section
stringlengths 3
104
| question
stringlengths 12
207
| article
stringclasses 481
values | is_paraphrase
bool 2
classes | topic
class label 10
classes | answers
sequencelengths 1
12
| candidates
sequencelengths 3
33
| q_types
sequencelengths 0
3
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precipitation | How can the precipitation process be assisted? | Chemical reaction | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution or inside another solid during a chemical reaction.",
"It usually takes place when the concentration of dissolved ions exceeds the solubility limit and forms an insoluble salt.",
"This process can be assisted by adding a precipitating agent or by removal of the solvent.",
"Rapid precipitation results in an amorphous or microcrystalline residue and slow process can yield single crystals.",
"The latter can also be obtained by recrystallization from microcrystalline salts."
] | [
5
] |
Live performances | At what charity event did Rihanna perform Where Have You Been in 2012? | Where Have You Been | false | 0MUSIC
| [
5
] | [
"Rihanna performed \"Where Have You Been\" for the first time live at the 2012 Post-Grammy Charity Fundraiser, along with \"We Found Love\", on February 13, 2012.",
"On April 15, 2012, Rihanna performed the song at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, again with \"We Found Love\".",
"On May 5, 2012, Rihanna performed the song on \"Saturday Night Live\" in the United States.",
"The performance featured an aesthetic similar to that of the music video; the \"SNL\" set was decorated in a \"One Thousand and One Nights\" fashion.",
"Rihanna and her backup dancers performed a highly choreographed dance routine, the same as the music video, and wore Arabian inspired outfits.",
"She also performed the song at the 2012 Robin Hood Benefit in New York.",
"The performance was in \"Cleopatra\" style.",
"The singer performed the song on \"American Idol\"'s season 11 finale on May 23, 2012.",
"Rihanna performed \"Where Have You Been\" at Radio 1's Hackney Weekend on June 24, 2012, as the tenth song on the set list.",
"The performance featured a giant sphinx on the stage."
] | [
4,
0
] |
Sports | Which World Cup did the UAE national cricket team qualify for? | United Arab Emirates | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
12
] | [
"Football is a popular sport in the UAE.",
"Emirati football clubs Al-Ain, Al-Wasl, Al-Shabbab ACD, Al-Sharjah, Al-Wahda, and Al-Ahli are the most popular teams and enjoy the reputation of long-time regional champions.",
"The United Arab Emirates Football Association was first established in 1971 and since then has dedicated its time and effort to promoting the game, organizing youth programs and improving the abilities of not only its players, but of the officials and coaches involved with its regional teams.",
"The UAE national football team qualified for the FIFA World Cup in 1990 with Egypt.",
"It was the third consecutive World Cup with two Arab nations qualifying, after Kuwait and Algeria in 1982, and Iraq and Algeria again in 1986.",
"The UAE won the Gulf Cup Championship two times.",
"They won the first cup in January 2007 held in Abu Dhabi and has won the recent cup in January 2013 held in Bahrain.",
"Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the UAE, largely because of the expatriate population from the Indian subcontinent, the United Kingdom, and Australia.",
"The Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium in Sharjah has hosted 4 international test cricket matches so far.",
"Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi also hosted international cricket matches.",
"Dubai has two cricket stadiums (Dubai Cricket Ground No.1 and No.2) with a third, the DSC Cricket Stadium as part of Dubai Sports City.",
"Dubai is also home to the International Cricket Council.",
"The UAE national cricket team qualified for the 1996 Cricket World Cup and narrowly missed out on qualification for the 2007 Cricket World Cup.",
"Formula One is particularly popular in the United Arab Emirates, and is annually held at the picturesque Yas Marina Circuit.",
"The race is held at evening time, and is the first ever Grand Prix to start in daylight and finish at night.",
"Other popular sports include camel racing, falconry, endurance riding, and tennis."
] | [] |
Development and production | What actor played the stepmother of Max and Polly's? | How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life) | true | 1TV
| [
7
] | [
"In January 2012, ABC placed a pilot order for \"How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life)\".",
"Claudia Lonow wrote the pilot episode, and serves as showrunner and head writer.",
"Lonow also executive produces the series alongside Brian Grazer and Francie Calfo, under their production company Imagine Entertainment.",
"Casting announcements began in February 2012, with Sarah Chalke first cast in the lead role of Polly, the recently divorced mother who moves back in with her parents.",
"Jon Dore then joined the series in the role of Julian, Polly's ex-husband.",
"Following Dore, Elizabeth Perkins signed on to play the role of Elaine, Polly's optimistic and outspoken mother.",
"Next to board the series was Rachel Eggleston as Natalie, Polly and Julian's six-year-old daughter.",
"Brad Garrett then joined the series as Max, Polly's stepfather, who owns a successful chain of nightclubs.",
"Rebecca Delgado Smith boarded the series in the role of Jenn, Polly's co-worker who occasionally helps Polly with her dating problems.",
"Orlando Jones completed the main cast in the series when he signed on to play the role of Gregg, Polly's married best friend and co-worker.",
"On May 11, 2012, ABC placed a series order for the comedy.",
"Shortly after the series order was placed, Rebecca Delgado Smith and Orlando Jones were dropped from the cast.",
"Smith's role was subsequently recast with Stephanie Hunt.",
"The series went into production early and the first season was completed by November 2012."
] | [
0
] |
Rose Period | Which type of historian was Kahnweiler? | Pablo Picasso | true | 3ART
| [
15
] | [
"The Rose Period (1904–1906) is characterised by a more cheery style with orange and pink colours, and featuring many circus people, acrobats and harlequins known in France as saltimbanques.",
"The harlequin, a comedic character usually depicted in checkered patterned clothing, became a personal symbol for Picasso.",
"Picasso met Fernande Olivier, a bohemian artist who became his mistress, in Paris in 1904.",
"Olivier appears in many of his Rose Period paintings, many of which are influenced by his warm relationship with her, in addition to his increased exposure to French painting.",
"The generally upbeat and optimistic mood of paintings in this period is reminiscent of the 1899–1901 period (i.e.",
"just prior to the Blue Period) and 1904 can be considered a transition year between the two periods.",
"By 1905, Picasso became a favourite of American art collectors Leo and Gertrude Stein.",
"Their older brother Michael Stein and his wife Sarah also became collectors of his work.",
"Picasso painted portraits of both Gertrude Stein and her nephew Allan Stein.",
"Gertrude Stein became Picasso's principal patron, acquiring his drawings and paintings and exhibiting them in her informal \"Salon\" at her home in Paris.",
"At one of her gatherings in 1905, he met Henri Matisse, who was to become a lifelong friend and rival.",
"The Steins introduced him to Claribel Cone and her sister Etta who were American art collectors; they also began to acquire Picasso and Matisse's paintings.",
"Eventually Leo Stein moved to Italy.",
"Michael and Sarah Stein became patrons of Matisse, while Gertrude Stein continued to collect Picasso.",
"In 1907 Picasso joined an art gallery that had recently been opened in Paris by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler.",
"Kahnweiler was a German art historian and art collector who became one of the premier French art dealers of the 20th century.",
"He was among the first champions of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and the Cubism that they jointly developed.",
"Kahnweiler promoted burgeoning artists such as André Derain, Kees van Dongen, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Maurice de Vlaminck and several others who had come from all over the globe to live and work in Montparnasse at the time."
] | [] |
References in other media | Which Marcel Proust novel features a character who is working on an essay? | Johannes Vermeer | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"In the first volume of Marcel Proust's novel \"In Search of Lost Time\", entitled \"Swann's Way\", the protagonist Charles Swann is said to be working on an extended essay concerning Vermeer's art.",
"In addition, Vermeer's \"View of Delft\" features in a pivotal sequence of a later volume, \"The Captive\", in the same work.",
"A Vermeer painting plays a key part of the dénouement in Agatha Christie's \"After the Funeral\" (1953).",
"Susan Vreeland's novel \"Girl in Hyacinthe Blue\" follows eight individuals with a relationship to a painting of Vermeer.",
"The young adult novel \"Chasing Vermeer\" by Blue Balliett centers around the fictitious theft of Vermeer's \"A Lady Writing\".",
"J.P. Smith's novel, \"The Discovery of Light\", deals largely with Vermeer.",
"The character of Barney, in Thomas Harris's novel \"Hannibal\" (1999), has a goal to see every Vermeer painting in the world before he dies.",
"Tracy Chevalier's novel \"Girl with a Pearl Earring\" and the film of the same name (2003) are named after the painting; they present a fictional account of its creation by Vermeer and his relationship with the (equally fictional) model.",
"The film was nominated for Oscars in cinematography, art direction, and costume design.",
"Peter Greenaway's film \"A Zed & Two Noughts\" (1985) contains a plot line about an orthopedic surgeon named Van Meegeren who stages highly exact scenes from Vermeer paintings in order to paint copies of them.",
"The Dutch composer Louis Andriessen based his opera \"Writing to Vermeer\" (1997–98, libretto by Peter Greenaway) on the domestic life of Vermeer.",
"The song \"No One Was Like Vermeer\" from the 2008 album Because Her Beauty Is Raw and Wild by Boston singer-songwriter Jonathan Richman pays tribute to Vermeer's painstaking technique.",
"Richman also references Vermeer in his song \"Vincent Van Gogh\" and both songs are frequently part of Richman's live performances.",
"\"Jan Vermeer\" is a rockabilly song written by Bob Walkenhorst for his solo album \"The Beginner\".",
"David Olney's song \"Mister Vermeer\" on his 2010 album \"Dutchman's Curve\" imagines Vermeer's unrequited love for the subject of Girl with a Pearl Earring.",
"Historian Timothy Brook's \"\" (2007) examines six of Vermeer's paintings for evidence of world trade and globalization during the Dutch Golden Age.",
"The 2013 documentary film \"Tim's Vermeer\" follows inventor Tim Jenison's examination on his theory that Vermeer used optical devices to assist in generating his realistic images"
] | [
3
] |
Composition | What band is comparable to Some Nights? | Some Nights | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"The album and the band's music has received several comparisons to Queen.",
"\"Rolling Stones\"'s Jody Rosen, called the album a mix of \"close harmony chorales, showy key changes, a dash of Queen here, a dollop of Les Miz there\".",
"In an interview with \"Fuse\", producer Jeff Bhasker also stated that the album's lead single \"We Are Young\" \"had a Queen/Freddie Mercury vibe to it\".",
"Marcus Glimer of \"The A.V.",
"Club\" wrote that the album featured \"more synthetic elements and drum machines\" than their debut album \"Aim and Ignite\" and compared the beat to \"All Alone\" to a hip-hop track.",
"NPR columnist Daoud Tyler-Ameen commented that the album might be the start of a new phase of music, in which musicians would infuse the \"sounds and rhythms once associated with hip-hop\" with their pop music.",
"The album's lyrics have been called \"plaintive\", for dealing with themes of loneliness, self-worth, introspection, paranoia and existentialism, contrasting with the album's \"anthemic\" music.",
"Tyler-Ameen considered the album \"remarkable for its sheer optimism\", despite the sad and mournful lyrics, Rosen wrote that \"Ruess' knack for the anthemic is matched by Gen-Y humor – emo self-deprecation that leavens the bombast\".",
"while Marcus Gilmer praised Ruess' \"prose-style lyrics\", similar to his work in his previous band, The Format.",
"Ruess later commented on the importance of lyrics to him, saying that he took \"great pride\", after he finished writing them.",
"He also considered most lyrics written by current musicians to be \"dumbed down\", partially causing \"rock music's current woes\"."
] | [
0
] |
Prediction of Peter's denial | Which person started crying? | Last Supper | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"In , , and Jesus predicts that Peter will deny knowledge of him, stating that Peter will disown him three times before the rooster crows the next morning.",
"The three Synoptic Gospels mention that after the arrest of Jesus Peter denied knowing him three times, but after the third denial, heard the rooster crow and recalled the prediction as Jesus turned to look at him.",
"Peter then began to cry bitterly."
] | [] |
Abstract | In what year was Wake Me Up When September Ends released? | Wake Me Up When September Ends | false | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"\"Wake Me Up When September Ends\" is a song by American rock band Green Day.",
"It was released in June 2005 as the fourth single from their seventh album, \"American Idiot\".",
"The song deals with the death of lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong's father, who died when Armstrong was a child.",
"The single peaked at number six in the United States, becoming Green Day's third Top 10 single.",
"It also peaked at #8 in Canada and the UK, while making #13 in Australia.",
"\"Wake Me Up When September Ends\" had sold 1,652,000 copies as of May 2010, and was the second highest selling single in the U.S. from \"American Idiot\", behind only the multi-platinum \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\".",
"The song ended the streak of Green Day's three consecutive #1 hits on the Modern Rock Tracks chart (American Idiot, Boulevard of Broken Dreams and Holiday), but it hit #2 on the chart almost hitting #1 by Gorillaz Feel Good Inc..",
"The song also hit #2 on the Adult Top 40 and #4 on the Mainstream Top 40.",
"This was the band's most successful song to the adult contemporary market, hitting #13 on its own chart and their only song to chart other than \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\".",
"The song is certified Silver in the United Kingdom for sales of 200,000 "
] | [
2,
0
] |
Production | Why did they recast Emily Watson's role in Amelie? | Amélie | true | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"In his DVD commentary, Jeunet explains that he originally wrote the role of Amélie for the English actress Emily Watson; in the original draft, Amélie's father was an Englishman living in London.",
"However, Watson's French was not strong, and when she became unavailable to shoot the film, owing to a conflict with the filming of \"Gosford Park\", Jeunet rewrote the screenplay for a French actress.",
"Audrey Tautou was the first actress he auditioned having seen her on the poster for \"Venus Beauty Institute\".",
"The movie was filmed mainly in Paris.",
"The Café des 2 Moulins (15 Rue Lepic, Montmartre, Paris) where Amélie works is a real place.",
"The filmmakers made use of computer-generated imagery and a digital intermediate.",
"The studio scenes were filmed in the Coloneum Studio in Cologne (Germany).",
"The film shares many of the themes in the plot with second half of the 1994 film \"Chungking Express\"."
] | [
1
] |
South Africa | What is a vetkoek served with? | Doughnut | false | 9FOOD
| [
5,
6
] | [
"Regional variations.",
"South Africa.",
"In South Africa, an Afrikaans variation known as the \"koeksister\" is popular.",
"Another variation, similar in name, is the Cape Malay \"koesister\" being soaked in a spiced syrup and coated in coconut.",
"It has a texture similar to more traditional doughnuts as opposed to the Afrikaans variety.",
"A further variation is the \"vetkoek\", which is also dough deep fried in oil.",
"It is served with mince, syrup, honey or jam."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Where is the Tennessee/North Carolina lie? | Great Smoky Mountains National Park | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a United States National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site that straddles the ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains, part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are a division of the larger Appalachian Mountain chain.",
"The border between Tennessee and North Carolina runs northeast to southwest through the centerline of the park.",
"It is the most visited national park in the United States.",
"On its route from Maine to Georgia, the Appalachian Trail also passes through the center of the park.",
"The park was chartered by the United States Congress in 1934 and officially dedicated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1940.",
"It encompasses , making it one of the largest protected areas in the eastern United States.",
"The main park entrances are located along U.S. Highway 441 (Newfound Gap Road) at the towns of Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and Cherokee, North Carolina.",
"It was the first national park whose land and other costs were paid for in part with federal funds; previous parks were funded wholly with state money or private funds."
] | [
4
] |
Colonial period | What led to the First Kashmir War? | Pakistan | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"The gradual decline of the Mughal Empire in the early eighteenth century enabled Sikh rulers to control large areas until the British East India Company gained ascendancy over South Asia.",
"The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was the region's major armed struggle against the British.",
"The largely non-violent independence struggle led by the Indian National Congress engaged millions of protesters in mass campaigns of civil disobedience in the 1920s and 1930s.",
"The All-India Muslim League rose to popularity in the late 1930s amid fears of under-representation and neglect of Muslims in politics.",
"In his presidential address of 29 December 1930, Muhammad Iqbal called for \"the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State\" consisting of Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan.",
"Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, espoused the two-nation theory and led the Muslim League to adopt the Lahore Resolution of 1940, popularly known as the Pakistan Resolution.",
"In early 1947, Britain announced the decision to end its rule in India.",
"In June 1947, the nationalist leaders of British India—including Jawaharlal Nehru and Abul Kalam Azad representing the Congress, Jinnah representing the Muslim League, and Master Tara Singh representing the Sikhs—agreed to the proposed terms of transfer of power and independence.",
"The modern state of Pakistan was established on 14 August 1947 (27 Ramadan 1366 in the Islamic Calendar) in the eastern and northwestern regions of British India, where there was a Muslim majority.",
"It comprised the provinces of Balochistan, East Bengal, the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab and Sindh.",
"The partition of the Punjab and Bengal provinces led to communal riots across India and Pakistan; millions of Muslims moved to Pakistan and millions of Hindus and Sikhs moved to India.",
"Dispute over Jammu and Kashmir led to the First Kashmir War."
] | [
0
] |
UN forces cross partition line (September – October 1950) | The X Corps landed at Wonsan and this town in northeast North Korea | Korean War | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
10
] | [
"UN forces cross partition line (September – October 1950).",
"On 27 September, MacArthur received the top secret National Security Council Memorandum 81/1 from Truman reminding him that operations north of the 38th parallel were authorized only if \"at the time of such operation there was no entry into North Korea by major Soviet or Chinese Communist forces, no announcements of intended entry, nor a threat to counter our operations militarily...\" On 29 September MacArthur restored the government of the Republic of Korea under Syngman Rhee.",
"On 30 September, Defense Secretary George Marshall sent an eyes-only message to MacArthur: \"We want you to feel unhampered tactically and strategically to proceed north of the 38th parallel.\"",
"During October, the ROK police executed people who were suspected to be sympathetic to North Korea, and similar massacres were carried out until early 1951.",
"On 30 September, Zhou Enlai warned the U.S. that China was prepared to intervene in Korea if the U.S. crossed the 38th parallel.",
"Zhou attempted to advise North Korean commanders on how to conduct a general withdrawal by using the same tactics which had allowed Chinese communist forces to successfully escape Chiang Kai-shek's Encirclement Campaigns in the 1930s, but by some accounts North Korean commanders did not utilize these tactics effectively.",
"Bruce Cumings argues, however, the KPA's rapid withdrawal was strategic, with troops melting into the mountains from where they could launch guerrilla raids on the UN forces spread out on the coasts.",
"By 1 October 1950, the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel; the ROK Army crossed after them, into North Korea.",
"MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA's unconditional surrender.",
"Six days later, on 7 October, with UN authorization, the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards.",
"The X Corps landed at Wonsan (in southeastern North Korea) and Riwon (in northeastern North Korea), already captured by ROK forces.",
"The Eighth U.S. Army and the ROK Army drove up western Korea and captured Pyongyang city, the North Korean capital, on 19 October 1950.",
"The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team (\"Rakkasans\") made their first of two combat jumps during the Korean War on 20 October 1950 at Sunchon and Sukchon.",
"The missions of the 187th were to cut the road north going to China, preventing North Korean leaders from escaping from Pyongyang; and to rescue American prisoners of war.",
"At month's end, UN forces held 135,000 KPA prisoners of war.",
"Taking advantage of the UN Command's strategic momentum against the communists, General MacArthur believed it necessary to extend the Korean War into China to destroy depots supplying the North Korean war effort.",
"President Truman disagreed, and ordered caution at the Sino-Korean border."
] | [] |
Composition | In the painting of The Creation of Adam, what does God look like? | The Creation of Adam | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"God is depicted as an elderly white-bearded man wrapped in a swirling cloak while Adam, on the lower left, is completely nude.",
"God's right arm is outstretched to impart the spark of life from his own finger into that of Adam, whose left arm is extended in a pose mirroring God's, a reminder that man is created in the image and likeness of God ().",
"Another point is that Adam's finger and God's finger are not touching.",
"It gives the impression that God, the giver of life, is reaching out to Adam who receives it; they are not on \"the same level\" as would be two humans shaking hands, for instance.",
"Many hypotheses have been formulated regarding the identity and meaning of the figures around God.",
"The person protected by God's left arm might be Eve due to the figure's feminine appearance and gaze towards Adam, but was also suggested to be Virgin Mary, Sophia, the personified human soul, or an angel of feminine build.",
"\"The Creation of Adam\" is generally thought to depict the excerpt \"God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him\" ().",
"The inspiration for Michelangelo's treatment of the subject may come from a medieval hymn called \"Veni Creator Spiritus\", which asks the 'finger of the paternal right hand' (\"digitus paternae dexterae\") to give the faithful speech."
] | [
0
] |
2008–09: "Lights" and "The Listening" | What was Lights's second single? | Lights (musician) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
6
] | [
"Starting in early 2008, Lights toured cities in the Great Lakes region, in both Canada and the United States.",
"In late 2008, she toured the United States.",
"In August 2008, Lights signed a record deal with Toronto based label Underground Operations.",
"She also signed an American partnership deal with Warner Bros. along with Doghouse Records.",
"Around the same time, her song \"Drive My Soul\" got to No.18 in the Canadian Hot 100.",
"After signing with them, her EP was released in stores on September 16.",
"Her second single, \"February Air,\" sold 12,000 copies.",
"In early 2008, \"February Air\" was in a commercial for Old Navy.",
"It was later released in December 2008.",
"In Ten Second Epic's song \"Every Day\" from their album Hometown, Lights contributed vocals and appeared in their music video.",
"The song appeared on the \"Big Shiny Tunes 14\" compilation album and the music video was nominated for Best Independent Music Video at the 2010 MuchMusic Video Awards.",
"She is also featured on the soundtrack (songs \"Ben\" and \"Climbing\") for the 2008 Canadian film \"One Week\", starring Joshua Jackson.",
"She was a guest vocalist on the album \"A Shipwreck in the Sand\", released in 2009 by post-hardcore band Silverstein from Burlington, Ontario.",
"In 2009, Lights released her third single to Canadian radio stations called \"Ice\" with a homemade video released on her MySpace.",
"She also released a second video for \"Ice\" in Canada on November 10, 2009.",
"It was released in the United States on November 11, 2009.",
"On August 10, 2009, her music video for \"Saviour\" was released.",
"In an interview for the musical website Hall-Musique, Lights announced she was hoping to release her debut album in Europe by early 2010.",
"In March, Lights was named on the American music website Shred News's 10 \"Artists to Watch in 2010.",
"\"While touring in the summer of 2009 on the 2009 Vans Warped Tour, Lights's single \"Saviour\" premiered on Canadian radio stations on July 6, 2009.",
"The song is from her first full-length album, \"The Listening\", which was released on September 22 in Canada.",
"It was released on October 6 in the United States after she left Underground Operations, for her own record label, Lights Music Inc.",
"The cover for the album was also released.",
"According to Lights, the entire artwork was inspired by \"Watchmen\", \"28 Days Later\", and \"Sailor Moon\".",
"In September 2009, Lights toured with the British band Keane on their Canadian/Pacific Northwest tour.",
"In late 2009, Lights toured all around the United States and Canada with Stars of Track and Field."
] | [
0
] |
Marathon races | In what city does the world's oldest annual marathon take place? | Marathon | false | 4SPORT
| [
6
] | [
" races.",
"Annually, more than 500 marathons are organized worldwide.",
"Some of these belong to the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) which has grown since its foundation in 1982 to embrace over 300 member events in 83 countries and territories.",
"The marathons of Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, New York City and Tokyo form the World Marathon Majors series, awarding $500,000 annually to the best overall male and female performers in the series.",
"In 2006, the editors of Runner's World selected a \"World's Top 10 Marathons\", in which the Amsterdam, Honolulu, Paris, Rotterdam, and Stockholm marathons were featured along with the five mentioned above.",
"Other notable large marathons include United States Marine Corps Marathon, Los Angeles, and Rome.",
"The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon, inspired by the success of the 1896 Olympic marathon and held since 1897.",
"The oldest annual marathon in Europe is the Košice Peace Marathon, held since 1924 in Košice, Slovakia.",
"The historic Polytechnic Marathon was discontinued in 1996.",
"The Athens Classic Marathon traces the route of the 1896 Olympic course, starting in Marathon on the eastern coast of Attica, site of the Battle of Marathon of 490 B.C.E., and ending at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens.",
"The Midnight Sun Marathon is held in Tromsø, Norway at 70 degrees north.",
"Using unofficial and temporary courses, measured by GPS, races of marathon distance are now held at the North Pole, in Antarctica and over desert terrain.",
"Other unusual marathons include the Great Wall Marathon on The Great Wall of China, the Big Five Marathon among the safari wildlife of South Africa, the Great Tibetan Marathon – a marathon in an atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism at an altitude of , and the Polar Circle Marathon on the permanent ice cap of Greenland.",
"The Intercontinental Istanbul Eurasia Marathon is the only marathon where participants run over two continents (Europe and Asia) during the course of a single event.",
"In the Detroit Free Press Marathon, participants cross the US/Canadian border twice.",
"The Niagara Falls International Marathon includes one international border crossing, via the Peace Bridge from Buffalo, New York, United States to Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada."
] | [
0
] |
Language | What is Sweden's official language? | Sweden | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The official language of Sweden is Swedish, a North Germanic language, related and very similar to Danish and Norwegian, but differing in pronunciation and orthography.",
"Norwegians have little difficulty understanding Swedish, and Danes can also understand it, with slightly more difficulty than the Norwegians.",
"The same goes for standard Swedish speakers, who find it far easier to understand Norwegian than Danish.",
"The dialects spoken in Scania, the southernmost part of the country, are influenced by Danish because the region traditionally was a part of Denmark and is nowadays situated closely to it.",
"Sweden Finns are Sweden's largest linguistic minority, comprising about 5% of Sweden's population, and Finnish is recognized as a minority language.",
"Along with Finnish, four other minority languages are also recognized: Meänkieli, Sami, Romani and Yiddish.",
"Swedish became Sweden's official language on 1 July 2009, when a new language law was implemented.",
"The issue of whether Swedish should be declared the official language has been raised in the past, and the Riksdag voted on the matter in 2005, but the proposal narrowly failed.",
"In varying degrees, depending largely on frequency of interaction with English, a majority of Swedes, especially those born after World War II, understand and speak English owing to trade links, the popularity of overseas travel, a strong Anglo-American influence and the tradition of subtitling rather than dubbing foreign television shows and films, and the relative similarity of the two languages which makes learning English easier.",
"In a 2005 survey by Eurobarometer, 89% of Swedes reported the ability to speak English.",
"English became a compulsory subject for secondary school students studying natural sciences as early as 1849, and has been a compulsory subject for all Swedish students since the late 1940s.",
"Depending on the local school authorities, English is currently a compulsory subject between first grade and ninth grade, with all students continuing in secondary school studying English for at least another year.",
"Most students also study one and sometimes two additional languages.",
"These include (but are not limited to) German, French and Spanish.",
"Some Danish and Norwegian is at times also taught as part of Swedish courses for native speakers."
] | [
0
] |
Types | After a cancer is surgically removed, what therapy is immediately applied? | Radiation therapy | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
7
] | [
"Historically, the three main divisions of radiation therapy are external beam radiation therapy (EBRT or XRT) or teletherapy, brachytherapy or sealed source radiation therapy, and systemic radioisotope therapy or unsealed source radiotherapy.",
"The differences relate to the position of the radiation source; external is outside the body, brachytherapy uses sealed radioactive sources placed precisely in the area under treatment, and systemic radioisotopes are given by infusion or oral ingestion.",
"Brachytherapy can use temporary or permanent placement of radioactive sources.",
"The temporary sources are usually placed by a technique called afterloading.",
"In afterloading a hollow tube or applicator is placed surgically in the organ to be treated, and the sources are loaded into the applicator after the applicator is implanted.",
"This minimizes radiation exposure to health care personnel.",
"Particle therapy is a special case of external beam radiation therapy where the particles are protons or heavier ions.",
"Intraoperative radiation therapy or IORT is a special type of radiation therapy that is delivered immediately after surgical removal of the cancer.",
"This method has been employed in breast cancer (TARGeted Introperative radiation therapy or TARGIT), brain tumors and rectal cancers."
] | [
0
] |
Health issues | Why did people criticize Mayor Giuliani? | September 11 attacks | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
14
] | [
"Health issues.",
"Hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic debris containing more than 2,500 contaminants, including known carcinogens, were spread across Lower Manhattan due to the collapse of the Twin Towers.",
"Exposure to the toxins in the debris is alleged to have contributed to fatal or debilitating illnesses among people who were at ground zero.",
"The Bush administration ordered the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to issue reassuring statements regarding air quality in the aftermath of the attacks, citing national security, but the EPA did not determine that air quality had returned to pre-September 11 levels until June 2002.",
"Health effects extended to residents, students, and office workers of Lower Manhattan and nearby Chinatown.",
"Several deaths have been linked to the toxic dust, and the victims' names were included in the World Trade Center memorial.",
"Approximately 18,000 people have been estimated to have developed illnesses as a result of the toxic dust.",
"There is also scientific speculation that exposure to various toxic products in the air may have negative effects on fetal development.",
"A notable children's environmental health center is currently analyzing the children whose mothers were pregnant during the WTC collapse, and were living or working nearby.",
"A study of rescue workers released in April 2010 found that all those studied had impaired lung functions, and that 30–40% were reporting little or no improvement in persistent symptoms that started within the first year of the attack.",
"Years after the attacks, legal disputes over the costs of illnesses related to the attacks were still in the court system.",
"On October 17, 2006, a federal judge rejected New York City's refusal to pay for health costs for rescue workers, allowing for the possibility of numerous suits against the city.",
"Government officials have been faulted for urging the public to return to lower Manhattan in the weeks shortly after the attacks.",
"Christine Todd Whitman, administrator of the EPA in the aftermath of the attacks, was heavily criticized by a U.S. District Judge for incorrectly saying that the area was environmentally safe.",
"Mayor Giuliani was criticized for urging financial industry personnel to return quickly to the greater Wall Street area.",
"The United States Congress passed the James L. Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act on December 22, 2010, and President Barack Obama signed the act into law on January 2, 2011.",
"It allocated $4.2 billion to create the World Trade Center Health Program, which provides testing and treatment for people suffering from long-term health problems related to the 9/11 attacks.",
"The WTC Health Program replaced preexisting 9/11-related health programs such as the Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program and the WTC Environmental Health Center program."
] | [
1
] |
Robert F. Kennedy speech | What would Kennedy's speech cause according to his aides? | Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
8
] | [
"A speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. was given on April 4, 1968, by New York Senator Robert F. Kennedy (who was himself assassinated two months later).",
"Kennedy was campaigning for the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination and had spoken at the University of Notre Dame and Ball State University earlier that day.",
"Before boarding a plane to fly to Indianapolis for one last campaign speech in a predominantly black neighborhood of the city he learned that Martin Luther King had been shot, leading Kennedy press secretary Frank Mankiewicz to suggest that he ask the audience to pray for the King family and ask them to follow King's deeply held belief in non-violence.",
"They did not learn that King was dead until they landed in Indianapolis.",
"Both Mankiewicz and speechwriter Adam Walinsky drafted notes immediately before the rally for Kennedy's use, but Kennedy refused Walinsky's notes, instead using some that he had likely written on the ride over; Mankiewicz arrived after Kennedy had already begun to speak.",
"Prior to arriving at the rally, the Chief of Police in Indianapolis told Kennedy that he could not provide protection and that giving the remarks would be too dangerous, but Kennedy decided to go ahead regardless.",
"Standing on a podium mounted on a flatbed truck, Kennedy spoke for just four minutes and fifty-seven seconds.",
"Robert F. Kennedy was the first to inform the audience of the death of Martin Luther King, causing some in the audience to scream and wail.",
"Several of Kennedy's aides were even worried that the delivery of this information would result in a riot.",
"Once the audience quieted down, Kennedy acknowledged that many in the audience would be filled with anger.",
"But then Kennedy went on: \"For those of you who are black and are tempted to fill with -- be filled with hatred and mistrust of the injustice of such an act, against all white people, I would only say that I can also feel in my own heart the same kind of feeling.",
"I had a member of my family killed, but he was killed by a white man.\"",
"These remarks surprised Kennedy aides, who had never heard him speak publicly of John F. Kennedy's death.",
"Kennedy continued, saying that the country had to make an effort to \"go beyond these rather difficult times,\" and then quoted a poem by the Greek playwright Aeschylus, on the theme of the wisdom that comes, against one's will, from pain.",
"To conclude, Kennedy said that the country needed and wanted unity between blacks and whites, asked the audience members to pray for the King family and the country, and once more quoted the ancient Greeks.",
"The speech was credited in part with preventing post-assassination rioting in Indianapolis where it was given, though there were riots in many other parts of the country.",
"It is widely considered one of the greatest speeches in American history."
] | [
0
] |
Synopsis | What does the film "The Act of Killing" focus on? | The Act of Killing | false | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"The film focuses on the Indonesian killings of 1965–1966, an anti-communist purge in which more than 500,000 people were killed.",
"When Suharto overthrew Sukarno, the President of Indonesia, following the failed coup of the 30 September Movement in 1965, the gangsters Anwar Congo and Adi Zulkadry in Medan (North Sumatra) were promoted from selling black market movie theatre tickets to leading the most notorious death squad in North Sumatra.",
"They also extorted ethnic Chinese locals, killing those who refused to pay.",
"Anwar personally killed approximately 1,000 people, usually by strangling with wire.",
"Today, Anwar is revered as a founding father of the right-wing paramilitary organization Pemuda Pancasila that grew out of the death squads.",
"The organization is so powerful that its leaders include government ministers, and they are happy to boast about everything from corruption and election rigging to clearing out peasants for land developers and genocide.",
"A regime was founded on crimes against humanity, yet has never been held accountable.",
"Invited by Oppenheimer, Anwar and his friends eagerly re-enact the killings for the cameras, and make dramatic scenes depicting their memories and feelings about the killings.",
"The scenes are produced in the style of their favorite film genres: gangster, western, and musical.",
"Various aspects of Anwar and his friends' filmmaking process are shown, but as they begin to dramatize Anwar's own nightmares, the fiction scenes begin to take over the film's form, leading the film to become increasingly surreal and nightmarish.",
"Oppenheimer has called the result \"a documentary of the imagination\".",
"While some of Anwar's friends realize that the killings were wrong, others worry about the consequences of the story on their public image.",
"Younger members of Pemuda Pancasila argue that they should boast about the horror of the massacres, because their terrifying and threatening force is the basis of their power today.",
"After Anwar plays a victim, he cannot continue.",
"He says that he feels what his victims have felt.",
"Oppenheimer, from behind the camera, points out that it was much worse for the victims, because they knew they were going to be killed, whereas Anwar was only acting.",
"Anwar then expresses doubts over whether he has sinned or not, tearfully saying he does not want the memories of what he did to come back to him.",
"He revisits the rooftop where he claims many of his killings took place, and gags repeatedly.",
"The dancers from the film's theatrical poster are seen before the credits begin to roll."
] | [
0
] |
Middle Ages | Which country occupied Bessarabia in 1812? | Romania | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
20
] | [
"",
"\"Gesta Hungarorum\" mentioned the existence of three voivodeships in Transylvania in the 9th century: the Voivodeship of Gelou, the Voivodeship of Glad and the Voivodeship of Menumorut.",
"The anonymous author describes the first as Vlach.",
"Another voivodeship, ruled by Gyula, was mentioned in the 11th century.",
"A Russian chronicle writes of a plundering raid in 1059 against Transylvania by Cumans and Vlachs.",
"An Old Bulgarian inscription from 1176 attests the existence of a župan Dimitri who ruled over Dobruja in 943.",
"In the Middle Ages, Romanians lived in three distinct principalities: Wallachia ( – \"The Romanian Land\"), Moldavia () and Transylvania ().",
"By the 11th century, Transylvania had become a largely autonomous part of the Kingdom of Hungary.",
"It was independent as the Principality of Transylvania from the 16th century until 1711.",
"In Wallachia and Moldavia, many small local states with varying degrees of independence developed.",
"Only in the 14th century did the larger principalities of Wallachia (1310) and Moldavia (around 1352) emerge to fight the threat of the Ottoman Empire.",
"Both territories inhabited by Romanians achieved their independence from the Hungarian Crown after military conflicts (Battle of Posada, 1330) or social conflicts (Moldavian boyars' revolt against Hungary, 1364) — these historic events being initiated by Basarab I of Wallachia (1310–1352) and Bogdan I of Moldavia (1359–1365).",
"By 1541, the entire Balkan peninsula and most of Hungary had become Ottoman provinces.",
"Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania were under Ottoman suzerainty, preserving partial or full internal autonomy until the mid-19th century (Transylvania until 1699).",
"During this period, in the Romanian lands the feudal system slowly disappeared.",
"A few rulers of territories in what is now Romania distinguished themselves: these rulers include Stephen the Great, Vasile Lupu, and Dimitrie Cantemir in Moldavia; Matei Basarab, Vlad the Impaler, and Constantin Brâncoveanu in Wallachia; and John Hunyadi (\"Ioannes Corvinus\") and Gabriel Bethlen in Transylvania.",
"In 1600, the principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania were simultaneously headed by the Wallachian prince Michael the Brave (\"Mihai Viteazul\"), but the chance for a lasting unification was lost after Mihai was assassinated only one year later.",
"After his death, as vassal tributary states, Moldavia and Wallachia had complete internal autonomy and external independence, which they finally lost in the 18th century.",
"In 1699, Transylvania became a territory of the Habsburgs' Austrian empire following the Austrian victory over the Turks in the Great Turkish War.",
"The Habsburgs in turn expanded their empire in 1718 to include an important part of Wallachia called Oltenia (which was returned only in 1739), and in 1775 to include the northwestern part of Moldavia, later called Bukovina.",
"The eastern half of the Moldavian principality (called Bessarabia) was occupied in 1812 by Russia."
] | [] |
2006–07: Musical beginnings | What tv series did Lights compose for? | Lights (musician) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
4
] | [
"Music career.2006–07: Musical beginnings.",
"Lights was signed at the age of 15.",
"In high school, Lights played guitar and sang in the metal band Shovel Face.",
"Lights started her career being a writer for Sony/ATV Music Publishing.",
"Lights was among the songwriters who composed music for the television series \"Instant Star\".",
"She and Luke McMaster are credited with composing \"Perfect,\" sung in the role of Jude Harrison on the show by Alexz Johnson.",
"In late 2006, she worked with Canadian photographer Marc Lostracco to film her very first music video, \"February Air,\" for a Sony promotion.",
"However, Sony never confirmed with the deal, and it never happened.",
"In 2007, she was discovered by Jian Ghomeshi.",
"He is still her manager."
] | [
0
] |
International broadcasts | On what date did Suburgatory premiere in the country of Sweden? | Suburgatory | true | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"The series has been picked up in Canada by City, where it is simulcast with the ABC broadcasts.",
"In Latin America the series premiered on October 31, 2011 on Warner Channel.",
"The show premiered on January 3 in Sweden on Chanel 5.",
"In the Republic of Ireland the show began broadcasting on RTÉ Two from March 21, 2012 airing Wednesdays at 19:00.",
"In Spain, it premiered on Cosmopolitan TV on January 13, 2012.",
"The series began airing on the Nine Network's GO!",
"Channel in Australia from February 5, 2012 until it was taken off air in 2012/2013 after poor ratings losing to 7TWO, The Comedy Channel from Foxtel now airs the sitcom.",
"It premiered in Serbia on Serbian HBO Comedy on February 27, 2012, the Serbian name of the show is \"Čistilište u predgrađu\".",
"It also premiered in Poland on Polish HBO Comedy, on February 27, 2012, as \"Podmiejski czyściec\" (\"Suburban Purgatory\").",
"The show began airing in New Zealand on TV2 on February 14, 2012.",
"In the United Kingdom, \"Suburgatory\" started airing on Channel 4's digital channel E4 from July 17, 2012.",
"For Germany, ProSiebenSat.1 has picked up the series and will start airing it on Wednesday nights beginning on August 29.",
"It is also shown in Denmark on TV2 Zulu.",
"In Portugal, it was aired Monday to Friday, at 18:30, from November 22, 2012 until December 21, 2012 on RTP2.",
"In Brazil, the show premiered on January 3, 2013 at 3:30 AM in the SBT.",
"In Greece the show premiered on July 15, 2013 on Star Channel airing Monday to Friday at 2:30 PM, airing the first 2 Seasons.",
"In India, the show started airing on Star World from January 16, 2014."
] | [
0
] |
Location and setting | What county's area code is referenced in the Suburgatory? | Suburgatory | false | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"The series takes place in the fictional town of Chatswin.",
"The onscreen map animation displayed in the opening credits zooms in on the affluent New York City suburbs of southern Westchester County as the geographic location of \"Chatswin\".",
"The Westchester County 914 area code is also referenced in the show.",
"The use of the 10805 postal code of the New Rochelle community, as the Chatswin postal code of main character George Altman signifies it as being the fictional town's true location.",
"The series takes its title from \"Suburgatory: Twisted Tales from Darkest Suburbia\", a book by former CNN Senior Producer Linda Keenan, based in part on her experiences after she moved from New York City to three affluent suburbs, the first of which was in Westchester County.",
"The book, released on October 11, 2011, thirteen days after the show premiered, is described on the front cover as \"The Title behind the ABC Sitcom\"."
] | [
0
] |
Ming era | When was the great wall concept revived | Great Wall of China | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"The Great Wall concept was revived again during the Ming Dynasty in the 14th century, and following the Ming army's defeat by the Oirats in the Battle of Tumu.",
"The Ming had failed to gain a clear upper hand over the Manchurian and Mongolian tribes after successive battles, and the long-drawn conflict was taking a toll on the empire.",
"The Ming adopted a new strategy to keep the nomadic tribes out by constructing walls along the northern border of China.",
"Acknowledging the Mongol control established in the Ordos Desert, the wall followed the desert's southern edge instead of incorporating the bend of the Yellow River.",
"Unlike the earlier fortifications, the Ming construction was stronger and more elaborate due to the use of bricks and stone instead of rammed earth.",
"Up to 25,000 watchtowers are estimated to have been constructed on the wall.",
"As Mongol raids continued periodically over the years, the Ming devoted considerable resources to repair and reinforce the walls.",
"Sections near the Ming capital of Beijing were especially strong.",
"Qi Jiguang between 1567 and 1570 also repaired and reinforced the wall, faced sections of the ram-earth wall with bricks and constructed 1,200 watchtowers from Shanhaiguan Pass to Changping to warn of approaching Mongol raiders.",
"During the 1440s–1460s, the Ming also built a so-called \"Liaodong Wall\".",
"Similar in function to the Great Wall (whose extension, in a sense, it was), but more basic in construction, the Liaodong Wall enclosed the agricultural heartland of the Liaodong province, protecting it against potential incursions by Jurched-Mongol Oriyanghan from the northwest and the Jianzhou Jurchens from the north.",
"While stones and tiles were used in some parts of the Liaodong Wall, most of it was in fact simply an earth dike with moats on both sides.",
"Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall helped defend the empire against the Manchu invasions that began around 1600.",
"Even after the loss of all of Liaodong, the Ming army held the heavily fortified Shanhaiguan pass, preventing the Manchus from conquering the Chinese heartland.",
"The Manchus were finally able to cross the Great Wall in 1644, after Beijing had already fallen to Li Zicheng's rebels.",
"Before this time, the Manchus had crossed the Great Wall multiple times to raid, but this time it was for conquest.",
"The gates at Shanhaiguan were opened by the commanding Ming general Wu Sangui on May 25 who formed an alliance with the Manchus, hoping to use the Manchus to expel the rebels from Beijing.",
"The Manchus quickly seized Beijing, and defeated both the rebel-founded Shun Dynasty and the remaining Ming resistance, establishing the Qing Dynasty rule over all of China.",
"Under Qing rule, China's borders extended beyond the walls and Mongolia was annexed into the empire, so constructions on the Great Wall were discontinued.",
"On the other hand, the so-called Willow Palisade, following a line similar to that of the Ming Liaodong Wall, was constructed by the Qing rulers in Manchuria.",
"Its purpose, however, was not defense but rather migration control."
] | [
2
] |
Critical reception | What hip-hop artist produced the album "Take Care?" | Take Care (album) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
14
] | [
"",
"\"Take Care\" received generally positive reviews from music critics.",
"At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 78, based on 34 reviews.",
"John McDonnell of \"NME\" dubbed it \"an affecting masterpiece\" and commended its \"delicate, mellifluous sound and unashamedly candid, emotive lyrics.\"",
"Pitchfork Media's Ryan Dombal found Drake's \"technical abilities\" to be improved and stated, \"Just as his thematic concerns have become richer, so has the music backing them up.\"",
"Andy Hutchins of \"The Village Voice\" called it \"a carefully crafted bundle of contradictory sentiments from a conflicted rapper who explores his own neuroses in as compelling a manner as anyone not named Kanye West.\"",
"\"Chicago Tribune\" writer Greg Kot complimented the depth of Drake's \"moral psychodramas\" and stated, \"the best of it affirms that Drake is shaping a pop persona with staying power.",
"\"Nitsuh Abebe of \"New York\" wrote that the album \"is full of gorgeous tones ... And the lyrics surrounding them can be rich with meaning\".",
"Evan Rytlewski of \"The A.V.",
"Club\" found it \"plenty downbeat, but gorgeous, an immersive headphone masterwork that's tender and intimate like little else in contemporary rap and R&B.\"",
"Ann Powers of NPR felt that \"the artfulness of this music allows me an in to that experience.",
"I can make that leap and identify with Drake, or at least be intrigued by multiple characters in the little dramas he designs.\"",
"Jon Caramanica of \"The New York Times\" called it \"an album of eccentric black pop that takes\" hip hop and R&B \"as starting points, asks what they can do but haven’t been doing, then attempts those things.",
"In the future an album like this will be commonplace; today, it’s radical.\"",
"With \"Take Care\", he named Drake \"hip-hop's current center of gravity\".",
"In a mixed review, Kyle Anderson of \"Entertainment Weekly\" panned its content as \"one overlong woozy monologue\" and called the album a \"total downer\", adding that \"Drake half-bakes his woozy rap-croon and glazes it with sluggish keyboard hums, stalling the album’s momentum\".",
"Alex Macpherson of \"The Guardian\" found his singing \"insipid\", his rapping \"inert\", and his lyrics \"hollow\", writing that \"he doesn't seem to realise that introspection is only worth a damn if you're an interesting person.\"",
"\"The Globe and Mail\"s Robert Everett-Green criticized Drake's lyrics as \"drawling patter\" and found the songs to \"noodle around [...] aimlessly\"."
] | [
0
] |
Art market | In which year did Moore set a $4.1 million record? | Henry Moore | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"By the end of his career, Moore was the world's most successful living artist at auction.",
"In 1982, four years before his death, Sotheby's in New York sold a 6 ft \"Reclining Figure\" (1945), for $1.2 million to collector Wendell Cherry.",
"Although a first record of $4.1 million was set in 1990, Moore's market slumped during the recession that followed.",
"His eight-foot bronze, \"Reclining Figure: Festival\" (1951) sold for a record £19.1 million at Christie's, making him the second most expensive 20th-century British artist after Francis Bacon."
] | [] |
Abstract | What kind of power is Egypt considered as? | Egypt | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"Egypt ( \"\"), is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.",
"Most of its territory of lies within the Nile Valley of North Africa and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.",
"With over 86 million inhabitants, Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East, and the 15th-most populated in the world.",
"The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about , where the only arable land is found.",
"The large regions of the Sahara Desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited.",
"About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.",
"Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern state, having been continuously inhabited since the 10th millennium BC.",
"Its monuments, such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, were constructed by its ancient civilization, which was one of the most powerful of its time and one of the first six civilizations to arise independently in the world.",
"Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings outside Luxor, are a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest from around the world.",
"Egypt's rich cultural legacy, as well as the attraction of its Red Sea Riviera, have made tourism a vital part of the economy, employing about 12 percent of the country's workforce.",
"The economy of Egypt is one of the most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at almost equal production levels.",
"Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world."
] | [
0
] |
Culture | How many Japanese sites have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List? | Japan | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"Japanese culture has evolved greatly from its origins.",
"Contemporary culture combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America.",
"Traditional Japanese arts include crafts such as ceramics, textiles, lacquerware, swords and dolls; performances of bunraku, kabuki, noh, dance, and rakugo; and other practices, the tea ceremony, ikebana, martial arts, calligraphy, origami, onsen, Geisha and games.",
"Japan has a developed system for the protection and promotion of both tangible and intangible Cultural Properties and National Treasures.",
"Sixteen sites have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, twelve of which are of cultural significance."
] | [
5
] |
Estonia – the first demonstrations | On what date was there a demonstration by Estonian youth? | Dissolution of the Soviet Union | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"In spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia.",
"Signatures were collected and in Tartu, students assembled in the university's main hall to express their lack of confidence in the government.",
"At the 1st May 1987 demonstration, young people showed up bearing banners and slogans, despite a ban against such actions.",
"On 15 August 1987, former political prisoners formed the MRP-AEG group (Estonians for the Public Disclosure of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), which was headed by Tiit Madisson.",
"In September 1987, the Edasi newspaper published a proposal by Edgar Savisaar, Siim Kallas, Tiit Made and Mikk Titma calling for Estonia to make the transition to autonomy.",
"Initially geared toward economic independence, then toward a certain amount of political autonomy, the project, Isemajandav Eesti (A Self-Managing Estonia) became known according to its Estonian acronym, IME, which means \"miracle\".",
"On 21 October, a demonstration dedicated to those who gave their lives in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence took place in Võru, which culminated in a conflict with the militia.",
"For the first time in years, the blue, black and white national tricolor was publicly visible."
] | [
0
] |
Curry in South Africa and a few other | What places enoy eating "Bunny Chow"? | Curry | true | 9FOOD
| [
7
] | [
" in South Africa and a few other.",
"African curries, Cape Malay curries and Natal curries including the Traditional Natal Curry, the Durban curry, the Bunny chow and Roti Rolls.",
"The history of South African curries go back as far as 250 years ago when the first Indians arrived on the shores of the Natal Colony, well before the boom of British Curries.",
"Durban has the largest single population of Indians outside of India and as a result have been developing traditional Natal curries ever since.",
"Natal curries are mostly based on South Indian dishes and mostly consist of simple spiced lamb and chicken dishes (with large amounts of ghee and oils) to very complex and elaborate seafood, chicken and lamb specialities (the chicken and prawn curry is a Natal favourite).",
"European recipes have also evolved alongside Indian South African curries.",
"European versions use mainly traditional recipes with the addition of red wine, milk, cream, vanilla or butter instead of ghee.",
"The famous Bunny chow, a South African standard, has spread in popularity throughout the country, into other southern African countries and countries with large South African immigrant populations.",
"It consists of either lamb, chicken or bean curry poured into a tunnelled out loaf of bread to be eaten with one's fingers.",
"The roti roll is another classic take-away curry that could either be a curry in a very flat roti bread (similar to a kebab bread) or the classic \"Chip, cheese and curry\" roll which basically consists of fried chips with melted cheese and the gravy of your favourite curry rolled into a roti roll.",
" Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga: Generally known as \"kare\" or \"kale,\" the spice is a popular ingredient in curried lamb, mutton, and chicken stew.",
"Often prepared with coconut milk and accompanied by rice or taro.",
" Ethiopia: Wat, a thick, heavily spiced stew.",
" Germany: Currywurst.",
" Central Africa: Groundnut stew, though not technically a curry, is a similar style",
" Central Europe: Goulash is a spicy stew or soup usually made with paprika, garlic, potatoes, beef or pork and dill.",
"Not served with rice.",
" Mexico: Mole, which also originally meant sauce, features different regional variations and combinations of chilies, spices, and chocolate.",
"Curry powder is used as an incidental ingredient in other cuisines, including for example a \"curry sauce\" (\"sauce au curry\", sometimes even \"au cari\") variation of the classic French béchamel."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Cake is what type of food? | Cake | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Cake is a form of bread or bread-like food.",
"In its modern forms, it is typically a sweet baked dessert.",
"In its oldest forms, cakes were normally fried breads or cheesecakes, and normally had a disk shape.",
"Determining whether a given food should be classified as bread, cake, or pastry can be difficult.",
"Modern cake, especially layer cakes, normally contain a combination of flour, sugar, eggs, and butter or oil, with some varieties also requiring liquid (typically milk or water) and leavening agents (such as yeast or baking powder).",
"Flavorful ingredients like fruit purées, nuts, dried or candied fruit, or extracts are often added, and numerous substitutions for the primary ingredients are possible.",
"Cakes are often filled with fruit preserves or dessert sauces (like pastry cream), iced with buttercream or other icings, and decorated with marzipan, piped borders or candied fruit.",
"Cake is often the dessert of choice for meals at ceremonial occasions, particularly weddings, anniversaries, and birthdays.",
"There are countless cake recipes; some are bread-like, some rich and elaborate, and many are centuries old.",
"Cake making is no longer a complicated procedure; while at one time considerable labor went into cake making (particularly the whisking of egg foams), baking equipment and directions have been simplified so that even the most amateur cook may bake a cake."
] | [
0
] |
Sports | When did Thailand host the first international 80 kg welterweight rugby tournament? | Thailand | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
8
] | [
"Muay Thai (Thai: มวยไทย, RTGS: Muai Thai, , lit.",
"\"Thai boxing\") is a native form of kickboxing and Thailand's national sport.",
"It incorporates kicks, punches, knees and elbow strikes in a ring with gloves similar to those used in Western boxing and this has led to Thailand gaining medals at the Olympic Games in boxing.",
"Takraw (Thai: ตะกร้อ) is a sport native to Thailand, which the players hit a rattan ball and only be allowed to use their feet, knees, chest and head to touch the ball.",
"Sepak takraw is a form of this sport which appears in volleyball style, the players must volley a ball over a net and force it to hit the ground on opponent's side.",
"It is a popular in other countries in Southeast Asia also.",
"A rather similar game but played only with the feet is Buka ball.",
"Rugby is also a growing sport in Thailand with the Thailand national rugby union team rising to be ranked 61st in the world.",
"Thailand became the first country in the world to host an international 80 kg welterweight rugby tournament in 2005.",
"The national domestic Thailand Rugby Union (TRU) competition includes several universities and services teams such as Chulalongkorn University, Mahasarakham University, Kasetsart University, Prince of Songkla University, Thammasat University, Rangsit University, the Thai Police, the Thai Army, the Thai Navy and the Royal Thai Air Force.",
"Local sports clubs which also compete in the TRU include the British Club of Bangkok, the Southerners Sports Club (Bangkok) and the Royal Bangkok Sports Club.",
"Thailand has been called the Golf Capital of Asia as it is a popular destination for golf.",
"The country attracts a large number of golfers from Japan, Korea, Singapore, South Africa and Western countries who come to play golf in Thailand every year.",
"The growing popularity of golf, especially among the middle classes and expats, is evident since there are more than 200 world-class golf courses nationwide, and some of them are chosen to host PGA and LPGA tournaments, such as Amata Spring Country Club, Alpine Golf & Sports Club, Thai Country Club and Black Mountain Golf Club.",
"Basketball is also a growing sport in Thailand, especially on the professional sports club level.",
"The Chang Thailand Slammers won the 2011 Asean Basketball League Championship.",
"The Thailand national basketball team had its most successful year at the 1966 Asian Games where it won the silver medal.",
"Other sports in Thailand are slowly growing as the country develops its sporting infrastructure.",
"The success in sports like weightlifting and Taekwondo at the last two Summer Olympic Games has demonstrated that boxing is no longer the only medal chance for Thailand."
] | [
2
] |
Season 5 | What was Leslie's answer to Ben's proposal? | Parks and Recreation | false | 1TV
| [
6,
7
] | [
"Ben flourishes in his new job on a congressional campaign in Washington DC, as does April who he brought along as an intern.",
"Leslie and Andy visit Ben and April, and Leslie begins to feel self conscious about her small town job.",
"Leslie begins working as a City Councillor, but finds opposition in her fellow councilmen, particularly Councilman Jamm, who becomes her arch enemy.",
"Andy begins training to become a cop with help from Chris.",
"Tom tries to find a new business idea.",
"Ron meets Diane, a woman who needs help fixing a pothole, and begins dating her despite being intimidated by her two young daughters.",
"Jennifer offers Ben a job on another campaign in Florida, much to Leslie's displeasure, but Ben turns it down and returns to Pawnee, surprising Leslie by proposing to her.",
"She happily says yes.",
"Ben's divorced parents come to their engagement party and argue the whole time.",
"April proposes turning Lot 48 into a dog park, which bothers Leslie, but they compromise.",
"Tom starts a business renting high end clothing to teenagers.",
"Ben wants to bring in an architect from Eagleton to help with the park, now called the Pawnee Commons, which is hard for Leslie to accept.",
"Ann decides she's ready to be a single mom and begins searching for sperm donors.",
"Leslie and Ben plan a fundraising event for the Pawnee Commons, and decide to have an impromptu wedding that night.",
"When Jamm ruins the ceremony, Ron punches him, and the wedding recommences in City Hall.",
"Andy finds out he failed the cop test.",
"Ann, seeing Chris console Andy in a fatherly way, decides she would like to have her baby with him.",
"Leslie continues pushing forward with much resistance from Jamm.",
"Ben gets a job with Sweetums, heading their charity foundation, and hires Andy as an assistant.",
"Jerry retires from the Parks Department but comes back to work a few hours per week.",
"A mystery person rips off Tom's business idea and offers to buy his business off of him.",
"Angry locals, led by Jamm, call for Leslie to be recalled from office.",
"Andy goes on a hunt to find out who is pregnant, and it is revealed to be Diane."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | When did they start building the Great Wall of China? | Great Wall of China | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces.",
"Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall.",
"Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang.",
"Little of that wall remains.",
"Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall are from the Ming Dynasty.",
"Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration.",
"Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.",
"The main Great Wall line stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east, to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.",
"A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure .",
"This is made up of sections of actual wall, of trenches and of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.",
"Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be ."
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | Who is the writer of The Kid with a Bike? | The Kid with a Bike | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"The Kid with a Bike () is a 2011 drama film written and directed by the Belgian brothers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, starring Thomas Doret and Cécile de France.",
"Set in Seraing, it tells the story of a 12-year-old boy who turns to a woman for comfort after his father has abandoned him.",
"The film was produced through companies in Belgium, France and Italy.",
"While it does not deviate from the naturalistic style of the Dardenne brothers' earlier works, a brighter aesthetic than usual was employed, and the screenplay had a structure inspired by fairy tales.",
"Unusually for a film by the directors, it also uses music.",
"It premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was co-winner of the festival's Grand Prix."
] | [
3
] |
Background and release | The track "As Long as You Love Me" what released when? | As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
11
] | [
"In late 2011, Bieber confirmed to radio network Capital FM that he was recording material for his third studio album, which was originally going to be released in early 2012.",
"He later spoke to MTV News and revealed that \"Believe\" would surprise people in different ways, since it musically is a departure from his previous works.",
"While Bieber has said that he wants his next release to recall Justin Timberlake's Future Sex/Love Sounds sonically, in an interview with V magazine, he noted that what he'll be singing is a bit more PG than the topics Timberlake covered on that album.",
"\"I'm not going to try to conform to what people want me to be or go out there and start partying, have people see me with alcohol.",
"I want to do it at my own pace.",
"I don't want to start singing about things like sex, drugs and swearing.",
"I'm into love, and maybe I'll get more into making love when I'm older.",
"But I want to be someone who is respected by everybody.",
"\"After releasing \"Boyfriend\" as the lead single, Bieber announced that he will release promotional singles to promote \"Believe\".",
"The first promotional single \"Die in Your Arms\" was released to iTunes on May 29, 2012.",
"The second \"All Around The World\" was released on iTunes on June 4, 2012.",
"\"As Long as You Love Me\" was released on June 11, 2012, as the third and final promotional single.",
"The cover art for \"As Long as You Love Me\" shows Bieber perched on a wooden bed, holding an acoustic guitar.",
"Sia Nicole of \"Idolator expressed dissatisfaction with the cover, saying \"It’s false advertising for the high-fidelity track that has nary a strum within earshot.\"",
"On June 13, Bieber shared a clip of the recording process for \"As Long As You Love Me.\"",
"The video shows Bieber with his signature swooped bangs, in the studio recording and laying down the vocals on the song.",
"A slightly shorter version of the song, without Big Sean's rap verse, with Bieber singing new lines, known as the 'international version' appeared online in August, 2012.",
"It was released in full quality October 23, 2012."
] | [
2,
0
] |
Chemistry as science | Who discovered a better understanding of valence bonding? | Chemistry | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
16
] | [
" as science.",
"Under the influence of the new empirical methods propounded by Sir Francis Bacon and others, a group of chemists at Oxford, Robert Boyle, Robert Hooke and John Mayow began to reshape the old alchemical traditions into a scientific discipline.",
"Boyle in particular is regarded as the founding father of chemistry due to his most important work, the classic chemistry text \"The Sceptical Chymist\" where the differentiation is made between the claims of alchemy and the empirical scientific discoveries of the new chemistry.",
"He formulated Boyle's law, rejected the classical \"four elements\" and proposed a mechanistic alternative of atoms and chemical reactions that could be subject to rigorous experiment.",
"The theory of phlogiston (a substance at the root of all combustion) was propounded by the German Georg Ernst Stahl in the early 18th century and was only overturned by the end of the century by the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, the chemical analogue of Newton in physics; who did more than any other to establish the new science on proper theoretical footing, by elucidating the principle of conservation of mass and developing a new system of chemical nomenclature used to this day.",
"Prior to his work, though, many important discoveries had been made, specifically relating to the nature of 'air' which was discovered to be composed of many different gases.",
"The Scottish chemist Joseph Black (the first experimental chemist) and the Dutchman J.",
"B. van Helmont discovered carbon dioxide, or what Black called 'fixed air' in 1754; Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen and elucidated its properties and Joseph Priestley and, independently, Carl Wilhelm Scheele isolated pure oxygen.",
"English scientist John Dalton proposed the modern theory of atoms; that all substances are composed of indivisible 'atoms' of matter and that different atoms have varying atomic weights.",
"The development of the electrochemical theory of chemical combinations occurred in the early 19th century as the result of the work of two scientists in particular, J. J. Berzelius and Humphry Davy, made possible by the prior invention of the voltaic pile by Alessandro Volta.",
"Davy discovered nine new elements including the alkali metals by extracting them from their oxides with electric current.",
"British William Prout first proposed ordering all the elements by their atomic weight as all atoms had a weight that was an exact multiple of the atomic weight of hydrogen.",
"J.",
"A. R. Newlands devised an early table of elements, which was then developed into the modern periodic table of elements by the German Julius Lothar Meyer and the Russian Dmitri Mendeleev in the 1860s.",
"The inert gases, later called the noble gases were discovered by William Ramsay in collaboration with Lord Rayleigh at the end of the century, thereby filling in the basic structure of the table.",
"Organic chemistry was developed by Justus von Liebig and others, following Friedrich Wöhler's synthesis of urea which proved that living organisms were, in theory, reducible to chemistry.",
"Other crucial 19th century advances were; an understanding of valence bonding (Edward Frankland in 1852) and the application of thermodynamics to chemistry (J. W. Gibbs and Svante Arrhenius in the 1870s)."
] | [
3
] |
Merchandise | Who partnered with CafePress to provide online merchandise? | Grey's Anatomy | false | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"ABC has partnered with CafePress and Barco Uniforms to provide branded merchandise through an online store.",
"The products available include shirts, sweatshirts, kitchen-ware, home-ware, and bags, with the \"Grey's Anatomy\" logo on it.",
"Also available are custom unisex scrubs and lab coats in a variety of colors and sizes, designed by Barco.",
"The merchandise released by ABC is available for purchase at the \"Grey's Anatomy\" official website, and US$1 from every purchase to Barco's Nightingales Foundation.",
"Five volumes of the \"Grey's Anatomy Original Soundtrack\" have been released as of 2011.",
"For the first two seasons, the show's main title theme was an excerpt from \"Cosy in the Rocket\", by British duo Psapp; it is featured on the first soundtrack album released via ABC's corporate cousin, Hollywood Records, on September 27, 2005.",
"The second soundtrack, featuring songs from the series' second season, was released on September 12, 2006, followed by a third soundtrack with music from the third season.",
"Following the seventh season musical episode \"Song Beneath the Song\", \"\"Grey's Anatomy\": The Music Event\" soundtrack was released, with volume four of the soundtrack released subsequently.",
"In January 2009, Ubisoft announced that it had signed a licensing agreement with ABC Studios to develop a video game based on \"Grey's Anatomy\".",
"Designed for the Wii, Nintendo DS, and PC, \"\" was released on March 10, 2009.",
"The game allows the player to assume the role of one of the main characters, making decisions for the character's personal and professional life, and competing in a number of minigames.",
"It has been criticized by reviewers because of the simplicity of the mini-games and voice actors who do not play the same characters on the series, with Jason Ocampo of \"IGN\" giving it a 6.0 out of 10 overall rating.",
"ABC and Nielsen partnered in 2011 to create a \"Grey Anatomy\" application for Apple's iPad.",
"The application was designed to allow viewers to participate in polls and learn trivial facts as they watch a live episode.",
"It uses Nielsen's Media-Sync software to listen for the episode and to post features as the episode progresses."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | What is the Great Wall of China made of? | Great Wall of China | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces.",
"Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall.",
"Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang.",
"Little of that wall remains.",
"Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall are from the Ming Dynasty.",
"Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration.",
"Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.",
"The main Great Wall line stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east, to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.",
"A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure .",
"This is made up of sections of actual wall, of trenches and of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.",
"Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be ."
] | [
0
] |
Schrödinger gas model | What was suggested to Schrodinger by Einstein? | Albert Einstein | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Einstein suggested to Erwin Schrödinger that he might be able to reproduce the statistics of a Bose–Einstein gas by considering a box.",
"Then to each possible quantum motion of a particle in a box associate an independent harmonic oscillator.",
"Quantizing these oscillators, each level will have an integer occupation number, which will be the number of particles in it.",
"This formulation is a form of second quantization, but it predates modern quantum mechanics.",
"Erwin Schrödinger applied this to derive the thermodynamic properties of a semiclassical ideal gas.",
"Schrödinger urged Einstein to add his name as co-author, although Einstein declined the invitation."
] | [
0
] |
Germany | What are they called in middle Germany? | Doughnut | false | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"In parts of Germany, the doughnut equivalents are called \"Berliner\" (sg.",
"and pl.",
"), but not in the capital city of Berlin itself and neighboring areas, where they are called \"Pfannkuchen\" (which is often found misleading by people in the rest of Germany, who use the word Pfannkuchen to describe a pancake, which is also the literal translation of it).",
"In middle Germany, they are called \"Kreppel\" or \"Pfannkuchen\".",
"In southern Germany, they are also called \"Krapfen\" and are especially popular during Carnival season (\"Karneval\"/\"Fasching\") in southern and middle Germany and on New Year's Eve in northern Germany.",
"\"Berliner\" do not have the typical ring shape, but instead are solid and usually filled with jam, while a ring-shaped variant called \"Kameruner\" is common in Berlin and eastern Germany.",
"\"Bismarcks\" and \"Berlin doughnuts\" are also found in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland and the U.S. Today, American style doughnuts are also available in Germany, but are less popular than their native counterparts."
] | [
0
] |
Background | What place was Kennedy in the race after the Califronia primary? | Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
12
] | [
"Kennedy visited the British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 and wrote dispatches at the time for the \"Boston Post\" about his trip and the effect it had on him when he was twenty-two years old.",
"During his stay, he wrote that he grew to admire the Jewish inhabitants of the area.",
"As a Senator, he later became a strong supporter and advocate for Israel.",
"Kennedy was United States Attorney General from January 1961 until September 3, 1964, when he resigned to run for election to the United States Senate.",
"He took office as Senator from New York on January 3, 1965.",
"The run up to the 1968 presidential election saw the incumbent president, Lyndon B. Johnson, serving during a period of social unrest.",
"There were riots in the major cities despite Johnson's attempts to introduce anti-poverty and anti-discrimination legislation, and there was significant opposition to the ongoing military action in Vietnam.",
"The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4, 1968 led to further riots across the US.",
"Kennedy entered the race for the Democratic Party's nomination for president on March 16, 1968—four days after Senator Eugene McCarthy received a large percentage of the vote in the New Hampshire primary against the incumbent President (42% to Johnson's 49%).",
"Two weeks later, a demoralized Johnson announced he was no longer seeking re-election.",
"One month later, Vice President Hubert Humphrey announced he would seek the presidency.",
"Humphrey did not participate in any primaries but he did obtain the support of many Democratic Party delegates.",
"Following the California primary, Kennedy was in second place with 393 delegates compared to Humphrey's 561."
] | [
0
] |
Interpretation | When was Seurat's "Bathers at Asnières" completed? | A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Seurat's painting was a mirror of \"Bathers at Asnières\", completed shortly before in 1884.",
"While the bathers are doused in light, almost every figure on \"La Grande Jatte\" appears to be cast in shadow, either under trees or an umbrella, or from another person.",
"Some of the characters are doing curious things.",
"The lady on the right hand side has a monkey on a leash.",
"A lady on the left near the river bank is fishing.",
"The area was known at the time as being a place to procure prostitutes among the bourgeousie, a likely allusion of the otherwise odd \"fishing\" rod.",
"In the painting's center stands a little girl dressed in white (who is not in a shadow), who stares directly at the viewer of the painting.",
"This may be interpreted as someone who is silently questioning the audience, \"what will become of these people, and their class?\"",
"Seurat paints their prospects bleakly, cloaked as they are in shadow and suspicion of sin.",
"The border of the painting is, unusually, in inverted color, as if the world around them is also slowly inverting from the way of life they have known.",
"Seen in this context, the boy who bathes on the other side of the river bank at Asnières appears to be calling out to them, as if to say \"we are the future, come and join us\"."
] | [
2
] |
Alleged copyright infringement | Who filed a lawsuit against Fox Broadcasting Company on 10/24/2006? | Prison Break | false | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"On October 24, 2006, the Associated Press reported that Donald and Robert Hughes filed a lawsuit against Fox Broadcasting Company and the show's executive producer and creator, Paul Scheuring, for copyright infringement, seeking unspecified damages and other costs.",
"They claimed that in 2001, they had sent Fox their manuscript which was based on their own experiences of a prison break at a juvenile facility.",
"In the 1960s, Donald Hughes planned and successfully executed a prison escape for his brother, Robert Hughes, who was wrongfully incarcerated."
] | [
3
] |
Events | Did Hitler blame Mussolini for his own failure? | Operation Barbarossa | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"Looking back near the end of the war, as Germany's inevitable and impending defeat loomed ever closer, Hitler attributed great blame to Mussolini's Greek fiasco as the cause of his own subsequent catastrophe.",
"Shirer argues that the fatal decision of the operation was the postponement from the original date of 15 May because Hitler wanted to intervene against an anti-German coup in Yugoslavia and Greek advances against Italy's occupation of Albania.",
"As an explanation of Germany's calamitous defeat in the Soviet Union, this had little to commend it.",
"But, although the diversion of German resources into Greece just prior to the attack on the Soviet Union scarcely helped the latter enterprise, Mussolini's foolishness did not undermine 'Barbarossa' before the operation started.",
"During the campaign, Hitler ordered the main thrust toward Moscow to be diverted southward to help the Southern Army Group capture Ukraine.",
"This move delayed the assault on the Soviet capital, though it also helped secure Army Group Center's southern flank.",
"By the time they turned to Moscow, the Red Army's fierce resistance, the mud following the autumn rains and, eventually, snow, brought their advance to a halt.",
"In addition, resistance by the Soviets, who proclaimed a \"Great Patriotic War\" in defense of the motherland, was much more fierce than the German command had expected.",
"The border fortress of Brest, Belarus illustrates that tenacity: attacked on the very first day of the German invasion, the fortress was expected to fall within hours, but held out over a week.",
"(Soviet propaganda later asserted it held out for six weeks).",
"German logistics also became a major problem, as supply lines grew very long and vulnerable to partisan attacks in the rear.",
"The Soviets also carried out a scorched earth policy on some of the land they were forced to abandon in order to deny the Germans food, fuel and buildings.",
"Despite the setbacks, the German advance continued, often destroying or surrounding whole armies of Soviet troops and forcing them to surrender.",
"The battle for Kiev was especially brutal.",
"On 19 September, Army Group South seized control of Kiev, and took 665,000 prisoners.",
"Kiev was later awarded the title Hero City for its defense.",
"Army Group North, which was to conquer the Baltic countries and eventually Leningrad, reached the southern outskirts of Leningrad by August 1941.",
"There, fierce Soviet resistance stopped it.",
"Since capturing the city seemed too costly, German command decided to starve the city to death by blockade, starting the Siege of Leningrad.",
"The city held out, despite several attempts by the Germans to break through its defenses, unrelenting air and artillery attacks, and severe shortages of food and fuel, until the Germans were driven back from the city's approaches in early 1944.",
"The siege resulted in the deaths of some one million of the city's inhabitants.",
"Leningrad was the first Soviet city to receive the title of 'Hero City'.",
"In addition to the main attacks of \"Barbarossa\", German forces occupied the Finnish district of Petsamo in order to secure its important nickel mines.",
"They also launched a series of attacks against Murmansk beginning on 28 June 1941, known as Operation Silberfuchs."
] | [] |
Production | What was the budget for principal photography? | The Cabin in the Woods | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"With a production budget of $30 million, principal photography began on March 9, 2009 in Vancouver, and concluded in May 2009.",
"Joss Whedon co-wrote the script with \"Cloverfield\" screenwriter Drew Goddard, who also directed the film, marking his directorial debut.",
"Goddard previously worked with Whedon on \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and \"Angel\" as a writer.",
"In November 2010, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, but the film was still released as one of MGM's last pre-Spyglass films in development.",
"Whedon described the film as an attempt to revitalize the horror genre which he, along with director/co-writer Goddard, felt had \"devolved\" with the introduction of \"torture porn\".",
"He called it a \"loving hate letter\" to the genre, continuing:Concerning the sheer number of creatures to be designed and made for the film, AFX Studio's David LeRoy Anderson estimated that \"close to a thousand\" people were turned into one of around 60 different monster types.",
"The task necessitated renting a much larger facility to use as a workspace, as a crew of around 60 people were recruited.",
"The producers told them to commence work on December 15, 2008, ahead of the official January 1, 2009 start date.",
"They only completed the work by the March 9, 2009 production date because, as Anderson stated \"We had nearly seventy people at peak, but in effect we had a hundred and forty people, because everybody had at least two jobs...it was crazy, but people had an incredible time...none of us are ever going to forget it, and we're never all going to be in the same room again.",
"\"The underground complex, elevators, and the control room were all sets, but for several wide shots, the British Columbia Institute of Technology's Aerospace building was used.",
"Production designer Martin Whist referenced Stanley Kubrick and commented: \"It's very high-tech industrial, and it's a brand new building, never been shot in before...I wanted elevators to be without any controls...to almost feel like a glamorized freight elevator...",
"The lobby I wanted to look slightly utilitarian, contemporary and institutional...sharp and almost characterless.\"",
"Goddard called the control room \"mission control at NASA\", with production design aimed at grounding the room's look in the reality of governments and institutions."
] | [
0
] |
Soviet Union centre – one-party democracy | When was Yeltsin fired from his position as the First Secretary of the Moscow Community party? | Dissolution of the Soviet Union | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
22
] | [
"Soviet Union centre – one-party democracy.",
"At the 28–30 January 1987 Central Committee Plenum Mikhail Gorbachev suggested a new policy of 'democratization' throughout Soviet society.",
"Specifically he suggested that future Communist Party elections should offer a choice between multiple candidates, elected by secret ballot, however the CPSU delegates at the Plenum watered down Gorbachev's words and democratic choice within the Communist Party was never significantly implemented.",
"In addition Gorbachev radically expanded the scope of Glasnost stating that no subject was off limits for open discussion within the media, although the cautious intelligensia took almost a year to begin pushing the boundaries to see if he meant what he said.",
"For the first time, the Communist Party leader, speaking at the Plenum of the Central Committee, appealed over the heads of its members for the people's support in exchange for a dramatic expansion of liberties.",
"The tactic proved successful in that within two years political reform was invulnerable to the party 'conservatives', the unintended consequence was that having saved reform, the January 1987 choice, ultimately killed the very system it was designed to save.",
"On 7 February 1987 dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since the Khrushchev years in the 1950s.",
"On May 6, 1987 Pamyat, a Russian Nationalist group, held an unsanctioned demonstration in Moscow.",
"The authorities not only did not break up the demonstration by force—but later, the police kept traffic out of the demonstrators' way while they marched to an impromptu meeting with Boris Yeltsin, head of the Moscow Communist Party, and at that time one of Mikhail Gorbachev's closest allies in the ruling Politburo.",
"On July 25, 1987 a group of 300 Crimean Tatars, calling for the right to return to the Crimean homeland from which they were deported in 1944, staged a noisy demonstration for several hours near the Kremlin Wall as dozens of police and soldiers looked on.",
"On 10 September 1987, after a lecture from hard-liner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing two small unsanctioned demonstrations on Moscow streets, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev who was holidaying on the Black Sea.",
"When Gorbachev received the letter he was stunned – nobody in Soviet history had voluntarily resigned from the ranks of the Politburo.",
"At the October 27, 1987 plenary meeting of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Yeltsin, frustrated that Gorbachev had not addressed any of the issues outlined in his resignation letter asked to speak.",
"He expressed his discontent with both the slow pace of reform in society, the servility shown to the General Secretary, and opposition to him from Ligachev making his position untenable, before requesting to resign from the Politburo.",
"This was sensational.",
"Besides the fact that nobody had ever quit the Politburo, no one in the party had ever had the audacity to address a leader of the party in such a manner in front of the Central Committee since Leon Trotsky in the 1920s.",
"In his reply, Gorbachev accused Yeltsin of \"political immaturity\" and \"absolute irresponsibility\".",
"Nobody in the Central Committee backed Yeltsin.",
"Within days news of Yeltsin's actions leaked and rumours of his 'secret speech' at the Central Committee spread throughout Moscow.",
"Soon fabricated \"samizdat\" versions began to circulate.",
"This was the beginning of Yeltsin's re-branding as a rebel and he continued to grow in popularity as an anti-establishment figure.",
"The next four years of political struggle between Yeltsin and Gorbachev was a major factor in the destruction of the Soviet Union.",
"On November 11, 1987 Yeltsin was fired from the post of First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party."
] | [
2
] |
Popular culture | Which film poster played off "The Creation of Adam" for its art? | The Creation of Adam | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"The Creation of Adam\" is one of the most well-known and famous artworks of all time, and as such has been the subject of a number of references and parodies.",
"Some of these parodies have become famous in their own right, in particular, John Alvin's poster for Steven Spielberg's film \"E.T.",
"the Extra-Terrestrial\", and Niklaas Jansen's artwork \"Touched by His Noodly Appendage\", in which God is replaced by Bobby Henderson's Flying Spaghetti Monster.",
"Parodies have appeared on many well-known television programs including \"The Simpsons\", \"The Muppets\", \"Sesame Street\", and \"Arrested Development\"."
] | [] |
Religion | What is the population of Jehovah's Witnesses? | Spain | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
7
] | [
"Roman Catholicism has long been the main religion of Spain, and although it no longer has official status by law, in all public schools in Spain students have to choose either a religion or ethics class, and Catholicism is the only religion officially taught.",
"According to an April 2012 study by the Spanish Center of Sociological Research about 71% of Spaniards self-identify as Catholics, 2.7% other faith, and about 24% identify with no religion (9.4% of the total are atheists).",
"Most Spaniards do not participate regularly in religious services.",
"This same study shows that of the Spaniards who identify themselves as religious, 59% hardly ever or never go to church, 15% go to church some times a year, 8% some time per month and 14% every Sunday or multiple times per week.",
"Altogether, about 22% of the entire Spanish population attends religious services at least once per month.",
"Though Spanish society has become considerably more secular in recent decades, the influx of Latin American immigrants, who tend to be strong Catholic practitioners, has helped the Catholic Church to recover.",
"Protestant churches have about 1,200,000 members.",
"There are about 105,000 Jehovah's Witnesses.",
"The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has approximately 46,000 adherents in 133 congregations in all regions of the country and has a temple in the Moratalaz District of Madrid.",
"A study made by \"Unión de comunidades islámicas de España\" demonstrated that there were about 1,700,000 inhabitants of Muslim background living in Spain as of 2012, accounting for 3-4% of the total population of Spain.",
"The vast majority was composed of immigrants and descendants originating from Morocco and other African countries.",
"More than 514,000 (30%) of them had Spanish nationality.",
"The recent waves of immigration have also led to an increasing number of Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Muslims.",
"After the Reconquista in 1492, Muslims did not live in Spain for centuries.",
"Late 19th-century colonial expansion in northwestern Africa gave a number of residents in Spanish Morocco and Western Sahara full citizenship.",
"Their ranks have since been bolstered by recent immigration, especially from Morocco and Algeria.",
"Judaism was practically non-existent in Spain from the 1492 expulsion until the 19th century, when Jews were again permitted to enter the country.",
"Currently there are around 62,000 Jews in Spain, or 0.14% of the total population.",
"Most are arrivals in the past century, while some are descendants of earlier Spanish Jews.",
"Approximately 80,000 Jews are thought to have lived in Spain on the eve of the Spanish Inquisition."
] | [
0
] |
Geography and climate | What is the name of the nation on the east side of the Mediterranean sea, on the border of Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt? | Israel | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Israel is at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, bounded by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank to the east, and Egypt and the Gaza strip to the southwest.",
"It lies between latitudes 29° and 34° N, and longitudes 34° and 36° E. The sovereign territory of Israel, excluding all territories captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War, is approximately in area, of which two percent is water.",
"However Israel is so narrow that the exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean is double the land area of the country.",
"The total area under Israeli law, including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, is , and the total area under Israeli control, including the military-controlled and partially Palestinian-governed territory of the West Bank, is .",
"Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the Negev desert in the south to the inland fertile Jezreel Valley, mountain ranges of the Galilee, Carmel and toward the Golan in the north.",
"The Israeli Coastal Plain on the shores of the Mediterranean is home to 57 percent of the nation's population.",
"East of the central highlands lies the Jordan Rift Valley, which forms a small part of the Great Rift Valley.",
"The Jordan River runs along the Jordan Rift Valley, from Mount Hermon through the Hulah Valley and the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on the surface of the Earth.",
"Further south is the Arabah, ending with the Gulf of Eilat, part of the Red Sea.",
"Unique to Israel and the Sinai Peninsula are makhteshim, or erosion cirques.",
"The largest makhtesh in the world is Ramon Crater in the Negev, which measures .",
"A report on the environmental status of the Mediterranean basin states that Israel has the largest number of plant species per square meter of all the countries in the basin.",
"Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter.",
"The more mountainous regions can be windy, cold, and sometimes snowy; Jerusalem usually receives at least one snowfall each year.",
"Meanwhile, coastal cities, such as Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers.",
"The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy days than the Mediterranean climate.",
"The Southern Negev and the Arava areas have desert climate with very hot and dry summers, and mild winters with few days of rain.",
"The highest temperature in the continent of Asia () was recorded in 1942 at Tirat Zvi kibbutz in the northern Jordan river valley.",
"From May to September, rain in Israel is rare.",
"With scarce water resources, Israel has developed various water-saving technologies, including drip irrigation.",
"Israelis also take advantage of the considerable sunlight available for solar energy, making Israel the leading nation in solar energy use per capita (practically every house uses solar panels for water heating).",
"Four different phytogeographic regions exist in Israel, due to the country's location between the temperate and the tropical zones, bordering the Mediterranean Sea in the west and the desert in the east.",
"For this reason the flora and fauna of Israel is extremely diverse.",
"There are 2,867 known species of plants found in Israel.",
"Of these, at least 253 species are introduced and non-native.",
"There are 380 Israeli nature reserves."
] | [
0
] |
Western historiography | Who exposed flows in the Soviet view in October Revolution? | October Revolution | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2,
3
] | [
"During the Cold War, Western historiography of the October Revolution developed in direct response to the assertions of the Soviet view.",
"The Soviet Marxist-Leninist version of the October Revolution conditioned historical interpretations in the United States and the West.",
"As a result, these Western historians exposed what they considered flaws in the Soviet view, thereby undermining the Bolshevik’s original legitimacy, as well as the precepts of Marxism.",
"Far from being inevitable according the historical laws of Marxism, these Western historians presented the revolution as the result of a chain of contingent accidents.",
"Examples of these accidental and contingent factors that precipitated the Revolution include World War I's timing, chance, and the poor leadership of Tsar Nicholas II as well as liberal and moderate socialists.",
"According to this historical interpretation, it was not popular support, but rather Bolshevik manipulation of the masses and the organization’s ruthlessness and superior structure which enabled it to survive.",
"For these historians, the Bolsheviks’ defeat in the Constituent Assembly elections of November–December 1917 demonstrated popular opposition to the Bolsheviks’ coup, as did the scale and breadth of the Civil War.",
"These historians saw the organization of the Bolshevik party as proto-totalitarian.",
"Their interpretation of the October Revolution as a violent coup organized by a proto-totalitarian party reinforced the idea that totalitarianism is an inherent part of Soviet history.",
"For them, Stalinist totalitarianism developed as a natural progression from Leninism and the Bolshevik party’s tactics and organization."
] | [
3
] |
Diver propulsion | What is the reason for some sleds being faired? | Scuba diving | true | 4SPORT
| [
6
] | [
"Personal mobility is enhanced by fins and optionally diver propulsion vehicles.",
"Fins have a large blade area and use the more powerful leg muscles, so are much more efficient for propulsion and manoeuvring thrust than arm and hand movements, but require skill to provide fine control.",
"Streamlining dive gear will reduce drag and improve mobility.",
"Balanced trim which allows the diver to align in any desired direction also improves streamlining by presenting the smallest section area to the direction of movement and allows propulsion thrust to be used more efficiently.",
"Occasionally a diver may be towed using a \"sled\", an unpowered device towed behind a surface vessel which conserves the diver's energy and allows more distance to be covered for a given air consumption and bottom time.",
"The depth is usually controlled by the diver by using diving planes or by tilting the whole sled.",
"Some sleds are faired to reduce drag on the diver."
] | [
0
] |
Production design | What kind of film is the Dark Knight? | The Dark Knight Rises | true | 6MOVIES
| [
5
] | [
"Concept artist Tully Summers commented on Nolan's style of cinematography when asked about the difference between his designs for this film and fantasy-based designs for \"Men in Black 3\": \"The difference for me was Christopher Nolan's visual style.",
"One of the things that makes his Batman movies so compelling is their tone of plausibility.",
"He will often prefer a raw, grittier design over one that is very sleek and product design pretty.",
"It's sort of a practical military aesthetic.",
"This stuff is made to work, not impress shoppers.",
"\"The Dark Knight Rises\" is a war film.\"",
"Producer Emma Thomas stated this Batman film has a different visual aesthetic from the first two Nolan-directed features, explaining that \"it's meant to be winter in Gotham, so that right there is going to lend a whole different look to the film.",
"\"The film introduces a vehicle that has been compared with the Batplane, dubbed \"the Bat\".",
"In designing the Bat, Nathan Crowley approached it as if it were an actual military project, emphasising the need for it to \"fit into the same family\" as the Tumbler and the Batpod.",
"The final version of the Bat takes its design cues from the Harrier Jump Jet, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey and the Boeing AH-64 Apache.",
"Chris Corbould described the Bat's size and shape as presenting a major challenge for filming given Christopher Nolan's emphasis on practical effects over computer-generated imagery.",
"In order to make the Bat \"fly\", it was variously supported by wires, suspended from cranes and helicopters, and mounted on a purpose-built vehicle with hydraulic controls to simulate movement.",
"When designing the Batcave set, Crowley and fellow production designer Kevin Kavanaugh hit upon the idea of flooding the Batcave and having Batman's equipment, the Batsuit and a supercomputer rise from the water.",
"Another set was designed at Cardington as an \"underground prison\", a rough-hewn labyrinth of stone cells in a vast abyss with a vertical shaft leading to the surface.",
"Exteriors above the prison were filmed in Jodhpur, India, chosen because the \"forbidding landscape added to the desolation\"."
] | [
0
] |
Filming | was the first season of prison break in hollywood? | Prison Break | false | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"The first three seasons of \"Prison Break\" were primarily filmed outside of Hollywood.",
"The majority of the first season of the series was filmed on location in and around Chicago.",
"After it was closed down in 2002, Joliet Prison became the set of \"Prison Break\" in 2005, standing in as Fox River State Penitentiary on screen.",
"Scenes set in Lincoln's cell, the infirmary, and the prison yard were all shot on location at the prison.",
"Lincoln's cell was alleged to be the same one in which serial killer John Wayne Gacy was incarcerated, which at least one member of the production crew refused to enter, because it was alleged to be haunted.",
"Other sets were built at the prison, including the cell blocks that housed the general prison population; these blocks had three tiers of cells (as opposed to the real cell block's two) and had cells much larger than real cells to allow more space for the actors and cameras.",
"Exterior scenes were filmed in areas around Chicago, Woodstock, and Joliet in Illinois.",
"Other locations included O'Hare International Airport in Chicago and Toronto, Ontario in Canada.",
"\"Prison Break\" spent $2 million per episode in the state of Illinois, which cost them a total of $24 million in 2005.",
"Renewed for a second season, \"Prison Break\" resumed filming on June 15, 2006, in Dallas, Texas due to the close proximity of rural and urban settings.",
"Locations within a 30-minute radius of Dallas were chosen which included Little Elm, Decatur, and Mineral Wells.",
"Many of these locations were used to represent various American towns.",
"The show was expected to spend in excess of $50 million in Texas over the course of the second season.",
"For the final three episodes of the second season, filming took place in Pensacola, Florida to represent Panama.",
"Each episode took eight days to film and approximately $1.4 million went to the local economy per episode.",
"The third season was shot in Dallas and had a budget of $3 million per episode.",
"Several of the exterior scenes with Lincoln and Gretchen negotiating the escape from the Panama jail were shot in the Casco Viejo quarter of Panama City.",
"The principal photography for the fourth season was relocated to Los Angeles, California."
] | [] |
The Paris "Sunflowers" | At what point did Van Gogh reside with his brother? | Sunflowers (Van Gogh series) | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Little is known of Van Gogh's activities during the two years he lived with his brother Theo in Paris, 1886-1888.",
"The fact that he had painted Sunflowers already is only revealed in spring 1889, when Gauguin claimed one of the Arles versions in exchange for studies he had left behind after leaving Arles for Paris.",
"Van Gogh was upset and replied that Gauguin had absolutely no right to make this request: \"I am definitely keeping my sunflowers in question.",
"He has two of them already, let that hold him.",
"And if he is not satisfied with the exchange he has made with me, he can take back his little Martinique canvas, and his self-portrait sent me from Brittany, at the same time giving me back both my portrait and the two sunflower canvases which he has taken to Paris.",
"So if he ever broaches this subject again, I've told you just how matters stand.",
"\"The two Sunflowers in question show two buttons each; one of them was preceded by a small study, and a fourth large canvas combines both compositions.",
"These were Van Gogh's first paintings with \"\"nothing but sunflowers\"\"—yet, he had already included sunflowers in still life and landscape earlier."
] | [
0
] |
Adana | What is a less hot version called? | Kebab | true | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"Adana kebabı (or kıyma kebabı) is a long, hand-minced meat kebab mounted on a wide iron skewer and grilled over charcoal.",
"It is generally \"hot\" or piquant.",
"A \"less hot\" version is generally called urfa kebabı."
] | [
0
] |
Cultural significance | What does the "meat" symbolize? | Rendang | false | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"Rendang is revered in Minangkabau culture as an embodiment of the philosophy of \"musyawarah\", discussion and consultation with elders.",
"It has been claimed that the four main ingredients represent Minangkabau society as a whole :",
" The meat (\"dagiang\") symbolizes the \"Niniak Mamak\", the traditional clan leaders, such as the datuk, the nobles, royalty and revered elders.",
" The coconut milk (\"karambia\") symbolizes the \"Cadiak Pandai\", intellectuals, teachers, poets and writers.",
" The chili (\"lado\") symbolizes the \"Alim Ulama\", clerics, \"ulama\" and religious leaders.",
"The hotness of the chili symbolizes sharia.",
" The spice mixture (\"pemasak\") symbolizes the rest of Minangkabau society.",
"In Minangkabau tradition, rendang is a requisite dish for special occasions in traditional Minang ceremonies, from birth ceremonies to circumcision, marriage, Qur'an recitals and religious festivals such as Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha."
] | [
0
] |
Junior tennis | How can Juniors earn money while playing Tennis? | Tennis | false | 4SPORT
| [
9
] | [
"In tennis, a junior is a player 18 and under who is still legally protected by a parent or guardian.",
"Players on the main adult tour who are under 18 must have documents signed by a parent or guardian.",
"These players, however, are still eligible to play in junior tournaments.",
"The International Tennis Federation (ITF) conducts a junior tour that allows juniors to establish a world ranking and an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranking.",
"Most juniors who enter the international circuit do so by progressing through ITF, Satellite, Future, and Challenger tournaments before entering the main circuit.",
"The latter three circuits also have adults competing in them.",
"Some juniors, however, such as Australian Lleyton Hewitt and Frenchman Gaël Monfils, have catapulted directly from the junior tour to the ATP tour by dominating the junior scene or by taking advantage of opportunities given to them to participate in professional tournaments.",
"In 2004, the ITF implemented a new rankings scheme to encourage greater participation in doubles, by combining two rankings (singles and doubles) into one combined tally.",
"Junior tournaments do not offer prize money except for the Grand Slam tournaments, which are the most prestigious junior events.",
"Juniors may earn income from tennis by participating in the Future, Satellite, or Challenger tours.",
"Tournaments are broken up into different tiers offering different amounts of ranking points, culminating with Grade A.",
"Leading juniors are allowed to participate for their nation in the Junior Fed Cup and Davis Cup competitions.",
"To succeed in tennis often means having to begin playing at a young age.",
"To facilitate and nurture a junior's growth in tennis, almost all tennis playing nations have developed a junior development system.",
"Juniors develop their play through a range of tournaments on all surfaces, accommodating all different standards of play.",
"Talented juniors may also receive sponsorships from governing bodies or private institutions."
] | [
5
] |
Genetic hitchhiking | Recombination happens at what rate? | Evolution | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"Recombination allows alleles on the same strand of DNA to become separated.",
"However, the rate of recombination is low (approximately two events per chromosome per generation).",
"As a result, genes close together on a chromosome may not always be shuffled away from each other and genes that are close together tend to be inherited together, a phenomenon known as linkage.",
"This tendency is measured by finding how often two alleles occur together on a single chromosome compared to expectations, which is called their linkage disequilibrium.",
"A set of alleles that is usually inherited in a group is called a haplotype.",
"This can be important when one allele in a particular haplotype is strongly beneficial: natural selection can drive a selective sweep that will also cause the other alleles in the haplotype to become more common in the population; this effect is called genetic hitchhiking or genetic draft.",
"Genetic draft caused by the fact that some neutral genes are genetically linked to others that are under selection can be partially captured by an appropriate effective population size."
] | [
0
] |
Series synopsis | Which school does Max go to? | 2 Broke Girls | true | 1TV
| [
9
] | [
"The series chronicles the lives of two waitresses in their mid twenties—Max Black (Kat Dennings), who comes from a poor working-class family, and Caroline Channing (Beth Behrs), who was born rich but is now disgraced and penniless due to her father, Martin Channing, getting caught operating a Bernard Madoff-esque Ponzi scheme—working together at a Brooklyn restaurant.",
"The two become friends and build toward their dream of one day opening a cupcake shop.",
"Among those working with them at the restaurant are their Korean boss, Han Lee (Matthew Moy); Oleg (Jonathan Kite), an upbeat but perverted Ukrainian cook; and Earl (Garrett Morris), a 75-year-old black cashier.",
"Also featured starting late in the first season is their neighbor and part-time boss Sophie (Jennifer Coolidge), a Polish immigrant who runs the housecleaning company Sophie's Choice.",
"During most of the first season Max is also a part-time nanny for the twin babies of Peach Landis (Brooke Lyons), who during the season adopts Caroline's horse Chestnut.",
"At the end of each episode a tally shows how much they have made toward their goal of $25,000 needed to open their business (it was original stated in the pilot to be the more realistic amount of $250,000).",
"Early in the second season, Sophie lends the girls $20,000, which is enough for them to start their business.",
"However, the business fails, and in the 18th episode they are forced to give up the lease of their cupcake shop with just enough money to pay off Sophie's loan, resetting the end of episode tally to $1.00.",
"During the third season, the girls reopen the business in the back room of the diner, using the window as a walk up window.",
"Max also enrolls in, and Caroline goes to work for, the Manhattan School of Pastry."
] | [] |
Boards | What settings do board hardware allow with either foot forward? | Wakeboarding | false | 4SPORT
| [
5,
6
] | [
"Boards are buoyant with the core usually made up of foam, honeycomb or wood mixed with resin and coated with fiberglass.",
"Metal screws are inserted to attach bindings and fins.",
"The configuration and positioning of the fins and bindings vary according to rider preference and are adjusted for a variety of reasons.",
"A wakeboarder will change the type of fins used for different types of tricks.",
"For example, shallow fins (which do not protrude into the water very far) are better for surface tricks, such as flat spins.",
"Many newer board models contain small moulded fins on the board, allowing the rider to use smaller centre fins and also to create less drag.",
"Board hardware is often set up to allow a rider to ride \"Switch\" or \"Fakie,\" with either foot forward.",
"Such setups are usually symmetrical in layout.",
"New riders normally set up their boards to be comfortable to ride with their \"natural\" foot forward, which does not allow for riding Switch without modifications.",
"For best results and easy wakeboarding, this sport is normally done in lakes, though the intercoastal waterways are also becoming popular."
] | [
0
] |
Nonfood uses | What kind of fruit is capable of producing candles? | Fruit | true | 9FOOD
| [
5
] | [
"Because fruits have been such a major part of the human diet, different cultures have developed many different uses for various fruits that they do not depend on as being edible.",
"Many dry fruits are used as decorations or in dried flower arrangements, such as unicorn plant, lotus, wheat, annual honesty and milkweed.",
"Ornamental trees and shrubs are often cultivated for their colorful fruits, including holly, pyracantha, viburnum, skimmia, beautyberry and cotoneaster.",
"Fruits of opium poppy are the source of opium which contains the drugs morphine and codeine, as well as the biologically inactive chemical theabaine from which the drug oxycodone is synthesized.",
"Osage orange fruits are used to repel cockroaches.",
"Bayberry fruits provide a wax often used to make candles.",
"Many fruits provide natural dyes, e.g.",
"walnut, sumac, cherry and mulberry.",
"Dried gourds are used as decorations, water jugs, bird houses, musical instruments, cups and dishes.",
"Pumpkins are carved into Jack-o'-lanterns for Halloween.",
"The spiny fruit of burdock or cocklebur were the inspiration for the invention of Velcro.",
"Coir is a fiber from the fruit of coconut that is used for doormats, brushes, mattresses, floortiles, sacking, insulation and as a growing medium for container plants.",
"The shell of the coconut fruit is used to make souvenir heads, cups, bowls, musical instruments and bird houses.",
"Fruit is often used as a subject of still life paintings."
] | [
0
] |
Episode misreporting by Fox | Which TV network airs the program American Dad? | American Dad! | false | 1TV
| [
0,
2,
3,
7
] | [
"It is evident that Fox either miscounts \"American Dad!\"",
"episodes or at least intentionally discounts one episode of the series.",
"This was established in Fox advertisements for the episode \"Lost in Space.\"",
"The episode was promoted by Fox as \"American Dad!",
"\"s 150th episode.",
"Subsequently, numerous mainstream media reports also labeled the episode as the 150th.",
"In actuality, however, it was the show's 151st episode while the episode \"The Full Cognitive Redaction of Avery Bullock by the Coward Stan Smith\" was the 150th episode of the series.",
"In addition, Fox has misreported the \"Lost in Space\" episode as the revealing of Roger's birth planet.",
"In actuality, the setting of this episode is a spaceship owned by members of Roger's alien race.",
"To date, Roger's birth planet has yet to be revealed."
] | [] |
Abstract | Could you provide the number of people that the Colosseum can hold? | Colosseum | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
7
] | [
"The Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: \"Amphitheatrum Flavium\"; Italian: \"Anfiteatro Flavio\" or \"Colosseo\") is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy.",
"Built of concrete and stone, it was the largest amphitheatre of the Roman Empire, and is considered one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and engineering.",
"It is the largest amphitheatre in the world.",
"The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum.",
"Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in 70 AD, and was completed in 80 AD under his successor and heir Titus.",
"Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96).",
"These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its association with their family name \"(Flavius)\".",
"The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators, and was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology.",
"The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era.",
"It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.",
"Although in the 21st century it stays partially ruined because of damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome.",
"It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit \"Way of the Cross\" procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum.",
"The Colosseum, like all the Historic Centre of Rome, Properties of the Holy See in Italy and the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.",
"In 2007 the complex was also included among the New7Wonders of the World, following a competition organized by New Open World Corporation (NOWC).",
"The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin."
] | [] |
Box office | How much did the "Terminator Salvation" gross worldwide? | Terminator Salvation | true | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"The film's first nationwide U.S. screenings were at 12 A.M. on Thursday, May 21, 2009, making $3 million from midnight screenings and earning $13.3 million in its first day and grossed an additional $42,558,390 on its 4-day Memorial Day opening weekend from 3,530 theaters.",
"It debuted at #2 behind \"\", giving it a lower first weekend take than its predecessor, becoming the first film in the series not to open at #1 and failing to meet Boxoffice Magazine predictions by 50%.",
"\"Terminator Salvation\" was more successful in its international release, opening at #1 in 66 of 70 territories through the first week of June, and continuing to be the highest-grossing film in the following week.",
"The film's total domestic gross was $125,322,469, along with $246,030,532 from overseas territories, for a worldwide gross of $371,353,001.",
"As of December 2009, the film ranks 14th for the year internationally and 23rd domestically (U.S. and Canada), which ranks it last in the series and puts it below initial expectations in terms of domestic gross and first weekend, as well as overall global take."
] | [
5
] |
Apoenzymes | What can be an example for an organic cofactor? | Biomolecule | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"An apoenzyme (or, generally, an apoprotein) is the protein without any small-molecule cofactors, substrates, or inhibitors bound.",
"It is often important as an inactive storage, transport, or secretory form of a protein.",
"This is required, for instance, to protect the secretory cell from the activity of that protein.",
"Apoenzymes becomes active enzymes on addition of a cofactor.",
"Cofactors can be either inorganic (e.g., metal ions and iron-sulfur clusters) or organic compounds, (e.g., flavin and heme).",
"Organic cofactors can be either prosthetic groups, which are tightly bound to an enzyme, or coenzymes, which are released from the enzyme's active site during the reaction."
] | [
0
] |
Production | Why was Emily Watson's role in Amelie recast? | Amélie | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"In his DVD commentary, Jeunet explains that he originally wrote the role of Amélie for the English actress Emily Watson; in the original draft, Amélie's father was an Englishman living in London.",
"However, Watson's French was not strong, and when she became unavailable to shoot the film, owing to a conflict with the filming of \"Gosford Park\", Jeunet rewrote the screenplay for a French actress.",
"Audrey Tautou was the first actress he auditioned having seen her on the poster for \"Venus Beauty Institute\".",
"The movie was filmed mainly in Paris.",
"The Café des 2 Moulins (15 Rue Lepic, Montmartre, Paris) where Amélie works is a real place.",
"The filmmakers made use of computer-generated imagery and a digital intermediate.",
"The studio scenes were filmed in the Coloneum Studio in Cologne (Germany).",
"The film shares many of the themes in the plot with second half of the 1994 film \"Chungking Express\"."
] | [
1
] |
Awards | The series Friends won an Emmy award in what years? | Friends | true | 1TV
| [
4
] | [
"To maintain the series' ensemble format, the main cast members decided to enter themselves in the same acting categories for awards.",
"Beginning with the series' eighth season, the actors decided to submit themselves in the lead actor balloting, rather than in the supporting actor fields.",
"The series was nominated for 63 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning six.",
"Aniston and Kudrow are the only main cast members to win an Emmy, while Cox is the only actor not to be nominated.",
"The series won the 2002 Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, with nominations in 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000 and 2003.",
"The series also won an American Comedy Award, one GLAAD Media Award, one Golden Globe Award, three Logie Awards, six People's Choice Awards, one Satellite Award, and one Screen Actors Guild Award."
] | [
0
] |
Viscosity | What additive allows ketchup to flow more freely? | Ketchup | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Tomato ketchup has an additive, usually xanthan gum, which gives the condiment a pseudoplastic or \"shear thinning\" property.",
"This increases the viscosity of the ketchup considerably with a relatively small amount added - usually 0.5%.",
"- which can make it difficult to pour from a container.",
"However, the shear thinning property of the gum ensures that when a force is applied to the ketchup it will lower the viscosity enabling the sauce to flow.",
"A common method to getting ketchup out of the bottle involves inverting the bottle and shaking it or hitting the bottom with the heel of the hand, which causes the ketchup to flow rapidly.",
"A technique involves inverting the bottle and forcefully tapping its upper neck with two fingers (index and middle finger together).",
"Specifically, with a Heinz ketchup bottle, one taps the 57 circle on the neck.",
"This helps the ketchup flow by applying the correct shearing force.",
"These techniques work because of how pseudoplastic fluids behave: their viscosity (resistance to flow) decreases with increasing shear rate.",
"The faster the ketchup is sheared (by shaking or tapping the bottle), the more fluid it becomes.",
"After the shear is removed the ketchup thickens to its original viscosity."
] | [
0
] |
Landscape | Dali received much inspiration for his paintings from where? | The Persistence of Memory | true | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"The craggy rocks to the right represent a tip of Cap de Creus peninsula in north-eastern Catalonia.",
"Many of Dalí's paintings were inspired by the landscapes of his life in Catalonia.",
"The strange and foreboding shadow in the foreground of this painting is a reference to Mount Pani."
] | [
4
] |
Other recorded cover versions | Who has covered the song Viva la Vida? | Viva la Vida | false | 0MUSIC
| [
0,
1,
3
] | [
" 2Cellos performed an instrumental cover of \"Viva la Vida\" in their debut album \"2Cellos\".",
" Weezer included their cover version of the song on the deluxe edition of their 2010 album \"Hurley.",
"\"",
" Electropop artist Joy Electric covered the song on the 2009 album \"Favorites at Play\"."
] | [
3
] |
Production | Who signed on as the executive producers of the film "The Act of Killing"? | The Act of Killing | false | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"In 2001, while conducting interviews for their 2003 film \"The Globalisation Tapes\", Oppenheimer and Cynn began delving into the Indonesian killings of 1965–66.",
"After moving up the ranks of those involved with the killings, Oppenheimer's interviews led him to meet Anwar Congo in 2005.",
"The film was shot mostly in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, between 2005 and 2011.",
"After seeing an early preview of \"The Act of Killing\", filmmakers Werner Herzog and Errol Morris signed on as executive producers.",
"The name \"Anonymous\" appears 49 times under 27 different crew positions in the credits.",
"These crew members still fear revenge from the death-squad killers."
] | [
3
] |
Entry | According to the rules who should a diver jump into the water? | Diving | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"The rules state that the body should be vertical, or nearly so, for entry.",
"Strictly speaking, it is physically impossible to achieve a literally vertical position throughout the entry as there will inevitably still be some rotational momentum while the body is entering the water.",
"Divers therefore attempt to create the illusion of being vertical, especially when performing rapidly rotating multiple somersault movements.",
"One technique is to allow the upper body to enter slightly short of vertical so that the continuing rotation leaves the final impression of the legs entering vertically.",
"Another is to use \"entry save\" movements of scooping the upper body underwater in the direction of rotation so as to counteract the rotation of the legs.",
"The arms must be beside the body for feet-first dives, which are typically competed only on the 1m springboard and only at fairly low levels of competition, and extended forwards in line for \"head-first\" dives, which are much more common competitively.",
"It used to be common for the hands to be interlocked with the fingers extended towards the water, but a different technique has become favoured during the last few decades.",
"Now the usual practice is for one hand to grasp the other with palms down to strike the water with a flat surface.",
"This creates a vacuum between the hands, arms and head which, with a vertical entry, will pull down and under any splash until deep enough to have minimal effect on the surface of the water (the so-called \"rip entry\").",
"Once a diver is completely under the water they may choose to roll or scoop in the same direction their dive was rotating to pull their legs into a more vertical position."
] | [
3
] |
Languages | In Japan what percentage of the population speak Japanese as their first language? | Japan | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"More than 99 percent of the population speaks Japanese as their first language.",
"Japanese is an agglutinative language distinguished by a system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary indicating the relative status of speaker and listener.",
"Japanese writing uses kanji (Chinese characters) and two sets of kana (syllabaries based on simplified Chinese characters), as well as the Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals.",
"Besides Japanese, the Ryukyuan languages (Amami, Kunigami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama, Yonaguni), also part of the Japonic language family, are spoken in the Ryukyu Islands chain.",
"Few children learn these languages, but in recent years the local governments have sought to increase awareness of the traditional languages.",
"The Okinawan Japanese dialect is also spoken in the region.",
"The Ainu language, which has no proven relationship to Japanese or any other language, is moribund, with only a few elderly native speakers remaining in Hokkaido.",
"Most public and private schools require students to take courses in both Japanese and English."
] | [
0
] |
Geography | How many national parks are in Russia? | Russia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Russia is the largest country in the world; its total area is .",
"There are 23 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Russia, 40 UNESCO biosphere reserves, 41 national parks and 101 nature reserves.",
"It lies between latitudes 41° and 82° N, and longitudes 19° E and 169° W. Russia has a wide natural resource base, including major deposits of timber, petroleum, natural gas, coal, ores and other mineral resources."
] | [
5
] |
Etymology | When does the adjective "viral" date? | Virus | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"The word is from the Latin \"virus\" referring to poison and other noxious substances, first used in English in 1392.",
"\"Virulent\", from Latin \"virulentus\" (poisonous), dates to 1400.",
"A meaning of \"agent that causes infectious disease\" is first recorded in 1728, before the discovery of viruses by Dmitri Ivanovsky in 1892.",
"The English plural is \"viruses\", whereas the Latin word is a mass noun, which has no classically attested plural.",
"The adjective \"viral\" dates to 1948.",
"The term \"virion\" (plural \"virions\"), which dates from 1959, is also used to refer to a single, stable infective viral particle that is released from the cell and is fully capable of infecting other cells of the same type."
] | [
2
] |
Entropy and thermodynamics | What did Bekenstein propose about black holes? | Black hole | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
"Open questions.",
"Entropy and thermodynamics.",
"In 1971, Hawking showed under general conditions that the total area of the event horizons of any collection of classical black holes can never decrease, even if they collide and merge.",
"This result, now known as the second law of black hole mechanics, is remarkably similar to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the total entropy of a system can never decrease.",
"As with classical objects at absolute zero temperature, it was assumed that black holes had zero entropy.",
"If this were the case, the second law of thermodynamics would be violated by entropy-laden matter entering a black hole, resulting in a decrease of the total entropy of the universe.",
"Therefore, Bekenstein proposed that a black hole should have an entropy, and that it should be proportional to its horizon area.",
"The link with the laws of thermodynamics was further strengthened by Hawking's discovery that quantum field theory predicts that a black hole radiates blackbody radiation at a constant temperature.",
"This seemingly causes a violation of the second law of black hole mechanics, since the radiation will carry away energy from the black hole causing it to shrink.",
"The radiation, however also carries away entropy, and it can be proven under general assumptions that the sum of the entropy of the matter surrounding a black hole and one quarter of the area of the horizon as measured in Planck units is in fact always increasing.",
"This allows the formulation of the first law of black hole mechanics as an analogue of the first law of thermodynamics, with the mass acting as energy, the surface gravity as temperature and the area as entropy.",
"One puzzling feature is that the entropy of a black hole scales with its area rather than with its volume, since entropy is normally an extensive quantity that scales linearly with the volume of the system.",
"This odd property led Gerard 't Hooft and Leonard Susskind to propose the holographic principle, which suggests that anything that happens in a volume of spacetime can be described by data on the boundary of that volume.",
"Although general relativity can be used to perform a semi-classical calculation of black hole entropy, this situation is theoretically unsatisfying.",
"In statistical mechanics, entropy is understood as counting the number of microscopic configurations of a system that have the same macroscopic qualities (such as mass, charge, pressure, etc.).",
"Without a satisfactory theory of quantum gravity, one cannot perform such a computation for black holes.",
"Some progress has been made in various approaches to quantum gravity.",
"In 1995, Andrew Strominger and Cumrun Vafa showed that counting the microstates of a specific supersymmetric black hole in string theory reproduced the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy.",
"Since then, similar results have been reported for different black holes both in string theory and in other approaches to quantum gravity like loop quantum gravity."
] | [
0
] |
Original plan: Kidnapping the president | When did the Confederate capital call to the Union army? | Assassination of Abraham Lincoln | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
14
] | [
"In March 1864, Ulysses S. Grant, the commanding general of all the Union's armies, decided to suspend the exchange of prisoners-of-war.",
"As harsh as it may have been on the prisoners of both sides, Grant realized the exchange was prolonging the war by returning soldiers to the outnumbered and manpower-starved South.",
"John Wilkes Booth, a Southerner and outspoken Confederate sympathizer, conceived a plan to kidnap President Lincoln and deliver him to the Confederate Army, to be held hostage until the North agreed to resume exchanging prisoners.",
"Booth recruited Samuel Arnold, George Atzerodt, David Herold, Michael O'Laughlen, Lewis Powell (also known as \"Lewis Paine\"), and John Surratt to help him.",
"Surratt's mother, Mary Surratt, left her tavern in Surrattsville, Maryland, and moved to a house in Washington, D.C., where Booth became a frequent visitor.",
"In late 1860, Booth had been initiated in the pro-Confederate Knights of the Golden Circle in Baltimore.",
"He attended Lincoln's second inauguration on March 4, 1865, as the invited guest of his secret fiancée Lucy Hale, daughter of John P. Hale, soon to become United States Ambassador to Spain.",
"Booth afterwards wrote in his diary, \"What an excellent chance I had, if I wished, to kill the President on Inauguration day!",
"\"On March 17, 1865, Booth informed his conspirators that Lincoln would be attending a play, \"Still Waters Run Deep\", at Campbell Military Hospital.",
"He assembled his men in a restaurant at the edge of town, intending that they should soon join him on a nearby stretch of road in order to capture the President on his way back from the hospital.",
"But Booth found out that Lincoln had not gone to the play after all.",
"Instead, he had attended a ceremony at the National Hotel in which officers of the 142nd Indiana Infantry presented Governor Oliver Morton with a captured Confederate battle flag.",
"Booth was living at the National Hotel at the time and could have had an opportunity to kill Lincoln had Booth not been at the hospital.",
"Meanwhile, the Confederacy was falling apart.",
"On April 3, Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital, fell to the Union army.",
"On April 9, the Army of Northern Virginia, the main army of the Confederacy, surrendered to the Army of the Potomac at Appomattox Court House.",
"Confederate President Jefferson Davis and the rest of his government were in full flight.",
"Despite many Southerners giving up hope, Booth continued to believe in his cause.",
"On April 11, 1865, two days after Lee's army surrendered to Grant, Booth attended a speech at the White House in which Lincoln supported the idea of enfranchising the former slaves.",
"Furiously provoked, Booth decided on assassination and is quoted as saying:That means "
] | [
2
] |
Neutral medium | How are electrons used in acid and basic medium? | Electrochemistry | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"The same procedure as used on acid medium is applied, for example on balancing using electron ion method to complete combustion of propane.",
"\"Unbalanced reaction\": C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O",
"\"Reduction\": 4 H+ + O2 + 4 e– → 2 H2O",
"\"Oxidation\": 6 H2O + C3H8 → 3 CO2 + 20 e– + 20 H+",
"As in acid and basic medium, electrons which were used to compensate oxidation changes are multiplied to opposite half reactions, thus solving the equation.",
"20 H+ + 5 O2 + 20 e– → 10 H2O",
"6 H2O + C3H8 → 3 CO2 + 20 e– + 20 H+",
"Equation balanced:",
"C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O"
] | [
5
] |
"Pain perdu" | What does pain perdu mean in English? | French toast | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"In France, Belgium, New Orleans, Acadiana and the Congo, French toast is called \"pain perdu\", which means \"lost bread\" in French.",
"It is called \"lost bread\" because it is a way to reclaim stale or \"lost\" bread.",
"The hard bread is softened by dipping in a mixture of milk and eggs, and then fried.",
"The bread is sliced on a bias and dipped into a mixture of egg, milk, sugar, cinnamon and vanilla.",
"The slices are pan-fried in butter and traditionally dusted with powdered sugar and served with jam or syrup on the side.",
"In New Orleans, \"pain perdu\" is a local variation of French toast and often shows up on menus as \"Lost Bread\".",
"It is made from leftover New Orleans–style French bread.",
"The bread resembles a French baguette, but has a crunchier exterior and a lighter interior and is usually fried in oil.",
"It is eaten for breakfast in New Orleans.",
"In France, \"pain perdu\" is considered to be a dessert, a breakfast as well as an afternoon tea snack (\"goûter\").",
"In Quebec, French toast is called \"pain doré\", which means \"golden bread\"."
] | [
0
] |
Self-portrait | Michelangelo's art contained hints of what universal elements? | The Last Judgment (Michelangelo) | true | 3ART
| [
1,
3,
4
] | [
"Some have hypothesized that Michelangelo depicted himself in the flayed skin of St. Bartholomew (see below) based on feelings of contempt Michelangelo may have had for being commissioned to paint \"The Last Judgment.\"",
"Michelangelo often drew himself in a way where he had lost all his power and might.",
"He questioned over thoughts of dying and the Day of Judgement, which is seen as a reference to this work.",
"Michelangelo was in his late sixties when he finished this painting, and it has been argued that the peeling of Bartholomew signifies the peeling of the flesh awaiting a new rebirth.",
"The bearded figure of St. Bartholomew holding the skin was theorized to depict the satirist and erotic writer Pietro Aretino, who had tried to extort a valuable drawing from Michelangelo; this theory has been conclusively refuted because the conflict between Michelangelo and zed Aretino did not occur until 1545, seven years after the fresco's completion."
] | [
0
] |
Composition | What books are displayed on the table? | Portrait of Dr. Gachet | false | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"Van Gogh painted Gachet resting his right elbow on a red table, head in hand.",
"Two yellow books as well as the purple medicinal herb foxglove are displayed on the table.",
"The foxglove in the painting is a plant from which digitalis is extracted for the treatment of certain heart complaints, perhaps an attribute of Gachet as a doctor.",
"The doctor's \"sensitive face\", which Van Gogh famously wrote to Paul Gauguin carried \"the heartbroken expression of our time\", is described by Robert Wallace as the portrait's focus.",
"Wallace described the ultramarine blue coat of Gachet, set against a background of hills painted a lighter blue, as highlighting the \"tired, pale features and transparent blue eyes that reflect the compassion and melancholy of the man.\"",
"Van Gogh himself claimed this expression of melancholy \"would seem to look like a grimace to many who saw the canvas\".",
"With the \"Portrait of Dr. Gachet\", Van Gogh sought to create a \"modern portrait,\" which he wrote to his sister \"impassions me most - much, much more than all the rest of my \"métier\".\"",
"Elaborating on this quote, Van Gogh scholar Jan Hulsker noted \"...much later generations experience it not only as psychologically striking, but also as a very unconventional and 'modern' portrait.\"",
"He also wrote, \"My self-portrait is done in nearly the same way but the blue is the fine blue of the Midi, and the clothes are a light lilac,\" which would refer to one of his final self-portraits painted in September the year previous.",
"Van Gogh also wrote to Wilhelmina regarding the Portraits of Madame Ginoux he painted first in Arles in 1888 and again in February 1890 while at the hospital in Saint-Rémy.",
"The second set were styled after the portrait of the same figure by Gauguin, and Van Gogh described Gachet's enthusiasm upon viewing the version painted earlier that year, which the artist had carried with him to the home in Auvers.",
"Van Gogh subsequently carried compositional elements from this portrait to that of Dr. Gachet, including the table-top with two books and pose of the figure with head leaning on one hand."
] | [
0
] |
Season 4 | What office does Peter Florrick run for in the Good Wife? | The Good Wife | true | 1TV
| [
5
] | [
"Season 4 focuses on Lockhart & Gardner's efforts to come out from bankruptcy after rival lawyers Louis Canning and Patti Nyholm team up to take them down.",
"A trustee, Clarke Hayden, is appointed to watch over the firm, but Will and Diane are not happy once he starts getting in their way.",
"Trying to gain money, the firm offers partnership to some associates, because they need their initial payment.",
"When the debt is cleared, only Alicia is made partner and the other offers are delayed.",
"Feeling angry, Cary teams up with the other four-years to start a new firm.",
"Meanwhile, Peter Florrick runs for Governor.",
"Eli is once again leading his campaign, although things get complicated when he finds out he is being investigated.",
"Alicia befriends Maddi Haylord, who sponsors her husband's campaign, but ultimetely it turns out she is running up against him and Mike Kresteva.",
"In a B plot Kalinda's past comes to haunt her in the form of her husband Nick.",
"Once he starts threatening people in her life, she needs to get rid of him.",
"The firm also hires a new investigator to help her at work - Robyn Burdine.",
"On top of all, Alicia is back with Peter, but having a hard time supressing her feelings for Will."
] | [
0
] |
Association | How often is the MacRobertson International Croquet Shield tournament? | Croquet | false | 4SPORT
| [
20
] | [
"Association croquet is the name of an advanced game of croquet, played at international level.",
"It involves four balls teamed in pairs, with both balls going through every hoop for one pair to win.",
"The game's distinguishing feature is the \"croquet\" shot: when certain balls hit other balls, extra shots are allowed.",
"The six hoops are arranged three at each end of the court, with a centre peg.",
"In association croquet one side takes the black and blue balls, the other takes red and yellow.",
"At each turn, players can choose to play with either of their balls for that turn.",
"At the start of a turn, the player plays a stroke.",
"If the player either hits the ball through the correct hoop (\"runs\" the hoop), or hits another ball (a \"roquet\"), the turn continues.",
"Following a roquet, the player picks up his or her own ball and puts it down next to the ball that it hit.",
"The next shot is played with the two balls touching: this is the \"croquet stroke\" from which the game takes its name.",
"After the croquet stroke, the player plays a \"continuation\" stroke, during which the player may again attempt to make a roquet or run a hoop.",
"Each of the other three balls may be roqueted once in a turn before a hoop is run, after which they become available to be roqueted again.",
"The winner of the game is the team who completes the set circuit of six hoops (and then back again the other way), with both balls, and then strikes the centre peg (making a total of 13 points per ball = 26).",
"Good players may make \"breaks\" of several hoops in a single turn.",
"The best players may take a ball round a full circuit in one turn.",
"\"Advanced play\" (a variant of association play for expert players) gives penalties to a player who runs certain hoops in a turn, to allow the opponent a chance of getting back into the game; feats of skill such as triple peels or better, in which the partner ball (or occasionally an opponent ball) is caused to run a number of hoops in a turn by the striker's ball help avoid these penalties.",
"A handicap system ('bisques') provides less experienced players a chance of winning against more formidable opponents.",
"Players of all ages and both sexes compete on level terms.",
"The World Championships are organised by the World Croquet Federation (WCF) and usually take place every 2 or 3 years.",
"The New Zealand team won the last MacRobertson International Croquet Shield tournament, which is the major international test tour trophy in association croquet.",
"It is contested every three to four years between Australia, Great Britain, the United States and New Zealand.",
"Historically the British have been the dominant force, winning 14 times out of the 20 times the event has been held.",
"In individual competition, the UK is often divided by subnational country (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales).",
"Unlike most sports, men and women compete and are ranked together.",
"As of 2013, the Association Croquet World Champion is Robert Fletcher of Australia and the Women's Association Croquet World Champion is Jenny Clarke of New Zealand.",
"The world's top 10 association croquet players as of February 2014 are Robert Fletcher (Australia), Chris Clarke (New Zealand), Reg Bamford (South Africa), Paddy Chapman (New Zealand), Aaron Westerby (New Zealand), Greg Bryant (New Zealand), Toby Garrison (New Zealand), Robert Fulford (England), David Maugham (England), and Jamie Burch (England).",
"Three women have won the British Open Championship: Lily Gower in 1905, Dorothy Steel in 1925, 1933, 1935 and 1936, and Hope Rotherham in 1960.",
"While male players are in the majority at club level in the UK, the opposite is the case in Australia and New Zealand.",
"The governing body in England is The Croquet Association, which has been the driving force of the development of the game.",
"The rules and tournament regulations are now maintained by the International Laws Committee, established by the croquet associations of England and Wales (CA), Australia (ACA), New Zealand (CNZ) and the United States (USCA)."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | When was the field of professional astronomy divided into observational and theoretical branches? | Astronomy | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
"Astronomy is a natural science that is the study of celestial objects (such as moons, planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic background radiation.",
"A related but distinct subject, cosmology, is concerned with studying the universe as a whole.",
"Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences.",
"Prehistoric cultures have left astronomical artifacts such as the Egyptian monuments and Nubian monuments, and early civilizations such as the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Indians, Iranians and Maya performed methodical observations of the night sky.",
"However, the invention of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science.",
"Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, and the making of calendars, but professional astronomy is nowadays often considered to be synonymous with astrophysics.",
"During the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy split into observational and theoretical branches.",
"Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring data from observations of astronomical objects, which is then analyzed using basic principles of physics.",
"Theoretical astronomy is oriented toward the development of computer or analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena.",
"The two fields complement each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results and observations being used to confirm theoretical results.",
"Astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs can still play an active role, especially in the discovery and observation of transient phenomena.",
"Amateur astronomers have contributed to many important astronomical discoveries.",
"Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology, the belief system which claims that human affairs are correlated with the positions of celestial objects.",
"Although the two fields share a common origin they are now entirely distinct."
] | [
2
] |
T1rho MRI | What is the description of T1p (T1rho) MRI? | Magnetic resonance imaging | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"T1ρ (T1rho): Molecules have a kinetic energy that is a function of the temperature and is expressed as translational and rotational motions, and by collisions between molecules.",
"The moving dipoles disturb the magnetic field but are often extremely rapid so that the average effect over a long time-scale may be zero.",
"However, depending on the time-scale, the interactions between the dipoles do not always average away.",
"At the slowest extreme the interaction time is effectively infinite and occurs where there are large, stationary field disturbances (e.g., a metallic implant).",
"In this case the loss of coherence is described as a \"static dephasing\".",
"T2* is a measure of the loss of coherence in an ensemble of spins that includes all interactions (including static dephasing).",
"T2 is a measure of the loss of coherence that excludes static dephasing, using an RF pulse to reverse the slowest types of dipolar interaction.",
"There is in fact a continuum of interaction time-scales in a given biological sample, and the properties of the refocusing RF pulse can be tuned to refocus more than just static dephasing.",
"In general, the rate of decay of an ensemble of spins is a function of the interaction times and also the power of the RF pulse.",
"This type of decay, occurring under the influence of RF, is known as T1ρ.",
"It is similar to T2 decay but with some slower dipolar interactions refocused, as well as static interactions, hence T1ρ≥T2."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Association football is also known as what? | Association football | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"Association football, commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.",
"It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries, making it the world's most popular sport.",
"The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.",
"The object of the game is to score by using any part of the body besides the arms and hands to get the football into the opposing goal.",
"The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and then only in their penalty area.",
"Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may use their head or torso to strike the ball instead.",
"The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.",
"If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.",
"The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.",
"Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ) which organises a World Cup every four years."
] | [
0
] |
Diver propulsion | When using propulsion while scuba diving, how is depth controlled? | Scuba diving | true | 4SPORT
| [
5
] | [
"Personal mobility is enhanced by fins and optionally diver propulsion vehicles.",
"Fins have a large blade area and use the more powerful leg muscles, so are much more efficient for propulsion and manoeuvring thrust than arm and hand movements, but require skill to provide fine control.",
"Streamlining dive gear will reduce drag and improve mobility.",
"Balanced trim which allows the diver to align in any desired direction also improves streamlining by presenting the smallest section area to the direction of movement and allows propulsion thrust to be used more efficiently.",
"Occasionally a diver may be towed using a \"sled\", an unpowered device towed behind a surface vessel which conserves the diver's energy and allows more distance to be covered for a given air consumption and bottom time.",
"The depth is usually controlled by the diver by using diving planes or by tilting the whole sled.",
"Some sleds are faired to reduce drag on the diver."
] | [
2,
5
] |
Parodies and sampling | Where in Disneyland is "I want to weld your hand" played? | I Want to Hold Your Hand | true | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
" Neil Innes' The Rutles also pastiched the song as \"Hold My Hand\" in 1978.",
" For the 2006 album \"Love\", George Martin and his son, Giles, melded the original studio recording with a live performance at the Hollywood Bowl, complete with screaming hordes of teenage girls.",
" Beatallica, a parody of both the Beatles and Metallica, recorded a parody titled \"I Want To Choke Your Band\".",
" In Disneyland's original \"Star Tours\" attraction, a maintenance droid listens to a song called \"I Want to Weld Your Hand.",
"\""
] | [
4
] |
Fighters | When did the Mk IIa series 1 Hurricanes first enter service? | Battle of Britain | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"The \"Luftwaffe\"'s Messerschmitt Bf 109E and Bf 110C fought against the RAF's workhorse Hurricane Mk I and the less numerous Spitfire Mk I.",
"The Bf 109E had a better climb rate and was faster than the Hurricane Mk I, depending on altitude.",
"In spring and summer 1940, RAF fighters benefited from increased availability of 100 octane aviation fuel, which allowed their Merlin engines to generate significantly more power through the use of an Emergency Boost Override.",
"In September 1940, the more powerful Mk IIa series 1 Hurricanes started entering service in small numbers.",
"This version was capable of a maximum speed of , some more than the Mk I.",
"The performance of the Spitfire over Dunkirk came as a surprise to the \"Jagdwaffe\", although the German pilots retained a strong belief that the 109 was the superior fighter.",
"The British fighters were equipped with eight Browning .303 (7.7mm) machine guns, while most Bf 109Es had two 7.92mm machine guns supplemented by two 20mm cannons.",
"The latter was much more effective than the .303; many German planes landed despite large numbers of .303 hits.",
"At some altitudes, the Bf 109 could outclimb the British fighter.",
"It could also engage in vertical-plane negative-\"g\" manœuvres without the engine cutting out because its DB 601 engine used fuel injection; this allowed the 109 to dive away from attackers more readily than the carburettor equipped Merlin.",
"On the other hand, the Bf 109E had a much larger turning circle than its two foes.",
"In general, though, as Alfred Price noted in \"The Spitfire Story\":The Bf 109 was also used as a \"Jabo\" (\"jagdbomber\", fighter-bomber)—the E-4/B and E-7 models could carry a 250 kg bomb underneath the fuselage, the later model arriving during the Battle.",
"The Bf 109, unlike the \"Stuka\", could fight on equal terms with RAF fighters after releasing its ordnance.",
"At the start of the battle, the twin-engined Messerschmitt Bf 110C long range \"Zerstörer\" (\"Destroyer\") was also expected to engage in air-to-air combat while escorting the \"Luftwaffe\" bomber fleet.",
"Although the 110 was faster than the Hurricane and almost as fast as the Spitfire, its lack of manoeuvrability and acceleration meant that it was a failure as a long-range escort fighter.",
"On 13 and 15 August, 13 and 30 aircraft were lost, the equivalent of an entire \"Gruppe\", and the type's worst losses during the campaign.",
"This trend continued with a further eight and fifteen lost on 16 and 17 August.",
"Göring ordered the Bf 110 units to operate \"where the range of the single-engined machines were not sufficient\".",
"The most successful role of the Bf 110 during the battle was as a \"Schnellbomber\" (fast bomber).",
"The Bf 110 usually used a shallow dive to bomb the target and escaped at high speed.",
"One unit, \"Erprobungsgruppe 210\" – initially formed as the service test unit (\"Erprobungskommando\") for the emerging successor to the 110, the Me 210 – proved that the Bf 110 could still be used to good effect in attacking small or \"pinpoint\" targets.",
"The RAF's Boulton Paul Defiant had some initial success over Dunkirk because of its resemblance to the Hurricane; \"Luftwaffe\" fighters attacking from the rear were surprised by its unusual gun turret.",
"However, during the Battle of Britain, this single-engined two-seater proved hopelessly outclassed.",
"For various reasons, the Defiant lacked any form of forward-firing armament, and the heavy turret and second crewman meant it could not outrun or outmanœuvre either the Bf 109 or Bf 110.",
"By the end of August, after disastrous losses, the aircraft was withdrawn from daylight service."
] | [
2
] |
Critical reception | Which festival did Captain Phillips open for? | Captain Phillips (film) | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Captain Phillips\" premiered on September 28, 2013, opening the 2013 New York Film Festival.",
"The film was praised for its direction, screenplay, production values, cinematography, and the performances of Tom Hanks and Barkhad Abdi.",
"\"Captain Phillips\" received widespread critical acclaim.",
"Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports a 93% approval critic response based on 235 reviews, with a \"Certified Fresh\" and an average score of 8.3/10.",
"The site's consensus reads: \"Smart, powerfully acted, and incredibly intense, \"Captain Phillips\" offers filmgoers a Hollywood biopic done right—and offers Tom Hanks a showcase for yet another brilliant performance.\"",
"Metacritic gives the film a score of 83/100 based on 48 reviews of a \"Universal Acclaim\".",
"The film was nominated for 4 Golden Globes, including Best Picture (Drama), Best Actor in a Drama (Hanks), Best Supporting Actor (Abdi) and Best Director (Greengrass).",
"It did not win in any of the categories.",
"The film was also nominated for 9 BAFTA Awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Greengrass), Best Actor (Hanks), Best Supporting Actor (Abdi) and Best Adapted Screenplay.",
"Abdi won the film's only BAFTA for Best Supporting Actor.",
"The film was also nominated for six Academy Awards; Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor (Abdi), Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing.",
"It did not win in any of the categories."
] | [] |
Natural features | The Great Smoky Mountains National Park has how many black bears? | Great Smoky Mountains National Park | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
15
] | [
"Elevations in the park range from at the mouth of Abrams Creek to at the summit of Clingmans Dome.",
"Within the park a total of sixteen mountains reach higher than 6,000 feet (1829 m).",
"The wide range of elevations mimics the latitudinal changes found throughout the entire eastern United States.",
"Indeed, ascending the mountains is comparable to a trip from Tennessee to Canada.",
"Plants and animals common in the country's Northeast have found suitable ecological niches in the park's higher elevations, while southern species find homes in the balmier lower reaches.",
"During the most recent ice age, the northeast-to-southwest orientation of the Appalachian mountains allowed species to migrate southward along the slopes rather than finding the mountains to be a barrier.",
"As climate warms, many northern species are now retreating upward along the slopes and withdrawing northward, while southern species are expanding.",
"The park normally has very high humidity and precipitation, averaging from 55 inches (1,400 mm) per year in the valleys to 85 inches (2,200 mm) per year on the peaks.",
"This is more annual rainfall than anywhere in the United States outside the Pacific Northwest and parts of Alaska and Hawaii.",
"It is also generally cooler than the lower elevations below, and most of the park has a humid continental climate more comparable to locations much farther north, as opposed to the humid subtropical climate in the lowlands.",
"The park is almost 95 percent forested, and almost 36 percent of it, , is estimated by the Park Service to be old growth forest with many trees that predate European settlement of the area.",
"It is one of the largest blocks of deciduous, temperate, old growth forest in North America.",
"The variety of elevations, the abundant rainfall, and the presence of old growth forests give the park an unusual richness of biota.",
"About 10,000 species of plants and animals are known to live in the park, and estimates as high as an additional 90,000 undocumented species may also be present.",
"Park officials count more than 200 species of birds, 66 species of mammals, 50 species of fish, 39 species of reptiles, and 43 species of amphibians, including many lungless salamanders.",
"The park has a noteworthy black bear population, numbering about 1,500.",
"An experimental re-introduction of elk (wapiti) into the park began in 2001.",
"Over 100 species of trees grow in the park.",
"The lower region forests are dominated by deciduous leafy trees.",
"At higher altitudes, deciduous forests give way to coniferous trees like Fraser Fir.",
"In addition, the park has over 1,400 flowering plant species and over 4,000 species of non-flowering plants."
] | [
5
] |
Origin of volleyball | What was volleyball originally named when it was first created? | Volleyball | true | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"Origin of volleyball.",
"On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called \"Mintonette\" as a pastime to be played (preferably) indoors and by any number of players.",
"The game took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball.",
"Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before.",
"Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort.",
"The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called for a net high, a court, and any number of players.",
"A match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents’ court.",
"In case of a serving error, a second try was allowed.",
"Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the point or a side-out)—except in the case of the first-try serve.",
"After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the International YMCA Training School (now called Springfield College), the game quickly became known as \"volleyball\" (it was originally spelled as two words: \"\"volley ball\"\").",
"Volleyball rules were slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the game spread around the country to various YMCAs."
] | [
2,
0
] |
Population increase | What were the causes of Brtain's population doubling every 50 years? | Industrial Revolution | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"According to Robert Hughes in \"The Fatal Shore\", the population of England and Wales, which had remained steady at 6 million from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740.",
"The population of England had more than doubled from 8.3 million in 1801 to 16.8 million in 1850 and, by 1901, had nearly doubled again to 30.5 million.",
"As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Britain's population doubled every 50 years.",
"Europe's population increased from about 100 million in 1700 to 400 million by 1900.",
"The Industrial Revolution was the first period in history during which there was a simultaneous increase in population and in per capita income."
] | [
0
] |
Cover versions | Where was Lindsey Stirling's music video filmed? | We Found Love | false | 0MUSIC
| [
16
] | [
"British pop rock band McFly covered \"We Found Love\" on their \"Keep Calm And Play Lounder\" tour 2012.",
"Kele Okereke sang a verse of the song as the intro to his band Bloc Party's song \"Flux\" on their June 2012 U.K. tour.",
"British alternative rock band Coldplay covered the song on October 27, 2011, during a performance at BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge.",
"Jocelyn Vena of MTV News called the performance \"flawless\", writing \"Lead singer Chris Martin's haunting vocals and the band's acoustic rendition, using drums, piano and guitar, play up the sadness of the track.\"",
"Jason Lipshutz of \"Billboard\" magazine also noted that the band used \"piano flourishes, a kick drum and a simple guitar lick to convey the song's romantic declaration\", while making a ballad which was \"reminiscent of Bruno Mars emotional reworking of Katy Perry's 'California Gurls.",
"Matthew Perpetua of \"Rolling Stone\" wrote: \"It may surprise that their rendition is actually pretty good.",
"Whereas Rihanna's version is a thumping rave anthem, Chris Martin and company transform it into a lovely piano ballad nearly indistinguishable from many of their own songs.\"",
"A writer for \"The Hollywood Reporter\" said: \"Martin's vocals blend with the piano for a slightly softer take on the tragic love story.\"",
"On February 17, 2012, British singer Jessie J made a cover of the song on BBC Radio1's Live Lounge.",
"Lea Michele and Naya Rivera covered the song in the climax of the third season's tenth episode of \"Glee\", \"Yes/No\".",
"Romanian X Factor contestant Diana Hetea performed \"We Found Love\" in the \"Public's Choice Gala\" on December 10, 2011.",
"Even though ill of laryngitis, Hetea's performance was praised all three judges that called it \" Perfect match for her!\"",
"both visually and vocally.",
"Kris Allen also covered the song mashing it with other songs by Katy Perry and other female artists.",
"Carmen Smith also performed \"We Found Love\" for her battle round in the Australian Version of the Voice which saw her through to next round.",
"In October 2012, British singer Ed Sheeran did an acoustic cover of the song for Sirius XM Radio.",
"Lindsey Stirling covered it in a music video filmed in a Kenyan village."
] | [
4
] |
Personnel | What recording studio was STARSHIPS mixed at? | Starships (song) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"Recording",
"Recorded at Kinglet Studios, Stockholm, Sweden, and Conway Recording Studios, Hollywood, California, United States",
"Mixed at Conway Recording Studios",
"Personnel",
"Nicki Minaj – vocals, songwriter",
"RedOne – songwriter, producer, instruments",
"Carl Falk – songwriter, producer, mixing, additional vocals, instruments, guitar",
"Rami Yacoub – songwriter, producer, mixing, vocal editing, instruments",
"Wayne Hector – songwriter, additional vocals",
"Trevor Muzzy – recording, mixing, vocal editing",
"Ariel Chobaz – recording",
"Jon Sher – recording assistant",
"Mohombi – additional vocals"
] | [
0
] |
Healthcare | What kind of fee might a person be required to pay for certain health care received? | Republic of Ireland | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"Although the Irish healthcare system comes under constant criticism from politicians and the public, Ireland has one of the most developed systems of healthcare in the world and healthcare professionals who are highly trained.",
"Healthcare in Ireland is provided by both public and private healthcare providers.",
"The Minister for Health has responsibility for setting overall health service policy.",
"Every resident of Ireland is entitled to receive health care through the public health care system, which is managed by the Health Service Executive and funded by general taxation.",
"A person may be required to pay a subsidised fee for certain health care received; this depends on income, age, illness or disability.",
"All maternity services are provided free of charge and children up to the age of 6 months.",
"Emergency care is provided to patients who present to a hospital Emergency Department.",
"However, visitors to Emergency Departments in non-emergency situations who are not referred by their GP may incur a fee of €100.",
"In some circumstances this fee is not payable or may be waived.",
"Anyone holding a European Health Insurance Card is entitled to free maintenance and treatment in public beds in Health Service Executive and voluntary hospitals.",
"Outpatient services are also provided for free.",
"However, the majority of patients on median incomes or above are required to pay subsidised hospital charges.",
"Private health insurance is available to the population for those who want to avail of it.",
"The average life expectancy in Ireland in 2012 is 81 years (OECD average life expectancy in 2012 was 80 years), with 78.2 years for men and 83.6 years for women.",
"It has the highest birth rate in the EU (16.8 births per 1,000 inhabitants, compared to an EU average of 10.7) and a very low infant mortality rate (3.5 per 1,000 live births).",
"The Irish healthcare system ranked 13th out of 34 European countries in 2012 according to the European Health Consumer Index produced by Health Consumer Powerhouse.",
"The same report ranked The Irish healthcare system as having the 8th best health outcomes but only the 21st most accessible system in Europe."
] | [
0
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.