? | Physics | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
9
] | [
"Astrophysics and astronomy are the application of the theories and methods of physics to the study of stellar structure, stellar evolution, the origin of the solar system, and related problems of cosmology.",
"Because astrophysics is a broad subject, astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.",
"The discovery by Karl Jansky in 1931 that radio signals were emitted by celestial bodies initiated the science of radio astronomy.",
"Most recently, the frontiers of astronomy have been expanded by space exploration.",
"Perturbations and interference from the earth's atmosphere make space-based observations necessary for infrared, ultraviolet, gamma-ray, and X-ray astronomy.",
"Physical cosmology is the study of the formation and evolution of the universe on its largest scales.",
"Albert Einstein's theory of relativity plays a central role in all modern cosmological theories.",
"In the early 20th century, Hubble's discovery that the universe is expanding, as shown by the Hubble diagram, prompted rival explanations known as the steady state universe and the Big Bang.",
"The Big Bang was confirmed by the success of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1964.",
"The Big Bang model rests on two theoretical pillars: Albert Einstein's general relativity and the cosmological principle.",
"Cosmologists have recently established the ΛCDM model of the evolution of the universe, which includes cosmic inflation, dark energy, and dark matter.",
"Numerous possibilities and discoveries are anticipated to emerge from new data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope over the upcoming decade and vastly revise or clarify existing models of the universe.",
"In particular, the potential for a tremendous discovery surrounding dark matter is possible over the next several years.",
"Fermi will search for evidence that dark matter is composed of weakly interacting massive particles, complementing similar experiments with the Large Hadron Collider and other underground detectors.IBEX is already yielding new astrophysical discoveries: \"No one knows what is creating the ENA (energetic neutral atoms) ribbon\" along the termination shock of the solar wind, \"but everyone agrees that it means the textbook picture of the heliosphere — in which the solar system's enveloping pocket filled with the solar wind's charged particles is plowing through the onrushing 'galactic wind' of the interstellar medium in the shape of a comet — is wrong.\""
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What does Australia rank, compared to other countries, when it comes to total area? | Australia | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.",
"It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area.",
"Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.",
"For at least 40,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians,who spoke languages grouped into roughly 250 language groups.",
"After the discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788.",
"The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.",
"On 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia.",
"Since Federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy.",
"The federation comprises six states and several territories.",
"The population of 23.1 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated in the eastern states.",
"Australia is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the world's 12th-largest economy.",
"In 2012 Australia had the world's fifth-highest per capita income, Australia's military expenditure is the world's 13th-largest.",
"With the second-highest human development index globally, Australia ranks highly in many international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, and the protection of civil liberties and political rights.",
"Australia is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the Pacific Islands Forum."
] | [
2,
0
] |
Events | On the single day of the October Revolution, what was the number of individuals killed? | October Revolution | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
21
] | [
"On , the Bolsheviks' Central Committee voted 10-2 for a resolution saying that \"an armed uprising is inevitable, and that the time for it is fully ripe\".",
"On , Bolshevik leader Jaan Anvelt led his leftist revolutionaries in an uprising in Tallinn, the capital of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.",
"Two days later, Bolsheviks led their forces in the uprising in Petrograd (modern day Saint Petersburg), the capital of Russia, against the Kerensky Provisional Government.",
"For the most part, the revolt in Petrograd was bloodless, with the Red Guards led by Bolsheviks taking over major government facilities with little opposition before finally launching an assault on the poorly defended Winter Palace.",
"The official Soviet version of events follows: An assault led by Vladimir Lenin was launched at 9:45 p.m. signaled by a blank shot from the cruiser \"Aurora\".",
"(The \"Aurora\" was placed in Petrograd and still stands there now.)",
"The Winter Palace was guarded by Cossacks, cadets (military students), and a Women's Battalion.",
"It was taken at about 2 a.m.",
"The earlier date was made the official date of the Revolution, when all offices except the Winter Palace had been taken.",
"More contemporary research with access to government archives significantly corrects accepted Soviet edited and embellished history.",
"The archival version shows that parties of Bolshevik operatives sent out from the Smolny by Lenin took over all critical centers of power in Petrograd in the early hours of the night without a shot being fired.",
"In fact the effectively unoccupied Winter Palace also was taken bloodlessly by a small group which broke in, got lost in the cavernous interior, and accidentally happened upon the remnants of Kerensky's provisional government in the imperial family's breakfast room.",
"The illiterate revolutionaries then compelled those arrested to write up their own arrest papers.",
"The stories of the \"defense of the Winter Palace\" and the heroic \"Storming of the Winter Palace\" came later as the creative propaganda product of Bolshevik publicists.",
"Grandiose paintings depicting the \"Women's Battalion\" and photo stills taken from Sergei Eisenstein's staged film depicting the \"politically correct\" version of the October events in Petrograd came to be taken as truth.",
"Later official accounts of the revolution from the Soviet Union would depict the events in October as being far more dramatic than they actually had been.",
"(See firsthand account by British General Knox.)",
"This was helped by the historical reenactment, entitled \"The Storming of the Winter Palace\", which was staged in 1920.",
"This reenactment, watched by 100,000 spectators, provided the model for official films made much later, which showed a huge storming of the Winter Palace and fierce fighting (See Sergei Eisenstein's \"\").",
"In reality the Bolshevik insurgents faced little or no opposition.",
"The insurrection was timed and organized to hand state power to the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which began on 25 October.",
"After a single day of revolution eighteen people had been arrested and two had been killed."
] | [
0
] |
Critical response | How many stars did Kung Fu Panda get in Peter Howell's review? | Kung Fu Panda | true | 6MOVIES
| [
10
] | [
"Critical response.",
"\"Kung Fu Panda\" has received positive reviews from critics.",
"Rotten Tomatoes reported that 88% of 164 critics gave the film a positive review.",
"The film has an approval rating of 76% from a select group of critics and an approval rating of 83% from users of the site.",
"Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 73 out of 100, based on 33 reviews.",
"Richard Corliss of \"Time Magazine\" gave \"Kung Fu Panda\" a positive review, stating the picture \"provides a master course in cunning visual art and ultra-satisfying entertainment\".",
"\"The New York Times\" said, \"At once fuzzy-wuzzy and industrial strength, the tacky-sounding \"Kung Fu Panda\" is high concept with a heart,\" and the review called the film \"consistently diverting\" and \"visually arresting\".",
"Chris Barsanti of \"Filmcritic.com\" commented, \"Blazing across the screen with eye-popping, sublime artwork, \"Kung Fu Panda\" sets itself apart from the modern domestic animation trend with its sheer beauty [...] the film enters instant classic status as some of the most gorgeous animation Hollywood has produced since the golden age of Disney.\"",
"Michael Phillips of the \"Chicago Tribune\" called the film \"one of the few comedies of 2008 in any style or genre that knows what it’s doing\".",
"However, Tom Charity of CNN criticized the action for \" to blur into a whirlwind of slapstick chaos\" and considered the character of Po similar to others played by Black.",
"Peter Howell of \"The Toronto Star\" awarded the film two and a half stars, considering it to have a \"lack of story\" that \"frequently manages to amuse, if not entirely to delight\"."
] | [
5
] |
Corkspin | How is a cork spun ball countered? | Table tennis | true | 4SPORT
| [
5
] | [
"This type of spin is almost exclusively employed in service, but it is also used from time to time in the lob at the professional level.",
"Unlike any of the aforementioned techniques, corkspin (sometimes referred to as \"drill-spin\") features a unique situation in which the axis of spin is more or less parallel to the trajectory of the ball.",
"This means that the Magnus effect will have little to no effect on the trajectory of a cork-spun ball.",
"Upon bouncing, the ball will dart right or left, depending on the direction of the spin, making it very difficult to return.",
"Although in theory this type of spin produces the most obnoxious effects, it is not as strategically practical as sidespin or backspin in terms of the limitations that it imposes upon the opponent during their return.",
"Aside from the initial direction change when bouncing, provided that it does not exceed the reach of the opponent, a cork-spun ball is easily countered with topspin \"or\" backspin.",
"Similar to a backspin stroke, the corkspin stroke has a lower maximum velocity, simply due to the contact angle of the racket when producing the stroke.",
"To impart a spin on the ball which is parallel to its trajectory, the racket must be swung more or less perpendicular to the trajectory of the ball.",
"This greatly limits the amount of forward momentum that can be transferred to the ball by the racket.",
"Corkspin is almost always mixed with another variety of spin, as it is less effective and harder to produce on its own."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | Is it regional for the taste of Udon? | Udon | true | 9FOOD
| [
5,
6
] | [
"Udon is often served hot as a noodle soup in its simplest form, as \"kake udon\", in a mildly flavoured broth called \"kakejiru,\" which is made of dashi, soy sauce (shōyu), and mirin.",
"It is usually topped with thinly chopped scallions.",
"Other common toppings include tempura, often prawn or \"kakiage\" (a type of mixed tempura fritter), or \"aburaage\", a type of deep-fried tofu pockets seasoned with sugar, mirin, and soy sauce.",
"A thin slice of kamaboko, a halfmoon-shaped fish cake, is often added.",
"Shichimi can be added to taste.",
"The flavor of broth and topping vary from region to region.",
"Usually, dark brown broth, made from dark soy sauce (\"koikuchi shōyu\"), is used in eastern Japan, and light brown broth, made from light soy sauce (\"usukuchi shōyu\"), is used in western Japan.",
"This is even noticeable in packaged instant noodles, which are often sold in two different versions for east and west."
] | [] |
Western-style sushi | In which country can one find "Futomaki" rolls? | Sushi | true | 9FOOD
| [
10
] | [
"The increasing popularity of \"sushi\" around the world has resulted in variations typically found in the Western world, but rarely in Japan (a notable exception to this is the use of salmon which was introduced by the Norwegians in the early 1980s).",
"Such creations to suit the Western palate were initially fueled by the invention of the California roll (a \"norimaki\" with crab (later, imitation crab), cucumber, and avocado).",
"A wide variety of popular rolls (\"norimaki\" and \"uramaki\") has evolved since.",
"Though the menu names of dishes often vary by restaurant, some examples include:Other rolls may include pretty much anything, including chopped scallops, spicy tuna, beef or chicken teriyaki roll, okra, and assorted vegetables such as cucumber and avocado.",
"Since rolls are usually made to-order, it is not unusual for the customer to specify the exact ingredients desired.",
"Sometimes, rolls are made with brown rice or black rice, which appear in Japanese cuisine as well.",
"An \"uramaki\" (inside-out roll) allows draping ingredients on the outside of the roll in addition to the inside.",
"Examples include the rainbow roll (an inside-out topped with thinly sliced \"maguro, hamachi, ebi, sake\" and avocado) and the caterpillar roll (an inside-out topped with thinly sliced avocado).",
"Also commonly found is the \"rock and roll\" (an inside-out roll with barbecued freshwater eel and avocado with toasted sesame seeds on the outside) and the \"tempura roll\", where shrimp tempura is inside the roll or the entire roll is battered and fried tempura-style.",
"In the Southern United States, many sushi restaurants prepare rolls using crawfish.",
"\"Futomaki\" roll is found widely within Japan.",
"Other types of Western-style sushi are also rarely seen in Japan."
] | [] |
In popular culture | How does Pastafarianism parody the Sistine Chapel ceiling? | Sistine Chapel ceiling | false | 3ART
| [
5
] | [
"In many works, the painting of God and Adam are parodied.",
"See The Creation of Adam for more.",
"In the film \"2012\", the entire College of Cardinals are seen praying silently under the ceiling.",
"The ceiling then starts to crack, commencing at the point where God's and Adam's fingers nearly touch, dividing the two.",
"In \"\", the Sistine chapel is seen falling after 500 years.",
"In Pastafarianism, a parody of the painting is shown as the Flying Spaghetti Monster reaching a noodly appendage out to Adam.",
"Playwright Neil Simon's quote about the Sistine floor-\"If no one took any risks, Michaelangelo would have painted the Sistine floor.",
"\"",
"The 1965 film \"The Agony and the Ecstasy\" features the story of Michelangelo and his travails in painting the Sistine Chapel.",
"He is portrayed in the film by Charlton Heston.",
"In the 2009 film \"Angels & Demons\" and also in the 2000 book on which the film is based, the chapel is featured throughout the story."
] | [
5
] |
Comparisons of speed and athletic requirements | Do formal studies on players physical condition exist? | Badminton | true | 4SPORT
| [
6
] | [
"Statistics such as the smash speed, above, prompt badminton enthusiasts to make other comparisons that are more contentious.",
"For example, it is often claimed that badminton is the fastest racquet sport.",
"Although badminton holds the record for the fastest initial speed of a racket sports projectile, the shuttlecock decelerates substantially faster than other projectiles such as tennis balls.",
"In turn, this qualification must be qualified by consideration of the distance over which the shuttlecock travels: a smashed shuttlecock travels a shorter distance than a tennis ball during a serve.",
"Badminton's claim as the fastest racquet sport might also be based on reaction time requirements, but arguably table tennis requires even faster reaction times.",
"While fans of badminton and tennis often claim that their sport is the more physically demanding, such comparisons are difficult to make objectively because of the differing demands of the games.",
"No formal study currently exists evaluating the physical condition of the players or demands during game play."
] | [] |
International lacrosse | What organization was the US team admitted to in 1990? | Lacrosse | false | 4SPORT
| [
20
] | [
"Lacrosse has been played for the most part in Canada and the United States, with small but dedicated lacrosse communities in the United Kingdom and Australia.",
"Recently, however, lacrosse has begun to flourish at an international level, with teams being established particularly in Europe and east Asia.",
"With lacrosse not having been an official Olympic sport since 1908, the pinnacle of international lacrosse competition consists of the quadrennial World Championships.",
"Begun in 1968, world championships began as a four-team invitational tournament sponsored by the International Lacrosse Federation.",
"Until 1986, lacrosse world championships had been contested only by the US, Canada, England, and Australia.",
"Scotland and Wales had teams competing in the women's edition.",
"They are now held for lacrosse at senior men, senior women, under 19 men and under 19 women levels.",
"With the expansion of the game internationally, the 2006 Men's World Championship was contested by 21 countries and the Iroquois Nationals, representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.",
"They are the only Native American/First Nations team to compete internationally.",
"The 2009 Women's World Cup was competed for by 16 nations.",
"In 2003, the first World Indoor Lacrosse Championship was contested by six nations at four sites in Ontario.",
"Canada won the championship in a final game against the Iroquois Nationals, 21-4.",
"The 2007 WILC was held in Halifax from May 14–20, and also won by Canada.",
"Competition included the Iroquois Nationals and teams from Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, England, Ireland, Scotland, and the United States.",
"The World Lacrosse Championships have been dominated by the United States, particularly in the men's game.",
"Its only world championship game losses at either level was in the 1978 final and 2006 final, both to Canada.",
"The USA has won 9 of the 11 senior men's and all six under-19 men's tournaments to date.",
"In the women's game, Australia has provided stiffer competition, having won 6 of 14 games against the USA at senior world championships, including one draw.",
"The USA has won 6 of the 8 senior women's, and 2 of the 3 under-19 women's tournaments to date, with the other world championships won by Australia.",
"The Iroquois Nationals are a team with members representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.",
"The team was admitted to the International Lacrosse Federation (ILF) in 1990.",
"It is the only First Nations team sanctioned to compete in any sport internationally.",
"The Nationals placed fourth in the 1998, 2002 and 2006 World Lacrosse Championships.",
"In 2008, the Iroquois were admitted as the Haudenosunee Nation to the International Federation of Women's Lacrosse Associations (IFWLA), since merged with the FIL (see below)."
] | [
0
] |
Cloning extinct and endangered species | When did the museum announce it was stopping the project | Cloning | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
12
] | [
" extinct and endangered species.",
"Cloning, or more precisely, the reconstruction of functional DNA from extinct species has, for decades, been a dream of some scientists.",
"Current cloning techniques have an average success rate of less than 5 percent, even when working with familiar species; cloning wild animals is usually less than 1 percent successful.",
"The possible implications of this were dramatized in the best-selling novel by Michael Crichton and high budget Hollywood thriller \"Jurassic Park\".",
"Early hopes to save species through cloning have been dashed as the difficulties of cloning any species have made progress very slow.",
"Several tissue banks have come into existence, including the \"Frozen Zoo\" at the San Diego Zoo, to store frozen tissue from the world's rarest and most endangered species.",
"In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days.",
"In 2003, a banteng was successfully cloned, followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo.",
"These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species.",
"Anticipating this possibility, tissue samples from the last \"bucardo\" (Pyrenean Ibex) were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after it died in 2000.",
"Researchers are also considering cloning endangered species such as the giant panda and cheetah.",
"In 2002, geneticists at the Australian Museum announced that they had replicated DNA of the Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger), at the time extinct for about 65 years, using polymerase chain reaction.",
"However, on February 15, 2005 the museum announced that it was stopping the project after tests showed the specimens' DNA had been too badly degraded by the (ethanol) preservative.",
"On 15 May 2005 it was announced that the Thylacine project would be revived, with new participation from researchers in New South Wales and Victoria.",
"In January 2009, for the first time, an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex mentioned above was cloned, at the Centre of Food Technology and Research of Aragon, using the preserved DNA of the skin samples from 2001 and domestic goat egg-cells.",
"The ibex died shortly after birth due to physical defects in its lungs.",
"One of the most anticipated targets for cloning was once the Woolly Mammoth, but attempts to extract DNA from frozen mammoths have been unsuccessful, though a joint Russo-Japanese team is currently working toward this goal.",
"In January 2011, it was reported by Yomiuri Shimbun that a team of scientists headed by Akira Iritani of Kyoto University had built upon research by Dr. Wakayama, saying that they will extract DNA from a mammoth carcass that had been preserved in a Russian laboratory and insert it into the egg cells of an African elephant in hopes of producing a mammoth embryo.",
"The researchers said they hoped to produce a baby mammoth within six years.",
"Scientists at the University of Newcastle and University of New South Wales announced in March 2013 that the very recently extinct gastric-brooding frog would be the subject of a cloning attempt to resurrect the species."
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | What was the total amount of people that died when the Titanic sunk? | Sinking of the RMS Titanic | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"The sinking of the RMS \"Titanic\" occurred on the night of 14 April through to the morning of 15 April 1912 in the north Atlantic Ocean, four days into her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City.",
"The largest passenger liner in service at the time, \"Titanic\" had an estimated 2,224 people on board when she struck an iceberg at 23:40 (ship's time) on Sunday, 14 April 1912.",
"Her sinking two hours and forty minutes later at 02:20 (05:18 GMT) on Monday, 15 April resulted in the deaths of more than 1,500 people, which made it one of the deadliest peacetime maritime disasters in history.",
"\"Titanic\" received six warnings of sea ice on 14 April but was travelling near her maximum speed when her crew sighted the iceberg.",
"Unable to turn quickly enough, the ship suffered a glancing blow that buckled her starboard (right) side and opened five of her sixteen compartments to the sea.",
"\"Titanic\" had been designed to stay afloat with four of her forward compartments flooded but not more, and the crew soon realised that the ship would sink.",
"They used rocket flares and radio (wireless) messages to attract help as the passengers were put into lifeboats.",
"However, in accordance with existing maritime practice, the ship was carrying far too few lifeboats for everyone (though slightly more than the law required), and many boats were not filled to their capacity due to a poorly managed evacuation.",
"The ship sank with over a thousand passengers and crew members still on board.",
"Almost all those who jumped or fell into the water died from hypothermia within minutes.",
"RMS \"Carpathia\" arrived on the scene about an hour and a half after the sinking and had rescued the last of the survivors in the lifeboats by 09:15 on 15 April, little more than 24 hours after \"Titanic\"s crew had received their first warnings of drifting ice.",
"The disaster caused widespread public outrage over the lack of lifeboats, lax shipping regulations, and the unequal treatment of the different passenger classes aboard the ship.",
"Inquiries set up in the wake of the disaster recommended sweeping changes to maritime regulations.",
"This led to the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), which still governs maritime safety today."
] | [
2,
0
] |
Specialty Job | How is ice cream sold on beaches? | Ice cream | false | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"Today, jobs specialize in the selling of ice cream.",
"The title of a person who works in this speciality is often called an 'ice cream man', however women also specialize in the selling of ice cream.",
"People in this line of work often sell ice cream on beaches.",
"On beaches, ice cream is either sold by a person who carries a box full of ice cream and is called over by people who want the purchase ice cream, or by a person who drives up to the top of the beach and rings a bell.",
"In the second method, people go up to the top of the beach and purchase ice cream straight from the ice cream seller, who is often in an ice cream van.",
"In Turkey and Australia, ice cream is sometimes sold to beach-goers from small powerboats equipped with chest freezers.",
"Some ice cream distributors sell ice cream products from traveling refrigerated vans or carts (commonly referred to in the US as \"ice cream trucks\"), sometimes equipped with speakers playing children's music.",
"The driver of an ice cream van drives throughout neighborhoods and stops every so often, usually every block.",
"The ice cream van is usually playing a jingle called \"Ice Cream\" by Andre Nickatina.",
"The seller on the ice cream van sells the ice cream through a large window; this window is also where the customer asks for ice cream and pays.",
"Ice cream vans in the United Kingdom make a music box noise rather than actual music."
] | [
5
] |
Accolades | What year did this film receive an Attitude Award? | How to Survive a Plague | true | 6MOVIES
| [
8
] | [
"",
"\"How to Survive a Plague\" received awards for best documentary of 2012 from the Gotham Independent Film Awards and from the Boston Society of Film Critics.",
"The Independent Spirit Awards nominated it for Best Documentary.",
"It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in the 85th Academy Awards.",
"The film also won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Documentary.",
"It was nominated for a Directors Guild Award and the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.",
"Critic A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" named \"How to Survive a Plague\" one of the best five documentaries of 2012.",
"Fellow \"New York Times\" critic Stephen Holden called the documentary the eighth best film of 2012.",
"It also won Documentary of the Year at Attitude magazine's Attitude Awards 2013."
] | [
0
] |
Transportation infrastructure | Which central and eastern European airport is the busiest? | Czech Republic | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Václav Havel Airport in Prague is the main international airport in the country.",
"In 2010, it handled 11.6 million passengers, which makes it the busiest airport in Central and Eastern Europe.",
"In total, Czech Republic has 46 airports with paved runways, six of which provide international air services in Brno, Karlovy Vary, Mošnov (near Ostrava), Pardubice, Prague and Kunovice (near Uherské Hradiště).České dráhy (the Czech railways) is the main railway operator in the Czech Republic, with about 180 million passengers carried yearly.",
"Its cargo division, ČD Cargo, is the fifth largest railway cargo operator in the European Union.",
"With of tracks, the Czech Republic has one of the densest railway networks in Europe.",
"Of that number, is electrified, are single-line tracks and are double and multiple-line tracks.",
"In 2006 the new Italian tilting trains Pendolino ČD Class 680 entered service.",
"They have reached a speed of 237 km/h setting a new Czech railway speed record.",
"Russia, via pipelines through Ukraine and to a lesser extent, Norway, via pipelines through Germany, supply the Czech Republic with liquid and natural gas.",
"The road network in the Czech Republic is long.",
"and 738,4 km of motorways and 439,1 km of expressways.",
"The speed limit is 50 km/h within towns, 90 km/h outside of towns and 130 km/h on expressways."
] | [] |
Mozhaisk defense line (13 – 30 October) | What is the best example of civilian fortifications extending the effectiveness of the Russian military? | Battle of Moscow | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
6
] | [
"Mozhaisk defense line (13 – 30 October).",
"By 13 October 1941, the \"Wehrmacht\" had reached the Mozhaisk defense line, a hastily constructed double set of fortifications protecting Moscow's western approaches that extended from Kalinin towards Volokolamsk and Kaluga.",
"Despite recent reinforcements, only around 90,000 Soviet soldiers manned this line - far too few to stem the German advance.",
"Given the limited resources available, Zhukov decided to concentrate his forces at four critical points: the 16th Army under Lieutenant General Rokossovsky guarded Volokolamsk, Mozhaisk was defended by 5th Army under Major General Govorov, the 43rd Army of Major General Golubev defended Maloyaroslavets, and the 49th Army under Lieutenant General Zakharkin protected Kaluga.",
"The entire Soviet Western Front—almost completely destroyed after its encirclement near Vyazma—was being recreated almost from scratch.",
"Moscow itself was also hastily fortified.",
"According to Zhukov, 250,000 women and teenagers worked building trenches and anti-tank moats around Moscow, moving almost three million cubic meters of earth with no mechanical help.",
"Moscow's factories were hastily converted to military tasks: one automobile factory was turned into a submachine gun armory, a clock factory manufactured mine detonators, the chocolate factory shifted to food production for the front, and automobile repair stations worked fixing damaged tanks and military vehicles.",
"Despite these preparations, the capital was seemingly within striking distance of German \"panzers\" and was targeted in massive air raids, although these raids caused only limited damage because of extensive anti-aircraft defenses and effective civilian fire brigades.",
"On 13 October 1941 (15 October 1941, according to other sources), the \"Wehrmacht\" resumed its offensive.",
"At first, the Germans attempted to bypass Russian defenses by pushing northeast towards the weakly protected city of Kalinin, and south towards Kaluga and Tula, capturing all except Tula by 14 October.",
"Encouraged by these initial successes, the Germans launched a frontal assault against the fortified line, taking Mozhaisk and Maloyaroslavets on 18 October, Naro-Fominsk on 21 October, and Volokolamsk on 27 October after intense fighting.",
"Because of the increasing danger of flanking attacks, Zhukov was forced to fall back, withdrawing his forces east of the Nara River.",
"In the south, the Second Panzer Army initially advanced towards Tula with relative ease because the Mozhaisk defense line did not extend that far south and no significant concentrations of Soviet troops blocked their advance.",
"However bad weather, fuel problems, and damaged roads and bridges eventually slowed the Germans, and Guderian did not reach the outskirts of Tula until 26 October 1941.",
"The German plan initially called for a rapid capture of Tula followed by a pincer move around Moscow.",
"The first attack, however, was repelled by the 50th Army and civilian volunteers on October 29 after a desperate fight that occurred within sight of the city.",
"On 31 October, the \"OKH\" ordered a halt to all offensive operations until increasingly severe logistical problems were resolved and the \"rasputitsa\" subsided."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | How is Netball played? | Netball | false | 4SPORT
| [
0,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
] | [
"Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players.",
"Its development, derived from early versions of basketball, began in England in the 1890s.",
"By 1960, international playing rules had been standardised for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Women's Basketball (later renamed the International Netball Federation (INF)) was formed.",
"As of 2011, the INF comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions.",
"Games are played on a rectangular court with raised goal rings at each end.",
"Each team attempts to score goals by passing a ball down the court and shooting it through its goal ring.",
"Players are assigned specific positions, which define their roles within the team and restrict their movement to certain areas of the court.",
"During general play, a player with the ball can hold onto it for only three seconds before shooting for a goal or passing to another player.",
"The winning team is the one that scores the most goals.",
"Netball games are 60 minutes long.",
"Variations have been developed to increase the game's pace and appeal to a wider audience.",
"Netball is most popular in Commonwealth nations, specifically in schools, and is predominantly played by women.",
"According to the INF, netball is played by more than 20 million people in more than 80 countries.",
"Major transnational competitions take place, including the Netball Superleague in Great Britain and the ANZ Championship in Australia and New Zealand.",
"Three major competitions take place internationally: the quadrennial World Netball Championships, the Commonwealth Games, and the yearly World Netball Series.",
"In 1995, netball became an International Olympic Committee recognised sport."
] | [
5
] |
Leg 8 (Russia) | What did teams perform in front of a judge? | The Amazing Race 21 | false | 1TV
| [
12
] | [
"Leg 8 (Russia).",
"Airdate: November 18, 2012",
"Moscow (Timiryazev Agricultural Academy – Study Building #6) ",
" Moscow (National Hotel )",
"Moscow (Sokolniki Park – Veranda Tantsev) ",
"For this leg's Speed Bump, James & Abba had to help a Russian Orthodox priest to get to his church via limousine, however this task was not described by Phil on-air.",
"In the Leg's Roadblock, one team member was shown a brief slideshow, showing a sample time in Moscow, a map of Russia's nine different time zones with their UTC offsets and Moscow's location highlighted, then multiple instances of the same time zone map without the UTC offsets but with several other Russian cities highlighted.",
"After the show, they had to fill in the corresponding local time for any five cities within an allotted time period.",
"If they completed in time and were correct, teams would receive their next clue.",
"If they were wrong or ran out of time, they had to watch the presentation and do the quiz again.",
"The Detour for this Leg was a choice between Movers and Shakers.",
"In Movers, teams had to dress up as Russian soldiers and learn the steps of the Trepak dance.",
"Teams then performed the dance in front of a judge who would give them their next clue if they performed the dance correctly.",
"In Shakers, teams went to a party where several impersonators of Russian historical figures were attending.",
"They had to identify seven specific figures – Catherine the Great, Joseph Stalin, Leon Trotsky, Leonid Brezhnev, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Peter the Great, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Nicholas II of Russia, and Vladimir Lenin – and fill out a form identifying how many impersonators of each person were present.",
"If they identified the correct number of impersonators, they would get their next clue from an Alexander Pushkin impersonator."
] | [
0
] |
Wind considerations | What did Eiffel do to deal with the effects of wind? | Eiffel Tower | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
3
] | [
"At the time the tower was built many people were shocked by its daring shape.",
"Eiffel was accused of trying to create something artistic without regard to engineering.",
"However, Eiffel and his engineers, as experienced bridge builders, understood the importance of wind forces and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world they had to be certain it would withstand them.",
"In an interview with the newspaper \"Le Temps (Paris)\" of 14 February 1887, Eiffel said:Eiffel used empirical and graphical methods accounting for the effects of wind rather than a specific mathematical formula.",
"Careful examination of the tower shows a basically exponential shape (actually two different exponentials, the lower section overdesigned to ensure resistance to wind forces.",
"Several mathematical explanations have been proposed over the years for the success of the design; the most recent is described as a nonlinear integral equation based on counterbalancing the wind pressure on any point on the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point.",
"As proof of the tower's effectiveness in wind resistance, it sways only 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in the wind."
] | [
0
] |
Professional vs. amateur boxing | When did amateur boxing become an Olympic sport? | Boxing | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"Throughout the 17th through 19th centuries, boxing bouts were motivated by money, as the fighters competed for prize money, promoters controlled the gate, and spectators bet on the result.",
"The modern Olympic movement revived interest in amateur sports, and amateur boxing became an Olympic sport in 1908.",
"In their current form, Olympic and other amateur bouts are typically limited to three or four rounds, scoring is computed by points based on the number of clean blows landed, regardless of impact, and fighters wear protective headgear, reducing the number of injuries, knockdowns, and knockouts.",
"Currently scoring blows in amateur boxing are subjectively counted by ringside judges, but the Australian Institute for Sport has demonstrated a prototype of an Automated Boxing Scoring System, which introduces scoring objectivity, improves safety, and arguably makes the sport more interesting to spectators.",
"Professional boxing remains by far the most popular form of the sport globally, though amateur boxing is dominant in Cuba and some former Soviet republics.",
"For most fighters, an amateur career, especially at the Olympics, serves to develop skills and gain experience in preparation for a professional career."
] | [
2
] |
Construction | When was the largest bell installed? | Leaning Tower of Pisa | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
16,
15
] | [
"Construction of the tower occurred in three stages across 199 years.",
"Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August 14, 1173, during a period of military success and prosperity.",
"This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals.",
"The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178.",
"This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning.",
"Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence.",
"This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle.",
"Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled.",
"In 1198 clocks were temporarily installed on the third floor of the unfinished construction.",
"In 1272 construction resumed under Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto.",
"In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other.",
"Because of this, the tower is actually curved.",
"Construction was halted again in 1284, when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria.",
"The seventh floor was completed in 1319.",
"It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the bell-chamber with the Romanesque style of the tower.",
"There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale.",
"The largest one was installed in 1655.",
"The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372.",
"After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening.",
"These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain."
] | [
2
] |
Foundation | Who manages all of Warhol's digital images? | Andy Warhol | false | 3ART
| [
7
] | [
"Warhol's will dictated that his entire estate — with the exception of a few modest legacies to family members — would go to create a foundation dedicated to the \"advancement of the visual arts\".",
"Warhol had so many possessions that it took Sotheby's nine days to auction his estate after his death; the auction grossed more than US$20 million.",
"In 1987, in accordance with Warhol's will, the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts began.",
"The foundation serves as the estate of Andy Warhol, but also has a mission \"to foster innovative artistic expression and the creative process\" and is \"focused primarily on supporting work of a challenging and often experimental nature.",
"\"The Artists Rights Society is the U.S. copyright representative for the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts for all Warhol works with the exception of Warhol film stills.",
"The U.S. copyright representative for Warhol film stills is the Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh.",
"Additionally, the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts has agreements in place for its image archive.",
"All digital images of Warhol are exclusively managed by Corbis, while all transparency images of Warhol are managed by Art Resource.",
"The Andy Warhol Foundation released its \"20th Anniversary Annual Report\" as a three-volume set in 2007: Vol.",
"I, 1987–2007; Vol.",
"II, Grants & Exhibitions; and Vol.",
"III, Legacy Program.",
"The Foundation remains one of the largest grant-giving organizations for the visual arts in the U.S."
] | [
3
] |
Closures and reopening (2001–present) | What was closed to the people immediately after the Sept. 11 attacks? | Statue of Liberty | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Closures and reopening (2001–present).",
"Following the September 11 attacks, the statue and Liberty Island were immediately closed to the public.",
"The island reopened at the end of 2001, while the pedestal and statue remained off-limits.",
"The pedestal reopened in August 2004, but the National Park Service announced that visitors could not safely be given access to the statue due to the difficulty of evacuation in an emergency.",
"The Park Service adhered to that position through the remainder of the Bush administration.",
"New York Congressman Anthony Weiner made the statue's reopening a personal crusade.",
"On May 17, 2009, President Barack Obama's Secretary of the Interior, Ken Salazar, announced that as a \"special gift\" to America, the statue would be reopened to the public as of July 4, but that only a limited number of people would be permitted to ascend to the crown each day.",
"The statue, including the pedestal and base, closed on October 29, 2011 (the day after celebrations to mark the statue's 125th anniversary), for installation of new elevators and staircases, and to bring other facilities, such as restrooms, up to code.",
"The statue was closed to the public until October 28, 2012.",
"A day after the reopening, the statue closed again due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy.",
"Although the storm did not harm the statue, it destroyed some of the infrastructure on both Liberty Island and Ellis Island, severely damaging the dock used by the ferries bearing visitors to the statue.",
"On November 8, 2012, a Park Service spokesperson announced that both islands would remain closed for an indefinite period for repairs to be done.",
"Due to lack of electricity on Liberty Island, a generator was installed to power temporary floodlights to illuminate the statue at night.",
"The superintendent of Statue of Liberty National Monument, David Luchsinger, whose home on the island was severely damaged, stated that it would be \"optimistically ... months\" before the island was reopened to the public.",
"The statue and Liberty Island reopened to the public on July 4, 2013, though Ellis Island remains closed.",
"For part of October 2013, Liberty Island was closed to the public due to the United States federal government shutdown of 2013, along with other publicly funded museums, parks, monuments, construction projects and buildings."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | On whose work are Leonardo's notes based in The Vitruvian Man? | Vitruvian Man | false | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"The Vitruvian Man, , is a drawing created by Leonardo da Vinci circa 1490.",
"It is accompanied by notes based on the work of the architect Vitruvius.",
"The drawing, which is in pen and ink on paper, depicts a male figure in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and simultaneously inscribed in a circle and square.",
"The drawing and text are sometimes called the \"Canon of Proportions\" or, less often, \"Proportions of Man\".",
"It is kept in the Gabinetto dei disegni e stampe of the Gallerie dell'Accademia, in Venice, Italy, under reference 228.",
"Like most works on paper, it is displayed to the public only occasionally.",
"The drawing is based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise \"De Architectura\".",
"Vitruvius described the human figure as being the principal source of proportion among the Classical orders of architecture.",
"Vitruvius determined that the ideal body should be eight heads high.",
"Leonardo's drawing is traditionally named in honor of the architect."
] | [] |
Painting | What was Raphael's piece? | High Renaissance | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
4
] | [
"The High Renaissance was traditionally viewed as a great explosion of creative genius, following a model of art history first proposed by the Florentine Giorgio Vasari.",
"Even relatively minor painters of the period, such as Fra Bartolomeo and Mariotto Albertinelli, produced works that are still lauded for the harmony of their design and their technique.",
"The elongated proportions and exaggerated poses in the late works of Michelangelo, Andrea del Sarto and Correggio prefigure so-called Mannerism, as the style of the later Renaissance is referred to in art history.",
"The serene mood and luminous colours of paintings by Giorgione and early Titian exemplify High Renaissance style as practiced in Venice.",
"Other recognizable pieces of this period include Leonardo da Vinci's \"Mona Lisa\" and Raphael's \"The School of Athens\".",
"Raphael's fresco, set beneath an arch, is a virtuoso work of perspective, composition and \"disegno\"."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | How is juice consumed? | Juice | true | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"Juice is a liquid that is naturally contained in fruit and vegetables.",
"It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with these or other biological food sources such as meat and seafood.",
"It is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | "Santa Claus is Coming to Town" was written by who? | Santa Claus Is Coming to Town | false | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"\"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\" (also known as \"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town\") is a Christmas song.",
"It was written by John Frederick Coots and Haven Gillespie and was first sung on Eddie Cantor's radio show in November 1934.",
"It became an instant hit with orders for 100,000 copies of sheet music the next day and more than 400,000 copies sold by Christmas."
] | [
3
] |
Southern Europe | When is "All Souls' day"? | Marzipan | false | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"Around the world.",
"Southern Europe.",
"In Italy, particularly in Palermo, marzipan (') is often shaped and painted with food colorings to resemble fruit—'—especially during the Christmas season and on ' (All Souls' Day) on November 2.",
"May 9 and 10 are also special days for eating marzipan in Sicily.",
"In Portugal, where the confection has been made by nuns since olden times, traditional marzipan (') fruit-shaped sweets made in the Algarve region are a very common sweet.",
"There are other regions, as Toledo in Spain in which marzipan is shaped into simple animal shapes, and usually filled in with egg yolk (\"\") and sugar.",
"In Greece and Cyprus, marzipan is made in a variety of shapes and sizes and is almost always left white.",
"In the islands of the Aegean in particular, white marzipan is considered a wedding treat and is served to guests at wedding feasts. "
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | When did the Boston Tea Party take place? | Boston Tea Party | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"The Boston Tea Party (initially referred to by John Adams as \"the Destruction of the Tea in Boston\") was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16, 1773.",
"Disguised as American Indians, the demonstrators destroyed an entire shipment of tea, which had been sent by the East India Company, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773.",
"They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor, ruining the tea.",
"The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution.",
"The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and other political protests such as the Tea Party movement after 2010 explicitly refer to it.",
"The Tea Party was the culmination of a resistance movement throughout British America against the Tea Act, which had been passed by the British Parliament in 1773.",
"Colonists objected to the Tea Act because they believed that it violated their rights as Englishmen to \"No taxation without representation,\" that is, be taxed only by their own elected representatives and not by a British parliament in which they were not represented.",
"Protesters had successfully prevented the unloading of taxed tea in three other colonies, but in Boston, embattled Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused to allow the tea to be returned to Britain.",
"The Boston Tea Party was a key event in the growth of the American Revolution.",
"Parliament responded in 1774 with the Coercive Acts, or Intolerable Acts, which, among other provisions, ended local self-government in Massachusetts and closed Boston's commerce.",
"Colonists up and down the Thirteen Colonies in turn responded to the Coercive Acts with additional acts of protest, and by convening the First Continental Congress, which petitioned the British monarch for repeal of the acts and coordinated colonial resistance to them.",
"The crisis escalated, and the American Revolutionary War began near Boston in 1775."
] | [
2
] |
Niihau Incident | What survivors were pulled from the wreckage of the Zero? | Attack on Pearl Harbor | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
4
] | [
"The Japanese planners had determined that some means of rescuing fliers whose aircraft were too badly damaged to return to the carriers was required.",
"The island of Niihau, only 30 minutes flying time from Pearl Harbor, was designated as the rescue point.",
"The Zero flown by Petty Officer Shigenori Nishikaichi of Hiryu was damaged in the attack on Wheeler, and he flew to the rescue point on Niihau.",
"The aircraft was further damaged on landing.",
"Nishikaichi was helped from the wreckage by one of the native Hawaiian inhabitants, who, aware of the tension between the United States and Japan, took the pilot's maps and other documents.",
"The island's residents had no telephones or radio and were completely unaware of the attack on Pearl Harbor.",
"Nishikaichi enlisted the support of three Japanese-American residents in an attempt to recover the documents.",
"During the ensuing struggles, Nishikaichi was killed and a Hawaiian civilian was wounded; one collaborator committed suicide, and his wife and the third collaborator were sent to prison.",
"The ease with which the local ethnic Japanese residents apparently went to the assistance of Nishikaichi was a source of concern for many, and tended to support those who believed that local Japanese could not be trusted."
] | [
0
] |
Spin-off series | What character was the series originally to be built around? | Dexter (TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"In April 2013, Showtime president, David Nevins said that even though the series would end with Season 8, all options of continuing the series were \"on the table\".",
"Original reports were for a series to be built around the Debra Morgan character.",
"Dexter's showrunner, Scott Buck re-signed with Showtime for two years which further heated up discussion on a spin-off series.",
"On January 14, 2014, Nevins announced that they were in discussions for a spin-off series to \"Dexter\".",
"Nevins said that a new series would happen only do it if Michael C. Hall returned.",
"Nevins stated: \"We're at the very preliminary stage.",
"That show is that character... and if I were to do something, I would do \"Dexter\" in a new concept and configuration.",
"I want the show to feel different, not just a continuation of the old show.\"",
"Michael C. Hall responded to the possible spin-off series saying he would be interested in returning.",
"Hall said: \"I can't even wrap my mind around that.",
"And it's all just theoretical until there is some sort of script reflecting somebody's idea of where it could possibly go.",
"But it's hard for me to imagine what that would be.",
"Yeah, as far as playing Dexter again for an undefined amount of time, that's a little daunting to consider.",
"But doing another television series — there's a lot of amazing stuff on TV.",
"I don't want to do that right away.",
"But I wouldn't say never to that.\""
] | [
0
] |
Works modeled on, or inspired by, the Colosseum | From 1928 to 2000 the Olympic Games medals were designed by who? | Colosseum | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"The \"Kongresshalle\", or \"Congress Hall\", (1935, unfinished) at the Nazi Party Rally grounds, Nuremberg, Germany",
"The Summer Olympic Games medal from 1928 to 2000, designed by Giuseppe Cassioli, features a depiction of the Colosseum.",
"At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens the Colosseum was replaced by a depiction of the Panathinaiko Stadium",
"The exterior of the Vancouver Public Library resembles the current state of the Colosseum.",
"It was designed by Moshe Safdie.",
"The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum entrance was inspired by the Colosseum.",
"The Palazzo della Civilta Italiana was very closely modelled on the Colosseum.",
"It was built for Mussolini for the Universal Exhibition of 1942 but the exhibition never happened due to the outbreak of World War II.",
"The architects were Giovanni Guerrini, Ernesto Bruno La Padula, and Mario Romano."
] | [
3
] |
Plant hormones | Phtochromes are the what in a plant that are sensitive to light? | Botany | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
15
] | [
"Plants are not passive, but respond to external signals such as light, touch, and injury by moving or growing towards or away from the stimulus, as appropriate.",
"Tangible evidence of touch sensitivity is the almost instantaneous collapse of leaflets of \"Mimosa pudica\", the insect traps of Venus flytrap and bladderworts, and the pollinia of orchids.",
"The hypothesis that plant growth and development is coordinated by plant hormones or plant growth regulators first emerged in the late 19th century.",
"Darwin experimented on the movements of plant shoots and roots towards light and gravity, and concluded \"It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the tip of the radicle .",
".",
"acts like the brain of one of the lower animals .",
".",
"directing the several movements\".",
"About the same time, the role of auxins (from the Greek auxein, to grow) in control of plant growth was first outlined by the Dutch scientist Frits Went.",
"The first known auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes cell growth, was only isolated from plants about 50 years later.",
"This compound mediates the tropic responses of shoots and roots towards light and gravity.",
"The finding in 1939 that plant callus could be maintained in culture containing IAA, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification.",
"Another class of phytohormones is the jasmonates, first isolated from the oil of \"Jasminum grandiflorum\" which regulates wound responses in plants by unblocking the expression of genes required in the systemic acquired resistance response to pathogen attack.",
"In addition to being the primary energy source for plants, light functions as a signalling device, providing information to the plant, such as how much sunlight the plant receives each day.",
"This can result in adaptive changes in a process known as photomorphogenesis.",
"Phytochromes are the photoreceptors in a plant that are sensitive to light."
] | [
0
] |
Symbolism | When was Salvador Dali's work "Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening" produced? | Salvador Dalí | false | 3ART
| [
4
] | [
"Dalí employed extensive symbolism in his work.",
"For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in \"The Persistence of Memory\" suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.",
"The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dalí when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.",
"The elephant is also a recurring image in Dalí's works.",
"It first appeared in his 1944 work \"Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening\".",
"The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs.",
"Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality.",
"\"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\"",
"\"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\"",
"—Salvador Dalí, in Dawn Ades, \"Dalí and Surrealism\".",
"The egg is another common Dalíesque image.",
"He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in \"The Great Masturbator\" and \"The Metamorphosis of Narcissus\".",
"\"The Metamorphosis of Narcissus\" also symbolized death and petrification.",
"Various other animals appear throughout his work as well: ants point to death, decay, and immense sexual desire; the snail is connected to the human head (he saw a snail on a bicycle outside Freud's house when he first met Sigmund Freud); and locusts are a symbol of waste and fear."
] | [
2
] |
Cast | Who played Laura Bishop on film? | Moonrise Kingdom | true | 6MOVIES
| [
5
] | [
"Jared Gilman as Sam Shakusky",
"Kara Hayward as Suzy Bishop",
"Bruce Willis as Captain Duffy Sharp",
"Edward Norton as Scout Master Randy Ward",
"Bill Murray as Walt Bishop",
"Frances McDormand as Laura Bishop",
"Tilda Swinton as Social Services",
"Jason Schwartzman as Cousin Ben",
"Bob Balaban as Narrator",
"Harvey Keitel as Commander Pierce",
"Rob Campbell as Deluca",
"Larry Pine as Mr. Billingsley",
"Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick as Roosevelt",
"Chandler Frantz as Gadge",
"Charlie Kilgore as Lazy-Eye",
"Andreas Sheikh as Panagle",
"L.J.",
"Foley as Izod"
] | [
3
] |
Public consciousness | Who campaigned against the show "Dr.Who", in the 1970s, due to content? | Doctor Who | false | 1TV
| [
5
] | [
"It has been suggested that the transmission of the first episode was delayed by ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy the previous day; whereas in fact, it went out just eighty seconds late.",
"Because it was believed that the coverage of the events of the assassination as well as a series of power blackouts across the country may have caused too many viewers to miss this introduction to a new series, the BBC broadcast it again on 30 November 1963, just before the broadcast of episode two.",
"The programme soon became a national institution in the United Kingdom, with a large following among the general viewing audience.",
"Many renowned actors asked for, or were offered and accepted, guest-starring roles in various stories.",
"With popularity came controversy over the show's suitability for children.",
"Morality campaigner Mary Whitehouse repeatedly complained to the BBC in the 1970s over what she saw as the show's frightening and gory content.",
"John Nathan-Turner, who produced the series during the 1980s, was heard to say that he looked forward to Whitehouse's comments, as the show's ratings would increase soon after she had made them.",
"The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\" became coined and entered British pop culture, signifying in humour the stereotypical early-series behaviour of children who wanted to avoid seeing frightening parts of a television programme while remaining in the room to watch the remainder of it.",
"The phrase retains this association with Doctor Who, to the point that in 1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa\".",
"The electronic theme music too was perceived as eerie, novel, and frightening, at the time.",
"A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtapose of fear and thrill \"at the center of many people's relationship with the show\", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV show of all time\".",
"During Jon Pertwee's second series as the Doctor, in the serial \"Terror of the Autons\" (1971), images of murderous plastic dolls, daffodils killing unsuspecting victims, and blank-featured policemen marked the apex of the show's ability to frighten children.",
"Other notable moments in that decade include a disembodied brain falling to the floor in \"The Brain of Morbius\" and the Doctor apparently being drowned by Chancellor Goth in \"The Deadly Assassin\" (both 1976).",
"A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that, by their own definition of violence (\"any act which may cause physical and/or psychological injury, hurt or death to persons, animals or property, whether intentional or accidental\") \"Doctor Who\" was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time.",
"The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show as \"very unsuitable\" for family viewing.",
"Responding to the findings of the survey in \"The Times\" newspaper, journalist Philip Howard maintained that, \"to compare the violence of \"Dr Who\", sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare, with the more realistic violence of other television series, where actors who look like human beings bleed paint that looks like blood, is like comparing Monopoly with the property market in London: both are fantasies, but one is meant to be taken seriously.",
"\"The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay, Kent, was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine.",
"In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS's blue police box design in merchandising associated with \"Doctor Who\".",
"In 1998, the Metropolitan Police Authority filed an objection to the trade mark claim; but in 2002, the Patent Office ruled in favour of the BBC.</ref>The programme's broad appeal attracts audiences of children and families as well as science fiction fans.",
"The 21st century revival of the programme has become the centrepiece of BBC One's Saturday schedule, and has, \"defined the channel\".",
"Since its return, \"Doctor Who\" has consistently received high ratings, both in number of viewers and as measured by the Appreciation Index.",
"In 2007, Caitlin Moran, television reviewer for \"The Times\", wrote that \"Doctor Who\" is, \"quintessential to being British\".",
"Director Steven Spielberg has commented that, \"the world would be a poorer place without \"Doctor Who\"\".",
"On 4 August 2013, a live programme titled \"Doctor Who Live: The Next Doctor\" was broadcast on BBC One, during which the actor playing the Twelfth Doctor was revealed.",
"The show was simultaneously broadcast in the US and Australia."
] | [
3
] |
Alternate history | Who is the author of the novel "Days of Infamy"? | Attack on Pearl Harbor | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"\"Days of Infamy\" is a novel by Harry Turtledove in which the Japanese attack on Hawaii is not limited to a strike on Pearl Harbor, but is instead a full-scale invasion and eventual occupation after U.S. forces are driven off the islands (something one of the key planners of the attack, Commander Minoru Genda, wanted but the senior officers realized was impossible).",
"The many viewpoint characters (a Turtledove trademark) are drawn from Hawaiian civilians (both white and Japanese) as well as soldiers and sailors from both Japan and the USA.",
"Turtledove has to date written one sequel, \"The End of the Beginning\".",
" The airstrike and Hawaii-invasion premise of \"Days of Infamy\" was earlier used in the first episode of the anime OVA series \"Konpeki no Kantai\".",
"In the episode, Japan carries out the attack in the early hours of the morning, having perfected night carrier operations.",
"The raid begins with a flare drop by pathfinders.",
"The entire base (including the repair facilities) and a number of supply ships in the harbor are destroyed by daybreak.",
"As for the main body of the Pacific Fleet, the Combined Fleet regroups and annihilates them while they return to Pearl Harbor.",
"The episode, which is divided into three stages in the series' game version, ends with Japanese troops landing at all islands in Hawaii."
] | [
3
] |
Virtual simulation, 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy | What is image-guided radiation therapy? | Radiation therapy | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
21
] | [
"The planning of radiation therapy treatment has been revolutionized by the ability to delineate tumors and adjacent normal structures in three dimensions using specialized CT and/or MRI scanners and planning software.",
"Virtual simulation, the most basic form of planning, allows more accurate placement of radiation beams than is possible using conventional X-rays, where soft-tissue structures are often difficult to assess and normal tissues difficult to protect.",
"An enhancement of virtual simulation is 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), in which the profile of each radiation beam is shaped to fit the profile of the target from a beam's eye view (BEV) using a multileaf collimator (MLC) and a variable number of beams.",
"When the treatment volume conforms to the shape of the tumor, the relative toxicity of radiation to the surrounding normal tissues is reduced, allowing a higher dose of radiation to be delivered to the tumor than conventional techniques would allow.",
"Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an advanced type of high-precision radiation that is the next generation of 3DCRT.",
"IMRT also improves the ability to conform the treatment volume to concave tumor shapes, for example when the tumor is wrapped around a vulnerable structure such as the spinal cord or a major organ or blood vessel.",
"Computer-controlled x-ray accelerators distribute precise radiation doses to malignant tumors or specific areas within the tumor.",
"The pattern of radiation delivery is determined using highly tailored computing applications to perform optimization and treatment simulation (Treatment Planning).",
"The radiation dose is consistent with the 3-D shape of the tumor by controlling, or modulating, the radiation beam’s intensity.",
"The radiation dose intensity is elevated near the gross tumor volume while radiation among the neighboring normal tissue is decreased or avoided completely.",
"The customized radiation dose is intended to maximize tumor dose while simultaneously protecting the surrounding normal tissue.",
"This may result in better tumor targeting, lessened side effects, and improved treatment outcomes than even 3DCRT.3DCRT is still used extensively for many body sites but the use of IMRT is growing in more complicated body sites such as CNS, head and neck, prostate, breast and lung.",
"Unfortunately, IMRT is limited by its need for additional time from experienced medical personnel.",
"This is because physicians must manually delineate the tumors one CT image at a time through the entire disease site which can take much longer than 3DCRT preparation.",
"Then, medical physicists and dosimetrists must be engaged to create a viable treatment plan.",
"Also, the IMRT technology has only been used commercially since the late 1990s even at the most advanced cancer centers, so radiation oncologists who did not learn it as part of their residency program must find additional sources of education before implementing IMRT.",
"Proof of improved survival benefit from either of these two techniques over conventional radiation therapy (2DXRT) is growing for many tumor sites, but the ability to reduce toxicity is generally accepted.",
"Both techniques enable dose escalation, potentially increasing usefulness.",
"There has been some concern, particularly with IMRT, about increased exposure of normal tissue to radiation and the consequent potential for secondary malignancy.",
"Overconfidence in the accuracy of imaging may increase the chance of missing lesions that are invisible on the planning scans (and therefore not included in the treatment plan) or that move between or during a treatment (for example, due to respiration or inadequate patient immobilization).",
"New techniques are being developed to better control this uncertainty—for example, real-time imaging combined with real-time adjustment of the therapeutic beams.",
"This new technology is called image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) or four-dimensional radiation therapy.",
"Another technique is the real-time tracking and localization of one or more small implantable electric devices implanted inside or close to the tumor.",
"There are various types of medical implantable devices that are used for this purpose.",
"It can be a magnetic transponder which senses the magnetic field generated by several transmitting coils, and then transmits the measurements back to the positioning system to determine the location.",
"The implantable device can also be a small wireless transmitter sending out an RF signal which then will be received by a sensor array and used for localization and real-time tracking of the tumor position."
] | [
0
] |
Home media | What date was the film "Forrest Gump" released on blue ray? | Forrest Gump | true | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"",
"\"Forrest Gump\" was first released on VHS tape on April 27, 1995, as a two-disc Laserdisc set on April 28, 1995, (including the \"Through the Eyes of Forrest\" special feature), before being released in a two-disc DVD set on August 28, 2001.",
"Special features included director and producer commentaries, production featurettes, and screen tests.",
"The film was released on Blu-ray disc in November 2009."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | How many digital copies of "Moves Like Jagger" sold in 2011? | Moves like Jagger | false | 0MUSIC
| [
11
] | [
"\"Moves like Jagger\" is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring singer-songwriter Christina Aguilera released by A&M Octone Records on June 21, 2011, as the fourth and final single and the first only re-released single from their third studio album \"Hands All Over\" (2010).",
"The song was written by Adam Levine, Benjamin Levin, Ammar Malik and Shellback and produced by Shellback and Benny Blanco.",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" is a dance-pop and electropop song and is backed by synths and electronic drums, the lyrics refer to a male's ability to impress a female with his dance moves, which he compares to Mick Jagger, frontman of the English band The Rolling Stones.",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" was well received by music critics, who praised the song's chorus.",
"Praise also went to the vocals of Levine and Aguilera, with critics pointing out solid chemistry between the two.",
"Likewise, the song was a commercial success, going on to top the charts in over 18 countries.",
"In the United States, \"Moves like Jagger\" became the band's first top ten single since \"Makes Me Wonder\" (2007), as well as Christina Aguilera's first top-ten single since \"Keeps Gettin' Better\" (2008).",
"It is among the best-selling singles of all time.",
"Aguilera also became the fourth female to score no.",
"1 singles in three different decades, behind Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Britney Spears.",
"She scored a number one hit in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s, being the second female artist to do so behind Britney Spears.",
"Worldwide, it was the ninth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 7 million copies.",
"As of 2014, the song ranks as one of the six best-selling digital singles of all time with sales of over 14 million copies.",
"The music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund.",
"The video features an old video footage of Jagger and his iconic dance moves.",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 54th Grammy Awards but lost to \"Body and Soul\" by Tony Bennett and Amy Winehouse.",
"The song was first performed in June 2011 on an episode of \"The Voice\" (where Levine and Aguilera both served as judges/coaches)."
] | [
5
] |
Miscellany | Where exactly is the cameo "The creation of Adam" located? | The Creation of Adam | true | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"Michelangelo's main source of inspiration for his Adam in his \"Creation of Adam\" seems to have been a cameo showing a nude Augustus Caesar riding sidesaddle on a Capricorn.",
"This cameo is now at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland.",
"The cameo used to belong to cardinal Domenico Grimani who lived in Rome while Michelangelo painted the ceiling.",
"Evidence suggests that Michelangelo and Grimani were friends.",
"The only parts of Michelangelo's Adam that could not have been borrowed from this cameo are his right hand and arm; this may explain why Michelangelo had to draw Adam's right hand and arm three times when he made the drawing for Adam that is now in the British Museum.",
"Some scholars have been dissatisfied with the theory Michelangelo was mainly inspired by Lorenzo Ghiberti's Adam in his \"Creation of Adam\".",
"This cameo offers an alternative theory."
] | [
4
] |
Evolution | What is a megaspory? | Botany | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
9
] | [
"The chloroplasts of plants have a number of biochemical, structural and genetic similarities to cyanobacteria, (commonly but incorrectly known as \"blue-green algae\") and are thought to be derived from an ancient endosymbiotic relationship between an ancestral eukaryotic cell and a cyanobacterial resident.",
"The algae are a polyphyletic group and are placed in various divisions, some more closely related to plants than others.",
"There are many differences between them in features such as cell wall composition, biochemistry, pigmentation, chloroplast structure and nutrient reserves.",
"The algal division Charophyta, sister to the green algal division Chlorophyta, is considered to contain the ancestor of true plants.",
"The Charophyte class Charophyceae and the land plant sub-kingdom Embryophyta together form the monophyletic group or clade Streptophytina.",
"Nonvascular land plants are embryophytes that lack the vascular tissues xylem and phloem.",
"They include mosses, liverworts and hornworts.",
"Pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free-living gametophytes evolved during the Silurian period and diversified into several lineages during the late Silurian and early Devonian.",
"Representatives of the lycopods have survived to the present day.",
"By the end of the Devonian period, several groups, including the lycopods, sphenophylls and progymnosperms, had independently evolved \"megaspory\" – their spores were of two distinct sizes, larger megaspores and smaller microspores.",
"Their reduced gametophytes developed from megaspores retained within the spore-producing organs (megasporangia) of the sporophyte, a condition known as endospory.",
"Seeds consist of an endosporic megasporangium surrounded by one or two sheathing layers (integuments).",
"The young sporophyte develops within the seed, which on germination splits to release it.",
"The earliest known seed plants date from the latest Devonian Famennian stage.",
"Following the evolution of the seed habit, seed plants diversified, giving rise to a number of now-extinct groups, including seed ferns, as well as the modern gymnosperms and angiosperms.",
"Gymnosperms produce \"naked seeds\" not fully enclosed in an ovary; modern representatives include conifers, cycads, \"Ginkgo\", and Gnetales.",
"Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed in a structure such as a carpel or an ovary.",
"Ongoing research on the molecular phylogenetics of living plants appears to show that the angiosperms are a sister clade to the gymnosperms."
] | [
0
] |
Lower lot | What ride is themed as an adventure ride through water? | Universal Studios Hollywood | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
5
] | [
"The Lower lot is the smaller of the two lots.",
"There are three thrill rides at this section of the park.",
"All three of the rides have certain height and ride restrictions.",
"It is home to ', \"The NBC Universal Experience\", \"Revenge of the Mummy\" (where E.T.",
"Adventure once stood) and most recently the home to '.",
"Jurassic Park: The ride is a water adventure ride.",
"Revenge of the Mummy is a high speed in-door roller coaster.",
"It is considered by some guests as the \"scariest/most intense ride\" of the park.",
"The last and newest ride at the lower lot is Transformers 3D: The Ride.",
"Transformers 3D: The ride uses high tech technology to simulate 3D technology.",
"It is somewhat similar to the Simpsons Ride, but with actual vehicle movement and includes more intense movements than the Simpsons Ride.",
"This is currently the most packed ride at the theme park and the ride with the longest wait time.",
"All 3 rides on the lower lot have a single rider line.",
"A single rider can use the single rider as many times he/she may desire to use.",
"Similar to other Universal theme parks around the world, where duplicates of Jurassic Park: The Ride exist, the area surrounding the ride features a Jurassic Park merchandise shop named Jurassic Outfitters and a dining facility named Jurassic Café.",
"Similarly a Revenge of the Mummy gift shop, called Tomb Treasures, greets guests as they exit that ride."
] | [
0
] |
Service | Give the name of the most common jam serve. | Racquetball | false | 4SPORT
| [
8
] | [
"Shots of the game.",
"Serve style varies drastically from player to player.",
"Generally, they are divided into two types: offensive and defensive.",
"Most players use an offensive serve for the first serve, and a defensive serve if they need to hit a second serve.",
"Of the offensive serves, the most common is the drive.",
"The intention with this serve is for the ball to travel low and fast towards either back corner, and to bounce twice before striking either side wall or the back wall.",
"If the opponent is adjusting to the drive serve, the server will throw in any variety of jam serves.",
"A \"jam serve\" is an offensive serve which attempts to catch the opponent off balance by making use of difficult angles and unfrequented play space.",
"The most common jam serve is the Z-serve, which strikes the front wall close to a side wall.",
"The ball bounces quickly off the side wall, then strikes the floor and then the opposite side wall about 30–35 feet back.",
"Depending upon the spin the server gives the Z-serve, the resulting carom may prove unpredictable and difficult to return.",
"Side spin may cause the ball to bounce parallel to the back wall.",
"A \"pinch serve\" is similar to a drive serve; however, the ball strikes a side wall very low and close to the serving box.",
"With the appropriate spin, the ball has little bounce, and is difficult to return.",
"It is possible that a successful serve would strike the sidewall before the short line, and land on the floor after the short line.",
"If the player faults on the first serve, they will usually hit a defensive serve.",
"Defensive serves do not usually garner aces, but they are designed to generate a weak return by the opponent, thereby setting up the server to win the point.",
"Most defensive serves are any variety of lob serves.",
"A plain lob serve is a ball hit with a long, high arch into either back corner.",
"The goal is to hit the ball so that it lands as close as possible to the back wall, giving the opponent very little room to hit a solid return.",
"A junk lob takes a shallower arch, and lands close to the side wall somewhere between the dotted line and the back wall.",
"This lob is intended to deceive the opponent into thinking he has an easy kill.",
"However, since the ball is in the deep zone, it will more likely set up the server for an offensive shot."
] | [] |
Live entertainment | Which characters were removed from the parade? | Disney California Adventure | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
10
] | [
"Many Disney characters are found throughout the park, greeting visitors and posing for photos.",
"Some have specific areas where they are scheduled to appear, but can be found wandering as well.",
"\"World of Color\" is a nighttime show, designed by Walt Disney Creative Entertainment.",
"It has more than 1200 fountains and includes lasers, lights, and fire with high-definition projections on mist screens similar to the ones used in \"Fantasmic!\"",
"at Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World.",
"Mad T Party is an interactive nighttime dance party inspired by Tim Burton's \"Alice in Wonderland\" film and is located in the Hollywood Land district.",
"It is considered a similar experience to Glow Fest, which was staged in the same area in summer 2010, and ElecTRONica, a similar event themed to Disney's \"Tron\" franchise that ended on April 15, 2012.",
"Mad T Party features lights, music, projections, and merchandise kiosk stands, a lounge and an interactive game area.",
"The event started on June 15, 2012.",
"Pixar Play Parade is a parade featuring floats and characters based on the Disney·Pixar films \"Monsters Inc.\", \"The Incredibles\", \"Finding Nemo\", \"A Bug's Life\", \"Toy Story\" and \"Cars\".",
"The parade originally had an additional section featuring characters from \"Ratatouille\" but was removed.",
"The floats feature small water jets that shoot water into the crowd of spectators.",
"The music used in the parade is derived from Hong Kong Disneyland's Mickey's WaterWorks Parade, sharing the same tunes.",
"Due to the massive construction in the park, the parade was on hiatus since January 2011 and returned in June 2012.",
"The Red Car News Boys musical group is found at Carthay Circle.",
"They appear via Red Car Trolley and inform guests about local news happenings in-song.",
"A Hollywood newcomer, Mickey Mouse, arrives and is motivated by the newsgroup to pursue his dream of seeking a career in Los Angeles.",
"The performance is partly inspired by the 1992 film, \"Newsies\".",
"The Five & Dime swing band consists of five male musicians and one female singer.",
"They perform in the cross-hairs of Buena Vista Street and Hollywood Land."
] | [] |
History and anthropology | What is the field of studying DNA called? | DNA | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"Because DNA collects mutations over time, which are then inherited, it contains historical information, and, by comparing DNA sequences, geneticists can infer the evolutionary history of organisms, their phylogeny.",
"This field of phylogenetics is a powerful tool in evolutionary biology.",
"If DNA sequences within a species are compared, population geneticists can learn the history of particular populations.",
"This can be used in studies ranging from ecological genetics to anthropology; For example, DNA evidence is being used to try to identify the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel.DNA has also been used to look at modern family relationships, such as establishing family relationships between the descendants of Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson.",
"This usage is closely related to the use of DNA in criminal investigations detailed above.",
"Indeed, some criminal investigations have been solved when DNA from crime scenes has matched relatives of the guilty individual."
] | [
0
] |
Batsuit | In "Batman Begins", what problem was caused by making the foam for the cape black? | Batman Begins | false | 6MOVIES
| [
7
] | [
"The filmmakers intended to create a very mobile Batsuit that would allow the wearer to move easily to fight and crouch.",
"Previous film incarnations of the Batsuit had been stiff and especially restricted full head movement.",
"Costume designer Lindy Hemming and her crew worked on the Batsuit at an FX workshop codenamed \"Cape Town\", a secured compound located at Shepperton Studios in London.",
"The Batsuit's basic design was a neoprene undersuit, which was shaped by attaching molded cream latex sections.",
"Christian Bale was molded and sculpted prior to his physical training so the team could work on a full body cast.",
"To avoid imperfections picked up by sculpting with clay, plastiline was used to smooth the surface.",
"In addition, the team brewed different mixtures of foam to find the mixture that would be the most flexible, light, durable, and black.",
"The latter presented a problem, since the process to make the foam black reduced the foam's durability.",
"For the cape, director Christopher Nolan wanted to have a \"flowing cloak... that blows and flows as in so many great graphic novels\".",
"Hemming's team created the cape out of their own version of parachute nylon that had electrostatic flocking, a process shared with the team by the British Ministry of Defence.",
"The process was used by the London police force to minimize night vision detection.",
"The cape was topped by a cowl, which was designed by Nolan, Hemming, and costume effects supervisor Graham Churchyard.",
"The cowl was created to be thin enough to allow motion but thick enough to avoid wrinkling when Bale turned his head in the Batsuit.",
"Churchyard explained the cowl had been designed to show \"a man who has angst\", so his character would be revealed through the mask."
] | [
0
] |
Initial air attacks | When were two Japense carriers sighted, indicating an air strike en route? | Battle of Midway | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
14
] | [
"Initial air attacks.",
"At about 09:00 on 3 June, Ensign Jack Reid, piloting a PBY from US Navy patrol squadron VP-44, spotted the Japanese Occupation Force some to the west-southwest of Midway.",
"He mistakenly reported this group as the Main Force.",
"Nine B-17s took off from Midway at 12:30 for the first air attack.",
"Three hours later, they found the Japanese Tanaka's transport group to the west.",
"Under heavy anti-aircraft fire, they dropped their bombs.",
"Though hits were reported, none of the bombs actually hit and no significant damage was inflicted.",
"Early the following morning Japanese oil tanker \"Akebono Maru\" sustained the first hit when a torpedo from an attacking PBY struck her around 01:00.",
"This was the only successful air-launched torpedo attack by the U.S. during the entire battle.",
"At 04:30 on 4 June, Nagumo launched his initial attack on Midway itself, consisting of 36 Aichi D3A dive bombers and 36 Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers, escorted by 36 Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters.",
"At the same time he launched a defensive combat air patrol (CAP) with his eight search aircraft (one from the heavy cruiser launched 30 minutes late due to technical difficulties).",
"Japanese reconnaissance arrangements were flimsy, with too few aircraft to adequately cover the assigned search areas, laboring under poor weather conditions to the northeast and east of the task force.",
"Yamamoto's faulty dispositions had now become a serious liability.",
"As Nagumo's bombers and fighters were taking off, 11 PBYs were leaving Midway to run their search patterns.",
"At 05:30, PBY reported sighting two Japanese carriers with empty decks, indicating an air strike en route.",
"American radar picked up the enemy at a distance of several miles, and interceptors were scrambled.",
"Unescorted bombers headed off to attack the Japanese carrier fleet, their fighter escorts remaining behind to defend Midway.",
"At 06:20 Japanese carrier aircraft bombed and heavily damaged the U.S. base.",
"Midway-based Marine fighters, which included 7 F4Fs and 21 F2As, intercepted the Japanese and suffered heavy losses, though they managed to destroy four B5Ns and at least three A6Ms.",
"Within the first few minutes, 3 F4Fs and 13 F2As were destroyed, while most of the surviving U.S. planes were damaged, with only two remained airworthy.",
"American anti-aircraft fire was accurate and intense, destroying four additional Japanese aircraft and damaging many more.",
"Of the 108 Japanese aircraft involved in this attack, 11 were destroyed, 14 were heavily damaged, and 29 were damaged to some degree.",
"The initial Japanese attack did not succeed in neutralizing Midway: American bombers could still use the airbase to refuel and attack the Japanese invasion force, and most of Midway's land-based defenses were intact.",
"Japanese pilots reported to Nagumo that another aerial attack to soften Midway's defences would be necessary if troops were to go ashore by 7 June.",
"Having taken off prior to the Japanese attack, American bombers based on Midway made several attacks on the Japanese carrier fleet.",
"These included six Grumman Avengers, detached to Midway from the s VT-8 (Midway was the first combat mission for the VT-8 airmen, and it was the combat debut of the TBF), Marine Scout-Bombing Squadron 241 (VMSB-241), consisting of eleven SB2U-3s and sixteen SBDs, plus four USAAF B-26s, armed with torpedoes, and fifteen B-17s.",
"The Japanese repelled these attacks for the loss of two fighters, destroying five TBFs, two SB2Us, eight SBDs and two B-26s.",
"The first Marine aviator to perish in the battle, Major Lofton R. Henderson of VMSB-241, was killed while leading his inexperienced Dauntless squadron into action.",
"The main airfield at Guadalcanal was named Henderson Field after him in August 1942; two civil airports also bear this name.",
"One B-26, after being seriously damaged by anti-aircraft fire, veered into a steep dive straight toward the \"Akagi\".",
"Making no attempt to pull out of its run, the aircraft narrowly missed crashing directly into the carrier's bridge, which could potentially have killed Nagumo and his command staff.",
"This experience may well have contributed to Nagumo's determination to launch another attack on Midway, in direct violation of Yamamoto's order to keep the reserve strike force armed for anti-ship operations."
] | [
2
] |
Information loss paradox | To black holes emit Hawking radiation? | Black hole | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"Because a black hole has only a few internal parameters, most of the information about the matter that went into forming the black hole is lost.",
"Regardless of the type of matter which goes into a black hole, it appears that only information concerning the total mass, charge, and angular momentum are conserved.",
"As long as black holes were thought to persist forever this information loss is not that problematic, as the information can be thought of as existing inside the black hole, inaccessible from the outside.",
"However, black holes slowly evaporate by emitting Hawking radiation.",
"This radiation does not appear to carry any additional information about the matter that formed the black hole, meaning that this information appears to be gone forever.",
"The question whether information is truly lost in black holes (the black hole information paradox) has divided the theoretical physics community (see Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet).",
"In quantum mechanics, loss of information corresponds to the violation of vital property called unitarity, which has to do with the conservation of probability.",
"It has been argued that loss of unitarity would also imply violation of conservation of energy.",
"Over recent years evidence has been building that indeed information and unitarity are preserved in a full quantum gravitational treatment of the problem."
] | [] |
Grip | In tennis what is the eastern grip used for? | Tennis | true | 4SPORT
| [
2,
3
] | [
"A grip is a way of holding the racquet in order to hit shots during a match.",
"The grip affects the angle of the racquet face when it hits the ball and influences the pace, spin, and placement of the shot.",
"Players use various grips during play, including the Continental (The \"Handshake Grip\"), Eastern (Can be either semi-eastern or full eastern.",
"Usually used for backhands.",
"), and Western (semi-western or full western, usually for forehand grips) grips.",
"Most players change grips during a match depending on what shot they are hitting; for example, slice shots and serves call for a Continental grip."
] | [
0
] |
Early changes and expansions | What 2 attractions opened in the Superstar Limo building In January 2006? | Disney California Adventure | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
5
] | [
"Two of the park's major criticisms in its first year were the lack of attractions appealing to children and the lack of a show or parade at night to keep visitors from leaving at nightfall.",
"Within the first year of operation, Disney's Electrical Parade and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!",
"were brought to the park, and several of its original rides and attractions were closed, including Superstar Limo and \"Disney's Steps in Time\".",
"Attractions for children were immediately added including A Bug's Land, The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror, and more costumed characters around the park.",
"Monsters, Inc. Mike & Sulley to the Rescue!",
"opened in the former Superstar Limo building in January 2006."
] | [
0
] |
Geology | Where is Mount Rushmore? | Mount Rushmore | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Mount Rushmore is largely composed of granite.",
"The memorial is carved on the northwest margin of the Harney Peak granite batholith in the Black Hills of South Dakota, so the geologic formations of the heart of the Black Hills region are also evident at Mount Rushmore.",
"The batholith magma intruded into the pre-existing mica schist rocks during the Proterozoic, roughly 1.6 billion years ago.",
"Coarse grained pegmatite dikes are associated with the granite intrusion of Harney Peak and are visibly lighter in color, thus explaining the light-colored streaks on the foreheads of the presidents.",
"The Black Hills granites were exposed to erosion during the Neoproterozoic, but were later buried by sandstone and other sediments during the Cambrian.",
"Remaining buried throughout the Paleozoic, they were re-exposed again during the Laramide orogeny around 70 million years ago.",
"The Black Hills area was uplifted as an elongated geologic dome.",
"Subsequent erosion stripped the granite of the overlying sediments and the softer adjacent schist.",
"Some schist does remain and can be seen as the darker material just below the sculpture of Washington.",
"The tallest mountain in the region is Harney Peak ().",
"Borglum selected Mount Rushmore as the site for several reasons.",
"The rock of the mountain is composed of smooth, fine-grained granite.",
"The durable granite erodes only every 10,000 years, thus was more than sturdy enough to support the sculpture and its long-term exposure.",
"The mountain's height of above sea level made it suitable, and because it faces the southeast, the workers also had the advantage of sunlight for most of the day."
] | [
4
] |
Online promotion | What was the premiere date of "Falling Skies" season 2? | Falling Skies | true | 1TV
| [
4
] | [
"Online promotion.",
"For the first season, character videos were made available online.",
"The videos explore the main characters of the series.",
"As part of the promotional campaign, a vehicle, with the TNT logo and called \"Falling Skies Technical\", was released as a free gift in the social networking game \"Mafia Wars\" on June 14, 2011.",
"Following the second season premiere on June 17, 2012, a live after-show titled \"2nd Watch\" hosted by Wil Wheaton premiered.",
"The series airs after encore presentations of \"Falling Skies\" on TNT's official site.",
"Wheaton discusses the latest episode with actors and producers of the series."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Stem cells can be found in which organisms? | Stem cell | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells.",
"They are found in multicellular organisms.",
"In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues.",
"In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues.",
"In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells—ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm (see induced pluripotent stem cells)—but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues.",
"There are three accessible sources of autologous adult stem cells in humans:",
" Bone marrow, which requires extraction by \"harvesting\", that is, drilling into bone (typically the femur or iliac crest),",
" Adipose tissue (lipid cells), which requires extraction by liposuction, and",
" Blood, which requires extraction through apheresis, wherein blood is drawn from the donor (similar to a blood donation), and passed through a machine that extracts the stem cells and returns other portions of the blood to the donor.",
"Stem cells can also be taken from umbilical cord blood just after birth.",
"Of all stem cell types, autologous harvesting involves the least risk.",
"By definition, autologous cells are obtained from one's own body, just as one may bank his or her own blood for elective surgical procedures.",
"Adult stem cells are frequently used in medical therapies, for example in bone marrow transplantation.",
"Stem cells can now be artificially grown and transformed (differentiated) into specialized cell types with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves.",
"Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies.",
"Research into stem cells grew out of findings by Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till at the University of Toronto in the 1960s."
] | [] |
Live performances | What was the first year that "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was on Carey's set list? | All I Want for Christmas Is You | false | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"Carey has performed the song during concerts as well as live televised performances.",
"It was part of the set-list during the Japanese shows of Carey's Daydream World Tour (1996), Butterfly World Tour (1998), Rainbow World Tour (2000), (2002–03) (also sung during the December leg of the tour) and The Adventures of Mimi Tour (2006).",
"Additionally, Carey performed the song at the 2004 Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade, which aired on ABC.",
"Carey sang the So So Def remix version at the opening night of her Angels Advocate Tour on New Year's Eve.",
"On November 9, 2010, Carey taped a live Christmas Special featuring the song, which aired on December 13, 2010 on ABC.",
"Additionally, Carey performed the song alongside \"Oh Santa!\"",
"airing on ESPN and ABC throughout the day on Christmas Day of 2010.",
"On December 3, she performed both songs at the Walt Disney World Resort theme park, Magic Kingdom, in a performance that was taped and aired part of the Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade on ABC.",
"She performed them again in a music video promoting the day's NBA games that aired on both networks."
] | [
0
] |
Accolades | "Zero Dark Thirty" received how many Golden Globe Awards? | Zero Dark Thirty | true | 6MOVIES
| [
4
] | [
"",
"\"Zero Dark Thirty\" was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards, including Best Picture,Best Actress, Best Original Screenplay, Best Sound Editing and Best Film Editing.",
"Paul N. J. Ottosson won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, tying with \"Skyfall\".",
"This was only the sixth tie in Academy Awards history, and the first since 1994.",
"\"Zero Dark Thirty\" was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, with Chastain winning Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama.",
"The Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association's award for Best Director was given to Bigelow, the second time the honor has gone to a woman (the first also being Bigelow for \"The Hurt Locker\").",
"The film swept critics groups' awards for Best Director and Best Picture including the Washington D.C., New York Film Critics Online, Chicago and Boston film critics associations."
] | [
5
] |
Production | Who was the guest vocals on "We are Young" based on their relationship with Bhasker? | We Are Young | true | 0MUSIC
| [
13
] | [
"After the poor commercial performance of their debut album, \"Aim and Ignite\", Fun decided to put Jeff Bhasker as producer for their second studio effort.",
"The band's frontman, Nate Ruess, met with Bhasker at his hotel in New York City in February 2011.",
"Ruess was anxious about meeting Bhasker, so he arrived early at the bar in the Bowery Hotel on the Lower East Side \"and had a little to drink just to make sure I was loosened up.\"",
"According to Bhasker, he wasn't really wanting to meet the band, as he \"was working with Beyoncé, and also with Alicia, Kanye and Jay-Z, and doing this had been a big goal in my life.",
"I had no intention of being distracted.",
"\"Bhasker had just finished a long day in the studio with Beyoncé, and had decided to give Ruess 10 minutes.",
"He had previously already canceled two meetings with him.",
"The two began talking about music, and Ruess' desire to merge hip-hop beats and electronic effects with pop rock intrigued Bhasker, who invited Ruess up to his hotel room to show him some Beyoncé tracks he had been working on.",
"\"Slightly tipsy and feeling inspired,\" Ruess belted out the chorus for \"We Are Young,\" which at that time was an unfinished composition.",
"Bhasker was taken aback and automatically \"freaked out,\" demanding he see the band for studio time \"in the next few days.\"",
"The next day, Bhasker and Ruess booked a New York studio and cut a version of \"We Are Young\" not far from the final version of the track.",
"On the first day of recording at Jungle City, Bhasker programmed the drums on his Akai MPC3000 machine, a moog bass and \"maybe using my little Juno 106, and we added vocals and piano.",
"We worked for many more days on it afterwards, but the core of the final version of the song was recorded on that first day.” After the Jungle City sessions, more vocal, guitar and piano tracks were recorded at Electric Ladyland Studios, and from there sessions continued at Enormous Studios in Los Angeles, The Village Recorder to track the children's choir, and Abbey Road Studios to record the orchestral arrangements.",
"The band invited Janelle Monáe to provide guest vocals on \"We Are Young\" through her friendship with Bhasker.",
"After being played the song, Monáe was enthused about the song and recorded her vocals in Bristol, England.",
"Bhasker further mixed the song in a 44.1 kHz/24-bit Pro Tools HD session at the course of almost two weeks, and the stereo mix was mastered using a L2 limiter and an API 550 EQ.",
"When Bhasker multitracked Ruess' vocals for the chorus, he noticed that it \"had a Queen/Freddie Mercury vibe to it.\"",
"Guitarist Jack Antonoff called \"We Are Young\" the \"bull's-eye center\" of the sound the band was striving for while producing \"Some Nights.\"",
"The song displays the influences brought by Jeff Bhasker and hip-hop music.",
"Antonoff agreed with the notion that the song was their de facto anthem: \"It's pretty rare, because any other projects that we've done, I don't think any of us have ever had that song that was like, 'This is our band,'\" Antonoff said.",
"\"We're proud to say, 'Listen to this one song, and then come listen to the rest.",
"Here it is.'\""
] | [
3
] |
Recurring cast | Which actor portrays Bud Baxter? | Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series) | true | 1TV
| [
6
] | [
" Jordan Masterson (recurring, season two–present) and Nick Jonas (season one, guest star) as Ryan Vogelson, Boyd's father.",
"Ryan holds staunchly liberal views both politically and philosophically.",
"He and Mike routinely clash over their fundamentally opposing values, especially when it comes to child-rearing.",
"Ryan wishes to raise his son without religion and patriotism.",
"His vegan diet, political correctness, views on discipline, and general sensitivity are an affront to Mike's beliefs.",
"Their relationship and arguments mirror those of Archie Bunker and Mike \"Meathead\" Stivic on \"All in the Family\", with the difference that Ryan's liberal views are extreme and comparatively ill-founded, whereas liberal Meathead tended to be the voice of reason.",
" Robert Forster as Bud Baxter, Mike's father who is in the construction business.",
" Jonathan Adams as Chuck Larabee (season two–present), Mike and Vanessa's neighbor.",
"He is a retired U.S. Marine and a veteran of the first Gulf War.",
"Chuck is an African-American, and often jokes with Mike about racial stereotypes.",
" Erika Alexander as Carol Larabee (season two–present), Chuck's wife and Mike and Vanessa's neighbor.",
" Carla Jimenez as Blanca (season two–present), the Baxters' housekeeper.",
" Jonathan Taylor Thomas as John Baker (season two–present), Kristin's boss at a fancy restaurant where she works.",
" Richard Karn as Bill McKendree (season two), an architect who has had a long-running business relationship with Mike and Outdoor Man.",
" Danielle Bisutti as Michelle (season one), Vanessa's friend and next-door neighbor; she is a meteorologist."
] | [] |
"War and Peace" | Who did Andrei see as a hero? | Battle of Austerlitz | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"The Battle of Austerlitz is a major event in Leo Tolstoy's novel \"War and Peace\".",
"As the battle is about to start, Prince Andrei, one of the main characters, thinks that the approaching \"day be his Toulon, or his Arcola,\" references to Napoleon's early victories.",
"Andrei hopes for glory, even thinking to himself, \"I shall march forward and sweep everything before me.\"",
"Later in the battle, however, Andrei falls into enemy hands and even meets his hero, Napoleon.",
"But the previous enthusiasm has been shattered; he no longer thinks much of Napoleon, \"so petty did his hero with his paltry vanity and delight in victory appear, compared to that lofty, righteous and kindly sky which he had seen and comprehended.\"",
"Tolstoy, who is known for his hatred of Napoléon, portrays Austerlitz as an early test for Russia, one which ended badly because the soldiers fought for irrelevant things like glory or renown rather than the higher virtues which would produce, according to Tolstoy, a victory at Borodino during the 1812 invasion."
] | [
3
] |
Ethical issues of cloning | What would therapeutic cloning create? | Cloning | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"In bioethics, the ethics of cloning' refers to a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning.",
"While many of these views are religious in origin, the questions raised by cloning are faced by secular perspectives as well.",
"Perspectives on human cloning are theoretical, as human therapeutic and reproductive cloning are not commercially used; animals are currently cloned in laboratories and in livestock production.",
"Advocates support development of therapeutic cloning in order to generate tissues and whole organs to treat patients who otherwise cannot obtain transplants, to avoid the need for immunosuppressive drugs, and to stave off the effects of aging.",
"Advocates for reproductive cloning believe that parents who cannot otherwise procreate should have access to the technology.",
"Opponents of cloning have concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe, that it could be prone to abuse (leading to the generation of humans from whom organs and tissues would be harvested), and have concerns about how cloned individuals could integrate with families and with society at large.",
"Religious groups are divided, with some opposing the technology as usurping God's place and, to the extent embryos are used, destroying a human life; others support therapeutic cloning's potential life-saving benefits.",
"Cloning of animals is opposed by animal-groups due to the number of cloned animals that suffer from malformations before they die, and while food from cloned animals has been approved by the US FDA, its use is opposed by groups concerned about food safety."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What are the oldest forms of cake | Cake | false | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"Cake is a form of bread or bread-like food.",
"In its modern forms, it is typically a sweet baked dessert.",
"In its oldest forms, cakes were normally fried breads or cheesecakes, and normally had a disk shape.",
"Determining whether a given food should be classified as bread, cake, or pastry can be difficult.",
"Modern cake, especially layer cakes, normally contain a combination of flour, sugar, eggs, and butter or oil, with some varieties also requiring liquid (typically milk or water) and leavening agents (such as yeast or baking powder).",
"Flavorful ingredients like fruit purées, nuts, dried or candied fruit, or extracts are often added, and numerous substitutions for the primary ingredients are possible.",
"Cakes are often filled with fruit preserves or dessert sauces (like pastry cream), iced with buttercream or other icings, and decorated with marzipan, piped borders or candied fruit.",
"Cake is often the dessert of choice for meals at ceremonial occasions, particularly weddings, anniversaries, and birthdays.",
"There are countless cake recipes; some are bread-like, some rich and elaborate, and many are centuries old.",
"Cake making is no longer a complicated procedure; while at one time considerable labor went into cake making (particularly the whisking of egg foams), baking equipment and directions have been simplified so that even the most amateur cook may bake a cake."
] | [
0
] |
Home media | When was the Australian release? | Amélie | false | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"The film has no overall worldwide distributor, but Blu-ray discs have been released in Canada and Australia.",
"The first release occurred in Canada in September 2008 by TVA Films.",
"This version did not contain any English subtitles and received criticisms regarding picture quality.",
"In November 2009, an Australian release occurred.",
"This time the version contained English subtitles and features no region coding.",
"Momentum Pictures released a Blu-ray in the UK on 17 October 2011.",
"The film is also available on HD on iTunes and other digital download services."
] | [
2
] |
Inquiries | What does SOLAS stand for? | Sinking of the RMS Titanic | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
8
] | [
"In the aftermath of the sinking, public inquiries were set up in Britain and the United States.",
"The US inquiry began on 19 April under the chairmanship of Senator William Alden Smith, while the British inquiry commenced in London under Lord Mersey on 2 May 1912.",
"They reached broadly similar conclusions: the regulations on the number of lifeboats that ships had to carry were out of date and inadequate; Captain Smith had failed to take proper heed of ice warnings; the lifeboats had not been properly filled or crewed; and the collision was the direct result of steaming into a danger area at too high a speed.",
"Captain Lord of the \"Californian\" was strongly criticised by both inquiries for failing to render assistance to \"Titanic\".",
"However neither inquiry found negligence by IMM or the White Star Line as a factor.",
"The US inquiry concluded that those involved had merely followed standard practice, and the disaster could thus only be categorised as an \"act of God\", and the British inquiry concluded that Smith had followed long-standing practice which had not previously been shown to be unsafe (the inquiry noted that British ships alone had carried 3.5 million passengers over the previous decade with the loss of just 10 lives) and concluded that he had done \"only that which other skilled men would have done in the same position.\"",
"The British inquiry also warned that \"What was a mistake in the case of the \"Titanic\" would without doubt be negligence in any similar case in the future.",
"\"The disaster led to major changes in maritime regulations to implement new safety measures, such as ensuring that more lifeboats were provided, that lifeboat drills were properly carried out and that radio equipment on passenger ships was manned around the clock.",
"An International Ice Patrol was set up to monitor the presence of icebergs in the North Atlantic, and maritime safety regulations were harmonised internationally through the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS); both measures are still in force today."
] | [
0
] |
Assault and capture of Nanking | Which segment came through the Guanghua Gate? | Nanking Massacre | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
7
] | [
"The Japanese awaited an answer to their demand for surrender but no response was received from the Chinese by the deadline on December 10.",
"General Matsui Iwane waited another hour before issuing the command to take Nanking by force.",
"The Japanese army mounted its assault on the Nanking walls from multiple directions; the SEF’s 16th Division attacked three gates on the eastern side, the 6th Division of the 10A launched its offensive on the western walls, and the SEF’s 9th Division advanced into the area in-between.",
"On December 12, under heavy artillery fire and aerial bombardment, General Tang Sheng-chi ordered his men to retreat.",
"What followed was nothing short of chaos.",
"Some Chinese soldiers stripped civilians of their clothing in a desperate attempt to blend in, and many others were shot by the Chinese supervisory unit as they tried to flee.",
"On 13 December, the 6th and the 116th Divisions of the Japanese Army were the first to enter the city, facing little military resistance.",
"Simultaneously, the 9th Division entered nearby Guanghua Gate, and the 16th Division entered the Zhongshan and Taiping gates.",
"That same afternoon, two small Japanese Navy fleets arrived on both sides of the Yangtze River."
] | [] |
Live performances | Rihanna performed "Where have you been" at what charity event? | Where Have You Been | true | 0MUSIC
| [
5
] | [
"Rihanna performed \"Where Have You Been\" for the first time live at the 2012 Post-Grammy Charity Fundraiser, along with \"We Found Love\", on February 13, 2012.",
"On April 15, 2012, Rihanna performed the song at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, again with \"We Found Love\".",
"On May 5, 2012, Rihanna performed the song on \"Saturday Night Live\" in the United States.",
"The performance featured an aesthetic similar to that of the music video; the \"SNL\" set was decorated in a \"One Thousand and One Nights\" fashion.",
"Rihanna and her backup dancers performed a highly choreographed dance routine, the same as the music video, and wore Arabian inspired outfits.",
"She also performed the song at the 2012 Robin Hood Benefit in New York.",
"The performance was in \"Cleopatra\" style.",
"The singer performed the song on \"American Idol\"'s season 11 finale on May 23, 2012.",
"Rihanna performed \"Where Have You Been\" at Radio 1's Hackney Weekend on June 24, 2012, as the tenth song on the set list.",
"The performance featured a giant sphinx on the stage."
] | [
4,
0
] |
Home media | What was the first Fox TV show to be released on Blu-ray?ea | Prison Break | true | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"The DVD and Blu-ray Disc sets of each season were released after their television broadcast in various regions.",
"At the 2006 International Consumer Electronics Show, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment announced that the complete first season of \"Prison Break\" was to be released on Blu-ray in early 2007.",
"The release date was later announced to be November 13, 2007 and \"Prison Break\" became the first television show to be released on Blu-ray Disc by Fox.",
"The Blu-ray box set contains six discs and includes all the DVD box set's special features.",
"A DVD set containing the first three seasons was released on May 19, 2008 in Region 2.",
"The television movie, \"\", was included in the Season 4 set in Regions 2 and 4, but was released separately in Region 1.",
"\"The Final Break\" was later released separately in Regions 2 and 4.",
"In France, Germany and the United Kingdom, a Blu-ray package of all four seasons including \"The Final Break\" has been released.",
"Over a year after its initial release, Season 4 was later re-issued in Region 4 without \"The Final Break\" included."
] | [
0
] |
Assassination | After the shot assassinated Martin Luther King, Jr., who was seen running from the scene? | Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
10
] | [
"King was booked in room 306 at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, owned by businessman Walter Bailey (and named after his wife).",
"King's close friend and colleague Reverend Ralph David Abernathy, who was King's roommate in the motel room the day of the assassination, told the House Select Committee on Assassinations that King and his entourage stayed in room 306 at the Lorraine Motel so often that it was known as the \"King-Abernathy Suite.",
"\"According to biographer Taylor Branch, King's last words were to musician Ben Branch, who was scheduled to perform that night at an event King was going to attend: \"Ben, make sure you play 'Take My Hand, Precious Lord' in the meeting tonight.",
"Play it real pretty.",
"\"[[File:Lorraine Motel 04 15 Mar 2012.jpg|thumb|260px|The Lorraine Motel, where Dr. King was assassinated, is nowthe site of the National Civil Rights Museum.",
"The wreath marks the approximate place Dr. King was standing at the time.",
"]]At 6:01 p.m. on Thursday, April 4, 1968, while he was standing on the motel's second floor balcony, King was struck by a single .30-06 bullet fired from a Remington 760 Gamemaster.",
"The bullet entered through his right cheek, breaking his jaw, neck and several vertebrae as it traveled down his spinal cord, severing the jugular vein and major arteries in the process before lodging in his shoulder.",
"By the force of the blast, King's necktie was ripped completely off his shirt.",
"He fell violently backwards onto the balcony unconscious.",
"Shortly after the shot was fired, witnesses saw James Earl Ray fleeing from a rooming house across the street from the Lorraine Motel where he was renting a room.",
"A package was dumped close to the site that included a rifle and binoculars with Ray's fingerprints on them.",
"The rifle had been purchased by Ray under an alias six days before.",
"A worldwide manhunt was triggered that culminated in the arrest of Ray at London Heathrow Airport two months later.",
"Abernathy heard the shot from inside the motel room and ran to the balcony to find King on the floor.",
"King was bleeding profusely from the wound in his cheek.",
"His SCLC colleague Andrew Young believed he was dead, though King still had a pulse.",
"King was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital, where doctors opened his chest and performed Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.",
"He never regained consciousness and was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m.",
"According to Taylor Branch, King's autopsy revealed that though he was only 39 years old, he had the heart of a 60-year-old man which Branch attributed to the stress of 13 years in the civil rights movement."
] | [
3
] |
Harold moves south | Where did Harald Hardrada camp on the night of 13 October? | Battle of Hastings | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"After defeating his brother Tostig and Harald Hardrada in the north, Harold left much of his forces in the north, including Morcar and Edwin, and marched the rest of his army south to deal with the threatened Norman invasion.",
"It is unclear when Harold learned of William's landing, but it was probably while he was travelling south.",
"Harold stopped in London, and was there for about a week before Hastings, so it is likely that he spent about a week on his march south, averaging about per day, for the approximately .",
"Harold camped at Caldbec Hill on the night of 13 October, near what was described as a \"hoar-apple tree\".",
"This location was about from William's castle at Hastings.",
"Some of the early contemporary French accounts mention an emissary or emissaries sent by Harold to William, which is likely.",
"Nothing came of these efforts.",
"Although Harold attempted to surprise the Normans, William's scouts reported the English arrival to the duke.",
"The exact events preceding the battle are obscure, with contradictory accounts in the sources, but all agree that William led his army from his castle and advanced towards the enemy.",
"Harold had taken a defensive position at the top of Senlac Hill (present-day Battle, East Sussex), about from William's castle at Hastings."
] | [
4
] |
Frame | When was the Mona Lisa fitted? | Mona Lisa | false | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"Because the \"Mona Lisa\"'s poplar support expands and contracts with changes in humidity, the picture has experienced some warping.",
"In response to warping and swelling experienced during its storage during World War II, and to prepare the picture for an exhibit to honor the anniversary of Leonardo's 500th birthday, the \"Mona Lisa\" was fitted in 1951 with a flexible oak frame with beech crosspieces.",
"This flexible frame, which is used in addition to the decorative frame described below, exerts pressure on the panel to keep it from warping further.",
"In 1970, the beech crosspieces were switched to maple after it was found that the beechwood had been infested with insects.",
"In 2004–2005, a conservation and study team replaced the maple crosspieces with sycamore ones, and an additional metal crosspiece was added for scientific measurement of the panel's warp.",
"The \"Mona Lisa\" has had many different decorative frames in its history, owing to changes in taste over the centuries.",
"In 1909, the Comtesse de Béhague gave the portrait its current frame, a Renaissance-era work consistent with the historical period of the \"Mona Lisa\".",
"The edges of the painting have been trimmed at least once in its history to fit the picture into various frames, but no part of the original paint layer has been trimmed."
] | [
2
] |
Movement | Can you define Flagella? | Bacteria | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"Many bacteria can move using a variety of mechanisms: flagella are used for swimming through fluids; bacterial gliding and twitching motility move bacteria across surfaces; and changes of buoyancy allow vertical motion.",
"Swimming bacteria frequently move near 10 body lengths per second and a few as fast as 100.",
"This makes them at least as fast as fish, on a relative scale.",
"In bacterial gliding and twitching motility, bacteria use their type IV pili as a grappling hook, repeatedly extending it, anchoring it and then retracting it with remarkable force (>80 pN).",
"Flagella are semi-rigid cylindrical structures that are rotated and function much like the propeller on a ship.",
"Objects as small as bacteria operate a low Reynolds number and cylindrical forms are more efficient than the flat, paddle-like, forms appropriate at human-size scale.",
"Bacterial species differ in the number and arrangement of flagella on their surface; some have a single flagellum (monotrichous), a flagellum at each end (amphitrichous), clusters of flagella at the poles of the cell (lophotrichous), while others have flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell (peritrichous).",
"The bacterial flagella is the best-understood motility structure in any organism and is made of about 20 proteins, with approximately another 30 proteins required for its regulation and assembly.",
"The flagellum is a rotating structure driven by a reversible motor at the base that uses the electrochemical gradient across the membrane for power.",
"This motor drives the motion of the filament, which acts as a propeller.",
"Many bacteria (such as \"E. coli\") have two distinct modes of movement: forward movement (swimming) and tumbling.",
"The tumbling allows them to reorient and makes their movement a three-dimensional random walk.",
"(See external links below for link to videos.)",
"The flagella of a unique group of bacteria, the spirochaetes, are found between two membranes in the periplasmic space.",
"They have a distinctive helical body that twists about as it moves.",
"Motile bacteria are attracted or repelled by certain stimuli in behaviors called taxes: these include chemotaxis, phototaxis, energy taxis, and magnetotaxis.",
"In one peculiar group, the myxobacteria, individual bacteria move together to form waves of cells that then differentiate to form fruiting bodies containing spores.",
"The myxobacteria move only when on solid surfaces, unlike \"E. coli\", which is motile in liquid or solid media.",
"Several \"Listeria\" and \"Shigella\" species move inside host cells by usurping the cytoskeleton, which is normally used to move organelles inside the cell.",
"By promoting actin polymerization at one pole of their cells, they can form a kind of tail that pushes them through the host cell's cytoplasm."
] | [] |
History | How many distinct building campaigns were there for Versailles? | Palace of Versailles | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
9
] | [
"The earliest mention of the name of Versailles is in a document dated 1038, relating to the village of Versailles.",
"In 1575, the seigneury of Versailles was bought by Albert de Gondi, a naturalized Florentine, who invited Louis XIII on several hunting trips in the forests surrounding Versailles.",
"Pleased with the location, Louis ordered the construction of a hunting lodge in 1624.",
"Eight years later, Louis obtained the seigneury of Versailles from the Gondi family and began to make enlargements to the château.",
"This structure would become the core of the new palace.",
"Louis XIII's successor, Louis XIV, had it expanded into one of the largest palaces in the world.",
"Following the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678, he began to gradually move the court to Versailles.",
"The court was officially established there on 6 May 1682.",
"After the disgrace of Nicolas Fouquet in 1661, Louis confiscated Fouquet's estate and employed the talents of Le Vau, Le Nôtre, and Le Brun, who all had worked on Fouquet's grand château Vaux-le-Vicomte, for his building campaigns at Versailles and elsewhere.",
"For Versailles, there were four distinct building campaigns."
] | [
5
] |
Andrew | What were the names of the Kinsington boys featured in Up? | Up Series | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"Andrew was one of three boys chosen from the same pre-preparatory school in the wealthy London district of Kensington (the other two being Charles and John).",
"The three are introduced in \"Seven Up!\"",
"singing \"Waltzing Matilda\" in Latin.",
"At the age of seven, when asked what newspaper he reads, if any, Andrew stated that he reads \"The Financial Times\" (although he later revealed he was in fact just repeating what his father had told him when asked the same question).",
"All three could say which prep schools, public schools and universities they planned to attend (Oxford or Cambridge in all cases); two named the specific Oxbridge college they intended to join.",
"Andrew Brackfield's academic career culminated in his studying at Trinity College, Cambridge.",
"Andrew subsequently became a solicitor, married and raised a family.",
"He is the only one of the three Kensington boys to have appeared in all the \"Up\" films.",
"Both Andrew and his wife are most satisfied with how their children have turned out, followed by their relationship."
] | [
0
] |
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