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Ohio Bobcats
Traditions and history
first gridiron squad in 1894. Local businesses and "sympathizers", or fans, sported light-blue decorations and ribbons to show their support. Not only two years later, in 1896, did Ohio teams adopt green and white as school colors, chosen by the student body's vote. Hal Rowland, a former student, won the $10.00 contest to put forward the idea of a nickname that exemplified the team's tenacity and fighting spirit best: the Bobcat was born. Women's sports had advanced over many years at Ohio University, starting originally as the tennis club and participation in the field day, where women could only compete
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Ohio Bobcats
Traditions and history
in the baseball throw. The football team was invited to meet U.S. President Herbert Hoover at the White House in 1932. Despite wide acclaim, football's legacy at the university is presently out-shined by Bobcat baseball. Number "54" is the only number ever retired at Ohio University. It belonged to Frank Baumholtz, a two-sport star and one of the few athletes ever to play two professional sports. Baumholtz and men's basketball head coach W. J. "Dutch" Trautwein led the Cats to the 1941 National Invitational Tournament championship, building upon standards established by Butch Grover during his 16-year run as head coach from
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Ohio Bobcats
Traditions and history
1922 to 1938. Larry Hunter is one on a distinguished list of coaches that also includes Jim Snyder, whose twenty-five seasons produced 355 wins, conference crowns, and NCAA and NIT appearances. Baumholtz signed with the Cincinnati Reds in 1941. Bob Wren, a Bobcat infielder, was named coach in 1949 and in his twenty-three seasons his teams won almost 500 games, never suffering a losing season. Future major leaguers like Phillies's Hall of Famer Mike Schmidt fueled Wren's powerhouse ballclubs. In fact, the 1970 team with Schmidt and future coach Joe Carbone as players advanced all the way to the College
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Ohio Bobcats
Traditions and history
World Series, upsetting Southern California in the first round. Instrumental within the university administrators building equal opportunities for women through increased spending and scholarship support was Peggy Pruitt, who retired in 2001. Building upon a tradition that has produced such stand-outs as Anita Corl Miller-Huntsman, Shelly Morris's field hockey team earned a MAC championship and an NCAA appearance in 2001. Wendy Weeden Devine, 1974, became the first woman inducted into the Ohio University Athletic Hall of Fame. An Ohio All-American and 1964 NCAA cross-country champion, Elmore "Mo" Banton led the cross-country and track and field teams as a coach to many
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Ohio Bobcats
Traditions and history & The Marching 110
MAC championships and NCAA highlights. Retiring in 1972, baseball's Coach Wren gave way to Jerry France, who coached future World Series skipper Bob Brenly of the Arizona Diamondbacks. France won almost 400 games, and his successor Joe Carbone added another 400 victories to the tradition. Sporting News ranked Ohio University thirty-second in the nation for overall achievement in 2001, ahead of such powerhouses as Florida State, Iowa, Kentucky, Georgia Tech, and Kansas. The Marching 110 Ohio's marching band is The Ohio University Marching 110. On October 28, 1976, the Marching 110 became the first marching band in history to perform at
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Ohio Bobcats
The Marching 110
Carnegie Hall. The Marching 110 performed in Bill Clinton's first inaugural parade through Washington, D.C., in 1992 when Clinton personally asked his campaign chairman, alumnus David Wilhelm, for the band to march and perform to throngs of thousands of Americans greeting the new first family. The band has also performed at many professional football games and has taken part in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in 2000 and 2005. Called "The Most Exciting Band in the Land", the band is widely regarded as one of the best in the nation and was ranked by Link Magazine in 1996 as one
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Ohio Bobcats
The Marching 110 & Varsity Ohio & Kermit Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame
of the Top 10 college marching bands in the nation. They perform at every Ohio home football game. Varsity Ohio Varsity Ohio is the exclusive organization for student-athlete alumni, and sponsors the annual all-sports reunion during the week of Homecoming, with athletics alumni flying in from around the world. Kermit Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame The Kermit Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame was established in 1965. Inductees to the Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame are inducted during banquet ceremonies the evening prior to a designated home football game. Inductees are also recognized during a special halftime ceremony
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Ohio Bobcats
Kermit Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame & Department administration
at the football game the following day. A portrait and accomplishments are displayed in the Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame located in the Convocation Center. Department administration Jim Schaus was named the new Director of Athletics at Ohio University by President Roderick J. McDavis on April 7, 2008. Before accepting the job at Ohio, Schaus served in the same capacity at Wichita State University for 9 years. Schaus replaced Kirby Hocutt, who took the Director of Athletics position at the University of Miami. On June 4, 2019, Schaus announced that he is leaving Ohio to be the Commissioner of the
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160,249
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Ohio Bobcats
Department administration & Fieldhouse & Academic Center
Southern Conference. Ohio's senior staff includes: Amy Dean (Senior Associate AD/Administration & Sport Programs), Michael Stephens (Associate AD/External Operations), Lauren Ashman (Associate AD/Compliance), Randee Duffy (Associate AD/NCAA Eligibility & Student Athlete Success), Ryan White (Associate AD/Development), Tim Knavel (Associate AD/Business Operations) and Matt Molde (General Manager Ohio IMG Sports Marketing). Fieldhouse Between 2011 and 2012, the University sponsored a select committee for leveraging talks for an indoor, multipurpose center. The building was dedicated after nearly five years of planning on August 26, 2014. Academic Center In 2014, the Department of Intercollegiate Athletics and affiliated groups began a fundraising drive for
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Ohio Bobcats
Academic Center
a state-of-the-art study wing at Peden Stadium due to crowded interior space.
{"datasets_id": 160250, "wiki_id": "Q7082266", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 653}
160,250
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Oklahoma Mesonet
Background
Oklahoma Mesonet Background According to the Tulsa World, creation of the Oklahoma Mesonet resulted from the inability of emergency management officials to plan for the May 26–27, 1984 flood that killed 14 people in the Tulsa area. The 1984 flood demonstrated that emergency managers could not receive accurate and adequate data quickly enough about the progress of flooding from airport radars, updated hourly. The University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University collaborated with the Climatological Survey and other public and private agencies to create the Oklahoma Mesonet. This system collects weather information (e.g., wind speed, rainfall, temperature) every 5 minutes
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160,250
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Oklahoma Mesonet
Background & Meteorological stations
from 121 Mesonet stations throughout Oklahoma. Emergency planners can now monitor up-to-date weather information in advance of the arrival of an approaching storm. The article quoted an official of the Tulsa Area Emergency Management as saying that his staff uses the Oklahoma Mesonet every day. Meteorological stations The Oklahoma Mesonet consists of 121 remote stations across Oklahoma with at least one station in each of Oklahoma's 77 counties. Each Oklahoma Mesonet station is contained within a 10 m × 10 m (33 ft × 33 ft) plot of land. Stations reside on a variety of locations including: University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University Research land,
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160,250
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Oklahoma Mesonet
Meteorological stations & Instruments
academic and foundation sites, federal/state/city land, airports, and privately owned property. Each site is visited at least three times per year during one of the Spring, Summer, and Fall passes. Sites are also visited by site technicians when there is a problem with a sensor or with communications. Additionally, sites are visited by a vegetation technician to ensure that the station is not overgrown by native plants. All sites generate their own electricity from solar panels and communicate mainly via radios on the Oklahoma Law Enforcement Telecommunications System (OLETS). Instruments The Oklahoma Mesonet utilizes a variety of meteorological instruments to collect
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Oklahoma Mesonet
Instruments & Records & Products
its observations. Observations are collected through a data logger within an enclosure and transmitted back to the National Weather Center for quality assurance, archival, and public dissemination. Records The following are records measured by the Oklahoma Mesonet since January 1, 1996. Products The Oklahoma Mesonet produces many products public use. Every five minutes, maps of all of the meteorological variables are updated to show the latest observations. Users can also look at time series plots of a station (called meteograms) over a given period of time. Quality assured data files are available to be downloaded. Historical data can be plotted
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Oklahoma Mesonet
Products
using the Oklahoma Mesonet's Long Term Average tools.
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160,251
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Olten–Bern railway
History
Olten–Bern railway History The oldest section of the line opened on 9 June 1856 from Olten to Aarburg-Oftringen as part of a line built by the Swiss Central Railway (German: Schweizerische Centralbahn) between Aarau, Olten, Aarburg and Emmenbrücke (near Lucerne). On 16 March 1857 the company opened the section from Aarburg-Oftringen to Herzogenbuchsee; three months later a branch line to Solothurn to the Jura foot line was opened to traffic. Only 15 days later, on 16 June 1857, this was followed by the extension of the line from Herzogenbuchsee to Burgdorf and Zollikofen to the edge of the city of
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160,251
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Olten–Bern railway
History
Bern at Wylerfeld. Since the railway bridge over the Aare river not yet built, a temporary station was established at Wylerfeld and for over a year, travellers were taken by coach from Wylerfeld to the city. Also a pedestrian link was opened at that time via the Altenbergsteg bridge below the site of the Kornhaus road bridge (which was completed in 1898). Finally on 15 November 1858, the Aare Bridge (known as the Rote Brücke, German for "red bridge") because of its red lead rust-proof paint) was completed and the first train crossed the bridge and ran into Bern. Since
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Olten–Bern railway
History & Born line
the station building was still under construction, a temporary train shed was built. On 1 May 1860, the permanent Bern station was opened. Born line The Born line, named after Born mountain, which it passes, was opened on 2 April 1981, to bypass the Aarburg Oftringen station, connecting Olten station directly with Rothrist station. It is now the access route to the Mattstetten–Rothrist new line. The line from Olten to Aarburg-Oftringen was limited to 40 km/h and therefore was an obstacle to the operation of express trains between Bern and Zurich. This line also had to absorb all trains to Bern and
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Olten–Bern railway
Born line & Grauholz line and tunnel
Lucerne on two tracks and had therefore reached capacity. Therefore, the SBB began the construction of a new line between Olten and Rothrist, coinciding with the modernization of Olten station. Construction started in 1976 and scheduled operations on the line began on 31 May 1981. The line is designed for a maximum speed of 140 km/h and although it is only 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) long it saved 3–4 minutes between Zurich and Bern. In addition, together with the modernization of Olten station, it significantly increased the capacity of the lines from Olten to Bern and Lucerne. Grauholz line and tunnel The Grauholz
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Olten–Bern railway
Grauholz line and tunnel
Tunnel is a 6,295 metres (6,884 yd) long, double track tunnel opened in 1995 northeast of Bern, which relieved a bottleneck of the Bern-Zollikofen created by the addition of the traffic from the line from Biel to the mainline from Olten. It starts with a grade-separated branch at Löchligut and then enters the Grauholz Tunnel. At the other end, from 1995–2004 it rejoined the trunk line Bern-Olten line at Mattstetten. Since 2004 there is a grade-separated branch at Äspli, which runs straight on to the Mattstetten–Rothrist new line. For its entire length the tunnel runs on an "s"-shaped curve underneath the
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160,251
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Olten–Bern railway
Grauholz line and tunnel & Mattstetten–Rothrist new line
wooded Grauholz hill where the Bernese were defeated by French troops at the Battle of Grauholz on 5 March 1798. Mattstetten–Rothrist new line On 12 December 2004, a new high-speed rail line was opened between Mattstetten and Rothrist as part of the comprehensive Rail 2000 project. It is almost 52 kilometres (32 mi) long, with one branch to Solothurn and the Jura foot railway line to Neuchâtel, Yverdon and Geneva. The line has a maximum speed of 200 kilometers per hour and reduced the travel time between major Swiss hubs of Bern, Basel and Zurich to under an hour
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160,251
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Olten–Bern railway
Mattstetten–Rothrist new line
allowing the regular interval timetable (German: Taktfahrplan) to be put into effect, where both express and stopping trains on all lines arrive and leave on the hour at Bern and Zurich stations, allowing a great number of convenient connections. The line was the longest new line built in Switzerland since 1926. Construction began in April 1996 and was planned to be completed date in 2005. On 30 April 2004, the last piece of rail was put into place at the Bern-Solothurn canton border at Inkwil on the connection to Solothurn.
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Orbiter Processing Facility
Orbiter Processing Facility An Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) was one of three hangars where U.S. Space Shuttle orbiters underwent maintenance between flights. All three such facilities, OPF-1, OPF-2 and OPF-3, were located at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida at Launch Complex 39. They were located west of the Vehicle Assembly Building, where the orbiter was mated with its External Tank and Solid Rocket Boosters before transport to the launch pad. OPF-1 and OPF-2 are connected with a low bay between them, while OPF-3 is across the street. OPF-3 was previously called the Orbiter Maintenance & Refurbishment Facility (OMRF), but
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160,252
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Orbiter Processing Facility
After Shuttle retirement and decommissioning in 2012
was upgraded to a fully functioning OPF. After Shuttle retirement and decommissioning in 2012 OPF-1 was closed following Atlantis's rollout on June 29, 2012. In January 2014 it was announced that Boeing will lease the facility to enable the U.S. Air Force to efficiently land, recover, refurbish, and re-launch the X-37B unmanned spacecraft. In October 2014, NASA announced the signed agreement for the use of the facility, and Boeing is planning construction upgrades on OPF-1 for the X-37B Program, targeted to be complete in December 2014. OPF-2 is now inactive following Atlantis's departure on October 18, 2012. In October 2014,
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160,252
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Orbiter Processing Facility
After Shuttle retirement and decommissioning in 2012
NASA announced an agreement with the U.S. Air Force's X-37B Program to use OPF-2 in conjunction with OPF-1. Boeing is planning construction upgrades on OPF-2 for the X-37B Program, targeted to be complete in December 2014. OPF-3 is under lease (since) to Boeing for the manufacture and testing of their CST-100 spacecraft. Space Shuttle Discovery is currently at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. Endeavour arrived at the California Science Center on October 14, 2012. Atlantis rolled out of OPF 2 for the final time on October 18, 2012 and was moved to the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex on November 2, 2012.
{"datasets_id": 160253, "wiki_id": "Q16734895", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 327}
160,253
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P. K. Rajasekharan
Early life and education & Research and findings
P. K. Rajasekharan Early life and education P. K. Rajasekharan was born on 21 February 1966 in Karippuru, near Malayinkeezh, in Thiruvananthapuram District. After finishing his graduate and post-graduate schooling in Malayalam from the University College Trivandrum, Rajasekharan obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Kerala. Research and findings Rajasekharan and fellow critic P. Venugopalan found that the version of Indulekha, published in 1889 as the first Malayalam novel, Keralites have read for the past several decades was a heavily edited version. The novel, which strongly pushed for women's empowerment, was deeply altered with many such portions removed by later
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160,253
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P. K. Rajasekharan
Research and findings
publishers. The last chapter, Chapter 20, was especially edited. They then found the original version of the novel, from the British Library in London, after several years of searching.
{"datasets_id": 160254, "wiki_id": "Q1335389", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 206}
160,254
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PLUR
PLUR and rave culture
PLUR Peace Love Unity Respect, commonly shortened to PLUR, is a set of principles that is associated with the rave culture. It has been commonly used since the early 1990s when it became commonplace in nightclub and rave flyers and especially on club paraphernalia advertising underground outdoor trance music parties. It has since expanded to the larger rave dance music culture as well. PLUR and rave culture PLUR can be interpreted as the essential philosophy of life and ethical guideline for ravers and clubbers, at least insomuch as it relates to interpersonal relationships, with basic directions on how people
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PLUR
PLUR and rave culture
are expected to behave at a rave gathering or in a dance club. This universalist philosophy underpinning the tribal dance culture which began circling the globe with the rise of the internet, theoretically takes precedence over any chemical or musical aspects of the rave scene. Raves represent a modern ritualistic experience, promoting a strong communal sense, where PLUR is considered an ideology. The four terms, among others – "Peace, Love, Freedom, Tolerance, Unity, Harmony, Expression, Responsibility and Respect" – are also part of the anonymous "Raver's Manifesto" (claimed to be written by Maria Pike in 2001) which has widely been
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PLUR
PLUR and rave culture & Origins
spread among the international rave subculture. Origins PLUR is an aggregation of ideas that were part of the earlier hippie and peace movement ("peace", "love") and black and hip hop culture ("respect"). Specific use of the term dates to the early 1990s rave scene. One of the most influential uses of the term was made by DJ Frankie Bones in June 1993. In response to a fight in the audience of one of his Storm Raves in Brooklyn, Bones took the microphone and proclaimed: "If you don't start showing some peace, love, and unity, I'll break your faces." It
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PLUR
Origins & Variations
is also reported that as early as "on July 4, 1990, [...] Frankie's brother and Storm Rave collaborator Adam X painted 'Peace Love Unity' on a train car". Variations Several other variations on the same four words, but in a different order (e.g. LURP), have been proposed. However, none of these are commonly used. Another variation is PLUM, with "M" standing for "movement". Also, the first three elements, "Peace, Love, Unity" are used separately. An example for this is the title of DJ Hype's 1996 track "Peace, Love & Unity". Later incarnations and variations of PLUR can be seen in the
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160,254
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PLUR
Variations
adoption of Pronoia and also Ubuntu, with PLUR and Pronoia often being interchangeable terms, depending upon one's company.
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160,255
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Palacio Cabanellas
Palacio Cabanellas The Palacio Cabanellas (Spanish, Cabanellas Palace) is a historical building in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located in the downtown area, occupying the southwestern corner of San Luis St. and Sarmiento St. The palace was projected around 1914 by the Majorcan architect Francisco Roca (Francesc Roca i Simó), who had been personally influenced by Antoni Gaudí during his studies in Barcelona. It was built in 1916 under the direction of Luis B. Laporte. It is one of very few examples of Modernisme (Catalan-style Art Nouveau) found in Rosario. It was restored under official sponsorship
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160,255
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Palacio Cabanellas
during the mid-2000s, in order to repair fissures and replace outer details. In 2006 the Palacio was one of the locations of the movie ¿De quién es el portaligas? (released 2007), directed by Rosario-born popular composer Fito Páez.
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160,256
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Paracrystalline
Applications
Paracrystalline Applications The paracrystal model has been useful, for example, in describing the state of partially amorphous semiconductor materials after deposition. It has also been successfully applied to synthetic polymers, liquid crystals, biopolymers, quantum dot solids, and biomembranes.
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160,257
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Partizansky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai
History & Government
Partizansky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai History The district was founded on April 4, 1924. Government As of 2013, the Head of the District is Alexander A. Zemurbeys and the Chairman of the District Council is Alexander V. Kudryavtsev.
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160,258
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Patrick Dudgeon
Life
Patrick Dudgeon Patrick Dudgeon of Cargen FRSE DL (1817–1895) was a Scottish landowner, mineralogist and meteorologist. He was co-founder with Matthew Forster Heddle of the Mineralogical Society in Great Britain in 1876. He had a specialist interest in minerals embedded in rock crystal. His mineral collection was one of the largest known and a large proportion of this is now held by the Royal Scottish Museum. Life He was born in Marionville House in Restalrig, Edinburgh, the son of Robert Dudgeon, a Liverpool-born merchant, and co-founder of the Royal Insurance Company. He was educated at Edinburgh Academy. He spent many years living
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Patrick Dudgeon
Life
in China (1833 to 1849), collecting mineral specimens both here and in Japan, which had only recently opened its borders to Europeans. Returning to Scotland in 1850 he became associated with Prof Matthew Forster Heddle. They jointly undertook a survey of the Faroe Islands in the 1850s followed by surveys of the Shetland Islands and Orkney. He bought the Cargen estate in 1853 and built the huge Scots Baronial building known as Cargen House in 1870, choosing Charles Kinnear as its architect. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1860 his proposer being Sir William Jardine,
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Patrick Dudgeon
Life
7th Baronet. From 1867 he was Deputy Lieutenant of Kirkcudbright. During his period in office he is noted for reducing the number of public houses and establishing a free circulating library. He was a Trustee and Director of the nearby Crichton Royal Hospital from 1855 to 1885. In 1889 he is recorded as purchasing a painting of Greyfriars Bobby by Gourlay Steell. He died in Cargen House, near New Abbey in Kirkcudbrightshire, Dumfries and Galloway and is buried in Troqueer Churchyard. On his death his estate passed to Col. R. F. Dudgeon. Cargen House survived as a roofless ruin and was finally demolished
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160,258
Q23585337
8
1,484
12
117
Patrick Dudgeon
Life & Memorials
in the 1980s. His mineral collection of 3574 items is now held by the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh. The ruins of his Mineralogical Museum still exist on the estate. Memorials A community hall, named the Patrick Dudgeon Memorial Hall exists in Islesteps near his home in Dumfries and Galloway.
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 578}
160,259
Q3375200
2
0
6
578
Percy Fender
Early life
Percy Fender Early life Fender was the elder son of Percy Robert Fender, the director of a firm of stationers, and Lily, née Herbert. Born in Balham, Surrey, in 1892, he was encouraged to play cricket by his mother's family who were involved in Brighton club cricket, and from the age of eight he attended cricket matches to watch Sussex when visiting them. First educated at St George's College, Weybridge, then at St Paul's School, London, Fender did not excel academically, but was proficient in many sports. At St Paul's, Fender began to attract attention as a cricketer. Awarded his school
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 6, "sc": 578, "ep": 6, "ec": 1160}
160,259
Q3375200
6
578
6
1,160
Percy Fender
Early life
colours in 1908, he remained in the school team for three years. In 1909, he topped the school's batting averages, scoring a century in one match against Bedford School. In the same game, he was criticised by his schoolmaster for bowling lobs. Fender's success led to his selection for a representing Public Schools XI against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's. His success for St Paul's continued in 1910, but his school career came to an abrupt end following an argument between his father and the High Master of the school. The dispute concerned a cricket match which
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 6, "sc": 1160, "ep": 6, "ec": 1801}
160,259
Q3375200
6
1,160
6
1,801
Percy Fender
Early life
Fender had played without parental permission, and his father was unhappy that cricket was taking precedence over academic studies. Fender was removed from the school immediately; he still came top of the batting averages for 1910 but although selected, he was not allowed to play at Lord's that summer as he was no longer a schoolboy. Despite his successes, St Paul's cricket masters did not consider him a reliable cricketer; he was criticised for taking too many risks when batting and for experimenting with too many different styles while bowling. Fender's biographer, Richard Streeton, observes that "Fender's experiments were frowned
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 6, "sc": 1801, "ep": 10, "ec": 483}
160,259
Q3375200
6
1,801
10
483
Percy Fender
Early life & Sussex career
upon from his earliest days but ... already there was never any shortage of ideas in his cricket thinking." Sussex career While at school, Fender spent his summers with his grandparents in Brighton, which qualified him to play County Cricket for Sussex. When he left school in 1910, he attracted the interest of the club and, after success in both local cricket and second-team matches, he made his first-class debut on 21 July as an amateur in Sussex's County Championship match against Nottinghamshire. He played one other game that season, against Worcestershire, where he was shaken by the pace of two
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 10, "sc": 483, "ep": 10, "ec": 1083}
160,259
Q3375200
10
483
10
1,083
Percy Fender
Sussex career
opposing bowlers. In the two games, Fender scored 19 runs and took one wicket. After the 1910 cricket season, Fender worked in a paper mill in Horwich, Lancashire, to experience paper manufacturing—his father's line of business—at first hand. While feeding paper into a machine, his left hand was trapped in the mechanism and injured. Three of his fingers were crushed at the tips; upon healing, they remained stiff and numb for the rest of his life. Fender remained in Horwich at the start of the 1911 cricket season and played several times for Manchester Cricket Club. He was on the verge
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 10, "sc": 1083, "ep": 10, "ec": 1672}
160,259
Q3375200
10
1,083
10
1,672
Percy Fender
Sussex career
of selection for Lancashire when he had to return to Brighton. That season he played twice for Sussex; the following year, in his second match for the county, he scored his maiden first-class century, against Oxford University. He followed this by taking five for 42 (five wickets taken and 42 runs conceded) against Surrey. After these successes, Fender played regularly for the remainder of the 1912 season. In total, he scored 606 runs at an average of 24.24, and, bowling medium pace, took 16 wickets at an average of 25.50. In 1913, Fender was a regular member of the Sussex
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 10, "sc": 1672, "ep": 10, "ec": 2249}
160,259
Q3375200
10
1,672
10
2,249
Percy Fender
Sussex career
county side. In the first two months of the season, he made a considerable impact; in 21 innings with the bat, he scored six fifties and one century. His reputation as an exciting, big-hitting batsman grew quickly, and he was chosen in the representative Gentlemen v Players matches at Lord's and The Oval. His performances for the Gentlemen, a team of amateurs, were unsuccessful, and the failure affected his form for the rest of the season. Wisden Cricketers' Almanack commented that he was not worth his place in the team in these latter months. Even so, he reached 1,000
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 10, "sc": 2249, "ep": 14, "ec": 430}
160,259
Q3375200
10
2,249
14
430
Percy Fender
Sussex career & Move to Surrey
first-class runs in a season for the first time: 1,163 runs at an average of 23.73. He also took 34 wickets at 35.08. Move to Surrey Fender initially wanted to be a barrister, but his family could not afford the costs. By 1914, he was working for the firm of paper manufacturers and stationers of which his father was managing director. Although he permitted Fender to play cricket, his father believed that sport and a business career were incompatible. Fender disagreed, suggesting that the contacts made in county cricket offset the lost working time. To aid
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 14, "sc": 430, "ep": 14, "ec": 1030}
160,259
Q3375200
14
430
14
1,030
Percy Fender
Move to Surrey
his business career, Fender moved to London during the winter of 1913–14. Fender was qualified by his birthplace to play for Surrey, and the county was happy to register him for the County Championship. Fender attended to business matters before and after each day's play, and often combined Surrey's trips to away matches with business meetings. Socially, Fender became a familiar figure in clubs and the theatre. He became friends with the actor Jack Hulbert and developed an interest in musical theatre, for which he provided financial support; he also wrote lyrics for some songs. By the end of
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 14, "sc": 1030, "ep": 14, "ec": 1634}
160,259
Q3375200
14
1,030
14
1,634
Percy Fender
Move to Surrey
the 1914 season, Fender had convinced his father that he could successfully combine cricket and business. His improvement as a cricketer was recognised when was chosen as one of Wisden's Cricketers of the Year for 1914. As a player, Fender quickly made an impact for Surrey. He took a hat-trick in his second game, and scored a century in his fifth, to establish his popularity with the Surrey crowds. During the season Fender scored 820 runs, often very quickly, and took 83 wickets including some through experimenting with leg spin bowling. According to Wisden his worth was measured by more
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 14, "sc": 1634, "ep": 14, "ec": 2216}
160,259
Q3375200
14
1,634
14
2,216
Percy Fender
Move to Surrey
than figures: "As a match winning factor he is a far greater force on a side than his records would suggest." In a powerful Surrey side he batted aggressively, bowled more frequently than at Sussex—mainly as a support bowler to the main attack—and established a reputation as a slip fielder. A teammate judged that Fender was the "making" of the team, and Wisden commented that "he always seemed the right man in the right place". A late replacement in the Gentlemen v Players game at Lord's, Fender was not particularly successful but made a good impression on critics. The season
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 14, "sc": 2216, "ep": 18, "ec": 366}
160,259
Q3375200
14
2,216
18
366
Percy Fender
Move to Surrey & Career in wartime
ended prematurely because of the outbreak of war in August 1914. Surrey had established a commanding lead in the County Championship table; as their nearest challengers had no objection, the MCC declared them as county champions. Career in wartime Immediately following the cancellation of county cricket in 1914, Fender enlisted in the army, joining the Inns of Court Regiment. Commissioned as a lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers, Fender disliked the routine of army life. With the help of the cricketer Pelham Warner, who worked in the War Office, he was transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1915. Fender was
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 18, "sc": 366, "ep": 18, "ec": 937}
160,259
Q3375200
18
366
18
937
Percy Fender
Career in wartime
initially stationed in London, where he was involved in work repelling Zeppelin attacks, before being sent to India in 1916. Soon after his arrival, he became ill with dysentery, possibly cholera and several other diseases. He returned to England to recover but was left weak for much of the following two years. Army doctors were unsure what exactly was wrong with Fender and he remained in their care until 1918. He played some charity cricket in 1917 and 1918, but did not return to light duties with the Royal Flying Corps until the latter year. Just as he seemed to
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 18, "sc": 937, "ep": 18, "ec": 1539}
160,259
Q3375200
18
937
18
1,539
Percy Fender
Career in wartime
have recovered fully, he fractured his left leg in five places playing football at the end of 1918. He remained on crutches throughout the remainder of 1918 and 1919, missing the resumption of county cricket in 1919. While incapacitated, Fender attempted to gain a place at Caius College, Cambridge, but was turned down owing to the restriction his injury placed upon his cricket, and his desire to concentrate on academic interests to further his business career—the interviewing panel only wanted him as a cricketer. Although he recovered in time to play in the 1920 season, his leg troubled him for
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 18, "sc": 1539, "ep": 22, "ec": 438}
160,259
Q3375200
18
1,539
22
438
Percy Fender
Career in wartime & Appointment as Surrey captain
the remainder of his career; he was left with a minor limp, and long spells of fielding left him in pain. Appointment as Surrey captain Surrey's official captain for 1920, Cyril Wilkinson, missed much of the 1920 season and was unavailable for the opening matches. As the only amateur in the team who was expected to play regularly, Fender was appointed as captain in Wilkinson's absence. He led the team to victory in his first two matches in charge, and ten of his first twelve games. Wilkinson resumed the leadership at several points during the season, but his return in
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 22, "sc": 438, "ep": 22, "ec": 1009}
160,259
Q3375200
22
438
22
1,009
Percy Fender
Appointment as Surrey captain
the final weeks coincided with a poor run of results. He consequently withdrew for two crucial games, and allowed Fender to captain the side. That year Surrey had few effective bowlers; Fender was the leading wicket-taker with 109 wickets in County Championship games. In all first-class matches he took 124 wickets at an average of 21.40 to reach 100 wickets in a season for the first time. Inconsistent with the bat, particularly in the latter half of the season, he scored 841 runs at 20.51. In almost every match Fender contributed, either with bat, ball or in the
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 22, "sc": 1009, "ep": 22, "ec": 1649}
160,259
Q3375200
22
1,009
22
1,649
Percy Fender
Appointment as Surrey captain
field. His captaincy was very effective; his flair and willingness to use unconventional tactics were unusual at the time. This was quickly noticed by the public, who appreciated Surrey's entertaining brand of cricket. Several games were won by Surrey after Fender used unorthodox methods to force the pace. In addition, Fender's batting and bowling swayed several games in Surrey's favour. Surrey finished third in the County Championship, but lost their final match, against Middlesex, when victory would have made them champions. Surrey needed 244 to win but Fender's instruction to his batsmen to attempt to score faster had an adverse
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 22, "sc": 1649, "ep": 22, "ec": 2262}
160,259
Q3375200
22
1,649
22
2,262
Percy Fender
Appointment as Surrey captain
effect, and he later blamed himself for the defeat. Nevertheless, he was appointed permanent captain for the following season. Against Northamptonshire in one of the last games of the 1920 season, Surrey had passed Northamptonshire's score and were in a dominant position when Fender batted. He was dropped early on but batting in a carefree, aggressive style, reached 100 runs in 35 minutes, as of 2016 still the fastest individual century on record in first-class cricket. In total, he scored 113 not out and shared a partnership of 171 runs in 42 minutes with Alan Peach. Although acknowledged to be a
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 22, "sc": 2262, "ep": 22, "ec": 2850}
160,259
Q3375200
22
2,262
22
2,850
Percy Fender
Appointment as Surrey captain
fast innings, Fender's century was not recognised as a record at the time; cricket records were not widely kept or studied, and other innings were believed to have been quicker. Surrey went on to win the match. Chosen for the Gentlemen v Players, Fender had his first success in the fixture, hitting 50 in 40 minutes, the highest score for the Gentlemen in the match; it may have influenced his selection for the MCC team to tour Australia. Some sections of the press suggested Fender should captain that team, but Reginald Spooner was initially appointed by the MCC; when he was
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 22, "sc": 2850, "ep": 26, "ec": 442}
160,259
Q3375200
22
2,850
26
442
Percy Fender
Appointment as Surrey captain & Test match cricketer
unavailable, J. W. H. T. Douglas became captain. Fender was included in the team, and the press regarded his selection as a formality. Test match cricketer During the MCC tour of Australia, England lost every game of the five-match Test series. Fender played infrequently and with little success during the early part of the tour. Douglas rarely used him as a bowler, and for the first Test, he was omitted from the team at the last minute and was twelfth man. He was eventually selected for the third Test; Jack Hearne was unavailable owing to illness, and Fender had recently been successful in a
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 26, "sc": 442, "ep": 26, "ec": 1007}
160,259
Q3375200
26
442
26
1,007
Percy Fender
Test match cricketer
tour game. The tour manager Frederick Toone had suggested that Fender should replace Douglas as captain, an idea which had the support of two of the team's leading professionals, but Douglas refused. Fender made his Test debut on 14 January 1921 but achieved little with bat or ball, partly owing to his lack of match practice in the preceding weeks. He dropped a catch from Charles Kelleway, who went on to score 147 runs. Nevertheless, Fender retained his place in the team for the remainder of the series. In the fourth Test, he took five for 122, and achieved
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 26, "sc": 1007, "ep": 26, "ec": 1548}
160,259
Q3375200
26
1,007
26
1,548
Percy Fender
Test match cricketer
five for 90 in the fifth and final game. He led the English Test bowling averages with 12 wickets at an average of 34.16, and was the only England spin bowler to make the ball turn on the hard Australian pitches, though he was not particularly accurate. With the bat, he scored 59 in the fourth Test and passed 40 in two other innings. In the last game of the tour, against South Australia, Fender took 12 wickets, including seven for 75 in the first innings. In general, he withstood the hot weather better than his teammates, but his weak
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 26, "sc": 1548, "ep": 26, "ec": 2146}
160,259
Q3375200
26
1,548
26
2,146
Percy Fender
Test match cricketer
leg made fielding painful on the hard ground. In all first-class games on the tour, he scored 325 runs at 27.08 and took 32 wickets at 32.71. As an amateur, Fender was not paid for the tour, but some of his expenses were paid by the MCC. However, tours at the time often left many amateurs out of pocket. To offset their costs, Fender and his teammate Rockley Wilson wrote for several newspapers and magazines during the tour. Their comments were unpopular in Australia, particularly in the final Test when Wilson criticised the behaviour of the Australian spectators. Fender was barracked
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160,259
Q3375200
26
2,146
26
2,760
Percy Fender
Test match cricketer
several times by the crowds when reports reached Australia of his newspaper columns; occasionally, the crowds chanted "Please Go Home Fender", making a play on his initials. Fender made light of this, joining in by conducting the barrackers. In subsequent tours, the MCC forbade cricketers from writing about matches in which they were playing. On his way home, Fender wrote an account of the tour which was published as Defending the Ashes. However, he did not elaborate on his own opinions, and left out any controversy. The Australian team joined the MCC cricketers on the journey to England, to play a
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160,259
Q3375200
26
2,760
26
3,355
Percy Fender
Test match cricketer
further five Tests in 1921. Once again, some newspapers suggested Fender should captain the England team, but Douglas was initially retained; as the series progressed, several writers lamented the fact that Fender was overlooked. Fender began the season poorly and was not picked for the first three Tests, all of which were won by Australia. The England selectors tried 30 players in the course of the summer, many of whom critics did not consider to be of suitable quality. Fender began to take wickets consistently in the middle of the season, and scored a century in the Gentlemen v Players
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 26, "sc": 3355, "ep": 26, "ec": 3930}
160,259
Q3375200
26
3,355
26
3,930
Percy Fender
Test match cricketer
match, so he was chosen for the fourth Test. The game was drawn, affected by rain. Fender scored 44 not out and took two for 30 in the game. The final match was also a rain-ruined draw; Fender retained his place but had little success. He later said that he learned a great deal from Warwick Armstrong's captaincy of the Australians. Fender had greater success for Surrey in 1921. For the second year in succession Surrey played Middlesex in the final game of the season, to decide the County Championship, and again they lost. They finished second in the table, but
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 26, "sc": 3930, "ep": 26, "ec": 4550}
160,259
Q3375200
26
3,930
26
4,550
Percy Fender
Test match cricketer
were hampered by a lack of quality bowling. Wisden praised Fender's handling of his modest bowling resources, and stated that much of Surrey's success came from his captaincy. Several of Surrey's wins were very close, and came after Fender declared. Fender included a lob bowler, Trevor Molony, in three games; lob bowling had practically died out from first-class cricket, and Molony was the last specialist underarm bowler selected in county cricket. But Molony met with limited success and faded out of cricket. Owing to the lack of alternatives, Fender had to use his own bowling frequently, and often conceded many
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 26, "sc": 4550, "ep": 30, "ec": 55}
160,259
Q3375200
26
4,550
30
55
Percy Fender
Test match cricketer & Peak in county cricket
runs. Wisden said he was generally effective with the ball and described his fielding as "dazzling", but suggested that his best batting came for teams other than Surrey. In all first-class matches Fender completed the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets for the first time; he scored 1,152 runs at 21.33 and took 134 wickets at 26.58. He also took 53 catches to become the first cricketer to pass 50 catches while completing the double; as of 2016, only Peter Walker has also done so. Peak in county cricket Fender completed the double in 1922 with 1,169 runs and
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 30, "sc": 55, "ep": 30, "ec": 668}
160,259
Q3375200
30
55
30
668
Percy Fender
Peak in county cricket
157 wickets, Surrey finished third in the Championship, and once again the lack of effective bowling hindered the team. Wisden described the team's success as "nothing less than a triumph for Mr Fender". Despite damp weather which did not suit his style, he bowled more than his share of overs, often because there were few alternative bowlers. Wisden said: "Essentially a change bowler [one who bowls while the main bowlers are rested]—the best in England, as he has been aptly described—he became by force of circumstances the chief attacking force". He bowled mainly leg spin, but often bowled successfully at
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 30, "sc": 668, "ep": 30, "ec": 1253}
160,259
Q3375200
30
668
30
1,253
Percy Fender
Peak in county cricket
medium pace. Wisden praised his inspirational captaincy, and concluded: "Over and above all this he was, by general consent, by far the best of the county captains, never losing his grip of the game and managing his side with a judgement that was seldom at fault." During the season, Fender began to wear glasses in an attempt to cure headaches; the remedy worked, although he later discovered there was nothing wrong with his eyesight, and the lenses he wore were little more than plain glass. The first time he wore glasses, Fender scored 185 in 130 minutes against Hampshire. Other
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 30, "sc": 1253, "ep": 30, "ec": 1839}
160,259
Q3375200
30
1,253
30
1,839
Percy Fender
Peak in county cricket
rapid scoring feats included 91 in 50 minutes against Leicestershire and 137 in 90 minutes against Kent. There were no Tests in 1922, but Sydney Pardon wrote that Fender was the only amateur who could be guaranteed a place on ability alone in an England team. Late in the season, Fender was involved in a public dispute with Lord Harris over the qualification of Alfred Jeacocke to play for Surrey. Harris, the influential treasurer of the MCC and chairman of Kent, had noticed that Jeacocke's qualification had lapsed when he moved across the border from Surrey to Kent, albeit living
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 30, "sc": 1839, "ep": 30, "ec": 2465}
160,259
Q3375200
30
1,839
30
2,465
Percy Fender
Peak in county cricket
on the same road. Fender, privately furious with Harris, publicly defended Jeacocke, and the press supported him; the rules were altered the following season to allow Jeacocke to continue to play for Surrey. Fender was chosen in the MCC team to tour South Africa in 1922–23, but despite support from journalists, he was not chosen as captain. Frank Mann led the team; his appointment was criticised in the press, which judged him to lack playing ability and suggested that the selectors favoured those associated with Lord's—Mann was Middlesex captain. Mann appointed Fender his vice-captain on the journey to South
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 30, "sc": 2465, "ep": 30, "ec": 3031}
160,259
Q3375200
30
2,465
30
3,031
Percy Fender
Peak in county cricket
Africa, but played every match on the tour to leave Fender with no opportunity to lead the side. England won the Test series 2–1, but Fender had some difficulties playing on the matting pitches used in South Africa, on which the ball bounced and turned in a different fashion from the turf on which cricket was played in England. He began in good batting form, scoring 96 in the first match, and he passed fifty on two other occasions, including an uncharacteristically defensive innings of 60 in the third Test, but his batting faded as the tour progressed. He was
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 30, "sc": 3031, "ep": 30, "ec": 3584}
160,259
Q3375200
30
3,031
30
3,584
Percy Fender
Peak in county cricket
generally successful as a bowler, but proved expensive in the Tests. However, his best bowling performance according to his teammates came in the second Test, when he took four for 29 on the first day; all the South Africans found it difficult to bat against him, and he later described it as one of the best bowling spells of his career. He played in all five Tests, scoring 128 runs at an average of 14.22 and taking 10 wickets at 41.80, while in all first-class games, he scored 459 runs at 22.95 and took 58 wickets at 19.58. In 1923 Fender
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 30, "sc": 3584, "ep": 30, "ec": 4177}
160,259
Q3375200
30
3,584
30
4,177
Percy Fender
Peak in county cricket
enjoyed his best all-round season, scoring 1,427 runs and taking 178 wickets. The former was the second best aggregate of his career, the latter his highest total of wickets. Again, there were no Test matches, but Fender played in two Test trials. He was successful in the first match, taking six for 44 and scoring 49 runs, but his performance was overshadowed by continued controversy over the captaincy; Fender was not asked to captain a side in either match. The press questioned why the selectors ignored Fender's captaincy claims even though, in the view of journalists, he was the most
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 30, "sc": 4177, "ep": 30, "ec": 4784}
160,259
Q3375200
30
4,177
30
4,784
Percy Fender
Peak in county cricket
deserving candidate. One writer suggested that Lord's "resented" Fender's success, and that politics prevented his appointment. At that time it was usual for amateurs and professionals to enter the field of play from different gates; Fender's habit was to use the same gate as his professionals. This brought a rebuke for Fender from Lord Harris, who said: "We do not want that sort of thing at Lord's, Fender". Surrey finished fourth in the Championship, hampered once again by their lack of bowlers; their batsmen frequently made large scores but the team could not bowl out the opposition and many games
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 30, "sc": 4784, "ep": 34, "ec": 325}
160,259
Q3375200
30
4,784
34
325
Percy Fender
Peak in county cricket & Controversy and loss of England place
were drawn. Fender's batting continued to be effective, but he demonstrated a more restrained approach and improved his defence. Again, he had a heavy bowling workload given the lack of support, and Wisden said that he bowled with "pronounced spin and variety of device". Controversy and loss of England place Fender's form dipped in 1924 after a good start with bat and ball; thereafter, despite occasional successes, he lacked consistency. Surrey finished third in the Championship, and Fender contributed 1,004 runs and 84 wickets in all first-class matches. Once again, Fender was a candidate for the England captaincy—South Africa
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 34, "sc": 325, "ep": 34, "ec": 924}
160,259
Q3375200
34
325
34
924
Percy Fender
Controversy and loss of England place
played a Test series that season, and the MCC were to tour Australia in 1924–25. The eventual appointment of Arthur Gilligan was criticised in the press, which again speculated why Fender was not chosen. Fender's prospects of leading England receded further when he clashed once more with Lord Harris. The MCC had rebuked two county committees for covering their pitches prior to matches against the South Africans during a spell of wet weather. Fender pointed out in a letter published by the press that Lord Harris and the MCC were aware that this was common practice at the Scarborough Festival,
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 34, "sc": 924, "ep": 34, "ec": 1533}
160,259
Q3375200
34
924
34
1,533
Percy Fender
Controversy and loss of England place
despite their claims to the contrary. When Fender next played at Lord's, the furious Lord Harris summoned Fender to admonish him. Fender always regretted his indiscretion and believed it finished any chance he had of the England captaincy. Fender played in the first two Tests, without much success, and was dropped; he played only one more Test in his career. Gilligan was injured during the series, but the selectors recalled Douglas as captain rather than select Fender. When the team to tour Australia that winter was chosen, Fender was not selected, a decision which upset him deeply. Fender was married
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 34, "sc": 1533, "ep": 34, "ec": 2103}
160,259
Q3375200
34
1,533
34
2,103
Percy Fender
Controversy and loss of England place
at the end of the 1924 cricket season, and in the off-season wrote about the MCC tour of Australia for the Daily Express. In 1925, Fender returned to his best form, completing the double with 1,042 runs and 137 wickets. Surrey finished second in the table and by the end of the season had not lost a Championship match at the Oval for five years. However, they never challenged the champions, Yorkshire, and this proved to be the last time under Fender's leadership that the team finished near the top of the Championship table. In the view of the press, Fender
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 34, "sc": 2103, "ep": 34, "ec": 2698}
160,259
Q3375200
34
2,103
34
2,698
Percy Fender
Controversy and loss of England place
remained a potential England captain for the Ashes series in 1926, but Arthur Carr was chosen. In his survey of England cricket captains, Alan Gibson suggests that Fender and Carr were the only two realistic candidates by that time—other county captains either lacked the skill to play Tests or had already been tried and discarded. When Carr was dropped before the final Test, the journalist Home Gordon reported that a "certain amateur"—Gibson suggests this must have been Fender—was waiting by the phone for news that he was to captain England. In the event, Percy Chapman took over for the
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 34, "sc": 2698, "ep": 38, "ec": 134}
160,259
Q3375200
34
2,698
38
134
Percy Fender
Controversy and loss of England place & Late 1920s
final match and England regained the Ashes. However, Streeton believes that by this stage, Fender was never likely to be chosen; he played in a Test trial match and for the Gentlemen against the Players, but Greville Stevens was preferred in the England team. In all first-class matches, Fender completed the double again with 1,043 runs and 112 wickets. After the season, he joined a short tour of Jamaica led by Lord Tennyson, playing three first-class matches. Late 1920s In the following seasons, Surrey dropped steadily down the Championship table. Fender failed to reach 1,000 runs in 1927, although his
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 38, "sc": 134, "ep": 38, "ec": 675}
160,259
Q3375200
38
134
38
675
Percy Fender
Late 1920s
average of 31.96 was his best for five seasons; he also took 89 wickets at 25.75. That season, he achieved one of the best bowling performances of his career when he took six wickets in 11 balls against Middlesex, to become the first player in first-class cricket to take six wickets in so few deliveries. This remained a record until 1972 when Pat Pocock took seven wickets in 11 balls. Fender went on to take seven wickets in 19 balls; his final analysis was seven for 10. The following two seasons were his best with the bat; in 1928, he
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 38, "sc": 675, "ep": 38, "ec": 1181}
160,259
Q3375200
38
675
38
1,181
Percy Fender
Late 1920s
scored 1,376 runs at 37.18, his highest average in a season, and in 1929 he scored 1,625 runs, his highest run aggregate. He was less successful with the ball: in 1928 he took 110 wickets but his bowling average rose to 28, and took 88 wickets at an average of over 30 in 1929. His good form at the start of 1929 led to his recall to the England team, and he played one Test against South Africa. This was his final Test; overall, in 13 Tests, he scored 380 runs at an average of 19.00 and took 29 wickets
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 38, "sc": 1181, "ep": 42, "ec": 484}
160,259
Q3375200
38
1,181
42
484
Percy Fender
Late 1920s & Involvement with Bradman and Bodyline
at 40.86. By that season, Surrey had fallen to tenth in the table. Involvement with Bradman and Bodyline During the MCC tour to Australia in 1928–29, the Australian batsman Donald Bradman made his Test debut. Covering the tour as a journalist, Fender judged that Bradman "was one of the most curious mixtures of good and bad batting I have ever seen", but was not convinced by his ability at the time. Bradman came to England with the Australian touring team in 1930, and was extremely successful; during the course of the season, Fender completely changed his mind—not least when Bradman,
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 42, "sc": 484, "ep": 42, "ec": 1093}
160,259
Q3375200
42
484
42
1,093
Percy Fender
Involvement with Bradman and Bodyline
particularly determined to succeed against Fender following his criticism, scored 252 against Surrey. Fender played fewer matches than in previous seasons, as he was writing on the Tests for a newspaper; in the 1930 season, he scored 700 runs and took 65 wickets. Meanwhile, the Australian victory in the Test series owed much to Bradman, who scored 974 runs in seven innings, breaking several records in the process. His success, and the manner of it, concerned the English authorities, and Fender among others believed that success against Bradman was to be found in adopting new tactics. In his newspaper
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 42, "sc": 1093, "ep": 42, "ec": 1717}
160,259
Q3375200
42
1,093
42
1,717
Percy Fender
Involvement with Bradman and Bodyline
reports that summer, Fender was critical of Bradman during one spell in the final Test when he batted unconvincingly against fast bowler Harold Larwood on a pitch affected by rain. Fender passed this information on to his Surrey colleague Douglas Jardine, who was later named England captain for the MCC tour of 1932–33. Over the following months, Australian journalists kept Fender informed of developments in batting in that country, information which he passed on to Jardine. Jardine later conceived the strategy of Bodyline, where fast bowlers bowled at the batsmen's leg stump, frequently pitching the ball short and
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 42, "sc": 1717, "ep": 46, "ec": 20}
160,259
Q3375200
42
1,717
46
20
Percy Fender
Involvement with Bradman and Bodyline & Resignation and retirement
hitting him. The tactic was contentious, and created much ill-feeling between the players. Fender did not cover the tour as a journalist, as his newspaper sent Jack Hobbs instead. However, during the tour Jardine wrote to inform Fender that much of his information had been correct and that he was adapting his tactics accordingly. Fender later insisted that his role was minor in creating the strategy, but he was close to both Jardine and Arthur Carr, who discussed the plans before the tour began; some writers suggested that the original idea was Fender's. Resignation and retirement Early in 1931 Fender
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 46, "sc": 20, "ep": 46, "ec": 669}
160,259
Q3375200
46
20
46
669
Percy Fender
Resignation and retirement
offered to resign as Surrey's captain, to give Jardine more experience of leadership before he assumed the England captaincy, but Surrey declined. Fender scored 916 runs and took 84 wickets that season. However, the Surrey committee were becoming disillusioned with Fender as captain after he had missed matches in 1930 to work as a journalist. Another point of contention was that Fender, against the wishes of the committee, preferred to keep in-form professional players in the team instead of playing amateurs when they were available. There were disagreements over expenses, and the committee disapproved when Fender declared Surrey's innings
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 46, "sc": 669, "ep": 46, "ec": 1303}
160,259
Q3375200
46
669
46
1,303
Percy Fender
Resignation and retirement
closed after one ball, to make up time in a rain-affected match. A series of other controversial incidents further antagonised the committee. As a result, Fender was dismissed in January 1932, a move rumoured in the press for some time and which was quickly leaked. The club released a statement which said Fender would only stand down if a suitable replacement could be found, before Jardine was officially appointed in March. It is likely that the uncertainty arose because Jardine took his time in accepting the position. Fender supported Jardine's appointment, and pledged to continue playing under his captaincy. Fender
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 46, "sc": 1303, "ep": 46, "ec": 1892}
160,259
Q3375200
46
1,303
46
1,892
Percy Fender
Resignation and retirement
played less frequently in the following seasons, as his appearances were restricted by journalistic and business requirements. He scored over 400 runs in each season between 1932 and 1935 and scored two centuries in that time, both in 1933. With the ball, he took over 60 wickets in each season, although with higher bowling averages than earlier in his career. Having played regularly for the Gentlemen against the Players throughout his career, he made his last appearance in the match in 1934. He continued to be an effective member of the county team, which he occasionally led when
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 46, "sc": 1892, "ep": 46, "ec": 2520}
160,259
Q3375200
46
1,892
46
2,520
Percy Fender
Resignation and retirement
the regular captain—initially Jardine, later, Errol Holmes—was absent. Prior to the 1936 season Holmes suggested to Fender that he should play fewer games for Surrey that year. Rather than do so, Fender preferred not to play at all, and he informed the committee that he would no longer represent the county. The committee publicly thanked Fender, but the reasons for the sudden termination of his county career are unclear; rumours suggested that some factions at Surrey wanted Fender out of the club. In the event, Fender played two first-class matches in 1936, captaining MCC teams against Oxford and Cambridge universities;
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 46, "sc": 2520, "ep": 46, "ec": 3135}
160,259
Q3375200
46
2,520
46
3,135
Percy Fender
Resignation and retirement
these were his final appearances in first-class cricket. In all first-class matches, he scored 19,034 runs at an average of 26.65, and took 1,894 wickets at 25.05. He continued to play minor cricket for some time, and maintained his association with the sport for many years. His most notable appearance came after the war, when he captained an "Old England XI", featuring many former England players, against Surrey in 1946 in a match to celebrate Surrey's centenary. During the Second World War, Fender joined the Royal Air Force, reaching the rank of Wing Commander. He worked in southern England with a
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 46, "sc": 3135, "ep": 46, "ec": 3745}
160,259
Q3375200
46
3,135
46
3,745
Percy Fender
Resignation and retirement
responsibility for moving men and equipment, and was mentioned in dispatches for his role in preparations for the Allied invasion of Europe. Later, he was posted to various parts of the world in his role in movements. In the 1920s, Fender was approached four times to stand for Parliament as a Conservative Party candidate and declined each time. Between 1952 and 1958, he served as a Conservative member on the London County Council for Norwood and later was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of London. In the late 1970s, Fender became blind, and moved in with his daughter, although continuing to run his
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 46, "sc": 3745, "ep": 50, "ec": 329}
160,259
Q3375200
46
3,745
50
329
Percy Fender
Resignation and retirement & Batting, bowling and fielding
business. He travelled to Australia in 1977 to attend celebrations that marked 100 years of Test cricket and was the oldest man there. In his final years, he moved into a nursing home and died there on 15 June 1985. Batting, bowling and fielding As a batsman, Fender's approach was aggressive; whatever the circumstances he hit the ball very hard, and his ability to play a variety of strokes made it difficult for captains to place fielders effectively. He batted with his weight mainly on his front foot and used powerful wrist-work to send the ball in different directions
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 50, "sc": 329, "ep": 50, "ec": 926}
160,259
Q3375200
50
329
50
926
Percy Fender
Batting, bowling and fielding
while playing the same stroke. Among his favoured shots were the drive, pull and cut. Other than his 35-minute century, he played many innings in which he scored quickly, and the cricket historian Gerald Brodribb has calculated that Fender was among first-class cricket's fastest scorers, with an average rate of 62 runs an hour. He also recorded several notably powerful hits, including one which sent the ball 132 yards. Fender's aggressive approach made him an inconsistent scorer, but Surrey had a strong batting side and his hitting power was more valuable to the team than if he had played
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 50, "sc": 926, "ep": 50, "ec": 1540}
160,259
Q3375200
50
926
50
1,540
Percy Fender
Batting, bowling and fielding
in more orthodox fashion. The side's batting strength meant that Fender rarely had to play defensively, although he could do so if the situation demanded. Originally a fast-medium bowler—a style to which he sometimes reverted when Surrey were short of bowlers—Fender's main bowling style was wrist spin, and he could spin the ball effectively. His googly was more of a top spinner and he was adept at using flight and dip, with many of his wickets being bowled or caught behind the wicket. He gripped the ball differently from most wrist spinners, using his thumb and first two fingers, and would
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 50, "sc": 1540, "ep": 50, "ec": 2150}
160,259
Q3375200
50
1,540
50
2,150
Percy Fender
Batting, bowling and fielding
attempt any kind of unorthodox delivery if he thought it might be effective. To deceive the batsman he varied the position from which he bowled and the height of his arm, and occasionally bowled deliberate full tosses or long hops to surprise them. Fender hoped that, in his eagerness to score from an apparently innocuous ball, the batsman would mis-hit, a tactic he would often try when the batsman was playing defensively. Fender's love of experimentation and his surprise variations made him difficult for batsmen to face, but produced inconsistent results and he sometimes conceded many runs. His Wisden
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 50, "sc": 2150, "ep": 50, "ec": 2758}
160,259
Q3375200
50
2,150
50
2,758
Percy Fender
Batting, bowling and fielding
obituary suggests that Fender would have been better employed as a "fourth or fifth bowler in a strong bowling side", but Surrey's weakness in bowling meant that he had to do far more work than was ideal for his style and approach. Despite his experimentation, critics regarded him as a reliable bowler using his primary method, and The Times described him as "subtle in flight and with artful variations". Fender fielded mainly at slip. He possessed quick reactions and could move quickly to catch balls hit some distance from him. His technique was unorthodox; he crouched low when waiting for the
{"datasets_id": 160259, "wiki_id": "Q3375200", "sp": 50, "sc": 2758, "ep": 50, "ec": 3415}
160,259
Q3375200
50
2,758
50
3,415
Percy Fender
Batting, bowling and fielding
ball with one leg stretched behind him, like a sprinter ready to begin a race. Good catching was vital in a Surrey side which possessed weak bowling, making his contributions even more important, and critics regarded him as one of the best slip fielders in England. The journalist and cricket writer John Arlott wrote of Fender: "Unmistakable on the field, lanky, bespectacled, curly-haired, slouching along, hands deep in pockets and wearing a grotesquely long sweater, he was immortalised by cartoonist Tom Webster". This appearance made him a favourite of cartoonists generally, and Fender enjoyed this fame, particularly the cartoons of Webster