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Law of South Korea
Due process & The Korean Penal Code
be tortured or compelled to testify against himself. The Constitution also requires that a person arrested for a crime be given assistance of counsel (selected or appointed), be informed of the charges against him and of his right to counsel, and have the right to petition the court for habeas corpus. A person arrested for a crime also has the right to have his family or other close kin promptly notified as to the reason, time, and place of his detention. The Korean Penal Code The Korean Penal code is organized into 372 articles, further organized into 4
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Law of South Korea
The Korean Penal Code & Civil Procedure & Enactment of the Korean Civil Procedure Act
chapters of general provisions and 42 chapters of specific provisions. Abortion is restricted under the Korean Penal Code. Civil Procedure Until recently there was little English literature written about Korean civil procedure. The primary body of law on civil procedure is the Korean Civil Procedure Act and the Korean Rules of Civil Procedure (KRCP). Another important area is the Civil Execution Act first enacted in 2002 as a separate act. For special cases, there is the Family Litigation Act for family law matters and the Bankruptcy and Rehabilitation Act for bankruptcy and restructuring proceedings. Enactment of the
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Law of South Korea
Enactment of the Korean Civil Procedure Act & Guiding Principles of KCPA & Standing
Korean Civil Procedure Act After independence, the Japanese civil procedure law remained in force until the Korean Civil Procedure Act was enacted on July 1, 1960. The KCPA has been amended 14 times with the most drastic change occurring in 2002. The 2002 KCPA emphasized the pretrial phase and the concentration of the trial for the sake of efficiency as well as separating civil execution from the KCPA. Guiding Principles of KCPA Article 1 of the KCPA stipulates that the court should strive to enhance fairness, speed, and efficiency in civil proceedings. Standing Under the Civil Act, a
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Law of South Korea
Standing & Jurisdiction
natural or a juristic person has a party standing. An association and a foundation other than a juristic person can have a standing as a party if additional requirements are met. They are (1) there is a decision making body, (2) representing organ that acts thereby creating and exercising and fulfilling the rights and duties of the organization, (3) assets separate from the assets of its members. Jurisdiction The district courts along with their branch courts have original jurisdiction over civil cases. A single judge presides over a case in controversies not exceeding 50 million Korean Won.
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Law of South Korea
Jurisdiction
Above that amount, a panel of three judges hears the case. Cases that are complex and difficult for a single judge to handle are handled by a three-judge panel as well. The specific rules are prescribed in the Regulation on the Subject Matter Jurisdiction in Civil and Family Litigations. The parties can also establish jurisdiction of a particular court by agreement in writing unless another court has an exclusive jurisdiction over the matter. If the defendant fails to raise a timely jurisdictional challenge in its pleading during the pre-trial on the merits of the case, the defendant is
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Law of South Korea
Jurisdiction & Venue
deemed to have consented to the jurisdiction. For cases of international character, Korean Private International Law, also known as Conflicts of Laws determines the jurisdiction. A Korean court has jurisdiction when a party or a case in controversy has substantial relationship with Korea. In determining the jurisdiction, the unique nature of international jurisdiction and the relevant clauses in Korean law are considered as well. Venue There are general and special venues under Korean civil procedure. The court at the defendant's domicile can hear the claims. If the defendant's domicile is not known or does not exist, the court
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Law of South Korea
Venue & Filing a Complaint
at the defendant's residence can hear the claim. The KCPA also lists special venues in addition to general venues such as the workplace, where the obligation is performed, where the subject matter is located, or where the tort occurred. If there are multiple venues, the plaintiff can choose one of them to bring an action. Filing a Complaint A civil action begins when a plaintiff files a complaint, which sets out the alleged facts and remedy sought, with the court. A complaint must state the parties, legal representative if any, the remedy sought, and cause of actions.
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Law of South Korea
Filing a Complaint & Performance Claims & Declaratory Claims & Formation Claims & Service of Process
The plaintiff can seek remedy such as damages, specific performance and injunctions. The three types of actions are performance, declaratory, and formation claims. Performance Claims The action is to compel the defendant to perform or refrain from certain acts. Declaratory Claims The action is to have the court declare existence or absence of the legal relationship in controversy. Formation Claims The action is to create or change a legal relationship by a court order. Service of Process When a complaint is properly received by the court, the court serves the defendant with a duplicate of the complain,
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Law of South Korea
Service of Process & Dismissing Complaint & Pretrial Period
usually by certified mail but also by court officials or a marshall. If the defendant's address cannot be found, the court can order a public notice instead. Dismissing Complaint The plaintiff can dismiss the case at any time before the defendant makes his pleading on the merit. In such case, the defendant is deemed to have consented to dismissal if he makes no objection within two weeks after the plaintiff moves to do so. Pretrial Period This period is to clarify disputed facts and legal issues. The parties exchange briefs and supporting documents through answers and counterclaims
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Law of South Korea
Pretrial Period & Judgment without a Trial & Trial
under the court supervision. The defendant is required to file a written answer within 30 days after the complaint is served. In response, the defendant can accept, dispute, or remain silent about the allegations. Judgment without a Trial If the defendant accepts the claim or admits all the facts, the court can render a judgment without a trial. When the defendant fails to contest the complaints in a timely manner or remains silent, the court can regard it as acceptance or admission as well. Trial When the pre-trial period is over, the judge sets a date for the
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Law of South Korea
Trial & Rules of Evidence
trial. The trial is public and done orally. As there is no jury in civil litigation, all trials are bench trials. The parties can represent pro se and the court can appoint a public defender for In forma pauperis. Rules of Evidence The contested facts need to be proven by evidence while facts admitted by the opponent do not require evidence. The judge can only rule based on the evidence presented and cannot use his or her personal knowledge to rule on the case. The court has very wide discretion in assessing relevance and materiality
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Law of South Korea
Rules of Evidence & Witnesses
of evidence, and virtually any type of evidence can be admitted to the court. Typically, documentary evidences tend to have higher probative value than oral testimony. Witnesses Unlike other countries, the party to the litigation cannot be a witness. A witness has the privilege not to testify if he or she has a justification. KCPA Article 315(1) lists attorneys, patent attorneys, notary public, certified public account, doctors, pharmacists, and priests to have such privilege. The witness is first examined by one party and then cross-examined by the opposing party, followed by re-direct and re-cross. The judge can
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Law of South Korea
Witnesses & Verdict & Appeal
also ask questions of the witnesses during the examination. Leading questions are permitted only on cross-examination and not others. Verdict After the conclusion of the trial, the judge renders a judgment based on the evidence presented and law. The opinion of the court follows a highly structured format of (1) parties and legal representatives, cause of action, date when the pleadings were done, the court. Unlike the opinions of the common law jurisdictions, the Korean judicial opinions tend to be brief and often lack detailed reasoning for the conclusion. Appeal When the decision is given, the losing
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Law of South Korea
Appeal & Res judicata
party can appeal to the court above within 14 days after the judgment is served to that party or else the judgment becomes final. The other party can cross appeal as well. The court of appeals can examine the facts as well as law and the parties can submit new allegations and pieces of evidence. After the appellate court makes a decision, the parties can appeal to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court hears a large number of appeal cases (about 8,859 in 2006) and sometimes rules on factual issues as well. Res judicata After the appeal process
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Law of South Korea
Res judicata & Enforcement & Private Law & Tort Law
is over, the judgment is finalized and is binding. Enforcement The enforcement of civil judgments is dictated by the Civil Execution Act. Judgments rendered by a foreign court can be enforced. Private Law Private Law issues in Korea are regulated by the civil code (민법,民法) and the commerce code (상법,商法). The civil code of Korea was enacted in 1960 and is based upon the Japanese civil code which was used in Korea prior to the enactment. Tort Law Korean Civil Code Article 750 defines torts by stating "Any person who causes losses to or inflicts injuries on another person
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Law of South Korea
Tort Law & International Laws and Treaties
by an unlawful act, willfully or negligently, shall make compensation for damages." International Laws and Treaties Treaties ratified by the Republic of Korea have the same effect as domestic law, as stated in Article 6 of the Constitution. The Constitution gives the power to make treaties to the President, while the National Assembly has the right to consent to treaties made by the President. South Korea is currently party to several international agreements and organizations.
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Lee Harvey Oswald Rooming House
History & Kennedy assassination
Lee Harvey Oswald Rooming House History Built in 1935, the three-bedroom home was bought by Mrs. Gladys Johnson in 1943. It is currently owned by Mrs. Johnson's granddaughter, Patricia Hall, who has opened the home to the public and offers tours. Kennedy assassination Beginning October 14, 1963, Lee Harvey Oswald rented a small room in the Johnson house for $8 a week. He slept there on weeknights, and went back on weekends to suburban Irving, Texas, to be with his wife. On the date of the assassination, November 22, Oswald returned to his room immediately after shooting President John F.
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Lee Harvey Oswald Rooming House
Kennedy assassination
Kennedy from a sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. According to housekeeper Earlene Roberts, Oswald entered the home in a "hurry", grabbed a light jacket and remained in the home only three to four minutes and left on foot. Shortly thereafter, Oswald was confronted by Dallas Police officer J.D. Tippit near the intersection of 10th and Patton. After exchanging a few words, Oswald allegedly fatally shot Officer Tippit and was later arrested a short time later at the Texas Theater.
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Leon Carmen
Background & My Own Sweet Time
Leon Carmen Leon Carmen (born 1949) is an Australian author who is best known for the hoax that resulted from his authorship of the novel My Own Sweet Time—which he wrote under the pseudonym "Wanda Koolmatrie". Background Carmen grew up in Torrens Park in Adelaide and attended Unley High School. His father died when he was fourteen. Carmen married at age 20, however the marriage ended in divorce. He played keyboard in various bands including Red Angel Panic, and has had a number of jobs, including: public servant, taxi-driver, and fruit-picker. In around 1995, Carmen moved to Sydney. My Own Sweet Time In
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Leon Carmen
My Own Sweet Time
1994 the Aboriginal publishing house Magabala Books published My Own Sweet Time, supposedly a biographical account by the author Wanda Koolmatrie—an aboriginal woman born to the Pitjantjatjara people in 1949. The book details how Koolmatrie was taken from her mother in 1950 to be raised by white foster parents, and thus became one of the Stolen Generations. In 1996 the author received the Dobbie Literary Award for the work. When Koolmatrie offered Magabala a sequel to the book in 1997, the publisher discovered the hoax and the affair was made public. The fact that "Koolmatrie" turned out to be a white
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Leon Carmen
My Own Sweet Time
Australian taxi driver named Leon Carmen turned into a "national scandal". In a later interview, Carmen said that he was trying to break into the literary market and believed he could not have got his book published without the subterfuge. Carmen states that his friend and agent, John Bayley, was aware of the plan to write the work under a pseudonym, and helped to select the novel's title. In 1997, a "Brief of Evidence" regarding "the 'Wanda' Case" was compiled by the NSW Police against John Bayley. In 2004 Bayley published a book about the affair, titled: Daylight corroboree : a first-hand
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Leon Carmen
My Own Sweet Time
account of the "Wanda Koolmatrie" hoax. The first edition of the work included supportive quotes (on the rear cover) from the Australian author Dorothy Hewett and from the Australian academic and author Philip Morrissey. The work was included in an anthology of Australian autobiography, and was used as a text for the NSW Higher School Certificate examination.
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Lewiston Maineiacs
History
Lewiston Maineiacs History Their franchise was granted for the 1969–70 season. They played in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, from 1969 to 1992. They were known as the Ducs from 1969 to 1973, and as the Draveurs from 1973 to 1992. They moved to Sherbrooke, Quebec, in 1992 to become the Faucons (1992–1998) and the Castors (1998–2003). The Castors moved to Lewiston, Maine, in 2003. The MAINEiacs clinched the Jean Rougeau Trophy for first overall in the regular season for 2006–07. During the same season, Lewiston increased its annual attendance totals to 94,903 tickets sold. In the playoffs that year, Lewiston went 16–1
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Lewiston Maineiacs
History & Takeover by league and disbanding
to cruise to their first President's Cup. Takeover by league and disbanding On May 31, 2011, the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League held a conference call to prepare an offer to purchase the team from Mark Just for 3.5 million dollars. Under the league's plan, the MAINEiacs would then be disbanded, with players being selected by other clubs in a dispersal draft. Late on May 31, the league issued a press release confirming the sale of the MAINEiacs to the league, and the subsequent disbanding / dispersal draft occurred the following week. While Androscoggin Bank Colisee owners have stated that
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Lewiston Maineiacs
Takeover by league and disbanding
they are searching for a replacement team from outside of the QMJHL to take the MAINEiacs place, they have as yet been unable to do so. The City of Lewiston and the Androscoggin Bank Colisee would end up getting the American Hockey League's Portland Pirates to move to the Colisee for one season after a Lawsuit and Breakdown in discussions of their lease with the Cumberland County Civic Center in Portland.
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Lexington Insurance Company
History & Divisions & Industry Practices
Lexington Insurance Company History Started in 1965 with four people and $3 million in gross written premium from its property-casualty business, Lexington was one of the first U.S. insurers formed to specialize in writing surplus lines coverage. In 1971, Lexington expanded, establishing an office in London. By the 1990s, the company had further grown, establishing programs, healthcare, and catastrophe excess liability divisions. Divisions Property, Casualty, Healthcare, Programs, Personal Lines, Captives/ART Industry Practices Healthcare; Construction; Real Estate; Public Entity; Transportation; Energy; Higher Education
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Liechtensteiner Philatelisten-Verband
Liechtensteiner Philatelisten-Verband The Liechtensteiner Philatelisten-Verband was founded in 1934 to promote philately in Liechtenstein. It is affiliated with the Fédération Internationale de Philatélie.
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Light fixture
History & Fixture types
Light fixture History Fixture manufacturing began soon after production of the incandescent light bulb. When practical uses of fluorescent lighting were realized after 1924, the three leading companies to produce various fixtures were Lightolier, Artcraft Fluorescent Lighting Corporation, and Globe Lighting in the United States. Fixture types Light fixtures are classified by how the fixture is installed, the light function or lamp type.
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London Electric Railway
History
London Electric Railway The London Electric Railway (LER) was an underground railway company operating three lines on the London Underground. It was formed in 1910 and existed until 1933, when it was merged into the London Passenger Transport Board. History The LER was formed and owned by the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) in 1910 to combine the management of three of the company's subsidiary deep-level tube railway companies: the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (BS&WR), the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR) and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR) which had opened in 1906
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London Electric Railway
History
and 1907. The merger was carried out in accordance with the London Electric Railway Amalgamation Act, 1910 by transferring the assets of the CCE&HR and the BS&WR to the GNP&BR and renaming the GNP&BR as the London Electric Railway. Although the LER management was combined, the three lines continued to be identified separately for operational purposes as the Bakerloo tube, Hampstead tube and Piccadilly tube. When the UERL and other transport operators in the London area were merged to form the London Passenger Transport Board on 1 July 1933, the LER was liquidated. The LER's routes now form the central sections of
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London Electric Railway
History
the Bakerloo line, Northern line and Piccadilly line.
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Lucas Victor Schaefels
Life
Lucas Victor Schaefels Lucas Victor Schaefels or Lucas Schaefels (Antwerp, 5 April 1824 – Antwerp, 17 September 1885) was a Belgian painter, draughtsman and engraver known for his still lifes, which for the most part were flower and hunting pieces. He worked in a meticulous style reminiscent of the 17th century Flemish Baroque. Life Lucas Victor Schaefels trained with his father Hendrik Raphael Schaefels, a decorative painter working in a Neo-Classical style and a teacher of decorative design at the Antwerp Academy. His younger brother Hendrik Frans “Rik” Schaefels (1827-1904) became a successful painter and draughtsman who specialized in naval
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Lucas Victor Schaefels
Life
battles, seascapes and Antwerp genre scenes. Lucas Victor Schaefels began as a student of the Antwerp Academy and later became himself a professor of ornamental design at the Academy, replacing his father in that position. Lucas Victor Schaefels' decorative style and strong sense of design earned him a commission to paint the chapels in a few churches in Antwerp. He acted as the unofficial town festival designer by designing and organising the public decorations for the many special occasions that took place in Antwerp, which at the time was a center of flower growing, competitions, and shows, as well as of art
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Lucas Victor Schaefels
Life & Work
competitions and exhibitions. Lucas Victor Schaefels taught many of the next generation of still life painters in Antwerp, including Frans Mortelmans, Joseph Van de Roye and Jules Schaumburg. Work Lucas Victor Schaefels was the foremost floral and still life painter of his generation in Antwerp. His style goes back to the Flemish Baroque of the 17th century and appears not to have been influenced by contemporary art movements. His works feature elaborate and opulent interiors with a wealth of game, produce and flowers arranged in a traditional pyramid-shaped composition. He also produced engravings for frontispieces.
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Luis Leeds
Formula 4 & Formula Renault
Luis Leeds Formula 4 Leeds finished 2015 Australian Formula 4 Championship on the sixth place, competing for Dream Motorsport. In 2016 he became a member of the Red Bull Junior Team and moved to the United Kingdom to compete in F4 British Championship with TRS Arden Junior Racing Team. He ended the season third in the drivers standings with three wins. But it wasn't enough to keep the place in the RB Junior team. Formula Renault In 2017 Leeds joined Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 with Josef Kaufmann Racing. He had two point-scoring finishes, his highest finishing position being seventh place at
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Luis Leeds
Formula Renault
Silverstone.
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Luso-Sundanese padrão
History
Luso-Sundanese padrão The Luso-Sundanese padrão is a stone pillar commemorating a treaty between the kingdoms of Portugal and Sunda, better known as the Luso-Sundanese Treaty of Sunda Kalapa. History Because of the growing Islamic force in Demak and Cirebon, the Hindu king of Sunda, Sri Baduga, sought assistance from the Portuguese at Malacca. He sent his son, Crown Prince Prabu Surawisesa, to Malacca in 1512 and again in 1521, in order to invite the Portuguese to sign a peace treaty, to trade in pepper, and to build a fort at his main port of Sunda Kalapa. By 1522 the Portuguese
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Luso-Sundanese padrão
History
were ready to form a coalition with the Sundanese king in order to gain access to the profitable pepper trade. The commander of the fortress of Malacca at that time was Jorge de Albuquerque. In 1522, he sent a ship, the São Sebastião under Captain Henrique Leme, to Sunda Kalapa with valuable gifts for the king of Sunda. Two written sources detail the concluding of the treaty: the original Portuguese document of 1522, with the text of the treaty and the signatures of the witnesses; and João de Barros’s report in his book Décadas da Ásia, printed after 1777 or 1778. According
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Luso-Sundanese padrão
History
to these sources, the Portuguese were welcomed warmly by the former crown prince, now King Prabu Surawisesa Jayapercosa (or King Surawisesa of Pajundan, also called Ratu Sang Hyang, Portuguese Ratu Samian); Barros called him King Samião. The Portuguese were allowed to build a fortress at the mouth of the Ciliwung River where they could load black pepper to their ships. The King also pledged to give one thousand sacks (more than 20 tons) each year to the Portuguese. The treaty was executed in two copies, one for the king of Sunda, one for the king of Portugal; each was signed
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Luso-Sundanese padrão
History
on August 21, 1522. The Sundanese king's deputies were the chief mandarin Padam Tumangu (Honourable Tumenggung), the mandarins Sangydepaty (Sang Adipati) and Benegar (Bendahara or treasurer), and the shahbandar (harbourmaster) of the land, named Fabian. "On the said day", these mandarins and other honorable men, together with Henrique Leme and his entourage, went to the mouth of the river where the fortress would be constructed, on the "land called Sunda Kalapa". There they erected a memorial stone, called a padrão, in what is now the Tugu sub-district of North Jakarta. It was a Portuguese custom to set up a padrão (memorial
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Luso-Sundanese padrão
History & Details
stone) when they discovered a new land. The padrão, now called the Luso-Sundanese padrão, is kept in the National Museum. Because of troubles in Goa, Portuguese India, the Portuguese failed to keep their promise to come back the following year to construct the fortress. They did not return to the Java Sea until November, 1526, when they arrived in six ships from Bintan under the command of Francisco de Sá. The padrão was rediscovered at the junction between Jalan Cengkeh and Jalan Kali Besar Timur in 1918 when the Dutch East Indies government made a reclamation in this area. Details The Luso-Sundanese
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Luso-Sundanese padrão
Details
padrão is a 165 cm high stone pillar. The upper part of the padrão shows an armillary sphere, a symbol of discovery used by King Manuel of Portugal. On top of the sphere is a trefoil. A cross of the Order of Christ has been carved above the first line of the inscription. The inscription itself, OSPOR .ESFERЯa/Mo is an abbreviation of O Senhor de Portugal. Esfera/Espera do Mundo, meaning The Lord of Portugal. Sphere/Hope of the World.
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Malayan whistling thrush
Taxonomy & Distribution and habitat
Malayan whistling thrush Taxonomy The Malayan whistling thrush was discovered by H. C. Robinson and described as Myiophoneus robinsoni by William Robert Ogilvie-Grant in 1905. The specific name is derived from Robinson's surname. Distribution and habitat Its natural habitat is montane forests. It is usually found near streams. It is situated at elevations of about 750–1,750 m (2,460–5,740 ft) in central peninsular Malaysia. The Malayan whistling thrush historically ranged from the Cameron Highlands to the Genting Highlands. It was present in the Cameron Highlands, where it was trapped in the 1950s and 1960s, but a further survey in 2009–2010 failed to find
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Malayan whistling thrush
Distribution and habitat & Description
it there, bringing into question the reliability of intermediate sightings; it is possible that there may have been confusion with the subspecies dicrorhynchus of the blue whistling thrush (Myophonus caeruleus). Since 1980, it has been trapped and recorded with certainty only in Fraser's Hill. Description The species is monotypic. Its length is 25–26 cm (9.8–10.2 in). The length of the wings of the male is 14–15 cm (5.5–5.9 in). The wing length of the female is 13 cm (5.1 in). Its weight is 87–105 g (3.1–3.7 oz). The male is mostly black-blue. Parts of the head are deep purplish-blue. There is a patch of metallic blue in the
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Malayan whistling thrush
Description & Behaviour and ecology & Status
lesser coverts. The male and female are very similar. The female is slightly browner and slightly smaller. The juvenile is sootier. Behaviour and ecology Its call is a tseee. Its song contains "fluty and scratchy notes". Its diet is probably insects. Breeding has been observed in March and September. The clutch size is 1–2 eggs. The eggs are bluish-grey with pinkish-brown specks. The nest is built of dried plant material and is in a half-cup shape. Status The species's population is estimated at 2500–9999 mature and 3500–15000 total individuals. The population is suspected to be decreasing. The species has areas
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Malayan whistling thrush
Status
of undisturbed habitat, but may be threatened by habitat destruction and degradation caused by conversion of forest to agricultural land, water pollution, invasive species and over-development. Because the species may have a small range and a small population, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has listed it as near threatened.
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Marayke Jonkers
Personal
Marayke Jonkers Personal Jonkers was born on 13 September 1981 in Hobart, and moved to Queensland as a baby. She lives in the Sunshine Coast of Queensland. She became a paraplegic due to a car accident at the age of eight months. She studied Communications and Social Science at the University of the Sunshine Coast where she received two bachelor's degrees. She works as a motivational speaker. In 2009, she became a graduate employment consultant for STEPS Disability Qld. As part of her university studies, she completed an internship with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation working in ABC Online and the
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Marayke Jonkers
Personal & Sporting career
Stateline television show. She has had stories published in The Sunshine Coast Daily and The Weekender. She answered fashion questions in the April 2008 edition of Link Magazine. Sporting career In swimming, Jonkers competed in the S5 (classification) for freestyle, butterfly and backstroke as well as the SM4 individual medley and SB3 breaststroke events. She represents the Maroochydore Swimming Club at national competitions. Jonkers broke more than 70 Australian national swimming records in the breaststroke, individual medley, freestyle and butterfly. She also set a world record for the 100 m butterfly event. Jonkers' began representing her state of
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Marayke Jonkers
Sporting career
Queensland at the age of twelve, and first represented Australia in 1999, winning a gold medal in that year's FESPIC Games. Her first Paralympics was the 2000 Sydney Games, where she placed fourth and sixth. At the 2002 IPC Swimming World Championships, she won two swimming silver medals. At the 2004 Athens Paralympics, Jonkers won two swimming bronze medals in the Women's 150 m Individual Medley SM4 and Women's 50 m Breaststroke SB3 events. She competed at the 2008 Beijing Paralympics, where she was one of Australia's oldest swimmers. She won a silver medal at the Games in the Women's 150 m
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Marayke Jonkers
Sporting career
Individual Medley SM4 event with a time of 3:28.88. In 2009, she set a world record in the 150 m individual medley at Australia's national short course championships held in Hobart. In 2010, she competed at the Queensland Swimming Age Multi Class Championships. She competed in the women's 100 m Breaststroke event, finishing third with a time of 02:50.59. In 2010, at the age of 30, she also competed at the 2010 Telstra Australian Championships the Over 12 years 150 m Medley event where she made the final finished with a time of 4:07.51. She also made the finals in the
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Marayke Jonkers
Sporting career
Over 12 years 50 m Breaststroke event. She was the Australian flag-bearer for the 2010 IPC Swimming World Championships in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, where she won a bronze medal in the 50 m breaststroke SB3 and was part of the 20-point 4×50 m relay team that broke an Oceania record. Jonkers' first paratriathlon competition was as social event related to the 2009 ITU Triathlon World Championships in the Gold Coast. She became Australia's first female paratriathlete and paratriathlon medallist when she competed in the 2010 championships in Budapest, winning a bronze medal in the TRI-1 classification in a time of 2:12:40, eleven minutes better
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Marayke Jonkers
Sporting career & Recognition
than her previous personal best. She had an Australian Institute of Sport Paralympic swimming scholarship. On 9 December 2011, she announced her retirement from competitive swimming due to thoracic outlet syndrome. Recognition Jonkers received an Australian Sports Medal in 2000. At the age of 23, she was named the 2005 Queensland Young Achiever by Premier Peter Beattie. In 2007, she was named the inaugural winner of Cosmopolitan magazine's "fun fearless female award" recognising Australia's most inspirational women who are encouraging others to pursue their dreams. She was featured on page 76 of Cosmopolitan the month that she was recognised. She used
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Marayke Jonkers
Recognition
her prize money to set up the "Sporting Dreams Fund", which helps people with disabilities to develop their sporting talents. In 2010, she was named the Sporting Wheelie of the Year by the Sporting Wheelies and Disabled Association. In 2011, she was an Australia Day Ambassador.
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Markfield
Doomsday book & John Wesley
Markfield Doomsday book Markfield is shown in the Domesday Book published in 1070 as having 2 small households. Ulf is shown as the lord of Markfield, Groby Blaby and Ratby in the hundred of Guthlaxton in Leicestershire in 1066. By 1086, the value had increased fivefold to £0.50 and the lord was Hugh of Grandmesnil who was also associated with the hundreds of Goscote, Guthlaxton and Gartree in Leicestershire. John Wesley Markfield has close links with the Methodist movement and according to a blue plaque on the church, its founder John Wesley paid 13 visits. He
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Markfield
John Wesley & Facilities
was allowed to preach in the parish church as he was friendly with the rector but crowds became so large, he would often preach on the village green. The parish church of St Michaels and all Angels is a grade II listed building. There are two other churches, Holy Trinity Methodist chapel and the Congregational church but the original Methodist chapel (temperance hall) is no longer used. Facilities The village benefits greatly from being surrounded by easily accessible countryside. There are a variety of public footpaths radiating out from the village - including the "Leicestershire Round", which passes along
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Markfield
Facilities
Main Street. To the north-western side of the village lies the Hill Hole Nature Reserve. Hill Hole is the highest point within the village and from the top of this quarried granite outcrop there are extensive views across the Midland Plain (43 miles to the Clent Hills), southwards to the Cotswolds and westwards towards the Leicestershire/Lincolnshire boundary. Almost adjoining Hill Hole are the Altar Stones playing fields and the Blacksmiths Fields nature reserve. Markfield has two public houses, the Queens Head and the Bulls Head. The Coach and Horses, whilst within Markfield parish, is in the village of Fieldhead. Markfield
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Markfield
Facilities
has Chinese and Indian takeaways, a fish and chip shop, a newsagent, an independent shop selling organic produce, a Co-Operative Supermarket, a hardware shop, a financial advisory office, a GP surgery, a chemist, a Londis supermarket, a Post Office, a new library and a cafe. There are also several hair-dressing salons and an industrial estate. The former public house known as the Red Lion has reopened as an Indian restaurant. The village has a well-funded and run Community Centre built in 1985 which has replaced the old Markfield Memorial Miners Institute as the main community building in
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Markfield
Facilities & Industry
the village. There is a Travelodge hotel located on the A50; Industry Markfield has a long association with the quarrying industry and has a particular type of granite, microdiorite named after it. The granite stone (microdiorite) 'Markfieldite' is a very hard granite found in the local area and used in roadstone and railway construction. The former headquarters of Aggregate Industries (now under the Holcim company) was in Markfield and in the last few years a major expansion of the Bardon Hill Quarry into the parish of Markfield has begun creating a large extension which will expand the life of
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Markfield
Industry & Geology
Bardon for another 40 years. In 2009, a private contractor filed for permission to build a brand new housing estate by London Road. A petition to prevent such housing being built took place, arguing that the local primary school, public transport and other services could not cope with the large influx of new residents. The petition to prevent the housing development failed despite the Borough Council refusing the application (it was approved on appeal to the Secretary of State) , and the last few houses have recently been completed. Geology Markfield rests on Precambrian volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and the rare
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Markfield
Geology & Sport
mineral diorite is sometimes called markfieldite because it is found in the village. Sport The Markfield Greyhound and Whippet Track was opened for greyhound racing on 3 January 1931 by the Old Coach & Horses Inn on Leicester Road. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) and was known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.Distances were 330 and 500 yards but the track only survived one year.
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Martin Brudnizki
Career
Martin Brudnizki Martin Brudnizki is a Swedish interior architect and product designer, based in both London and New York. Career Born in Stockholm, Martin Brudnizki moved to London in 1990. to study Interior Architecture and Design at American University of London. In 2000 he founded Martin Brudnizki Design Studio in London, before opening a New York studio in 2012. Specialising in restaurants, bars, hotels and private clubs, he has created many well-known interiors around the world. This includes working with Richard Caring on The Ivy, Scott's (restaurant), Sexy Fish, The Club at The Ivy, Le Caprice, J Sheekey, Annabel's, 34 and
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Martin Brudnizki
Career
the Ivy Chelsea Garden. Working with Nick Jones and Soho House on Soho Beach House Miami, Little House, Dean Street Townhouse, Cecconi’s West Hollywood and Cecconi’s Miami. Working with Rosewood Hotels & Resorts on Scarfes Bar and Hoborn Dining Room. Working with The Royal Academy of Arts on The Academicians' Room and Fortnum & Mason with 45 Jermyn St. Working with Thompson Hotels on the Thompson Miami Beach and The Beekman in the former Temple Court Building and Annex in New York. Working with Rocco Forte Hotels on the Villa Kennedy Frankfurt and the Assila Hotel in
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Martin Brudnizki
Career & Awards and recognition
Jeddah. Brudnizki is currently working with Thomas Keller on a new restaurant at the Surf Club at the Four Seasons in Miami. Alongside working with a number of other entrepreneurs, including Jeff Stober, owner of the Drake Hotel on his restaurant Drake One Fifty in Toronto, Jason Pomeranc on Sessanta in New York, Mark Hix on Hix in Soho, Richard Corrigan on Corrigan’s in Mayfair and Daniel Boulud on Café Boulud in the Four Seasons Toronto. Awards and recognition Brudnizki has been described as ‘one of the best restaurant and hotel designers of his generation’ by Wallpaper (magazine)
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Martin Brudnizki
Awards and recognition
and is regularly listed within both the London Evening Standard 1000 Most Influential People in the UK and House and Garden Top 100 Leading Interior Designers. He has recently been listed as one of Debretts 500 Most Influential People, Debretts People of Today and Wallpaper (magazine) Power 200 as well as being voted one of the '50 Best Interior Designers in the UK' by Country and Townhouse. A variety of projects have won top industry awards including The Beekman winning a BDNY Gold Key award for Best Luxury Lobby in 2017, 45 Jermyn St. winning Best Interior
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Martin Brudnizki
Awards and recognition & And Objects
at the GQ Food and Drink Awards 2017 and Aquavit being named Best Outpost in the Wallpaper* Design Awards 2017. And Objects In 2015 Martin launched And Objects, a dedicated design studio from where he will create his own range of products. Co-founded by Martin and long-term friend Nicholas Jeanes, And Objects collaborates with design partners on bespoke collections, such as recently with Drummonds, The Urban Electric Co., George Smith, Porta Romana and Christopher Farr Cloth. And Objects took part in the Wallpaper* Handmade event during Salone del Mobile in Milan during 2017, designing a candlestick inspired by natural rock
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Martin Brudnizki
And Objects
formations found at Giant's Causeway in Ireland. This is alongside developing an in-house range of products exclusive to the studio under the ‘Other Objects’ banner, which includes those pieces MBDS has previously designed for its interior projects, including the new Annabel's private members' club at 46 Berkeley Square.
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Martin Dreyer
Chess career
Martin Dreyer Chess career Dreyer has represented New Zealand in three Chess Olympiads in Novi Sad 1990, Manila 1992, and Yerevan 1996. His best result was in 1992 when he scored 6.5/9, finishing in 9th place on the reserve board. Dreyer won the New Zealand Chess Championship in Dunedin 1991/92, and jointly with Russell Dive and Robert Smith in Wellington 1995/96. He also jointly won the New Zealand Rapid Chess Championship in 1994/95. Dreyer was awarded the FIDE Master (FM) title in 1992. Dreyer is a former Councillor of the New Zealand Chess Federation and a member of the Howick Pakuranga Chess
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Martin Dreyer
Chess career & Personal life
Club. Personal life Martin Dreyer has been married since 2003 to Gemma Dreyer. They have two children.
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Mafia playboy
Matteo Messina Denaro Mafia playboy Messina Denaro used the pseudonym "Alessio" in his clandestine correspondence with former Mafia boss Provenzano. He suffers from severe myopia and received treatment for this condition at a clinic in Barcelona, Spain in 1994 and 1996. Messina Denaro is often portrayed as a ruthless playboy mafioso and womaniser, driving an expensive Porsche sports car and wearing a Rolex Daytona watch, Ray Ban sunglasses and fancy clothes from Giorgio Armani and Versace. He is an ardent player of computer games, and is said to be the father of an illegitimate child, which is unusual in the conservative
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Mafia playboy & Mafia background
culture of the Mafia. Matteo has a reputation for fast living and allegedly killed a Sicilian hotel owner who accused him of taking young girls to bed. As such, he is remarkably different from traditional Mafia bosses like Salvatore Riina and Bernardo Provenzano who claim to adhere to conservative family values. Mafia background Matteo Messina Denaro was born into the Denaro Family (a well-known Mafia family) in Castelvetrano in the province of Trapani, Sicily. His father Francesco Messina Denaro, known as Don Ciccio, was the capo mandamento of Castelvetrano and the head of the Mafia Commission of the Trapani region.
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Mafia background
Matteo learned to use a gun at 14, and committed his first of many murders at 18. He is estimated to have killed at least 50 people. "I filled a cemetery all by myself," he once bragged. He made a reputation by murdering rival boss Vincenzo Milazzo from Alcamo and strangling Milazzo’s three-months pregnant girlfriend. His father started as a campiere (armed guard) of the D’Alì family, wealthy landowners who were among the founders of the Banco Sicula. He became the fattore (overseer of an estate) of the D’Alì land holdings. They handed over a significant estate in the area Zangara
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Mafia background
(Castelvetrano) to Messina Denaro. However, the real new owner turned out to be Salvatore Riina, with whom Messina Denaro was allied. Antonio D'Alì Sr. had to resign from the board of the Banco Sicula in 1983 because he appeared on the list of the secret freemason lodge Propaganda Due (P2) of Licio Gelli. His son Antonio D'Alì Jr. became a senator for Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia party in 1996, and in April 2001 under-secretary at the Ministry of the Interior, the institution responsible for fighting organised crime. His cousin Giacomo D’Alì is a counsellor of the Banca Commerciale Italiana (Comit) in
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Mafia background & Mafia activity
Milan, which acquired the Banca Sicula in 1991. Matteo’s brother Salvatore Messina Denaro, arrested in November 1998, worked at the Banca Sicula and continued to work for Comit. Mafia activity After the natural death of his father in November 1998, Matteo became capo mandamento of the area including Castelvetrano and the neighbouring cities, while Vincenzo Virga ruled in the city of Trapani and its surroundings. After the arrest of Virga in 2001, Messina Denaro took over the leadership of the Mafia in the province of Trapani. He is said to command some 900 men and apparently reorganised the 20 Mafia
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Mafia activity
families in Trapani into one single mandamento separated from the rest of Cosa Nostra. The Trapani Mafia is considered the zoccolo duro (solid pedestal) of Cosa Nostra and the most powerful except for the families in Palermo. Messina Denaro gets his money through an extensive extortion racket forcing businesses to pay a pizzo (protection money) and skimming off public construction contracts (the family owns substantial sand quarries). He is also active in the international drug trade, allegedly with the Cuntrera-Caruana clan, attracting attention of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). According to the Direzione distrettuale antimafia (DDA) of Palermo, he maintains
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Mafia activity
contacts with relatives in Western New York. He also has interests in Venezuela and contacts with Colombian drug trafficking cartels as well as the 'Ndrangheta. His illicit networks extend to Belgium and Germany. Matteo Messina Denaro has strong links with Mafia families in Palermo, in particular in Brancaccio, territory of the Graviano Family. Filippo Guttadauro the brother of the Giuseppe Guttadauro – the regent of the Brancaccio Mafia while Giuseppe Graviano and Filippo Graviano are in jail – is the brother-in-law of Messina Denaro. They are involved in cocaine trafficking in agreement with ‘Ndrangheta clans from Platì, Marina di Gioiosa Ionica
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Mafia activity & 1992/93 bombings
and Siderno, as well as the Mafia family of Mariano Agate. 1992/93 bombings After bomb attacks in Capaci and Via D'Amelio that killed prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, the arrest of Salvatore Riina on 15 January 1993 and the introduction of strict prison regime (article 41-bis), Cosa Nostra embarked on a terrorist campaign in which Matteo Messina Denaro played a prominent role. The remaining Mafia bosses, among them Matteo Messina Denaro, Giovanni Brusca, Leoluca Bagarella, Antonino Gioè, Giuseppe Graviano and Gioacchino La Barbera, met several times (often in the Santa Flavia area in Bagheria on an estate owned by the
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Matteo Messina Denaro
1992/93 bombings
mafioso Leonardo Greco). They decided on a strategy to force the Italian state to retreat. That resulted in a series of bomb attacks in the Via dei Georgofili in Florence, in Via Palestro in Milan, in the Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano and Via San Teodoro in Rome, which left 10 people dead and 93 injured as well as damage to centres of cultural heritage such as the Uffizi Gallery. Messina Denaro also tailed the TV-journalist Maurizio Costanzo, host of the Maurizio Costanzo Show, who just escaped a car-bomb attack on 14 May 1993. Apparently he also observed the movements of
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Matteo Messina Denaro
1992/93 bombings
Giovanni Falcone and the Minister of Justice, Claudio Martelli, in 1991. After the 1993 bombings Messina Denaro went into hiding and has not been seen since. On 6 May 2002, he received a life-time sentence (in absentia) for his role in the terrorist attacks of 1993. In June 2000, a law enforcement operation led to the arrest of several individuals who assisted the fugitive Matteo Messina Denaro and discovered two residences where he had found shelter. One of these residences was located in an area of Bagheria, while the other was in the Brancaccio area of Palermo. Since one of the
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Matteo Messina Denaro
1992/93 bombings & Possible successor of Provenzano
main rules within the Mafia is that a fugitive should hide in a friendly area, there is reason to believe that Messina Denaro has a good relationship to both Provenzano and the Gravianos. Possible successor of Provenzano Messina Denaro was one of the "young turks" within Cosa Nostra that wanted to set aside Bernardo Provenzano in 1998, according to the pentita Giusy Vitale. Next to Messina Denaro they were Giovanni Brusca, Domenico Raccuglia and Vito Vitale. The younger bosses wanted to take strategic decisions without prior consent of Provenzano. They told him to "go home and take care of your
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Possible successor of Provenzano
family." After the arrest of Bernardo Provenzano on 11 April 2006, Matteo Messina Denaro is often mentioned as his successor. His main rivals are supposed to be Salvatore Lo Piccolo – boss of the mandamento of San Lorenzo in Palermo – and Mimmo Raccuglia from Altofonte. Allegedly Provenzano nominated Messina Denaro in one of his pizzini – small slips of paper used to communicate with other mafiosi to avoid phone conversations. This presupposes that Provenzano has the power to nominate a successor, which is not unanimously accepted among Mafia observers. "The Mafia today is more of a federation and less of an
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Possible successor of Provenzano
authoritarian state," according to anti-Mafia prosecutor Antonio Ingroia of the Direzione distrettuale antimafia (DDA) of Palermo, referring to the previous period of authoritarian rule under Salvatore Riina. Provenzano "established a kind of directorate of about four to seven men who met very infrequently, only when necessary, when there were strategic decisions to make." According to Ingroia "in an organization like the Mafia, a boss has to be one step above the others otherwise it all falls apart. It all depends on if he can manage consensus and if the others agree or rebel." Provenzano "guaranteed a measure of stability because he
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Possible successor of Provenzano & After Lo Piccolo arrest
had the authority to quash internal disputes." According to Sergio Lari, deputy chief prosecutor of Palermo: "Either the directorate can choose a successor or we could again be in for a fiery time." Ingroia said that it was unlikely that there would be an all-out war over who would fill Provenzano's shoes. "Right now I don't think that's probable," he said. Of the two possible successors, Ingroia thought Lo Piccolo was the more likely heir to the Mafia throne. "He's from Palermo and that's still the most powerful Mafia stronghold," Ingroia said. After Lo Piccolo arrest After the arrest of Salvatore
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Matteo Messina Denaro
After Lo Piccolo arrest
Lo Piccolo in November 2007, Messina Denaro is generally viewed as one of the possible leading Mafia bosses. According to Antonio Ingroia, one of the prosecutors of the Direzione Distrettuale Antimafia (DDA) of Palermo, the main leading figures in Cosa Nostra at the moment, Messina Denaro, Giovanni Riina, Domenico Raccuglia, Pietro Tagliavia and Gianni Nicchi, are still too young to be recognized as leading bosses of the organisation. The police believes that Messina Denaro is hiding out close to his family home at Castelvetrano, and is moving between safe houses. On 15 November 2009, Domenico Raccuglia was arrested in a
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Matteo Messina Denaro
After Lo Piccolo arrest
small town near Trapani having been convicted in absentia for murder and other crimes, facing three life sentences. On 18 November 2008, Italian authorities seized 700 million euros in assets from the supermarket king of Sicily, Giuseppe Grigoli, traceable to Messina Denaro. The assets include 12 businesses, 220 real estate holdings - including villas and apartment blocks - and 133 land holdings for a total of 60 hectares. Grigoli was arrested in December 2007 after authorities found documents linking him to Messina Denaro in the hideout where Provenzano was arrested in April 2006. Grigoli has the exclusive franchise for western Sicily
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Matteo Messina Denaro
After Lo Piccolo arrest
of the SPAR supermarket chain. "This is one of the most important operations in recent years," according to Palermo prosecutor Roberto Scarpinato. Investigators believe that through his supermarkets Grigoli was able to launder illicit profits for Cosa Nostra and give a legal cover to mafiosi. "Having conquered the food distribution market, Grigoli was able to give jobs to hundreds of people close to Cosa Nostra or recommended by the Mafia," Scarpinato said. From evidence discovered on tiny paper-scrap messages found in the hut where Provenzano was arrested, Messina Denaro "knew to the last comma the accounts of Grigoli's supermarkets", he
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160,229
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622
Matteo Messina Denaro
After Lo Piccolo arrest & More assets seized
added. More assets seized In January 2010, police seized construction companies, villas, shops and vehicles worth some 550 million euros from a western Sicilian construction magnate, Rosario Cascio, believed to be one of the main bankrollers and money launderers for Messina Denaro. Together with 700 million euros in assets taken from supermarket magnate Giuseppe Grigoli at the end of 2008 and 200 million euros from construction tycoon Francesco Pecora in November 2009. In total 1.4 billion euros have been seized, which is seen as a clear reminder of the deep-rooted economic power of Messina Denaro. In September 2010, police seized a
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Matteo Messina Denaro
More assets seized
record amount of assets worth 1.5 bn euros from a Sicilian businessman Vito Nicastri accused of working with Messina Denaro. He had invested in wind and solar energy sources, as a way of laundering money. The Italian police is applying a new strategy to try to capture Messina Denaro, arresting scores of his underlings and seizing millions of euros in assets. "The circle is closing around the No.1 fugitive," Interior Minister Roberto Maroni said. Palermo Chief Prosecutor Francesco Messineo added that the aim of the strategy against Messina Denaro was to "dry up the water he swims in". With the
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Matteo Messina Denaro
More assets seized & Arrest attempts
arrest of Gerlandino Messina, the alleged boss of Agrigento, on 23 October 2010 in Favara, Agrigento province, the circle around Messina Denaro tightens even more, as notes addressed specifically to Messina Denaro to discuss territorial division will provide clues to his whereabouts and recent activities. Arrest attempts On 15 March 2010, his brother Salvatore Messina Denaro was arrested along with 18 others in operation "Golem 2". They were part of a network surrounding the Mafia boss, and were charged with organising Messina Denaro's secret correspondence in order to help him remain on the run. Other charges include mafia association, corruption
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Arrest attempts & Recent events
and protection rackets. On 19 May 2011, an attempt to arrest Matteo Messina Denaro failed. Police surrounded a manor farm ten minutes from his hometown Castelvetrano. They were tipped by the secret service Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Interna (Italian for "Internal Information and Security Agency" - Aisi), which had provided useful information for the previous arrests of Mafia bosses Giuseppe Falsone and Gerlandino Messina. However, there was no trace of Messina Denaro. In December 2017, over 200 Italian police officers executed search warrants at properties owned by around 30 Italian mafioso in and near Castelvetrano; his hometown, in search for Denaro. Recent
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Recent events
events A new photofit of Messina Denaro was issued in March 2014 after an informant claimed to have seen him in hiding. Despite Denaro's known eye problems, the photofit was issued without glasses. He is described as slightly taller than previously known, and heavier, with hair still remarkably dark for his age. This came only months after Denaro's sister, Patrizia Messina Denaro, was arrested along with several other mafia associates in a serious blow to Denaro by Italian police. In December 2014, there was a mention of police coming close to apprehending Matteo Messina Denaro after Italian police made an estimated
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Matteo Messina Denaro
Recent events
€20 million seizure of assets from him in the form of valuable olive groves in Trapani. Wiretaps had revealed Messina Denaro was receiving funding from the Fountain of Gold olive oil business based in the region.
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May Hnin Theindya
Early life & Queen consort of Pegu
May Hnin Theindya Early life Theindya was born c. 1281 to Princess May Hnin Thwe-Da of Sukhothai and her commoner husband Ma Gadu in Tagaw Wun, then part of the Pagan Empire. According to Mon chronicles, her mother was a daughter of King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai, who had eloped with Gadu, then a foreign-born captain of royal elephant stables at the Sukhothai palace. (However, the narrative may be a legend, or "a trope" to link the early kings of Martaban and those of Siam, and may not be historical.) Queen consort of Pegu Whatever her parents' origins may have
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May Hnin Theindya
Queen consort of Pegu
been, Theindya became a princess of Martaban in 1287. That year, her father, who had seized the provincial governorship of Martaban (Mottama) a few years earlier, declared independence from Pagan, and proclaimed himself king. About six years later, her father, now known by the royal style of Wareru, married Theindya off to Tarabya of Pegu, the strongman and self-proclaimed king of Pegu (Bago), the region immediately north of Martaban. Wareru also married Tarabya's daughter Shin Saw Hla in double marriages of state. Theindya and Tarabya had two sons before the alliance between her father and her husband ended acrimoniously c. 1296.
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160,230
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May Hnin Theindya
Queen consort of Pegu & Epilogue
Her father defeated her husband, and became the sole ruler of the three Mon-speaking regions of Lower Burma. Although Wareru spared Tarabya's life, Tarabya was soon discovered plotting an attempt on Wareru. It was Theindya that overheard the plot and reported it to her father. But when her father ordered Tarabya's execution, she tied her tresses with his and dared executioners to cut off his head. It did not work; the executioners managed to cut his hair off, and beheaded him. Epilogue It was the last mention of Theindya in the chronicle Razadarit Ayedawbon. The chronicle states that Wareru brought
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May Hnin Theindya
Epilogue
up Shin Gyi and Shin Nge, the two young sons of Tarabya and Theindya. But the boys held a grudge against their grandfather for the father's death. In January 1307, they stabbed their unsuspecting grandfather to death. The boys were caught, and executed.
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Merry Christmas Creek
Merry Christmas Creek Merry Christmas Creek is a stream in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, in the United States. It is a tributary of Slate Creek. Prospectors likely coined the name which first appeared on a government map in 1902.
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160,232
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Mesakin people
Mesakin people Mesakin is an ethnic group in the Nuba Hills in Sudan. The population of this minority possibly exceeds 50,000. They speak Ngile and Dengebu, Niger–Congo languages close enough to be considered dialects.
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160,233
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2
0
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589
Museum of the City of Merida
History
Museum of the City of Merida History The current headquarters of the Museum of the City constitutes an element of large importance for Mérida not only by its architectural style that stands out from the surrounding buildings, but also for its historical value. This Federal Palace was inaugurated at the end of the Porfirio on May 5th, 1908 under the Mandate of the governor Enrique Muñoz Arístegui. Inside the museum offices of telegraphs, posts and courts have been established. Designed and built by the Military Engineer Salvador Echegaray distinguished by his neoclásic style, it resonates with the true touch of
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Museum of the City of Merida
History & Exhibition rooms & Prehispanic Merida
the French style, giving some modern tones in the finishing of the walls and aluminum works. In honor to the history of the building, inside the museum is an exhibit of representative objects that mark the period during which it served for the postal service. Exhibition rooms In the museum, there are exhibitions containing 150 pieces of permanent form that vary from pieces of great historical value to archaeologic pieces. All these pieces are distributed in four main rooms, as detailed below. Prehispanic Merida This room contains many pieces that there were in the ancient Merida of the previous period to
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160,233
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14
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Museum of the City of Merida
Prehispanic Merida & The colony or Novohispanic Merida & Merida in the 19th century and principles of the XX
the conquest of the Spaniards. It even houses pieces that date to the Maya civilization. The colony or Novohispanic Merida This is the room in which they begin to present objects that trace back to the period of the Merida's foundation as well as objects of the daily life of the period, armament and other pieces that show to Mérida during the Colony. Merida in the 19th century and principles of the XX In this room, there are artifacts that represent the development of the city and its economic growth. Other pieces refer to the period of the inland revenues,