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Transport | Who manages the railway network? | Portugal | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
15
] | [
"By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation.",
"Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways.",
"Today, the country has a road network, of which almost are part of system of 44 motorways.",
"Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5).",
"But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented.",
"In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways.",
"On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde.",
"Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe.",
"Continental Portugal's territory is serviced by three international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja.",
"Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country.",
"The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country.",
"The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport, though this plan has been stalled due to the austerity.",
"Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.",
"A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal.",
"Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the of railway lines currently in service, of which are electrified and about allow train speeds greater than .",
"The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses (CP), both public companies.",
"In 2006 the CP carried 133 million passengers and of goods.",
"The major seaports are located in Sines, Lisbon, Leixões, Setúbal, Aveiro, Figueira da Foz, and Faro.",
"The two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems: Lisbon Metro and \"Metro Sul do Tejo\" in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area, each with more than of lines.",
"In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the \"Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa\" (Carris), for over a century.",
"In Porto, a tram network, of which only a tourist line on the shores of the Douro remain, began construction on 12 September 1895 (a first for the Iberian Peninsula).",
"All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | What is the Latin meaning of nebula? | Nebula | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"A nebula (from Latin: \"cloud\"; pl.",
"\"nebulae\" or \"nebulæ\", with ligature, or \"nebulas\") is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases.",
"Originally, \"nebula\" was a name for any diffuse astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way.",
"The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the \"Andromeda Nebula\" (and spiral galaxies in general as \"spiral nebulae\") before the true nature of galaxies was confirmed in the early 20th century by Vesto Slipher, Edwin Hubble and others.",
"Nebulae are often star-forming regions, such as in the Eagle Nebula.",
"This nebula is depicted in one of NASA's most famous images, the \"Pillars of Creation\".",
"In these regions the formations of gas, dust, and other materials \"clump\" together to form larger masses, which attract further matter, and eventually will become massive enough to form stars.",
"The remaining materials are then believed to form planets, and other planetary system objects."
] | [
0
] |
Awards | What did 'Life is Beautiful' achieve in 1998? | Life Is Beautiful | true | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Life is Beautiful\" was shown at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, and went on to win the Grand Prix.",
"At the 71st Academy Awards, the film won awards for Best Music, Original Dramatic Score, and Best Foreign Language Film, with Benigni winning Best Actor for his role.",
"The film also received Academy Award nominations for Directing, Film Editing, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Picture."
] | [
0
] |
Background and release | What magazine revealed that "Rumor Has It" would be released as the third single from "Set Fire to the Rain"? | Set Fire to the Rain | false | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" was written by Adele and Fraser T Smith while the production was handled by Smith.",
"On 28 October, during an interview with \"Billboard\", Columbia Records revealed that \"Rumour Has It\" would be released as the third single from the album and serviced to pop and adult contemporary radio.",
"However, the release of the song was scrapped and \"Set Fire to the Rain\" was released as the third US-single on 21 November 2011.",
"A spokesperson for Columbia, Pete Cosenza stated: \"Our research found more programmer preference for 'Set Fire to the Rain'.",
"[...] Both 'Rumour' and 'Fire' came back strong, but 'Fire' was a bit stronger.",
"[...] It's a better plan to go with 'Fire' over 'Rumour' at pop and adult radio.",
"[...] Everyone, from radio to the buying public, seems to be on board.\""
] | [
0
] |
Society | What percentage of France's citizens have a favorable opinion of the US? | France | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
3
] | [
"According to a BBC poll in 2010, based on 29,977 responses in 28 countries, France is globally seen as a positive influence in the world's affairs: 49% have a positive view of the country's influence, whereas 19% have a negative view.",
"The Nation Brand Index of 2008 suggested that France has the second best international reputation, only behind Germany.",
"According to a poll in 2011, the French were found to have the highest level of religious tolerance and to be the country where the highest proportion of the population defines its identity primarily in term of nationality and not religion.",
"69% of French have a favourable view of the US, making France one of the most pro-American countries in the world.",
"In January 2010, the magazine International Living ranked France as \"best country to live in\", ahead of 193 other countries, for the fifth year running.",
"The French Revolution continues to permeate the country's collective memory.",
"The tricolour flag, the anthem \"La Marseillaise\", and the motto Liberté, egalité, fraternité, defined in Title 1 of the Constitution as national symbols, all emerged during the cultural ferment of the early revolution, along with Marianne, a common national personification.",
"In addition, Bastille Day, the national holiday, commemorates the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789.",
"A common and traditional symbol of the French people is the Gallic rooster.",
"Its origins date back to Antiquity, since the Latin word Gallus meant both \"rooster\" and \"inhabitant of Gaul\".",
"Then this figure gradually became the most widely shared representation of the French, used by French monarchs, then by the Revolution and under the successive republican regimes as representation of the national identity, used for some stamps and coins."
] | [
0
] |
Environment | What impact did Japan's 1973 oil crisis have on their energy use? | Japan | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"In the period of rapid economic growth after World War II, environmental policies were downplayed by the government and industrial corporations; as a result, environmental pollution was widespread in the 1950s and 1960s.",
"Responding to rising concern about the problem, the government introduced several environmental protection laws in 1970.",
"The oil crisis in 1973 also encouraged the efficient use of energy because of Japan's lack of natural resources.",
"Current environmental issues include urban air pollution (NOx, suspended particulate matter, and toxics), waste management, water eutrophication, nature conservation, climate change, chemical management and international co-operation for conservation.",
"Japan is one of the world's leaders in the development of new environment-friendly technologies, and is ranked 26th best in the world in the 2014 Environmental Performance Index.",
"As a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol, and host of the 1997 conference which created it, Japan is under treaty obligation to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and to take other steps to curb climate change."
] | [
0
] |
Synopsis | Why does Patrick Jane cooperate with the CBI? | The Mentalist | false | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"The series follows Patrick Jane, an independent consultant for the California Bureau of Investigation (CBI) based in Sacramento, California.",
"Although not an officer of the law, he uses skills from his former career as a successful yet admittedly fraudulent psychic medium to help a team of CBI agents solve murders.",
"The ultimate goal of Patrick Jane in his cooperation with the CBI is to track down the killer known as \"Red John,\" who was responsible for the brutal murders of his wife and daughter.",
"Jane formerly had a lucrative career as a con man, successfully posing as a psychic medium and enjoying near-celebrity status.",
"Five years before the events in the show's pilot episode, he appeared on television to claim that his paranormal abilities helped the police profile a serial killer named Red John.",
"Red John, angered by the perceived slight, murdered Jane's wife and young daughter in revenge.",
"Jane subsequently abandoned his job as a psychic and teamed with the CBI, using his skills to help them solve various crimes.",
"His main focus is on the cases involving Red John or Red John copycats.",
"He admits to faking the supernatural aspects of his skills, often asserting that \"there's no such thing as psychics,\" yet he has finely honed skills in cold reading, hypnosis, and pickpocketing, as well as powerful observational skill and a deep insight into the human psyche and behavior.",
"His last act at CBI was to finally find Red John and kill him.",
"After spending two years off the grid, Jane cut a deal with the FBI to work for them, bringing with him former CBI Senior Agent Teresa Lisbon, the only person who seems to be able to keep Jane's theatrics and lack of boundaries under control.",
"Jane and Lisbon work with their former fellow CBI agent Kimball Cho, FBI Agent Kim Fischer, are supervised by the no-nonsense Agent Dennis Abbott and are now based in Austin, Texas.",
"The rest of the former CBI team, Wayne Rigsby and Grace Van Pelt, have started their own security firm, but keep in touch with their former colleagues."
] | [
1
] |
Competitive strategy | Why do divers have coaches? | Diving | false | 4SPORT
| [
13,
14,
15
] | [
"To win dive meets, divers create a dive list in advance of the meet.",
"To win the meet the diver must accumulate more points than other divers.",
"Often, simple dives with low DDs will look good to spectators but will not win meets.",
"The competitive diver will attempt the highest DD dives possible with which they can achieve consistent, high scores.",
"If divers are scoring 8 or 9 on most dives, it may be a sign of their extreme skill, or it may be a sign that their dive list is not competitive, and they may lose the meet to a diver with higher DDs and lower scores.",
"In competition, divers must submit their lists beforehand, and once past a deadline (usually when the event is announced or shortly before it begins) they cannot change their dives.",
"If they fail to perform the dive announced, even if they physically cannot execute the dive announced or if they perform a more difficult dive, they will receive a score of zero.",
"Under exceptional circumstances, a redive may be granted, but these are exceedingly rare (usually for very young divers just learning how to compete, or if some event outside the diver's control has caused them to be unable to perform).",
"In the Olympics or other highly competitive meets, many divers will have nearly the same list of dives as their competitors.",
"The importance for divers competing at this level is not so much the DD, but how they arrange their list.",
"Once the more difficult rounds of dives begin it is important to lead off with a confident dive to build momentum.",
"They also tend to put a very confident dive in front of a very difficult dive to ensure that they will have a good mentality for the difficult dive.",
"Most divers have pre-dive and post-dive rituals that help them either maintain or regain focus.",
"Coaches also play a role in this aspect of the sport.",
"Many divers rely on their coaches to help keep their composure during the meet.",
"In a large meet coaches are rarely allowed on the deck to talk to their athlete so it is common to see coaches using hand gestures to communicate.",
"There are some American meets which will allow changes of the position of the dive even after the dive has been announced immediately before execution, but these are an exception to the rules generally observed internationally.",
"Generally, NCAA rules allow for dives to be changed while the diver is on the board, but the diver must request the change directly after the dive is announced.",
"This applies especially in cases where the wrong dive is announced.",
"If the diver pauses during his or her hurdle to ask for a change of dive, it will be declared a balk and the change of dive will not be permitted.",
"Under FINA law, no dive may be changed after the deadline for the dive-sheet to be submitted (generally a period ranging from one hour to 24 hours, depending on the rulings made by the event organiser).",
"It is the diver's responsibility to ensure that the dive-sheet is filled in correctly, and also to correct the referee or announcer before the dive if they describe it incorrectly.",
"If a dive is performed which is as submitted but not as (incorrectly) announced, it is declared failed and scores zero according to a strict reading of the FINA law.",
"But in practice, a re-dive would usually be granted in these circumstances."
] | [
1
] |
Photographs | Who donated the first major collection to the Museum? | Metropolitan Museum of Art | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"The Met's collection of photographs, numbering more than 25,000 in total, is centered on five major collections plus additional acquisitions by the museum.",
"Alfred Stieglitz, a famous photographer himself, donated the first major collection of photographs to the museum, which included a comprehensive survey of Photo-Secessionist works, a rich set of master prints by Edward Steichen, and an outstanding collection of Stieglitz's photographs from his own studio.",
"The Met supplemented Stieglitz's gift with the 8,500-piece Gilman Paper Company Collection, the Rubel Collection, and the Ford Motor Company Collection, which respectively provided the collection with early French and American photography, early British photography, and post-WWI American and European photography.",
"The museum also acquired Walker Evans's personal collection of photographs, a particular coup considering the high demand for his works.",
"The department of photography was founded in 1992.",
"Though the department gained a permanent gallery in 1997, not all of the department's holdings are on display at any given time, due to the sensitive materials represented in the photography collection.",
"However, the Photographs department has produced some of the best-received temporary exhibits in the Met's recent past, including a Diane Arbus retrospective and an extensive show devoted to spirit photography.",
"In 2007, the museum designated a gallery exclusively for the exhibition of photographs made after 1960."
] | [
3
] |
Infrastructure | How many shinkansen trains connect major cities? | Japan | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
10
] | [
", 46.1 percent of energy in Japan was produced from petroleum, 21.3 percent from coal, 21.4 percent from natural gas, 4.0 percent from nuclear power, and 3.3 percent from hydropower.",
"Nuclear power produced 9.2 percent of Japan's electricity, as of 2011, down from 24.9 percent the previous year.",
"However, as of May 5, 2012, all of the country's nuclear power plants had been taken offline because of ongoing public opposition following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, though government officials have been continuing to try to sway public opinion in favor of returning at least some of Japan's 50 nuclear reactors to service.",
"Given its heavy dependence on imported energy, Japan has aimed to diversify its sources and maintain high levels of energy efficiency.",
"Japan's road spending has been extensive.",
"Its 1.2 million kilometers of paved road are the main means of transportation.",
"A single network of high-speed, divided, limited-access toll roads connects major cities and is operated by toll-collecting enterprises.",
"New and used cars are inexpensive; car ownership fees and fuel levies are used to promote energy efficiency.",
"However, at just 50 percent of all distance traveled, car usage is the lowest of all G8 countries.",
"Dozens of Japanese railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; major companies include seven JR enterprises, Kintetsu Corporation, Seibu Railway and Keio Corporation.",
"Some 250 high-speed Shinkansen trains connect major cities and Japanese trains are known for their safety and punctuality.",
"Proposals for a new Maglev route between Tokyo and Osaka are at an advanced stage.",
"There are 173 airports in Japan; the largest domestic airport, Haneda Airport, is Asia's second-busiest airport.",
"The largest international gateways are Narita International Airport, Kansai International Airport and Chūbu Centrair International Airport.",
"Nagoya Port is the country's largest and busiest port, accounting for 10 percent of Japan's trade value."
] | [
5
] |
Marketing | What was the name of the free smartphone application that was released by Best Buy to translate the Minion language? | Despicable Me | false | 6MOVIES
| [
4
] | [
"Marketing.NBC (which is owned by Universal) had an extensive marketing campaign leading up to the film's release.",
"Sneak peeks were shown in episodes of \"The Biggest Loser\".",
"\"Despicable Me\" was also featured on \"Last Comic Standing\" when Gru comes in to audition.",
"IHOP restaurants promoted the film by introducing three new menu items, a kids' breakfast meal, and a drink all having the word \"minion\" in them.",
"Best Buy released a free smartphone application called \"Best Buy Movie Mode\", which translated what the Minions were saying during the end credits of the 3D theatrical release.",
"For the home media release of the film, the application was updated to translate the Minions' language throughout the entire film."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | How much money did The Matrix gross in 1999 worldwide when first released? | The Matrix | false | 6MOVIES
| [
7
] | [
"The Matrix is a 1999 American–Australian science fiction action film written and directed by The Wachowski Brothers, starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, and Joe Pantoliano.",
"It depicts a dystopian future in which reality as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated reality called \"the Matrix\", created by sentient machines to subdue the human population, while their bodies' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source.",
"Computer programmer \"Neo\" learns this truth and is drawn into a rebellion against the machines, which involves other people who have been freed from the \"dream world\".",
"\"The Matrix\" is known for popularizing a visual effect known as \"bullet time\", in which the heightened perception of certain characters is represented by allowing the action within a shot to progress in slow-motion while the camera's viewpoint appears to move through the scene at normal speed.",
"The film is an example of the cyberpunk science fiction genre.",
"It contains numerous references to philosophical and religious ideas, and prominently pays homage to works such as Plato's Allegory of the Cave, Jean Baudrillard's \"Simulacra and Simulation\" and Lewis Carroll's \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\".",
"The Wachowskis' approach to action scenes drew upon their admiration for Japanese animation and martial arts films, and the film's use of fight choreographers and wire fu techniques from Hong Kong action cinema was influential upon subsequent Hollywood action film productions.",
"\"The Matrix\" was first released in the United States on , 1999, and grossed over $460 million worldwide.",
"It was generally well-received by critics, and won four Academy Awards as well as other accolades including BAFTA Awards and Saturn Awards.",
"Reviewers praised \"The Matrix\" for its innovative visual effects, cinematography and its entertainment.",
"The film's premise was both criticized for being derivative of earlier science fiction works, and praised for being intriguing.",
"The action also polarized critics, some describing it as impressive, but others dismissing it as a trite distraction from an interesting premise.",
"Despite this, the film has since appeared in lists of the greatest science fiction films,--> and in 2012, was added to the National Film Registry for preservation.",
"The success of the film led to the release of two feature film sequels, both written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers, \"The Matrix Reloaded\" and \"The Matrix Revolutions\".",
"The \"Matrix\" franchise was further expanded through the production of comic books, video games, and animated short films in which the Wachowskis were heavily involved."
] | [
2,
5
] |
Popular interest | Where is the Henry Moore Institute located? | Henry Moore | false | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"Today, the Henry Moore Foundation manages the artist's former home at Perry Green in Hertfordshire as a visitor destination, with 70 acres of sculpture grounds as well as his restored house and studios.",
"It also runs the Henry Moore Institute in Leeds which organises exhibitions and research activities in international sculpture.",
"Popular interest in Moore's work was perceived by some to have declined for a while in the UK but has been revived in recent times by exhibitions including Henry Moore at Tate Britain in 2010 and Moore at Kew and Hatfield in 2007 and 2011 respectively.",
"The Foundation he endowed continues to play an essential role in promoting contemporary art in the United Kingdom and abroad through its grants and exhibitions programme."
] | [
4
] |
Grizzly Peak | Are there any places to eat in the Grizzly Peak District? | Disney California Adventure | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
4
] | [
"Grizzly Peak is themed around California's wilderness and national parks with particular references to Yosemite and Redwood national parks.",
"Its main attraction is Grizzly River Run, a Gold Rush-esque river rapids ride around the summit of Grizzly Peak.",
"Nearby is the Redwood Creek Challenge Trail; a playground area that includes a show featuring characters from Disney·Pixar's \"Up\".",
"A special entrance exclusive to guests of Disney's Grand Californian Hotel is located in this area.",
"There are also several restaurants in the Grizzly Peak district that are themed to California's farmland and heritage.",
"California-themed food and wine festivals are hosted in this area as well."
] | [] |
Interpretations | The positions of what were compared to the painting "The Starry Night" in 1985? | The Starry Night | true | 3ART
| [
4
] | [
"Perhaps no other painting in Western Art has enjoyed such a varying array of intriguing interpretations.",
"Academic theories tend towards two schools: \"the literal\" and \"the literary.\"",
"The \"literal\" includes both \"he painted what he saw\" and the \"hallucinatory genius\" arguments (as an individual's hallucinations are indistinguishable from real life) while the \"literary\" suggest that inspiration blossomed from some written source; most often cited for van Gogh's \"Starry Night\" are The Bible, Walt Whitman and Victor Hugo.",
"Legendary 20th century art historian Albert Boime is generally credited with the best \"literal\" theory by proving, in conjunction with three Astronomer colleagues at UCLA the position of the stars from van Gogh's window in the asylum at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence at 4 a.m. on June 19, 1889, the day van Gogh wrote his brother that he had completed the painting.",
"In a 1985 lecture to the American Astronomical Society, Boime compared the positions of the moon and Venus that night and showed that they corresponded to the positions of the celestial objects in the painting.",
"While Boime and his lead astronomer, Charles Whitney agreed the large star above the horizon is the Morning Star, they failed to agree on the arrangement of the other stars.",
"Boime claimed they constituted the constellation of Aries, while Whitney argued it was Cygnus.",
"Boime further attempted to make the argument that van Gogh had likely seen an image of a spiral galaxy from Camille Flammarion's \"Astronomie populaire\", in an attempt to explain the existence of van Gogh's celestial spiral jetty.",
"In his 800-plus existing letters, however, van Gogh makes no mention of ever reading Flammarion.",
"As to the leading \"literary\" theories: those about The Bible range from van Gogh painting a passage out of Genesis 37 describing a dream of Joseph to an apocalyptic depiction out of the twelfth book of Revelation to a \"sublimated Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane\"; while those from Whitman attempt to correlate the painting's poetic vision within Song of Myself; and (what has been mistakenly attributed to Hugo's Les Miserables) as an inspired depiction of God as \"a lighthouse in eclipse.",
"\"This bevy of interpretations has helped keep van Gogh's \"Starry Night\" firmly within the discussions and lively debates of both public and academic art history."
] | [
0
] |
Current | Where is the Fashion Show Mall located? | Las Vegas Strip | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
" Bonanza Gift Shop is billed as the \"World's Largest Gift Shop\", with over of shopping space.",
" The Shoppes at The Palazzo feature luxury stores including the only Barneys New York department store in Las Vegas.",
" Fashion Show Mall is adjacent to Treasure Island and opposite Wynn Las Vegas.",
" Grand Canal Shoppes is a luxury mall connected to The Venetian with canals, gondolas and singing gondoliers.",
" Miracle Mile is part of the Planet Hollywood hotel.",
" The Forum Shops at Caesars is a luxury mall connected to Caesars Palace, with more than 160 shops and 11 restaurants.",
" Crystals at CityCenter is a luxury high-fashion mall at CityCenter.",
" Harmon Corner is a three story retail center located next to Planet Hollywood with shops and restaurants."
] | [
4
] |
Conclusion and legacy | When was the Peace of Augsburg recognized? | Protestant Reformation | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
6
] | [
"The Reformation led to a series of religious wars that culminated in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, killing between 25 and 40% of its population.",
"From 1618 to 1648 the Roman Catholic House of Habsburg and its allies fought against the Protestant princes of Germany, supported at various times by Denmark, Sweden and France.",
"The Habsburgs, who ruled Spain, Austria, Slovene Lands, the Spanish Netherlands and much of Germany and Italy, were staunch defenders of the Roman Catholic Church.",
"Some historians believe that the era of the Reformation came to a close when Roman Catholic France allied itself, first in secret and later on the battlefields, with Protestant states against the Habsburg dynasty.",
"For the first time since the days of Luther, political and national convictions again outweighed religious convictions in Europe.",
"The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, were:",
" All parties would now recognise the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, by which each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state, the options being Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, and now Calvinism (the principle of \"cuius regio, eius religio\")",
" Christians living in principalities where their denomination was \"not\" the established church were guaranteed the right to practice their faith in public during allotted hours and in private at their will.",
"The treaty also effectively ended the papacy's pan-European political power.",
"Fully aware of the loss, Pope Innocent X declared the treaty \"null, void, invalid, iniquitous, unjust, damnable, reprobate, inane, empty of meaning and effect for all times.\"",
"European sovereigns, Roman Catholic and Protestant alike, ignored his verdict.",
"However, this treaty did not mean that the Reformation concluded.",
"It would be about another century (ca.",
"1750) before the Reformation could truly be considered to have ended.",
"Meanwhile, other reform movements continued to spring up, even within the Reformation churches.",
"One such movement was Pietism, which impacted the Low Countries (hence the Reformed churches), Germany (hence also Lutheranism), and Great Britain, which led to a split in Lutheranism and which brought about the creation of some new churches (most notably the Moravian Church and Methodism).",
"In turn, Pietism would branch out into a \"normative\" form and Radical Pietism.",
"The Reformation had a wide-ranging influence on personal life.",
"In fashion, for instance, it led to a more sober and dignified, less wasteful esthetics.",
"Further impact on the Reformation came from the Age of Enlightenment, and its preponderance of Rationalism.",
"This would lead to redefined roles for religion, eventually relegating it to second-class status.",
"In \"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism\", Max Weber first suggested that cultural values could affect economic success, arguing that the Protestant Reformation led to values that drove people toward worldly achievements, a hard work ethic, and saving to accumulate wealth for investment.",
"The new religions (in particular, Calvinism and other more austere Protestant groups) effectively forbade wastefully using hard earned money and identified the purchase of luxuries a sin."
] | [
2
] |
Modern era | In what year did scientists invent a tap that prevents backflow into the tree? | Maple syrup | true | 9FOOD
| [
17
] | [
"Around the time of the American Civil War, syrup makers started using large, flat sheet metal pans as they were more efficient for boiling than heavy, rounded iron kettles, because of a greater surface area for evaporation.",
"Around this time, cane sugar replaced maple sugar as the dominant sweetener in the US; as a result, producers focused marketing efforts on maple syrup.",
"The first evaporator, used to heat and concentrate sap, was patented in 1858.",
"In 1872, an evaporator was developed that featured two pans and a metal arch or firebox, which greatly decreased boiling time.",
"Around 1900, producers bent the tin that formed the bottom of a pan into a series of flues, which increased the heated surface area of the pan and again decreased boiling time.",
"Some producers also added a finishing pan, a separate batch evaporator, as a final stage in the evaporation process.",
"Buckets began to be replaced with plastic bags, which allowed people to see at a distance how much sap had been collected.",
"Syrup producers also began using tractors to haul vats of sap from the trees being tapped (the sugarbush) to the evaporator.",
"Some producers adopted motor-powered tappers and metal tubing systems to convey sap from the tree to a central collection container, but these techniques were not widely used.",
"Heating methods also diversified: modern producers use wood, oil, natural gas, propane, or steam to evaporate sap.",
"Modern filtration methods were perfected to prevent contamination of the syrup.",
"A large number of technological changes took place during the 1970s.",
"Plastic tubing systems that had been experimental since the early part of the century were perfected, and the sap came directly from the tree to the evaporator house.",
"Vacuum pumps were added to the tubing systems, and preheaters were developed to recycle heat lost in the steam.",
"Producers developed reverse-osmosis machines to take a portion of water out of the sap before it was boiled, increasing processing efficiency.",
"Improvements in tubing and vacuum pumps, new filtering techniques, \"supercharged\" preheaters, and better storage containers have since been developed.",
"Research continues on pest control and improved woodlot management.",
"In 2009, researchers at the University of Vermont unveiled a new type of tap that prevents backflow of sap into the tree, reducing bacterial contamination and preventing the tree from attempting to heal the bore hole.",
"Experiments show that it may be possible to use saplings in a plantation instead of mature trees dramatically boosting productivity per acre."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What is the age of Yoshikazu? | Jiro Dreams of Sushi | true | 6MOVIES
| [
4
] | [
"Jiro Dreams of Sushi is a 2011 American documentary film directed by David Gelb.",
"The film follows , an 85-year-old sushi master and owner of Sukiyabashi Jiro, a Michelin three-star restaurant, on his continuing quest to perfect the art of sushi.",
"The film also profiles Jiro's two sons, both of whom are also sushi chefs.",
"The younger son, Takashi (隆士), left Sukiyabashi Jiro to open a mirror image of his father's restaurant in Roppongi Hills.",
"The 50-year-old elder son, Yoshikazu (禎一), obligated to succeed his father, still works for Jiro and is faced with the prospect of one day taking over the flagship restaurant."
] | [
0
] |
Alternative candidates | How many degrees to the ground does The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand lean? | Leaning Tower of Pisa | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
4
] | [
"Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen.",
"\"Guinness World Records\" measured the Pisa and Suurhusen towers, finding the former's tilt to be 3.97 degrees.",
"In June 2010, \"Guinness World Records\" certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the \"World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower\".",
"The Capital Gate tower has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower; however the Capital Gate tower has been deliberately engineered to slant.",
"The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground."
] | [
5
] |
Inside the UK | Where is the Haxey Hood played and when is it played? | Football | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
" The Haxey Hood, played on Epiphany in Haxey, Lincolnshire",
" Shrove Tuesday games",
"* Scoring the Hales in Alnwick, Northumberland",
"* Royal Shrovetide Football in Ashbourne, Derbyshire",
"* The Shrovetide Ball Game in Atherstone, Warwickshire",
"* The Shrove Tuesday Football Ceremony of the Purbeck Marblers in Corfe Castle, Dorset",
"* Hurling the Silver Ball at St Columb Major in Cornwall",
"* The Ball Game in Sedgefield, County Durham",
" In Scotland the Ba game (\"Ball Game\") is still popular around Christmas and Hogmanay at:",
"* Duns, Berwickshire",
"* Scone, Perthshire",
"* Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands"
] | [
2,
4
] |
Abstract | What year was the movie Forest Gump released | Forrest Gump | false | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"Forrest Gump is a 1994 American epic romantic comedy-drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom.",
"The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and starred Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise and Sally Field.",
"The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump, a naïve and slow-witted yet athletically prodigious native of Alabama who witnesses, and in some cases influences, some of the defining events of the latter half of the 20th century in the United States; more specifically, the period between Forrest's birth in 1944 and 1982.",
"The film differs substantially from Winston Groom's novel on which it is based, including Gump's personality and several events that were depicted.",
"Filming took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.",
"Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate the protagonist into archived footage and to develop other scenes.",
"A comprehensive soundtrack was featured in the film, using music intended to pinpoint specific time periods portrayed on screen.",
"Its commercial release made it a top-selling soundtrack, selling over 12 million copies worldwide.",
"Released in the United States on July 6, 1994, \"Forrest Gump\" received critical acclaim and became a commercial success as the top grossing film in North America released that year, being the first major success for Paramount Pictures since the studio's sale to Viacom earlier in the year.",
"The film earned over $677 million worldwide during its theatrical run.",
"The film won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director for Robert Zemeckis, Best Actor for Tom Hanks, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Visual Effects and Best Film Editing.",
"It also garnered multiple other awards and nominations, including Golden Globe Awards, People's Choice Awards and Young Artist Awards, among others.",
"Since the film's release, varying interpretations have been made of the film's protagonist and its political symbolism.",
"In 1996, a themed restaurant, Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, opened based on the film, and has since expanded to multiple locations worldwide.",
"The scene of Gump running across the country is often referred to when real-life people attempt the feat.",
"In 2011, the Library of Congress selected \"Forrest Gump\" for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
] | [
0
] |
Health | Since 1966, in which category have Americans received the most Nobel Prizes? | United States | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
12
] | [
"The United States has life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth, up from 75.2 years in 1990, ranks it 50th among 221 nations, and 27th out of the 34 industrialized OECD countries, down from 20th in 1990.",
"Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere have contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 1987, when it was 11th in the world.",
"Obesity rates in the United States are among the highest in the world.",
"Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight; the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century.",
"Obesity-related type 2 diabetes is considered epidemic by health care professionals.",
"The infant mortality rate of 6.06 per thousand places the United States 176th highest out of 222 countries.",
"In 2010, coronary artery disease, lung cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and traffic accidents caused the most years of life lost in the U.S. Low back pain, depression, musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain, and anxiety caused the most years lost to disability.",
"The most deleterious risk factors were poor diet, tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, physical inactivity, and alcohol use.",
"Alzheimer's disease, drug abuse, kidney disease and cancer, and falls caused the most additional years of life lost over their age-adjusted 1990 per-capita rates.",
"U.S. teenage pregnancy and abortion rates are substantially higher than in other Western nations.",
"The U.S. is a global leader in medical innovation.",
"America solely developed or contributed significantly to 9 of the top 10 most important medical innovations since 1975 as ranked by a 2001 poll of physicians, while the EU and Switzerland together contributed to five.",
"Since 1966, Americans have received more Nobel Prizes in Medicine than the rest of the world.",
"From 1989 to 2002, four times more money was invested in private biotechnology companies in America than in Europe.",
"The U.S. health-care system far outspends any other nation, measured in both per capita spending and percentage of GDP.",
"Health-care coverage in the United States is a combination of public and private efforts and is not universal.",
"In 2010, 49.9 million residents or 16.3% of the population did not carry health insurance.",
"The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue.",
"In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to mandate universal health insurance.",
"Federal legislation passed in early 2010 would ostensibly create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014, though the bill and its ultimate impact are issues of controversy."
] | [] |
Abstract | What is a luge? | Luge | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"A luge is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine (face up) and feet-first.",
"Steering is done by flexing the sled's runners with the calf of each leg or exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat.",
"Racing sleds weigh 21–25 kilograms (46–55 lb) for singles and 25–30 kilograms (55–66 lb) for doubles.",
"Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport.",
"Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km per hour (87 mph).",
"Manuel Pfister of Austria, reached a top speed of 154 km per hour (95.69 mph) on the track in Whistler, Canada prior to the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.",
"Lugers compete against a timer and are timed to a thousandth of a second, making luge one of the most precisely timed sports in the world.",
"The first recorded use of the term \"luge\" is 1905, from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of French \"luge\" meaning \"small coasting sled\", and is possibly from a Gaulish word with the same root as English sled."
] | [
0
] |
Metallic character | What does the staggered line between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table represent? | Periodic table | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"The lower the values of ionization energy, electronegativity and electron affinity, the more metallic character the element has.",
"Conversely, nonmetallic character increases with higher values of these properties.",
"Given the periodic trends of these three properties, metallic character tends to decrease going across a period (or row) and, with some irregularities (mostly) due to poor screening of the nucleus by d and f electrons, and relativistic effects, tends to increase going down a group (or column or family).",
"Thus, the most metallic elements (such as caesium and francium) are found at the bottom left of traditional periodic tables and the most nonmetallic elements (oxygen, fluorine, chlorine) at the top right.",
"The combination of horizontal and vertical trends in metallic character explains the stair-shaped dividing line between metals and nonmetals found on some periodic tables, and the practice of sometimes categorizing several elements adjacent to that line, or elements adjacent to those elements, as metalloids."
] | [
0
] |
Season 3 (2009–10) | Who gets involved in a car accident during season 3 of Private Practice? | Private Practice (TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
0,
1,
7
] | [
"Season 3 (2009–10).",
"In the third season, Violet survives the cliffhanger in season two while she gives her baby Lucas to Pete while she recovers from the ordeal.",
"Addison and Sam get even closer but decide not to become a couple because they don't want to hurt Naomi, Charlotte and Cooper break up, and Dell loses Heather in an explosion which nearly kills Betsey also.",
"Addison and Pete become a couple, which causes Addison to get close to Lucas until Violet wants him back even going as far as taking Pete to court to get joint custody.",
"Sheldon starts to fall for Charlotte after they start to sleep together and Sam and Naomi's daughter, Maya, gets pregnant and marries the father of her baby, Dink.",
"And Derek Shepherd's sister, Dr. Amelia Shepherd, arrives in town.",
"In the season finale, Addison and Sam finally get together while Charlotte and Cooper get engaged much to Sheldon's dismay.",
"Pete and Violet work over their issues, while Dell and Maya get involved in a car accident and the severity of Dell's condition is overlooked while Maya was being attended to in the operating room.",
"Dr. Amelia Shepherd, younger sister of Derek Shepherd (Addison's ex-husband), operated on him but was unable to resuscitate following Dell's heart failure.",
"Maya survived her operation to save her spinal cord and prevent paralysis while at the same time she gives birth to a girl, who also survives the ordeal."
] | [
3
] |
Background and composition | How does Benjamin Levine feel about people liking the song "Moves Like Jagger"? | Moves like Jagger | false | 0MUSIC
| [
5
] | [
"",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" was written and produced by Benjamin Levin and Shellback, while additional writing was done by Adam Levine.",
"When asked about the song, Levine said, \"It was one of those songs that was definitely a risk; it's a bold statement.",
"We've never really released a song like that.",
"But it's exciting to do something different, do something new.",
"I'm just happy everyone likes it.\"",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" is a dance-pop and electropop song, with elements of disco, pop, rock and soul.",
"It features a \"throbbing\" synth, fast-paced beat and electronic drums.",
"Robbie Daw from Idolator wrote that \"Moves like Jagger\" slightly echoes The Rolling Stones' chart-topping 1978 classic \"Miss You\", and added that \"Levine’s voice is distorted via Auto-Tune on the chorus.\"",
"The song is introduced by a whistle melody and light, funky guitar in the key of B minor.",
"Levine tries his best to impress his female interest with dance moves like The Rolling Stones frontman Mick Jagger: \"I don't need to try to control you / Look into my eyes and I'll own you / With the moves like Jagger / I got the moves like Jagger / I got the moves like Jagger.\"",
"Aguilera appears mid-way through the song's bridge, playing her role as a tease: \"You want to know how to make me smile / Take control, own me just for the night / But if I share my secret / You gonna have to keep it / Nobody else can see this.\""
] | [
5
] |
Publication history | In what year did Tolken demand "The Lord of the Rings" be published? | The Lord of the Rings | true | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led to the book being offered to Collins in 1950.",
"Tolkien intended \"The Silmarillion\" (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with \"The Lord of the Rings,\" but A&U were unwilling to do this.",
"After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that \"The Lord of the Rings\" itself \"urgently wanted cutting\", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952.",
"Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, \"I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff.",
"\"For publication, the book was divided into three volumes: \"The Fellowship of the Ring\" (Books I, \"The Ring Sets Out\", and II, \"The Ring Goes South\"), \"The Two Towers\" (Books III, \"The Treason of Isengard\", and IV, \"The Ring Goes East\"), and \"The Return of the King\" (Books V, \"The War of the Ring\", and VI, \"The End of the Third Age\", plus six appendices).",
"This was due largely to post-war paper shortages, as well as being a way to keep down the price of the book.",
"Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to the volumes being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954, on 11 November 1954 and on 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, and slightly later in the United States.",
"\"The Return of the King\" was especially delayed.",
"Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title \"The Return of the King\", believing it gave away too much of the storyline.",
"He had originally suggested \"The War of the Ring\", which was dismissed by his publishers.",
"The books were published under a profit-sharing arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits.",
"It has ultimately become the second best-selling novel ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.",
"Only \"A Tale of Two Cities\" by Charles Dickens has sold more copies worldwide (over 200 million) while the fourth best-selling novel is Tolkien's \"The Hobbit\"."
] | [
0
] |
Production | Who tried their hand at fundraising the film's production? | Wake in Fright | true | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"A film version of \"Wake in Fright\", based on the 1961 novel by Kenneth Cook, was linked with the actor Dirk Bogarde and the director Joseph Losey as early as 1963.",
"Morris West later secured the film rights and tried, unsuccessfully, to raise funding for the film's production.",
"The rights were eventually bought by NLT and Group W. and Canadian director Ted Kotcheff was recruited to direct the film.",
"At the time of production, Kotcheff had directed two films, \"Tiara Tahiti\" (1962) and \"Two Men Sharing\" (1969).",
"After \"Wake in Fright\", Kotcheff would continue to have a successful career as a director.",
"His later films included \"The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz\" (1973), \"Fun with Dick and Jane\" (1977), \"First Blood\" (1982) and \"Weekend at Bernie's\" (1988).",
"The shooting of \"Wake in Fright\" began in Australia in January 1970 at Broken Hill, New South Wales (the area which had inspired Cook for the setting of his novel), with interiors shot the next month at Ajax Studios in the Sydney beach-side suburb of Bondi.",
"It was the last film to feature the veteran character actor Chips Rafferty, who died of a heart attack prior to \"Wake in Fright\"s release, and the first film with Jack Thompson, the future Australian cinema star, among its cast members.",
"Coincidentally, Rafferty (real name John William Pilbean Goffage) had been born in Broken Hill, the film's stand-in for \"The Yabba\", in 1909."
] | [
3
] |
Sources of gravitational waves | How can gravitational waves be described? | Gravitational wave | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"In general terms, gravitational waves are radiated by objects whose motion involves acceleration, provided that the motion is not perfectly spherically symmetric (like an expanding or contracting sphere) or cylindrically symmetric (like a spinning disk or sphere).",
"A simple example of this principle is provided by the spinning dumbbell.",
"If the dumbbell spins like wheels on an axle, it will not radiate gravitational waves; if it tumbles end over end like two planets orbiting each other, it will radiate gravitational waves.",
"The heavier the dumbbell, and the faster it tumbles, the greater is the gravitational radiation it will give off.",
"If we imagine an extreme case in which the two weights of the dumbbell are massive stars like neutron stars or black holes, orbiting each other quickly, then significant amounts of gravitational radiation would be given off.",
"Some more detailed examples:",
"Two objects orbiting each other in a quasi-Keplerian planar orbit (basically, as a planet would orbit the Sun) will radiate.",
" A spinning non-axisymmetric planetoid — say with a large bump or dimple on the equator — will radiate.",
" A supernova will radiate except in the unlikely event that the explosion is perfectly symmetric.",
" An isolated non-spinning solid object moving at a constant velocity will not radiate.",
"This can be regarded as a consequence of the principle of conservation of linear momentum.",
" A spinning disk will not radiate.",
"This can be regarded as a consequence of the principle of conservation of angular momentum.",
"However, it \"will\" show gravitomagnetic effects.",
" A spherically pulsating spherical star (non-zero monopole moment or mass, but zero quadrupole moment) will not radiate, in agreement with Birkhoff's theorem.",
"More technically, the third time derivative of the quadrupole moment (or the \"l\"-th time derivative of the \"l\"-th multipole moment) of an isolated system's stress–energy tensor must be nonzero in order for it to emit gravitational radiation.",
"This is analogous to the changing dipole moment of charge or current necessary for electromagnetic radiation."
] | [
5
] |
France | How much was spent in "livres tournaises" to buy munitions? | American Revolution | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"Other participants.",
"In early 1776, France set up a major program of aid to the Americans, and the Spanish secretly added funds.",
"Each country spent one million \"livres tournaises\" to buy munitions.",
"A dummy corporation run by Pierre Beaumarchais concealed their activities.",
"American rebels obtained some munitions through the Dutch Republic as well as French and Spanish ports in the West Indies."
] | [
5
] |
Music | How long did it take the singer-songwriter Randy Newman to compose the hit song "You've Got a Friend in Me"? | Toy Story | true | 6MOVIES
| [
14
] | [
"Disney was concerned with Lasseter's position on the use of music.",
"Unlike other Disney films of the time, Lasseter did not want the film to be a musical, saying it was a buddy film featuring \"real toys.\"",
"Joss Whedon agreed saying, \"It would have been a really bad musical, because it's a buddy movie.",
"It's about people who won't admit what they want, much less sing about it.",
"...",
"Buddy movies are about sublimating, punching an arm, 'I hate you.'",
"It's not about open emotion.\"",
"However, Disney favored the musical format, claiming \"Musicals are our orientation.",
"Characters breaking into song is a great shorthand.",
"It takes some of the onus off what they're asking for.\"",
"Disney and Pixar reached a compromise: the characters in \"Toy Story\" would not break into song, but the film would use songs over the action, as in \"The Graduate\", to convey and amplify the emotions that Buzz and Woody were feeling.",
"Disney tapped Randy Newman to compose the film.",
"The edited \"Toy Story\" was due to Randy Newman and Gary Rydstrom in late September 1995 for their final work on the score and sound design, respectively.",
"Lasseter claimed \"His songs are touching, witty, and satirical, and he would deliver the emotional underpinning for every scene.\"",
"Newman developed the film's signature song \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" in one day."
] | [
5
] |
Location and setting | What area code is mentioned in Suburgatory? | Suburgatory | true | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"The series takes place in the fictional town of Chatswin.",
"The onscreen map animation displayed in the opening credits zooms in on the affluent New York City suburbs of southern Westchester County as the geographic location of \"Chatswin\".",
"The Westchester County 914 area code is also referenced in the show.",
"The use of the 10805 postal code of the New Rochelle community, as the Chatswin postal code of main character George Altman signifies it as being the fictional town's true location.",
"The series takes its title from \"Suburgatory: Twisted Tales from Darkest Suburbia\", a book by former CNN Senior Producer Linda Keenan, based in part on her experiences after she moved from New York City to three affluent suburbs, the first of which was in Westchester County.",
"The book, released on October 11, 2011, thirteen days after the show premiered, is described on the front cover as \"The Title behind the ABC Sitcom\"."
] | [
0
] |
Accolades | When did this movie win an Attitude Award? | How to Survive a Plague | false | 6MOVIES
| [
8
] | [
"",
"\"How to Survive a Plague\" received awards for best documentary of 2012 from the Gotham Independent Film Awards and from the Boston Society of Film Critics.",
"The Independent Spirit Awards nominated it for Best Documentary.",
"It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in the 85th Academy Awards.",
"The film also won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Documentary.",
"It was nominated for a Directors Guild Award and the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.",
"Critic A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" named \"How to Survive a Plague\" one of the best five documentaries of 2012.",
"Fellow \"New York Times\" critic Stephen Holden called the documentary the eighth best film of 2012.",
"It also won Documentary of the Year at Attitude magazine's Attitude Awards 2013."
] | [
2
] |
Beefsteak | How are the more tender cuts cooked? | Steak | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"The more tender cuts of beef, from the loin and rib, are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.",
"Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"e.g.\"",
"cube steak).",
"Steak can be cooked to a level of very rare (bleu, a cold raw center), rare, medium rare, medium, medium well done, or well done.",
"Beef, unlike certain other meats, does not need to be cooked through.",
"Food-borne human illnesses are not normally found within a beef steak, though surfaces can potentially be contaminated from handling, and thus, very rare steak (seared on the outside and raw within) is generally accepted as safe."
] | [
5
] |
Local rules | What are field hockey players required to wear? | Field hockey | false | 4SPORT
| [
8
] | [
"There are sometimes minor variations in rules from competition to competition; for instance, the duration of matches is often varied for junior competitions or for carnivals.",
"Different national associations also have slightly differing rules on player equipment.",
"The new Euro Hockey League has made major alterations to the rules to aid television viewers, such as splitting the game into four quarters, and to try to improve player behaviour, such as a two-minute suspension for green cards—the latter was also used in the 2010 World Cup.",
"In the United States, the NCAA has its own rules for inter-collegiate competitions; high school associations similarly play to different rules, usually using the rules published by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS).",
"This article assumes FIH rules unless otherwise stated.",
"USA Field Hockey produces an annual summary of the differences.",
"In the United States, the games at the junior high level consist of two 25-minute halves, while the high school level consists of two 30-minute halves.",
"Many private American schools play 25-minute halves, and some have adopted FIH rules rather than NFHS rules.",
"Players are required to wear mouth guards and shin guards in order to play the game.",
"Also, there is a newer rule requiring certain types of sticks be used.",
"In recent years, the NFHS rules have moved closer to FIH, but in 2011 a new rule requiring protective eyewear was introduced for the 2011 Fall season.",
"The 'cage style' goggles favored by US high school lacrosse and permitted in high school field hockey is not permitted under FIH rules."
] | [
0
] |
Supporting buildings | What is the name of the training school for gladiators in the east. | Colosseum | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"The Colosseum and its activities supported a substantial industry in the area.",
"In addition to the amphitheatre itself, many other buildings nearby were linked to the games.",
"Immediately to the east is the remains of the \"Ludus Magnus\", a training school for gladiators.",
"This was connected to the Colosseum by an underground passage, to allow easy access for the gladiators.",
"The \"Ludus Magnus\" had its own miniature training arena, which was itself a popular attraction for Roman spectators.",
"Other training schools were in the same area, including the \"Ludus Matutinus\" (Morning School), where fighters of animals were trained, plus the Dacian and Gallic Schools.",
"Also nearby were the \"Armamentarium\", comprising an armory to store weapons; the \"Summum Choragium\", where machinery was stored; the \"Sanitarium\", which had facilities to treat wounded gladiators; and the \"Spoliarium\", where bodies of dead gladiators were stripped of their armor and disposed of.",
"Around the perimeter of the Colosseum, at a distance of 18 m (59 ft) from the perimeter, was a series of tall stone posts, with five remaining on the eastern side.",
"Various explanations have been advanced for their presence; they may have been a religious boundary, or an outer boundary for ticket checks, or an anchor for the \"velarium\" or awning.",
"Right next to the Colosseum is also the Arch of Constantine."
] | [
0
] |
In film and television | What prefromer on "The Voice" sang the song "I Believe I Can Fly"? | I Believe I Can Fly | true | 0MUSIC
| [
6
] | [
"Other than appearing on the soundtrack for the film \"Space Jam\", \"I Believe I Can Fly\" was performed by the school band in the movie \"Drumline\" during the high school graduation ceremony of Devon Miles (Nick Cannon).",
"In \"\", Crash the possum sings the song before he crashes into a tree.",
"In the film \"Good Boy!",
"\", Wilson briefly sings the song while diving into a pool.",
"In \"Fun with Dick and Jane\", Jim Carrey sings along with the song as it is played in an elevator.",
"This song also appeared on the first American season of \"The X Factor\", where R. Kelly performed \"I Believe I Can Fly\" for the first time as a duet with the eventual winner of the show Melanie Amaro.",
"This song was also performed on \"The Voice\" as the last solo song for the second season's winner Jermaine Paul.",
"American musical TV series \"Glee\", performed a version of the song in episode fourteen of season three, \"On My Way\" (aired on February 21, 2012).",
"It is a mash-up track with the song \"Fly\" by Nicki Minaj featuring Rihanna.",
"In \"The Hangover Part III\", Leslie Chow sings a 12-second portion of the song, while parachuting through Las Vegas."
] | [
0
] |
Name | Under what name did NCIS air during its first season? | NCIS (TV series) | true | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"Prior to the launch of the first season, advertisements on CBS identified the show as \"Naval CIS\".",
"By the time of the launch of the first episode, \"NCIS\" was airing under the name \"Navy NCIS\", the name it held for the entire first season.",
"Since the \"N\" in NCIS stands for \"Naval\", the name \"Navy NCIS\" was redundant.",
"The decision to use this name was reportedly made by CBS, over the objections of Bellisario, in order to:",
" Attract new viewers (particularly those of \"JAG\"), who might not know the NCIS abbreviation.",
" Disambiguate between NCIS and the similarly themed and similarly spelled CBS series \"\" and its spinoffs.",
"(The original title, for instance, was often misquoted and parodied as \"Navy CSI\", something the show itself referenced in the first episode).",
"From the season two episode, \"Lt. Jane Doe\" onwards, the series began using what fans of the show have named 'foofs' – black-and-white 'teases' of something to occur later in the episode.",
"In the season three premiere, \"Kill Ari (Part I)\", the foofs had the freeze-frame shot added as well."
] | [
0
] |
Track listing | What's the length of the track "A Thousand Years" by Christina Perri? | It Will Rain | true | 0MUSIC
| [
5
] | [
";Digital download - single",
" \"It Will Rain\" – 4:27",
" \"It Will Rain\" (Music Video)",
";German CD single",
" \"It Will Rain\" – 4:17",
" \"A Thousand Years\" (performed by Christina Perri) - 4:45"
] | [
0
] |
Japanese casualties | How many casualties were there from the four carriers total? | Battle of Midway | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"By the time the battle ended, 3,057 Japanese had died.",
"Casualties aboard the four carriers were:\"Akagi\": 267; \"Kaga\": 811; \"Hiryu\": 392; \"Soryu\": 711; a total of 2,181.",
"The heavy cruisers \"Mikuma\" (sunk; 700 casualties) and \"Mogami\" (badly damaged; 92) accounted for another 792 deaths.",
"In addition, the destroyers \"Arashio\" (bombed; 35) and \"Asashio\" (strafed by aircraft; 21) were both damaged during the air attacks which sank \"Mikuma\" and caused further damage to \"Mogami\".",
"Floatplanes were lost from the cruisers \"Chikuma\" (3) and \"Tone\" (2).",
"Dead aboard the destroyers \"Tanikaze\" (11), \"Arashi\" (1), \"Kazagumo\" (1) and the fleet oiler \"Akebono Maru\" (10) made up the remaining 23 casualties."
] | [
5
] |
Primary sources in translation | Who wrote "The Protestant Reformation: Major Documents"? | Protestant Reformation | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
11
] | [
" Fosdick, Harry Emerson, ed.",
"\"Great Voices of the Reformation of other putative reformers before and after it: an Anthology\", ed., with an introd.",
"and commentaries, by Harry Emerson Fosdick.",
"New York: Modern Library, 1952. xxx, 546 p.",
" Janz, Denis, ed.",
"\"A Reformation Reader: Primary Texts With Introductions\" (2008) excerpt and text search",
" Luther, Martin \"Luther's Correspondence and Other Contemporary Letters,\" 2 vols., tr.",
"and ed.",
"by Preserved Smith, Charles Michael Jacobs, The Lutheran Publication Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 1913, 1918. vol.2 (1521–1530) from Google Books.",
"Reprint of Vol.1, Wipf & Stock Publishers (March 2006).",
"ISBN 1-59752-601-0.",
" Spitz, Lewis W. \"The Protestant Reformation: Major Documents\".",
"St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1997.",
"ISBN 0-570-04993-8"
] | [
3
] |
Counter puncher | What is so great about counter hitting? | Boxing | true | 4SPORT
| [
11
] | [
"Counter punchers are slippery, defensive style fighters who often rely on their opponent's mistakes in order to gain the advantage, whether it be on the score cards or more preferably a knockout.",
"They use their well-rounded defense to avoid or block shots and then immediately catch the opponent off guard with a well placed and timed punch.",
"A fight with a skilled counter-puncher can turn into a war of attrition, where each shot landed is a battle in itself.",
"Thus, fighting against counter punchers requires constant feinting and the ability to avoid telegraphing ones attacks.",
"To be truly successful using this style they must have good reflexes, a high level of prediction and awareness, pinpoint accuracy and speed, both in striking and in footwork.",
"Notable counter punchers include Vitali Klitschko, Floyd Mayweather, Jr., Evander Holyfield, Max Schmeling, Chris Byrd, Jim Corbett, Jack Johnson, Bernard Hopkins, Laszlo Papp, Jerry Quarry, Anselmo Moreno, James Toney, Marvin Hagler, Juan Manuel Márquez, Humberto Soto, Roger Mayweather, Pernell Whitaker and Sergio Gabriel Martinez.",
"Counter punchers usually wear their opponents down by causing them to miss their punches.",
"The more the opponent misses, the faster they'll tire, and the psychological effects of being unable to land a hit will start to sink in.",
"The counter puncher often tries to outplay their opponent entirely, not just in a physical sense, but also in a mental and emotional sense.",
"This style can be incredibly difficult, especially against seasoned fighters, but winning a fight without getting hit is often worth the pay-off.",
"They usually try to stay away from the center of the ring, in order to outmaneuver and chip away at their opponents.",
"A large advantage in counter-hitting is the forward momentum of the attacker, which drives them further into your return strike.",
"As such, knockouts are more common than one would expect from a defensive style."
] | [
0
] |
Sources of inspiration | What is the English translation of the Norwegian verb "skrik"? | The Scream | true | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"The original German title given to the work by Munch is \"Der Schrei der Natur\" (\"The Scream of Nature\").",
"The Norwegian word \"skrik\" usually is translated as \"scream\", but is cognate with the English \"shriek\".",
"Occasionally, the painting also has been called \"The Cry\".",
"In his diary in an entry headed, \"Nice 22 January 1892\", Munch described his inspiration for the image:This memory was later rendered by Munch as a poem, which he hand-painted onto the frame of the 1895 pastel version of the work:Among theories advanced to account for the reddish sky in the background is the artist's memory of the effects of the powerful volcanic eruption of Krakatoa, which deeply tinted sunset skies red in parts of the Western hemisphere for months during 1883 and 1884, about a decade before Munch painted \"The Scream\".",
"This explanation has been disputed by scholars, who note that Munch was an expressive painter and was not primarily interested in literal renderings of what he had seen.",
"Alternatively, it has been suggested that the proximity of both a slaughterhouse and a lunatic asylum to the site depicted in the painting may have offered some inspiration.",
"The scene was identified as being the view from a road overlooking Oslo, the Oslofjord and Hovedøya, from the hill of Ekeberg.",
"At the time of painting the work, Munch's manic depressive sister Laura Catherine was a patient at the asylum at the foot of Ekeberg.",
"In 1978, the Munch scholar Robert Rosenblum suggested that the strange, sexless creature in the foreground of the painting was inspired by a Peruvian mummy, which Munch could have seen at the 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris.",
"This mummy, which was buried in a fetal position with its hands alongside its face, also struck the imagination of Munch's friend Paul Gauguin: it stood as a model for the central figure in his painting, \"Human misery (Grape harvest at Arles)\" and for the old woman at the left in his painting, \"Where Do We Come From?",
"What Are We?",
"Where Are We Going?\".",
"More recently, an Italian anthropologist speculated that Munch might have seen a mummy in Florence's Museum of Natural History, which bears an even more striking resemblance to the painting.",
"The imagery of \"The Scream\" has been compared to that which an individual suffering from depersonalization disorder experiences, a feeling of distortion of the environment and one's self, and also facial pain."
] | [
0
] |
Aquarium hobby | How do plants use CO2? | Yeast | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
7
] | [
"Yeast is often used by aquarium hobbyists to generate carbon dioxide (CO2) to nourish plants in planted aquaria.",
"A homemade setup is widely used as a cheap and simple alternative to pressurized CO2 systems.",
"While not as effective as these, the homemade setup is considerably cheaper for less-demanding hobbyists.",
"Several recipes for homemade CO2 are available, but they are variations of the basic recipe: Baker's yeast, with sugar, baking soda, and water, are added to a plastic bottle.",
"A few drops of vegetable oil at the start reduces surface tension and speeds the release of CO2.",
"This will produce CO2 for about two or three weeks; the use of a bubble counter determines production.",
"The CO2 is injected in the aquarium through a narrow hose and released through a diffuser that helps dissolve the gas in the water.",
"The CO2 is used by plants in the photosynthesis process."
] | [
5
] |
Diffuse nebulae | What does the term HII refer to? | Nebula | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"Most nebulae can be described as diffuse nebulae, which means that they are extended and contain no well-defined boundaries.",
"In visible light these nebulae may be divided into emission and reflection nebulae.",
"Emission nebulae emit spectral line radiation from ionized gas (mostly ionized hydrogen); they are often called HII regions (the term \"HII\" is used in professional astronomy to refer to ionized hydrogen).",
"Reflection nebulae themselves do not emit significant amounts of visible light, but are near stars and reflect light from them.",
"Similar nebulae not illuminated by stars do not exhibit visible radiation, but may be detected as opaque clouds blocking light from luminous objects behind them; they are called \"dark nebulae\".",
"Although these nebulae have different visibility at optical wavelengths, they are all bright sources of infrared emission, chiefly from dust within the nebulae."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What is something that gives a free throw to the opposing team? | Basketball | true | 4SPORT
| [
10
] | [
"Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court.",
"The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high mounted to a backboard at each end.",
"Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.",
"A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play.",
"A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the three-point line, and three points (known commonly as a \"3 pointer\" or \"three\") if the player is behind the three-point line.",
"The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a draw.",
"The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running or throwing it to a team mate.",
"It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.",
"Violations are called \"fouls\".",
"A personal foul is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball.",
"A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach.",
"A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the opposing team also retains possession of the ball.",
"As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball has specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning).",
"Typically, the tallest members of a team will play \"center\", \"power forward\" or \"small forward\" positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play \"point guard\" or \"shooting guard\"."
] | [
0
] |
Development | What year did chicken pho appear? | Pho | false | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"In the late 1920s, various vendors experimented with (a seasoning made of ground cinnamon, star anise, , and clove), sesame oil, tofu, and even \"Lethocerus indicus\" extract (\"\").",
"This \"\" failed to enter the mainstream.",
"\"\", served with beef cooked rare, had been introduced by 1930.",
"Chicken pho appeared in 1939, possibly because beef was not sold at the markets on Mondays and Fridays at the time.",
"With the Partition of Vietnam in 1954, over a million people fled North Vietnam for the South.",
"Pho, previously unpopular in the South, suddenly took off.",
"No longer confined to northern culinary traditions, variations in meat and broth appeared, and additional garnishes, such as lime, bean sprouts, culantro ('), cinnamon basil ('), and Hoisin sauce ('), became standard fare. '",
"also began to rival fully cooked \"\" in popularity.",
"Meanwhile, in North Vietnam, private pho restaurants were nationalized (\"\") and began serving pho noodles made from old rice, while street vendors were expected to use noodles made of imported potato flour.",
"During the so-called \"\" after the War, state-owned pho eateries served a meatless variety of the dish known as \"pilotless pho\" ('), in reference to the U.S. military's .",
"The broth consisted of boiled water with MSG added for taste, as there were often shortages on various foodstuffs like meat and rice during that period.",
"Bread or cold rice was often served as a side dish, leading to the present-day practice of dipping ' in pho."
] | [
0
] |
Prizes | What position does a team have to take to win each leg of this race? | The Amazing Race 21 | true | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"The prize for each leg is awarded to the first place team for that leg.",
"Trips are sponsored by Travelocity.",
" Leg 1 – The \"Double Your Money\" prize – if the team that wins the first leg of the race also wins the final leg, the prize for winning the race will be doubled from its standard amount to .",
" Leg 2 – The \"Express Pass\" – an item that can be used on the race to skip any one task of the team's choosing.",
" Leg 3 – A trip for two to Fiji",
" Leg 4 – A trip for two to Antigua",
" Leg 5 – A trip for two to Malaysia",
" Leg 6 – A trip for two to Australia",
" Leg 7 – A trip for two to Maui, Hawaii",
" Leg 8 – A trip for two to Costa Rica",
" Leg 9 – each",
" Leg 10 – A trip for two to the Riviera Maya",
" Leg 11 – A 2013 Ford Escape for each racer",
" Leg 12 – "
] | [
0
] |
Cast and characters | Who portrayed Julian Tatham in How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life)? | How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life) | false | 1TV
| [
4
] | [
" Sarah Chalke as Polly, the single and divorced mother.",
" Elizabeth Perkins as Elaine Green, Polly's mother and Natalie's grandmother.",
" Rachel Eggleston as Natalie Tatham, Polly's daughter and Elaine's granddaughter.",
" Brad Garrett as Max Green, Elaine's husband and Polly's step-father.",
" Jon Dore as Julian Tatham, Polly's ex-husband.",
" Stephanie Hunt as Jenn, Polly's co-worker and friend."
] | [
5,
3
] |
Writing | Who did the Fight Club director invite to revise the script? | Fight Club | true | 6MOVIES
| [
7
] | [
"Screenwriter Jim Uhls started working on an early draft of the adapted screenplay, which excluded a voice-over because the industry perceived at the time that the technique was \"hackneyed and trite\".",
"When Fincher joined the film, he thought that the film should have a voice-over, believing that the film's humor came from the narrator's voice.",
"The director described the film without a voice-over as seemingly \"sad and pathetic\".",
"Fincher and Uhls revised the script for six to seven months and by 1997 had a third draft that reordered the story and left out several major elements.",
"When Pitt was cast, he was concerned that his character, Tyler Durden, was too one-dimensional.",
"Fincher sought the advice of writer-director Cameron Crowe, who suggested giving the character more ambiguity.",
"Fincher also hired screenwriter Andrew Kevin Walker for assistance.",
"The director invited Pitt and Norton to help revise the script, and the group drafted five revisions in the course of a year.",
"Chuck Palahniuk praised the faithful film adaptation of his novel and applauded how the film's plot was more streamlined than the book's.",
"Palahniuk recalled how the writers debated if film audiences would believe the plot twist from the novel.",
"Fincher supported including the twist, arguing, \"If they accept everything up to this point, they'll accept the plot twist.",
"If they're still in the theater, they'll stay with it.\"",
"Palahniuk's novel also contained homoerotic overtones, which the director included in the film to make audiences uncomfortable and accentuate the surprise of the film's twists.",
"The bathroom scene where Tyler Durden bathes next to the narrator is an example of the overtones; the line, \"I'm wondering if another woman is really the answer we need,\" was meant to suggest personal responsibility rather than homosexuality.",
"Another example is the scene at the beginning of the film in which Tyler Durden puts a gun barrel down the narrator's mouth.",
"The narrator finds redemption at the end of the film by rejecting Tyler Durden's dialectic, a path that diverged from the novel's ending in which the narrator is placed in a mental institution.",
"Norton drew parallels between redemption in the film and redemption in \"The Graduate\", indicating that the protagonists of both films find a middle ground between two divisions of self.",
"Fincher considered the novel too infatuated with Tyler Durden and changed the ending to move away from him: \"I wanted people to love Tyler, but I also wanted them to be OK with his vanquishing.\""
] | [
3
] |
Notation | What base is most commonly modified in RNA? | Nucleic acid sequence | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
20
] | [
"While A, T, C, and G represent a particular nucleotide at a position, there are also letters that represent ambiguity which are used when more than one kind of nucleotide could occur at that position.",
"The rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) are as follows:",
"A = adenine",
"C = cytosine",
"G = guanine",
"T = thymine",
"R = G A (purine)",
"Y = T C (pyrimidine)",
"K = G T (keto)",
"M = A C (amino)",
"S = G C (strong bonds)",
"W = A T (weak bonds)",
"B = G T C (all but A)",
"D = G A T (all but C)",
"H = A C T (all but G)",
"V = G C A (all but T)",
"N = A G C T (any)",
"These symbols are also valid for RNA, except with U (uracil) replacing T (thymine).",
"Apart from adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) and uracil (U), DNA and RNA also contain bases that have been modified after the nucleic acid chain has been formed.",
"In DNA, the most common modified base is 5-methylcytidine (m5C).",
"In RNA, there are many modified bases, including pseudouridine (Ψ), dihydrouridine (D), inosine (I), ribothymidine (rT) and 7-methylguanosine (m7G).",
"Hypoxanthine and xanthine are two of the many bases created through mutagen presence, both of them through deamination (replacement of the amine-group with a carbonyl-group).",
"Hypoxanthine is produced from adenine, xanthine from guanine.",
"Similarly, deamination of cytosine results in uracil."
] | [
0
] |
Specialties | What are known as the Royal Colleges? | Medicine | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0,
1,
2
] | [
"In the broadest meaning of \"medicine\", there are many different specialties.",
"In the UK, most specialities have their own body or college, which have its own entrance examination.",
"These are collectively known as the Royal Colleges, although not all currently use the term \"Royal\".",
"The development of a speciality is often driven by new technology (such as the development of effective anaesthetics) or ways of working (such as emergency departments); the new specialty leads to the formation a unifying body of doctors and the prestige of administering their own examination.",
"Within medical circles, specialities usually fit into one of two broad categories: \"Medicine\" and \"Surgery.\"",
"\"Medicine\" refers to the practice of non-operative medicine, and most of its subspecialties require preliminary training in Internal Medicine.",
"In the UK, this was traditionally evidenced by passing the examination for the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) or the equivalent college in Scotland or Ireland.",
"\"Surgery\" refers to the practice of operative medicine, and most subspecialties in this area require preliminary training in General Surgery, which in the UK leads to membership of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (MRCS).",
"At present, some specialties of medicine do not fit easily into either of these categories, such as radiology, pathology, or anesthesia.",
"Most of these have branched from one or other of the two camps above; for example anaesthesia developed first as a faculty of the Royal College of Surgeons (for which MRCS/FRCS would have been required) before becoming the Royal College of Anaesthetists and membership of the college is attained by sitting the examination of the Fellowship of the Royal College of Anesthetists (FRCA)."
] | [
0
] |
Casting | Who did Caroline Lagerfelt portray? | Gossip Girl | false | 1TV
| [
16
] | [
"Featuring nine regular speaking roles, the majority of the ensemble cast was assembled from February to April 2007.",
"Leighton Meester and Blake Lively - who started auditioning in December 2006 - were the first two actresses to be chosen in February for the lead roles of Blair Waldorf and Serena van der Woodsen, respectively.",
"Penn Badgley, who had previously worked with Stephanie Savage on \"The Mountain\", Taylor Momsen, Chace Crawford, Kelly Rutherford and Connor Paolo also auditioned successfully and landed roles in the series in March, as did Florencia Lozano who appeared only in the pilot, and was replaced by Margaret Colin.",
"Badgley had initially turned down the part of Dan.",
"Actors for the roles of Chuck Bass and Rufus Humphrey were found in April when English actor Ed Westwick, and Matthew Settle were cast.",
"Westwick first read for the role of Nate but was then asked to try Chuck.",
"As rumors swirled about the impending cancellation of \"Veronica Mars\", it was revealed at The CW's 2007 Upfronts on May 17, 2007 that Kristen Bell had narrated the pilot, thus making her the title character of another show on the network.",
"Jessica Szohr was signed on to portray the recurring role of Vanessa Abrams and received regular status during the fourteenth episode of the first season.",
"Kaylee DeFer joined the series in the eighteenth episode of the fourth season and was promoted to series regular for the show's fifth season.",
"At the conclusion of the fourth season, Momsen, who went on an indefinite hiatus during the season while retaining regular billing, and Jessica Szhor both left the show.",
"Throughout the series' run, Connor Paolo consistently declined to elevate his recurring role of Eric van der Woodsen to regular status, citing personal reasons for his decision.",
"After becoming a regular on the ABC series \"Revenge\", Paolo confirmed his departure from \"Gossip Girl\" in August 2011.",
"As the show progressed, numerous recurring guest stars appeared in the show.",
"Michelle Trachtenberg signed on to portray Georgina Sparks.",
"The role had previously been offered to Mischa Barton who passed.",
"Francie Swift and Sam Robards took the parental roles of Anne and Howard Archibald, respectively.",
"Caroline Lagerfelt portrayed Celia \"CeCe\" Rhodes, Serena and Eric's grandmother and Lily's mother.",
"Sebastian Stan made several appearances as Carter Baizen throughout the show's first three seasons."
] | [
3
] |
Regional varieties | Which prefecture of Japan did Hoto originate from? | Udon | true | 9FOOD
| [
5
] | [
"There are wide variations in both thickness and shape for udon noodles.",
" Inaniwa udon (稲庭うどん): a thin type from Akita Prefecture.",
" Mimi udon (耳うどん, literally \"ear udon\"): a lucky preserved food in Kuzu, Tochigi.",
"It looks similar to ears.",
" Himokawa (ひもかわ): an extreme flat and wide type from Kiryū, Gunma.",
" Hōtō (rarely 餺飥, commonly ほうとう): a flat and wide type, usually cooked with vegetables, particularly Japanese \"kabocha\" squash, from Yamanashi Prefecture.",
" Kishimen (棊子麺, or more commonly きし麺): a flat type from the Nagoya.",
" Ise udon (伊勢うどん): a soft type, usually eaten with sweet soy sauce, from Ise, Mie.",
" In Kansai region, a soft and medium thickness type is popular.",
" Sanuki udon (讃岐うどん): a thick and rather stiff type from Kagawa Prefecture.",
" Hakata udon (博多うどん): a thick and soft type from the Fukuoka.",
" Dango-jiru (団子汁): similar to the above \"Hohtoh\", from Ōita Prefecture.",
"Nominally a \"dumpling soup\", it resembles very thick, flat udon.",
" Okinawa soba (沖縄そば): also called \"suba\", a regional Okinawan noodle made by adding some vegetal ash to the flour, similar to how ramen is made.",
"However, it is very similar to udon.",
" There is also a dish called \"udon\" in Palau, because of the former Japanese administration.",
"The broth is soy sauce–based like Japanese udon.",
"However, as there were many immigrants from Okinawa, it uses less broth like Okinawa soba.",
"Most notably, the noodle is that of spaghetti, as it is easier to acquire there."
] | [] |
Aquarium hobby | What is year used to generate by aquarium hobbyists? | Yeast | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Yeast is often used by aquarium hobbyists to generate carbon dioxide (CO2) to nourish plants in planted aquaria.",
"A homemade setup is widely used as a cheap and simple alternative to pressurized CO2 systems.",
"While not as effective as these, the homemade setup is considerably cheaper for less-demanding hobbyists.",
"Several recipes for homemade CO2 are available, but they are variations of the basic recipe: Baker's yeast, with sugar, baking soda, and water, are added to a plastic bottle.",
"A few drops of vegetable oil at the start reduces surface tension and speeds the release of CO2.",
"This will produce CO2 for about two or three weeks; the use of a bubble counter determines production.",
"The CO2 is injected in the aquarium through a narrow hose and released through a diffuser that helps dissolve the gas in the water.",
"The CO2 is used by plants in the photosynthesis process."
] | [
0
] |
Saccharides | What property of polysaccharides decreases their solubility in water? | Biomolecule | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
13
] | [
"Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates with only one simple sugar.",
"They essentially contain an aldehyde or ketone group in their structure.",
"The presence of an aldehyde group in a monosaccharide is indicated by the prefix \"aldo-\".",
"Similarly, a ketone group is denoted by the prefix \"keto-\".",
"Examples of monosaccharides are the hexoses glucose, fructose, and galactose and pentoses, ribose, and deoxyribose Consumed fructose and glucose have different rates of gastric emptying, are differentially absorbed and have different metabolic fates, providing multiple opportunities for 2 different saccharides to differentially affect food intake.",
"Most saccharides eventually provide fuel for cellular respiration.",
"Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides, or two single simple sugars, form a bond with removal of water.",
"They can be hydrolyzed to yield their saccharin building blocks by boiling with dilute acid or reacting them with appropriate enzymes.",
"Examples of disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, and lactose.",
"Polysaccharides are polymerized monosaccharides, or complex carbohydrates.",
"They have multiple simple sugars.",
"Examples are starch, cellulose, and glycogen.",
"They are generally large and often have a complex branched connectivity.",
"Because of their size, polysaccharides are not water-soluble, but their many hydroxy groups become hydrated individually when exposed to water, and some polysaccharides form thick colloidal dispersions when heated in water.",
"Shorter polysaccharides, with 3 - 10 monomers, are called oligosaccharides.",
"A fluorescent indicator-displacement molecular imprinting sensor was developed for discriminating saccharides.",
"It successfully discriminated three brands of orange juice beverage.",
"The change in fluorescence intensity of the sensing films resulting is directly related to the saccharide concentration."
] | [
0
] |
Bacterial viruses | What is the function of the enzymes called "restriction endonucleases"? | Virus | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
"Bacteriophages are a common and diverse group of viruses and are the most abundant form of biological entity in aquatic environments – there are up to ten times more of these viruses in the oceans than there are bacteria, reaching levels of 250,000,000 bacteriophages per millilitre of seawater.",
"These viruses infect specific bacteria by binding to surface receptor molecules and then entering the cell.",
"Within a short amount of time, in some cases just minutes, bacterial polymerase starts translating viral mRNA into protein.",
"These proteins go on to become either new virions within the cell, helper proteins, which help assembly of new virions, or proteins involved in cell lysis.",
"Viral enzymes aid in the breakdown of the cell membrane, and, in the case of the T4 phage, in just over twenty minutes after injection over three hundred phages could be released.",
"The major way bacteria defend themselves from bacteriophages is by producing enzymes that destroy foreign DNA.",
"These enzymes, called restriction endonucleases, cut up the viral DNA that bacteriophages inject into bacterial cells.",
"Bacteria also contain a system that uses CRISPR sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of viruses that the bacteria have come into contact with in the past, which allows them to block the virus's replication through a form of RNA interference.",
"This genetic system provides bacteria with acquired immunity to infection."
] | [
0
] |
Aviation accidents | Was the May 7, 1928 plane crash on Stone Mountain caused by alcohol? | Stone Mountain | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
0,
2
] | [
"According to George Weiblen's annotated calendar for Monday, May 7, 1928: \"Mail plane crashed on mountain at 8:00 P.M.\"Around dusk on September 16, 2003, in clear weather, a small airplane circled the mountain five times, then crashed headlong into the south side, burst into flames and killed the pilot.",
"A witness testifying at the NTSB investigation stated that the pilot, a 69-year-old accountant, had threatened on multiple occasions to commit suicide by flying into the mountain.",
"The official NTSB accident report lists the probable cause as \"The pilot's intentional flight into the ground for the purpose of suicide while impaired by alcohol.\""
] | [] |
Mercury | Mercury has a large iron what? | Solar System | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
" Mercury (0.4 AU from the Sun) is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest planet in the Solar System (0.055 Earth masses).",
"Mercury has no natural satellites, and its only known geological features besides impact craters are lobed ridges or rupes, probably produced by a period of contraction early in its history.",
"Mercury's almost negligible atmosphere consists of atoms blasted off its surface by the solar wind.",
"Its relatively large iron core and thin mantle have not yet been adequately explained.",
"Hypotheses include that its outer layers were stripped off by a giant impact; or, that it was prevented from fully accreting by the young Sun's energy."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What was the year of death for Jochem de Neve? | Syndics of the Drapers' Guild | true | 3ART
| [
16
] | [
"The Sampling Officials (), also called \"Syndics of the Drapers' Guild\", is a 1662 oil painting by Rembrandt.",
"It is currently owned by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.",
"It has been described as his \"last great collective portrait\".",
"The painting appears on the packaging of Dutch Masters cigars.",
"The men (with the exception of Bel who is an attendant as indicated by his calotte) are drapers who were elected to assess the quality of cloth that weavers offered for sale to members of their guild.",
"Their one-year terms in office began on Good Friday and they were expected to conduct their inspections thrice weekly.",
"The name \"staalmeester\" refers to the steel pliers the inspectors used to press the seals of their city (front) and guild (reverse) into penny-sized slugs of lead that were specially affixed to record the results of the inspection.",
"There were four grades of quality, the highest was indicated by pressing four seals and the lowest by pressing only one.",
"The men, who are appraising a length of Persian-style fabric against exemplars from a swatch book, are (from left to right):",
"Jacob van Loon (1595–1674)",
"Volckert Jansz (1605 or 1610–1681)",
"Willem van Doeyenburg (ca.",
"1616–1687)",
"Frans Hendricksz Bel (1629–1701)",
"Aernout van der Mye (ca.",
"1625–1681)",
"Jochem de Neve (1629–1681)",
"The guild commissioned this portrait and it hung in their guild hall, the :nl:Staalhof (Amsterdam), until 1771."
] | [
0
] |
Reception and contest | On what date did the announcement of "Starships" take place? | Starships (song) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"MTV's John Mitchell criticized the video's postponed release, finding it strange that the video for the album's third single, \"Beez in the Trap\", was released before that of \"Starships\".",
"On May 28, 2012, a \"Starships\" video campaign was announced on Minaj's official website.",
"It asked fans to record a video of themselves performing \"Starships\" by singing, dancing or with a musical instrument.",
"Minaj will then select 5 winners.",
"The contest winners won tickets and passes to meet Minaj on her Pink Friday Tour.",
"The song won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video in September 2012."
] | [
0
] |
Properties | How is stem cell function regulated? | Stem cell | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"The classical definition of a stem cell requires that it possess two properties:",
"\"Self-renewal\": the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state.",
"\"Potency\": the capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types.",
"In the strictest sense, this requires stem cells to be either totipotent or pluripotent—to be able to give rise to any mature cell type, although multipotent or unipotent progenitor cells are sometimes referred to as stem cells.",
"Apart from this it is said that stem cell function is regulated in a feed back mechanism."
] | [
5
] |
Composition and cooking method | What is the name of the spice mixture used in Rendang? | Rendang | false | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"The cooking technique flourished because of its role in preserving meat in a tropical climate.",
"Rendang is rich in spices.",
"Along with the main meat ingredient, rendang uses coconut milk (Minangkabau: \"karambia\") and a paste of mixed ground spices, which includes ginger, galangal, turmeric leaves, lemon grass, garlic, shallot, chillies and other spices.",
"This spice mixture is called \"pemasak\" in Minangkabau.",
"The spices, garlic, shallot, ginger and galangal used in rendang have antimicrobial properties and serve as natural organic preservatives.",
"If cooked properly, dry rendang can last for as long as four weeks.",
"Traditional Padang rendang takes hours to cook.",
"Cooking rendang involves pounding and grinding ingredients as well as slow cooking, and so is time-consuming and requires patience.",
"The meat pieces are slowly cooked in coconut milk and spices until almost all the liquid is gone, allowing the meat to absorb the condiments.",
"The cooking process changes from boiling to frying as the liquid evaporates.",
"The slow cooking process allows the meat to absorb all the spices and to become tender.",
"To cook the meat until tender, with almost all liquids evaporated, requires great care, if the meat is not to burn or be spoiled.",
"Because of its generous use of numerous spices, rendang is known for having a complex and unique taste.",
"Rendang is often served with steamed rice, \"ketupat\" (a compressed rice cake), or \"lemang\" (glutinous rice barbecued in bamboo tubes), accompanied with vegetable side dishes such as boiled cassava leaf, \"cubadak\" (young jackfruit gulai), cabbage gulai, and \"lado\" (red or green chilli pepper sambal)."
] | [
0
] |
Food spoilage | What is the major spoilage yeast of wine? | Yeast | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
7
] | [
"Yeasts are able to grow in foods with a low pH (5.0 or lower) and in the presence of sugars, organic acids, and other easily metabolized carbon sources.",
"During their growth, yeasts metabolize some food components and produce metabolic end products.",
"This causes the physical, chemical, and sensible properties of a food to change, and the food is spoiled.",
"The growth of yeast within food products is often seen on their surfaces, as in cheeses or meats, or by the fermentation of sugars in beverages, such as juices, and semiliquid products, such as syrups and jams.",
"The yeast of the \"Zygosaccharomyces\" genus have had a long history as spoilage yeasts within the food industry.",
"This is mainly because these species can grow in the presence of high sucrose,ethanol, acetic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and sulphur dioxide concentrations, representing some of the commonly used food preservation methods.",
"Methylene blue is used to test for the presence of live yeast cells.",
"In oenology, the major spoilage yeast is \"Dekkera bruxellensis \"."
] | [
0
] |
Medical concerns | In which country was it illegal to engage in the sport of boxing until 2007? | Boxing | true | 4SPORT
| [
15
] | [
"Knocking a person unconscious or even causing concussion may cause permanent brain damage.",
"There is no clear division between the force required to knock a person out and the force likely to kill a person.",
"Since 1980, more than 200 amateur boxers, professional boxers and Toughman fighters have died due to ring or training injuries.",
"In 1983, the \"Journal of the American Medical Association\" called for a ban on boxing.",
"The editor, Dr. George Lundberg, called boxing an \"obscenity\" that \"should not be sanctioned by any civilized society.\"",
"Since then, the British, Canadian and Australian Medical Associations also have called for bans on boxing.",
"Supporters of the ban state that boxing is the only sport where hurting the other athlete is the goal.",
"Dr. Bill O'Neill, boxing spokesman for the British Medical Association, has supported the BMA's proposed ban on boxing: \"It is the only sport where the intention is to inflict serious injury on your opponent, and we feel that we must have a total ban on boxing.\"",
"Opponents respond that such a position is misguided opinion, stating that amateur boxing is scored solely according to total connecting blows with no award for \"injury\".",
"They observe that many skilled professional boxers have had rewarding careers without inflicting injury on opponents by accumulating scoring blows and avoiding punches winning rounds scored 10-9 by the 10-point must system, and they note that there are many other sports where concussions are much more prevalent.",
"In 2007, one study of amateur boxers showed that protective headgear did not prevent brain damage, and another found that amateur boxers faced a high risk of brain damage.",
"The Gothenburg study analyzed temporary levels of neurofiliment light in cerebral spinal fluid which they conclude is evidence of damage, even though the levels soon subside.",
"More comprehensive studies of neurologiocal function on larger samples performed by Johns Hopkins University and accident rates analyzed by National Safety Council show amateur boxing is a comparatively safe sport.",
"In 1997, the American Association of Professional Ringside Physicians was established to create medical protocols through research and education to prevent injuries in boxing.",
"Professional boxing is forbidden in Norway, Iceland, Iran and North Korea.",
"It was banned in Sweden until 2007 when the ban was lifted but strict restrictions, including four three-minute rounds for fights, were imposed.",
"It was banned in Albania from 1965 till the fall of Communism in 1991; it is now legal."
] | [] |
Licensing with other brands and companies | When was Papa John's exclusivity announced by Six Flags? | Six Flags | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
9
] | [
"Six Flags has licensed its name and its theme park creations to other companies, who have used these assets to create licensed products.",
"One such example is the theme park simulation game Roller Coaster Tycoon 2, which featured recreations of Six Flags parks and rides that could be expanded and operated at the player's discretion.",
"Six Flags has also partnered with Brash Entertainment to create a video game called Six Flags Fun Park.",
"It allows the player to explore the themed areas and mini-games representative of a visit to a Six Flags park.",
"In the game, players are tasked with quests that encourage them to explore the park's universe.",
"After creating a unique custom character, Six Flags Fun Park patrons can win prizes, and compete with other players in 40 mini-games.",
"Although the video game is called \"Six Flags Fun Park\", it lacks any major reference of Six Flags.",
"This caused some to speculate that the video game was created then the rights to the name of the game were sold as a way to pay for the game's development.",
"In recent years, Six Flags has created strategic partnerships with other companies who would feature their products inside the parks.",
"On March 30, 2006, Six Flags announced that it will sell no other pizza besides Papa John's at its parks.",
"In turn, Six Flags will receive an annual sponsorship and promotional opportunities from Papa John's, though financial details of the deal have not been disclosed.",
"However, in the 2011 season, it was replaced by another pizza brand.",
"Other recent partners have included Cold Stone Creamery, Johnny Rockets, Tyson Foods (chicken), Chrysler, and Nintendo, which added testing stations in several parks to show off its Wii console.",
"In late 2010, Six Flags began the process of removing licensed theming from attractions.",
"They terminated licenses with Thomas the Tank Engine, The Wiggles, Tony Hawk, Evel Knievel, and Terminator."
] | [
2
] |
Risks | Who died luging in 2010? | Luge | true | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"As with many extreme sports, luging has risks.",
"Though most injuries involve bumps, bruises, broken bones and concussions, fatalities do occasionally occur.",
"Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili suffered a fatal crash during his final practice run for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada.",
"Hours later, the International Luge Federation concluded that the accident was caused by a steering error and not a track error; nevertheless, changes to the track were made before the re-opening.",
"Kumaritashvili was the fourth athlete to die while in preparation for a Winter Olympics competition, following speed skier Nicolas Bochatay, 27, who died while preparing for the Albertville 1992 games, British luger Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski and skier Ross Milne, 19, who both died in the run-up to the Innsbruck 1964 games."
] | [
3
] |
Current rankings | What film beat out "The Godfather" in "Time Out"'s 2003 reader's poll? | The Godfather | false | 6MOVIES
| [
6
] | [
" The film is ranked at the top of Metacritic's top 100 list, and is ranked 5th on Rotten Tomatoes' all time best list (100% \"Certified Fresh\").",
" In 2002, \"The Godfather\" and \"The Godfather Part II\" reached No.",
"2 on Film4's list of \"The 100 Greatest Films of All Time\".",
" \"Entertainment Weekly\" named \"The Godfather\" the greatest film ever made.",
" \"The Godfather\" was voted in at No.",
"1 on \"Empire\" magazine's list of \"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\" in November 2008.",
" In \"Time Out\"'s 2003 readers' poll, \"The Godfather\" was ranked the second best film of all time, after \"Some Like It Hot\".",
" Currently 2nd on IMDB's top 250 movies list, with its sequel occupying the 3rd position."
] | [
0
] |
Etchings | What year did Rembrandt start etching? | Rembrandt | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Rembrandt produced etchings for most of his career, from 1626 to 1660, when he was forced to sell his printing-press and virtually abandoned etching.",
"Only the troubled year of 1649 produced no dated work.",
"He took easily to etching and, though he also learned to use a burin and partly engraved many plates, the freedom of etching technique was fundamental to his work.",
"He was very closely involved in the whole process of printmaking, and must have printed at least early examples of his etchings himself.",
"At first he used a style based on drawing, but soon moved to one based on painting, using a mass of lines and numerous bitings with the acid to achieve different strengths of line.",
"Towards the end of the 1630s, he reacted against this manner and moved to a simpler style, with fewer bitings.",
"He worked on the so-called \"Hundred Guilder Print\" in stages throughout the 1640s, and it was the \"critical work in the middle of his career\", from which his final etching style began to emerge.",
"Although the print only survives in two states, the first very rare, evidence of much reworking can be seen underneath the final print and many drawings survive for elements of it.",
"In the mature works of the 1650s, Rembrandt was more ready to improvise on the plate and large prints typically survive in several states, up to eleven, often radically changed.",
"He now uses hatching to create his dark areas, which often take up much of the plate.",
"He also experimented with the effects of printing on different kinds of paper, including Japanese paper, which he used frequently, and on vellum.",
"He began to use \"surface tone,\" leaving a thin film of ink on parts of the plate instead of wiping it completely clean to print each impression.",
"He made more use of drypoint, exploiting, especially in landscapes, the rich fuzzy burr that this technique gives to the first few impressions.",
"His prints have similar subjects to his paintings, although the twenty-seven self-portraits are relatively more common, and portraits of other people less so.",
"There are forty-six landscapes, mostly small, which largely set the course for the graphic treatment of landscape until the end of the 19th century.",
"One third of his etchings are of religious subjects, many treated with a homely simplicity, whilst others are his most monumental prints.",
"A few erotic, or just obscene, compositions have no equivalent in his paintings.",
"He owned, until forced to sell it, a magnificent collection of prints by other artists, and many borrowings and influences in his work can be traced to artists as diverse as Mantegna, Raphael, Hercules Segers, and Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione."
] | [
0
] |
Cytotoxics and targeted therapies | What is the amount of proteins that targeted therapeutics initially conceived? | Chemotherapy | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
8
] | [
"Targeted therapies are a relatively new class of cancer drugs that can overcome many of the issues seen with the use of cytotoxics.",
"They are divided into two groups: small molecule and antibodies.",
"The massive toxicity seen with the use of cytotoxics is due to the lack of cell specificity of the drugs.",
"They will kill any rapidly dividing cell, tumor or normal.",
"Targeted therapies are designed to affect cellular proteins or processes that are utilised by the cancer cells.",
"This allows a high dose to cancer tissues with a relatively low dose to other tissues.",
"As different proteins are utilised by different cancer types, the targeted therapy drugs are used on a cancer type specific, or even on a patient specific basis.",
"Although the side effects are often less severe than that seen of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, life-threatening effects can occur.",
"Initially, the targeted therapeutics were supposed to be solely selective for one protein.",
"Now it is clear that there is often a range of protein targets that the drug can bind.",
"An example target for targeted therapy is the protein produced by the Philadelphia chromosome, a genetic lesion found commonly in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.",
"This fusion protein has enzyme activity that can be inhibited by imatinib, a small molecule drug."
] | [
0
] |
Foreign relations | Why was a hostile Islamist response developed internally? | Saudi Arabia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"Saudi Arabia joined the UN in 1945 and is a founding member of the Arab League, Gulf Cooperation Council, Muslim World League, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation).",
"It plays a prominent role in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and in 2005 joined the World Trade Organization.",
"Saudi Arabia supports the intended formation of the Arab Customs Union in 2015 and an Arab common market by 2020, as announced at the 2009 Arab League summit.",
"As a founding member of OPEC, its oil pricing policy has been generally to stabilize the world oil market and try to moderate sharp price movements so as to not jeopardise the Western economies.",
"Between the mid-1970s and 2002 Saudi Arabia expended over $70 billion in \"overseas development aid\".",
"However, there is evidence that the vast majority was, in fact, spent on propagating and extending the influence of Wahhabism at the expense of other forms of Islam.",
"There has been an intense debate over whether Saudi aid and Wahhabism has fomented extremism in recipient countries.",
"The two main allegations are that, by its nature, Wahhabism encourages intolerance and promotes terrorism.",
"Former CIA director James Woolsey described it as \"the soil in which Al-Qaeda and its sister terrorist organizations are flourishing.\"",
"However, the Saudi government strenuously denies these claims or that it exports religious or cultural extremism.",
"In the Arab and Muslim worlds, Saudi Arabia is considered to be pro-Western and pro-American, and it is certainly a long-term ally of the United States.",
"However, this and Saudi Arabia's role in the 1991 Persian Gulf War, particularly the stationing of U.S. troops on Saudi soil from 1991, prompted the development of a hostile Islamist response internally.",
"As a result, Saudi Arabia has, to some extent, distanced itself from the U.S. and, for example, refused to support or to participate in the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003.",
"Relations with the United States became strained following 9/11.",
"American politicians and media accused the Saudi government of supporting terrorism and tolerating a \"jihadist\" culture.",
"Indeed, Osama bin Laden and fifteen out of the nineteen 9/11 hijackers were from Saudi Arabia.",
"According to the former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, \"Saudi Arabia remains a critical financial support base for al-Qaida, the Taliban, LeT and other terrorist groups... Donors in Saudi Arabia constitute the most significant source of funding to Sunni terrorist groups worldwide.",
"\"Saudi Arabia's increasing alarm at the rise of Iran is reflected in the reported private comments of King Abdullah urging the US to attack Iran and \"cut off the head of the snake\".",
"The tentative rapprochement between the US and Iran that began in secret in 2011 was said to be feared by the Saudis, and, during the run up to the widely welcomed deal on Iran's nuclear programme that capped the first stage of US–Iranian détente, Robert Jordan, who was U.S. ambassador to Riyadh from 2001 to 2003, said \"Saudis' worst nightmare would be the [Obama administration striking a grand bargain with Iran.\"",
"Saudi Arabia has been seen as a moderating influence in the Arab-Israeli conflict, periodically putting forward a peace plan between Israel and the Palestinians and condemning Hezbollah.",
"Following the Arab Spring Saudi Arabia offered asylum to deposed President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia and King Abdullah telephoned President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt (prior to his deposition) to offer his support."
] | [
1
] |
Dance in Egypt | Where is the home of the belly dance? | Egypt | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Today, Egypt is often considered the home of belly dance.",
"Egyptian belly dance has two main styles - raqs baladi and raqs sharqi.",
"There are also numerous folkloric and character dances that may be part of an Egyptian-style belly dancer's repertoire, as well as the modern shaabi street dance which shares some elements with raqs baladi.",
"Samia Gamal was the most famous dancer in Egypt."
] | [
4
] |
Mission controls | What facility in Toulouse, France is involved in monitoring the International Space Station? | International Space Station | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"The components of the ISS are operated and monitored by their respective space agencies at mission control centres across the globe, including:",
" Roskosmos's Mission Control Center at Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, controls the Russian Orbital Segment which handles Guidance, Navigation & Control for the entire Station., in addition to individual Soyuz and Progress missions.",
" ESA's ATV Control Centre, at the Toulouse Space Centre (CST) in Toulouse, France, controls flights of the unmanned European Automated Transfer Vehicle.",
" JAXA's JEM Control Centre and HTV Control Centre at Tsukuba Space Centre (TKSC) in Tsukuba, Japan, are responsible for operating the Japanese Experiment Module complex and all flights of the 'White Stork' HTV Cargo spacecraft, respectively.",
" NASA's Mission Control Center at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, USA, serves as the primary control facility for the United States segment of the ISS and also controlled the Space Shuttle missions that visited the station.",
" NASA's Payload Operations and Integration Center at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, coordinates payload operations in the USOS.",
" ESA's Columbus Control Centre at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, manages the European \"Columbus\" research laboratory.",
" CSA's MSS Control at Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada, controls and monitors the Mobile Servicing System, or Canadarm2."
] | [
0
] |
Restoration | How many discs does the Blu-ray Disc box set contain? | The Godfather | true | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"After a restoration of the first two films, \"The Godfather: The Coppola Restoration\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on September 23, 2008 from a transfer by Robert A. Harris of Film Preserve.",
"Coppola's first response to the new transfer, from a question-and-answer session for \"The Godfather Part III\": \"terrific.",
"\"The Blu-ray Disc box set (four discs) includes high-definition extra features on the restoration and film.",
"They are included on Disc 5 of the DVD box set (five discs).",
"Other extras are held over from Paramount's 2001 DVD release, although slight differences obtain between the repurposed extras on the DVD and Blu-ray Disc sets; the HD box has more content.",
"Paramount lists the new (HD) extra features as:",
" Godfather World",
" The Masterpiece That Almost Wasn't",
" ... when the shooting stopped",
" Emulsional Rescue Revealing The Godfather",
" \"The Godfather\" on the Red Carpet",
" Four Short Films on \"The Godfather\"",
"* The Godfather vs.",
"The Godfather, Part II",
"* Cannoli",
"* Riffing on the Riffing",
"* Clemenza"
] | [
5
] |
Critical | What did "The Usual Suspect get for it's metascore? | The Usual Suspects | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"\"The Usual Suspects\" was well received by most critics, and it has an 88% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and a 77 metascore on Metacritic.",
"While embraced by most viewers and critics, the film was the subject of harsh derision by some.",
"Roger Ebert, in a review for the \"Chicago Sun-Times,\" gave the film one and a half stars out of four, considering it confusing and uninteresting.",
"He also included the movie in his \"most hated films\" list.",
"\"USA Today\" rated the film two and a half stars out of four, calling it \"one of the most densely plotted mysteries in memory—though paradoxically, four-fifths of it is way too easy to predict.\"",
"However, \"Rolling Stone\" praised Spacey, saying his \"balls-out brilliant performance is Oscar bait all the way.\"",
"In his review for \"The Washington Post\", Hal Hinson wrote, \"Ultimately, \"The Usual Suspects\" may be too clever for its own good.",
"The twist at the end is a corker, but crucial questions remain unanswered.",
"What's interesting, though, is how little this intrudes on our enjoyment.",
"After the movie you're still trying to connect the dots and make it all fit—and these days, how often can we say that?\"",
"In her review for \"The New York Times\", Janet Maslin praised the performances of the cast: \"Mr. Singer has assembled a fine ensemble cast of actors who can parry such lines, and whose performances mesh effortlessly despite their exaggerated differences in demeanor ...",
"Without the violence or obvious bravado of \"Reservoir Dogs,\" these performers still create strong and fascinatingly ambiguous characters.\"",
"\"The Independent\" praised the film's ending: \"The film's coup de grace is as elegant as it is unexpected.",
"The whole movie plays back in your mind in perfect clarity—and turns out to be a completely different movie to the one you've been watching (rather better, in fact).\""
] | [
0
] |
Early life, 1475-88 | Who claimed to be a descendent of Countess Mathilde of Canossa? | Michelangelo | true | 3ART
| [
6
] | [
"Early life, 1475-88.",
"Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese near Arezzo, Tuscany.",
"(Today, Caprese is known as Caprese Michelangelo).",
"For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence, the bank had failed and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born.",
"At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the Judicial administrator of the small town of Caprese and local administrator of Chiusi.",
"Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena.",
"The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa; this claim remains unproven, but Michelangelo himself believed it.",
"Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where Michelangelo was raised.",
"At later times, during his mother's prolonged illness and after her death in 1481, when he was just six years old, Michelangelo lived with a stonecutter and his wife and family in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm.",
"Giorgio Vasari quotes Michelangelo: "
] | [
3
] |
New LED illumination | What allows LED displays to function and create color? | The Night Watch | true | 3ART
| [
1,
3,
4
] | [
"On 26 October 2011, the Rijksmuseum unveiled new, sustainable LED lighting for \"The Night Watch\".",
"With new technology, it is the first time LED lighting has been able to render the fine nuances of the painting's complex color palette.",
"The lighting was developed by Philips Lighting and was inaugurated by Rijksmuseum Director Wim Pijbes and Philips President and CEO Frans van Houten.",
"Rogier van der Heide, Chief Design Officer at Philips Lighting, was responsible for creating the system.",
"The new illumination uses LED lights with a color temperature of 3,200 kelvins, similar to warm-white light sources like tungsten halogen.",
"It has a color rendering index of over 90, which makes it suitable for the illumination of artifacts such as \"The Night Watch\".",
"Using the new LED lighting, the museum saves 80% on energy and offers the painting a safer environment due to the absence of UV radiation and heat."
] | [
0
] |
Series overview | How did the child die in Falling Skies? | Falling Skies | true | 1TV
| [
3,
4
] | [
"",
"\"Falling Skies\" tells the story of the aftermath of a global invasion by extraterrestrials (including mechanical attack drones called \"mechs\", a species of green-skinned six-legged beings known as \"Skitters\" that appear to control the mechs, and a third mysterious species known as the Overlords, or \"espheni\", presumably the actual engineers of the invasion and the masters of the Skitters).",
"Within a few days the invaders neutralized the world's power grid and technology, destroyed the militaries of all the world's countries, and killed over 90% of the human population.",
"The aliens' objectives are not explained, though the aliens try to round up children between the ages of 8 and 18 and attach a biomechanical obedience device onto (and into) their spines, referred to as a \"harness\".",
"The harness controls the child's mind, and forcibly removing it generally kills the child.",
"The story begins six months after the invasion and follows a group of survivors who band together to fight back.",
"The group, known as the Second Massachusetts (an allusion to a historical regiment from the Continental Army), is led by retired U.S. Army Captain Dan Weaver and Boston University history professor Tom Mason who, while in search of his son Ben, must put his extensive knowledge of military history into practice as one of the leaders of the resistance movement."
] | [
5
] |
Concept | Which producer/engineer did McCartney invite to contribute to the recording? | Let It Be | false | 0MUSIC
| [
7
] | [
"By late 1968, more than two years after the Beatles gave up touring, Paul McCartney was eager for the group to perform live again.",
"The sessions for that year's \"The Beatles\" (commonly known as the \"White Album\") had seen a number of serious arguments and strained relations among the group.",
"McCartney felt that the group's cohesiveness had been lost through years without playing live, and from using the studio not to record ensemble performances but to make increasingly complex recordings made up of parts played individually by each Beatle as overdubs rather than as a group.",
"He believed that the best way to improve band relations and revive enthusiasm was to get the group back into rehearsal as quickly as possible (the \"White Album\" sessions having only been concluded in October 1968) and begin work on a new album that made little or no use of studio artifice or multiple overdubbing.",
"This would allow the group to return to their roots by playing as a true ensemble, perhaps recording some or all of the new album during a one-off live concert or full concert tour.",
"This idea mirrored the \"back to basics\" attitude of a number of rock musicians at this time in reaction against the psychedelic and progressive music dominant in the previous two years.",
"McCartney believed that a return to live performance would reinstill the same sort of ensemble spirit and sense of unity that they had in their early years together.",
"McCartney also decided to invite producer/engineer Glyn Johns to contribute to the recording.",
"His proposed role was apparently not clearly defined, as McCartney also wished to retain the services of George Martin.",
"As a result, Johns was not entirely sure whether he was supposed to be producing (or co-producing) the album or merely engineering it, with Martin having no clear idea of where he stood either.",
"The other three Beatles were less enthusiastic about McCartney's proposals.",
"They had just completed five months' work on their previous album and were skeptical about the prospects of returning to live performance.",
"George Harrison in particular was very opposed to the idea of touring, having taken the strongest dislike out of any in the group due to the grueling tours of the Beatlemania era.",
"However he had recently enjoyed a series of jam sessions with Bob Dylan and the Band in the US, rediscovering his liking for straightforward ensemble playing, and he was attracted to the idea of the \"back to basics\" approach.",
"The same approach greatly appealed to John Lennon, who had grown increasingly wary of what he regarded as the excessive technical artifice used on their recordings since \"Revolver\" and had also made a recent return to no-frills ensemble playing in the shape of an appearance on \"The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus\".",
"In addition, all the group members had greatly enjoyed the recording of Lennon's song \"Happiness is a Warm Gun\" during the recent \"White Album\" sessions which, due to its multiple sections and myriad time signature changes, had required the Beatles to focus sharply and revive their ensemble playing skills to lay down a coherent basic rhythm track before any overdubbing could be applied.",
"In the end, the group agreed to convene for rehearsals immediately following New Year's Day 1969 to begin work, even though no suitable conclusion or even firm direction for the new project had been agreed upon."
] | [] |
Origins | When did Rodin begin working on The Thinker? | The Thinker | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Originally named \"The Poet\" (\"\"), the \"Thinker\" was initially a figure in a large commission, begun in 1880, for a doorway surround called \"The Gates of Hell\".",
"Rodin based this on \"The Divine Comedy\" of Dante, and most of the many figures in the work represented the main characters in the epic poem.",
"Some critics believe \"The Thinker\", at the centre of the composition over the doorway and at about 70 cm high larger than most other figures, was originally intended to depict Dante at the Gates of Hell, pondering his great poem.",
"However, there are questionable aspects to this interpretation, including that the figure is naked, Dante is fully clothed throughout his poem, and that the figure, as used, in no way corresponds to Dante's effete figure.",
"The sculpture is nude, as Rodin wanted a heroic figure in the tradition of Michelangelo, to represent intellect as well as poetry.",
"This detail from the \"Gates of Hell\" was first named \"The Thinker\" by foundry workers, who noted its similarity to Michelangelo's statue of Lorenzo de Medici called \"\"\"\" (The Thinker).",
"Rodin decided to treat the figure as an independent work, at a larger size.",
"The figure was designed to be seen from below, and is normally displayed on a fairly high plinth, though the heights chosen by the various owners for these vary considerably."
] | [
2
] |
Education | What portion of the GNP is represented by education? | Tunisia | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"Science and technology.",
"The adult literacy rate in 2008 was 78%.",
"Education is given a high priority and accounts for 6% of GNP.",
"A basic education for children between the ages of 6 and 16 has been compulsory since 1991.",
"Tunisia ranked 17th in the category of \"quality of the educational system\" and 21st in the category of \"quality of primary education\" in The Global Competitiveness Report 2008-9, released by The World Economic Forum.",
"While children generally acquire Tunisian Arabic at home, when they enter school at age 6, they are taught to read and write in Standard Arabic.",
"From the age of 8, they are taught French while English is introduced at the age of 12.",
"The four years of secondary education are open to all holders of Diplôme de Fin d’Etudes de l’Enseignement de Base where the students focus on entering university level or join the workforce after completion.",
"The Enseignement secondaire is divided into two stages: general academic and specialized.",
"The higher education system in Tunisia has experienced a rapid expansion and the number of students has more than tripled over the past 10 years from approximately 102,000 in 1995 to 365,000 in 2005.",
"The gross enrollment rate at the tertiary level in 2007 was 31 percent, with gender parity index of GER of 1.5."
] | [
0
] |
Project Mercury (1959–63) | Who was the first man sent to space? | NASA | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
10
] | [
"Project Mercury (1959–63).",
"Shortly after the Space Race began, an early objective was to get a person into Earth orbit as soon as possible, therefore the simplest spacecraft that could be launched by existing rockets was favored.",
"U.S. Air Force's Man in Space Soonest program looked at many manned spacecraft designs, ranging from rocket planes like the X-15, to small ballistic space capsules.",
"By 1958, the space plane concepts were eliminated in favor of the ballistic capsule.",
"When NASA was created that same year, the Air Force program was transferred to it and renamed \"Project Mercury\".",
"The first seven astronauts were selected among candidates from the Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilot programs.",
"On May 5, 1961, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard \"Freedom 7\", launched by a Redstone booster on a 15-minute ballistic (suborbital) flight.",
"John Glenn became the first American to be launched into orbit by an Atlas launch vehicle on February 20, 1962 aboard \"Friendship 7\".",
"Glenn completed three orbits, after which three more orbital flights were made, culminating in L. Gordon Cooper's 22-orbit flight \"Faith 7\", May 15–16, 1963.",
"The Soviet Union (USSR) competed with its own single-pilot spacecraft, Vostok.",
"They beat the U.S. for the first man in space, by launching cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into a single Earth orbit aboard Vostok 1 in April 1961, one month before Shepard's flight.",
"In August 1962, they achieved an almost four-day record flight with Andriyan Nikolayev aboard Vostok 3, and also conducted a concurrent Vostok 4 mission carrying Pavel Popovich."
] | [
3
] |
Role of the media | Who were the columnists tangled within the Watergate crime? | Watergate scandal | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"The connection between the break-in and the re-election committee was highlighted by media coverage — in particular, investigative coverage by \"The Washington Post\", \"Time\", and \"The New York Times\".",
"The coverage dramatically increased publicity and consequent political repercussions.",
"Relying heavily upon anonymous sources, \"Post\" reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered information suggesting that knowledge of the break-in, and attempts to cover it up, led deeply into the Justice Department, the FBI, the CIA, and the White House.",
"Chief among the \"Post's\" anonymous sources was an individual whom Woodward and Bernstein had nicknamed Deep Throat; 33 years later, in 2005, he was confirmed to be William Mark Felt, Sr., the former deputy director of the FBI.",
"Felt met secretly with Woodward, telling him of Howard Hunt’s involvement with the Watergate break-in, and that the White House staff regarded the stakes in Watergate extremely high.",
"Felt warned Woodward that the FBI wanted to know where he and other reporters were getting their information, as they were uncovering a wider web of crimes than first disclosed.",
"In one of their last meetings, all of which took place at an underground parking garage somewhere in Rosslyn, Virginia at 2:00 am, Felt cautioned Woodward that he might be followed and not to trust their phone conversations to be secure.",
"Felt also planted leaks about Watergate to \"Time\" magazine, the \"Washington Daily News\" and other publications.",
"\"'During this early period, most of the media failed to grasp the full implications of the scandal, and concentrated reporting on other topics related to the 1972 presidential election.",
"After the revelation that one of the convicted burglars wrote to Judge Sirica alleging a high-level coverup, the media shifted its focus.",
"\"Time\" magazine described Nixon as undergoing \"daily hell and very little trust\".",
"The distrust between the press and the Nixon administration was mutual and greater than usual due to lingering dissatisfaction with events from the Vietnam War.",
"Public distrust of the media reached over 40%.",
"Nixon and top administration officials discussed using government agencies to \"get\" what they perceived as hostile media organizations.",
"The discussions had precedent.",
"At the request of Nixon's White House in 1969, the FBI tapped the phones of five reporters.",
"In 1971, the White House requested an audit of the tax return of the editor of \"Newsday\", after he wrote a series of articles about the financial dealings of a friend of the President's.",
"The administration and its supporters accused the media of making \"wild accusations\", putting too much emphasis on the story, and of having a liberal bias against the Administration.",
"Nixon said in a May 1974 interview with a supporter that if he had followed the liberal policies that he thought the media preferred, \"Watergate would have been a blip.\"",
"The media noted that most of the reporting turned out to be accurate and the competitive nature of the media guaranteed massive coverage of the political scandal.",
"Applications to journalism schools reached an all-time high in 1974."
] | [
3
] |
Lucha libre | How many rounds are in a traditional match? | Wrestling | false | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"Mexican professional wrestling, also known as \"Lucha libre\" is a style of wrestling that combines mixed-martial arts and the wrestling of North America.",
"In Lucha libre the wrestler or \"luchador\" uses a mask to cover his face.",
"Traditionally the match is for the best of three rounds without a time limit.",
"The \"Luchador\" or \"wrestler\" athlete uses their own wrestling style or \"estilo de lucha\" consisting of aerial attack wrestling moves, strikes and complex submission moves.",
"The most popular \"luchadores\" are Santo, Blue Demon, Rey Mysterio, Eddie Guerrero, La Parka, Dos Caras Jr./Alberto Del Rio and Mistico."
] | [
5
] |
National parks | What is the group called that patrols the main tourist areas and wears reflective yellow bibs? | Victoria Falls | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
8,
7
] | [
"Natural environment.",
"National parks.",
"The two national parks at the falls are relatively small—Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is and Victoria Falls National Park is .",
"However, next to the latter on the southern bank is the Zambezi National Park, extending west along the river.",
"Animals can move between the two Zimbabwean parks and can also reach Matetsi Safari Area, Kazuma Pan National Park and Hwange National Park to the south.",
"On the Zambian side, fences and the outskirts of Livingstone tend to confine most animals to the Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park.",
"In addition fences put up by lodges in response to crime restrict animal movement.",
"In 2004 a separate group of police called the Tourism Police was started.",
"They are commonly seen around the main tourist areas, and can be identified by their uniforms with yellow reflective bibs."
] | [
0
] |
Modern era | When did researchers unveil a new type of tap that prevents backflow? | Maple syrup | false | 9FOOD
| [
17
] | [
"Around the time of the American Civil War, syrup makers started using large, flat sheet metal pans as they were more efficient for boiling than heavy, rounded iron kettles, because of a greater surface area for evaporation.",
"Around this time, cane sugar replaced maple sugar as the dominant sweetener in the US; as a result, producers focused marketing efforts on maple syrup.",
"The first evaporator, used to heat and concentrate sap, was patented in 1858.",
"In 1872, an evaporator was developed that featured two pans and a metal arch or firebox, which greatly decreased boiling time.",
"Around 1900, producers bent the tin that formed the bottom of a pan into a series of flues, which increased the heated surface area of the pan and again decreased boiling time.",
"Some producers also added a finishing pan, a separate batch evaporator, as a final stage in the evaporation process.",
"Buckets began to be replaced with plastic bags, which allowed people to see at a distance how much sap had been collected.",
"Syrup producers also began using tractors to haul vats of sap from the trees being tapped (the sugarbush) to the evaporator.",
"Some producers adopted motor-powered tappers and metal tubing systems to convey sap from the tree to a central collection container, but these techniques were not widely used.",
"Heating methods also diversified: modern producers use wood, oil, natural gas, propane, or steam to evaporate sap.",
"Modern filtration methods were perfected to prevent contamination of the syrup.",
"A large number of technological changes took place during the 1970s.",
"Plastic tubing systems that had been experimental since the early part of the century were perfected, and the sap came directly from the tree to the evaporator house.",
"Vacuum pumps were added to the tubing systems, and preheaters were developed to recycle heat lost in the steam.",
"Producers developed reverse-osmosis machines to take a portion of water out of the sap before it was boiled, increasing processing efficiency.",
"Improvements in tubing and vacuum pumps, new filtering techniques, \"supercharged\" preheaters, and better storage containers have since been developed.",
"Research continues on pest control and improved woodlot management.",
"In 2009, researchers at the University of Vermont unveiled a new type of tap that prevents backflow of sap into the tree, reducing bacterial contamination and preventing the tree from attempting to heal the bore hole.",
"Experiments show that it may be possible to use saplings in a plantation instead of mature trees dramatically boosting productivity per acre."
] | [
2
] |
Synopsis | In the Maroon 5 song "One More Night," what is upsetting to the main character after winning the fight? | One More Night (Maroon 5 song) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
5,
6
] | [
"The video for \"One More Night\" opens with two goldfish swimming around in a spheric bowl before segueing into a sequence where the seemingly idyllic home life Levine enjoys with video girlfriend Minka Kelly and their baby daughter is set against scenes of his hands being wrapped and of him training in a boxing ring.",
"At home, he eats a protein-heavy meal and revels in his baby girl's laughter as he holds her high in the air.",
"But all is not well, as frequent cuts to Kelly's concerned frown let on.",
"The writing is on the wall when he has to leave for a big fight and before he leaves, he pretends to soft box his baby daughter.",
"As he steps into the ring to cheers, she packs her bags.",
"He wins the fight, but when he returns home battered from the battle, he finds he's lost everything that really mattered.",
"Kelly and their child are gone and all that's left are the relics of his profession — trophies, a jump rope, a few pictures and a lone goldfish."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Who shot William McKinley? | Assassination of William McKinley | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"The 25th President of the United States, William McKinley, was shot and fatally wounded on September 6, 1901, inside the Temple of Music on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.",
"McKinley was shaking hands with the public when he was shot by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist.",
"The President died on September 14 from gangrene caused by the bullet wounds.",
"McKinley had been elected for a second term in 1900.",
"He enjoyed meeting the public, and was reluctant to accept the security available to his office.",
"The Secretary to the President, George B. Cortelyou, feared an assassination attempt would take place during a visit to the Temple of Music, and twice took it off the schedule.",
"McKinley restored it each time.",
"Czolgosz had lost his job during the economic Panic of 1893 and turned to anarchism, a political philosophy whose adherents had recently killed foreign leaders.",
"Regarding McKinley as a symbol of oppression, Czolgosz felt it was his duty as an anarchist to kill him.",
"Unable to get near McKinley during the earlier part of the presidential visit, Czolgosz shot McKinley twice as the President reached to shake his hand in the reception line at the temple.",
"One bullet grazed McKinley; the other entered his abdomen and was never found.",
"McKinley initially appeared to be recovering, but took a turn for the worse on September 13 as his wounds became gangrenous, and died early the next morning; Vice President Theodore Roosevelt succeeded him.",
"After McKinley's murder, for which Czolgosz was put to death in the electric chair, the United States Congress passed legislation to officially charge the Secret Service with the responsibility for protecting the president."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | How do you generally cook a fish steak? | Steak | false | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"A steak (from Old Norse \"steik\", \"roast\") is generally a cut of beef sliced perpendicular to the muscle fibers, or of fish cut perpendicular to the spine.",
"Meat steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled, while fish steaks may also be baked.",
"Steak can also be meat cooked in sauce, such as steak and kidney pie, or minced meat formed into a steak shape, such as Salisbury steak and hamburger steak.",
"Without qualification, the word \"steak\" generally refers to beefsteak.",
"Steaks from other animals are usually qualified as, \"e.g.",
"\", 'swordfish steak' or 'venison steak'."
] | [
5
] |
War of the Third Coalition 1805 | When did Napoleon achieve his greatest victory? | Napoleonic Wars | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
15
] | [
"Britain gathered together allies to form the Third Coalition against France.",
"In response, Napoleon seriously considered an invasion of Great Britain, and massed 180,000 effectives at Boulogne.",
"However, before he could invade, he needed to achieve naval superiority—or at least to pull the British fleet away from the English Channel.",
"A complex plan to distract the British by threatening their possessions in the West Indies failed when a Franco-Spanish fleet under Admiral Villeneuve turned back after an indecisive action off Cape Finisterre on 22 July 1805.",
"The Royal Navy blockaded Villeneuve in Cádiz until he left for Naples on 19 October; the British squadron caught and overwhelmingly defeated the combined enemy fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October (the British commander, Lord Nelson, died in the battle).",
"Napoleon would never again have the opportunity to challenge the British at sea, nor to threaten an invasion.",
"He again turned his attention to enemies on the Continent.",
"The French army left Boulogne and moved towards Austria.",
"In April 1805, Britain and Russia signed a treaty with the aim of removing the French from the Batavian Republic (roughly present-day Netherlands) and the Swiss Confederation (Switzerland).",
"Austria joined the alliance after the annexation of Genoa and the proclamation of Napoleon as King of Italy on 17 March 1805.",
"Sweden, which had already agreed to lease Swedish Pomerania as a military base for British troops against France, formally entered the coalition on 9 August.",
"The Austrians began the war by invading Bavaria with an army of about 70,000 under Karl Mack von Leiberich, and the French army marched out from Boulogne in late July 1805 to confront them.",
"At Ulm (25 September – 20 October) Napoleon surrounded Mack's army, forcing its surrender without significant losses.",
"With the main Austrian army north of the Alps defeated (another army under Archduke Charles manoeuvred inconclusively against André Masséna's French army in Italy), Napoleon occupied Vienna.",
"Far from his supply lines, he faced a larger Austro-Russian army under the command of Mikhail Kutuzov, with the Emperor Alexander I of Russia personally present.",
"On 2 December, Napoleon crushed the joint Austro-Russian army in Moravia at Austerlitz (usually considered his greatest victory).",
"He inflicted a total of 25,000 casualties on a numerically superior enemy army while sustaining fewer than 7,000 in his own force.",
"Austria signed the Treaty of Pressburg (26 December 1805) and left the Coalition.",
"The Treaty required the Austrians to give up Venetia to the French-dominated Kingdom of Italy and the Tyrol to Bavaria.",
"With the withdrawal of Austria from the war, stalemate ensued.",
"Napoleon's army had a record of continuous unbroken victories on land, but the full force of the Russian army had not yet come into play."
] | [
2
] |
Comparisons of speed and athletic requirements | Have physical demands on players been studied? | Badminton | false | 4SPORT
| [
6
] | [
"Statistics such as the smash speed, above, prompt badminton enthusiasts to make other comparisons that are more contentious.",
"For example, it is often claimed that badminton is the fastest racquet sport.",
"Although badminton holds the record for the fastest initial speed of a racket sports projectile, the shuttlecock decelerates substantially faster than other projectiles such as tennis balls.",
"In turn, this qualification must be qualified by consideration of the distance over which the shuttlecock travels: a smashed shuttlecock travels a shorter distance than a tennis ball during a serve.",
"Badminton's claim as the fastest racquet sport might also be based on reaction time requirements, but arguably table tennis requires even faster reaction times.",
"While fans of badminton and tennis often claim that their sport is the more physically demanding, such comparisons are difficult to make objectively because of the differing demands of the games.",
"No formal study currently exists evaluating the physical condition of the players or demands during game play."
] | [] |
Administrative divisions | How are the states of Austria divided? | Austria | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1,
2
] | [
"As a federal republic, Austria is divided into nine states ().",
"These states are then divided into districts () and statutory cities ().",
"Districts are subdivided into municipalities ().",
"Statutory Cities have the competencies otherwise granted to both districts and municipalities.",
"The states are not mere administrative divisions but have some legislative authority distinct from the federal government, e.g.",
"in matters of culture, social care, youth and nature protection, hunting, building, and zoning ordinances.",
"In recent years, it has been discussed whether today it is appropriate for a small country to maintain ten parliaments."
] | [
5
] |
In popular culture | When was "The Scream" madeby Andy Warhol? | The Scream | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"In the late twentieth century, \"The Scream\" was imitated, parodied, and outright copies have been made following its copyright expiration, which led to it acquiring an iconic status in popular culture.",
"It was used on the cover of some editions of Arthur Janov's book \"The Primal Scream\".",
"In 1983–1984, pop artist Andy Warhol made a series of silk prints copying works by Munch, including \"The Scream\".",
"His stated intention was to desacralize the painting by making it into a mass-reproducible object.",
"Munch had already begun that process, however, by making a lithograph of the work for reproduction.",
"Erró's ironic and irreverent treatment of Munch's masterpiece in his acrylic paintings \"The Second Scream\" (1967) and \"Ding Dong\" (1979) is considered a characteristic of post-modern art.",
"Cartoonist Gary Larson included a \"tribute\" to \"The Scream\" (entitled \"The Whine\") in his \"Wiener Dog Art\" painting and cartoon compilation, in which the central figure is replaced by a howling dachshund.",
"\"The Scream\" has been used in advertising, in cartoons, such as \"The Simpsons\", films, and on television.",
"The principal alien antagonists depicted in the 2011 BBC series of \"Doctor Who\", named \"The Silence\", have an appearance partially based on \"The Scream\".",
"The Ghostface mask worn by the primary antagonists of the \"Scream\" series of horror movies is based on the painting, and was created by Fun World employee, Brigitte Sleiertin, as a Halloween costume, prior to being discovered by Marianne Maddalena and Wes Craven for the film.",
"In 2013, The Scream was one of four paintings that the Norwegian postal service chose for a series of stamps marking the 150th anniversary of Edvard Munch’s birth.",
"A patient resource group for trigeminal neuralgia (which has been described as the most painful condition in existence) have also adopted the image as a symbol of the condition."
] | [
2
] |
Description | What is the most common isotope of the hydrogen atom? | Proton | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
5
] | [
"Protons are spin-½ fermions and are composed of three valence quarks, making them baryons (a sub-type of hadrons).",
"The two up quarks and one down quark of the proton are held together by the strong force, mediated by gluons.",
"A modern perspective has the proton composed of the valence quarks (up, up, down), the gluons, and transitory pairs of sea quarks.",
"The proton has an approximately exponentially decaying positive charge distribution with a mean square radius of about 0.8 fm.",
"Protons and neutrons are both nucleons, which may be bound together by the nuclear force to form atomic nuclei.",
"The nucleus of the most common isotope of the hydrogen atom (with the chemical symbol \"H\") is a lone proton.",
"The nuclei of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium contain one proton bound to one and two neutrons, respectively.",
"All other types of atomic nuclei are composed of two or more protons and various numbers of neutrons."
] | [
0
] |
Heeling | The opposite of weather helm is? | Sailing | true | 4SPORT
| [
23
] | [
"When a ship or boat leans over to one side, from the action of waves or from the centrifugal force of a turn or under wind pressure or from amount of exposed topsides, it is said to 'heel'.",
"A sailing boat that is over-canvassed and therefore heeling, may sail less efficiently depending on fundamental or opportunistic factors such as temporary nature of the feature (e.g.",
"wind gust), use (e.g.",
"racing), crew ability, point of sail, hull size & design.",
"When a vessel is subject to a heeling force (such as wind pressure), vessel buoyancy & beam of the hull will counter-act the heeling force.",
"A weighted keel provides additional means to right the boat.",
"In some high-performance racing yachts, water ballast or the angle of a canting keel can be changed to provide additional righting force to counteract heeling.",
"The crew may move their personal weight to the high (upwind) side of the boat, this is called \"hiking\", which also changes the centre of gravity & produces a righting lever to reduce the degree of heeling.",
"Incidental benefits include faster vessel speed caused by more efficient action of the hull & sails.",
"Other options to reduce heeling include reducing exposed sail area & efficiency of the sail setting & a variant of hiking called \"trapezing\".",
"This can only be done if the vessel is designed for this, as in dinghy sailing.",
"A sailor can (usually involuntarily) try turning upwind in gusts (it is known as \"rounding up\").",
"This can lead to difficulties in controlling the vessel if over-canvassed.",
"Wind can be spilled from the sails by 'sheeting out', or loosening them.",
"The number of sails, their size and shape can be altered.",
"Raising the dinghy centreboard can reduce heeling by allowing more leeway.",
"The increasingly asymmetric underwater shape of the hull matching the increasing angle of heel may generate an increasing directional turning force into the wind.",
"The sails' centre of effort will also increase this turning effect or force on the vessel's motion due to increasing lever effect with increased heeling which shows itself as increased human effort required to steer a straight course.",
"Increased heeling reduces exposed sail area relative to the wind direction, so leading to an equilibrium state.",
"As more heeling force causes more heel, weather helm may be experienced.",
"This condition has a braking effect on the vessel but has the safety effect in that an excessively hard pressed boat will try and turn into the wind therefore reducing the forces on the sail.",
"Small amounts (≤5 degrees) of weather helm are generally considered desirable because of the consequent aerofoil lift effect from the rudder.",
"This aerofoil lift produces helpful motion to windward & the corollary of the reason why lee helm is dangerous.",
"Lee helm, the opposite of weather helm, is generally considered to be dangerous because the vessel turns away from the wind when the helm is released, thus increasing forces on the sail at a time when the helmsperson is not in control."
] | [] |
History | Who believed the celestial region was made up of Aether? | Astrophysics | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"Although astronomy is as ancient as recorded history itself, it was long separated from the study of terrestrial physics.",
"In the Aristotelian worldview, bodies in the sky appeared to be unchanging spheres whose only motion was uniform motion in a circle, while the earthly world was the realm which underwent growth and decay and in which natural motion was in a straight line and ended when the moving object reached its goal.",
"Consequently, it was held that the celestial region was made of a fundamentally different kind of matter from that found in the terrestrial sphere; either Fire as maintained by Plato, or Aether as maintained by Aristotle.",
"In the 17th century, natural philosophers such as Galileo, Descartes, and Newton began to maintain that the celestial and terrestrial regions were made of similar kinds of material and were subject to the same natural laws.",
"At the end of the 19th century, it was discovered that, when decomposing the light from the Sun, a multitude of spectral lines were observed (regions where there was less or no light).",
"Laboratory experiments with hot gases showed that the same lines could be observed in the spectra of known gases, specific lines corresponding to unique chemical elements.",
"In this way it was proved that the chemical elements found in the Sun and stars (chiefly hydrogen) were also found on Earth.",
"Indeed, the element helium was first discovered in the spectrum of the Sun and only later found on Earth, hence its name.",
"During the 20th century, spectroscopy (the study of these spectral lines) advanced, particularly as a result of the advent of quantum physics that was necessary to understand the astronomical and experimental observations.",
"See also:",
" Timeline of knowledge about galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large-scale structure",
" Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae",
" Timeline of black hole physics",
" Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity"
] | [
3
] |
Boundaries | Interstate 15 runs parallel to which direction of Las Vegas Boulevard? | Las Vegas Strip | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
10
] | [
"Historically, the casinos that were not in Downtown Las Vegas along Fremont Street were restricted to outside of the city limits on Las Vegas Boulevard.",
"In 1959 the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign was constructed exactly outside of the city limits.",
"The sign is today about south of the southernmost entrance to Mandalay Bay (the southernmost casino).",
"In the strictest sense, \"the Strip\" refers only to the stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard that is roughly between Sahara Avenue and Russell Road, a distance of .",
"However, the term is often used to refer not only to the road but also to the various casinos and resorts that line the road, and even to properties which are not on the road but in proximity.",
"Phrases such as \"Strip Area\", \"Resort Corridor\" or \"Resort District\" are sometimes used to indicate a larger geographical area, including properties or more away from Las Vegas Boulevard, such as the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino.",
"The traditional definition considers the Strip's northern terminus as the now-defunct Sahara Casino, though travel guides typically extend it to include the Stratosphere, to the north.",
"At one time, the southern end of the Strip was Tropicana Avenue, but continuing construction has extended this boundary to Russell Road.",
"Mandalay Bay is located just north of Russell Road and is the southernmost resort considered to be on the Strip.",
"Because of the number and size of the resorts, the Resort Corridor can be quite wide.",
"Interstate 15 runs roughly parallel and to the west of Las Vegas Boulevard for the entire length of the Strip.",
"Paradise Road runs to the east in a similar fashion, and ends at St. Louis Avenue.",
"The eastern side of the Strip is bounded by McCarran International Airport south of Tropicana Avenue.",
"North of this point, the Resort Corridor can be considered to extend as far east as Paradise Road, although some consider Koval Lane as a less inclusive boundary.",
"Interstate 15 is sometimes considered the western edge of the Resort Corridor from Interstate 215 to Spring Mountain Road.",
"North of this point, Industrial Road serves as the western edge.",
"The famous Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign is located in the median just south of Russell Road, across from the now-demolished Klondike Hotel & Casino; another similar sign is in the median at the north end of the Strip near the intersection of East St. Louis and South Main Streets.",
"Newer resorts such as South Point and the M Resort are on Las Vegas Boulevard South as distant as 8 miles south of the Welcome to Las Vegas sign.",
"Marketing for these casinos usually states that they are on southern Las Vegas Boulevard and not \"Strip\" properties."
] | [] |
Casting | What dramatic physical alteration to his body did Brad Pitt make for his role in Fight Club and why? | Fight Club | false | 6MOVIES
| [
13,
14,
15
] | [
"Producer Ross Bell met with actor Russell Crowe to discuss his candidacy for the role of Tyler Durden.",
"Producer Art Linson, who joined the project late, met with another candidate, Brad Pitt.",
"Linson was the senior producer of the two, so the studio sought to cast Pitt instead of Crowe.",
"Pitt was looking for a new film after the failure of his 1998 film \"Meet Joe Black\", and the studio believed \"Fight Club\" would be more commercially successful with a major star.",
"The studio signed Pitt and offered him a $17.5 million salary.",
"For the role of the unnamed narrator, the studio desired a \"sexier marquee name\" like Matt Damon to increase the film's commercial prospects; it also considered Sean Penn.",
"Fincher instead considered Edward Norton a candidate for the role, based on the actor's performance in the 1996 film \"The People vs. Larry Flynt\".",
"Other studios were approaching Norton for leading roles in developing films like \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\" and \"Man on the Moon\".",
"The actor was cast in \"Runaway Jury\", but the film did not reach production.",
"20th Century Fox offered Norton a $2.5 million salary to attract him to \"Fight Club\".",
"Norton could not accept the offer immediately since he still owed Paramount Pictures a film; he had signed a contractual obligation with Paramount to appear in one of the studio's future films for a smaller salary (Norton later satisfied the obligation with his role in the 2003 film \"The Italian Job\").",
"In January 1998, 20th Century Fox announced that Brad Pitt and Edward Norton were cast in the film.",
"The actors prepared for their roles by taking lessons in boxing, taekwondo, grappling, and soapmaking.",
"Pitt voluntarily visited a dentist to have pieces of his front teeth chipped off so his character would not have perfect teeth.",
"The pieces were restored after filming concluded.",
"Fincher's first choice for the role of Marla Singer was Janeane Garofalo, who objected to the film's sexual content.",
"The filmmakers considered Courtney Love and Winona Ryder as candidates early on.",
"The studio wanted to cast Reese Witherspoon, but Fincher objected that she was too young for the role.",
"He chose to cast Helena Bonham Carter based on her performance in the 1997 film \"The Wings of the Dove\"."
] | [
1,
0
] |
In culture | Which sports team's logo features the Space Needle? | Space Needle | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
17
] | [
"Being a major symbol of the Pacific Northwest, the Space Needle has made numerous appearances in films, TV shows and other works of fiction.",
"A few examples of films include \"It Happened at the World's Fair\" (1962), where it was used as a filming location, and \"Sleepless in Seattle\" (1993).",
"In the 1974 film \"The Parallax View\", the inside and outside platforms of the observation deck are the setting for a political assassination, and there's a brief chase on the roof above it.",
"In the 1999 film \"\", it served as a base of operations for the villain Doctor Evil with the word Starbucks written across its saucer after his henchman Number 2 shifted the organization's resources toward the coffee company.",
"It is also featured prominently in \"Chronicle\" (2012), and is a key element in the film's climax.",
"In TV shows, one of the most prominent showings is in the series \"Frasier\" where an outline of it appears in the opening credits and the base of it is visible from the high-rise condo although the view is really a composite image as there are no high rise condos in the right area of that height.",
"It also appears in nearly every episode of the Seattle-set series \"Grey's Anatomy\", often in helicopter fly-by shots.",
"The Space Needle also makes appearances in Nickelodeon TV show \"iCarly\" where it can be seen with other surrounding buildings in the Seattle area.",
"Other TV appearances include The History Channel's \"Life After People\" where it collapses after 200 years because of corrosion.",
"It was also destroyed in the TV miniseries \"10.5\" when a 7.9 earthquake hits Seattle.",
"The movie mistakenly portrays the Needle as crumbling concrete, though the structure is actually made of iron and it would have survived a 7.9 earthquake in real life.",
"The needle is also featured in some episodes of \"Bill Nye the Science Guy\", such as the episode \"Storms\" where Bill Nye uses the lightning rod on top of it as an example of conducting lightning strikes.",
"It also appears many times as a refuge for the hero of \"Dark Angel\".",
"In video games, it has been used to represent Seattle in \"Pilotwings 64\" and \"Rock Band\" and it appears in the Seattle Circuit reverse of \"Gran Turismo 4\".",
"The Space Needle and the area around it also appear in the last campaign mission of \"World in Conflict\" as the site of the Soviet invasion force's last stand.",
"The Space Needle is in the map \"Seattle\" of Godzilla: Saves the Earth, for the original Xbox.",
"The Space Needle has been used for some other purposes as well, including a large 57 piece Lego construction set of it that has been released as part of Lego Architecture's structures.",
"The Needle is also featured on the logo of the Major League Soccer team Seattle Sounders FC.",
"The Space Needle is featured in \".\""
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