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Bacon mania | What was the rate of sales increase for bacon in 2013? | Bacon | true | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
" mania.",
"The United States and Canada have seen an increase in the popularity of bacon and bacon related recipes, dubbed \"bacon mania\".",
"The sale of bacon in the U.S. has increased significantly since 2011.",
"Sales climbed 9.5% in 2013, making it an all-time high of nearly $4 billion in U.S.",
"In a survey conducted by Smithfield, 65% of Americans would support bacon as their \"national food.\"",
"Dishes such as bacon explosion, chicken fried bacon, and chocolate-covered bacon have been popularised over the internet, as has using candied bacon.",
"Recipes spread quickly through both countries' national media, culinary blogs, and YouTube.",
"Restaurants have organized and are organizing bacon and beer tasting nights, \"The New York Times\" reported on bacon infused with Irish whiskey used for Saint Patrick's Day cocktails, and celebrity chef Bobby Flay has endorsed a \"Bacon of the Month\" club online, in print, and on national television.",
"Commentators explain this surging interest in bacon by reference to what they deem American cultural characteristics.",
"Sarah Hepola, in a 2008 article in Salon.com, suggests a number of reasons, one of them being that eating bacon in the modern, health-conscious world is an act of rebellion: \"Loving bacon is like shoving a middle finger in the face of all that is healthy and holy while an unfiltered cigarette smoulders between your lips.\"",
"She also suggests bacon is sexy (with a reference to Sarah Katherine Lewis' book \"Sex and Bacon\"), kitsch, and funny.",
"Hepola concludes by saying that \"Bacon is American\".",
"Alison Cook, writing in the \"Houston Chronicle\", argues the case of bacon's American citizenship by referring to historical and geographical uses of bacon.",
"Early American literature echoes the sentiment—in Ebenezer Cooke's 1708 poem \"The Sot-Weed Factor\", a satire of life in early colonial America, the narrator already complains that practically all the food in America was bacon-infused."
] | [
0
] |
Alternate history | In the episode "Days of Infamy", what nation carries out an attack in the morning? | Attack on Pearl Harbor | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
4
] | [
"\"Days of Infamy\" is a novel by Harry Turtledove in which the Japanese attack on Hawaii is not limited to a strike on Pearl Harbor, but is instead a full-scale invasion and eventual occupation after U.S. forces are driven off the islands (something one of the key planners of the attack, Commander Minoru Genda, wanted but the senior officers realized was impossible).",
"The many viewpoint characters (a Turtledove trademark) are drawn from Hawaiian civilians (both white and Japanese) as well as soldiers and sailors from both Japan and the USA.",
"Turtledove has to date written one sequel, \"The End of the Beginning\".",
" The airstrike and Hawaii-invasion premise of \"Days of Infamy\" was earlier used in the first episode of the anime OVA series \"Konpeki no Kantai\".",
"In the episode, Japan carries out the attack in the early hours of the morning, having perfected night carrier operations.",
"The raid begins with a flare drop by pathfinders.",
"The entire base (including the repair facilities) and a number of supply ships in the harbor are destroyed by daybreak.",
"As for the main body of the Pacific Fleet, the Combined Fleet regroups and annihilates them while they return to Pearl Harbor.",
"The episode, which is divided into three stages in the series' game version, ends with Japanese troops landing at all islands in Hawaii."
] | [
0
] |
Commission | Who were the artists that were originally desired to paint the floor wall of Rockerfeller Center? | Man at the Crossroads | false | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"The Rockefellers wanted to have a mural put on the ground-floor wall of Rockefeller Center.",
"Nelson Rockefeller wanted Henri Matisse or Pablo Picasso to do it because he favored their modern style, but neither was available.",
"Diego Rivera was one of Nelson Rockefeller's mother's favorite artists and therefore was commissioned to create the huge mural.",
"He was given a theme: \"Man at the Crossroads Looking with Hope and High Vision to the Choosing of a New and Better Future.\"",
"Rockefeller wanted the painting to make people pause and think.",
"Rivera was to be paid $21,000 for the work.",
"He was officially commissioned by Todd-Robertson-Todd Engineering, the development agents for the building.",
"The full commission envisaged three murals.",
"\"Man at the Crossroads\" would be in the center.",
"It would be flanked by \"The Frontier of Ethical Evolution\" and \"The Frontier of Material Development\".",
"The central composition was intended to contrast Capitalism and Socialism.",
"This basic compositional idea was approved by Rockefeller."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | Who was originally cast for the voice of Shrek? | Shrek | false | 6MOVIES
| [
6
] | [
"Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated fantasy-comedy film produced by PDI/DreamWorks, released by DreamWorks Pictures, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, featuring the voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow.",
"It is loosely based on William Steig's 1990 fairy tale picture book \"Shrek!",
"\", and somewhat serves as a parody film, targeting other films adapted from numerous children's fantasies (mainly animated Disney films).",
"The film made notable use of popular music; the soundtrack includes music by Smash Mouth, Eels, Joan Jett, The Proclaimers, Jason Wade, Baha Men, and John Cale (covering Leonard Cohen).",
"The rights to the books were originally bought by Steven Spielberg in 1991, before the founding of DreamWorks, when he thought about making a traditionally animated film based on the book.",
"However, John H. Williams convinced him to bring the film to DreamWorks in 1994, the time the studio was founded, and the film was put quickly into active development by Jeffrey Katzenberg after the rights were bought by the studio in 1995.",
"\"Shrek\" originally cast Chris Farley to do the voice for the title character, recording about 80%–90% of his dialog.",
"After Farley died in 1997 before he could finish, Mike Myers was brought in to work for the character, who after his first recording decided to record his voice in a Scottish accent.",
"The film was also originally planned to be motion-captured, but after poor results, the studio decided to get PDI to help \"Shrek\" get its final computer-animated look.",
"Earning $484.4 million at the worldwide box office, the film was a critical and commercial success.",
"\"Shrek\" also received promotion from food chains such as Baskin-Robbins (promoting the film's DVD release) and Burger King.",
"It was acclaimed as an animated film worthy of adult interest, with many adult-oriented jokes and themes but a simple enough plot and humour to appeal to children.",
"\"Shrek\" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.",
"The film was also nominated for six British Academy of Film and Television Arts awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Eddie Murphy for his voice-over performance as Donkey, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.",
"The film's main (and title) character was awarded his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2010.",
"\"Shrek\" established DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in the field of feature film animation, particularly in computer animation.",
"The film's success prompted DreamWorks to create three sequels, \"Shrek 2\", \"Shrek the Third\", and \"Shrek Forever After\", two holiday specials, \"Shrek the Halls\" and \"Scared Shrekless\", and a spin-off film, \"Puss in Boots\".",
"A fifth film, planned as the last of the series, was cancelled in 2009 with the announcement that the fourth film would conclude the series.",
"The film's success also inspired other merchandise, such as video games, a stage musical and even a comic book by Dark Horse Comics."
] | [
3
] |
Before the monument (8000 BC forward) | When as the Stonehenge Cursus built? | Stonehenge | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
5
] | [
"Before the monument (8000 BC forward).",
"Archaeologists have found four, or possibly five, large Mesolithic postholes (one may have been a natural tree throw), which date to around 8000 BC, beneath the nearby modern tourist car-park.",
"These held pine posts around in diameter which were erected and eventually rotted \"in situ\".",
"Three of the posts (and possibly four) were in an east-west alignment which may have had ritual significance; no parallels are known from Britain at the time but similar sites have been found in Scandinavia.",
"Salisbury Plain was then still wooded but 4,000 years later, during the earlier Neolithic, people built a causewayed enclosure at Robin Hood's Ball and long barrow tombs in the surrounding landscape.",
"In approximately 3500 BC, a Stonehenge Cursus was built north of the site as the first farmers began to clear the trees and develop the area."
] | [
2
] |
Literature | What novel features the Niagara Falls area as a base camp? | Niagara Falls | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"The Niagara Falls area features as the base camp for a German aerial invasion of the United States in the H. G. Wells novel \"The War in the Air\".",
"Many poets have been inspired to write about the falls.",
"Among them is the Cuban poet Jose Maria Heredia who wrote the poem \"\"Niagara\"\".",
"There are commemorative plaques on both sides of the falls recognising the poem."
] | [
0
] |
Flick | A shot is called a flick when what happens? | Table tennis | true | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"When a player tries to attack a ball that has not bounced beyond the edge of the table, the player does not have the room to wind up in a \"backswing\".",
"The ball \"may still be attacked\", however, and the resulting shot is called a flick because the backswing is compressed into a quick wrist action.",
"A flick is not a single stroke and can resemble either a drive or a loop in its characteristics.",
"What identifies the stroke is the backswing is compressed into a short wrist flick."
] | [
2,
0
] |
Frozen fries | In what year did McDonald replace fresh-cut potatoes with frozen fries? | French fries | false | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"Spreading popularity.",
"Frozen fries.",
"The J. R. Simplot Company is credited with successfully commercializing French fries in frozen form during the 1940s.",
"Subsequently, in 1967, Ray Kroc of McDonald's contracted the Simplot company to supply them with frozen fries, replacing fresh-cut potatoes.",
"In 2004, 29% of the United States' potato crop were used to make frozen fries – 90% consumed by the food services sector and 10% by retail.",
"It is estimated that 80% of households in the UK buy frozen fries each year.",
"Canada's McCain Foods is the world's leading producer of frozen fries."
] | [
0
] |
Sources of gravitational waves | What are gravitational waves? | Gravitational wave | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"In general terms, gravitational waves are radiated by objects whose motion involves acceleration, provided that the motion is not perfectly spherically symmetric (like an expanding or contracting sphere) or cylindrically symmetric (like a spinning disk or sphere).",
"A simple example of this principle is provided by the spinning dumbbell.",
"If the dumbbell spins like wheels on an axle, it will not radiate gravitational waves; if it tumbles end over end like two planets orbiting each other, it will radiate gravitational waves.",
"The heavier the dumbbell, and the faster it tumbles, the greater is the gravitational radiation it will give off.",
"If we imagine an extreme case in which the two weights of the dumbbell are massive stars like neutron stars or black holes, orbiting each other quickly, then significant amounts of gravitational radiation would be given off.",
"Some more detailed examples:",
"Two objects orbiting each other in a quasi-Keplerian planar orbit (basically, as a planet would orbit the Sun) will radiate.",
" A spinning non-axisymmetric planetoid — say with a large bump or dimple on the equator — will radiate.",
" A supernova will radiate except in the unlikely event that the explosion is perfectly symmetric.",
" An isolated non-spinning solid object moving at a constant velocity will not radiate.",
"This can be regarded as a consequence of the principle of conservation of linear momentum.",
" A spinning disk will not radiate.",
"This can be regarded as a consequence of the principle of conservation of angular momentum.",
"However, it \"will\" show gravitomagnetic effects.",
" A spherically pulsating spherical star (non-zero monopole moment or mass, but zero quadrupole moment) will not radiate, in agreement with Birkhoff's theorem.",
"More technically, the third time derivative of the quadrupole moment (or the \"l\"-th time derivative of the \"l\"-th multipole moment) of an isolated system's stress–energy tensor must be nonzero in order for it to emit gravitational radiation.",
"This is analogous to the changing dipole moment of charge or current necessary for electromagnetic radiation."
] | [
0
] |
Creation | What did Grant Wool make a sketch of after getting permission from the Jones Family? | American Gothic | false | 3ART
| [
6,
7
] | [
"In August 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, was driven around Eldon, Iowa by a young painter from Eldon, John Sharp, looking for inspiration.",
"Wood noticed the Dibble House, a small white house built in the Carpenter Gothic architectural style.",
"Sharp's brother suggested in 1973 that it was on this drive that Wood first sketched the house on the back of an envelope.",
"Wood's earliest biographer, Darrell Garwood, noted that Wood \"thought it a form of borrowed pretentiousness, a structural absurdity, to put a Gothic-style window in such a flimsy frame house.\"",
"At the time, Wood classified it as one of the \"cardboardy frame houses on Iowa farms\" and considered it \"very paintable\".",
"After obtaining permission from the Jones family, the house's owners, Wood made a sketch the next day in oil on paperboard from the house's front yard.",
"This sketch displayed a steeper roof and a longer window with a more pronounced ogive than on the actual house, features which eventually adorned the final work.",
"Wood decided to paint the house along with \"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\"",
"He recruited his sister Nan (1899–1990) to model the woman, dressing her in a colonial print apron mimicking 19th-century Americana.",
"The man is modeled on Wood's dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby (1867–1950) from Cedar Rapids, Iowa.",
"The three-pronged hay fork is echoed in the stitching of the man's overalls, the Gothic window of the house, and the structure of the man's face.",
"However, Wood did not add figures to his sketch until he returned to his studio in Cedar Rapids.",
"He would not return to Eldon again before his death in 1942, although he did request a photograph of the home to complete his painting."
] | [
0
] |
Track listings | How long is the Ferry Corsten Remix? | As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
4
] | [
"Digital download",
"\"As Long As You Love Me\" (feat.",
"Big Sean) – 3:49",
"Digital Remixes EP",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Ferry Corsten Remix) - 5:42",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Ferry Corsten Club Dub) - 4:58",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Ferry Corsten Radio Mix) - 3:31",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Audiobot Remix) - 5:04",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Audiobot Instrumental) - 5:04",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Audiobot Radio Mix) - 3:55",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Paulo & Jackinsky Club Mix) - 7:41",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Paulo & Jackinsky Dub) - 7:26",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Paulo & Jackinsky Radio Mix) - 3:55",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (feat.",
"Big Sean) (Audien Dubstep Radio Mix) - 4:03",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (feat.",
"Big Sean) (Audien Dubstep Mix) - 4:37",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (feat.",
"Big Sean) (Audien Luvstep Mix) - 4:37"
] | [
5
] |
Indoor netball | How is a game of Indoor netball portioned into time periods? | Netball | true | 4SPORT
| [
5
] | [
"Indoor netball.",
"Indoor netball is a variation of netball, played exclusively indoors, in which the playing court is surrounded on each side and overhead by a net.",
"The net prevents the ball from leaving the court, permitting faster play by reducing playing stoppages.",
"Different forms of indoor netball exist.",
"In a seven-per-side version called \"action netball\", seven players per team play with rules similar to netball.",
"However, a game is split into 15-minute halves with a three-minute break in between.",
"This version is played in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and England.",
"A six-per-side version of the sport is also played in New Zealand.",
"Two Centres per team can play in the whole court except the shooting circles; the remaining attacking and defending players are each restricted to one half of the court, including the shooting circles.",
"The attacking and Centre players may shoot from outside the shooting circle for a two-point goal.",
"A five-per-side game is also common in indoor netball.",
"Players can move throughout the court, with the exception of the shooting circles, which are restricted to certain attacking or defending players."
] | [
5
] |
Recordings | The first measurable hit was performned by who in 1951? | Santa Claus Is Coming to Town | false | 0MUSIC
| [
4
] | [
"The earliest known recorded version of the song was by banjoist Harry Reser and his band on October 24, 1934 (Decca 264A) featuring Tom Stacks on vocal, the version shown in the Variety charts of December 1934.",
"The song was a sheet music hit, reaching #1.",
"The song was also recorded on September 26, 1935, by Tommy Dorsey & His Orchestra.",
"The song is a traditional standard at Christmas time, and has been covered by numerous recording artists.",
"The 1951 version by Perry Como was the first measurable hit, and in 1963 the Four Seasons version charted at #23 on Billboard.",
"In 1970 Rankin-Bass produced an hour-long animated television special based on the song, with narrator Fred Astaire telling the original story of Santa Claus.",
"Many contemporary artists have recorded and performed various versions of the song, including a rock and roll version by Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band.",
"The song was recorded in a 1975 live version and eventually released in 1985 as a B-side to \"My Hometown\", a single from the \"Born in the U.S.A.\" album.",
"Luis Miguel recorded the song in Spanish as \"Santa Claus Llegó a La Ciudad\" for his Christmas album \"Navidades\" (2006).",
"His version of the song peaked at #26 on the \"Billboard\" Latin Pop Songs chart.",
"Other well-known versions of this song include Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters (1943), Frank Sinatra (1948), the Ray Conniff Singers (1959), Alvin and the Chipmunks (1961), The Crystals (1963), The Beach Boys (1964), The Jackson 5 (1970), The Carpenters (1978), The Pointer Sisters (1987), Neil Diamond (1992), Mariah Carey (1994), George Strait (1996), Faith Hill (2008), Miley Cyrus (2008), Andrea Bocelli (2009), Love Händel from \"Phineas and Ferb\" (2010), Justin Bieber (2011), Michael Bublé (2011), Mark Salling and Cory Monteith on \"Glee\" (2011), Colbie Caillat (2012), Rod Stewart (2012) and Dannii Minogue (2013)."
] | [
3
] |
Third use: college classroom | What did Caveny stay as? | Navy Pier | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"With the war over, Navy Pier went to the University of Illinois, which used the facility beginning in 1946 for a two-year undergraduate program primarily serving returning veterans.",
"From the former Navy staff, Caveny stayed as the Undergraduate Division Dean, and Wolleson as the Dean of Students.",
"During its University of Illinois days, Navy Pier was also the site of a string of public events.",
"The International Exhibitions of the early 1960s drew attractions from around the world, including circus and folkloric dance acts, arts and crafts, and international cuisine.",
"In 1965, the University moved to the Chicago Circle campus, and the Pier again fell into disuse."
] | [
0
] |
Aftermath | When did the Germans mount a large-scale offensive against the Soviet Union called Case Blue? | Operation Barbarossa | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"With the failure of the Battle of Moscow, all German plans of a quick defeat of the Soviet Union had to be revised.",
"The Soviet counteroffensives in the winter of 1941 caused heavy casualties on both sides, but ultimately eliminated the German threat to Moscow.",
"Nevertheless, despite this setback, the Soviet Union had suffered heavily from the loss of large parts of its army, allowing the Germans to mount another large-scale offensive in the summer of 1942, called Case Blue, now directed towards the oil fields of Baku.",
"This offensive failed just as \"Barbarossa\" had: the Germans again conquered vast amounts of no-mans-land, but they had again failed to achieve their ultimate goals when they were defeated at Stalingrad.",
"By then, the Soviet war economy was fully operational, so the Soviet Union was able to simply outproduce the Germans, who were not prepared for a long war of attrition.",
"As a result, the Germans' last all-out offensive in 1943 at the battle of Kursk failed.",
"After three years of constant warfare, the Germans were exhausted; thus the Soviets were finally able to defeat the Germans decisively in Operation \"Bagration\" during the summer of 1944.",
"This led to a chain of Soviet victories which pushed the Germans back to Berlin in just one year, leading to the surrender of Germany on 8 May 1945."
] | [
2
] |
Kuiper belt | Are there dwarf plants in the Kuiper belt? | Solar System | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"The Kuiper belt is a great ring of debris similar to the asteroid belt, but consisting mainly of objects composed primarily of ice.",
"It extends between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun.",
"Though it is estimated to contain anything from dozens to thousands of dwarf planets, it is composed mainly of small Solar System bodies.",
"Many of the larger Kuiper belt objects, such as Quaoar, Varuna, and Orcus, may prove to be dwarf planets with further data.",
"There are estimated to be over 100,000 Kuiper belt objects with a diameter greater than 50 km, but the total mass of the Kuiper belt is thought to be only a tenth or even a hundredth the mass of Earth.",
"Many Kuiper belt objects have multiple satellites, and most have orbits that take them outside the plane of the ecliptic.",
"The Kuiper belt can be roughly divided into the \"classical\" belt and the resonances.",
"Resonances are orbits linked to that of Neptune (e.g.",
"twice for every three Neptune orbits, or once for every two).",
"The first resonance begins within the orbit of Neptune itself.",
"The classical belt consists of objects having no resonance with Neptune, and extends from roughly 39.4 AU to 47.7 AU.",
"Members of the classical Kuiper belt are classified as cubewanos, after the first of their kind to be discovered, , and are still in near primordial, low-eccentricity orbits."
] | [] |
Cake flour | How can cake flour be sustituted in a given recipe? | Cake | false | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
" flour.",
"Special cake flour with a high starch-to-gluten ratio is made from fine-textured, soft, low-protein wheat.",
"It is strongly bleached, and compared to all-purpose flour, cake flour tends to result in cakes with a lighter, less dense texture.",
"Therefore, it is frequently specified or preferred in cakes meant to be soft, light, and or bright white, such as angel food cake.",
"However, if cake flour is called for, a substitute can be made by replacing a small percentage of all-purpose flour with cornstarch or removing two tablespoons from each cup of all-purpose flour.",
"Some recipes explicitly specify or permit all-purpose flour, notably where a firmer or denser cake texture is desired."
] | [
5
] |
Early walls | When was China unified by Qin Shi Huang? | Great Wall of China | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
4
] | [
"Early walls.",
"The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring and Autumn period between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.",
"During this time and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan and Zhongshan all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders.",
"Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.",
"Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin Dynasty.",
"Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the former state borders.",
"To position the empire against the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier.",
"Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources.",
"Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains.",
"There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty walls.",
"Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today.",
"The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by some authors that hundreds of thousands,if not up to a million, workers died building the Qin wall.",
"Later, the Han, Sui, and the Northern dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders.",
"The Tang and Song Dynasties did not build any walls in the region substantially.",
"The Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, who ruled Northern China throughout most of the 10th–13th centuries, constructed defensive walls in the 12th century, but those were located much to the north of the Great Wall as we know it, within today's Inner and Outer Mongolia."
] | [
2
] |
Live performances and usage in media | Rescue Me used what song during the final season to promote the show? | Set Fire to the Rain | true | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
"Adele performed the song live for the first time on 29 April on \"The Graham Norton Show\".",
"She also performed the track on 3 May at Jools Holland along with the selections \"Rolling in the Deep\", \"Don't You Remember\" and \"Take It All\".",
"Adele also added the song to the set list of her second worldwide tour.",
"FX used \"Set Fire to the Rain\" to promote the final season of \"Rescue Me\" and the show's series finale.",
"The song was also featured in promotional ads for the TV series \"Ringer\" and \"Revenge,\" which brought it airplay in the United States without her label having to release it to radio stations.",
"It was also used as an \"insert theme\" on the 2012 Fuji TV series \"Iki mo dekinai natsu.\""
] | [
0
] |
Equipment | The golf club is used for what? | Golf | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball.",
"Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance (or \"grip\") on the top end and a club head on the bottom.",
"Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degreed loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.",
"Typically, the actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball.",
"Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types.",
"Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively \"open\" lies, such as the tee box and fairway.",
"Of particular importance is the \"driver\" or \"1-wood\", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to or more in the hands of a professional golfer.",
"Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials.",
"Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face.",
"Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy.",
"Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps.",
"The third class is the putter, which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.",
"Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe.",
"A fourth class, called hybrids, evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature.",
"A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round.",
"The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules.",
"(Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called \"conforming\".)",
"Violation of these rules can result in disqualification.",
"The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot.",
"Golf balls are spherical, usually white (although other colors are allowed), and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays \"boundary layer\" separation and reduces the drag-inducing \"wake\" behind the ball,thereby allowing the ball to fly farther.",
"A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay his or her first shot from the tee.",
"Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots.",
"A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment.",
"Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves.",
"Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play.",
"Golf bags have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, and sometimes have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest."
] | [
0
] |
Hibakusha | Where can I find names of the hibakusha? | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"The survivors of the bombings are called , a Japanese word that literally translates to \"explosion-affected people.\"",
", 201,779 \"hibakusha\" were recognized by the Japanese government, most living in Japan.",
"The government of Japan recognizes about 1% of these as having illnesses caused by radiation.",
"The memorials in Hiroshima and Nagasaki contain lists of the names of the \"hibakusha\" who are known to have died since the bombings.",
"Updated annually on the anniversaries of the bombings, the memorials record the names of almost 450,000 deceased \"hibakusha\"; 286,818 in Hiroshima and 162,083 in Nagasaki.",
"\"Hibakusha\" and their children were (and still are) victims of severe discrimination in Japan due to public ignorance about the consequences of radiation sickness, with much of the public believing it to be hereditary or even contagious.",
"This is despite the fact that no statistically demonstrable increase of birth defects or congenital malformations was found among the later conceived children born to survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.",
"A study of the long-term psychological effects of the bombings on the survivors found that even 17–20 years after the bombings had occurred survivors showed a higher prevalence of anxiety and somatization symptoms."
] | [
4
] |
Treatment | Michelangelo's Jesse Tree showcases what emotions? | Sistine Chapel ceiling | true | 3ART
| [
3
] | [
"Michelangelo's depiction of the Genealogy of Jesus departs from an artistic tradition for this topic that was common in medieval times, especially in stained-glass windows.",
"This so-called Jesse Tree shows Jesse lying prone and a tree growing from his side with the ancestors on each branch, in a visual treatment of a biblical verse.",
"The figures in the lunettes appear to be families, but in every case they are families that are divided.",
"The figures in them are physically divided by the name tablet but they are also divided by a range of human emotions that turn them outward or in on themselves and sometimes towards their partner with jealousy, suspicion, rage or simply boredom.",
"In them Michelangelo has portrayed the anger and unhappiness of the human condition, painting \"the daily round of merely domestic life as if it were a curse\".",
"In their constraining niches, the ancestors \"sit, squat and wait\".",
"Of the fourteen lunettes, the two that were probably painted first, the families of Eleazar and Mathan and of Jacob and Joseph are the most detailed.",
"They become progressively broader towards the altar end, one of the last being painted in only two days.",
"The Eleazar and Mathan picture contains two figures with a wealth of costume detail that is not present in any other lunette.",
"Prior to restoration, of all the paintings in the Sistine Chapel, the lunettes and spandrels were the dirtiest.",
"Added to this, there has always been a problem of poor daytime visibility of the panels nearest the windows because of \"halination\".",
"Consequently, they were the least well known of all Michelangelo's publicly accessible works.",
"The recent restoration has made these masterly studies of human nature and inventive depiction of the human form known once more.",
"Section References"
] | [
0
] |
Credits and personnel | What people played the violin on "It Will Rain"? | It Will Rain | true | 0MUSIC
| [
13
] | [
" Recording",
"Engineered at: Levcon Studios in Los Angeles, California; mixed at Larrabee Sound Studios in North Hollywood, California.",
"Personnel",
"Songwriting – Ari Levine, Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence ",
"Production – The Smeezingtons",
"Engineer – Ari Levine",
"Arrangement by (string arrangement)– Phredley Brown",
"Mixing – Manny Marroquin ",
" Mixed By (assisted by)– Chris Galland, Erik Madrid",
"Mastering – David Kutch ",
"Bass– Oscar Hidalgo",
"Conductor– Suzie Katayama",
"Viola– Andrew Duckles",
"Violin– Charlie Bisharat, Josefina Vergara"
] | [
0
] |
Medieval period (4th century–1453) | What was the last remnant of Byzantine Empire to hold out against Ottomans? | Greece | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
14
] | [
"Medieval period (4th century–1453).",
"The Roman Empire in the east, following the fall of the Empire in the west in the 5th century, is conventionally known as the Byzantine Empire (but was simply called \"Roman Empire\" in its own time) and lasted until 1453.",
"With its capital in Constantinople, its language and literary culture was Greek and its religion was predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christian.",
"From the 4th century, the Empire's Balkan territories, including Greece, suffered from the dislocation of the \"Barbarian Invasions\".",
"The raids and devastation of the Goths and Huns in the 4th and 5th centuries and the Slavic invasion of Greece in the 7th century resulted in a dramatic collapse in imperial authority in the Greek peninsula.",
"Following the Slavic invasion, the imperial government retained control of only the islands and coastal areas, particularly cities such as Athens, Corinth and Thessalonica, while some mountainous areas in the interior held out on their own and continued to recognize imperial authority.",
"Outside of these areas, a limited amount of Slavic settlement is generally thought to have occurred, although on a much smaller scale than previously thought.",
"The Byzantine recovery of lost provinces began toward the end of the 8th century and most of the Greek peninsula came under imperial control again, in stages, during the 9th century.",
"This process was facilitated by a large influx of Greeks from Sicily and Asia Minor to the Greek peninsula, while at the same time many Slavs were captured and re-settled in Asia Minor and those that remained were assimilated.",
"During the 11th and 12th centuries the return of stability resulted in the Greek peninsula benefiting from strong economic growth – much stronger than that of the Anatolian territories of the Empire.",
"Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the \"Latins\" in 1204 most of Greece quickly came under Frankish rule (initiating the period known as the \"Frankokratia\") or Venetian rule in the case of some of the islands.",
"The re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople in 1261 was accompanied by the recovery of much of the Greek peninsula, although the Frankish Principality of Achaea in the Peloponnese remained an important regional power into the 14th century, while the islands remained largely under Genoese and Venetian control.",
"In the 14th century much of the Greek peninsula was lost by the Empire as first the Serbs and then the Ottomans seized imperial territory.",
"By the beginning of the 15th century, the Ottoman advance meant that Byzantine territory in Greece was limited mainly to the Despotate of the Morea in the Peloponnese.",
"After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Morea was the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to hold out against the Ottomans.",
"However, this, too, fell to the Ottomans in 1460, completing the Ottoman conquest of mainland Greece.",
"With the Turkish conquest, many Byzantine Greek scholars, who up until then were largely responsible for preserving Classical Greek knowledge, fled to the West, taking with them a large body of literature and thereby significantly contributing to the Renaissance."
] | [
0
] |
Drive hunt captures | Does SeaWorld capture dolphins from the wild presently? | SeaWorld | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
4
] | [
"In response to criticism leveled at SeaWorld and other marine parks by the award-winning documentary film \"The Cove\" which accuses them of obtaining dolphins obtained in drive hunts, SeaWorld spokesperson Fred Jacobs stated that, \"We think we're being unfairly criticized for something we're opposed to.\"",
"He adds that, \"SeaWorld opposes the dolphin hunts documented in \"The Cove\".",
"We do not purchase any animals from these hunts.",
"More than 80 percent of the marine mammals in our care were born in our parks.",
"We haven't collected a dolphin from the wild in decades.\"",
"Since 1993 there have been no permits issued to facilities in the United States to import dolphins acquired through drive hunt methods.",
"Marilee Menard, the executive director of the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums, has also stated that she believes that \"The Cove\" filmmakers are \"misrepresenting that the majority of zoos and aquariums with dolphins around the world are taking these animals.\""
] | [] |
Entropy and thermodynamics | What was Bekenstein's proposal concerning black holes? | Black hole | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
"Open questions.",
"Entropy and thermodynamics.",
"In 1971, Hawking showed under general conditions that the total area of the event horizons of any collection of classical black holes can never decrease, even if they collide and merge.",
"This result, now known as the second law of black hole mechanics, is remarkably similar to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the total entropy of a system can never decrease.",
"As with classical objects at absolute zero temperature, it was assumed that black holes had zero entropy.",
"If this were the case, the second law of thermodynamics would be violated by entropy-laden matter entering a black hole, resulting in a decrease of the total entropy of the universe.",
"Therefore, Bekenstein proposed that a black hole should have an entropy, and that it should be proportional to its horizon area.",
"The link with the laws of thermodynamics was further strengthened by Hawking's discovery that quantum field theory predicts that a black hole radiates blackbody radiation at a constant temperature.",
"This seemingly causes a violation of the second law of black hole mechanics, since the radiation will carry away energy from the black hole causing it to shrink.",
"The radiation, however also carries away entropy, and it can be proven under general assumptions that the sum of the entropy of the matter surrounding a black hole and one quarter of the area of the horizon as measured in Planck units is in fact always increasing.",
"This allows the formulation of the first law of black hole mechanics as an analogue of the first law of thermodynamics, with the mass acting as energy, the surface gravity as temperature and the area as entropy.",
"One puzzling feature is that the entropy of a black hole scales with its area rather than with its volume, since entropy is normally an extensive quantity that scales linearly with the volume of the system.",
"This odd property led Gerard 't Hooft and Leonard Susskind to propose the holographic principle, which suggests that anything that happens in a volume of spacetime can be described by data on the boundary of that volume.",
"Although general relativity can be used to perform a semi-classical calculation of black hole entropy, this situation is theoretically unsatisfying.",
"In statistical mechanics, entropy is understood as counting the number of microscopic configurations of a system that have the same macroscopic qualities (such as mass, charge, pressure, etc.).",
"Without a satisfactory theory of quantum gravity, one cannot perform such a computation for black holes.",
"Some progress has been made in various approaches to quantum gravity.",
"In 1995, Andrew Strominger and Cumrun Vafa showed that counting the microstates of a specific supersymmetric black hole in string theory reproduced the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy.",
"Since then, similar results have been reported for different black holes both in string theory and in other approaches to quantum gravity like loop quantum gravity."
] | [
0
] |
Heeling | How can you stop heeling? | Sailing | true | 4SPORT
| [
6
] | [
"When a ship or boat leans over to one side, from the action of waves or from the centrifugal force of a turn or under wind pressure or from amount of exposed topsides, it is said to 'heel'.",
"A sailing boat that is over-canvassed and therefore heeling, may sail less efficiently depending on fundamental or opportunistic factors such as temporary nature of the feature (e.g.",
"wind gust), use (e.g.",
"racing), crew ability, point of sail, hull size & design.",
"When a vessel is subject to a heeling force (such as wind pressure), vessel buoyancy & beam of the hull will counter-act the heeling force.",
"A weighted keel provides additional means to right the boat.",
"In some high-performance racing yachts, water ballast or the angle of a canting keel can be changed to provide additional righting force to counteract heeling.",
"The crew may move their personal weight to the high (upwind) side of the boat, this is called \"hiking\", which also changes the centre of gravity & produces a righting lever to reduce the degree of heeling.",
"Incidental benefits include faster vessel speed caused by more efficient action of the hull & sails.",
"Other options to reduce heeling include reducing exposed sail area & efficiency of the sail setting & a variant of hiking called \"trapezing\".",
"This can only be done if the vessel is designed for this, as in dinghy sailing.",
"A sailor can (usually involuntarily) try turning upwind in gusts (it is known as \"rounding up\").",
"This can lead to difficulties in controlling the vessel if over-canvassed.",
"Wind can be spilled from the sails by 'sheeting out', or loosening them.",
"The number of sails, their size and shape can be altered.",
"Raising the dinghy centreboard can reduce heeling by allowing more leeway.",
"The increasingly asymmetric underwater shape of the hull matching the increasing angle of heel may generate an increasing directional turning force into the wind.",
"The sails' centre of effort will also increase this turning effect or force on the vessel's motion due to increasing lever effect with increased heeling which shows itself as increased human effort required to steer a straight course.",
"Increased heeling reduces exposed sail area relative to the wind direction, so leading to an equilibrium state.",
"As more heeling force causes more heel, weather helm may be experienced.",
"This condition has a braking effect on the vessel but has the safety effect in that an excessively hard pressed boat will try and turn into the wind therefore reducing the forces on the sail.",
"Small amounts (≤5 degrees) of weather helm are generally considered desirable because of the consequent aerofoil lift effect from the rudder.",
"This aerofoil lift produces helpful motion to windward & the corollary of the reason why lee helm is dangerous.",
"Lee helm, the opposite of weather helm, is generally considered to be dangerous because the vessel turns away from the wind when the helm is released, thus increasing forces on the sail at a time when the helmsperson is not in control."
] | [
5
] |
Early works | What early work of art did da Vinci paint in conjunction with Verrocchio? | Leonardo da Vinci | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Leonardo's early works begin with the \"Baptism of Christ\" painted in conjunction with Verrocchio.",
"Two other paintings appear to date from his time at the workshop, both of which are Annunciations.",
"One is small, long and high.",
"It is a \"predella\" to go at the base of a larger composition, in this case a painting by Lorenzo di Credi from which it has become separated.",
"The other is a much larger work, long.",
"In both these Annunciations, Leonardo used a formal arrangement, such as in Fra Angelico's two well-known pictures of the same subject, of the Virgin Mary sitting or kneeling to the right of the picture, approached from the left by an angel in profile, with a rich flowing garment, raised wings and bearing a lily.",
"Although previously attributed to Ghirlandaio, the larger work is now generally attributed to Leonardo.",
"In the smaller picture Mary averts her eyes and folds her hands in a gesture that symbolised submission to God's will.",
"In the larger picture, however, Mary is not submissive.",
"The girl, interrupted in her reading by this unexpected messenger, puts a finger in her bible to mark the place and raises her hand in a formal gesture of greeting or surprise.",
"This calm young woman appears to accept her role as the Mother of God, not with resignation but with confidence.",
"In this painting the young Leonardo presents the humanist face of the Virgin Mary, recognising humanity's role in God's incarnation."
] | [
0
] |
Writing | What event resulted in Warner Bros decision to change act 3 of the film Terminator Salvation? | Terminator Salvation | true | 6MOVIES
| [
13,
14
] | [
"McG signed on to direct as the first two films were among his favorites, and he had even cast Robert Patrick (who played the T-1000) in his films.",
"Though he was initially unsure about \"flogging a dead horse,\" he felt the post-apocalyptic setting allowed the film to be different enough so as not to be just an inferior sequel.",
"The idea that events in ' and ' altered the future also allowed them to be flexible with their presentation of the futuristic world.",
"McG met with the series' co-creator James Cameron, and, although he neither blessed nor denigrated the project, Cameron told the new director he had faced a similar challenge when following Ridley Scott's \"Alien\" with \"Aliens\".",
"He maintained two elements of the previous films; that John is an outsider to the authorities, and someone of future importance is being protected, and in this film it is Kyle Reese.",
"The first full screenplay for the film was written by \"\" writers John Brancato and Michael Ferris, who received full screenplay credit.",
"Paul Haggis rewrote Brancato and Ferris's script, and Shawn Ryan made another revision three weeks before filming.",
"Jonathan Nolan also wrote on set, which led to McG characterizing his work on the script as the most important; he chose to contribute to the film after Bale signed on and created Connor's arc of becoming a leader.",
"Anthony E. Zuiker contributed to the script as well.",
"So extensive were the rewrites that Alan Dean Foster decided to rewrite the entire novelization after submitting it to his publisher, because the compiled shooting script was very different from the one he was given beforehand.",
"In the early script drafts, John was a secondary character.",
"Producer James Middleton explained \"\"\" was influenced by Jesus Christ, but it was his story.",
"Much in that way, this main character will be influenced by John Connor.\"",
"The original ending was to have John killed, and his image kept alive by the resistance by grafting his skin onto Marcus' cybernetic body.",
"However, after the ending was leaked on the Internet, Warner Bros. decided to completely change the entire third act of the film.",
"McG and Nolan did continue the Christ element of John's character though, in which he has some followers who believe what he knows about Skynet, and others who do not.",
"McG described the film's theme as \"where you draw the line between machines and humans\".",
"The friendship between Marcus — who was executed (for murder) when humanity still ruled the world — and Kyle Reese illustrates how war and suffering can bring out the best in people, such as when they worked together to survive during the Blitz.",
"The title was derived from this second chance given to humanity and to Marcus, in addition to John's efforts to save humanity from the machines.",
"The film's original title was \"Terminator Salvation: The Future Begins\", but this was dropped during filming.",
"Throughout writing, the cast and crew would watch scenes from the three films to pick moments to reference or tribute, including \"Come with me if you want to live\" and \"I'll be back\", which is uttered by John in this film.",
"McG found himself having to decide which ideas for references would be included and which would not.",
"An opening scene has John fighting a Terminator on a crashed helicopter, which was storyboarded as a homage to the climax of the original film, where his mother Sarah, having broken her leg, is chased by a crippled Terminator.",
"McG did this to reflect the skills John learned from her."
] | [
0
] |
Types of biomolecules | Explain biomolecules. | Biomolecule | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"A diverse range of biomolecules exist, including:",
" Small molecules:",
"* Lipids, polysaccharides, glycolipids, sterols, glycerolipids",
"* Vitamins",
"* Hormones, neurotransmitters",
"*Metabolites",
" Monomers, oligomers and polymers:"
] | [] |
Tornado fries | How are tornado fries made? | French fries | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Tornado fries are made by skewering the whole potato, and then cutting with a specialized spiral slicer.",
"The potato is spread evenly along the skewer and deep fried.",
"The cooking process fuses the potato to the skewer and holds it in place.",
"It is then sprinkled with dry seasonings or served with dipping sauce.",
"Tornado fries gets their name from the tornado-like shape that the potato has on the skewer."
] | [
5
] |
History | When was rugby invented? | Rugby union | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"The origin of rugby football is reputed to be an incident during a game of English school football at Rugby School in 1823 when William Webb Ellis is said to have picked up the ball and run with it.",
"Although the evidence for the story is doubtful, it was immortalised at the school with a plaque unveiled in 1895.",
"Despite the doubtful evidence, the Rugby World Cup trophy is named after Webb Ellis.",
"Rugby football stems from the form of game played at Rugby School, which former pupils then introduced to their university.",
"Old Rugbeian Albert Pell, a student at Cambridge, is credited with having formed the first \"football\" team.",
"During this early period different schools used different rules, with former pupils from Rugby and Eton attempting to carry their preferred rules through to their universities.",
"A significant event in the early development of rugby football was the production of the first written laws of the game at Rugby School in 1845, which was followed by the 'Cambridge Rules' drawn up in 1848.",
"Other important events include the Blackheath Club's decision to leave the Football Association in 1863 and the formation of the Rugby Football Union in 1871.",
"The code was originally known as \"rugby football\"; it was not until after the schism in England in 1895, which resulted in the separate code of rugby league, that the sport took on the name \"rugby union\" to differentiate it from the league game.",
"Despite the sport's full name of rugby union, it is known simply as rugby throughout most of the world.",
"The first rugby football international was played on 27 March 1871 between England and Scotland.",
"By 1881 both Ireland and Wales had representative teams, and in 1883 the first international competition, the Home Nations Championship had begun.",
"1883 is also the year of the first rugby sevens tournament, the Melrose Sevens, which is still held annually.",
"Five years later two important overseas tours took place: a British Isles team visited Australia and New Zealand—although a private venture, it laid the foundations for future British and Irish Lions tours; and the 1888–89 New Zealand Native football team brought the first overseas team to British spectators.",
"Between 1905 and 1908, all three major Southern Hemisphere rugby countries sent their first touring teams to the Northern Hemisphere: New Zealand in 1905, followed by South Africa in 1906 and Australia in 1908.",
"All three teams brought new styles of play, fitness levels and tactics, and were far more successful than critics had expected.",
"The New Zealand 1905 touring team performed a haka before each match, leading Welsh Rugby Union administrator Tom Williams to suggest that Wales player Teddy Morgan lead the crowd in singing the Welsh National Anthem, \"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau\", as a response.",
"After Morgan began singing, the crowd joined in: the first time a national anthem was sung at the start of a sporting event.",
"In 1905 France played England in its first international match.",
"No international rugby games and union-sponsored club matches were played during the First World War, but competitions continued through service teams such as the New Zealand Army team.",
"During the Second World War no international matches were played by most countries, though Italy, Germany and Romania played a limited number of games, and Cambridge and Oxford continued their annual University Match.",
"Rugby union was included as an event in the Olympic Games four times during the early 20th century.",
"In 1973 the first officially sanctioned international sevens tournament took place at Murrayfield, one of Scotland's biggest stadiums, as part of the Scottish Rugby Union centenary celebrations.",
"In 1987 the first Rugby World Cup was held in Australia and New Zealand, and the inaugural winners were New Zealand.",
"The first World Cup Sevens tournament was held at Murrayfield in 1993.",
"Rugby Sevens was introduced into the Commonwealth Games in 1998 and is due to be added to the Olympic Games by 2016.",
"Rugby union was an amateur sport until the IRB declared the game \"open\" in 1995, removing restrictions on payments to players.",
"However, the pre-1995 period of rugby union was marked by frequent accusations of \"shamateurism\", including an investigation in Britain by a House of Commons Select committee.",
"Following the introduction of professionalism trans-national club competitions were started, with the Heineken Cup in the Northern Hemisphere and Super Rugby in the Southern Hemisphere.",
"The Tri-nations, an annual international tournament involving Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, kicked off in 1996."
] | [
2
] |
Graphic arts | When were a lot of fake Salvador Dali paintings made? | Salvador Dalí | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"The artist worked extensively in the graphic arts, producing many etchings and lithographs.",
"While his early work in printmaking is equal in quality to his important paintings, as he grew older he would sell the rights to images but not be involved in the print production itself.",
"In addition, a large number of fakes were produced in the 1980s and 1990s, thus further confusing the Dalí print market."
] | [
2
] |
National parks | Which park is adjacent to Victoria Falls National Park? | Victoria Falls | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
2,
3
] | [
"Natural environment.",
"National parks.",
"The two national parks at the falls are relatively small—Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is and Victoria Falls National Park is .",
"However, next to the latter on the southern bank is the Zambezi National Park, extending west along the river.",
"Animals can move between the two Zimbabwean parks and can also reach Matetsi Safari Area, Kazuma Pan National Park and Hwange National Park to the south.",
"On the Zambian side, fences and the outskirts of Livingstone tend to confine most animals to the Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park.",
"In addition fences put up by lodges in response to crime restrict animal movement.",
"In 2004 a separate group of police called the Tourism Police was started.",
"They are commonly seen around the main tourist areas, and can be identified by their uniforms with yellow reflective bibs."
] | [] |
Fauna | Eastern gray squirrel is part of what genus? | Central Park | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
13
] | [
" Birds:",
"The first official list of birds observed in Central Park was drawn up by Augustus G. Paine, Jr.. Paine was an avid hobby ornithologist and, together with his friend Lewis B. Woodruff, drew up a list of birds counting 235 species.",
"This was regarded as the first official list and was published in \"Forest and Stream\" on June 10, 1886.",
"An article in \"The New Yorker\" on August 26, 1974 calls attention to this early list.",
"Over the decades the list has been updated and changed.",
"The park is frequented by various migratory species of birds during their Spring and Fall migration on the Atlantic Flyway.",
"Over a quarter of all the bird species found in the United States have been seen in Central Park.",
"One of these species is the Red-tailed hawk, which re-established a presence in the park when a male hawk known as Pale Male for his light coloration, nested on a building on Fifth Avenue, across the street from the park.",
"He became a local media celebrity and a prolific breeder.",
"Central Park was the site of the misguided unleashing of European starlings in North America, a native of Eurasia which has become an invasive species.",
"In April, 1890, eighty birds were released by Eugene Schieffelin, and the following March another eighty; these one hundred and sixty birds are the progenitors of the flocks which now span the United States and parts of Canada.",
" Mammals",
"* Raccoon (\"Procyon lotor\"): nocturnal tree dwellers that come down to ground level to feed at night, have become extremely common in Central Park in recent years, prompting the Parks Department to post rabies warnings around certain areas.",
"* Eastern gray squirrel, or grey squirrel (\"Sciurus carolinensis\"), is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus native to the eastern and midwestern United States.",
"* Eastern Chipmunk (\"Tamias striatus\"): although not commonly sighted, there are chipmunks in Central Park.",
"* Virginia Opossum (\"Didelphis virginiana\"): a nocturnal marsupial that rests in trees during the day and searches for food on the ground at night.",
" Arthropods: In 2002 a new genus and species of centipede (\"Nannarrup hoffmani\") was discovered in Central Park.",
"At about long, it is one of the smallest centipedes in the world."
] | [
0
] |
Annual events | How many lights are displayed at the event? | Disney's Hollywood Studios | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
5
] | [
"Disney's Hollywood Studios hosts a number of events during the year that often draw thousands of fans to the park.",
" ESPN The Weekend (late winter) features commentators from the Disney-owned cable sports channels as well as sports celebrities.",
" Star Wars Weekends (May - June) brings \"Star Wars\" fans and celebrities together for special park events.",
"Running Fridays-Sundays throughout June, they feature the 501st Legion (a worldwide \"Star Wars\" costuming group) parading through the park in Stormtrooper costumes, several \"Star Wars\" actors appearing each weekend for photos and autographs, Jedi Training Academy classes for younger guests, and other activities.",
" The Osborne Family Spectacle of Dancing Lights (November–January) take over the Streets of America during the Christmas season.",
"The display features over five million Christmas lights on more than of wire.",
"One former event of note was the ABC Super Soap Weekend.",
"Scheduled in November, the event paid tribute to the legions of fans of soap operas from ABC.",
"Guests could meet stars from \"All My Children\", \"One Life to Live\" and \"General Hospital\".",
"The event's final presentation was in November 2008, with ABC instead planning to schedule multiple, smaller regional events around the country for its fans."
] | [
5
] |
Quantum mechanics and classical physics | What is the difference between Quantum interference and classical "waves"? | Quantum mechanics | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
" and classical physics.",
"Predictions of quantum mechanics have been verified experimentally to an extremely high degree of accuracy.",
"According to the correspondence principle between classical and quantum mechanics, all objects obey the laws of quantum mechanics, and classical mechanics is just an approximation for large systems of objects (or a statistical quantum mechanics of a large collection of particles).",
"The laws of classical mechanics thus follow from the laws of quantum mechanics as a statistical average at the limit of large systems or large quantum numbers.",
"However, chaotic systems do not have good quantum numbers, and quantum chaos studies the relationship between classical and quantum descriptions in these systems.",
"Quantum coherence is an essential difference between classical and quantum theories as illustrated by the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) paradox — an attempt to disprove quantum mechanics by an appeal to local realism.",
"Quantum interference involves adding together \"probability amplitudes\", whereas classical \"waves\" infer that there is an adding together of \"intensities\".",
"For microscopic bodies, the extension of the system is much smaller than the coherence length, which gives rise to long-range entanglement and other nonlocal phenomena characteristic of quantum systems.",
"Quantum coherence is not typically evident at macroscopic scales, though an exception to this rule may occur at extremely low temperatures (i.e.",
"approaching absolute zero) at which quantum behavior may manifest itself macroscopically.",
"This is in accordance with the following observations:",
" Many macroscopic properties of a classical system are a direct consequence of the quantum behavior of its parts.",
"For example, the stability of bulk matter (consisting of atoms and molecules which would quickly collapse under electric forces alone), the rigidity of solids, and the mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical and magnetic properties of matter are all results of the interaction of electric charges under the rules of quantum mechanics.",
" While the seemingly \"exotic\" behavior of matter posited by quantum mechanics and relativity theory become more apparent when dealing with particles of extremely small size or velocities approaching the speed of light, the laws of classical, often considered \"Newtonian\", physics remain accurate in predicting the behavior of the vast majority of \"large\" objects (on the order of the size of large molecules or bigger) at velocities much smaller than the velocity of light."
] | [
0
] |
Influence | What 1918 movie's title was taken from the Forbidden City Landmark? | Forbidden City | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
6
] | [
"The Forbidden City, the culmination of the two-thousand-year development of classical Chinese and East Asian architecture, has been influential in the subsequent development of Chinese architecture, as well as providing inspiration for many artistic works.",
"Some specific examples include:",
"Depiction in art, film, literature and popular culture",
"The Forbidden City has served as the scene to many works of fiction.",
"In recent years, it has been depicted in films and television series.",
"Some notable examples include:",
" \"The Forbidden City\" (1918), a fiction film about a Chinese emperor and an American.",
" \"The Last Emperor\" (1987), a biographical film about Puyi, was the first feature film ever authorised by the government of the People's Republic of China to be filmed in the Forbidden City.",
" \"Marco Polo\" a joint NBC and RAI TV miniseries broadcast in the early 1980s, was filmed inside the Forbidden City.",
"Note, however, that the present Forbidden City did not exist in the Yuan dynasty, when Marco Polo met Kublai Khan.",
"Performance venue",
"The Forbidden City has also served as a performance venue.",
"However, its use for this purpose is strictly limited, due to the heavy impact of equipment and performance on the ancient structures.",
"Almost all performances said to be \"in the Forbidden City\" are held outside the palace walls.",
" Giacomo Puccini's opera, \"Turandot\", the story of a Chinese princess, was performed at the Imperial Shrine just outside the Forbidden City for the first time in 1998.",
" In 1997, Greek-born composer and keyboardist Yanni performed a live concert in front of the Forbidden City.",
"The concert was recorded and later released as part of the \"Tribute\" album.",
" In 2001, the Three Tenors, Spanish singers Plácido Domingo and José Carreras and the Italian singer Luciano Pavarotti sang in front of Forbidden City main gate as one of their performances.",
" In 2004, the French musician Jean Michel Jarre performed a live concert in front of the Forbidden City, accompanied by 260 musicians, as part of the \"Year of France in China\" festivities."
] | [
0
] |
Etymology and origins | What is in pho? | Pho | true | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"Reviews of 19th and 20th century Indochinese literature have found that pho entered the mainstream sometime in the 1910s.",
"Georges Dumoutier's extensive 1907 account of Vietnamese cuisine omits any mention of pho, while Nguyễn Công Hoan recalls its sale by street vendors in 1913.",
"A 1931 dictionary is the first to define ' as a soup: \"from the word '.",
"A dish consisting of small slices of rice cake boiled with beef.",
"\"Possibly the earliest English-language reference to pho was in the book \"Recipes of All Nations\", edited by Countess Morphy in 1935: In the book, pho is described as \"an Annamese soup held in high esteem ... made with beef, a veal bone, onions, a bayleaf, salt, and pepper, and a small teaspoon of \"nuoc-mam\"\".",
"\"There are two prevailing theories on the origin of the word \"\" and, by extension, the dish itself.",
"As author Nguyễn Dư notes, both questions are significant to Vietnamese identity."
] | [
0
] |
"Meet Me in St. Louis" | Where did the song "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" first appear? | Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas | false | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"The song was written while Martin was vacationing in a house in the neighborhood of Southside in Birmingham, Alabama, that his father Hugh Martin designed for his mother as a honeymoon cottage.",
"Located at 1919 South 15th Avenue, (just down the street from his birthplace at 1900 South 14th Avenue) the house became the home of Martin and his family in 1923.",
"The song first appeared in a scene in \"Meet Me in St. Louis\", in which a family is distraught by the father's plans to move to New York City for a job promotion, leaving behind their beloved home in St. Louis, Missouri, just before the long-anticipated 1904 World's Fair begins.",
"In a scene set on Christmas Eve, Judy Garland's character, Esther, sings the song to cheer up her despondent five-year-old sister, Tootie, played by Margaret O'Brien."
] | [
4
] |
Music video | When did the video for Somebody That I Used to Know get nominated for Video of the Year? | Somebody That I Used to Know | false | 0MUSIC
| [
18
] | [
"Music video.",
"The music video for \"Somebody That I Used To Know\", which was directed and produced by Natasha Pincus, shows both Gotye and Kimbra naked throughout the clip, and as they sing, his skin is gradually painted into the backdrop via stop motion animation.",
"In the director's cut, it features nudity.",
"The director's cut was never posted.",
"The painting used in the video's background, painted by Howard Clark, is based on a 1980s artwork created by Gotye's father, Frank de Backer, who also designed the cover art for the related album, \"Making Mirrors\".",
"Emma Hack, an Australian artist and skin illustrator based in Adelaide, was hired by Pincus to work on the body paintings for Gotye and Kimbra.",
"Melbourne Scenic Artist Howard Clark painted the backdrop.",
"According to Hack, it took more than 23 hours to paint both Gotye and Kimbra to fit with Howard's background.",
"Their painting symbolises their combined relationship.",
"Before its official premiere, the music video was leaked on Take 40 Australia's website.",
"According to Pincus, \"It was stolen out of our system.",
"I guess it's always wanted to get out there.",
"Within five minutes it was everywhere\".",
"On 30 July 2011 it was officially premiered on YouTube and on the Australian music show \"Rage\".",
"The music video was well received for its artistic style, picking up 200,000 views in its first two weeks, as well as receiving promotion on Twitter by actor Ashton Kutcher and Katy Perry.",
"As of May 2013, the video has over 400 million views on YouTube.",
"The video for \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" was voted number 1 in the annual \"Rage\" Fifty countdown.",
"Andy Samberg and Taran Killam parodied the video in a \"Saturday Night Live\" \"digital short\" that coincided with Gotye's 14 April 2012 performance on the show.",
"The video was nominated for Video of the Year and Best Editing in a Video at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards."
] | [
2
] |
Episode title quotes | What is the title of episode Natalie created of The Amazing Race 21? | The Amazing Race 21 | true | 1TV
| [
5
] | [
"Episode titles are often taken from quotes made by the racers.",
" \"Double Your Money (Shanghai, China)\" – \"Phil Keoghan\"",
" \"Long Hair, Don't Care (Surabaya, Indonesia)\" – \"Jaymes\"",
" \"There's No Crying in Baseball (Bangil, Indonesia)\" – \"Brittany\"",
" \"Funky Monkey (Dhaka, Bangladesh)\" – \"Abbie\"",
" \"Chill Out, Freak (Dhaka, Bangladesh)\" – \"Natalie\"",
" \"Get Your Sexy On (Istanbul, Turkey)\" – \"Nadiya\"",
" \"Off to See the Wizard (Moscow, Russia)\" – \"James\" ",
" \"We Was Robbed (Moscow, Russia)\" – \"James\" ",
" \"Fishy Kiss (Amsterdam, Netherlands)\" – \"Nadiya\"",
" \"Not a Well-Rounded Athlete (Mallorca, Spain)\" – \"James\" ",
" \"Take Down That Million (Loire Valley, France & New York City, New York)\" – \"Trey\""
] | [
0
] |
Differences between the film and reality | Who was married to Woodroof? | Dallas Buyers Club | true | 6MOVIES
| [
7
] | [
"The characters of Rayon and Dr. Eve Saks were fictional; the writers had interviewed transgender AIDS patients, activists, and doctors for the film and combined these stories to create the two composite supporting roles.",
"However, Woodroof did lose all his friends after they found out he was HIV-positive.",
"In his interviews with Borten, Woodroof implied that this, along with interactions with gay people living with AIDS through the buyers club, led to a rethinking of his apparent anti-gay sentiments and changed his views on gay people.",
"Other people who knew him said that he did not harbor anti-gay sentiments and was himself bisexual.",
"Also, while a rodeo enthusiast, he never rode any bulls himself.",
"Although the film shows Woodroof diagnosed in 1985, he told Borten that a doctor had informed him he might have the disease well before that; Woodroof believed he may have been infected in 1981, something that was briefly alluded to in a flashback in the film.",
"While Woodroof was known for outlandish behavior, according to those who knew him, both the film and McConaughey made him rougher than he actually was, describing him as \"outrageous, but not confrontational\" and not as obviously anti-gay earlier in his life.",
"The real Woodroof also had an ex-wife, Brenda, a daughter and a sister who were not approached by the writers and were left out of the script to make the film more of a character study."
] | [
3
] |
Lessons | If children can't swim by what age do they receive intensive daily lessons? | Human swimming | false | 4SPORT
| [
12
] | [
"Children generally do not swim independently until 4 years of age.",
"In Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Estonia and Finland, the curriculum for the fifth grade (fourth grade in Estonia) states that all children should learn how to swim as well as how to handle emergencies near water.",
"Most commonly, children are expected to be able to swim – of which at least on their back – after first falling into deep water and getting their head under water.",
"Even though about 95 percent of Swedish school children know how to swim, drowning remains the third most common cause of death among children.",
"In both the Netherlands and Belgium swimming lessons under school time (\"schoolzwemmen\", school swimming) are supported by the government.",
"Most schools provide swimming lessons.",
"There is a long tradition of swimming lessons in the Netherlands and Belgium, the Dutch translation for the breaststroke swimming style is even \"schoolslag\" (schoolstroke).",
"The children learn a variant of the breaststroke, which is technically not entirely correct.",
"In France, swimming is a compulsory part of the curriculum for primary schools.",
"Children usually spend one semester per year learning swimming during CE1/CE2/CM1 (2nd, 3rd and 4th grade).",
"In many places, swimming lessons are provided by local swimming pools, both those run by the local authority and by private leisure companies.",
"Many schools also include swimming lessons into their Physical Education curricula, provided either in the schools' own pool, or in the nearest public pool.",
"In the UK, the \"Top-ups scheme\" calls for school children who cannot swim by the age of 11 to receive intensive daily lessons.",
"These children who have not reached Great Britain's National Curriculum standard of swimming 25 metres by the time they leave primary school will be given a half-hour lesson every day for two weeks during term-time.",
"In Canada and Mexico there has been a call for swimming to be included in the public school curriculum.",
"In USA there is the Infant Swimming Resource (ISR) initiative that provides lessons for infant children, to cope with emergency situation when they have fallen into water.",
"They are learned how to roll-back-to-float (hold their breath underwater, to roll onto their back, to float unassisted, rest and breathe until help arrives)."
] | [
0
] |
Host range | Are all types of cellular life infected by it? | Virus | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"Viruses are by far the most abundant biological entities on Earth and they outnumber all the others put together.",
"They infect all types of cellular life including animals, plants, bacteria and fungi.",
"However, different types of viruses can infect only a limited range of hosts and many are species-specific.",
"Some, such as smallpox virus for example, can infect only one species – in this case humans, and are said to have a narrow host range.",
"Other viruses, such as rabies virus, can infect different species of mammals and are said to have a broad range.",
"The viruses that infect plants are harmless to animals, and most viruses that infect other animals are harmless to humans.",
"The host range of some bacteriophages is limited to a single strain of bacteria and they can be used to trace the source of outbreaks of infections by a method called phage typing."
] | [] |
Role of women | What year did the women of Boston produce 40,000 skeins of yarn, and 180 women in Middletown, Massachusetts wove of cloth? | American Revolution | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
8
] | [
"Women contributed to the American Revolution in many ways, and were involved on both sides.",
"While formal Revolutionary politics did not include women, ordinary domestic behaviors became charged with political significance as Patriot women confronted a war that permeated all aspects of political, civil, and domestic life.",
"They participated by boycotting British goods, spying on the British, following armies as they marched, washing, cooking, and tending for soldiers, delivering secret messages, and in a few cases like Deborah Samson, fighting disguised as men.",
"Also, Mercy Otis Warren held meetings in her house and cleverly attacked Loyalists with her creative plays and histories.",
"Above all, they continued the agricultural work at home to feed their families and the armies.",
"They maintained their families during their husbands' absences and sometimes after their deaths.",
"American women were integral to the success of the boycott of British goods, as the boycotted items were largely household items such as tea and cloth.",
"Women had to return to knitting goods, and to spinning and weaving their own cloth — skills that had fallen into disuse.",
"In 1769, the women of Boston produced 40,000 skeins of yarn, and 180 women in Middletown, Massachusetts wove of cloth.",
"A crisis of political loyalties could disrupt the fabric of colonial America women's social worlds: whether a man did or did not renounce his allegiance to the King could dissolve ties of class, family, and friendship, isolating women from former connections.",
"A woman's loyalty to her husband, once a private commitment, could become a political act, especially for women in America committed to men who remained loyal to the King.",
"Legal divorce, usually rare, was granted to Patriot women whose husbands supported the King."
] | [
0
] |
Nutritional facts | How do beans and rice contribute to a good diet for vegetarians? | Cereal | true | 9FOOD
| [
0,
1,
2,
3
] | [
"Some grains are deficient in the essential amino acid lysine.",
"That is why many vegetarian cultures, in order to get a balanced diet, combine their diet of grains with legumes.",
"Many legumes, on the other hand, are deficient in the essential amino acid methionine, which grains contain.",
"Thus, a combination of legumes with grains forms a well-balanced diet for vegetarians.",
"Common examples of such combinations are dal (lentils) with rice by South Indians and Bengalis, dal with wheat in Pakistan and North India, and beans with corn tortillas, tofu with rice, and peanut butter with wheat bread (as sandwiches) in several other cultures, including Americans.",
"The amount of crude protein found in grain is measured as the grain crude protein concentration."
] | [
5
] |
Jehovah's Witnesses | How many Jehovah's Witnesses were forced to wear a purple triangle? | The Holocaust | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"Refusing to pledge allegiance to the Nazi party or to serve in the military, roughly 12,000 Jehovah's Witnesses were forced to wear a purple triangle and were placed in camps where they were given the option of renouncing their faith and submitting to the state's authority.",
"Between 2,500 and 5,000 were killed.",
"Historian Detlef Garbe, director at the Neuengamme (Hamburg) Memorial, writes that \"no other religious movement resisted the pressure to conform to National Socialism with comparable unanimity and steadfastness.\""
] | [
5
] |
Evolution of life | How many years ago did amphibians first live? | Evolution | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
14
] | [
" of life.",
"Prokaryotes inhabited the Earth from approximately 3–4 billion years ago.",
"*</ref> No obvious changes in morphology or cellular organisation occurred in these organisms over the next few billion years.",
"The eukaryotic cells emerged between 1.6 – 2.7 billion years ago.",
"The next major change in cell structure came when bacteria were engulfed by eukaryotic cells, in a cooperative association called endosymbiosis.",
"The engulfed bacteria and the host cell then underwent co-evolution, with the bacteria evolving into either mitochondria or hydrogenosomes.",
"Another engulfment of cyanobacterial-like organisms led to the formation of chloroplasts in algae and plants.",
"*</ref>The history of life was that of the unicellular eukaryotes, prokaryotes and archaea until about 610 million years ago when multicellular organisms began to appear in the oceans in the Ediacaran period.",
"The evolution of multicellularity occurred in multiple independent events, in organisms as diverse as sponges, brown algae, cyanobacteria, slime moulds and myxobacteria.",
"Soon after the emergence of these first multicellular organisms, a remarkable amount of biological diversity appeared over approximately 10 million years, in an event called the Cambrian explosion.",
"Here, the majority of types of modern animals appeared in the fossil record, as well as unique lineages that subsequently became extinct.",
"Various triggers for the Cambrian explosion have been proposed, including the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere from photosynthesis.",
"*</ref>About 500 million years ago, plants and fungi colonised the land and were soon followed by arthropods and other animals.",
"Insects were particularly successful and even today make up the majority of animal species.",
"Amphibians first appeared around 364 million years ago, followed by early amniotes and birds around 155 million years ago (both from \"reptile\"-like lineages), mammals around 129 million years ago, homininae around 10 million years ago and modern humans around 250,000 years ago.",
"However, despite the evolution of these large animals, smaller organisms similar to the types that evolved early in this process continue to be highly successful and dominate the Earth, with the majority of both biomass and species being prokaryotes."
] | [
5
] |
Track listings | What is the duration of the Ferry Corsten Remix? | As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
4
] | [
"Digital download",
"\"As Long As You Love Me\" (feat.",
"Big Sean) – 3:49",
"Digital Remixes EP",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Ferry Corsten Remix) - 5:42",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Ferry Corsten Club Dub) - 4:58",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Ferry Corsten Radio Mix) - 3:31",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Audiobot Remix) - 5:04",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Audiobot Instrumental) - 5:04",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Audiobot Radio Mix) - 3:55",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Paulo & Jackinsky Club Mix) - 7:41",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Paulo & Jackinsky Dub) - 7:26",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (Paulo & Jackinsky Radio Mix) - 3:55",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (feat.",
"Big Sean) (Audien Dubstep Radio Mix) - 4:03",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (feat.",
"Big Sean) (Audien Dubstep Mix) - 4:37",
" \"As Long As You Love Me\" (feat.",
"Big Sean) (Audien Luvstep Mix) - 4:37"
] | [
0
] |
First version | "The Poet," a portrait of Eugène Boch, was created by who? | Bedroom in Arles | true | 3ART
| [
18
] | [
"Van Gogh started the first version during mid October 1888 while staying in Arles, and explained his aims and means to his brother Theo:",
"\"This time it simply reproduces my bedroom; but colour must be abundant in this part, its simplification adding a rank of grandee to the style applied to the objects, getting to suggest a certain rest or dream.",
"Well, I have thought that on watching the composition we stop thinking and imagining.",
"I have painted the walls pale violet.",
"The ground with checked material.",
"The wooden bed and the chairs, yellow like fresh butter; the sheet and the pillows, lemon light green.",
"The bedspread, scarlet coloured.",
"The window, green.",
"The washbasin, orangey; the tank, blue.",
"The doors, lilac.",
"And, that is all.",
"There is not anything else in this room with closed shutters.",
"The square pieces of furniture must express unswerving rest; also the portraits on the wall, the mirror, the bottle, and some costumes.",
"The white colour has not been applied to the picture, so its frame will be white, aimed to get me even with the compulsory rest recommended for me.",
"I have depicted no type of shade or shadow; I have only applied simple plain colours, like those in crêpes.",
"\"",
"Van Gogh included sketches of the composition in this letter as well as in a letter to Gauguin, written slightly later.",
"This version has on the wall to the right miniatures of Van Gogh's portraits of his friends Eugène Boch and Paul-Eugène Milliet.",
"The portrait of Eugène Boch is called \"The Poet\" and the portrait of Paul Eugène Milliet is called \"The Lover.\""
] | [
3
] |
Soup | What kind of flavor does miso ramen broth have? | Ramen | false | 9FOOD
| [
18
] | [
"Ramen soup is generally made from stock based on chicken or pork, combined with a variety of ingredients such as kombu (kelp), katsuobushi (skipjack tuna flakes), niboshi (dried baby sardines), beef bones, shiitake, and onions, and then flavored with salt, miso, or soy sauce.",
"Other styles that have emerged later on include curry ramen and other flavors.",
"The resulting combination is generally divided into four categories (although new and original variations often make this categorisation less clear-cut):",
" Shio (\"salt\") ramen is probably the oldest of the four and is a pale, clear, yellowish broth made with plenty of salt and any combination of chicken, vegetables, fish, and seaweed.",
"Occasionally pork bones are also used, but they are not boiled as long as they are for \"tonkotsu\" ramen, so the soup remains light and clear.",
"Chāshū is sometimes swapped for lean chicken meatballs, and pickled plums and kamaboko (a slice of processed fish roll sometimes served as a frilly white circle with a pink or red spiral called narutomaki) are popular toppings as well.",
"Noodle texture and thickness varies among \"shio\" ramen, but they are usually straight rather than curly.",
" (豚骨, \"pork bone\"; not to be confused with tonkatsu) ramen usually has a cloudy white colored broth.",
"It is similar to the Chinese \"baitang\" (白湯) and has a thick broth made from boiling pork bones, fat, and collagen over high heat for many hours, which suffuses the broth with a hearty pork flavor and a creamy consistency that rivals milk, melted butter or gravy (depending on the shop).",
"Most shops, but not all, blend this pork broth with a small amount of chicken and vegetable stock and/or soy sauce.",
"The noodles are thin and straight, and it is often served with beni shoga (pickled ginger).",
"In recent years the latest trend in \"tonkotsu\" toppings is \"māyu\" (sesame oil), a blackish, aromatic oil made from either charred crushed garlic or Sesame seeds.",
"It is a specialty of Kyushu, particularly Hakata-ku, Fukuoka (hence sometimes called \"Hakata ramen\").",
"Shōyu (\"soy sauce\") ramen typically has a clear brown broth, based on a chicken and vegetable (or sometimes fish or beef) stock with plenty of soy sauce added resulting in a soup that is tangy, salty, and savory yet still fairly light on the palate.",
"Shōyu ramen usually has curly noodles rather than straight ones, but this is not always the case.",
"It is often adorned with marinated bamboo shoots or \"menma\", green onions, \"kamaboko\" (fish cakes), \"nori\" (seaweed), boiled eggs, bean sprouts and/or black pepper; occasionally the soup will also contain chili oil or Chinese spices, and some shops serve sliced beef instead of the usual chāshū.",
" Miso ramen is a relative newcomer, having reached national prominence around 1965.",
"This uniquely Japanese ramen, which was developed in Hokkaido, features a broth that combines copious amounts of miso and is blended with oily chicken or fish broth – and sometimes with \"tonkotsu\" or lard – to create a thick, nutty, slightly sweet and very hearty soup.",
"Miso ramen broth tends to have a robust, tangy flavor, so it stands up to a variety of flavorful toppings: spicy bean paste or \"tōbanjan\" (豆瓣醤), butter and corn, leeks, onions, bean sprouts, ground pork, cabbage, sesame seeds, white pepper, and chopped garlic are common.",
"The noodles are typically thick, curly, and slightly chewy.",
"Seasonings commonly added to ramen are black pepper, butter, chili pepper, sesame seeds, and crushed garlic.",
"Soup recipes and methods of preparation tend to be closely guarded secrets.",
"Some restaurants also offer a system known as \"kae-dama\" (替え玉), where customers who have finished their noodles can request a \"refill\" (for a few hundred yen more) to be put into their remaining soup."
] | [
0
] |
Canned version | What flavors of Ramen are there? | Ramen | true | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"In Akihabara, vending machines distribute warm ramen in a steel can, known as .",
"It is produced by a popular ramen restaurant and contains noodles, soup, menma, and pork.",
"It is intended as a quick snack, and includes a small folded plastic fork.",
"There are few kinds of flavor such as \"tonkotsu\" and curry."
] | [
0
] |
Primary sources in translation | What year was "The Protestant Reformation: Major Documents" published? | Protestant Reformation | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
12
] | [
" Fosdick, Harry Emerson, ed.",
"\"Great Voices of the Reformation of other putative reformers before and after it: an Anthology\", ed., with an introd.",
"and commentaries, by Harry Emerson Fosdick.",
"New York: Modern Library, 1952. xxx, 546 p.",
" Janz, Denis, ed.",
"\"A Reformation Reader: Primary Texts With Introductions\" (2008) excerpt and text search",
" Luther, Martin \"Luther's Correspondence and Other Contemporary Letters,\" 2 vols., tr.",
"and ed.",
"by Preserved Smith, Charles Michael Jacobs, The Lutheran Publication Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 1913, 1918. vol.2 (1521–1530) from Google Books.",
"Reprint of Vol.1, Wipf & Stock Publishers (March 2006).",
"ISBN 1-59752-601-0.",
" Spitz, Lewis W. \"The Protestant Reformation: Major Documents\".",
"St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1997.",
"ISBN 0-570-04993-8"
] | [
0
] |
Pink teddy bear | Where will you see the damaged teddy bear in Jane's room? | Breaking Bad | true | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"A motif within the second season is the image of a damaged teddy bear and its missing eye.",
"The teddy bear first appears at the end of the music video \"Fallacies\" for Jesse's band \"TwaüghtHammër\", which was released as a webisode in February 2009 leading to the second season.",
"The teddy bear can also be spotted on the mural on Jane's bedroom wall during the final episode of the second season, further connecting the crash to Jane.",
"It is seen in flashforwards during four episodes, the titles of which, when put together in order, form the sentence \"Seven Thirty-Seven down over ABQ\".",
"The flashforwards are shot in black and white, with the sole exception of the pink teddy bear, which is an homage to the film \"Schindler's List\", in which the color red is used to distinguish a little girl in a coat.",
"At the end of the season, Walter indirectly helps cause the midair collision of two airplanes; the pink teddy bear is then revealed to have fallen out of one of the planes and into the White family's pool.",
"Vince Gilligan called the plane accident an attempt to visualize \"all the terrible grief that Walt has wrought upon his loved ones\" and \"the judgment of God.",
"\"In the first episode of the third season, the NTSB fishes the teddy bear out of his pool and Walt later finds the missing eye in the pool filter.",
"Television critic Myles McNutt has called it \"a symbol of the damage feels responsible for,\" and \"The A.V.",
"Club\" commented that \"the pink teddy bear continues to accuse.\"",
"Fans and critics have compared the appearance of the teddy bear's face to an image of Gus Fring's face in the fourth season finale.",
"The teddy bear was auctioned off, among other memorabilia, on September 29, 2013, the air date of the show finale.",
"On October 29 of the same year, Aaron Paul posted production pictures of Cranston posing with the teddy bear on Instagram."
] | [
4
] |
Premier events | When did the Premier Events in Tennis begin? | Tennis | true | 4SPORT
| [
5
] | [
"Women's tournament structure.",
"Premier events.",
"Premier events for women form the most prestigious level of events on the Women's Tennis Association Tour after the Grand Slam tournaments.",
"These events offer the largest rewards in terms of points and prize money.",
"Within the Premier category are Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and Premier tournaments.",
"The Premier events were introduced in 2009 replacing the previous Tier I and II tournament categories.",
"Currently four tournaments are Premier Mandatory, five tournaments are Premier 5, and twelve tournaments are Premier.",
"The first tiering system in women's tennis was introduced in 1988.",
"At the time of its creation, only two tournaments, the Lipton International Players Championships in Florida and the German Open in Berlin, comprised the Tier I category."
] | [
2
] |
Arts and culture | What are some things that were lost due to the destruction of monastic libraries? | Dissolution of the Monasteries | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0,
1,
3,
4,
5,
6
] | [
"Along with the destruction of the monasteries, some of them many hundreds of years old, the related destruction of the monastic libraries was perhaps the greatest cultural loss caused by the English Reformation.",
"Worcester Priory (now Worcester Cathedral) had 600 books at the time of the dissolution.",
"Only six of them are known to have survived intact to the present day.",
"At the abbey of the Augustinian Friars at York, a library of 646 volumes was destroyed, leaving only three known survivors.",
"Some books were destroyed for their precious bindings, others were sold off by the cartload.",
"The antiquarian John Leland was commissioned by the King to rescue items of particular interest (especially manuscript sources of Old English history), and other collections were made by private individuals; notably Matthew Parker.",
"Nevertheless much was lost, especially manuscript books of English church music, none of which had then been printed."
] | [
0
] |
China | What is the definition of hong chang in Chinese? | Sausage | true | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"A European-like-style smoked savory \"hóng cháng\" (红肠 \"red sausage\") is produced in Harbin, China's northernmost major city.",
"It is another notable product similar to Lithuanian and Polish sausages including kiełbasa and \"podhalańska\", in that they tend to be of a much more European flavours than other Chinese sausages.",
"This kind of sausage was first produced in a Russian-capitalized factory named Churin sausage factory in 1909, Since then Harbin style sausage become popular in China, especially in northern regions.",
"Lap cheong (also lap chong, lap chung, lop chong) are dried pork sausages that look and feel like pepperoni, but are much sweeter.",
"In southwestern China, sausages are flavored with salt, red pepper and wild pepper.",
"People often cure sausages by smoking and air drying."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Where is the Space Needle located? | Space Needle | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific Northwest, and a symbol of Seattle.",
"Built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 World's Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors, nearly 20,000 people a day used its elevators.",
"Once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, it is high, wide, and weighs 9,550 tons.",
"It is built to withstand winds of up to and earthquakes of up to 9.1 magnitude, as strong as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.",
"It also has 25 lightning rods.",
"It has an observation deck at and a gift shop with the rotating SkyCity restaurant at .",
"From the top of the Needle, one can see not only the downtown Seattle skyline but also the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay, and surrounding islands.",
"Photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle prominently, above the rest of the skyscrapers and Mount Rainier.",
"Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators that travel at .",
"The trip takes 41 seconds, and some tourists wait in hour-long lines.",
"On windy days, the elevators slow to .",
"On April 19, 1999, the city's Landmarks Preservation Board designated it a historic landmark."
] | [
4
] |
Toronto International Film Festival | How did Peter Debruge rate the film Looper? | Looper (film) | true | 6MOVIES
| [
4,
5
] | [
"James Mottram of \"Total Film\" gave \"Looper\" 5 stars out of 5, concluding that it was \"the best sci-fi movie since \"Moon\".",
"The best time-travel yarn since \"12 Monkeys\".",
"And one of the best films of 2012.",
"\"Todd McCarthy of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" gave the film a positive review, calling it \"an engaging, neatly worked-out time-travel sci-fi thriller\", but also criticizing the effects involved in making Gordon-Levitt resemble Willis: \"At first, the effect is a bit odd, and you can't quite put your finger on what's off; then it feels downright weird to be looking at a version of Gordon-Levitt who is no longer the actor you've known for a few years now.",
"\"Peter Debruge of \"Variety\" also gave the film a positive review, writing that writer-director Johnson's \"grandly conceived, impressively mounted third feature shows a giddy, geeky interest in science-fiction, then forces it into the back seat and lets the multidimensional characters drive.",
"In a genre infamous for loose ends, this thinking man's thriller marshals action, romance and a dose of very dark comedy toward a stunning payoff.\""
] | [
5
] |
Musical adaptation | What band is Dan Messe a founder and member of? | Amélie | false | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"On 23 August 2013 composer Dan Messe, one of the founders and members of the band Hem, confirmed speculation that he would be writing the score for a musical adaptation of Amelie to premiere on Broadway.",
"He will be collaborating with Craig Lucas and Nathan Tysen.",
"Messe also confirmed he would be composing all original music for the show and not using the Yann Tiersen score.",
"Jeunet distanced himself from the musical, saying he only sold the rights to raise funds for children's charity \"Mecenat Chirurgie Cardiaque\" (Cardiac Surgery Patronage)."
] | [
0
] |
Legal controls | What are the requirements to become a licensed doctor? | Medicine | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0,
1
] | [
"In most countries, it is a legal requirement for a medical doctor to be licensed or registered.",
"In general, this entails a medical degree from a university and accreditation by a medical board or an equivalent national organization, which may ask the applicant to pass exams.",
"This restricts the considerable legal authority of the medical profession to physicians that are trained and qualified by national standards.",
"It is also intended as an assurance to patients and as a safeguard against charlatans that practice inadequate medicine for personal gain.",
"While the laws generally require medical doctors to be trained in \"evidence based\", Western, or Hippocratic Medicine, they are not intended to discourage different paradigms of health.",
"In the European Union, the profession of doctor of medicine is regulated.",
"A profession is said to be regulated when access and exercise is subject to the possession of a specific professional qualification.",
"The regulated professions database contains a list of regulated professions for doctor of medicine in the EU member states, EEA countries and Switzerland.",
"This list is covered by the Directive 2005/36/EC .",
"Doctors who are negligent or intentionally harmful in their care of patients can face charges of medical malpractice and be subject to civil, criminal, or professional sanctions."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Which treaty forced Bulgaria to give up most of the territories it had gained in the First Balkan War? | Balkan Wars | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
23
] | [
"The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in south-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913.",
"Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war; one of the four, Bulgaria, was defeated in the second war.",
"The Ottoman Empire lost nearly all of its holdings in Europe.",
"Austria-Hungary, although not a combatant, was weakened as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavic peoples.",
"The war set the stage for the Balkan crisis of 1914 and thus was a \"prelude to the First World War.",
"\"By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large elements of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule.",
"In 1912, these countries formed the Balkan League.",
"There were three main causes of the First Balkan War.",
"The Ottoman Empire was unable to reform itself, govern satisfactorily, or deal with the rising ethnic nationalism of its diverse peoples.",
"Secondly the Great Powers quarreled amongst themselves and failed to ensure that the Ottomans would carry out the needed reforms.",
"This led the Balkan states to impose their own solution.",
"Most important, the Balkan League had been formed, and its members were confident that it could defeat the Turks.",
"The Ottoman Empire lost almost all its European territories to the west of the River Maritsa, drawing present day Turkey's western border.",
"A large influx of Turks started to flee into the Ottoman heartland as a result of the lost lands.",
"By 1914, the remaining core region of the Ottoman Empire had experienced a population increase of around 2.5 million because of the flood of immigration from the Balkans.",
"In Turkey, it is considered a major disaster (\"Balkan harbi faciası\") in the nation's history.",
"The unexpected fall and sudden relinquishing of Turkish-dominated European territories created a psycho-traumatic event amongst the Turks that is said to have triggered the ultimate collapse of the empire itself within five years.",
"Nazım Pasha, the chief of staff of the Ottoman army has been held responsible of the failure and was assassinated in 1913 by Young Turks.",
"The First Balkan War broke out when the League attacked the Ottoman Empire on 8 October 1912 and was ended seven months later by the Treaty of London.",
"After five centuries, the Ottoman Empire lost virtually all of its possessions in the Balkans.",
"The Second Balkan War broke out on 16 June 1913.",
"Bulgaria was dissatisfied over the division of the spoils in Macedonia, made in secret by its former allies, Serbia and Greece, and attacked them.",
"The Serbian and Greek armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked into Bulgaria, while Romania and the Ottoman Empire also attacked Bulgaria and gained (or regained) territory.",
"In the resulting Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria lost most of the territories it had gained in the First Balkan War."
] | [] |
Costume design | What kind of fragments did they use for Bane's vest in the movie "The Dark Knight Rises" | The Dark Knight Rises | false | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"Costume design.",
"Costume designer Lindy Hemming explained that Bane uses a mask to inhale an analgesic gas, which, in director Christopher Nolan's words, \"keeps his pain just below the threshold so he can function.\"",
"In designing Bane's costume, Hemming needed it to look \"like an amalgam of all sorts of bits and pieces he cobbled together, as he passed through some very remote places.",
"We made parts of his vest, for example, from fragments of an old military tent.",
"His clothes are militaristic, but are not in any way a uniform.\"",
"Hemming also designed Bane's mask to look \"animalistic\".",
"Costume effects supervisor Graham Churchyard created a three-dimensional model of actor Tom Hardy's face and skull to design the mask, allowing the mask to perfectly conform to the contours of Hardy's face.",
"Hemming personally designed Bane's coat, which she admitted took two years to complete.",
"Taking inspiration from a Swedish army jacket and a frock coat from the French Revolution, it was designed to make Bane look like equal parts dictatorial and revolutionary.",
"The design was difficult as Hemming struggled to find a tailor in Los Angeles who could work with shearling.",
"The Batsuit consisted of 110 separate pieces, each of which had to be replicated dozens of times over the course of the production.",
"The base layer was made of a polyester mesh that is utilized by the military and high-tech sports manufacturers because of its breathability and moisture-wicking properties.",
"Molded pieces of flexible urethane were then attached to the mesh, to form the overall body armor plating.",
"Carbon fiber panels were placed inside the sections on the legs, chest and abdomen.",
"The cowl was sculpted from a cast of Bale's face and head to become a perfect fit for Christian Bale.",
"The suit remained unchanged for the film since \"The Dark Knight\".",
"In creating Selina Kyle's catsuit, two layers of material were used, with the outer layer being polyurethane coated spandex, embossed with a hexagonal pattern.",
"The catsuit also consisted of elbow-length gloves, a utility belt, and thigh-high boots with spike heels."
] | [
0
] |
In popular culture / Cover versions | Which metalcore band did a cover of this song? | Glad You Came | true | 0MUSIC
| [
6
] | [
" The song was being used to welcome the Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team (better known as the Red Lions) during the National Day Parade, 2012 in Singapore.",
"It was also covered on the TV show \"Glee\" by The Warblers, led by Grant Gustin, playing the character Sebastian Smythe.",
"It was covered on Kidz Bop 22.",
" The song was covered by the eleventh season top 10 on the 2012 summer tour as the finale song.",
"The song was also sung by the top 10 on twelfth season on the finale, May 16, 2013, where Candice Glover was crowned the \"American Idol\" winner.",
" \"Glad You Came\" was covered by Masha, on her YouTube channel on March 8, 2012.",
" American metalcore band We Came as Romans released a cover of this song for the compilation album Punk Goes Pop 5.",
" Megan Nicole has done a cover of the song on her YouTube channel."
] | [] |
History | When did the National Service Riots happen? | Singapore | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
22
] | [
"Temasek ('sea town'), a second century outpost of the Sumatran Srivijaya empire, is the earliest known settlement on Singapore.",
"The island was part of the Sri Vijaya Empire when it was invaded by the south Indian Emperor Rajendra Chola I of the Chola Empire in the 11th century.",
"In 1613, Portuguese raiders burned down the settlement and the island sank into obscurity for the next two centuries.",
"Nominally, it belonged to the Johor Sultanate during this period.",
"In 1819, Thomas Stamford Raffles arrived and signed a treaty with Sultan Hussein Shah of Johor on behalf of the British East India Company to develop the southern part of Singapore as a British trading post.",
"In 1824, the entire island became a British possession under a further treaty with the Sultan and the Temenggong.",
"In 1826, Singapore became part of the Straits Settlements, under the jurisdiction of British India, becoming the regional capital in 1836.",
"Before Raffles arrived, there were approximately 1,000 people living on the island, mostly indigenous Malays along with a handful of Chinese.",
"By 1860, the population exceeded 80,000 and more than half was Chinese.",
"Many immigrants came to work at rubber plantations and, after the 1870s, the island became a global centre for rubber exports.",
"During World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army invaded British Malaya, culminating in the Battle of Singapore.",
"The British were defeated, and surrendered on 15 February 1942.",
"British Prime Minister Winston Churchill called this \"the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history\".",
"The Sook Ching massacre of ethnic Chinese after the fall of Singapore claimed between 5,000 and 25,000 lives.",
"The Japanese occupied Singapore until the British repossessed it in September 1945, after the Surrender of Japan.",
"Singapore's first general election in 1955 was won by David Marshall, the pro-independence leader of the Labour Front.",
"He led a delegation to London to demand complete self-rule but was turned down by the British.",
"He subsequently resigned and was replaced by Lim Yew Hock, whose policies convinced Britain to grant Singapore full internal self-government for all matters except defence and foreign affairs.",
"During the May 1959 elections, the People's Action Party won a landslide victory.",
"Singapore became an internally self-governing state within the Commonwealth and Lee Kuan Yew became the country's first Prime Minister.",
"Governor Sir William Allmond Codrington Goode served as the first Yang di-Pertuan Negara (\"Head of State\"), and was succeeded by Yusof bin Ishak who became the first President of Singapore in 1965.",
"During the 1950s, Chinese Communists with strong ties to the trade unions and Chinese schools carried out an armed uprising against the government, leading to the Malayan Emergency and later, the Communist Insurgency War.",
"The 1954 National Service Riots, Chinese middle schools riots and Hock Lee bus riots in Singapore were all linked to these events."
] | [
2
] |
Foreign relations | What was the year of admittance into the UN for Italy? | Italy | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Italy is a founding member of the European Community, now the European Union (EU), and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).",
"Italy was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and it is a member and strong supporter of a wide number of international organizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Council of Europe, and the Central European Initiative.",
"Its recent turns in the rotating presidency of international organisations include the Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE), the forerunner of the OSCE, in 1994; G8; and the EU in 2009 and from July to December 2003.",
"Italy strongly supports multilateral international politics, endorsing the United Nations and its international security activities.",
"As of 2013, Italy was deploying 5,296 troops abroad, engaged in 33 UN and NATO missions in 25 countries of the world.",
"Italy deployed troops in support of UN peacekeeping missions in Somalia, Mozambique, and East Timor and provides support for NATO and UN operations in Bosnia, Kosovo and Albania.",
"Italy deployed over 2,000 troops in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) from February 2003.",
"Italy still supports international efforts to reconstruct and stabilize Iraq, but it had withdrawn its military contingent of some 3,200 troops by November 2006, maintaining only humanitarian operators and other civilian personnel.",
"In August 2006 Italy deployed about 2,450 troops in Lebanon for the United Nations' peacekeeping mission UNIFIL.",
"Italy is one of the largest financiers of the Palestinian National Authority, contributing € 60 million in 2013 alone."
] | [
0
] |
Luddites | The attackers supposedly followed whom? | Industrial Revolution | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
4
] | [
"The rapid industrialisation of the English economy cost many craft workers their jobs.",
"The movement started first with lace and hosiery workers near Nottingham and spread to other areas of the textile industry owing to early industrialisation.",
"Many weavers also found themselves suddenly unemployed since they could no longer compete with machines which only required relatively limited (and unskilled) labour to produce more cloth than a single weaver.",
"Many such unemployed workers, weavers and others, turned their animosity towards the machines that had taken their jobs and began destroying factories and machinery.",
"These attackers became known as Luddites, supposedly followers of Ned Ludd, a folklore figure.",
"The first attacks of the Luddite movement began in 1811.",
"The Luddites rapidly gained popularity, and the British government took drastic measures, using the militia or army to protect industry.",
"Those rioters who were caught were tried and hanged, or transported for life.",
"Unrest continued in other sectors as they industrialised as well, such as with agricultural labourers in the 1830s when large parts of southern Britain were affected by the Captain Swing disturbances.",
"Threshing machines were a particular target, and hayrick burning was a popular activity.",
"However, the riots led to the first formation of trade unions, and further pressure for reform."
] | [] |
Provinces and cities | What is the population of Tabriz? | Iran | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
17
] | [
"Iran is divided into thirty one provinces (\"ostān\"), each governed by an appointed governor (استاندار, ostāndār).",
"The provinces are divided into counties (\"shahrestān\"), and subdivided into districts (\"bakhsh\") and sub-districts (\"dehestān\").",
"Iran has one of the highest urban growth rates in the world.",
"From 1950 to 2002, the urban proportion of the population increased from 27% to 60%.",
"The United Nations predicts that by 2030, 80% of the population will be urban.",
"Most internal migrants have settled near the cities of Tehran, Isfahan, Ahvaz, and Qom.",
"The listed populations are from the 2006/07 (1385 AP) census.",
"Tehran, with a population of 7,705,036, is the largest city in Iran and is the capital.",
"Tehran, like many big cities, suffers from severe air pollution.",
"It is the hub of the country's communication and transport network.",
"Mashhad, with a population of 2,410,800, is the second largest Iranian city and the centre of the Razavi Khorasan Province.",
"Mashhad is one of the holiest Shia cities in the world as it is the site of the Imam Reza shrine.",
"It is the centre of tourism in Iran, and between 15 and 20 million pilgrims go to the Imam Reza's shrine every year.",
"Another major Iranian city is Isfahan (population 1,583,609), which is the capital of Isfahan Province.",
"The Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.",
"The city contains a wide variety of Islamic architectural sites ranging from the 11th to the 19th century.",
"The growth of the suburban area around the city has turned Isfahan into Iran's second most populous metropolitan area (3,430,353).",
"The fourth major city of Iran is Tabriz (population 1,378,935), the capital of the East Azerbaijan Province.",
"It is also the second industrial city of Iran after Tehran.",
"Tabriz had been the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s and one of its former capitals and residence of the crown prince under the Qajar dynasty.",
"The city has proven extremely influential in the country’s recent history.",
"The fifth major city is Karaj (population 1,377,450), located in Alborz Province and situated 20 km west of Tehran, at the foot of the Alborz mountains; however, the city is increasingly becoming an extension of metropolitan Tehran.",
"The sixth major Iranian city is Shiraz (population 1,214,808); it is the capital of Fars Province.",
"The Elamite civilization to the west greatly influenced the area, which soon came to be known as Persis.",
"The ancient Persians were present in the region from about the 9th century BCE, and became rulers of a large empire under the Achaemenid dynasty in the 6th century BCE.",
"The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located in or near Shiraz.",
"Persepolis was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire and is situated northeast of modern Shiraz.",
"UNESCO declared the citadel of Persepolis a World Heritage Site in 1979."
] | [
0
] |
Production | Who confirmed the date of filming for the sequel to Before Sunset? | Before Midnight (film) | true | 6MOVIES
| [
5
] | [
"Linklater, Hawke, and Delpy all had suggested the possibility of a sequel to \"Before Sunset\".",
"In a video interview in November 2011, Hawke said that he, Delpy and Linklater \"have been talking a lot in the last six months.",
"All three of us have been having similar feelings, that we're kind of ready to revisit those characters.",
"There's nine years between the first two movies and, if we made the film next summer, it would be nine years again, so we started thinking that would be a good thing to do.",
"So we're going to try and write it this year.",
"\"In June 2012, Hawke confirmed that the sequel to \"Before Sunset\" would be filmed in summer 2012.",
"Soon after, Delpy denied filming would take place in 2012, stating that they were still only writing the script and that filming would not take place until \"sometime in the next year, year and a half.\"",
"However, in August 2012, numerous reports emerged from Messenia, Greece, that the film was in fact being shot there.",
"When asked about the reports, this time Hawke stated that he, Delpy and Linklater were in Greece only to write the film, telling MTV News that \"we're here writing a third installment to \"Before Sunrise\".",
"If it works out, we'll film it, and if it doesn't, we won't.",
"It's not really worth talking about.",
"I'm just here developing.\"",
"However, Hawke and Delpy's denial was proven to be a ruse when the completion of filming of the new movie, titled \"Before Midnight\", was announced on September 5, 2012.",
"Linklater later revealed that after 10 weeks of writing and rehearsing, the film was made in 15 days for less than $3 million, and he aimed to take it to a film festival in early 2013."
] | [
3
] |
Team officials | What is the number of team timeouts that are allowed per period? | Handball | true | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
"Each team is allowed to have a maximum of four team officials seated on the benches.",
"An official is anybody who is neither player nor substitute.",
"One official must be the designated representative who is usually the team manager.",
"The representative may call a team timeout once every period and may address the scorekeeper, timekeeper, and referees.",
"As of 2012, the representative may call a total of three team timeouts, with a maximum of two per period.",
"Other officials typically include physicians or managers.",
"Neither official is allowed to enter the playing court without the permission of the referees."
] | [
0
] |
In the studio | Who produced "I Want to Hold Your Hand" of The Beatles? | I Want to Hold Your Hand | false | 0MUSIC
| [
9
] | [
"The Beatles started recording \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" at EMI Studios in Studio 2 on 17 October 1963.",
"This song, along with the single's flip side, \"This Boy\", was the first Beatles song to be recorded with four-track technology.",
"The two songs were recorded on the same day, and each needed seventeen takes to complete.",
"Also, the Beatles were experimenting with organ-sounding guitars, which was achieved by extreme compression on John Lennon's rhythm guitar.",
"Mono and stereo mixing was done by George Martin on 21 October 1963; further stereo mixes were done on 8 June 1965, for compilations released by EMI affiliates in Australia and the Netherlands, and on 7 November 1966.",
"\"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" was one of two Beatles songs (along with \"She Loves You\" as \"\"Sie liebt dich\"\") to be later recorded in German, entitled \"Komm, gib mir deine Hand\".",
"Both songs were translated by Luxembourger musician Camillo Felgen, under the pseudonym of \"Jean Nicolas\".",
"Odeon, the German arm of EMI (the parent company of the Beatles' record label, Parlophone) was convinced that the Beatles' records would not sell in Germany unless they were sung in German.",
"The Beatles detested the idea, and when they were due to record the German version on 27 January 1964 at EMI's Pathe Marconi Studios in Paris (where the Beatles were performing 18 days of concerts at the Olympia Theatre) they chose to boycott the session.",
"Their record producer, George Martin, having waited some hours for them to show up, was outraged and insisted that they give it a try.",
"Two days later, the Beatles recorded \"Komm, gib mir deine Hand\", one of the few times in their career that they recorded outside of London.",
"However, Martin later conceded: \"They were right, actually, it wasn’t necessary for them to record in German, but they weren’t graceless, they did a good job\".",
"\"Komm, gib mir deine Hand\" appeared in full stereo in the United States on the Capitol LP \"Something New\" and years later on the Capitol CD compilation called \"The Capitol Albums, Volume 1\".",
"The German-language track was a big hit in Germany at the time, but today, like all the other German-lyrics versions of English-language pop songs that were popular in that country during the 1950s and 1960s, it is generally considered as a cultural curiosity from a by-gone era at best.",
"The English versions are much better known in Germany today; the Beatles' Red and Blue albums of the 1970s already featured the English hits on the German pressings."
] | [
3
] |
Potentials | How are potentials used? | Thermodynamics | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"Thermodynamic potentials are different quantitative measures of the stored energy in a system.",
"Potentials are used to measure energy changes in systems as they evolve from an initial state to a final state.",
"The potential used depends on the constraints of the system, such as constant temperature or pressure.",
"For example, the Helmholtz and Gibbs energies are the energies available in a system to do useful work when the temperature and volume or the pressure and temperature are fixed, respectively.",
"The five most well known potentials are:where formula_1 is the temperature, formula_2 the entropy, formula_3 the pressure, formula_4 the volume, formula_5 the chemical potential, formula_6 the number of particles in the system, and formula_7 is the count of particles types in the system.",
"Thermodynamic potentials can be derived from the energy balance equation applied to a thermodynamic system.",
"Other thermodynamic potentials can also be obtained through Legendre transformation."
] | [
5
] |
Traditional tacos | Where did tacos de pescado ("fish tacos") orginiate? | Taco | false | 9FOOD
| [
18
] | [
"There are many traditional varieties of tacos:",
" Tacos de Asador (\"spit\" or \"grill\" tacos) may be composed of any of the following: \"carne asada tacos\"; tacos de tripita (\"tripe tacos\"), grilled until crisp; and, \"chorizo asado\" (traditional Spanish style sausage).",
"Each type is served on two overlapped small tortillas and sometimes garnished with guacamole, salsa, onions, and cilantro.",
"Also prepared on the grill is a sandwiched taco called \"mulita\" (\"little mule\") made with meat served between two tortillas and garnished with Oaxaca style cheese.",
"\"\"Mulita\"\" is used to describe these types of sandwiched tacos in the Northern States of Mexico, while they are known as Gringa in the Mexican south and are prepared using wheat flour tortillas.",
"Tacos may also be served with salsa.",
" Tacos de Cabeza or head tacos, in which there is a flat punctured metal plate from which steam emerges to cook the head of the cow.",
"These include: \"Cabeza\", a serving of the muscles of the head; \"Sesos\" (\"brains\"); \"Lengua\" (\"tongue\"); \"Cachete\" (\"cheeks\"); \"Trompa\" (\"lips\"); and, \"Ojo\" (\"eye\").",
"Tortillas for these tacos are warmed on the same steaming plate for a different consistency.",
"These tacos are typically served in pairs, and also include salsa, onion and cilantro with occasional use of guacamole.",
" Tacos de Cazo for which a metal bowl filled with lard is typically used as a deep-fryer.",
"Meats for these types of tacos typically include: \"Tripa\" (\"tripe\", usually from a pig instead of a cow); \"Suadero\" (tender beef cuts), \"Carnitas\" and \"Buche\" (Literally, \"\"crop\"\", as in \"bird's crop\"; here, it is fried pig's esophagus.",
")",
" Tacos sudados (\"sweaty tacos\") are made by filling soft tortillas with a spicy meat mixture, then placing them in a basket covered with cloth.",
"The covering keeps the tacos warm and traps steam (\"sweat\") which softens them.",
" Tacos Al pastor/De Adobada (\"shepherd style\") are made of thin pork steaks seasoned with adobo seasoning, then skewered and overlapped on one another on a vertical rotisserie cooked and flame-broiled as it spins.",
" Tacos dorados (fried tacos, literally, \"golden tacos\") called \"flauta\"s (\"flute\", because of the shape), or taquitos, for which the tortillas are filled with pre-cooked shredded chicken, beef or \"barbacoa\", rolled into an elongated cylinder and deep-fried until crisp.",
"They are sometimes cooked in a microwave oven or broiled.",
" Tacos de pescado (\"fish tacos\") originated in Baja California in Mexico, where they consist of grilled or fried fish, lettuce or cabbage, pico de gallo, and a sour cream or citrus/mayonnaise sauce, all placed on top of a corn or flour tortilla.",
"In the United States, they were first popularized by the Rubio's fast-food chain, and remain most popular in California, Colorado, and Washington.",
"In California, they are often found at street vendors, and a regional variation is to serve them with cabbage and coleslaw dressing on top.",
" Tacos de camarones (\"shrimp tacos\") also originated in Baja California in Mexico.",
"Grilled or fried shrimp are used, usually with the same accompaniments as fish tacos: lettuce or cabbage, pico de gallo, avocado and a sour cream or citrus/mayonnaise sauce, all placed on top of a corn or flour tortilla.",
"As an accompaniment to tacos, many taco stands will serve whole or sliced red radishes, lime slices, salt, pickled or grilled chilis (hot peppers), and occasionally cucumber slices, or grilled cambray onions."
] | [
4
] |
Free shuttles | How often is there a free shuttle between Trump International Hotel and The Forum Shops? | Las Vegas Strip | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
10,
11
] | [
"Some of the shuttles have a policy requiring a room key from an affiliated casino.",
"Enforcement of these policies may vary.",
" Between Harrah's and the Rio.",
"Approximately every 30 minutes.",
" Between Sam's Town and Bill's Gamblin' Hall, Harrah's, Riviera, and Tropicana.",
"Approximately every hour and a half.",
" Between Paris/Bally's and the Rio.",
"Approximately every 30 minutes.",
" Between Hard Rock and the Fashion Show Mall.",
"Leaves the Hard Rock every 60 minutes on the hour.",
" Between Trump International Hotel and The Forum Shops at Caesars Palace.",
"Leaves the Trump Las Vegas every 15 minutes.",
" Between Trump International Hotel and the Wynn.",
"Leaves the Trump Las Vegas every 15 minutes."
] | [
5
] |
Cinema and media | Who are two of the main producers of Spanish language media content in the world? | Mexico | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
8,
9
] | [
"Mexican films from the Golden Age in the 1940s and 1950s are the greatest examples of Latin American cinema, with a huge industry comparable to the Hollywood of those years.",
"Mexican films were exported and exhibited in all of Latin America and Europe.",
"Maria Candelaria (1944) by Emilio Fernández, was one of the first films awarded a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1946, the first time the event was held after World War II.",
"The famous Spanish-born director Luis Buñuel realized in Mexico, between 1947 to 1965 some of him master pieces like Los Olvidados (1949), Viridiana (1961) and El angel exterminador (1963).",
"Famous actors and actresses from this period include María Félix, Pedro Infante, Dolores del Río, Jorge Negrete and the comedian Cantinflas.",
"More recently, films such as Como agua para chocolate (1992), Cronos (1993), Y tu mamá también (2001), and Pan's Labyrinth (2006) have been successful in creating universal stories about contemporary subjects, and were internationally recognised, as in the prestigious Cannes Film Festival.",
"Mexican directors Alejandro González Iñárritu (Amores perros, Babel), Alfonso Cuarón (Children of Men, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban), Guillermo del Toro, Carlos Carrera (The Crime of Father Amaro), and screenwriter Guillermo Arriaga are some of the most known present-day film makers.",
"Two of the major television networks based in Mexico are Televisa and TV Azteca.",
"Televisa is also the largest producer of Spanish-language content in the world and also the world's largest Spanish-language media network.",
"Grupo Multimedios is another media conglomerate with Spanish-language broadcasting in Mexico, Spain, and the United States.",
"The \"telenovelas\" are very traditional in Mexico and are translated to many languages and seen all over the world with renowned names like Verónica Castro, Lucía Méndez, Lucero, and Thalía."
] | [
3
] |
Production | Who provided guest vocals on "We Are Young" because of his/her friendship with Bhasker? | We Are Young | false | 0MUSIC
| [
13
] | [
"After the poor commercial performance of their debut album, \"Aim and Ignite\", Fun decided to put Jeff Bhasker as producer for their second studio effort.",
"The band's frontman, Nate Ruess, met with Bhasker at his hotel in New York City in February 2011.",
"Ruess was anxious about meeting Bhasker, so he arrived early at the bar in the Bowery Hotel on the Lower East Side \"and had a little to drink just to make sure I was loosened up.\"",
"According to Bhasker, he wasn't really wanting to meet the band, as he \"was working with Beyoncé, and also with Alicia, Kanye and Jay-Z, and doing this had been a big goal in my life.",
"I had no intention of being distracted.",
"\"Bhasker had just finished a long day in the studio with Beyoncé, and had decided to give Ruess 10 minutes.",
"He had previously already canceled two meetings with him.",
"The two began talking about music, and Ruess' desire to merge hip-hop beats and electronic effects with pop rock intrigued Bhasker, who invited Ruess up to his hotel room to show him some Beyoncé tracks he had been working on.",
"\"Slightly tipsy and feeling inspired,\" Ruess belted out the chorus for \"We Are Young,\" which at that time was an unfinished composition.",
"Bhasker was taken aback and automatically \"freaked out,\" demanding he see the band for studio time \"in the next few days.\"",
"The next day, Bhasker and Ruess booked a New York studio and cut a version of \"We Are Young\" not far from the final version of the track.",
"On the first day of recording at Jungle City, Bhasker programmed the drums on his Akai MPC3000 machine, a moog bass and \"maybe using my little Juno 106, and we added vocals and piano.",
"We worked for many more days on it afterwards, but the core of the final version of the song was recorded on that first day.” After the Jungle City sessions, more vocal, guitar and piano tracks were recorded at Electric Ladyland Studios, and from there sessions continued at Enormous Studios in Los Angeles, The Village Recorder to track the children's choir, and Abbey Road Studios to record the orchestral arrangements.",
"The band invited Janelle Monáe to provide guest vocals on \"We Are Young\" through her friendship with Bhasker.",
"After being played the song, Monáe was enthused about the song and recorded her vocals in Bristol, England.",
"Bhasker further mixed the song in a 44.1 kHz/24-bit Pro Tools HD session at the course of almost two weeks, and the stereo mix was mastered using a L2 limiter and an API 550 EQ.",
"When Bhasker multitracked Ruess' vocals for the chorus, he noticed that it \"had a Queen/Freddie Mercury vibe to it.\"",
"Guitarist Jack Antonoff called \"We Are Young\" the \"bull's-eye center\" of the sound the band was striving for while producing \"Some Nights.\"",
"The song displays the influences brought by Jeff Bhasker and hip-hop music.",
"Antonoff agreed with the notion that the song was their de facto anthem: \"It's pretty rare, because any other projects that we've done, I don't think any of us have ever had that song that was like, 'This is our band,'\" Antonoff said.",
"\"We're proud to say, 'Listen to this one song, and then come listen to the rest.",
"Here it is.'\""
] | [
3
] |
States and processes | Which thermodynamic reasoning approach did the founders of thermodynamics favor? | Thermodynamics | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
"There are three fundamental kinds of entity in thermodynamics, states of a system, processes of a system, and thermodynamic operations.",
"This allows three fundamental approaches to thermodynamic reasoning, that in terms of states of thermodynamic equilibrium of a system, and that in terms of time-invariant processes of a system, and that in terms of cyclic processes of a system.",
"The approach through states of thermodynamic equilibrium of a system requires a full account of the state of the system as well as a notion of process from one state to another of a system, but may require only an idealized or partial account of the state of the surroundings of the system or of other systems.",
"The method of description in terms of states of thermodynamic equilibrium has limitations.",
"For example, processes in a region of turbulent flow, or in a burning gas mixture, or in a Knudsen gas may be beyond \"the province of thermodynamics\".",
"This problem can sometimes be circumvented through the method of description in terms of cyclic or of time-invariant flow processes.",
"This is part of the reason why the founders of thermodynamics often preferred the cyclic process description.",
"Approaches through processes of time-invariant flow of a system are used for some studies.",
"Some processes, for example Joule-Thomson expansion, are studied through steady-flow experiments, but can be accounted for by distinguishing the steady bulk flow kinetic energy from the internal energy, and thus can be regarded as within the scope of classical thermodynamics defined in terms of equilibrium states or of cyclic processes.",
"Other flow processes, for example thermoelectric effects, are essentially defined by the presence of differential flows or diffusion so that they cannot be adequately accounted for in terms of equilibrium states or classical cyclic processes.",
"The notion of a cyclic process does not require a full account of the state of the system, but does require a full account of how the process occasions transfers of matter and energy between the principal system (which is often called the \"working body\") and its surroundings, which must include at least two heat reservoirs at different known and fixed temperatures, one hotter than the principal system and the other colder than it, as well as a reservoir that can receive energy from the system as work and can do work on the system.",
"The reservoirs can alternatively be regarded as auxiliary idealized component systems, alongside the principal system.",
"Thus an account in terms of cyclic processes requires at least four contributory component systems.",
"The independent variables of this account are the amounts of energy that enter and leave the idealized auxiliary systems.",
"In this kind of account, the working body is often regarded as a \"black box\", and its own state is not specified.",
"In this approach, the notion of a properly numerical scale of empirical temperature is a presupposition of thermodynamics, not a notion constructed by or derived from it."
] | [] |
East Europe breaks away | When the the Berlin Wall fall? | Cold War | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
6
] | [
"By 1989, the Soviet alliance system was on the brink of collapse, and, deprived of Soviet military support, the Communist leaders of the Warsaw Pact states were losing power.",
"Grassroots organizations, such as Poland's Solidarity movement, rapidly gained ground with strong popular bases.",
"In 1989, the Communist governments in Poland and Hungary became the first to negotiate the organizing of competitive elections.",
"In Czechoslovakia and East Germany, mass protests unseated entrenched Communist leaders.",
"The Communist regimes in Bulgaria and Romania also crumbled, in the latter case as the result of a violent uprising.",
"Attitudes had changed enough that US Secretary of State James Baker suggested that the American government would not be opposed to Soviet intervention in Romania, on behalf of the opposition, to prevent bloodshed.",
"The tidal wave of change culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European Communist governments and graphically ended the Iron Curtain divide of Europe.",
"The 1989 revolutionary wave swept across Central and Eastern Europe peacefully overthrew all the Soviet-style communist states: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria, Romania was the only Eastern-bloc country to topple its communist regime violently and execute its head of state."
] | [
2
] |
Experimental observations of photoelectric emission | What does the theory of photoelectric effect tell us? | Photoelectric effect | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"The theory of the photoelectric effect must explain the experimental observations of the emission of electrons from an illuminated metal surface.",
"For a given metal, there exists a certain minimum frequency of incident radiation below which no photoelectrons are emitted.",
"This frequency is called the \"threshold frequency\".",
"Increasing the frequency of the incident beam, keeping the number of incident photons fixed (this would result in a proportionate increase in energy) increases the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted.",
"Thus the stopping voltage increases.",
"The number of electrons also changes because the probability that each photon results in an emitted electron is a function of photon energy.",
"If the intensity of the incident radiation is increased, there is no effect on the kinetic energies of the photoelectrons.",
"Above the threshold frequency, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectron depends on the frequency of the incident light, but is independent of the intensity of the incident light so long as the latter is not too high.",
"For a given metal and frequency of incident radiation, the rate at which photoelectrons are ejected is directly proportional to the intensity of the incident light.",
"Increase in intensity of incident beam (keeping the frequency fixed) increases the magnitude of the photoelectric current, though stopping voltage remains the same.",
"The time lag between the incidence of radiation and the emission of a photoelectron is very small, less than 10−9 second.",
"The direction of distribution of emitted electrons peaks in the direction of polarization (the direction of the electric field) of the incident light, if it is linearly polarized."
] | [
0
] |
On other planets | What date was the aurora detected? | Aurora | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
12
] | [
"",
"[[Image:Saturns Northern Aurora still.jpg|thumb|An aurora high above the northern part of Saturn; image taken by the Cassini spacecraft,a movie (click on image), shows images from 81 hours of observations of Saturn's aurora]]Both Jupiter and Saturn have magnetic fields much stronger than Earth's (Jupiter's equatorial field strength is 4.3 gauss, compared to 0.3 gauss for Earth), and both have large radiation belts.",
"Auroras have been observed on both, most clearly with the Hubble Space Telescope.",
"Uranus and Neptune have also been observed to have auroras.",
"The auroras on the gas giants seem, like Earth's, to be powered by the solar wind.",
"In addition, however, Jupiter's moons, especially Io, are powerful sources of auroras on Jupiter.",
"These arise from electric currents along field lines (\"field aligned currents\"), generated by a dynamo mechanism due to the relative motion between the rotating planet and the moving moon.",
"Io, which has active volcanism and an ionosphere, is a particularly strong source, and its currents also generate radio emissions, studied since 1955.",
"Auroras also have been observed on the surfaces of Io, Europa, and Ganymede, using the Hubble Space Telescope.",
"These auroras have also been observed on Venus and Mars.",
"Because Venus has no intrinsic (planetary) magnetic field, Venusian auroras appear as bright and diffuse patches of varying shape and intensity, sometimes distributed across the full planetary disc.",
"Venusian auroras are produced by the impact of electrons originating from the solar wind and precipitating in the night-side atmosphere.",
"An aurora was also detected on Mars, on 14 August 2004, by the SPICAM instrument aboard Mars Express.",
"The aurora was located at Terra Cimmeria, in the region of 177° East, 52° South.",
"The total size of the emission region was about 30 km across, and possibly about 8 km high.",
"By analyzing a map of crustal magnetic anomalies compiled with data from Mars Global Surveyor, scientists observed that the region of the emissions corresponded to an area where the strongest magnetic field is localized.",
"This correlation indicates that the origin of the light emission was a flux of electrons moving along the crust magnetic lines and exciting the upper atmosphere of Mars."
] | [
0
] |
Founding of the Kodokan | Kano gave out first grades in which year? | Judo | true | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
"In February 1882, Kano founded a school and dojo at the , a Buddhist temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo (now the Higashi Ueno district of Taitō ward).",
"Iikubo, Kano's \"Kitō-ryū\" instructor, attended the dojo three days a week to help teach and, although two years would pass before the temple would be called by the name , and Kano had not yet received his in \"Kitō-ryū\", this is now regarded as the Kodokan founding.",
"The \"Eisho-ji\" dojo was a relatively small affair, consisting of a twelve mat training area.",
"Kano took in resident and non-resident students, the first two being Tsunejiro Tomita and Shiro Saigo.",
"In August, the following year, the pair were granted grades, the first that had been awarded in any martial art."
] | [] |
Personnel | Paul McCartney was lead vocals for what band? | Hey Jude | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"Paul McCartney – lead vocal, piano, bass",
"John Lennon – backing vocal, acoustic guitar",
"George Harrison – backing vocal, electric guitar",
"Ringo Starr – backing vocal, drums, tambourine",
"Uncredited – 10 violins, three violas, three cellos, two double basses, two flutes, two clarinets, one bass clarinet, one bassoon, one contrabassoon, four trumpets, two horns, four trombones, and one percussion instrument.",
"EMI archives do not record the names of the studio musicians, but it has been established that one of the cellists was Bobby Kok, and two of the flautists were Bill Jackman and Brian Warren.",
"Personnel per Ian MacDonald and Mark Lewisohn."
] | [
0
] |
Department of Asia | Which museum has the most comprehensive collection of Indian sculptures? | British Museum | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
"The scope of the Department of Asia is extremely broad, its collections of over 75,000 objects covers the material culture of the whole Asian continent (from East, South, Central and South-East Asia) and from the Neolithic up to the present day.",
"Key highlights of the collections include:",
"The most comprehensive collection of sculpture from the Indian subcontinent in the world, including the celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs from Amaravati",
"An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, and porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, and other applied arts",
"A fine collection of Buddhist paintings from Dunhuang and the Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi (344–406 AD)",
"The most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art in the Western world",
"The famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold and silver figures from west Borneo",
"Statue of Tara from Sri Lanka",
"The Kulu Vase found near the Gandhola Monastery in Himachel Pradesh",
"The Wardak Vase with its important Kharoshthi inscription",
"The colossal Amitābha Buddha from Hancui, China",
"Seated Luohan from Yixian, one from a set of eight surviving statues",
"Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels from the Eastern Zhou Period",
"Bronze bell from Klang, Malaysia",
"Bracket figure from one of the gateways to the Great Stupa, Sanchi"
] | [] |
Service | A hit that is long, high arched, and goes to the back corner of the court is called what? | Racquetball | true | 4SPORT
| [
18
] | [
"Shots of the game.",
"Serve style varies drastically from player to player.",
"Generally, they are divided into two types: offensive and defensive.",
"Most players use an offensive serve for the first serve, and a defensive serve if they need to hit a second serve.",
"Of the offensive serves, the most common is the drive.",
"The intention with this serve is for the ball to travel low and fast towards either back corner, and to bounce twice before striking either side wall or the back wall.",
"If the opponent is adjusting to the drive serve, the server will throw in any variety of jam serves.",
"A \"jam serve\" is an offensive serve which attempts to catch the opponent off balance by making use of difficult angles and unfrequented play space.",
"The most common jam serve is the Z-serve, which strikes the front wall close to a side wall.",
"The ball bounces quickly off the side wall, then strikes the floor and then the opposite side wall about 30–35 feet back.",
"Depending upon the spin the server gives the Z-serve, the resulting carom may prove unpredictable and difficult to return.",
"Side spin may cause the ball to bounce parallel to the back wall.",
"A \"pinch serve\" is similar to a drive serve; however, the ball strikes a side wall very low and close to the serving box.",
"With the appropriate spin, the ball has little bounce, and is difficult to return.",
"It is possible that a successful serve would strike the sidewall before the short line, and land on the floor after the short line.",
"If the player faults on the first serve, they will usually hit a defensive serve.",
"Defensive serves do not usually garner aces, but they are designed to generate a weak return by the opponent, thereby setting up the server to win the point.",
"Most defensive serves are any variety of lob serves.",
"A plain lob serve is a ball hit with a long, high arch into either back corner.",
"The goal is to hit the ball so that it lands as close as possible to the back wall, giving the opponent very little room to hit a solid return.",
"A junk lob takes a shallower arch, and lands close to the side wall somewhere between the dotted line and the back wall.",
"This lob is intended to deceive the opponent into thinking he has an easy kill.",
"However, since the ball is in the deep zone, it will more likely set up the server for an offensive shot."
] | [
0
] |
Season 3 | In which day Barney slapped as third time? | How I Met Your Mother | true | 1TV
| [
5
] | [
"Barney begins the season with the word, \"-dary!\"",
"Robin returns from a trip to Argentina with her new boyfriend, Gael (Enrique Iglesias), and Ted must adjust to life as just her friend, while watching Robin and Gael fawning over each other.",
"Marshall and Lily decide to move out on their own, falling in love with a place they cannot afford.",
"Robin learns of Lily's bad credit rating due to her compulsive shopping for designer brands, and forces Lily to tell Marshall.",
"Despite this, they are able to finally secure their dream apartment, only to discover it's in a bad location and more poorly constructed than they thought (the floor is tilted).",
"Barney is slapped for the third time on Thanksgiving, which Marshall dubs \"Slapsgiving.",
"\"Ted tells his children he met their mother through a story concerning her yellow umbrella.",
"He finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St. Patrick's Day party where his future wife was, although they did not meet.",
"Ted attempts to woo Stella (Sarah Chalke), a dermatologist he sees to remove an embarrassing butterfly tattoo.",
"This culminates in a memorable \"two-minute date,\" which incorporates small talk, dinner, a movie, coffee, two cab rides, and a goodnight kiss, all within two minutes.",
"Robin sleeps with Barney after he comforts her following a break-up with a past Canadian love; Ted is infuriated, and decides to stop being friends with Barney.",
"Meanwhile, an unknown woman begins to sabotage Barney's attempts to hook up.",
"His saboteur is revealed to be Abby (Britney Spears), Stella's receptionist, with a vendetta against him for not calling her after they had sex.",
"In the season finale, Ted gets into a car accident and ends up in hospital, Subsequently Barney gets hit by a bus on the way to visit him and ends up receiving treatment in the same hospital.",
"Ted realizes Barney really cares about him and they renew their friendship.",
"It is revealed Barney has true feelings for Robin, while Ted proposes to Stella in an arcade."
] | [] |
Controversies | What day was Harwit forced to resign? | National Air and Space Museum | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
5
] | [
"Controversy erupted in March 1994 over a proposed commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Japan.",
"The centerpiece of the exhibit was the \"Enola Gay\", the B-29 bomber that dropped the A-bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.",
"Veterans' groups, led by the Air Force Association and The Retired Officers Association, argued strongly that the exhibit's inclusion of Japanese accounts and photographs of victims politicized the exhibit and insulted U.S. airmen.",
"Also disputed was the predicted number of U.S. casualties that would have resulted from an invasion of Japan, had that been necessary, after the museum director, Martin O. Harwit, unilaterally reduced the figure by 75% on January 9, 1995, at the height of the dispute.",
"On January 18 the American Legion called for a congressional investigation of the matter, and on January 24, 1995, 81 members of Congress called for Harwit's resignation.",
"Harwit was forced to resign on May 2.",
"Although the exhibit was \"radically reduced\" and criticized by the \"New York Times\" as \"the most diminished display in Smithsonian history,\" the Air and Space Museum placed the forward fuselage of the \"Enola Gay\" and other items on display as part of a non-political historical exhibition.",
"Within a year, it had drawn more than a million visitors, making it the most popular special exhibition in the history of the NASM, and when the exhibition closed in May 1998, it had drawn nearly four million visitors.",
"On October 8, 2011, the museum was temporarily closed after demonstrators associated with the Occupy D.C. demonstration attempted to enter the museum.",
"Some protesters were pepper sprayed by museum security after a guard was pinned against a wall.",
"One woman was arrested.",
"On December 5, 2013, Smithsonian food workers protested about a living wage.",
"A journalist was detained for filming."
] | [
0
] |
Robert F. Kennedy speech | What office did kennedy run for in 1968? | Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"A speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. was given on April 4, 1968, by New York Senator Robert F. Kennedy (who was himself assassinated two months later).",
"Kennedy was campaigning for the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination and had spoken at the University of Notre Dame and Ball State University earlier that day.",
"Before boarding a plane to fly to Indianapolis for one last campaign speech in a predominantly black neighborhood of the city he learned that Martin Luther King had been shot, leading Kennedy press secretary Frank Mankiewicz to suggest that he ask the audience to pray for the King family and ask them to follow King's deeply held belief in non-violence.",
"They did not learn that King was dead until they landed in Indianapolis.",
"Both Mankiewicz and speechwriter Adam Walinsky drafted notes immediately before the rally for Kennedy's use, but Kennedy refused Walinsky's notes, instead using some that he had likely written on the ride over; Mankiewicz arrived after Kennedy had already begun to speak.",
"Prior to arriving at the rally, the Chief of Police in Indianapolis told Kennedy that he could not provide protection and that giving the remarks would be too dangerous, but Kennedy decided to go ahead regardless.",
"Standing on a podium mounted on a flatbed truck, Kennedy spoke for just four minutes and fifty-seven seconds.",
"Robert F. Kennedy was the first to inform the audience of the death of Martin Luther King, causing some in the audience to scream and wail.",
"Several of Kennedy's aides were even worried that the delivery of this information would result in a riot.",
"Once the audience quieted down, Kennedy acknowledged that many in the audience would be filled with anger.",
"But then Kennedy went on: \"For those of you who are black and are tempted to fill with -- be filled with hatred and mistrust of the injustice of such an act, against all white people, I would only say that I can also feel in my own heart the same kind of feeling.",
"I had a member of my family killed, but he was killed by a white man.\"",
"These remarks surprised Kennedy aides, who had never heard him speak publicly of John F. Kennedy's death.",
"Kennedy continued, saying that the country had to make an effort to \"go beyond these rather difficult times,\" and then quoted a poem by the Greek playwright Aeschylus, on the theme of the wisdom that comes, against one's will, from pain.",
"To conclude, Kennedy said that the country needed and wanted unity between blacks and whites, asked the audience members to pray for the King family and the country, and once more quoted the ancient Greeks.",
"The speech was credited in part with preventing post-assassination rioting in Indianapolis where it was given, though there were riots in many other parts of the country.",
"It is widely considered one of the greatest speeches in American history."
] | [
0
] |
New states under war zone | During which year(s) did the Russian army withdraw from the Caucasus front? | World War I | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"In the late spring of 1918, three new states were formed in the South Caucasus: the First Republic of Armenia, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and the Democratic Republic of Georgia, which declared their independence from the Russian Empire.",
"Two other minor entities were established, the Centrocaspian Dictatorship and South West Caucasian Republic (the former was liquidated by Azerbaijan in the autumn of 1918 and the latter by a joint Armenian-British task force in early 1919).",
"With the withdrawal of the Russian armies from the Caucasus front in the winter of 1917–18, the three major republics braced for an imminent Ottoman advance, which commenced in the early months of 1918.",
"Solidarity was briefly maintained when the Transcaucasian Federative Republic was created in the spring of 1918, but this collapsed in May, when the Georgians asked and received protection from Germany and the Azerbaijanis concluded a treaty with the Ottoman Empire that was more akin to a military alliance.",
"Armenia was left to fend for itself and struggled for five months against the threat of a full-fledged occupation by the Ottoman Turks."
] | [] |
Horticultural | What has been cloned for science? | Cloning | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2,
3
] | [
"The term \"clone\" is used in horticulture to refer to descendants of a single plant which were produced by vegetative reproduction or apomixis.",
"Many horticultural plant cultivars are clones, having been derived from a single individual, multiplied by some process other than sexual reproduction.",
"As an example, some European cultivars of grapes represent clones that have been propagated for over two millennia.",
"Other examples are potato and banana.",
"Grafting can be regarded as cloning, since all the shoots and branches coming from the graft are genetically a clone of a single individual, but this particular kind of cloning has not come under ethical scrutiny and is generally treated as an entirely different kind of operation.",
"Many trees, shrubs, vines, ferns and other herbaceous perennials form clonal colonies naturally.",
"Parts of an individual plant may become detached by fragmentation and grow on to become separate clonal individuals.",
"A common example is in the vegetative reproduction of moss and liverwort gametophyte clones by means of gemmae.",
"Some vascular plants e.g.",
"dandelion and certain viviparous grasses also form seeds asexually, termed apomixis, resulting in clonal populations of genetically identical individuals."
] | [
0
] |
Critical reception | Who ranked "Tiny Bubbles" fifth on his "Top 10 Episodes of 2009" list? | Nurse Jackie | false | 1TV
| [
4
] | [
"Critical reception.",
"The premiere of \"Nurse Jackie\" was met with generally positive reviews from critics.",
"\"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the first episode a B+, stating \"Edie Falco brings a genial forcefulness to Nurse Jackie.\"",
"\"New York\" magazine called the Showtime series \"smart, acrid, alternately sharp and sentimental\" and \"the best series yet in the cable channel’s ongoing meditation on the nature of addiction ... and the setting for a truly breakthrough female character\".",
"James Poniewozik from \"Time\" magazine ranked Nurse Jackie's episode \"Tiny Bubbles\" (106) as 5th on his \"Top 10 Episodes of 2009\" list.",
"Reception was not entirely positive, with \"Variety\" noting, \"The series increasingly feels like all style and limited substance – a star showcase that's less 'triumphant return' than 'Nice to have you back, but...'\""
] | [
3
] |
Geology | What fault zone traverses Central Park? | Central Park | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
7
] | [
"There are four different types of bedrock in Manhattan.",
"In Central Park, Manhattan schist and Hartland schist, which are both metamorphosed sedimentary rock, are exposed in various outcroppings.",
"The other two types, Fordham gneiss (an older deeper layer) and Inwood marble (metamorphosed limestone which overlays the gneiss), do not surface in the park.",
"Fordham gneiss, which consists of metamorphosed igneous rocks, was formed a billion years ago, during what is known as the Grenville orogeny that occurred during the creation of an ancient super-continent.",
"It is the oldest rock in the Canadian Shield, the most ancient part of the North American tectonic plate.",
"Manhattan schist and Hartland schist were formed in the Iapetus Ocean during the Taconic orogeny in the Paleozoic era, about 450 million years ago.",
"During this period the tectonic plates began to move toward each other, which resulted in the creation of the supercontinent, Pangaea.",
"Cameron's Line is a fault zone that traverses Central Park on an east-west axis.",
"Various glaciers have covered the area of Central Park in the past, with the most recent being the Wisconsin glacier which receded about 12,000 years ago.",
"Evidence of past glaciers are visible throughout the park in the form of \"glacial erratics\" (large boulders dropped by the receding glacier) and north-south glacial striations visible on stone outcroppings."
] | [
0
] |
Etymology | How's the English word "pudding" related to poutine? | Poutine | true | 9FOOD
| [
3,
5,
8,
9,
10
] | [
"The \"Dictionnaire historique du français québécois\" lists 15 different meanings of \"poutine\" in Quebec and Acadian French, most of which are for kinds of food; the word \"poutine\" in the meaning \"fries with cheese and gravy\" is dated to 1978.",
"Other definitions of the word have been in use at least since 1810.",
"While the exact provenance of the word \"\"poutine\"\" is uncertain, some of its meanings undoubtedly result at least in part from the influence of the English word \"pudding\".",
"Among its various culinary senses, that of \"a dessert made from flour or bread crumbs\" most clearly shows this influence; the word \"pouding\", borrowed from the English \"pudding\", is in fact a synonym in this sense.",
"The pejorative meaning \"fat person\" of \"poutine\" (used especially in speaking of a woman) is believed to derive from the English \"pudding\" \"a person or thing resembling a pudding\" or \"stout, thick-set person\".",
"In other meanings of \"poutine\", the existence of a relation to the English word \"pudding\" is uncertain.",
"One of these additional meanings — the one from which the name of the dish with fries is thought to derive — is \"unappetizing mixture of various foods, usually leftovers.\"",
"This sense may also have given rise to the meaning \"complicated business, complex organization; set of operations whose management is difficult or problematic.",
"\"The \"Dictionnaire historique\" mentions the possibility that the form \"poutine\" is simply a gallicization of the word \"pudding\".",
"However, it considers it more likely that it was inherited from regional languages spoken in France, and that some of its meanings resulted from the later influence of the similar-sounding English word \"pudding\".",
"It cites the Provençal forms \"poutingo\" \"bad stew\" and \"poutité\" \"hodgepodge\" or \"crushed fruit or foods\"; \"poutringo\" \"mixture of various things\" in Languedocien; and \"poutringue\", \"potringa\" \"bad stew\" in Franche-Comté as possibly related to \"poutine\".",
"The meaning \"fries with cheese and gravy\" of \"poutine\" is among those held as probably unrelated to \"pudding\" provided the latter view is correct."
] | [
5
] |
Potentials | What are the five most well known potentials? | Thermodynamics | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"Thermodynamic potentials are different quantitative measures of the stored energy in a system.",
"Potentials are used to measure energy changes in systems as they evolve from an initial state to a final state.",
"The potential used depends on the constraints of the system, such as constant temperature or pressure.",
"For example, the Helmholtz and Gibbs energies are the energies available in a system to do useful work when the temperature and volume or the pressure and temperature are fixed, respectively.",
"The five most well known potentials are:where formula_1 is the temperature, formula_2 the entropy, formula_3 the pressure, formula_4 the volume, formula_5 the chemical potential, formula_6 the number of particles in the system, and formula_7 is the count of particles types in the system.",
"Thermodynamic potentials can be derived from the energy balance equation applied to a thermodynamic system.",
"Other thermodynamic potentials can also be obtained through Legendre transformation."
] | [
0
] |
Contemporary era | When was Cristina Fernandez first elected and when did he become reelected? | Argentina | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
15
] | [
"Raúl Alfonsín won the 1983 elections campaigning for the prosecution of those responsible for human rights violations during the \"Proceso\": the Trial of the Juntas and other martial courts sentenced all the coup's leaders but, under military pressure, he also enacted the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws, which halted prosecutions further down the chain of command.",
"The worsening economic crisis and hyperinflation reduced his popular support and the Peronist Carlos Menem won the 1989 election.",
"Soon after, riots forced Alfonsín to an early resign.",
"Menem embraced neoliberal policies: a fixed exchange rate, business deregulation, privatizations and dismantling of protectionist barriers normalized the economy for a while.",
"He pardoned the officers who had been sentenced during Alfonsín's government.",
"The 1994 Constitutional Amendment allowed Menem to be elected for a second term.",
"The economy began to decline in 1995, with increasing unemployment and recession; led by Fernando de la Rúa, the UCR returned to the presidency in the 1999 elections.",
"De la Rúa kept Menem's economic plan despite the worsening crisis, which led to growing social discontent.",
"A massive capital flight was responded to with a freezing of bank accounts, generating further turmoil.",
"The December 2001 riots forced him to resign.",
"Congress appointed Eduardo Duhalde as acting president, who abrogated the fixed exchange rate established by Menem.",
"By the late 2002 the economic crisis began to recess, but the assassination of two \"piqueteros\" by the police caused political commotion, prompting Duhalde to move elections forward.",
"Néstor Kirchner was elected as the new president.",
"Boosting the neo-keynesian economic policies laid by Duhalde, Kirchner ended the economic crisis attaining significant fiscal and trade surpluses, and steep GDP growth.",
"Under his administration Argentina restructured its defaulted debt with an unprecedented discount of about 70% on most bonds, paid off debts with the International Monetary Fund, purged the military from officers with doubtful human rights records, ruled the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws as unconstitutional, and resumed legal prosecution of the Juntas' crimes.",
"He did not run for reelection, promoting instead the candidacy of his wife, senator Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who was elected in 2007 and reelected in 2011."
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | Which Island is Victoria Peak located? | Victoria Peak | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"Victoria Peak (, or previously ) is a mountain in the western half of Hong Kong Island.",
"It is also known as Mount Austin, and locally as The Peak.",
"With an altitude of , it is the highest mountain on the island (Tai Mo Shan is the highest point in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region).",
"The summit is occupied by a radio telecommunications facility and is closed to the public.",
"However, the surrounding area of public parks and high-value residential land is the area that is normally meant by the name \"The Peak\".",
"It is a major tourist attraction that offers views over Central, Victoria Harbour, Lamma Island and the surrounding islands."
] | [] |
Critical response | What score did Moonrise Kingdom receive from Rotten Tomatoes? | Moonrise Kingdom | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"Critical response.",
"\"Moonrise Kingdom\" received widespread acclaim; review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 94% based on reviews from 223 critics, with an average score of 8.2/10.",
"Review aggregation website Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 84 (out of 100), based on 43 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\".",
"Peter Bradshaw of \"The Guardian\" gives the film 4 stars out of 5, calling it \"another sprightly confection of oddities, attractively eccentric, witty and strangely clothed.\"",
"Christopher Orr of \"The Atlantic\" wrote that \"Moonrise Kingdom\" \"captures the texture of childhood summers, the sense of having a limited amount of time in which to do unlimited things\" and is \"Anderson's best live-action feature\" because \"it takes as its primary subject matter odd, precocious children, rather than the damaged and dissatisfied adults they will one day become.",
"\"Kristen M. Jones of \"Film Comment\" wrote that the film \"has a spontaneity and yearning that lend an easy comic rhythm\", but it also has a \"rapt quality, as if we are viewing the events through Suzy's binoculars or reading the story under the covers by a flashlight.\""
] | [
0
] |
Canada | When was karate introduced in Canada? | Karate | true | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
" and its influence outside Japan.",
"Karate began in Canada in the 1930s and 1940s as Japanese people immigrated to the country.",
"Karate was practised quietly without a large amount of organization.",
"During the Second World War, many Japanese-Canadian families were moved to the interior of British Columbia.",
"Masaru Shintani, at the age of 13, began to study Shorin-Ryu karate in the Japanese camp under Kitigawa.",
"In 1956 after 9 years of training with Kitigawa, Shintani travelled to Japan and met Hironori Otsuka (Wado Ryu).",
"In 1958 Otsuka invited Shintani to join his organization Wado Kai, and in 1969 he asked Shintani to officially call his style Wado.",
"In Canada during this same time, karate was also introduced by Masami Tsuruoka who had studied in Japan in the 1940s under Tsuyoshi Chitose.",
"In 1954 Tsuruoka initiated the first karate competition in Canada and laid the foundation for the National Karate Association.",
"In the late 1950s Shintani moved to Ontario and began teaching karate and judo at the Japanese Cultural Centre in Hamilton.",
"In 1966 he began (with Otsuka's endorsement) the Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation.",
"During the 1970s Otsuka appointed Shintani the Supreme Instructor of Wado Kai in North America.",
"In 1979, Otsuka publicly promoted Shintani to hachidan (8th dan) and privately gave him a kudan certificate (9th dan), which was revealed by Shintani in 1995.",
"Shintani and Otsuka visited each other in Japan and Canada several times, the last time in 1980 two years prior to Otsuka's death.",
"Shintani died May 7, 2000."
] | [
2
] |
Current | Where is the only Barney's store in Las Vegas? | Las Vegas Strip | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
" Bonanza Gift Shop is billed as the \"World's Largest Gift Shop\", with over of shopping space.",
" The Shoppes at The Palazzo feature luxury stores including the only Barneys New York department store in Las Vegas.",
" Fashion Show Mall is adjacent to Treasure Island and opposite Wynn Las Vegas.",
" Grand Canal Shoppes is a luxury mall connected to The Venetian with canals, gondolas and singing gondoliers.",
" Miracle Mile is part of the Planet Hollywood hotel.",
" The Forum Shops at Caesars is a luxury mall connected to Caesars Palace, with more than 160 shops and 11 restaurants.",
" Crystals at CityCenter is a luxury high-fashion mall at CityCenter.",
" Harmon Corner is a three story retail center located next to Planet Hollywood with shops and restaurants."
] | [
4
] |
Biased mutation | What are the majority of mutations that are selected against? | Evolution | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
8
] | [
"In addition to being a major source of variation, mutation may also function as a mechanism of evolution when there are different probabilities at the molecular level for different mutations to occur, a process known as mutation bias.",
"If two genotypes, for example one with the nucleotide G and another with the nucleotide A in the same position, have the same fitness, but mutation from G to A happens more often than mutation from A to G, then genotypes with A will tend to evolve.",
"Different insertion vs. deletion mutation biases in different taxa can lead to the evolution of different genome sizes.",
"Developmental or mutational biases have also been observed in morphological evolution.",
"For example, according to the phenotype-first theory of evolution, mutations can eventually cause the genetic assimilation of traits that were previously induced by the environment.",
"Mutation bias effects are superimposed on other processes.",
"If selection would favor either one out of two mutations, but there is no extra advantage to having both, then the mutation that occurs the most frequently is the one that is most likely to become fixed in a population.",
"Mutations leading to the loss of function of a gene are much more common than mutations that produce a new, fully functional gene.",
"Most loss of function mutations are selected against.",
"But when selection is weak, mutation bias towards loss of function can affect evolution.",
"For example, pigments are no longer useful when animals live in the darkness of caves, and tend to be lost.",
"This kind of loss of function can occur because of mutation bias, and/or because the function had a cost, and once the benefit of the function disappeared, natural selection leads to the loss.",
"Loss of sporulation ability in a bacterium during laboratory evolution appears to have been caused by mutation bias, rather than natural selection against the cost of maintaining sporulation ability.",
"When there is no selection for loss of function, the speed at which loss evolves depends more on the mutation rate than it does on the effective population size, indicating that it is driven more by mutation bias than by genetic drift."
] | [
0
] |
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