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Motion pictures | Where is the world's most-watched cinema produced? | India | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The Indian film industry produces the world's most-watched cinema.",
"Established regional cinematic traditions exist in the Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu languages.",
"South Indian cinema attracts more than 75% of national film revenue.",
"Television broadcasting began in India in 1959 as a state-run medium of communication, and had slow expansion for more than two decades.",
"The state monopoly on television broadcast ended in the 1990s and, since then, satellite channels have increasingly shaped popular culture of Indian society.",
"Today, television is the most penetrative media in India; industry estimates indicate that as of 2012 there are over 554 million TV consumers, 462 million with satellite and/or cable connections, compared to other forms of mass media such as press (350 million), radio (156 million) or internet (37 million)."
] | [
4
] |
Casting | What bodily changes did Brad Pitt undergo for his role in Fight Club? | Fight Club | true | 6MOVIES
| [
13,
14,
15
] | [
"Producer Ross Bell met with actor Russell Crowe to discuss his candidacy for the role of Tyler Durden.",
"Producer Art Linson, who joined the project late, met with another candidate, Brad Pitt.",
"Linson was the senior producer of the two, so the studio sought to cast Pitt instead of Crowe.",
"Pitt was looking for a new film after the failure of his 1998 film \"Meet Joe Black\", and the studio believed \"Fight Club\" would be more commercially successful with a major star.",
"The studio signed Pitt and offered him a $17.5 million salary.",
"For the role of the unnamed narrator, the studio desired a \"sexier marquee name\" like Matt Damon to increase the film's commercial prospects; it also considered Sean Penn.",
"Fincher instead considered Edward Norton a candidate for the role, based on the actor's performance in the 1996 film \"The People vs. Larry Flynt\".",
"Other studios were approaching Norton for leading roles in developing films like \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\" and \"Man on the Moon\".",
"The actor was cast in \"Runaway Jury\", but the film did not reach production.",
"20th Century Fox offered Norton a $2.5 million salary to attract him to \"Fight Club\".",
"Norton could not accept the offer immediately since he still owed Paramount Pictures a film; he had signed a contractual obligation with Paramount to appear in one of the studio's future films for a smaller salary (Norton later satisfied the obligation with his role in the 2003 film \"The Italian Job\").",
"In January 1998, 20th Century Fox announced that Brad Pitt and Edward Norton were cast in the film.",
"The actors prepared for their roles by taking lessons in boxing, taekwondo, grappling, and soapmaking.",
"Pitt voluntarily visited a dentist to have pieces of his front teeth chipped off so his character would not have perfect teeth.",
"The pieces were restored after filming concluded.",
"Fincher's first choice for the role of Marla Singer was Janeane Garofalo, who objected to the film's sexual content.",
"The filmmakers considered Courtney Love and Winona Ryder as candidates early on.",
"The studio wanted to cast Reese Witherspoon, but Fincher objected that she was too young for the role.",
"He chose to cast Helena Bonham Carter based on her performance in the 1997 film \"The Wings of the Dove\"."
] | [
0
] |
Architecture | When was the Elysian tower completed? | Republic of Ireland | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
27
] | [
"Ireland has a wealth of structures, surviving in various states of preservation, from the Neolithic period, such as \"Brú na Bóinne\", Poulnabrone dolmen, Castlestrange stone, Turoe stone, and Drombeg stone circle.",
"As the Romans never conquered Ireland, architecture of Greco-Roman origin is extremely rare.",
"The country instead had an extended period of Iron Age architecture.",
"The Irish round tower originated during the Early Medieval period.",
"Christianity introduced simple monastic houses, such as Clonmacnoise, Skellig Michael and Scattery Island.",
"A stylistic similarity has been remarked between these double monasteries and those of the Copts of Egypt.",
"Gaelic kings and aristocrats occupied ringforts or \"crannógs\".",
"Church reforms during the 12th century via the Cistercians stimulated continental influence, with the Romanesque styled Mellifont, Boyle and Tintern abbeys.",
"Gaelic settlement had been limited to the Monastic proto-towns, such as Kells, where the current street pattern preserves the original circular settlement outline to some extent.",
"Significant urban settlements only developed following the period of Viking invasions.",
"The major Hiberno-Norse Longphorts were located on the coast, but with minor inland fluvial settlements, such as the eponymous Longford.",
"Castles were built by the Normans during the late 12th century, such as Dublin Castle and Kilkenny Castle, and the concept of the planned walled trading town was introduced, which gained legal status and several rights by grant of a Charter under Feudalism.",
"These charters specifically governed the design of these towns.",
"Two significant waves of planned town formation followed, the first being the 16th and 17th century plantation towns, which were used as a mechanism for the Tudor English kings to suppress local insurgency, followed by 18th century landlord towns.",
"Surviving Norman founded planned towns include Drogheda and Youghal; plantation towns include Portlaoise and Portarlington; well-preserved 18th century planned towns include Westport and Ballinasloe.",
"These episodes of planned settlement account for the majority of present day towns throughout the country.",
"Gothic cathedrals, such as St Patrick's, were also introduced by the Normans.",
"Franciscans were dominant in directing the abbeys by the Late Middle Ages, while elegant tower houses, such as Bunratty Castle, were built by the Gaelic and Norman aristocracy.",
"Many religious buildings were ruined with the Dissolution of the Monasteries.",
"Following the Restoration, palladianism and rococo, particularly country houses, swept through Ireland under the initiative of Edward Lovett Pearce, with the Houses of Parliament being the most significant.",
"With the erection of buildings such as The Custom House, Four Courts, General Post Office and King's Inns, the neoclassical and Georgian styles flourished, especially in Dublin.",
"Georgian townhouses produced streets of singular distinction, particularly in Dublin, Limerick and Cork.",
"Following Catholic Emancipation, cathedrals and churches influenced by the French Gothic Revival emerged, such as St Colman's and St Finbarre's.",
"Ireland has long been associated with thatched roof cottages, though these are nowadays considered quaint.",
"Beginning with the American designed art deco church at Turner's Cross in 1927, Irish architecture followed the international trend towards modern and sleek building styles since the 20th century.",
"Recent developments include the regeneration of Ballymun and an urban extension of Dublin at Adamstown.",
"Since the establishment of the Dublin Docklands Development Authority in 1997, the Dublin Docklands area underwent large-scale redevelopment, which included the construction of the Convention Centre Dublin and Grand Canal Theatre.",
"Completed in 2008, the Elysian tower in Cork is the tallest storeyed building in Ireland, at a height of , surpassing Cork County Hall.",
"The Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland regulates the practice of architecture in the state."
] | [
2
] |
Institutions | Where is contemporary medicine in general practiced? | Medicine | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Contemporary medicine is in general conducted within health care systems.",
"Legal, credentialing and financing frameworks are established by individual governments, augmented on occasion by international organizations, such as churches.",
"The characteristics of any given health care system have significant impact on the way medical care is provided.",
"From ancient times, Christian emphasis on practical charity gave rise to the development of systematic nursing and hospitals and the Catholic Church today remains the largest non-government provider of medical services in the world.",
"Advanced industrial countries (with the exception of the United States) and many developing countries provide medical services through a system of universal health care that aims to guarantee care for all through a single-payer health care system, or compulsory private or co-operative health insurance.",
"This is intended to ensure that the entire population has access to medical care on the basis of need rather than ability to pay.",
"Delivery may be via private medical practices or by state-owned hospitals and clinics, or by charities, most commonly by a combination of all three.",
"Most tribal societies, and the United States, provide no guarantee of healthcare for the population as a whole.",
"In such societies, healthcare is available to those that can afford to pay for it or have self-insured it (either directly or as part of an employment contract) or who may be covered by care financed by the government or tribe directly.",
"Transparency of information is another factor defining a delivery system.",
"Access to information on conditions, treatments, quality, and pricing greatly affects the choice by patients/consumers and, therefore, the incentives of medical professionals.",
"While the US healthcare system has come under fire for lack of openness, new legislation may encourage greater openness.",
"There is a perceived tension between the need for transparency on the one hand and such issues as patient confidentiality and the possible exploitation of information for commercial gain on the other."
] | [
4
] |
Old age, 1513–19 | Have Francis I and Pope Leo X ever been in the same place? | Leonardo da Vinci | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"From September 1513 to 1516, under Pope Leo X, Leonardo spent much of his time living in the Belvedere in the Vatican in Rome, where Raphael and Michelangelo were both active at the time.",
"In October 1515, Francis I of France recaptured Milan.",
"On December 19, Leonardo was present at the meeting of Francis I and Pope Leo X, which took place in Bologna.",
"Leonardo was commissioned to make for Francis a mechanical lion which could walk forward, then open its chest to reveal a cluster of lilies.",
"In 1516, he entered François' service, being given the use of the manor house Clos Lucé near the king's residence at the royal Château d'Amboise.",
"It was here that he spent the last three years of his life, accompanied by his friend and apprentice, Count Francesco Melzi, and supported by a pension totalling 10,000 scudi.",
"Leonardo died at Clos Lucé, on May 2, 1519.",
"Francis I had become a close friend.",
"Vasari records that the king held Leonardo's head in his arms as he died, although this story, beloved by the French and portrayed in romantic paintings by Ingres, Ménageot and other French artists, as well as by Angelica Kauffman, may be legend rather than fact.",
"Vasari states that in his last days, Leonardo sent for a priest to make his confession and to receive the Holy Sacrament.",
"In accordance with his will, sixty beggars followed his casket.",
"Melzi was the principal heir and executor, receiving as well as money, Leonardo's paintings, tools, library and personal effects.",
"Leonardo also remembered his other long-time pupil and companion, Salai and his servant Battista di Vilussis, who each received half of Leonardo's vineyards, his brothers who received land, and his serving woman who received a black cloak \"of good stuff\" with a fur edge.",
"Leonardo da Vinci was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in Château d'Amboise, in France.",
"Some 20 years after Leonardo's death, Francis was reported by the goldsmith and sculptor Benevenuto Cellini as saying: \"There had never been another man born in the world who knew as much as Leonardo, not so much about painting, sculpture and architecture, as that he was a very great philosopher.\""
] | [] |
Conception | Modern Family was originally titled what? | Modern Family | true | 1TV
| [
3
] | [
"As creators Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan retold stories about their families, they realized that the stories could be the basis for a show.",
"They started working on the idea of a family being observed in a mockumentary-style show.",
"They later decided that it could be a show about three families and their experiences.",
"It was originally called \"My American Family\".",
"The creators pitched it to the Big Three television networks (they did not pitch it to Fox because of issues Lloyd had with the network over \"Back to You\").",
"CBS, which was not ready to use the single-camera style of filming nor ready to make another large commitment, rejected the series.",
"The network had recently aired \"Welcome to The Captain\" and \"Worst Week\", two single-camera sitcoms that lasted only one season (CBS would not attempt another single-camera series until 2013, when it picked up both \"We Are Men\" and \"The Crazy Ones\" for its fall lineup; \"We Are Men\" was cancelled after two episodes).",
"NBC, already broadcasting \"The Office\" and \"Parks and Recreation\", decided against taking on a third mockumentary-style show.",
"ABC accepted the series and picked it up for a full season."
] | [
0
] |
Ore | In 1940, where was the richest source of uranium? | Manhattan Project | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
8
] | [
"The key raw material for the project was uranium, which was used as fuel for the reactors, as feed that was transformed into plutonium, and, in its enriched form, in the atomic bomb itself.",
"There were four known major deposits of uranium in 1940: in Colorado, in northern Canada, in Joachimstal in Czechoslovakia, and in the Belgian Congo.",
"All but Joachimstal were in allied hands.",
"A November 1942 survey determined that sufficient quantities of uranium were available to satisfy the project's requirements.",
"Nichols arranged with the State Department for export controls to be placed on uranium oxide and negotiated for the purchase of of uranium ore from the Belgian Congo that was being stored in a warehouse on Staten Island and the remaining stocks of mined ore stored in the Congo.",
"He negotiated with Eldorado Gold Mines for the purchase of ore from its mine in Port Hope, Ontario, and its shipment in 100-ton lots.",
"The Canadian government subsequently bought up the company's stock until it acquired a controlling interest.",
"While these purchases assured a sufficient supply to meet wartime needs, the American and British leaders concluded that it was in their countries' interest to gain control of as much of the world's uranium deposits as possible.",
"The richest source of ore was the Shinkolobwe mine in the Belgian Congo, but it was flooded and closed.",
"Nichols unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate its reopening and the sale of the entire future output to the United States with Edgar Sengier, the director of the company that owned the mine, Union Minière du Haut Katanga.",
"The matter was then taken up by the Combined Policy Committee.",
"As 30 percent of Union Minière's stock was controlled by British interests, the British took the lead in negotiations.",
"Sir John Anderson and Ambassador John Winant hammered out a deal with Sengier and the Belgian government in May 1944 for the mine to be reopened and of ore to be purchased at $1.45 a pound.",
"To avoid dependence on the British and Canadians for ore, Groves also arranged for the purchase of US Vanadium Corporation's stockpile in Uravan, Colorado.",
"Uranium mining in Colorado yielded about of ore. Mallinckrodt Incorporated in St. Louis, Missouri, took the raw ore and dissolved it in nitric acid to produce uranyl nitrate.",
"Ether was then added in a liquid–liquid extraction process to separate the impurities from the uranyl nitrate.",
"This was then heated to form uranium trioxide, which was reduced to highly pure uranium dioxide.",
"By July 1942, Mallinckrodt was producing a ton of highly pure oxide a day, but turning this into uranium metal initially proved more difficult for contractors Westinghouse and Metal Hydrides.",
"Production was too slow and quality was unacceptably low.",
"A special branch of the Metallurgical Laboratory was established at Iowa State College in Ames, Iowa, under Frank Spedding to investigate alternatives, and its Ames process became available in 1943."
] | [
4
] |
Property boom and bust | In what year did the bubble burst? | Spain | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"The adoption of the Euro saw a marked reduction in interest rates to historic lows.",
"The growth in the Spanish property market, which had begun in 1997, accelerated and within a few years had developed into a property bubble, financed largely by the cajas (regional savings banks under the oversight of the regional governments) and fed by the historically low interest rates and a massive growth of immigration.",
"The Spanish economy was credited for having avoided the virtual zero growth rate of some of its largest partners in the EU.",
"The country's economy created more than half of all the new jobs in the European Union over the five years ending 2005.",
"The bubble imploded in 2008, causing the collapse of Spain's large property related and construction sectors, causing mass layoffs, and a collapsing domestic demand for goods and services.",
"By the end of May 2009, unemployment reached 18.7% (37% for youths).",
"At first, Spain's banks and financial services avoided the early crisis of their counterparts in the US and UK.",
"This was particularly the case with Spain's international banks, Banco Santander and BBVA, that had diversified, international portfolios and had actively limited their exposure to housing mortgage risk.",
"Banco Santander was able to profit from the global financial crisis by taking over distressed British banking firms.",
"However, as the recession deepened and property prices slid, the growing bad debts of the smaller regional savings banks, the cajas, forced the intervention of Spain's central bank and government through a stabilisation and consolidation program, taking over or consolidating regional cajas and finally receiving a bank bailout from the European Central Bank in 2012."
] | [
0
] |
Offensive tactics | In the game of hockey, which forchek system is the most defensive? | Ice hockey | true | 4SPORT
| [
24
] | [
"Offensive tactics include improving a team's position on the ice by advancing the puck out of one's zone towards the opponent's zone, progressively by gaining lines, first your own blue line, then the red line and finally the opponent's blue line.",
"NHL rules instated for the 2006 season redefined offside to make the two-line pass legal; a player may pass the puck from behind his own blue line, past both that blue line and the centre red line, to a player on the near side of the opponents' blue line.",
"Offensive tactics are designed ultimately to score a goal by taking a shot.",
"When a player purposely directs the puck towards the opponent's goal, he or she is said to \"shoot\" the puck.",
"A \"deflection\" is a shot that redirects a shot or a pass towards the goal from another player, by allowing the puck to strike the stick and carom towards the goal.",
"A \"one-timer\" is a shot struck directly off a pass, without receiving the pass and shooting in two separate actions.",
"\"Headmanning the puck\", also known as \"cherry-picking\" or \"breaking out\", is the tactic of rapidly passing to the player farthest down the ice.",
"A team that is losing by one or two goals in the last few minutes of play will often elect to \"pull the goalie\"; that is, remove the goaltender and replace him or her with an \"extra attacker\" on the ice in the hope of gaining enough advantage to score a goal.",
"However, it is an act of desperation, as it sometimes leads to the opposing team extending their lead by scoring a goal in the empty net.",
"A \"delayed penalty call\" occurs when a penalty offense is committed by the team that does not have possession of the puck.",
"In this circumstance the team with possession of the puck is allowed to complete the play; that is, play continues until a goal is scored, a player on the opposing team gains control of the puck, or the team in possession commits an infraction or penalty of their own.",
"Because the team on which the penalty was called cannot control the puck without stopping play, it is impossible for them to score a goal.",
"However, it is possible for the controlling team to mishandle the puck into their own net.",
"In these cases the team in possession of the puck can pull the goalie for an extra attacker without fear of being scored on.",
"If a delayed penalty is signaled and the team in possession scores, the penalty is still assessed to the offending player, but not served.",
"This rule was recently changed by the NCAA for college level hockey in the United States.",
"In college games, the penalty is still enforced even if the team in possession scores.",
"One of the most important strategies for a team is their \"forecheck\".",
"Forechecking is the act of attacking the opposition in their defensive zone.",
"Forechecking is an important part of the \"dump and chase\" strategy (i.e.",
"shooting the puck into the offensive zone and then chasing after it).",
"Each team will use their own unique system but the main ones are: 2–1–2, 1–2–2, and 1–4.",
"The 2–1–2 is the most basic forecheck system where two forwards will go in deep and pressure the opposition's defencemen, the third forward stays high and the two defencemen stay at the blueline.",
"The 1–2–2 is a bit more conservative system where one forward pressures the puck carrier and the other two forwards cover the oppositions' wingers, with the two defencemen staying at the blueline.",
"The 1–4 is the most defensive forecheck system, referred to as the trap, where one forward will apply pressure to the puck carrier around the oppositions' blueline and the other 4 players stand basically in a line by their blueline in hopes the opposition will skate into one of them.",
"There are many other little tactics used in the game of hockey.",
"\"Pinching\" is the term used when a defencemen pressures the opposition's winger in the offensive zone when they are breaking out, attempting to stop their attack and keep the puck in the offensive zone.",
"A \"saucer pass\" is a pass used when an opposition's stick or body is in the passing lane.",
"It is the act of raising the puck over the obstruction and having it land on a teammate's stick."
] | [] |
In RNA processing | How are snoRNAs guided to a spot on an RNA? | RNA | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"Many RNAs are involved in modifying other RNAs.",
"Introns are spliced out of pre-mRNA by spliceosomes, which contain several small nuclear RNAs (snRNA), or the introns can be ribozymes that are spliced by themselves.RNA can also be altered by having its nucleotides modified to other nucleotides than A, C, G and U.",
"In eukaryotes, modifications of RNA nucleotides are in general directed by small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA; 60-300 nt), found in the nucleolus and cajal bodies.",
"snoRNAs associate with enzymes and guide them to a spot on an RNA by basepairing to that RNA.",
"These enzymes then perform the nucleotide modification.",
"rRNAs and tRNAs are extensively modified, but snRNAs and mRNAs can also be the target of base modification.",
"RNA can also be methylated."
] | [
5
] |
Solar wind and the magnetosphere | What are typical values for speed, density and intensity for the solar wind? | Aurora | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
1,
2
] | [
"The Earth is constantly immersed in the solar wind, a rarefied flow of hot plasma (gas of free electrons and positive ions) emitted by the Sun in all directions, a result of the two-million-degree heat of the Sun's outermost layer, the corona.",
"The solar wind usually reaches Earth with a velocity around 400 km/s, density around 5 ions/cm3 and magnetic field intensity around 2–5 nT (nanoteslas; Earth's surface field is typically 30,000–50,000 nT).",
"These are typical values.",
"During magnetic storms, in particular, flows can be several times faster; the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) may also be much stronger.",
"The IMF originates on the Sun, related to the field of sunspots, and its field lines (lines of force) are dragged out by the solar wind.",
"That alone would tend to line them up in the Sun-Earth direction, but the rotation of the Sun skews them (at Earth) by about 45 degrees, so that field lines passing Earth may actually start near the western edge (\"limb\") of the visible Sun.",
"Earth's magnetosphere is formed by the impact of the solar wind on the Earth's magnetic field.",
"It forms an obstacle to the solar wind, diverting it, at an average distance of about 70,000 km (11 Earth radii or Re), forming a bow shock 12,000 km to 15,000 km (1.9 to 2.4 Re) further upstream.",
"The width of the magnetosphere abreast of Earth, is typically 190,000 km (30 Re), and on the night side a long \"magnetotail\" of stretched field lines extends to great distances (> 200 Re).",
"The magnetosphere is full of trapped plasma as the solar wind passes the Earth.",
"The flow of plasma into the magnetosphere increases with increases in solar wind density and speed, with increase in the southward component of the IMF and with increases in turbulence in the solar wind flow.",
"The flow pattern of magnetospheric plasma is from the magnetotail toward the Earth, around the Earth and back into the solar wind through the magnetopause on the day-side.",
"In addition to moving perpendicular to the Earth's magnetic field, some magnetospheric plasma travel down along the Earth's magnetic field lines and lose energy to the atmosphere in the auroral zones.",
"Magnetospheric electrons accelerated downward by field-aligned electric fields cause the bright aurora features.",
"The un-accelerated electrons and ions cause the dim glow of the diffuse aurora."
] | [
0
] |
Electrolysis of water | What describes the "overall reaction"? | Electrochemistry | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
10
] | [
"Water can be converted to its component elemental gasses, H2 and O2 through the application of an external voltage.",
"Water doesn't decompose into hydrogen and oxygen spontaneously as the Gibbs free energy for the process at standard conditions is about 474.4 kJ.",
"The decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen can be performed in an electrolytic cell.",
"In it, a pair of inert electrodes usually made of platinum immersed in water act as anode and cathode in the electrolytic process.",
"The electrolysis starts with the application of an external voltage between the electrodes.",
"This process will not occur except at extremely high voltages without an electrolyte such as sodium chloride or sulfuric acid (most used 0.1 M).",
"Bubbles from the gases will be seen near both electrodes.",
"The following half reactions describe the process mentioned above:",
"\"Anode (oxidation)\": 2 H2O(l) → O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4 e–",
"\"Cathode (reduction)\": 2 H2O(g) + 2 e– → H2(g) + 2 OH–(aq)",
"\"Overall reaction\": 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)",
"Although strong acids may be used in the apparatus, the reaction will not net consume the acid.",
"While this reaction will work at any conductive electrode at a sufficiently large potential, platinum catalyzes both hydrogen and oxygen formation, allowing for relatively mild voltages (~2 V depending on the pH)."
] | [
0
] |
Nuclear power | Who is responsible for operating Pakistan's power plants? | Pakistan | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"As of 2012, nuclear power in Pakistan is provided by three licensed-commercial nuclear power plants.",
"Pakistan is the first Muslim country in the world to construct and operate civil nuclear power plants.",
"The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), the scientific and nuclear governmental agency, is solely responsible for operating these power plants.",
"As of 2012, the electricity generated by commercial nuclear power plants constitutes roughly ~3.6% of electricity generated in Pakistan, compared to ~62% from fossil fuel, ~33% from hydroelectric power and ~0.3% from coal.",
"Pakistan is one of the four nuclear armed states (along with India, Israel, and North Korea) that is not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty but is a member in good standing of the International Atomic Energy Agency.",
"The People's Republic of China has been a strong vocal and avid supporter of Pakistan's nuclear power generation programme from early on.",
"In 2005, both Pakistan government and the Chinese government adopted an Energy Security Plan, calling for a huge increase in generating capacity to more than 160,000 MWe by 2030.",
"Pakistan Government plans for lifting nuclear capacity to 8800 MWe, 900 MWe of it by 2015 and a further 1500 MWe by 2020.",
"In June 2008, the Pakistani Government announced plans to build commercial nuclear power plants III and IV commercial nuclear power plants at Chashma, Punjab Province, each with 320–340 MWe and costing PKR 129 billion, 80 billion of this from international sources, principally China.",
"A further agreement for China's help with the project was signed in October 2008, and given prominence as a counter to the US–India agreement shortly preceding it.",
"Cost quoted then was US$ 1.7 billion, with a foreign loan component of $1.07 billion."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | At what point did a project involving more maintenance and restoration begin? | Notre Dame de Paris | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
7
] | [
"Notre-Dame de Paris (; French for \"Our Lady of Paris\"), also known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or simply Notre-Dame, is a historic Catholic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France.",
"The cathedral is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world.",
"The naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture.",
"As the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, Notre-Dame is the parish that contains the \"cathedra\", or official chair, of the archbishop of Paris, currently Cardinal André Vingt-Trois.",
"The cathedral treasury is notable for its reliquary which houses some of Catholicism's most important first-class relics including the purported Crown of Thorns, a fragment of the True Cross, and one of the Holy Nails.",
"In the 1790s, Notre-Dame suffered desecration during the radical phase of the French Revolution when much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed.",
"An extensive restoration supervised by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc began in 1845.",
"A project of further restoration and maintenance began in 1991."
] | [
0
] |
Production | What was the illness that caused Greene's death prior to the release of the Shawshank Redemption | The Shawshank Redemption | true | 6MOVIES
| [
17
] | [
"Darabont secured the film adaptation rights from author Stephen King after impressing the author with his short film adaptation of \"The Woman in the Room\" in 1983.",
"Although the two had become friends and maintained a pen-pal relationship, Darabont did not work with him until four years later in 1987, when he optioned to adapt \"Shawshank\".",
"This is one of the more famous Dollar Deals made by King with aspiring filmmakers.",
"Darabont later directed \"The Green Mile\" (1999), which was based on another work about a prison by Stephen King, and then followed that up with an adaptation of King's novella \"The Mist\".",
"Rob Reiner, who had previously adapted another King novella, \"The Body\", into the film \"Stand by Me\" (1986), offered $2.5 million in an attempt to write and direct \"Shawshank\".",
"He planned to cast Tom Cruise in the part of Andy and Harrison Ford as Red.",
"Darabont seriously considered and liked Reiner's vision, but he ultimately decided it was his \"chance to do something really great\" by directing the film himself.",
"Though the film is set in Maine, the Ohio State Reformatory in Mansfield, Ohio, served as the fictional Shawshank Prison.",
"Though a large portion of the prison was torn down after filming, the main administration building and two cell blocks remained; the site would be revisited later for filming parts of the film \"Air Force One\".",
"Several of the interior shots of the specialized prison facilities, such as the admittance rooms and the warden's office, were shot in the reformatory.",
"The interior of the boarding room used by Brooks and Red was located in the administration building, though exterior shots were made elsewhere.",
"The prison site is a tourist attraction.",
"Internal scenes in the prison cellblocks were actually filmed on a soundstage built inside the nearby shuttered Westinghouse factory.",
"Downtown scenes were also filmed in Mansfield, as well as neighboring Ashland, Ohio.",
"The oak tree under which Andy buries his letter to Red is located at , near Malabar Farm State Park, in Lucas, Ohio.",
"The tree was heavily damaged by straight-line winds in a thunderstorm on July 29, 2011; officials are unsure if the tree will survive.",
"The film was dedicated to Allen Greene, an agent and a close personal friend of the film's director, Frank Darabont.",
"Greene died shortly before the film was released due to complications of HIV/AIDS."
] | [
0
] |
Grizzly Peak | What is the main attraction at Grizzly Peak? | Disney California Adventure | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Grizzly Peak is themed around California's wilderness and national parks with particular references to Yosemite and Redwood national parks.",
"Its main attraction is Grizzly River Run, a Gold Rush-esque river rapids ride around the summit of Grizzly Peak.",
"Nearby is the Redwood Creek Challenge Trail; a playground area that includes a show featuring characters from Disney·Pixar's \"Up\".",
"A special entrance exclusive to guests of Disney's Grand Californian Hotel is located in this area.",
"There are also several restaurants in the Grizzly Peak district that are themed to California's farmland and heritage.",
"California-themed food and wine festivals are hosted in this area as well."
] | [
0
] |
Release | What year did Toy Story 3 play in theaters? | Toy Story 3 | true | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Toy Story 3\" had its world-wide premiere on June 12, 2010, opening at Taormina Film Fest in Italy.",
"In the United States, it premiered on June 13, 2010 at El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California.",
"El Capitan also hosted on June 17, 2010 a \"Toy Story\" marathon, showing for the first time all three \"Toy Story\" films together.",
"The film went into its wide release on June 18, 2010, along with a release to IMAX 3D theaters.",
"The film was theatrically accompanied with the Pixar short film \"Day & Night\", which focuses on what happens when an animated personification of Day meets his opposite, Night, and the resulting growth for both."
] | [
0
] |
Game variations | How many can play in a game? | Racquetball | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"Racquetball games can be played with two, three or four players, with doubles or singles matches being most common.",
"Two player games are called singles or \"one-up\" (one vs. one for the entire game), while four player games are doubles with two pairs playing against each other (two vs. two for the entire game).",
"Tournament competitions have divisions for singles or doubles or both.",
"Three-player games are most commonly called \"Cut-throat\" and sometimes \"Ironman\" (two-on-one for the entire game) where each player takes turns serving to the other two, who play as a team against the serving player.",
"Another three-player game is \"California\", \"In-and-Out\", or \"King of the Court\" where play is 1 vs. 1 with the third player remaining in the back court out of play while the other two play a rally; the rally winner then serves to the player who was sitting out, and the rally loser stays out of play.",
"Another three-player variation is \"Sevens\" in which one player plays against two players as a team, with the game being played to seven points; if the two player team gets to seven first, the game is over, but if the solo player gets to seven first then the game continues to 14; if the solo player again reaches 14 first, then the game continues to 21, where the game ends regardless of whether the solo player or the two player team reach 21 first."
] | [
5
] |
Foreign relations | What are the countries included in Norway embassy? | Norway | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Norway maintains embassies in 86 countries.",
"60 countries maintain an embassy in Norway, all of them in the capital, Oslo.",
"Norway is a founding member of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Council of Europe and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).",
"Norway issued applications for accession to the European Union (EU) and its predecessors in 1962, 1967 and 1992, respectively.",
"While Denmark, Sweden and Finland obtained membership, the Norwegian electorate rejected the treaties of accession in referenda in 1972 and 1994.",
"After the 1994 referendum, Norway maintained its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA), an arrangement granting the country access to the internal market of the Union, on the condition that Norway implements those of the Union's pieces of legislation which are deemed relevant (of which there were approximately seven thousand by 2010) Successive Norwegian governments have, since 1994, requested participation in parts of the EU's co-operation that go beyond the provisions of the EEA agreement.",
"Non-voting participation by Norway has been granted in, for instance, the Union's Common Security and Defence Policy, the Schengen Agreement, and the European Defence Agency, as well as 19 separate programmes.",
"Norway contributes to international development.",
"In addition, it participated in the 1990s brokering of the Oslo Accords, an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.",
"These were unsuccessful."
] | [
0
] |
Non-dairy yogurt substitutes | Is it possible to make authentic yogurt from plant sources? | Yogurt | true | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"Various manufacturers have endeavoured to produce plant-based substitutes for yogurt, using soy milk, nut milks such as almond milk, and coconut milk, for consumers who are unable to tolerate dairy products in any form.",
"Although \"Lactobacillus\" strains exist that can produce lactic acid from plant-derived feed stock (\"e.g.\"",
"sauerkraut), since plants do not produce lactose, it is not possible to produce genuine yogurt from plant sources with the same bacteria cultures used to convert milk into yogurt."
] | [] |
Awards and nominations | What awards was Dexter nominated for? | Dexter (TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Dexter\" was nominated for 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, in the category of Outstanding Drama Series four times in a row, from 2008 to 2011, and Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series (for Michael C. Hall) five times in a row, from 2008 to 2012.",
"It has also been nominated for nine Golden Globe Awards (winning two) and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards.",
"On December 14, 2006, Michael C. Hall was nominated for a Golden Globe Award at the 64th Golden Globe Awards.",
"In 2008, the show was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series for its second season (Showtime's first ever drama to be nominated for the award), and its star for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.",
"It won neither, losing to \"Mad Men\" and to \"Breaking Bad\" actor Bryan Cranston.",
"In 2010, Hall and John Lithgow, in their respective categories, won a Golden Globe for their performances, on the same night, for their work in season four."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | How many partners are required for a wrestling bout? | Wrestling | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds.",
"A wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two (occasionally more) competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position.",
"There are a wide range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles.",
"Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems.",
"The term \"wrestling\" is attested in late Old English, as \"wræstlunge\" (glossing \"palestram\")."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | What is iconified, "The Crossroads of the World"? | Times Square | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Times Square is a major commercial intersection and a neighborhood in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, at the junction of Broadway (now converted into a pedestrian plaza) and Seventh Avenue and stretching from West 42nd to West 47th Streets.",
"Times Square – iconified as \"The Crossroads of the World\", \"The Center of the Universe\", and the \"The Great White Way\" – is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.",
"According to \"Travel + Leisure\" magazine's October 2011 survey, Times Square is the world's most visited tourist attraction, hosting over 39 million visitors annually.",
"Approximately 330,000 people pass through Times Square daily, many of whom are either tourists or people working in the area.",
"Formerly Longacre Square, Times Square was renamed in April 1904 after \"The New York Times\" moved its headquarters to the newly erected Times Building – now called One Times Square – site of the annual ball drop on New Year's Eve, a tradition which began on December 31, 1907 and continues today, attracting thousands to the Square every New Year's.",
"The northern triangle of Times Square is technically Duffy Square, dedicated in 1937 to Chaplain Francis P. Duffy of New York City's \"Fighting 69th\" Infantry Regiment; a memorial to Duffy is located there, along with a statue of George M. Cohan, and the TKTS discount theater tickets booth.",
"The stepped red roof of the TKTS booth also provides seating for various events.",
"The Duffy Statue and the square were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001."
] | [
0
] |
History | Which group first actively experimented with chemicals by applying theory and not just experimental observations? | Chemical reaction | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2,
4
] | [
"Chemical reactions such as combustion in the fire, fermentation and the reduction of ores to metals were known since antiquity.",
"Initial theories of transformation of materials were developed by Greek philosophers, such as the Four-Element Theory of Empedocles stating that any substance is composed of the four basic elements – fire, water, air and earth.",
"In the Middle Ages, chemical transformations were studied by Alchemists.",
"They attempted, in particular, to convert lead into gold, for which purpose they used reactions of lead and lead-copper alloys with sulfur.",
"The production of chemical substances that do not normally occur in nature has long been tried, such as the synthesis of sulfuric and nitric acids attributed to the controversial alchemist Jābir ibn Hayyān.",
"The process involved heating of sulfate and nitrate minerals such as copper sulfate, alum and saltpeter.",
"In the 17th century, Johann Rudolph Glauber produced hydrochloric acid and sodium sulfate by reacting sulfuric acid and sodium chloride.",
"With the development of the lead chamber process in 1746 and the Leblanc process, allowing large-scale production of sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate, respectively, chemical reactions became implemented into the industry.",
"Further optimization of sulfuric acid technology resulted in the contact process in 1880s, and the Haber process was developed in 1909–1910 for ammonia synthesis.",
"From the 16th century, researchers including Jan Baptist van Helmont, Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton tried to establish theories of the experimentally observed chemical transformations.",
"The phlogiston theory was proposed in 1667 by Johann Joachim Becher.",
"It postulated the existence of a fire-like element called \"phlogiston\", which was contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion.",
"This proved to be false in 1785 by Antoine Lavoisier who found the correct explanation of the combustion as reaction with oxygen from the air.",
"Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac recognized in 1808 that gases always react in a certain relationship with each other.",
"Based on this idea and the atomic theory of John Dalton, Joseph Proust had developed the law of definite proportions, which later resulted in the concepts of stoichiometry and chemical equations.",
"Regarding the organic chemistry, it was long believed that compounds obtained from living organisms were too complex to be obtained synthetically.",
"According to the concept of vitalism, organic matter was endowed with a \"vital force\" and distinguished from inorganic materials.",
"This separation was ended however by the synthesis of urea from inorganic precursors by Friedrich Wöhler in 1828.",
"Other chemists who brought major contributions to organic chemistry include Alexander William Williamson with his synthesis of ethers and Christopher Kelk Ingold, who, among many discoveries, established the mechanisms of substitution reactions."
] | [] |
Statue | The Lincoln Memorial is constructed from which type of marble? | Lincoln Memorial | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
4
] | [
"Lying between the north and south chambers is the central hall containing the solitary figure of Lincoln sitting in contemplation.",
"The statue was carved by the Piccirilli Brothers under the supervision of the sculptor, Daniel Chester French, and took four years to complete.",
"The statue, originally intended to be only tall, was, on further consideration, enlarged so that it finally stood tall from head to foot, the scale being such that if Lincoln were standing, he would be tall.",
"The extreme width of the statue is the same as its height.",
"The Georgia white marble sculpture weighs and had to be shipped in 28 separate pieces.",
"The statue rests upon an oblong pedestal of Tennessee marble high, wide, and deep.",
"Directly beneath this lies a platform of Tennessee marble about long, wide, and high.",
"Lincoln's arms rest on representations of Roman fasces, a subtle touch that associates the statue with the Augustan (and imperial) theme (obelisk and funerary monuments) of the Washington Mall.",
"The statue is discretely bordered by two pilasters, one on each side.",
"Between these pilasters and above Lincoln's head stands the engraved epitaph, composed by Royal Cortissoz, shown in the box to the left."
] | [] |
Abstract | What does a telescope collect to aid in the observation of remote objects? | Telescope | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).",
"The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century, using glass lenses.",
"They found use in terrestrial applications and astronomy.",
"Within a few decades, the reflecting telescope was invented, which used mirrors.",
"In the 20th century many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.",
"The word \"telescope\" now refers to a wide range of instruments detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.",
"The word \"\"telescope\"\" (from the Greek τῆλε, \"tele\" \"far\" and σκοπεῖν, \"skopein\" \"to look or see\"; τηλεσκόπος, \"teleskopos\" \"far-seeing\") was coined in 1611 by the Greek mathematician Giovanni Demisiani for one of Galileo Galilei's instruments presented at a banquet at the Accademia dei Lincei.",
"In the \"Starry Messenger\", Galileo had used the term \"perspicillum\"."
] | [
0
] |
Cast | Who was the sous chef in each of the first 5 seasons? | Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series) | true | 1TV
| [
16,
12,
15
] | [
"Gordon Ramsay is the head chef.",
"The narrator is Jason Thompson.",
"Jean-Philippe Susilovic, a Belgian maître d' comes from Petrus, one of Ramsay's London restaurants and appeared in the first seven seasons and later returned for the 11th season.",
"Susilovic was also the maître d' for the first series of the original British version.",
"James Lukanik replaced Susilovic for the eighth-tenth seasons.",
"Each team also has the services of one of two sous-chefs.",
"The sous-chefs are Andrea \"Andi\" Van Willigan (from season 7 onwards) and James Avery (from season 11 onwards).",
"Previous sous-chefs were Mary Ann Salcedo, Gloria Felix, Season 2 winner Heather West, and Scott Leibfried.",
"Head Chefs",
" Gordon Ramsay",
"Sous Chefs",
";Blue Team",
" Scott Leibfried (Seasons 1 – 10)",
" James Avery (Seasons 11 – present)",
";Red Team",
" Mary-Ann Salcedo (Seasons 1 – 3)",
" Gloria Felix (Seasons 4 – 5)",
" Heather West (Season 6)",
" Andi Van Willigan (Seasons 7 – present)",
"Maître d's",
" Jean-Philippe Susilovic (Seasons 1 – 7, 11 – present)",
" James Lukanik (Seasons 8 – 10)"
] | [
3
] |
Rib steak | What is the definition of a ribeye? | Steak | true | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached.",
"In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably.",
"The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center best portion of the rib steak, without the bone."
] | [
0
] |
Canada | How many age groups are there events for? | Diving | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"Most provincial level competitions consist of events for 6 age groups (Groups A, B, C, D, E, and Open) for both genders on each of the three board levels.",
"These age groups roughly correspond to those standardized by FINA, with the addition of a youngest age group for divers 9 and younger, Group E, which does not compete nationally and does not have a tower event (although divers of this age may choose to compete in Group D).",
"The age group Open is so called because divers of any age, including those over 18, may compete in these events, so long as their dives meet a minimum standard of difficulty.",
"Although Canada is internationally a fairly strong country in diving, the vast majority of Canadian high schools and universities do not have diving teams, and many Canadian divers accept athletic scholarships from American colleges.",
"Adult divers who are not competitive at an elite level may compete in masters diving.",
"Typically, masters are either adults who never practiced the sport as children or teenagers, or former elite athletes who have retired but still seek a way to be involved in the sport.",
"Many diving clubs have masters teams in addition to their primary competitive ones, and while some masters dive only for fun and fitness, there are also masters competitions, which range from the local to world championship level."
] | [
5
] |
Europe | Whose returning soldiers would have encountered rice on their expeditions to Asia? | Rice | false | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"Rice was known to the Classical world, being imported from Egypt, and perhaps west Asia.",
"It was known to Greece by returning soldiers from Alexander the Great's military expedition to Asia.",
"Large deposits of rice from the first century A.D. have been found in Roman camps in Germany.",
"The Moors brought Asiatic rice to the Iberian Peninsula in the 10th century.",
"Records indicate it was grown in Valencia and Majorca.",
"In Majorca, rice cultivation seems to have stopped after the Christian conquest, although historians are not certain.",
"Muslims also brought rice to Sicily, where it was an important crop long before it is noted in the plain of Pisa (1468) or in the Lombard plain (1475), where its cultivation was promoted by Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, and demonstrated in his model farms.",
"After the 15th century, rice spread throughout Italy and then France, later propagating to all the continents during the age of European exploration.",
"In European Russia, a short-grain, starchy rice similar to the Italian varieties, has been grown in the Krasnodar Krai, and known in Russia as \"Kuban Rice\" or \"Krasnodar Rice\".",
"In the Russian Far East several \"japonica\" cultivars are grown in Primorye around the Khanka lake.",
"Increasing scale of rice production in the region has recently brought criticism towards growers' alleged bad practices in regards to the environment."
] | [] |
Mixed doubles | What players play from the back-court? | Badminton | true | 4SPORT
| [
4,
5
] | [
"In mixed doubles, both pairs typically try to maintain an attacking formation with the woman at the front and the man at the back.",
"This is because the male players are usually substantially stronger, and can therefore produce smashes that are more powerful.",
"As a result, mixed doubles require greater tactical awareness and subtler positional play.",
"Clever opponents will try to reverse the ideal position, by forcing the woman towards the back or the man towards the front.",
"In order to protect against this danger, mixed players must be careful and systematic in their shot selection.",
"At high levels of play, the formations will generally be more flexible: the top women players are capable of playing powerfully from the back-court, and will happily do so if required.",
"When the opportunity arises, however, the pair will switch back to the standard mixed attacking position, with the woman in front and men in the back."
] | [
0
] |
Track listing | Who wrote "If It Hadn't Been for Love"? | Rolling in the Deep | false | 0MUSIC
| [
9
] | [
"Digital download",
"\"Rolling in the Deep\" – 3:48",
"Digital EP",
"\"Rolling in the Deep\" – 3:48",
"\"Rolling in the Deep (Jamie xx Shuffle)\" – 4:17",
"\"Rolling in the Deep (Acapella)\" – 3:56",
"\"Rolling in the Deep (Avicii Remix)\" – 4:25",
"CD single",
"\"Rolling in the Deep\" – 3:48",
"\"If It Hadn't Been for Love\" (written by Mike Henderson and Chris Stapleton) – 3:09"
] | [
3
] |
Music video | Who was the director for "I won't give up" and what was the release date for this music video? | I Won't Give Up | true | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
"On January 2, 2012, a lyric video was released.",
"Mark Blankenship from NPR found \"I Won't Give Up\" the best lyric video because \"the lyrics are integrated into a story about a man who writes his girlfriend until they can finally reunite.\"",
"He added he preferred this video to the official one.",
"The official music video was directed by Mark Pellington and released on February 17, 2012.",
"Mraz explained \"The story of the video is that we all have our stories.",
"We all have our own version of suffering….and everybody has many things to not give up on.",
"\"Jason Lipshutz from \"Billboard\" found some similarities to Terrence Malick's film \"The Tree of Life\", \"with its lingering shots of wholesome Americana, sun-stroked imagery, non-linear structure and contrast between out-of-focus landscape shots and striking close-ups.\"",
"The video was also compared to Bruce Springsteen's \"We Take Care of Our Own\" music video, \"with its gritty portraits of beleaguered U.S. citizens of every race and creed.\"",
"Andrew Unterberger from PopDust described the video as \"a stately, if somewhat boring, assemblage of nature shots mixed with pictures of people young and old looking semi-contemplative.\""
] | [
0,
3
] |
Nazi Germany policy towards the Soviet Union | Who spoke of an inescapable battle against "pan-Slav ideals"? | Operation Barbarossa | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
5
] | [
"German intentions.",
"Nazi Germany policy towards the Soviet Union.",
"As early as 1925, Hitler suggested in \"Mein Kampf\" that he would invade the Soviet Union, asserting that the German people needed \"Lebensraum\" (\"living space\", i.e., land and raw materials) and that these should be sought in the East.",
"Nazism viewed the Soviet Union (and all of Eastern Europe) as populated by \"\"Untermensch\"\" Slavs, ruled by \"Jewish Bolshevik\" masters.",
"\"Mein Kampf\" said Germany's destiny was to turn \"to the East\" as it did \"six hundred years ago\" and \"the end of the Jewish domination in Russia will also be the end of Russia as a State.\"",
"Thereafter, Hitler spoke of an inescapable battle against \"pan-Slav ideals\", in which victory would lead to \"permanent mastery of the world\", although he also said they would \"walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us\".",
"Accordingly, it was stated Nazi policy to kill, deport, or enslave the majority of Russian and other Slavic populations and repopulate the land with Germanic peoples (see Generalplan Ost).",
"Before World War II, observers believed that in a war with the Soviet Union, Germany would attack through the Baltic states while the \"Kriegsmarine\" would seize Leningrad from the sea.",
"They assumed that possessing the entire Baltic basin would satisfy Hitler, who would not repeat Napoleon's mistake of attacking Moscow."
] | [
3
] |
Research and practice | What is the most used scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body? | Anatomy | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0,
2
] | [
"Human anatomy.",
"Research and practice.",
"Human anatomy, including gross human anatomy and histology, is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.",
"It differs from physiology in that anatomy is about the morphology of biological structures, while physiology is the way those structures actually work.",
"Generally, students of certain biological sciences, paramedics, prosthetists and orthotists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, and medical students learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures and tutorials, and in addition, medical students generally also learn gross anatomy through practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers.",
"The study of microscopic anatomy (or histology) can be aided by practical experience examining histological preparations (or slides) under a microscope.",
"Human anatomy, physiology and biochemistry are complementary basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school.",
"Human anatomy can be taught regionally or systemically; that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as the nervous or respiratory systems.",
"The major anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy, has been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format, in line with modern teaching methods.",
"A thorough working knowledge of anatomy is required by physicians, especially surgeons and doctors working in some diagnostic specialties, such as histopathology and radiology.",
"Academic human anatomists are usually employed by universities, medical schools or teaching hospitals.",
"They are often involved in teaching anatomy, and research into certain systems, organs, tissues or cells."
] | [
0
] |
Zambia's independence and Rhodesia's UDI | In what year did Northern Rhodesia become an independent state? | Victoria Falls | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"In 1964, Northern Rhodesia became the independent state of Zambia.",
"The following year, Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence.",
"This was not recognized by Zambia, the United Kingdom or the vast majority of states and led to United Nations-mandated sanctions.",
"In response to the emerging crisis, in 1966 Zambia restricted or stopped border crossings; it did not re-open the border completely until 1980.",
"Guerilla warfare arose on the southern side of the Zambezi from 1972: the Rhodesian Bush War.",
"Visitor numbers began to drop, particularly on the Rhodesian side.",
"The war affected Zambia through military incursions, causing the latter to impose security measures including the stationing of soldiers to restrict access to the gorges and some parts of the falls.",
"Zimbabwe's internationally recognised independence in 1980 brought comparative peace, and the 1980s witnessed renewed levels of tourism and the development of the region as a centre for adventure sports.",
"Activities that gained popularity in the area include whitewater rafting in the gorges, bungee jumping from the bridge, game fishing, horse riding, kayaking, and flights over the falls."
] | [
0
] |
Singles | When did Over My Head reach top 40? | How to Save a Life | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"\"Over My Head (Cable Car)\" was released as the first single from the album, and it became a top 40 hit on the Modern Rock Tracks chart in late 2005.",
"It lasted three weeks on the chart and peaked at position #37.",
"The song peaked at #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.",
"On the \"Billboard\" Adult Top 40 chart, the single reached the #2 position.",
"Internationally, the song was a Top 25 hit in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand and the UK.",
"The song was the fifth-most downloaded single of 2006.",
"\"How to Save a Life\" was released as the second single from the album.",
"The song reached the top three of the Billboard Hot 100 chart, surpassing the peak position of \"Over My Head (Cable Car)\".",
"It became the joint sixth longest charting single of all time on the Billboard Hot 100, tying with Santana's \"Smooth\", at 58 consecutive weeks.",
"The song also topped the Adult Top 40 chart for 15 consecutive weeks.",
"\"How to Save a Life\" became a major hit internationally, topping the singles chart in Ireland, Spain and Canada.",
"The song also charted in the top five in Australia, Italy, Sweden and in the UK Singles Chart.",
"\"Look After You\" was released as the band's third single; the song peaked at position 59 in the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the band's first single to miss the Top 40.",
"The song peaked at #49 on Billboard Pop 100 and at #12 on the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks.",
"\"All at Once\" was released as the fourth and final single from the album.",
"It peaked at #20 on the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks chart."
] | [
2
] |
Cold | What does Hadaka udon refer to? | Udon | false | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
" \"Zaru udon\": Chilled udon noodles topped with shredded nori and served on a zaru (笊 or ざる), a sieve-like bamboo tray.",
"Accompanied by a chilled dipping sauce, usually a strong mixture of dashi, mirin, and shoyu.",
"Eaten with wasabi or grated ginger.",
" \"Bukkake udon\": Cold udon served with thick dashi-broth.",
" \"Hadaka udon\" (naked udon 裸うどん): Cold udon served on its own.",
" Kijoyu udon: Served in a cold soup of raw (unpasteurized) soy sauce and sudachi (a type of citrus) juice, sometimes with a bit of grated daikon."
] | [
0
] |
Other organizations | What is the AAU? | Taekwondo | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"American Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) competitions are very similar, except that different styles of pads and gear are allowed.",
"Apart from WTF and ITF tournaments, major taekwondo competitions (all featuring WTF taekwondo only) include:",
" Olympic Games",
" Universiade",
" Asian Games",
" South East Asian Games",
" South Asian Games",
"WTF taekwondo features in all multi-sport games except the Small Island Games.",
"It was accepted as a Commonwealth Games sport in June 2010."
] | [
0
] |
Setting the ball | How long is typical for a reasonable amount of time to re-commence play after a foul? | Water polo | false | 4SPORT
| [
8,
9
] | [
"The key to the offense is to accurately pass (or \"set\") the ball into the center forward or hole set, positioned directly in front of the goal (\"the hole\").",
"Any field player may throw the hole set a \"wet pass.\"",
"A wet pass is one that hits the water just outside of the hole set's reach.",
"A dry pass may also be used.",
"This is where the hole set receives the ball directly in his hand and then attempts a shot at the cage.",
"This pass is much more difficult because if the pass is not properly caught, the officials will be likely to call an offensive foul resulting in a change of ball possession.",
"The hole set attempts to take possession of the ball a wet pass, to shoot at the goal, or to draw a foul from his defender.",
"A minor foul is called if his defender (called the \"hole D\") attempts to impede movement before the hole set has possession.",
"The referee indicates the foul with one short whistle blow and points one hand to the spot of the foul and the other hand in the direction of the attack of the team to whom the free throw has been awarded.",
"The hole set then has a \"reasonable amount of time\" (typically about three seconds) to re-commence play by making a free pass to one of the other players.",
"The defensive team cannot hinder the hole set until the free throw has been taken, but the hole set cannot shoot a goal once the foul has been awarded until the ball has been played by at least one other player.",
"If the hole set attempts a goal without the free throw, the goal is not counted and the defense takes possession of the ball, unless the shot is made outside the 5-meter line.",
"As soon as the hole set has a free pass, the other attacking players attempt to swim (or \"drive\") away from their defenders towards the goal.",
"The players at the flat position will attempt to set a screen (also known as a pick) for the driver.",
"If a driver gets free from a defender, the player calls for the pass from the hole set and attempts a shot at the goal."
] | [
5
] |
Infrastructure | How big was Italy's civilian air fleet during 2005? | Italy | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
6
] | [
"In 2004 the transport sector in Italy generated a turnover of about 119.4 billion euros, employing 935,700 persons in 153,700 enterprises.",
"Regarding the national road network, in 2002 there were of serviceable roads in Italy, including of motorways, state-owned but privately operated by Atlantia.",
"In 2005, about 34,667,000 passenger cars (590 cars per 1,000 people) and 4,015,000 goods vehicles circulated on the national road network.",
"The national railway network, state-owned and operated by Ferrovie dello Stato, in 2003 totalled of which 69% is electrified, and on which 4,937 locomotives and railcars circulated.",
"The national inland waterways network comprised of navigable rivers and channels in 2002.",
"In 2004 there were approximately 30 main airports (including the two hubs of Malpensa International in Milan and Leonardo da Vinci International in Rome) and 43 major seaports (including the seaport of Genoa, the country's largest and second largest in the Mediterranean Sea).",
"In 2005 Italy maintained a civilian air fleet of about 389,000 units and a merchant fleet of 581 ships."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | When did the film American Hustle come out? | American Hustle | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"American Hustle is a 2013 American crime comedy-drama film directed by David O. Russell, from a screenplay written by Eric Warren Singer and Russell, loosely based on the FBI ABSCAM operation of the late 1970s and early 1980s.",
"It stars Christian Bale and Amy Adams as two con artists who are forced by an FBI agent (Bradley Cooper) to set up an elaborate sting operation on corrupt politicians, including the mayor of Camden, New Jersey, (Jeremy Renner).",
"Jennifer Lawrence plays the unpredictable wife of Bale's character.",
"Principal photography on \"American Hustle\" began on March 8, 2013 in Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts, and New York City.",
"The film had its nationwide release in the United States on December 20, 2013, and has since grossed more than a quarter of a billion dollars worldwide.",
"As well as being a box office success, the film received widespread critical acclaim.",
"It received ten Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Writing (Original Screenplay), but did not win in any category.",
"It became the second film since 1981, and the 15th overall, to be nominated in the four acting categories, the first being \"Silver Linings Playbook\", also directed by Russell and also starring Cooper and Lawrence.",
"\"American Hustle\" won three Golden Globe Awards, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture and three BAFTA Awards, among other achievements."
] | [
2
] |
Major conurbations | What are England's largest urban areas? | England | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0,
2
] | [
"The Greater London Urban Area is by far the largest urban area in England and one of the busiest cities in the world.",
"It is considered a global city and has a population larger than other countries in the United Kingdom besides England itself.",
"Other urban areas of considerable size and influence tend to be in northern England or the English Midlands.",
"There are fifty settlements which have been designated city status in England, while the wider United Kingdom has sixty-six.",
"While many cities in England are quite large in size, such as Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Bradford, Nottingham and others, a large population is not necessarily a prerequisite for a settlement to be afforded city status.",
"Traditionally the status was afforded to towns with diocesan cathedrals and so there are smaller cities like Wells, Ely, Ripon, Truro and Chichester.",
"According to the Office for National Statistics the ten largest, continuous built-up urban areas are:"
] | [
0
] |
Broadcast | How many Americans watched the pilot for the tv show "Friends"? | Friends | true | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"After the produced pilot lived up to NBC's hopes, the series premiered with the name \"Friends\" on September 22, 1994 in the coveted Thursday 8:30 p.m. timeslot.",
"The pilot aired between \"Mad About You\" and \"Seinfeld\", and was watched by almost 22 million American viewers.",
"The series was a huge success throughout its run, and was a staple of NBC's Thursday night line-up, dubbed by the network as Must See TV.",
"When Crane told reporters in 2001 that the ninth season was a possibility, critics believed that he was posturing, and that at least two of the cast members would not sign on for another season.",
"When it was confirmed that \"Friends\" would return for a ninth season, the news was mainly about the amount of money—$7 million per episode—that it took to bring the series back for another season.",
"After year-long expectations that the ninth season would be the series' last, NBC signed a deal in late December 2002 to bring the series back for a final tenth season.",
"The series' creative team did not want to extend negotiations into the next year, and wanted to start writing the rest of the ninth season episodes and a potential series finale.",
"NBC agreed to pay $10 million to Warner Bros. for the production of each tenth season episode, the highest price in television history for a 30-minute series.",
"Although NBC was unable to bring in enough advertising revenue from commercials to cover the costs, the series was integral to the Thursday night schedule, which brought high ratings and profits to the other television series.",
"The cast demanded that the tenth season be reduced from the usual 24 episodes to 18 episodes to allow them to work on outside projects.",
"In fall 2001, Warner Bros.",
"Domestic Cable made a deal with sister network TBS (both are owned by Time Warner) to air the series in rerun syndication.",
"Warner Bros.",
"Domestic Cable announced that it had sold additional cable rights to \"Friends\" to Nick at Nite which began airing in the fall of 2011 (unlike the TBS and broadcast syndication airings, Nick at Nite broadcasts of the series, which began airing as part of a seven-night launch marathon on September 5, 2011, replace the end credit tag scenes with marginalized credits featuring promotions for the series and other Nick at Nite programs).",
"Warner Bros. was expected to make $200 million in license fees and advertising from the deal.",
"Nick at Nite paid $500,000 per episode to air the episodes after 6 p.m.",
"ET for six years through fall 2017.",
"TBS also renewed its contract for the same six-year period as Nick at Nite but paid $275,000 per episode because airings were restricted to before 6 p.m.",
"ET except for the first year.",
"In syndication until 2005, \"Friends\" had earned $4 million per episode in cash license fees for a total of $944 million.",
"Beginning on March 5, 2012, high definition versions of all 236 \"Friends\" episodes were made available to local broadcast stations, starting with the pilot episode.",
"For the remastered episodes, Warner Bros. restored previously cropped images on the left and right sides of the screen, using the original 35 mm film source, to use the entire widescreen frame.",
"These masters had been airing in New Zealand on TV2 since January 2011."
] | [
5
] |
Playing equipment | What is the average weight of squash balls? | Squash (sport) | true | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
"Standard racquets are governed by the rules of the game.",
"Traditionally they were made of laminated wood (typically ash), with a small strung area using natural gut strings.",
"After a rule change in the mid-1980s, they are now almost always made of composite materials or metals (graphite, Kevlar, titanium, boron) with synthetic strings.",
"Modern racquets have maximum dimensions of 686 mm (27.0 in) long and 215 mm (8.5 in) wide, with a maximum strung area of 500 square centimetres (90 sq in), the permitted maximum weight is , but most have a weight between 90 and 150 grams (3–5.3 oz.",
"Squash balls are between 39.5 and 40.5 mm in diameter, and have a weight of 23 to 25 grams.",
"They are made with two pieces of rubber compound, glued together to form a hollow sphere and buffed to a matte finish.",
"Different balls are provided for varying temperature and atmospheric conditions and standards of play: more experienced players use slow balls that have less bounce than those used by less experienced players (slower balls tend to \"die\" in court corners, rather than \"standing up\" to allow easier shots).",
"Depending on its specific rubber composition, a squash ball has the property that it bounces more at higher temperatures.",
"Squash balls must be hit dozens of times to warm them up at the beginning of a session; cold squash balls have very little bounce.",
"Small colored dots on the ball indicate its dynamic level (bounciness), and thus the standard of play for which it is suited.",
"The recognized speed colors indicating the degree of dynamism are:",
":::::",
"Some ball manufacturers such as Dunlop use a different method of grading balls based on experience.",
"They still have the equivalent dot rating, but are named to help choose a ball that is appropriate for one's skill level.",
"The four different ball types are Intro (Blue dot), Progress (Red dot), Competition (single yellow dot) and Pro (double yellow dot).",
"The \"double-yellow dot\" ball, introduced in 2000, is the competition standard, replacing the earlier \"yellow-dot\" ball.",
"There is also an \"orange dot\" ball.",
"Players wear comfortable sports clothing.",
"In competition, men usually wear shorts and a t-shirt, tank top or a polo shirt.",
"Women normally wear a skirt or skort and a t-shirt or a tank top, or a sports dress.",
"The National Institutes of Health recommends wearing goggles with polycarbonate lenses.",
"Many squash venues mandate the use of eye protection and some association rules require that all juniors and doubles players must wear eye protection."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | When was the modern set of handball rules published? | Handball | true | 4SPORT
| [
8
] | [
"Handball (also known as team handball, Olympic handball, European team handball, European handball, or Borden ball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outfield players and a goalkeeper on each team) pass a ball to throw it into the goal of the other team.",
"A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes, and the team that scores more goals wins.",
"Modern handball is played on a court 40 by 20 meters (131 by 66 ft), with a goal in the center of each end.",
"The goals are surrounded by a 6-meter zone where only the defending goalkeeper is allowed; the goals must be scored by throwing the ball from outside the zone or while \"diving\" into it.",
"The sport is usually played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the forms of field handball and Czech handball (which were more common in the past) and beach handball (also called sandball).",
"The game is quite fast and includes body contact, as the defenders try to stop the attackers from approaching the goal.",
"Goals are scored quite frequently; usually both teams score at least 20 goals each, and it is not uncommon for both teams to score more than 30 goals.",
"The game was codified at the end of the 19th century in northern Europe, chiefly in Scandinavia and Germany.",
"The modern set of rules was published in 1917 in Germany, and had several revisions since.",
"The first international games were played under these rules for men in 1925 and for women in 1930.",
"Men's field handball was first played at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, and the next time at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, and has been an Olympics sport since.",
"Women's team handball was added at the 1976 Summer Olympics.",
"The International Handball Federation was formed in 1946, and has 174 member federations.",
"The sport is most popular in continental Europe, whose countries have won every single medal in men's world championships since 1938, and all women's titles until 2013, when Brazil broke the series.",
"The game also enjoys popularity in Far East, north Africa and Brazil."
] | [
2
] |
Salvador Dalí and the Spanish Civil War | Salvador and Gala were married in what city? | Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War) | true | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"Dalí and his wife, Gala, were trapped in the middle of a general strike and an armed uprising by Catalan separatists in 1934, in Catalonia, and this may have influenced his Spanish Civil War motif.",
"Salvador and Gala had to run away to Paris, where they got married.",
"Dalí and Gala had hired an escort to take them safely to Paris, but the escort died on his return because of the stresses of the Spanish Civil War.",
"When Dalí had finally returned home, his house in Port Lligat was destroyed by the war.",
"He was also greatly affected because his friend was executed in the war and his sister Ana Maria was imprisoned and tortured."
] | [
0
] |
Culture | What's cantopop? | Hong Kong | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
9,
10
] | [
"Hong Kong is frequently described as a place where \"East meets West\", reflecting the culture's mix of the territory's Chinese roots with influences from its time as a British colony.",
"Concepts like \"feng shui\" are taken very seriously, with expensive construction projects often hiring expert consultants, and are often believed to make or break a business.",
"Other objects like Ba gua mirrors are still regularly used to deflect evil spirits, and buildings often lack any floor number that has a 4 in it, due to its similarity to the word for \"die\" in Cantonese.",
"The fusion of east and west also characterises Hong Kong's cuisine, where dim sum, hot pot, and fast food restaurants coexist with haute cuisine.",
"Hong Kong is a recognised global centre of trade, and calls itself an \"entertainment hub\".",
"Its martial arts film genre gained a high level of popularity in the late 1960s and 1970s.",
"Several Hollywood performers, notable actors and martial artists have originated from Hong Kong cinema, notably Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, Chow Yun-fat, Michelle Yeoh, Maggie Cheung and Jet Li.",
"A number of Hong Kong film-makers have achieved widespread fame in Hollywood, such as John Woo, Wong Kar-wai, and Stephen Chow.",
"Homegrown films such as \"Chungking Express\", \"Infernal Affairs\", \"Shaolin Soccer\", \"Rumble in the Bronx\", \"In the Mood for Love\" and \"Echoes of the Rainbow\" have gained international recognition.",
"Hong Kong is the centre for Cantopop music, which draws its influence from other forms of Chinese music and Western genres, and has a multinational fanbase.",
"The Hong Kong government supports cultural institutions such as the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, the Hong Kong Museum of Art, the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, and the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra.",
"The government's Leisure and Cultural Services Department subsidises and sponsors international performers brought to Hong Kong.",
"Many international cultural activities are organised by the government, consulates, and privately.",
"Hong Kong has two licensed terrestrial broadcasters – ATV and TVB.",
"There are three local and a number of foreign suppliers of cable and satellite services.",
"The production of Hong Kong's soap dramas, comedy series, and variety shows reach audiences throughout the Chinese-speaking world.",
"Magazine and newspaper publishers in Hong Kong distribute and print in both Chinese and English, with a focus on sensationalism and celebrity gossip.",
"The media in Hong Kong is relatively free from official interference compared to Mainland China, although the \"Far Eastern Economic Review\" points to signs of self-censorship by media whose owners have close ties to or business interests in the People's Republic of China and states that even Western media outlets are not immune to growing Chinese economic power.",
"Hong Kong offers wide recreational and competitive sport opportunities despite its limited land area.",
"It sends delegates to international competitions such as the Olympic Games and Asian Games, and played host to the equestrian events during the 2008 Summer Olympics.",
"There are major multipurpose venues like Hong Kong Coliseum and MacPherson Stadium.",
"Hong Kong's steep terrain and extensive trail network with expansive views attracts hikers, and its rugged coastline provides many beaches for swimming."
] | [
0
] |
Bonding | Are bonded atoms "stuck" together? | Chemistry | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Atoms sticking together in molecules or crystals are said to be bonded with one another.",
"A chemical bond may be visualized as the multipole balance between the positive charges in the nuclei and the negative charges oscillating about them.",
"More than simple attraction and repulsion, the energies and distributions characterize the availability of an electron to bond to another atom.",
"A chemical bond can be a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond or just because of Van der Waals force.",
"Each of these kinds of bonds is ascribed to some potential.",
"These potentials create the interactions which hold atoms together in molecules or crystals.",
"In many simple compounds, Valence Bond Theory, the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model (VSEPR), and the concept of oxidation number can be used to explain molecular structure and composition.",
"An ionic bond is formed when a metal loses one or more of its electrons, becoming a positively charged cation, and the electrons are then gained by the non-metal atom, becoming a negatively charged anion.",
"The two oppositely charged ions attract one another, and the ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between them.",
"For example, sodium (Na), a metal, loses one electron to become an Na+ cation while chlorine (Cl), a non-metal, gains this electron to become Cl-.",
"The ions are held together due to electrostatic attraction, and that compound sodium chloride (NaCl), or common table salt, is formed.",
"In a covalent bond, one or more pairs of valence electrons are shared by two atoms: the resulting electrically neutral group of bonded atoms is termed a molecule.",
"Atoms will share valence electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas electron configuration (eight electrons in their outermost shell) for each atom.",
"Atoms that tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell are said to follow the octet rule.",
"However, some elements like hydrogen and lithium need only two electrons in their outermost shell to attain this stable configuration; these atoms are said to follow the \"duet rule\", and in this way they are reaching the electron configuration of the noble gas helium, which has two electrons in its outer shell.",
"Similarly, theories from classical physics can be used to predict many ionic structures.",
"With more complicated compounds, such as metal complexes, valence bond theory is less applicable and alternative approaches, such as the molecular orbital theory, are generally used.",
"See diagram on electronic orbitals."
] | [] |
Thyroid cancer | Which cancer was reported as one of the main health impacts of Chernobyl? | Chernobyl disaster | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0,
5,
6,
7,
8,
11
] | [
"The 2005 Chernobyl Forum report revealed thyroid cancer among children to be one of the main health impacts from the Chernobyl accident.",
"In that publication more than 4000 cases were reported, and that there was no evidence of an increase in solid cancers or leukemia.",
"It said that there was an increase in psychological problems among the affected population.",
"Dr Michael Repacholi, manager of WHO's Radiation Program reported that the 4000 cases of thyroid cancer resulted in nine deaths.",
"According to UNSCEAR, up to the year 2005, an excess of over 6000 cases of thyroid cancer have been reported.",
"That is, over the estimated pre-accident baseline thyroid cancer rate, more than 6000 casual cases of thyroid cancer have been reported in children and adolescents exposed at the time of the accident, a number that is expected to increase.",
"They concluded that there is no other evidence of major health impacts from the radiation exposure.",
"Well-differentiated thyroid cancers are generally treatable, and when treated the five-year survival rate of thyroid cancer is 96%, and 92% after 30 years.",
"UNSCEAR had reported 15 deaths from thyroid cancer in 2011.",
"The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) also states that there has been no increase in the rate of birth defects or abnormalities, or solid cancers (such as lung cancer) corroborating UNSCEAR's assessments.",
"UNSCEAR does raise the possibility of long term genetic defects, pointing to a doubling of radiation-induced minisatellite mutations among children born in 1994.",
"However, the risk of thyroid cancer associated with the Chernobyl accident is still high according to published studies.",
"The German affiliate of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) argued that more than 10,000 people are today affected by thyroid cancer and 50,000 cases are expected in the future."
] | [] |
First "Impressionist" exhibition | When was the first Impressionist exhibition? | Claude Monet | false | 3ART
| [
4
] | [
"Monet and Impressionism.",
"First \"Impressionist\" exhibition.",
"From the late 1860s, Monet and other like-minded artists met with rejection from the conservative Académie des Beaux-Arts which held its annual exhibition at the Salon de Paris.",
"During the latter part of 1873, Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and Alfred Sisley organized the Société anonyme des artistes peintres, sculpteurs et graveurs (Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers) to exhibit their artworks independently.",
"At their first exhibition, held in April 1874, Monet exhibited the work that was to give the group its lasting name.",
"\"Impression, Sunrise\" was painted in 1872, depicting a Le Havre port landscape.",
"From the painting's title the art critic Louis Leroy, in his review, \"L'Exposition des Impressionnistes,\" which appeared in Le Charivari, coined the term \"Impressionism\".",
"It was intended as disparagement but the Impressionists appropriated the term for themselves. "
] | [
2
] |
Evolution | What are some modern examples of gymnosperms? | Botany | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
15
] | [
"The chloroplasts of plants have a number of biochemical, structural and genetic similarities to cyanobacteria, (commonly but incorrectly known as \"blue-green algae\") and are thought to be derived from an ancient endosymbiotic relationship between an ancestral eukaryotic cell and a cyanobacterial resident.",
"The algae are a polyphyletic group and are placed in various divisions, some more closely related to plants than others.",
"There are many differences between them in features such as cell wall composition, biochemistry, pigmentation, chloroplast structure and nutrient reserves.",
"The algal division Charophyta, sister to the green algal division Chlorophyta, is considered to contain the ancestor of true plants.",
"The Charophyte class Charophyceae and the land plant sub-kingdom Embryophyta together form the monophyletic group or clade Streptophytina.",
"Nonvascular land plants are embryophytes that lack the vascular tissues xylem and phloem.",
"They include mosses, liverworts and hornworts.",
"Pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free-living gametophytes evolved during the Silurian period and diversified into several lineages during the late Silurian and early Devonian.",
"Representatives of the lycopods have survived to the present day.",
"By the end of the Devonian period, several groups, including the lycopods, sphenophylls and progymnosperms, had independently evolved \"megaspory\" – their spores were of two distinct sizes, larger megaspores and smaller microspores.",
"Their reduced gametophytes developed from megaspores retained within the spore-producing organs (megasporangia) of the sporophyte, a condition known as endospory.",
"Seeds consist of an endosporic megasporangium surrounded by one or two sheathing layers (integuments).",
"The young sporophyte develops within the seed, which on germination splits to release it.",
"The earliest known seed plants date from the latest Devonian Famennian stage.",
"Following the evolution of the seed habit, seed plants diversified, giving rise to a number of now-extinct groups, including seed ferns, as well as the modern gymnosperms and angiosperms.",
"Gymnosperms produce \"naked seeds\" not fully enclosed in an ovary; modern representatives include conifers, cycads, \"Ginkgo\", and Gnetales.",
"Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed in a structure such as a carpel or an ovary.",
"Ongoing research on the molecular phylogenetics of living plants appears to show that the angiosperms are a sister clade to the gymnosperms."
] | [
0
] |
Civil war and occupation | When did they accept the peace plan? | Lebanon | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"In 1975, following increasing sectarian tensions, a full-scale civil war broke out in Lebanon.",
"The Lebanese Civil War pitted a coalition of Christian groups against the joint forces of the PLO, left-wing Druze and Muslim militias.",
"In June 1976 Syria sent in its own troops, ostensibly to restore peace.",
"In October 1976 the Arab League agreed to establish a predominantly Syrian Arab Deterrent Force, which was charged with restoring calm.",
"In 1982, the PLO presence in Lebanon led to an Israeli invasion.",
"A multinational force of American, French and Italian contingents (joined in 1983 by a British contingent) were deployed in Beirut after the Israeli siege of the city, to supervise the evacuation of the PLO.",
"It returned in September 1982 after the assassination of Bashir Gemayel and subsequent fighting, during which a number of massacres were committed, such as in Damour, in Sabra and Shatila, and in several refugee camps.",
"The multinational force was withdrawn in the spring of 1984, following a devastating bombing attack during the previous year.",
"According to a videotape released by Osama Bin Laden in 2004, images of the bombing of Lebanon were what made him conceive the attack on the United States on the 11th of September 2001, in order to deter further attacks resulting in the deaths of women and children.",
"In September 1988, the Parliament failed to elect a successor to President Gemayel as a result of differences between the Christians and the Muslims and Syrians.",
"The Arab League Summit of May 1989 led to the formation of a Saudi-Moroccan-Algerian committee to solve the crisis.",
"On 16 September 1989 the committee issued a peace plan which was accepted by all.",
"A ceasefire was established, the ports and airports were re-opened and refugees began to return.",
"In the same month, the Lebanese Parliament agreed to the Taif Agreement, which included an outline timetable for Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon and a formula for the de-confessionalisation of the Lebanese political system.",
"The war ended at the end of 1990 after sixteen years, resulting in massive loss of human life and property, while devastating the country's economy.",
"It is estimated that 150,000 people were killed and another 200,000 wounded.",
"Some 900,000 people, representing one-fifth of the pre-war population, were displaced from their homes.",
"Parts of Lebanon were left in ruins.",
"The Taif Agreement has still not been implemented in full and Lebanon's political system continues to be divided along sectarian lines."
] | [
2
] |
Transportation infrastructure | What is the name of Prague's biggest airport? | Czech Republic | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Václav Havel Airport in Prague is the main international airport in the country.",
"In 2010, it handled 11.6 million passengers, which makes it the busiest airport in Central and Eastern Europe.",
"In total, Czech Republic has 46 airports with paved runways, six of which provide international air services in Brno, Karlovy Vary, Mošnov (near Ostrava), Pardubice, Prague and Kunovice (near Uherské Hradiště).České dráhy (the Czech railways) is the main railway operator in the Czech Republic, with about 180 million passengers carried yearly.",
"Its cargo division, ČD Cargo, is the fifth largest railway cargo operator in the European Union.",
"With of tracks, the Czech Republic has one of the densest railway networks in Europe.",
"Of that number, is electrified, are single-line tracks and are double and multiple-line tracks.",
"In 2006 the new Italian tilting trains Pendolino ČD Class 680 entered service.",
"They have reached a speed of 237 km/h setting a new Czech railway speed record.",
"Russia, via pipelines through Ukraine and to a lesser extent, Norway, via pipelines through Germany, supply the Czech Republic with liquid and natural gas.",
"The road network in the Czech Republic is long.",
"and 738,4 km of motorways and 439,1 km of expressways.",
"The speed limit is 50 km/h within towns, 90 km/h outside of towns and 130 km/h on expressways."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Who was the executive music producer? | Inside Llewyn Davis | false | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"Inside Llewyn Davis is a 2013 American comedy-drama film written, directed and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen.",
"The film stars Oscar Isaac, Carey Mulligan, and John Goodman, and was produced by Scott Rudin, Ethan and Joel Coen.",
"T Bone Burnett was the executive music producer.",
"The film is about one week in the life of a singer who is active in New York's folk music scene in 1961.",
"Although Llewyn Davis is a fictional character, the story was partly inspired by the autobiography of folk singer Dave Van Ronk.",
"Most of the folk songs performed in the film are sung in full and recorded live.",
"The film won the Grand Prix at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, where it screened on May 19, 2013.",
"It received a limited release in the United States on December 6, 2013, and was given a wide release on January 10, 2014.",
"It received critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards, Best Cinematography and Best Sound Mixing, the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical, and two other nominations."
] | [
3
] |
Recent commentaries | What painting is very similar to Van Gogh's "Starry Night"? | The Starry Night | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Simon Singh, in his book \"Big Bang\", says that \"Starry Night\" has striking similarities to a sketch of the \"Whirlpool Galaxy\", drawn by Lord Rosse 44 years before Van Gogh's work.",
"The painting has been compared to an astronomical photograph of a star named V838 Monocerotis, taken by the Hubble in 2004.",
"The clouds of gas surrounding the star resemble the swirling patterns Van Gogh used in this painting.",
"Art historian Joachim Pissarro cites \"Starry Night\" as an exemplar of the artist's fascination with the nocturnal."
] | [
0
] |
Reception | What % of critics gave positive review of "Wadjda"? | Wadjda | false | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Wadjda\" received critical acclaim.",
"The film-critics aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reported 99% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 68 reviews, with an average score of 8.2/10.",
"The critical consensus is: \"Transgressive in the best possible way, Wadjda presents a startlingly assured new voice from a corner of the globe where cinema has been all but silenced.\"",
"Metacritic, which assigns a standardized score out of 100, rated the film 81 based on 23 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\"."
] | [
0
] |
Music video | What year did the music video, "Rolling in the Deep" win the Gramy Award? | Rolling in the Deep | true | 0MUSIC
| [
4
] | [
"The music video for \"Rolling in the Deep,\" directed by Sam Brown, premiered on Channel 4 on 3 December 2010.",
"The video begins in an abandoned house, where Adele is sitting in a chair singing.",
"During the video, the scenes show hundreds of glasses filled with water that vibrate to the beat of a drum, a mysterious person (played by Jennifer White, who also choreographed the sequence) dancing in a room with white flour and dust, the drummer playing the drums behind the stairs, china being thrown and breaking on the wall in front of the staircase, and a white model of a city which is set on fire by five bursting light bulbs at the end of the song.",
"On 20 July 2011, the music video was nominated for seven MTV Video Music Awards, including Video of the Year, Best Female Video, Best Pop Video and Best Direction, and won three for Best Editing, Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction.",
"The video won the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video on 12 February 2012."
] | [
0
] |
Racial characteristics | Have autorized comment on "negroid" characteristics? | Great Sphinx of Giza | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Over the years several authors have commented on what they perceive as \"Negroid\" characteristics in the face of the Sphinx.",
"This issue has become part of the Ancient Egyptian race controversy, with respect to the ancient population as a whole.",
"The face of the Sphinx has been damaged over the millennia."
] | [] |
Literature | When was Ulysses published? | Republic of Ireland | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
5
] | [
"Ireland has made a significant contribution to world literature in both the English and Irish languages.",
"Modern Irish fiction began with the publishing of the 1726 novel \"Gulliver's Travels\" by Jonathan Swift.",
"Other writers of importance during the 18th century and their most notable works include Laurence Sterne with the publication of \"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman\" and Oliver Goldsmith's \"The Vicar of Wakefield\".",
"Numerous Irish novelists emerged during the 19th century, including Maria Edgeworth, John Banim, Gerald Griffin, Charles Kickham, William Carleton, George Moore, and Somerville and Ross.",
"Bram Stoker is best known as the author of the 1897 novel \"Dracula\".",
"James Joyce (1882–1941) published his most famous work \"Ulysses\" in 1922, which is an interpretation of the \"Odyssey\" set in Dublin.",
"Edith Somerville continued writing after the death of her partner Martin Ross in 1915.",
"Dublin's Annie M. P. Smithson was one of several authors catering for fans of romantic fiction in the 1920s and 1930s.",
"After the Second World War, popular novels were published by, among others, Brian O'Nolan, who published as Flann O'Brien, Elizabeth Bowen, and Kate O'Brien.",
"During the final decades of the 20th century, Edna O'Brien, John McGahern, Maeve Binchy, Joseph O'Connor, Roddy Doyle, Colm Tóibín, and John Banville came to the fore as novelists.",
"Patricia Lynch (1898–1972) was a prolific children's author, while Eoin Colfer has been particularly successful in this genre in recent years.",
"In the genre of the short story, which is a form favoured by many Irish writers, the most prominent figures include Seán Ó Faoláin, Frank O'Connor and William Trevor.",
"Well known Irish poets include Patrick Kavanagh, Thomas McCarthy, Dermot Bolger, and Nobel Prize in Literature laureates William Butler Yeats and Seamus Heaney (born in Northern Ireland but resided in Dublin).",
"Prominent writers in the Irish language are Pádraic Ó Conaire, Máirtín Ó Cadhain, Séamus Ó Grianna, and Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill.",
"The history of Irish theatre begins with the expansion of the English administration in Dublin during the early 17th century, and since then, Ireland has significantly contributed to English drama.",
"In its early history, theatrical productions in Ireland tended to serve political purposes, but as more theatres opened and the popular audience grew, a more diverse range of entertainments were staged.",
"Many Dublin-based theatres developed links with their London equivalents, and British productions frequently found their way to the Irish stage.",
"However, most Irish playwrights went abroad to establish themselves.",
"In the 18th century, Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan were two of the most successful playwrights on the London stage at that time.",
"At the beginning of the 20th century, theatre companies dedicated to the staging of Irish plays and the development of writers, directors and performers began to emerge, which allowed many Irish playwrights to learn their trade and establish their reputations in Ireland rather than in Britain or the United States.",
"Following in the tradition of acclaimed practitioners, principally Oscar Wilde and Literature Nobel Prize laureates George Bernard Shaw (1925), and Samuel Beckett (1969), playwrights such as Seán O'Casey, Brian Friel, Sebastian Barry, Brendan Behan, Conor McPherson, and Billy Roche have gained popular success.",
"Other Irish playwrights of the 20th century include Denis Johnston, Thomas Kilroy, Tom Murphy, Hugh Leonard, Frank McGuinness, and John B. Keane."
] | [
2
] |
T1rho MRI | How does the decay take place? | Magnetic resonance imaging | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
9
] | [
"T1ρ (T1rho): Molecules have a kinetic energy that is a function of the temperature and is expressed as translational and rotational motions, and by collisions between molecules.",
"The moving dipoles disturb the magnetic field but are often extremely rapid so that the average effect over a long time-scale may be zero.",
"However, depending on the time-scale, the interactions between the dipoles do not always average away.",
"At the slowest extreme the interaction time is effectively infinite and occurs where there are large, stationary field disturbances (e.g., a metallic implant).",
"In this case the loss of coherence is described as a \"static dephasing\".",
"T2* is a measure of the loss of coherence in an ensemble of spins that includes all interactions (including static dephasing).",
"T2 is a measure of the loss of coherence that excludes static dephasing, using an RF pulse to reverse the slowest types of dipolar interaction.",
"There is in fact a continuum of interaction time-scales in a given biological sample, and the properties of the refocusing RF pulse can be tuned to refocus more than just static dephasing.",
"In general, the rate of decay of an ensemble of spins is a function of the interaction times and also the power of the RF pulse.",
"This type of decay, occurring under the influence of RF, is known as T1ρ.",
"It is similar to T2 decay but with some slower dipolar interactions refocused, as well as static interactions, hence T1ρ≥T2."
] | [
5
] |
Demographics | Near what mountain chain is population density the highest in Russia? | Russia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"Ethnic Russians comprise 81% of the country's population.",
"The Russian Federation is also home to several sizeable minorities.",
"In all, 160 different other ethnic groups and indigenous peoples live within its borders.",
"Though Russia's population is comparatively large, its density is low because of the country's enormous size.",
"Population is densest in European Russia, near the Ural Mountains, and in southwest Siberia.",
"73% of the population lives in urban areas while 27% in rural ones.",
"The results of the 2010 Census show a total population of 142,856,536.",
"Russia's population peaked at 148,689,000 in 1991, just before the dissolution of the Soviet Union.",
"It began to experience a rapid decline starting in the mid-1990s.",
"The decline has slowed to near stagnation in recent years because of reduced death rates, increased birth rates and increased immigration.",
"In 2009, Russia recorded annual population growth for the first time in fifteen years, with total growth of 10,500.",
"279,906 migrants arrived to the Russian Federation the same year, of which 93% came from CIS countries.",
"The number of Russian emigrants steadily declined from 359,000 in 2000 to 32,000 in 2009.",
"There are also an estimated 10 million illegal immigrants from the ex-Soviet states in Russia.",
"Roughly 116 million ethnic Russians live in Russia and about 20 million more live in other former republics of the Soviet Union, mostly in Ukraine and Kazakhstan.",
"The 2010 census recorded 81% of the population as ethnically Russian, and 19% as other ethnicities: 3.7% Tatars; 1.4% Ukrainians; 1.1% Bashkirs; 1% Chuvashes; 11.8% others and unspecified.",
"According to the Census, 84.93% of the Russian population belongs to European ethnic groups (Slavic, Germanic, Finnic other than Ugric, Greek, and others).",
"This is a decline from the 2002, when they constituted for more than 86% of the population.",
"Russia's birth rate is higher than that of most European countries (12.6 births per 1000 people in 2010 compared to the European Union average of 9.90 per 1000), but its death rate is also substantially higher (in 2010, Russia's death rate was 14.3 per 1000 people compared to the EU average of 10.28 per 1000).",
"The Russian Ministry of Health and Social Affairs predicted that by 2011 the death rate would equal the birth rate because of increase in fertility and decline in mortality.",
"The government is implementing a number of programs designed to increase the birth rate and attract more migrants.",
"Monthly government child-assistance payments were doubled to US$55, and a one-time payment of US$9,200 was offered to women who had a second child since 2007.",
"In 2006, in a bid to compensate for the country's demographic decline, the Russian government started simplifying immigration laws and launched a state program \"for providing assistance to voluntary immigration of ethnic Russians from former Soviet republics\".",
"In 2009 Russia experienced its highest birth rate since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.",
"In 2012, the birth rate increased again.",
"Russia recorded 1,896,263 births, the highest number since 1990, and even exceeding annual births during the period 1967–1969, with a TFR of about 1.7, the highest since 1991.",
"(Source: Vital statistics table below)In August 2012, as the country saw its first demographic growth since the 1990s, President Putin declared that Russia's population could reach 146 million by 2025, mainly as a result of immigration."
] | [
0
] |
Background | In what city did Leon Czolgosz in a factory? | Assassination of William McKinley | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
9
] | [
"In September 1901, William McKinley was at the height of his power as president.",
"Elected in 1896, during the serious economic depression resulting from the Panic of 1893, he had defeated his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan.",
"McKinley led the nation both to a return to prosperity and to victory in the Spanish-American War in 1898, taking possession of such Spanish colonies as Puerto Rico and the Philippines.",
"Re-elected handily in a rematch against Bryan in 1900, according to historical writer Eric Rauchway, \"it looked as if the McKinley Administration would continue peaceably unbroken for another four years, a government devoted to prosperity\".",
"McKinley's original vice president, Garret Hobart, had died in 1899, and McKinley left the choice of a running mate to the 1900 Republican National Convention.",
"In advance of the convention, New York's Republican political boss, Senator Thomas C. Platt, saw an opportunity to politically sideline his state's governor, former Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, by pushing for his nomination as vice president.",
"Roosevelt accepted the nomination and was elected on McKinley's ticket.",
"Leon Czolgosz was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1873, the son of Polish immigrants.",
"The Czolgosz family moved a number of times as Paul Czolgosz, Leon's father, sought work throughout the Midwest.",
"As an adult, Leon Czolgosz worked in a Cleveland factory until he lost his job in a labor dispute in 1893.",
"Thereafter, he worked irregularly and attended political and religious meetings, trying to understand the reasons for the economic turmoil of the Panic of 1893.",
"In so doing, he became interested in anarchism.",
"By 1901, this movement was feared in the United States—New York's highest court had ruled that the act of identifying oneself as an anarchist in front of an audience was a breach of the peace.",
"Anarchists had taken a toll in Europe of a half-dozen officials and members of royal houses, and had been blamed for the 1886 Haymarket bombing in Chicago.",
"Two American presidents had been assassinated in the 19th century—Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and James Garfield in 1881.",
"John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln's assassin, had been embittered by the Confederate defeat in the American Civil War; Charles Guiteau, the assassin of Garfield, was an eccentric (possibly insane) man motivated by personal political and religious views who had unsuccessfully sought office in Garfield's administration.",
"Although two presidents had been struck down by assassins, McKinley did not like security personnel to come between him and the people.",
"When in his hometown, Canton, Ohio, he often walked to church or the business district without protection, and in Washington went on drives with his wife without any guard in the carriage."
] | [
0
] |
Performing arts | What is Indian theater based on? | India | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
8
] | [
"Indian music ranges over various traditions and regional styles.",
"Classical music encompasses two genres and their various folk offshoots: the northern Hindustani and southern Carnatic schools.",
"Regionalised popular forms include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the \"bauls\" is a well-known form of the latter.",
"Indian dance also features diverse folk and classical forms.",
"Among the better-known folk dances are the \"bhangra\" of the Punjab, the \"bihu\" of Assam, the \"chhau\" of West Bengal and Jharkhand,\"Garba\" and \"Dandiya\" of Gujarat, \"sambalpuri\" of Odisha, \"ghoomar\" of Rajasthan, and the \"lavani\" of Maharashtra.",
"Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama.",
"These are: \"bharatanatyam\" of the state of Tamil Nadu, \"kathak\" of Uttar Pradesh, \"kathakali\" and \"mohiniyattam\" of Kerala,\" kuchipudi\" of Andhra Pradesh, \"manipuri\" of Manipur, \"odissi\" of Odisha, and the \"sattriya\" of Assam.",
"Theatre in India melds music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue.",
"Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from medieval romances or social and political events, Indian theatre includes the \"bhavai\" of Gujarat, the \"jatra\" of West Bengal, the \"nautanki\" and \"ramlila\" of North India, \"tamasha\" of Maharashtra, \"burrakatha\" of Andhra Pradesh, \"terukkuttu\" of Tamil Nadu, and the \"yakshagana\" of Karnataka."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | The U.S. TV series, Dancing with the Stars is hosted by who? | Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) | true | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)Dancing with the Stars is an American dance competition show airing since 2005 on ABC in the United States, and CTV/CTV Two in Canada.",
"The show is the American version of the British television series \"Strictly Come Dancing\".",
"Tom Bergeron is the Emmy-winning host, alongside Erin Andrews, who is the new co-host for season eighteen.",
"Lisa Canning was co-host in season one, Samantha Harris co-hosted seasons two through nine and Brooke Burke-Charvet in seasons ten through seventeen.",
"The contestant pairs consist of a celebrity paired with a professional dancer.",
"Past celebrity contestants include professional and Olympic athletes, supermodels, actors, singers, astronauts, and teen-heartthrobs.",
"Each couple performs predetermined dances and competes against the others for judges' points and audience votes.",
"The couple receiving the lowest combined total of judges' points and audience votes is eliminated each week until only the champion dance pair remains.",
"In 2012, GSN picked up rerun rights to seasons four to thirteen, but due to low ratings the network stopped airing the show after airing for three months from January 2012 to April 2012 in two different seasons aired mostly on weekends."
] | [
3
] |
Personnel | Who played the drums on the Beatles song "I Want to Hold Your Hand"? | I Want to Hold Your Hand | true | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
"John Lennon – vocal, rhythm guitar, handclaps",
"Paul McCartney – vocal, bass guitar, handclaps",
"George Harrison – lead guitar, handclaps",
"Ringo Starr – drums, handclaps",
"Personnel per Ian MacDonald"
] | [
3
] |
Conception | How many episodes were ordere for the first season of 30 Rock? | 30 Rock | false | 1TV
| [
13
] | [
"Development and production.",
"In 2002, Fey was the head writer and a performer on the television show \"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\").",
"She pitched the show that became \"30 Rock\" to NBC, originally as a sitcom about cable news.",
"NBC Entertainment president Kevin Reilly felt that \"Fey was using the news setting as a fig leaf for her own experience and encouraged her to write what she knew.\"",
"The show was subsequently reworked to revolve around an \"SNL\"-style sketch show.",
"After being presented to Reilly once more, the show was set to air during the 2005–2006 television season.",
"Just before the deal went through, however, the show was nearly brushed aside by Anthony Lewis and Jack Melcher, two NBC executives who fought the idea, fearing that Fey's removal from \"SNL\" would result in a severe cut to the show's ratings.",
"Eventually, Lewis gave in just a month before his retirement, and Melcher backed down.",
"In May 2003, Fey signed a contract with NBC to remain in her \"SNL\" head writer position until at least the 2004–2005 television season and to develop a prime-time project to be produced by Broadway Video and NBC Universal.",
"Filming was postponed due to Tina Fey's first pregnancy.",
"During the 2004–2005 pilot season, a pilot was announced named \"Untitled Tina Fey Project\".",
"The \"30 Rock\" pilot focused on the boss of a variety show who has to manage her relationships with the show's volatile star and its charismatic executive producer.",
"The storyline evolved into one that dealt with a head writer of a variety show who dealt with both the stars as well as the show's new network executive.",
"\"30 Rock\" was officially given the green light to air May 15, 2006, along with a 13-episode order.",
"The series underwent further changes during the months leading up to and following its debut.",
"A May 2006 press release mentioned that sketches from \"The Girlie Show\" would be made available in their entirety on NBC's broadband website, DotComedy.com.",
"The idea was to air the fictitious \"TGS with Tracy Jordan\" online.",
"This aspect of the series was abandoned prior to its debut."
] | [
5
] |
Antecedents | Who did Atl support during the revolution? | Mexican muralism | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
20
] | [
"Mexico has had a tradition of painting murals, starting with the Olmec civilization in the pre Hispanic period and into the colonial period, with murals mostly painted to evangelize and reinforce Christian doctrine.",
"The modern tradition has its roots in the 19th century, with this use of political and social themes.",
"The first Mexican mural painter to use philosophical themes in his work was Juan Cordero in the mid 19th century.",
"Although he did mostly work with religious themes such as the cupola of the Santa Teresa Church and other churches, he painted a secular mural at the request of Gabino Barreda at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (since disappeared).",
"The latter 19th century was dominated politically by the Porfirio Díaz regime.",
"This government was the first to push for the cultural development of the country, supporting the Academy of San Carlos and sending promising artists abroad to study.",
"However, this effort left out indigenous culture and people, with aim of making Mexico like Europe.",
"Gerardo Murillo, also known as Dr. Atl, is considered to be the first modern Mexican muralists with the idea that Mexican art should reflect Mexican life.",
"Academy training and the government had only promoted imitations of European art.",
"Atl and other early muralists pressured the Diaz government to allow them to paint on building walls to escape this formalism.",
"Atl also organized an independent exhibition of native Mexican artists promoting many indigenous and national themes along with color schemes that would later appear in mural painting.",
"The first modern Mexican mural, painted by Atl, was a series of female nudes using “Atlcolor” a substance Atl invented himself, very shortly before the beginning of the Mexican Revolution .",
"Another influence on the young artists of the late Porfirian period was the graphic work of José Guadalupe Posada, who mocked European styles and created cartoons with social and political criticism.",
"The Mexican Revolution itself was the culmination of political and social opposition to Porfirio Díaz policies.",
"One important oppositional group was a small intellectual community that included Antonio Curo, Alfonso Reyes and José Vasconcelos.",
"They promoted a populist philosophy that coincided with the social and political criticism of Atl and Posada and influenced the next generation of painters such as Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros.",
"These ideas gained power as a result of the Mexican Revolution, which overthrew the Díaz regime in less than a year.",
"However, there was nearly a decade of fighting among the various factions vying for power.",
"Governments changed frequently with a number of assassination, including that of Francisco I. Madero who initiated the struggle.",
"It ended in the early 1920s with one-party rule in the hands of the Álvaro Obregón faction, which became the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI).",
"During the Revolution, Atl supported the Carranza faction and promoted the work of Rivera, Orozco and Siqueiros, who would later be the founders of the muralism movement.",
"Through the war and until 1921, Atl continued to paint murals among other activities including teaching the Mexico’s next generation of artists and muralists."
] | [
3
] |
FBI | Which of the September 11th attackers was from Egypt? | September 11 attacks | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
11
] | [
"Immediately after the attacks, the Federal Bureau of Investigation started PENTTBOM, the largest criminal inquiry in the history of the United States.",
"At its height, more than half of the FBI's agents worked on the investigation and followed a half-million leads.",
"The FBI concluded that there was \"clear and irrefutable\" evidence linking al-Qaeda and bin Laden to the attacks.",
"The FBI was quickly able to identify the hijackers, including leader Mohamed Atta, when his luggage was discovered at Boston's Logan Airport.",
"Atta had been forced to check two of his three bags due to space limitations on the 19-seat commuter flight he took to Boston.",
"Due to a new policy instituted to prevent flight delays, the luggage failed to make it aboard American Airlines Flight 11 as planned.",
"The luggage contained the hijackers' names, assignments and al-Qaeda connections.",
"\"It had all these Arab-language (sic) papers that amounted to the Rosetta stone of the investigation\", said one FBI agent.",
"Within hours of the attacks, the FBI released the names and in many cases the personal details of the suspected pilots and hijackers.",
"By midday, the U.S. National Security Agency and German intelligence agencies had intercepted communications pointing to Osama bin Laden.",
"On September 27, 2001, the FBI released photos of the 19 hijackers, along with information about possible nationalities and aliases.",
"Fifteen of the men were from Saudi Arabia, two from the United Arab Emirates, one (Atta) from Egypt, and one from Lebanon."
] | [] |
Development and production | What year did Showtime order a 4th season? | Nurse Jackie | true | 1TV
| [
10
] | [
"",
"\"Nurse Jackie\" was created by Liz Brixius, Linda Wallem, and Evan Dunsky with Brixius and Wallem serving as showrunners for the series and sharing executive producer duties with Caryn Mandabach and John Melfi.",
"Showtime ordered an initial 12 episodes.",
"Before the premiere, Brixius told the New York \"Daily News\" that \"Guys' stories tend to be about conquests – getting the job, winning the Olympics, whatever.",
"Women stories aren't as immediately climactic so they need to play out over the course of three months ... And every medical show out there has been about doctors.",
"Doctors are absolutely unable to do what they have to do without nurses.",
"We want to tell those stories.",
"\"The June 8, 2009 series premiere was Showtime's most-successful ever, with 1 million viewers for the premiere and over 350,000 for the repeat broadcast.",
"Showtime immediately picked up the series for a second season.",
"Season Three premiered on Showtime on March 28, 2011.",
"On May 23, 2011, Showtime ordered a fourth season of Nurse Jackie.",
"A fifth season was ordered on May 31, 2012, and production began in late 2012.",
"The season 4 finale aired on June 17, 2012 Season 5 premiered on April 14, 2013.",
"On June 6, 2013, Showtime renewed Nurse Jackie for a sixth season to air on April 13, 2014.",
"On March 31, 2014, Showtime renewed Nurse Jackie for a seventh season to air in 2015. "
] | [
0
] |
Origins | What did the guy who asked how to bring five felons together do? | The Usual Suspects | true | 6MOVIES
| [
6
] | [
"Bryan Singer met Kevin Spacey at a party after a screening of the young filmmaker's first film, \"Public Access\", at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival.",
"Spacey had been encouraged by a number of people he knew who had seen it, and was so impressed that he told Singer and McQuarrie that he wanted to be in whatever film they did next.",
"Singer read a column in \"Spy\" magazine called \"The Usual Suspects\" after Claude Rains' line in \"Casablanca.\"",
"Singer thought that it would be a good title for a film.",
"When asked by a reporter at Sundance what their next film was about, McQuarrie replied, \"I guess it's about a bunch of criminals who meet in a police line-up,\" which incidentally was the first visual idea that he and Singer had for the poster: \"five guys who meet in a line-up,\" Singer remembers.",
"The director also envisioned a tagline for the poster, \"All of you can go to Hell.\"",
"Singer then asked the question, \"What would possibly bring these five felons together in one line-up?\"",
"McQuarrie revamped an idea from one of his own unpublished screenplays — the story of a man who murders his own family and walks away, disappearing from view.",
"The writer mixed this with the idea of a team of criminals.Söze's character is based on the accounts of John List, a New Jersey accountant who murdered his family in 1971 and then disappeared for almost two decades, assuming a new identity before he was ultimately apprehended.",
"McQuarrie based the name of Keyser Söze on one of his previous supervisors, Keyser Sume, at a Los Angeles law firm that he worked for, but decided to change the last name because he thought that his former boss would object to how it was used.",
"He found the word \"söze\" in his roommate's English-to-Turkish dictionary, which translates as \"talk too much.\"",
"All the characters' names are taken from staff members of the law firm at the time of his employment.",
"McQuarrie had also worked for a detective agency, and this influenced the depiction of criminals and law enforcement officials in the script.",
"Singer described the film as \"Double Indemnity\" meets \"Rashomon,\" and said that it was made \"so you can go back and see all sorts of things you didn't realize were there the first time.",
"You can get it a second time in a way you never could have the first time around.\"",
"He also compared the film's structure to \"Citizen Kane\" (which also contained an interrogator and a subject who is telling a story) and the criminal caper \"The Anderson Tapes.\""
] | [
0,
5,
3
] |
Influence | At what time was Rivera living in the United States? | Mexican muralism | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
11
] | [
"After nearly a century since the beginning of the movement, Mexican artists still produce murals and other forms of art with the same “mestizo” message.",
"Murals can be found in government buildings, former churches and schools in nearly every part of the country.",
"One recent example is a cross cultural project in 2009 to paint a mural in the municipal market of Teotitlán del Valle, a small town in the state of Oaxaca.",
"High school and college student from Georgia, United States, collaborated with town authorities to design and paint a mural to promote nutrition, environmental protection, education and the preservation of Zapotec language and customs.",
"Mexican muralism brought mural painting back to the forefront of Western art in the 20th century with its influence spreading abroad, especially promoting the idea of mural painting as a form of promoting social and political ideas.",
"It offered an alternative to non-representational abstraction after World War I with figurative works that reflect society and its immediate concerns.",
"While most Mexican muralists had little desire to be part of the international art scene, their influence spread to other parts of the Americas.",
"Notable muralists influenced by Mexican muralism include Carlos Mérida of Guatemala, Oswaldo Guayasamín of Ecuador and Candido Portinari of Brazil .",
"Rivera, Orozco, and Siqueiros all spent time in the United States.",
"Orozco was the first to paint murals in the late 1920s at Pomona College in Claremont, California, staying until 1934 and becoming popular with academic institutions.",
"During the Great Depression, the Works Progress Administration employed artists to paint murals, which paved the way for Mexican muralists to find commissions in the country.",
"Rivera lived in the United States from 1930 to 1934.",
"During this time, he put on an influential show of his easel work at the Museum of Modern Art.",
"The success of Orozco and Rivera prompted U.S. artists to study in Mexico and opened doors for many other Mexican artists to find work in the country.",
"Siqueiros did not fare as well.",
"He was exiled to the US from Mexico in 1932, moving to Los Angeles.",
"During this time, he painted three murals, but they were painted over.",
"América Tropical, the only surviving public mural by David Alfaro Siqueiros in the United States is being conserved and construction of an adjoining visitor center is expected to be completed by 2012 or 2013.",
"The concept of mural as political message was transplanted to the United States, especially in the former Mexican territory of the Southwest.",
"It served as inspiration to the later Chicano Mural Movement but the political messages are different."
] | [
0
] |
Cloning extinct and endangered species | How where the tissue samples from the last "bucardo" preserved? | Cloning | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
9
] | [
" extinct and endangered species.",
"Cloning, or more precisely, the reconstruction of functional DNA from extinct species has, for decades, been a dream of some scientists.",
"Current cloning techniques have an average success rate of less than 5 percent, even when working with familiar species; cloning wild animals is usually less than 1 percent successful.",
"The possible implications of this were dramatized in the best-selling novel by Michael Crichton and high budget Hollywood thriller \"Jurassic Park\".",
"Early hopes to save species through cloning have been dashed as the difficulties of cloning any species have made progress very slow.",
"Several tissue banks have come into existence, including the \"Frozen Zoo\" at the San Diego Zoo, to store frozen tissue from the world's rarest and most endangered species.",
"In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days.",
"In 2003, a banteng was successfully cloned, followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo.",
"These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species.",
"Anticipating this possibility, tissue samples from the last \"bucardo\" (Pyrenean Ibex) were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after it died in 2000.",
"Researchers are also considering cloning endangered species such as the giant panda and cheetah.",
"In 2002, geneticists at the Australian Museum announced that they had replicated DNA of the Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger), at the time extinct for about 65 years, using polymerase chain reaction.",
"However, on February 15, 2005 the museum announced that it was stopping the project after tests showed the specimens' DNA had been too badly degraded by the (ethanol) preservative.",
"On 15 May 2005 it was announced that the Thylacine project would be revived, with new participation from researchers in New South Wales and Victoria.",
"In January 2009, for the first time, an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex mentioned above was cloned, at the Centre of Food Technology and Research of Aragon, using the preserved DNA of the skin samples from 2001 and domestic goat egg-cells.",
"The ibex died shortly after birth due to physical defects in its lungs.",
"One of the most anticipated targets for cloning was once the Woolly Mammoth, but attempts to extract DNA from frozen mammoths have been unsuccessful, though a joint Russo-Japanese team is currently working toward this goal.",
"In January 2011, it was reported by Yomiuri Shimbun that a team of scientists headed by Akira Iritani of Kyoto University had built upon research by Dr. Wakayama, saying that they will extract DNA from a mammoth carcass that had been preserved in a Russian laboratory and insert it into the egg cells of an African elephant in hopes of producing a mammoth embryo.",
"The researchers said they hoped to produce a baby mammoth within six years.",
"Scientists at the University of Newcastle and University of New South Wales announced in March 2013 that the very recently extinct gastric-brooding frog would be the subject of a cloning attempt to resurrect the species."
] | [
4,
5
] |
Abstract | Where did the committee want the Wrights to demonstrate flight? | Wright Brothers flights of 1909 | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"Airplane inventors Wilbur and Orville Wright are famed for making the first controlled, powered, heavier-than-air flights on 17 December 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.",
"Lesser-known are other flights of theirs which played an important role at the dawn of aviation history.",
"In 1909 Wilbur was invited by the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Committee to make paid exhibition flights to help mark 300 years of New York history, including Henry Hudson discovering Manhattan and Robert Fulton starting a successful commercial steamboat service on the Hudson River.",
"The committee wanted the Wrights to demonstrate flights over the water around New York City.",
"Orville was making flights for customers in Germany, so Wilbur, who had just finished training U.S. Army pilots, accepted the job."
] | [
4
] |
Chart performance | At what place this Helm's original show up on the charts? | Jingle Bell Rock | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0,
3
] | [
"Helms's original version charted at No.",
"13 on \"Billboard\"'s Most Played C&W by Jockeys chart, a predecessor to the Hot Country Songs chart.",
"After it was featured on the soundtrack to the 1996 film \"Jingle All the Way\", the original version returned to the country charts in late 1996-early 1997, reaching a peak of No.",
"It also crossed to the pop charts, reaching #11 in the Cashbox Top 60, week ending January 11, 1958."
] | [
0
] |
Initial air attacks | How many B-17s took off from Midway for the first air attack? | Battle of Midway | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"Initial air attacks.",
"At about 09:00 on 3 June, Ensign Jack Reid, piloting a PBY from US Navy patrol squadron VP-44, spotted the Japanese Occupation Force some to the west-southwest of Midway.",
"He mistakenly reported this group as the Main Force.",
"Nine B-17s took off from Midway at 12:30 for the first air attack.",
"Three hours later, they found the Japanese Tanaka's transport group to the west.",
"Under heavy anti-aircraft fire, they dropped their bombs.",
"Though hits were reported, none of the bombs actually hit and no significant damage was inflicted.",
"Early the following morning Japanese oil tanker \"Akebono Maru\" sustained the first hit when a torpedo from an attacking PBY struck her around 01:00.",
"This was the only successful air-launched torpedo attack by the U.S. during the entire battle.",
"At 04:30 on 4 June, Nagumo launched his initial attack on Midway itself, consisting of 36 Aichi D3A dive bombers and 36 Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers, escorted by 36 Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters.",
"At the same time he launched a defensive combat air patrol (CAP) with his eight search aircraft (one from the heavy cruiser launched 30 minutes late due to technical difficulties).",
"Japanese reconnaissance arrangements were flimsy, with too few aircraft to adequately cover the assigned search areas, laboring under poor weather conditions to the northeast and east of the task force.",
"Yamamoto's faulty dispositions had now become a serious liability.",
"As Nagumo's bombers and fighters were taking off, 11 PBYs were leaving Midway to run their search patterns.",
"At 05:30, PBY reported sighting two Japanese carriers with empty decks, indicating an air strike en route.",
"American radar picked up the enemy at a distance of several miles, and interceptors were scrambled.",
"Unescorted bombers headed off to attack the Japanese carrier fleet, their fighter escorts remaining behind to defend Midway.",
"At 06:20 Japanese carrier aircraft bombed and heavily damaged the U.S. base.",
"Midway-based Marine fighters, which included 7 F4Fs and 21 F2As, intercepted the Japanese and suffered heavy losses, though they managed to destroy four B5Ns and at least three A6Ms.",
"Within the first few minutes, 3 F4Fs and 13 F2As were destroyed, while most of the surviving U.S. planes were damaged, with only two remained airworthy.",
"American anti-aircraft fire was accurate and intense, destroying four additional Japanese aircraft and damaging many more.",
"Of the 108 Japanese aircraft involved in this attack, 11 were destroyed, 14 were heavily damaged, and 29 were damaged to some degree.",
"The initial Japanese attack did not succeed in neutralizing Midway: American bombers could still use the airbase to refuel and attack the Japanese invasion force, and most of Midway's land-based defenses were intact.",
"Japanese pilots reported to Nagumo that another aerial attack to soften Midway's defences would be necessary if troops were to go ashore by 7 June.",
"Having taken off prior to the Japanese attack, American bombers based on Midway made several attacks on the Japanese carrier fleet.",
"These included six Grumman Avengers, detached to Midway from the s VT-8 (Midway was the first combat mission for the VT-8 airmen, and it was the combat debut of the TBF), Marine Scout-Bombing Squadron 241 (VMSB-241), consisting of eleven SB2U-3s and sixteen SBDs, plus four USAAF B-26s, armed with torpedoes, and fifteen B-17s.",
"The Japanese repelled these attacks for the loss of two fighters, destroying five TBFs, two SB2Us, eight SBDs and two B-26s.",
"The first Marine aviator to perish in the battle, Major Lofton R. Henderson of VMSB-241, was killed while leading his inexperienced Dauntless squadron into action.",
"The main airfield at Guadalcanal was named Henderson Field after him in August 1942; two civil airports also bear this name.",
"One B-26, after being seriously damaged by anti-aircraft fire, veered into a steep dive straight toward the \"Akagi\".",
"Making no attempt to pull out of its run, the aircraft narrowly missed crashing directly into the carrier's bridge, which could potentially have killed Nagumo and his command staff.",
"This experience may well have contributed to Nagumo's determination to launch another attack on Midway, in direct violation of Yamamoto's order to keep the reserve strike force armed for anti-ship operations."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | What year was the modern set of rules published in Germany? | Handball | false | 4SPORT
| [
8
] | [
"Handball (also known as team handball, Olympic handball, European team handball, European handball, or Borden ball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outfield players and a goalkeeper on each team) pass a ball to throw it into the goal of the other team.",
"A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes, and the team that scores more goals wins.",
"Modern handball is played on a court 40 by 20 meters (131 by 66 ft), with a goal in the center of each end.",
"The goals are surrounded by a 6-meter zone where only the defending goalkeeper is allowed; the goals must be scored by throwing the ball from outside the zone or while \"diving\" into it.",
"The sport is usually played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the forms of field handball and Czech handball (which were more common in the past) and beach handball (also called sandball).",
"The game is quite fast and includes body contact, as the defenders try to stop the attackers from approaching the goal.",
"Goals are scored quite frequently; usually both teams score at least 20 goals each, and it is not uncommon for both teams to score more than 30 goals.",
"The game was codified at the end of the 19th century in northern Europe, chiefly in Scandinavia and Germany.",
"The modern set of rules was published in 1917 in Germany, and had several revisions since.",
"The first international games were played under these rules for men in 1925 and for women in 1930.",
"Men's field handball was first played at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, and the next time at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, and has been an Olympics sport since.",
"Women's team handball was added at the 1976 Summer Olympics.",
"The International Handball Federation was formed in 1946, and has 174 member federations.",
"The sport is most popular in continental Europe, whose countries have won every single medal in men's world championships since 1938, and all women's titles until 2013, when Brazil broke the series.",
"The game also enjoys popularity in Far East, north Africa and Brazil."
] | [
0
] |
Dance in Egypt | Where is belly dance most prevalent? | Egypt | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Today, Egypt is often considered the home of belly dance.",
"Egyptian belly dance has two main styles - raqs baladi and raqs sharqi.",
"There are also numerous folkloric and character dances that may be part of an Egyptian-style belly dancer's repertoire, as well as the modern shaabi street dance which shares some elements with raqs baladi.",
"Samia Gamal was the most famous dancer in Egypt."
] | [
4
] |
Puritan movement | Did the Puritans object to ecclesiastical courts during the Puritan Movement? | Protestant Reformation | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
6
] | [
"The success of the Counter-Reformation on the Continent and the growth of a Puritan party dedicated to further Protestant reform polarised the Elizabethan Age, although it was not until the '40s that England underwent religious strife comparable to what its neighbours had suffered some generations before.",
"The early \"Puritan movement\" (late 16th–17th centuries) was Reformed or Calvinist and was a movement for reform in the Church of England.",
"Its origins lay in the discontent with the Elizabethan Religious Settlement.",
"The desire was for the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant churches of Europe, especially Geneva.",
"The Puritans objected to ornaments and ritual in the churches as idolatrous (vestments, surplices, organs, genuflection), which they castigated as \"popish pomp and rags\".",
"(See Vestments controversy.)",
"They also objected to ecclesiastical courts.",
"They refused to endorse completely all of the ritual directions and formulas of the \"Book of Common Prayer\"; the imposition of its liturgical order by legal force and inspection sharpened Puritanism into a definite opposition movement.",
"The later Puritan movement were often referred to as dissenters and nonconformists and eventually led to the formation of various reformed denominations.",
"The most famous and well-known emigration to America was the migration of the Puritan separatists from the Anglican Church of England, who fled first to Holland, and then later to America, to establish the English colony of Massachusetts in New England, which later became one of the original United States.",
"These Puritan separatists were also known as \"the Pilgrims\".",
"After establishing a colony at Plymouth (which became part of the colony of Massachusetts) in 1620, the Puritan pilgrims received a charter from the King of England that legitimised their colony, allowing them to do trade and commerce with merchants in England, in accordance with the principles of mercantilism.",
"This successful, though initially quite difficult, colony marked the beginning of the Protestant presence in America (the earlier French, Spanish and Portuguese settlements had been Roman Catholic), and became a kind of oasis of spiritual and economic freedom, to which persecuted Protestants and other minorities from the British Isles and Europe (and later, from all over the world) fled to for peace, freedom and opportunity.",
"The Pilgrims of New England disapproved of Christmas and celebration was outlawed in Boston from 1659 to 1681.",
"The ban was revoked in 1681 by Sir Edmund Andros, who also revoked a Puritan ban against festivities on Saturday night.",
"Despite the removal of the ban, it wouldn't be until the middle of the 19th century that Christmas would become a popular holiday in the Boston region.",
"The original intent of the colonists was to establish spiritual Puritanism, which had been denied to them in England and the rest of Europe, to engage in peaceful commerce with England and the native American Indians, and to Christianize the peoples of the Americas."
] | [] |
Andrew | Who is the only of the three Kensington boys to have appeared in all the "Up" films? | Up Series | false | 6MOVIES
| [
6,
7
] | [
"Andrew was one of three boys chosen from the same pre-preparatory school in the wealthy London district of Kensington (the other two being Charles and John).",
"The three are introduced in \"Seven Up!\"",
"singing \"Waltzing Matilda\" in Latin.",
"At the age of seven, when asked what newspaper he reads, if any, Andrew stated that he reads \"The Financial Times\" (although he later revealed he was in fact just repeating what his father had told him when asked the same question).",
"All three could say which prep schools, public schools and universities they planned to attend (Oxford or Cambridge in all cases); two named the specific Oxbridge college they intended to join.",
"Andrew Brackfield's academic career culminated in his studying at Trinity College, Cambridge.",
"Andrew subsequently became a solicitor, married and raised a family.",
"He is the only one of the three Kensington boys to have appeared in all the \"Up\" films.",
"Both Andrew and his wife are most satisfied with how their children have turned out, followed by their relationship."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | When did the third season of Last Man Standing premiere? | Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
5
] | [
"Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)Last Man Standing is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen and Nancy Travis that currently airs on ABC.",
"The series premiered on October 11, 2011.",
"This is the second sitcom Allen starred in for ABC, the first being \"Home Improvement\".",
"On May 11, 2012, the series was renewed for a second season that premiered on November 2, 2012.",
"On May 10, 2013, ABC renewed \"Last Man Standing\" for a third season.",
"It premiered on September 20, 2013."
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | What causes the chemical bonding? | Electron | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
17
] | [
"The electron (symbol: ) is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge.",
"Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure.",
"The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.",
"Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value in units of \"ħ\", which means that it is a fermion.",
"Being fermions, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle.",
"Electrons also have properties of both particles and waves, and so can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light.",
"Experiments with electrons best demonstrate this duality because electrons have a tiny mass.",
"Many physical phenomena involve electrons in an essential role, such as electricity, magnetism, and thermal conductivity, and they also participate in gravitational, electromagnetic and weak interactions.",
"An electron in space generates an electric field surrounding it.",
"An electron moving relative to an observer generates a magnetic field.",
"External magnetic fields deflect an electron.",
"Electrons radiate or absorb energy in the form of photons when accelerated.",
"Laboratory instruments are capable of containing and observing individual electrons as well as electron plasma using electromagnetic fields, whereas dedicated telescopes can detect electron plasma in outer space.",
"Electrons have many applications, including electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors and particle accelerators.",
"Interactions involving electrons and other subatomic particles are of interest in fields such as chemistry and nuclear physics.",
"The Coulomb force interaction between positive protons inside atomic nuclei and negative electrons composes atoms.",
"Ionization or changes in the proportions of particles changes the binding energy of the system.",
"The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding.",
"British natural philosopher Richard Laming first hypothesized the concept of an indivisible quantity of electric charge to explain the chemical properties of atoms in 1838; Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney named this charge 'electron' in 1891, and J. J. Thomson and his team of British physicists identified it as a particle in 1897.",
"Electrons can also participate in nuclear reactions, such as nucleosynthesis in stars, where they are known as beta particles.",
"Electrons may be created through beta decay of radioactive isotopes and in high-energy collisions, for instance when cosmic rays enter the atmosphere.",
"The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron; it is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical and other charges of the opposite sign.",
"When an electron collides with a positron, both particles may be totally annihilated, producing gamma ray photons. "
] | [
0
] |
History | Who built a house on Victoria Peak in the 1800s? | Victoria Peak | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"As early as 19th century, the Peak attracted prominent European residents because of its panoramic view over the city and its temperate climate compared to the sub-tropical climate in the rest of Hong Kong.",
"The sixth Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Richard MacDonnell had a summer residence built on the Peak circa 1868.",
"Those that built houses named them whimsically, such as The Eyrie, and the Austin Arms.",
"See First houses on the Peak.",
"These original residents reached their homes by sedan chairs, which were carried up and down the steep slope of Victoria Peak.",
"This limited development of the Peak until the opening of the Peak Tram funicular in 1888.",
"The boost to accessibility caused by the opening of the Peak Tram created demand for residences on the Peak.",
"Between 1904 and 1930, the Peak Reservation Ordinance designated the Peak as an exclusive residential area reserved for non-Chinese.",
"They also reserved the Peak Tram for the use of such passengers during peak periods.",
"The Peak remains an upmarket residential area, although residency today is based on wealth."
] | [
3
] |
Rise of modern light microscopy | What year did Van Leeuwenhoek discover micro-organisms? | Microscope | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
5
] | [
"The first detailed account of the interior construction of living tissue based on the use of a microscope did not appear until 1644, in Giambattista Odierna's \"L'occhio della mosca\", or \"The Fly's Eye\".",
"It was not until the 1660s and 1670s that the microscope was used extensively for research in Italy, The Netherlands and England.",
"Marcelo Malpighi in Italy began the analysis of biological structures beginning with the lungs.",
"Robert Hooke's \"Micrographia\" had a huge impact, largely because of its impressive illustrations.",
"The greatest contribution came from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek who discovered red blood cells and spermatozoa and helped popularise microscopy as a technique.",
"On 9 October 1676, Van Leeuwenhoek reported the discovery of micro-organisms.",
"In 1893 August Köhler developed a key technique for sample illumination, Köhler illumination, which is central to modern light microscopy.",
"This method of sample illumination gives rise to extremely even lighting and overcomes many limitations of older techniques of sample illumination.",
"Further developments in sample illumination came from Frits Zernike in 1953 for inventing Phase Contrast, and Georges Nomarski 1955 for his development of differential interference contrast illumination; both of which allow imaging of unstained, transparent samples."
] | [
0
] |
Shot dead | Where did the first bullet hit the Archduke Franz Ferdinand when he was assassinated? | Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"After learning that the first assassination attempt had been unsuccessful, Princip thought about a position to assassinate the archduke on his return journey, and decided to move to a position in front of a nearby food shop (Schiller's delicatessen), near the Latin Bridge.",
"When Franz Ferdinand's car approached on its return journey, Princip stepped forward and fired two shots from a distance of about one and a half metres (5 feet) using a Belgian-made 9×17mm (.380 ACP) Fabrique Nationale model 1910 semi-automatic pistol.",
"Pistol serial numbers 19074, 19075, 19120 and 19126 were supplied to the assassins; Princip used #19074.",
"According to Albertini, \"the first bullet wounded the Archduke in the jugular vein, the second inflicted an abdominal wound on the Duchess.\"",
"Princip was immediately arrested.",
"At his sentencing, Princip stated that his intention had been to kill Governor Potiorek, rather than Sophie.",
"Both victims remained seated upright, but dying while being driven to the Governor's residence for medical treatment.",
"As reported by Count Harrach, Franz Ferdinand's last words were \"Sophie, Sophie!",
"Don't die!",
"Live for our children!\"",
"followed by six or seven utterances of \"It is nothing.\"",
"in response to Harrach's inquiry as to Franz Ferdinand's injury.",
"These utterances were followed by a long death rattle.",
"Sophie was dead on arrival at the Governor's residence.",
"Franz Ferdinand died 10 minutes later."
] | [
2,
4
] |
Polish defence plan | Where are Poland's valuable resources? | Invasion of Poland | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"The Polish political determination to deploy forces directly at the German-Polish border, based on the Polish-British Common Defense Pact, shaped the country's defence plan, \"Plan West\".",
"Poland's most valuable natural resources, industry and population were located along the western border in Eastern Upper Silesia.",
"Polish policy centred on their protection especially since many politicians feared that if Poland were to retreat from the regions disputed by Germany, Britain and France would sign a separate peace treaty with Germany similar to the Munich Agreement of 1938.",
"The fact that none of Poland's allies had specifically guaranteed Polish borders or territorial integrity certainly did not help in easing Polish concerns.",
"For these reasons, Poland disregarded French advice to deploy the bulk of their forces behind the natural barriers such as the Vistula and San rivers, even though some Polish generals supported it as a better strategy.",
"The West Plan did permit the Polish armies to retreat inside the country, but it was supposed to be a slow retreat behind prepared positions and was intended to give the armed forces time to complete its mobilization and execute a general counteroffensive with the support of the Western Allies.",
"The Polish General Staff had not begun elaborating the \"West\" defence plan until 4 March 1939.",
"It was assumed that the Polish Army, fighting in the initial phase of the war alone, would be compelled to defend the western regions of the country.",
"The plan of operations took into account, first of all, the numerical and material superiority of the enemy and, consequently, assumed the defensive character of Polish operations.",
"The Polish intentions were: the defence of the western regions judged as indispensable for waging the war, the taking advantage of the propitious conditions for counterblows by reserve units, the avoidance of being smashed before the beginning of Allied operations in the West and the making of decisions depending of the existing situation.",
"The operational plan had not been elaborated in detail and concerned only the first stage of operations.",
"The British and French estimated that Poland should be able to defend itself for two to three months, while Poland estimated it could do so for at least six months.",
"Poland drafted its estimates based upon the expectation that the Western Allies honor their treaty obligations and quickly start an offensive of their own.",
"In addition, the French and British expected the war to develop into trench warfare much like World War I.",
"The Polish government was not notified of this strategy and based all of its defence plans on promises of quick relief by their Western allies.",
"Polish forces were stretched thinly along the Polish-German border and lacked compact defence lines and good defence positions along disadvantageous terrain.",
"This strategy also left supply lines poorly protected.",
"One-third of Poland's forces were massed in or near the Polish Corridor, making them vulnerable to a double envelopment from East Prussia and the west.",
"Another third were concentrated in the north-central part of the country, between the major cities of Łódź and Warsaw.",
"The forward positioning of Polish forces vastly increased the difficulty of carrying out strategic maneuvers, compounded by inadequate mobility, as Polish units often lacked the ability to retreat from their defensive positions as they were being overrun by more mobile German mechanized formations.",
"As the prospect of conflict increased, the British government pressed Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły to evacuate the most modern elements of the Polish Navy from the Baltic Sea.",
"In the event of war the Polish military leaders realized that the ships which remained in the Baltic were likely to be quickly sunk by the Germans.",
"Furthermore, the Danish straits were well within operating range of the German \"Kriegsmarine\" and \"Luftwaffe\", so there was little chance of an evacuation plan succeeding if implemented after hostilities began.",
"Four days after the signing of the Polish-British Common Defense Pact, three destroyers of the Polish Navy executed the Peking Plan and consequently evacuated to Great Britain.",
"Although the Polish military had prepared for conflict, the civilian population remained largely unprepared.",
"Polish pre-war propaganda emphasized that any German invasion would be easily repelled.",
"Consequently, Polish defeats during the German invasion came as a shock to the civilian population.",
"Lacking training for such a disaster, the civilian population panicked and retreated east, spreading chaos, lowering troop morale and making road transportation for Polish troops very difficult."
] | [
4
] |
Expansion and yield | How is popcorn categorized by variety? | Popcorn | true | 9FOOD
| [
16
] | [
"Popping results are sensitive to the rate at which the kernels are heated.",
"If heated too quickly, the steam in the outer layers of the kernel can reach high pressures and rupture the hull before the starch in the center of the kernel can fully gelatinize, leading to partially popped kernels with hard centers.",
"Heating too slowly leads to entirely unpopped kernels: the tip of the kernel, where it attached to the cob, is not entirely moisture-proof, and when heated slowly, the steam can leak out of the tip fast enough to keep the pressure from rising sufficiently to break the hull and cause the pop.",
"Producers and sellers of popcorn consider two major factors in evaluating the quality of popcorn: what percentage of the kernels will pop, and how much each popped kernel expands.",
"Expansion is an important factor to both the consumer and vendor.",
"For the consumer, larger pieces of popcorn tend to be more tender and are associated with higher quality.",
"For the grower, distributor, and vendor, expansion is closely correlated with profit: vendors such as theaters buy popcorn by weight and sell it by volume.",
"For both these reasons, higher-expansion popcorn fetches a higher profit per unit weight.",
"Popcorn will pop when freshly harvested, but not well: its high moisture content leads to poor expansion and chewy pieces of popcorn.",
"Kernels with a high moisture content are also susceptible to mold when stored.",
"For these reasons, popcorn growers and distributors dry the kernels until they reach the moisture level at which they expand the most.",
"This differs by variety and conditions, but is generally in the range of 14–15% moisture by weight.",
"If the kernels are over-dried, the expansion rate will suffer and the percentage of kernels that pop at all will decline.",
"When the popcorn has finished popping, sometimes unpopped kernels remain.",
"Known in the popcorn industry as \"old maids\", the kernels don't pop because they do not have enough moisture to create enough steam for an explosion.",
"Rehydrating prior to popping usually results in eliminating the unpopped kernels.",
"Popcorn varieties are broadly categorized by the shape of the kernels, the color of the kernels, or the shape of the popped corn.",
"While the kernels may come in a variety of colors, the popped corn is always off-yellow or white as it is only the hull (or pericarp) that is colored.",
"\"Rice\" type popcorns have a long kernel pointed at both ends; \"pearl\" type kernels are rounded at the top.",
"Commercial popcorn production has moved mostly to pearl types.",
"Historically, pearl popcorns were usually yellow and rice popcorns usually white.",
"Today both shapes are available in both colors, as well as others including black, red, and variegated.",
"Commercial production is dominated by white and yellow."
] | [
5
] |
Statistics and records | In rugby, what is the largest margin of winning? | Rugby union | true | 4SPORT
| [
13
] | [
"According to a 2011 report by the Centre for the International Business of Sport at Coventry University, there are now over four and a half million people playing rugby union or one of its variants organised by the IRB.",
"This is an increase of 19 percent since the previous report in 2007.",
"The report also claimed that since 2007 participation has grown by 33 percent in Africa, 22 percent in South America and 18 percent in Asia and North America.",
"In 2014 the IRB published a breakdown of the total number of players worldwide by national unions.",
"It recorded a total of 6.6 million players globally, of those, 2.36 million were registered members playing for a club affiliated to their country's union.",
"Rugby union's premier event, the Rugby World Cup, has continued to grow since its inception in 1987.",
"The first tournament, in which 16 teams competed for the title, was broadcast to 17 countries with an accumulated total of 230 million television viewers.",
"Ticket sales during the pool stages and finals of the same tournament was less than a million.",
"The 2007 World Cup was contested by 94 countries with ticket sales of 3,850,000 over the pool and final stage.",
"The accumulated television audience for the event, then broadcast to 200 countries, was 4.2 billion.",
"The most capped international player from the tier 1 nations is Irish and British Lions centre Brian O'Driscoll who has played in 141 internationals.",
"While the top scoring tier 1 international player is New Zealand's Dan Carter, who has amassed 1442 points during his career.",
"In April 2010 Lithuania broke the record of consecutive international wins previously held by New Zealand and South Africa, which was 17 consecutive wins against tier 1 nations, with their 18th win in tier 2 in a match against Serbia.",
"The highest scoring international match between two recognised unions was Hong Kong's 164–13 victory over Singapore on 27 October 1994 While the largest winning margin of 152 points is held by two countries, Japan (a 155–3 win over Chinese Taipei) and Argentina (152–0 over Paraguay) both in 2002."
] | [
0
] |
Natural features | How many animal and plant species does the park have? | Great Smoky Mountains National Park | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
13,
14
] | [
"Elevations in the park range from at the mouth of Abrams Creek to at the summit of Clingmans Dome.",
"Within the park a total of sixteen mountains reach higher than 6,000 feet (1829 m).",
"The wide range of elevations mimics the latitudinal changes found throughout the entire eastern United States.",
"Indeed, ascending the mountains is comparable to a trip from Tennessee to Canada.",
"Plants and animals common in the country's Northeast have found suitable ecological niches in the park's higher elevations, while southern species find homes in the balmier lower reaches.",
"During the most recent ice age, the northeast-to-southwest orientation of the Appalachian mountains allowed species to migrate southward along the slopes rather than finding the mountains to be a barrier.",
"As climate warms, many northern species are now retreating upward along the slopes and withdrawing northward, while southern species are expanding.",
"The park normally has very high humidity and precipitation, averaging from 55 inches (1,400 mm) per year in the valleys to 85 inches (2,200 mm) per year on the peaks.",
"This is more annual rainfall than anywhere in the United States outside the Pacific Northwest and parts of Alaska and Hawaii.",
"It is also generally cooler than the lower elevations below, and most of the park has a humid continental climate more comparable to locations much farther north, as opposed to the humid subtropical climate in the lowlands.",
"The park is almost 95 percent forested, and almost 36 percent of it, , is estimated by the Park Service to be old growth forest with many trees that predate European settlement of the area.",
"It is one of the largest blocks of deciduous, temperate, old growth forest in North America.",
"The variety of elevations, the abundant rainfall, and the presence of old growth forests give the park an unusual richness of biota.",
"About 10,000 species of plants and animals are known to live in the park, and estimates as high as an additional 90,000 undocumented species may also be present.",
"Park officials count more than 200 species of birds, 66 species of mammals, 50 species of fish, 39 species of reptiles, and 43 species of amphibians, including many lungless salamanders.",
"The park has a noteworthy black bear population, numbering about 1,500.",
"An experimental re-introduction of elk (wapiti) into the park began in 2001.",
"Over 100 species of trees grow in the park.",
"The lower region forests are dominated by deciduous leafy trees.",
"At higher altitudes, deciduous forests give way to coniferous trees like Fraser Fir.",
"In addition, the park has over 1,400 flowering plant species and over 4,000 species of non-flowering plants."
] | [
5
] |
Roads and transportation | Do people still walk the Inca Trail? | Machu Picchu | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"As part of their road system, the Incas built a road to the Machu Picchu region.",
"Today, thousands of tourists walk the Inca Trail to visit Machu Picchu each year.",
"They congregate at Cusco before starting on the two-, four- or five-day journey on foot from Kilometer 82 or Kilometer 104 (two-day trip) near the town of Ollantaytambo in the Urubamba valley, walking up through the Andes mountain range to the isolated city.",
"The people of Machu Picchu were connected to long-distance trade, as shown by non-local artifacts found at the site.",
"As an example, Bingham found unmodified obsidian nodules at the entrance gateway.",
"In the 1970s, Burger and Asaro determined that these obsidian samples were from the \"Titicaca\" or Chivay obsidian source, and that the samples from Machu Picchu showed long-distance transport of this obsidian type in pre-Hispanic Peru."
] | [] |
Walks | when was wire walking popular at Niagra Falls? | Niagara Falls | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Other daredevils have made crossing the gorge their goal, starting with the successful passage by Jean François \"Blondin\" Gravelet, who crossed Niagara Gorge in 1859.",
"Between 1859 and 1896 there was a wire-walking craze, and there were frequent feats over the river below the falls.",
"One inexperienced walker was able to slide down his safety rope.",
"Only one man fell to his death, at night and under mysterious circumstances, at the anchoring place for his wire.",
"These tightrope walkers drew huge crowds to witness their exploits.",
"Their wires ran across the gorge, near the current Rainbow Bridge, not over the waterfall itself.",
"Among the many was Ontario's William Hunt, who billed himself as \"The Great Farini\" and competed with Blondin in performing outrageous stunts over the gorge.",
"On three separate occasions Blondin carried his manager, Harry Colcord, on his back—on the final time being watched by the Prince of Wales.",
"In 1876 23-year-old Italian Maria Spelterini was the only woman ever to cross the Niagara Gorge on a tightrope, making four separate crossings over a period of 18 days.",
"On July 12 she crossed wearing peach baskets strapped to her feet, on July 19 blind-folded, on July 22 with her ankles and wrists manacled and finally on July 26.",
"Never performing again at Niagara, her personal life remains a mystery and the date and place of her death are unknown.",
"Tightrope crossings of the falls ended—by law—in 1896, when James Hardy crossed.",
"On June 15, 2012, high wire artist Nik Wallenda became the first person to walk across the falls in 116 years, after receiving special permission from both governments.",
"The full length of his tightrope was .",
"Wallenda crossed near the brink of the Horseshoe Falls, unlike previous walkers who had crossed farther downstream.",
"According to Wallenda, it was the longest unsupported tightrope walk in history.",
"He carried his passport on the trip and was required to present it upon arrival on the Canadian side of the falls."
] | [
2
] |
Peace treaty | What signatures are on the treaty of paris? | American Revolution | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"The peace treaty with Britain, known as the Treaty of Paris, gave the U.S. all land east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, though not including Florida (On September 3, 1783, Britain entered into a separate agreement with Spain under which Britain ceded Florida back to Spain.)",
"The British abandoned the Indian allies living in this region; they were not a party to this treaty and did not recognize it until they were defeated militarily by the United States.",
"Issues regarding boundaries and debts were not resolved until the Jay Treaty of 1795.",
"Since the blockade was lifted and the old imperial restrictions were gone, American merchants were free to trade with any nation anywhere in the world, and their businesses flourished."
] | [
0
] |
Descriptions of painting | When did Picasso make his best paintings? | Dora Maar au Chat | true | 3ART
| [
9
] | [
"",
"\"Dora Maar au Chat\" presents the artist's most mysterious and challenging mistress regally posed three-quarter length in a large wooden chair with a small black cat perched behind her in both an amusing and menacing attitude.",
"The faceted planes of her body and richly layered surface of brushstrokes impart a monumental and sculptural quality to this portrait.",
"The painting is also remarkable for its brilliance of colour and the complex and dense patterning of the model's dress.",
"The powerful figure is set in a dramatic, yet simple setting composed of a vertiginously inclined plane of wooden floorboards and shallow interior space that is arranged in a manner reminiscent of Picasso’s earliest manipulations of space in a cubist manner.",
"\"Dora Maar au Chat\" is one of Picasso’s most valued depictions of his lover and artistic companion.",
"Their partnership had been one of intellectual exchange and intense passion—Dora was an artist, spoke Picasso’s native Spanish, and shared his political concerns.",
"She even assisted with the execution of the monumental \"Guernica\" and produced the only photo-documentary of the work in progress.",
"She was an intellectual force – a characteristic that both stimulated and challenged Picasso and her influence on him resulted in some of his most powerful and daring portraits of his 75-year career.",
"Among the best of them are the oils completed during the late 1930s and early 1940s, when Picasso’s art resonated with the drama and emotional upheaval of the era and which Dora came to personify.",
"The luminous \"Dora Maar au Chat\" was painted in 1941, at the beginning of the Second World War in France .",
"Maar was one of the most influential figures in Picasso’s life during their relationship and she also became his primary model.",
"By the time he painted the present picture he had incorporated Dora Maar’s image into countless versions of this motif.",
"During the occupation of Paris by the Nazis, and as tension mounted in their relationship, the artist would express his frustration by furiously abstracting her image, often portraying her in tears.",
"While the present portrait might seem a departure from Picasso's more hostile depictions of this model, it may be one of his most brilliant and biting provocations of his \"Weeping Woman\".",
"Picasso once likened Maar’s allure and temperament to that of an “Afghan cat”, and the cat in this picture is laden with significance.",
"In the history of art, the pairing of cats and women was an allusion to feminine wiles and sexual aggression, as exemplified in Manet’s notorious \"Olympia\".",
"It is also interesting to consider that the artist has paid particular attention to the sharp, talon-like nails on the long fingers of his model.",
"In life Maar’s well-manicured hands were one of her most beautiful and distinctive features, and here they have taken on another, more violent characteristic.",
"In addition to being a rare, three-quarter length portrait of Dora Maar, the present work is also a generous and painterly composition with an extraordinary attention to detail.",
"The artist used an extraordinarily vibrant palette in his rendering of the angles of the chair and the patterning of Maar’s dress.",
"The most embellished and symbolic element of the sitter’s wardrobe in this picture is her hat, Maar’s most famous accessory and signifier of her involvement in the Surrealist movement.",
"Ceremoniously placed atop her head like a crown, it is festooned with colourful plumes and outlined with a band of vibrant red.",
"Larger than life, an impression enhanced by her vibrant body that cannot be confined by the boundaries of the chair, Maar looms in this picture like a pagan goddess seated on her throne."
] | [
2
] |
Nucleosides and nucleotides | How are nucleosides formed? | Biomolecule | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Nucleosides are molecules formed by attaching a nucleobase to a ribose or deoxyribose ring.",
"Examples of these include cytidine (C), uridine (U), adenosine (A), guanosine (G), thymidine (T) and inosine (I).",
"Nucleosides can be phosphorylated by specific kinases in the cell, producing nucleotides.",
"Both DNA and RNA are polymers, consisting of long, linear molecules assembled by polymerase enzymes from repeating structural units, or monomers, of mononucleotides.",
"DNA uses the deoxynucleotides C, G, A, and T, while RNA uses the ribomucleotides (which have an extra hydroxyl(OH) group on the pentose ring) C, G, A, and U.",
"Modified bases are fairly common (such as with methyl groups on the base ring), as found in ribosomal RNA or transfer RNAs or for discriminating the new from old strands of DNA after replication.",
"Each nucleotide is made of an acyclic nitrogenous base, a pentose and one to three phosphate groups.",
"They contain carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and phosphorus.",
"They serve as sources of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate), participate in cellular signaling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate), and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions (coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)."
] | [
5
] |
Arts and culture | Of all the Worcester Priority books, how many are still around today? | Dissolution of the Monasteries | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"Along with the destruction of the monasteries, some of them many hundreds of years old, the related destruction of the monastic libraries was perhaps the greatest cultural loss caused by the English Reformation.",
"Worcester Priory (now Worcester Cathedral) had 600 books at the time of the dissolution.",
"Only six of them are known to have survived intact to the present day.",
"At the abbey of the Augustinian Friars at York, a library of 646 volumes was destroyed, leaving only three known survivors.",
"Some books were destroyed for their precious bindings, others were sold off by the cartload.",
"The antiquarian John Leland was commissioned by the King to rescue items of particular interest (especially manuscript sources of Old English history), and other collections were made by private individuals; notably Matthew Parker.",
"Nevertheless much was lost, especially manuscript books of English church music, none of which had then been printed."
] | [
5
] |
Indoor netball | Do different forms of indoor netball exist? | Netball | false | 4SPORT
| [
3
] | [
"Indoor netball.",
"Indoor netball is a variation of netball, played exclusively indoors, in which the playing court is surrounded on each side and overhead by a net.",
"The net prevents the ball from leaving the court, permitting faster play by reducing playing stoppages.",
"Different forms of indoor netball exist.",
"In a seven-per-side version called \"action netball\", seven players per team play with rules similar to netball.",
"However, a game is split into 15-minute halves with a three-minute break in between.",
"This version is played in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and England.",
"A six-per-side version of the sport is also played in New Zealand.",
"Two Centres per team can play in the whole court except the shooting circles; the remaining attacking and defending players are each restricted to one half of the court, including the shooting circles.",
"The attacking and Centre players may shoot from outside the shooting circle for a two-point goal.",
"A five-per-side game is also common in indoor netball.",
"Players can move throughout the court, with the exception of the shooting circles, which are restricted to certain attacking or defending players."
] | [] |
Abstract | Which vegetable is used to make Arepas? | Arepa | true | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Arepa () is a flatbread made of ground maize dough or cooked flour prominent in the cuisine of Colombia and Venezuela.",
"It is eaten daily in those countries and can be served with various accompaniments such as cheese (cuajada), avocado, jelly or jam, or (especially in Venezuela) split and used to make sandwiches.",
"Various sizes, maize types, and added ingredients are used to vary its preparation.",
"It is similar in shape to the Mexican \"gordita\" and the Salvadoran \"pupusa\".",
"\"Arepas\" can also be found in Panama, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and the Canary Islands."
] | [] |
Military | There are three factions that make up The Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. What are they? | Czech Republic | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The Czech armed forces consist of the Army, Air Force and of specialized support units.",
"The president of the Czech Republic is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.",
"In 2004 the army transformed itself into a fully professional organization and compulsory military service was abolished.",
"The country has been a member of NATO since 12 March 1999.",
"Defense spending is around 1.8% of the GDP (2006).",
"Currently, as a member of NATO, the Czech military are participating in ISAF and KFOR operations and have soldiers in Afghanistan and Kosovo.",
"Main equipment includes: multi-role fighters JAS-39 Gripen, combat aircraft Aero L-159 Alca, attack helicopters Mi-24, armored vehicles Pandur II, OT-64, OT-90, BVP-2 and Czech modernized tanks T-72 (T-72M4CZ)."
] | [
0
] |
Memphis | Did he create a reference to the bomb threat? | Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
7
] | [
"King travelled to Memphis, Tennessee in support of striking African American sanitation workers.",
"The workers had staged a walkout on February 11, 1968, to protest unequal wages and working conditions imposed by then-mayor Henry Loeb.",
"At the time, Memphis paid black workers significantly lower wages than whites.",
"In addition, unlike white people, black people received no pay if they stayed home during bad weather; consequently, most black people were compelled to work even in driving rain and snow storms.",
"On April 3, King returned to Memphis to address a gathering at the Mason Temple (World Headquarters of the Church of God in Christ).",
"His airline flight to Memphis was delayed by a bomb threat against his plane.",
"With a thunderstorm raging outside, King delivered the last speech of his life, now known as the \"I've Been to the Mountaintop\" address.",
"As he neared the close, he made reference to the bomb threat:"
] | [] |
Hull trim | What would cause a boat's bow to dig into waves? | Sailing | true | 4SPORT
| [
6
] | [
"Hull trim is the adjustment of a boat's loading so as to change its fore-and-aft attitude in the water.",
"In small boats, it is done by positioning the crew.",
"In larger boats the weight of a person has less effect on the hull trim, but it can be adjusted by shifting gear, fuel, water, or supplies.",
"Different hull trim efforts are required for different kinds of boats and different conditions.",
"Here are just a few examples: In a lightweight racing dinghy like a Thistle, the hull should be kept level, on its designed water line for best performance in all conditions.",
"In many small boats, weight too far aft can cause drag by submerging the transom, especially in light to moderate winds.",
"Weight too far forward can cause the bow to dig into the waves.",
"In heavy winds, a boat with its bow too low may capsize by pitching forward over its bow (pitch-pole) or dive under the waves (submarine).",
"On a run in heavy winds, the forces on the sails tend to drive a boat's bow down, so the crew weight is moved far aft."
] | [
0
] |
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