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Webb Ellis Rugby Football Museum
Webb Ellis Rugby Football Museum The Webb Ellis Rugby Football Museum is a rugby football museum in the town centre of Rugby in Warwickshire, England, near Rugby School. It takes its name from William Webb Ellis who is credited with inventing the game of Rugby football. The museum, (previously known as the James Gilbert Rugby Football Museum) opened in the 1980, and is housed in the building where the shoe and boot maker James Gilbert, (nephew of William Gilbert), first made rugby balls in 1842. On its premises (see image) it is identified as The Rugby Museum. The museum is
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Webb Ellis Rugby Football Museum
packed with much rugby memorabilia, including a Gilbert football of the kind used at Rugby School that was exhibited at the first World's Fair, at the Great Exhibition in London and the original Richard Lindon (inventor of the rubber bladder for rugby balls) brass hand pump. Traditional handmade rugby balls are still made at the museum.
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Background
Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11 Background The Irwin gas coal basin is an area in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. It encompasses the townships of North Huntingdon, Penn, Sewickley, Salem, South Huntingdon, Hempfield and Irwin, and the boroughs of Murrysville, Export and Delmont. The coal mined in the district was unsuitable for use as coke. However, it was ideal for gasification and conversion into coal gas. Seven companies dominated coal mining in the Irwin Basin in 1910. In 1854, the Westmoreland Coal Company was formed to begin mining coal in the region. In 1905, it bought a controlling interest
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Background
in Penn Gas Coal, a company established in 1861 to gasify coal. Penn Gas Coal, in turn, had obtained a one-third ownership in the Manor Gas Coal Company. Through these purchases, Westmoreland Coal had a near-monopoly on the gas coal market, and was the largest bituminous coal company in Pennsylvania. In 1892, Robert Jamison and his sons founded the Jamison Coal and Coke Company (originally the Jamison Coal Company). In 1886, the Berwind family and Judge Allison White founded the Berwind-White Coal Mining Co. In 1902, a number of smaller coal gas companies in and around Greensburg, Pennsylvania, merged to
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Background & Origins of the strike
form the Keystone Coal and Coke Company. In 1905, Latrobe-Connellsville Coal and Coke Company was formed when Marcus W. Saxman merged three of his wholly owned or controlled coal companies. These companies were very paternalistic. Company towns (colloquially referred to as "coal patches") were established, company stores founded and workers often paid in company scrip. Origins of the strike Coal miners increasingly agitated for improved wages and working conditions after 1900. Miners demanded an eight-hour day and wages equal to those paid in the nearby Pittsburgh coal basin. Since miners were paid by the ton, workers also wanted to standardize the
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Origins of the strike
size of coal wagons to ensure they were paid fairly. Miners also sought to be paid for mining "slack" (very fine coal), and for "dead work" (laying of track, shoring up tunnels, pumping out water, and removing slate and clay). Westmoreland Coal, Penn Gas Coal and Keystone Coal and Coke strongly resisted the miners' demands and any attempt at unionization. Companies used the Coal and Iron Police to physically intimidate and sometimes beat pro-union miners, workers were fired, and coal companies evicted families from the "coal patches" whenever miners struck. The situation came to a head in 1910. The coal companies reduced
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Origins of the strike & Strike
wages by 16 percent, paying only 58 cents per ton-and-a-half of coal mined. The breaking point came when Keystone Coal and Coke announced that miners would have to begin using new safety lights and new forms of explosives—and pay for these items themselves. Strike Miners' unions had tried to organize Westmoreland County coal mines since 1883, but had little success. In February 1910, however, the lower wage rates and new expenses led miners at Keystone Coal and Coke to meet and discuss their grievances among themselves. The miners decided to invite the United Mine Workers of America
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Strike
(UMWA) to form a union. On March 7, 1910, Van Bittner, a UMWA vice president, arrived in Westmoreland County and formed a local union. Four hundred miners signed up and paid dues. Keystone Coke and Coal immediately fired 100 miners for attending the union organizing meeting. The Keystone miners walked off the job, and the strike swiftly spread throughout the Irwin Basin. Union recognition became the biggest issue in the strike. The workers felt that if they could win recognition of the union, their other demands would come easily. When the miners struck on March 9, the coal companies evicted thousands
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Strike
of families from their company-owned homes. UMWA spent $25,000 purchasing tents and constructing shanties, and set up 25 tent cities to accommodate the homeless. Near the town of Export, more than 100 tents went up, making it the largest tent city during the strike. Ethnic tension threatened to divide the nascent union. Slovaks comprised 70 percent of the striking miners, but the strike committee was led by native-born miners of English, German and Irish descent. UMWA organizers Bittner and Frank Hayes worked hard to overcome these divisions, however. Multi-lingual organizers were employed, each ethnic group elected its own representatives,
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Strike
and parades and rallies featured musicians and speakers from all groups. Public backing for the strike was high. Westmoreland County had a long history of support for unions. Local religious leaders signed petitions in favor of the union, testified before the United States Congress on behalf of workers, and called on the governor and state legislature to force the coal companies to submit to arbitration. UMWA support for the strike, however, was not nearly as strong. International union president Thomas Lewis had not condoned the strike, and criticized efforts by leaders in surrounding UMWA Districts to drum up increased support for the
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Strike & Strikebreakers
strikers. But in March 1910, a special meeting of the UMWA international executive board voted to support the strike, forcing Lewis to grudgingly offer the union's resources. Eventually, the union gave more than $1 million in relief payments to the strikers. Lewis, however, continued to work to undermine the union's support for the strike. He backed an insurgent faction in District 6 to unseat leaders who supported the strike. The act led to internecine warfare in the union and charges that Lewis and his candidates were in league with mine owners. Strikebreakers To end the strike and break the union,
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Strikebreakers
the coal companies began importing thousands of Eastern European immigrants to work the mines. Coal company representatives on the East Coast promised immigrants a job and housing, and paid for them and their families to move to Pennsylvania. The flow of strikebreakers was small at first, but by the fall it was nearly a flood. The number of new immigrant workers was so large that the Penn Gas Coal company constructed 30 two-story houses in Hahntown to house its replacement workers, leading local residents to refer to the area as "Scab Hill". Management often took advantage of the strikebreakers, however. Company
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Strikebreakers
recruiters were ordered not to tell potential workers that they would be employed as strikebreakers. The coal companies sought out recent immigrants who did not speak English (or who spoke or understood it poorly), and then used this handicap against the strikebreakers. If workers tried to quit, the Coal and Iron Police prevented them from leaving and told them that they had to work off the cost of their transportation before resigning. When strikebreakers still tried to leave, the police beat them and forced them back to work. In some cases, fences were built around strikebreaker housing to intimidate the
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Strikebreakers & End of the strike
workers into staying. The abuse of strikebreakers was so severe that the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Labor held hearings on whether the coal companies had illegally forced people into peonage. End of the strike By mid-1911, the strike had taken its toll on the coal companies. At least $500,000 had been spent on security, and coal production had dropped by 45 percent. The larger companies, however, used their financial reserves and income from non-mining operations (such as rental properties, company stores and even breweries) to withstand the economic pressure exerted by the miners. But all companies benefited from
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
End of the strike
a significant slump in the demand for coal in 1910 and 1911, which leveled the playing field vis-a-vis their competitors. But the miners were worse off than the employers. The winter of 1910–11 was particularly cold, and the miners and their families suffered tremendously. The union built numerous shacks and shanties, and moved miners' families out of tents and into the shacks for better protection from the elements. But not enough shelter could be erected, and 400 families spent the entire winter in tents. Hunger and disease were also beginning to become widespread among strikers' families. In early 1911, the UMWA's support
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
End of the strike
for the strikers appeared strong. In January 1911, Lewis lost the presidency of UMWA to John P. White. White fully backed the strike, and the UMWA convention reaffirmed the union's support for the miners. But just six months later, the UMWA called a halt to the strike. The union had disbursed more than $1 million in strike relief funds, but it was no longer financially able to keep the strike going. On July 1, 1911, the UMWA executive board voted to end to the strike. Although most miners returned to work, about 400 were blacklisted and forced to seek employment outside
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
End of the strike & Women's resistance & Singing women
Pennsylvania. Women's resistance The Westmoreland County coal strike was the setting for one of the more colorful incidents in the life of Mary Harris Jones, better known as "Mother Jones". Even though she was 73 years of age, Mother Jones agreed to travel to Westmoreland County to support the United Mine Workers in their strike. Singing women A number of miners' wives had been arrested in the summer of 1910 for harassing strikebreakers and company security personnel. Jones encouraged the women to bring their babies and small children with them when they were sentenced by the court in Greensburg. The presiding
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Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–11
Singing women
judge sentenced the women to pay a $30 fine or serve 30 days in jail. Unable to pay, the women were jailed. As there was no one else to care for the children, the judge was forced to jail the children along with their mothers. While the women were being processed for imprisonment, Jones instructed them: "You sing the whole night long. You can spell one another if you get tired and hoarse. Sleep all day and sing all night and don't stop for anyone. Say you're singing to the babies. I will bring the little ones milk and fruit.
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Singing women
Just you all sing and sing." Unfortunately, the jail was next door to the sheriff's home, as well as several hotels, lodging houses, and other homes. The sound of women singing all through the night kept most of the townspeople awake. After five days of sleeplessness, the townspeople angrily demanded that the judge order the women's release. He did so. The incident has become known as "the women who sang their way out of jail".
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White Tiger (2012 film)
Plot
White Tiger (2012 film) Plot After an Eastern Front tank battle in the summer of 1943, a Russian tank driver is found alive in a destroyed Soviet tank among dozens of other wrecked tanks. Miraculously recovering from burns on 90% of his body, he suffers amnesia and cannot recall his identity. He receives a new passport with the name Ivan Naydёnov (from the Russian word найденный, "found") and is returned to duty. Naydёnov believes he has the mysterious ability to communicate with tanks as if they were people, though he tries not to advertise this. He is also recognized as
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White Tiger (2012 film)
Plot
the best tank driver in his army group. In the meantime, rumors arise about a new, invincible Nazi tank that appears seemingly out of nowhere and disappears just as quickly, destroying dozens of Soviet tanks. A captured German soldier describes the tank as a Panzer VI Tiger painted completely in white. This mysterious, heavily-armored and powerfully-armed enemy tank is dubbed the "White Tiger" by the Soviet and German forces. Naydёnov is given command of a prototype tank, an upgraded version of a T-34/85 with stronger armor, a more powerful engine, and only needing three crew members. Given his skills, Naydёnov is ordered
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White Tiger (2012 film)
Plot
to locate and destroy this White Tiger. He plans to hide his tank in a ditch in the middle of a forest and use another T-34 to lure the White Tiger into an ambush. On the edge of the forest, the White Tiger appears and opens fire. Naydёnov's plan fails, the other T-34 is destroyed by the Tiger, and Naydёnov's tank is damaged when the Tiger hits it from behind. The White Tiger then retreats back into the forest from which it came. The crew of Naydёnov's tank is confused on why the White Tiger didn't destroy them when it
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White Tiger (2012 film)
Plot
had been behind them at such a close range. The Soviet officers believe the Tiger sank into the swamp behind the forest where it disappeared, but Naydёnov believes it's still out there. As the story turns out, Naydёnov believes in the existence of "The Tank God" He thinks that he was revived because the Tank God wanted Him to destroy the "White Tiger". He believes this is why he can understand the tanks and why he survives his battles, he thinks that when shells are fired at him his own tank warns him of the incoming danger and he avoids it.
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White Tiger (2012 film)
Plot
Naydёnov becomes obsessed with finding the mysterious Nazi tank. He is convinced that the enemy tank is unmanned, a ghost of the war. The counterintelligence officer assigned to track down the White Tiger comes to believe the latter's interpretation and assists Naydënov. A captured German officer also reveals that he has never received any reports or documents on the existence of this Tiger, and he remarks that the legend of the death tank is causing more fear than hope in the German Army. During a subsequent battle, a Soviet tank force is completely destroyed by the White Tiger, which reloads and
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Plot
fires faster and more accurately than any tank crew should have been able to. When it withdraws, Naydёnov gives chase in his tank and comes upon an abandoned village. After destroying a hidden Panzer IV, he comes upon the White Tiger and engages it. The White Tiger's turret is damaged during the battle, but it manages to escape after Naydënov's T-34's gun is disabled. The sympathetic counterintelligence officer attempts to convince his commanding general that both the White Tiger and the "born-again" Naydёnov are creations not of man, but of the war itself. The general is unconvinced and sends the
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Plot
counterintelligence officer on 10-day leave, thinking the officer is exhausted or insane. After the Battle of Berlin and the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945, the counterintelligence officer meets Naydёnov in a field and tries to convince him to go home, saying that the war is over. But Naydёnov disagrees, saying that the war will not truly end until the White Tiger is destroyed. Naydёnov believes the White Tiger has gone into hiding and has been recovering from its wounds since their last battle. He claims it will return in several decades unless it is completely destroyed. Naydёnov then vanishes
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Plot
along with his tank, seemingly into thin air. In the final scene, Hitler is shown seated in a large room with a fireplace, talking to a shadowy stranger and defending his actions during the war. Monologue begins with an observation that he and Germany will from now on be seen as monsters, he then proceeds with an insinuation that his attack on Russia was only a realization of what all of Europe silently wanted and were uneasy to openly admit. He finally ends with saying that war has no beginning or end and that it is the original human state.
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Who Made Who
Lyrics & Reception
Who Made Who Lyrics The song "Who Made Who" was written for the Stephen King movie Maximum Overdrive, where the theme was around machines that came alive and begin killing people. The lyrics follow the idea of the gadgets and devices created by mankind coming to rule over human beings instead of the other way around; the irony where humans become subservient to the technology they created. Reception The song "Who Made Who" became the band's most successful single in years, reaching #16 in the UK and #33 in the US. It was also voted second best track of 1986
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Who Made Who
Reception
by the readers of Hit Parader magazine. Following this, a re-issue of "You Shook Me All Night Long" was released from the album, peaking at #46 in the UK. The album has sold five million copies in the US. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic calls the album "a ripping AC/DC retrospective" and applauds the band "rescuing songs like Sink the Pink' from otherwise mediocre albums."
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Whoopie pie
History
Whoopie pie History While considered a New England classic and a Pennsylvania Amish tradition, they are increasingly sold throughout the United States. The whoopie pie is the official state treat of Maine (not to be confused with the official state dessert, which is blueberry pie). Gob [the term indigenous to the Pittsburgh region] has been trademarked by the Dutch Maid Bakery in Johnstown. The owner, Tim Yost, bought the rights to the name and the process in 1980. The world's largest whoopie pie was created in South Portland, Maine, on March 26, 2011, weighing in at 1,062 lb (481.7 kg). Pieces of the giant whoopie
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Whoopie pie
History & Origin controversy
pie were sold and the money was used to send Maine-made whoopie pies to soldiers serving overseas. The previous record holder, from Pennsylvania, weighed 200 lb (90.7 kg). The town of Dover-Foxcroft, in Piscataquis County, Maine, has hosted the Maine Whoopie Pie Festival since 2009. In 2014, more than 7,500 people attended the festival. The 2013 festival had eight different whoopie pie vendors in attendance. Bakers from across Maine compete for top whoopie pie in a number of categories. Origin controversy Pennsylvania, Maine, Massachusetts, Virginia and New Hampshire all claim to be the birthplace of the whoopie pie. The Pennsylvania Dutch Convention &
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Whoopie pie
Origin controversy
Visitors Bureau notes that the whoopie pie recipe comes from the area's Amish and Pennsylvania German culture—origins that are unlikely to leave an official paper trail—and has been handed down through generations. Labadie's Bakery in Lewiston, Maine has been making the confection since 1925. The now-defunct Berwick Cake Company of Roxbury, Massachusetts was selling "Whoopee Pies" as early as the 1920s, but officially branded the Whoopee Pie in 1928 to great success. Various claims suggest that the whoopie pie originated in Massachusetts and spread both north and south, or that German immigrants in Pennsylvania brought the predecessor of the whoopie
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Whoopie pie
Origin controversy
pie to communities throughout the northeast. A clue into how the possibly Amish dessert got to be so popular in New England can be found in a 1930s cookbook called Yummy Book by the Durkee Mower Company, the manufacturer of Marshmallow Fluff. In this New England cookbook, a recipe for "Amish Whoopie Pie" was featured using Marshmallow Fluff in the filling. In 2011, the Maine State Legislature considered naming the whoopie pie the official state pie. The proposal received bipartisan support. L.D. 71, officially known as "An Act to Designate the Whoopie Pie as the State Dessert", read "The whoopie pie,
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Whoopie pie
Origin controversy
a baked good made of two chocolate cakes with a creamy frosting between them, is the official state dessert". The Maine Legislature eventually decided to declare the whoopie pie the official state treat, and chose blueberry pie (made with wild Maine blueberries) as the official state dessert. In Houston, TX, it is served at its Mainely Sandwiches restaurants.
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Wichita River
Wichita River The Wichita River (/ˈwɪtʃɪtɔː/ WITCH-i-taw), part of the Red River watershed, lies in north-central Texas. Rising in northeastern Knox County at the confluence of its North and South Forks, the river flows 90 miles (140 km) northeast across Baylor, Archer, Wichita, and Clay counties before joining the Red River just west of Byers Bend in northern Clay County. The Texan Santa Fe Expedition crossed the river at the site of present-day Wichita Falls in 1841 and found a large Wichita Indian village at the site; the river was later named after the tribe. Today, the largest human settlement on the
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Wichita River
river is the city of Wichita Falls, which was named after a five-foot waterfall on the river that later washed away in a flood in 1886. The city after nearly 100 years of visitors wanting to visit the non-existent falls built an artificial waterfall beside the river in Lucy Park. The recreated falls are 54 feet (16 m) high and recirculate at 3,500 gallons per minute. They are visible to south-bound traffic on Interstate 44. The river is dammed in Archer County, forming Lake Diversion, and in Baylor County, forming Lake Kemp; there are also two small reservoirs on the river in
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Wichita River
Wichita County, one furnishing water for the town of Iowa Park and the other providing water for local irrigation. The Wichita River has three tributaries; the Wichita proper, as stated above, is formed by the confluence of its North and South Forks. The North Fork runs for 100 miles (160 km) from northeastern Dickens County through King, Cottle, and Foard counties before joining the South Fork. The Middle Fork flows 35 miles (56 km) from north-central King County to its meeting with the North Fork in southwestern Foard County. The South Fork rises in eastern Dickens County and runs for 100 miles (160 km)
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Wichita River
through King and Knox Counties before joining the North Fork; the King County seat of Guthrie lies on the South Fork.
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601
William B. Greeley
William B. Greeley William Buckhout Greeley (1879–1955) was the third chief of the United States Forest Service, a position he held from 1920 to 1928. Greeley was born September 6, 1879, in Oswego, New York, to parents Frank Norton Greeley, a Congregational clergyman, and Anna Cheney (Buckhout) Greeley. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1901, and received a Master of Forestry degree from Yale University in 1904. In 1924 he established the first wilderness area in the United States: Gila Wilderness in Gila National Forest, New Mexico. After finishing at the top of the first Yale
{"datasets_id": 160695, "wiki_id": "Q23012848", "sp": 4, "sc": 601, "ep": 4, "ec": 1207}
160,695
Q23012848
4
601
4
1,207
William B. Greeley
forestry graduating class of 1904, Greeley was handpicked by Gifford Pinchot to be the Forest Service's Region 1 forester. In that position, he had responsibility over 41 million acres (170,000 km2) in 22 National Forests in four western states (all of Montana, much of Idaho, Washington, and a corner of South Dakota). One year after the Great Fire of 1910 Greeley received a promotion to a high administration job in Washington. In 1920, he became Chief of the Forest Service. The fire of 1910 convinced him that Satan was at work, and elevated firefighting to the raison d'être — the overriding
{"datasets_id": 160695, "wiki_id": "Q23012848", "sp": 4, "sc": 1207, "ep": 4, "ec": 1872}
160,695
Q23012848
4
1,207
4
1,872
William B. Greeley
mission — of the Forest Service. Under Greeley, the Service became the fire engine company, protecting trees so the timber industry could cut them down later at government expense. Pinchot was appalled. The timber industry successfully oriented the Forestry Service toward policies favorable to large-scale harvesting via regulatory capture, and metaphorically, the timber industry was now the fox in the chicken coop. Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt had envisioned, at the least, that public timber should be sold only to small, family-run logging outfits, not to big syndicates. Pinchot had always preached of a "working forest" for working people and small-scale
{"datasets_id": 160695, "wiki_id": "Q23012848", "sp": 4, "sc": 1872, "ep": 4, "ec": 2539}
160,695
Q23012848
4
1,872
4
2,539
William B. Greeley
logging at the edge, preservation at the core. In 1928 Bill Greeley left the Forest Service for a position in the timber industry, becoming an executive with the West Coast Lumberman's Association. When Pinchot traveled west in 1937, to view those forests with Henry S. Graves, what they saw "tore his heart out." Greeley's legacy, combining modern chain saws and government-built forest roads, had allowed industrial-scale clear-cuts to become the norm in the western national forests of Montana and Oregon. Entire mountainsides, mountain after mountain, were treeless. "So this is what saving the trees was all about." "Absolute devastation", Pinchot wrote
{"datasets_id": 160695, "wiki_id": "Q23012848", "sp": 4, "sc": 2539, "ep": 4, "ec": 2687}
160,695
Q23012848
4
2,539
4
2,687
William B. Greeley
in his diary. "The Forest Service should absolutely declare against clear- cutting in Washington and Oregon as a defensive measure", Pinchot wrote.
{"datasets_id": 160696, "wiki_id": "Q16066097", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 271}
160,696
Q16066097
2
0
4
271
William Masters Smith
William Masters Smith William Masters Smith (20 March 1802 – 24 December 1861) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for West Kent from 1852 to 1857. He married Frances Elphinstone, daughter of Sir Howard Elphinstone, 1st Baronet, on 6 September 1836.
{"datasets_id": 160697, "wiki_id": "Q8036391", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 115}
160,697
Q8036391
2
0
10
115
World Vegetable Center
Germplasm collection & Action to fight climate change
World Vegetable Center Germplasm collection A collection of vegetable germplasm is kept at the World Vegetable Center, which is considered to have the largest and most diverse collection in the world. The collection itself contains more than 60,000 accessions of 442 different species collected from 156 countries. AVGRIS, the WorldVeg Vegetable Genetic Resources Information System, provides access to all the Center's data associated with germplasm conservation and management, from registration, characterization, evaluation, and seed inventory to seed distribution. Action to fight climate change According to The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), "At the World Vegetable Center, experts are looking to the wild
{"datasets_id": 160697, "wiki_id": "Q8036391", "sp": 10, "sc": 115, "ep": 10, "ec": 192}
160,697
Q8036391
10
115
10
192
World Vegetable Center
Action to fight climate change
relatives of domesticated crops to save the human diet from climate change."
{"datasets_id": 160698, "wiki_id": "Q1185119", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 686}
160,698
Q1185119
2
0
6
686
Wyandot language
History
Wyandot language History Although it is traditionally equated with or seen as a dialect of the Iroquoian Wendat (Huron), Wyandot became so differentiated as to be considered a distinct language. This change appears to have happened sometime between the mid-eighteenth century, when the Jesuit missionary Pierre Potier (1708–1781) documented the Petun dialect of Wendat in Canada, and the mid-nineteenth century. By the time the ethnographer Marius Barbeau made his transcriptions of the Wyandot language in Wyandotte, Oklahoma, in 1911–1912, it had diverged enough to be considered a separate language. Significant differences between Wendat and Wyandot in diachronic phonology, pronominal prefixes, and
{"datasets_id": 160698, "wiki_id": "Q1185119", "sp": 6, "sc": 686, "ep": 6, "ec": 1311}
160,698
Q1185119
6
686
6
1,311
Wyandot language
History
lexicon challenge the traditional view that Wyandot is modern Wendat. History suggests the roots of this language are complex; the ancestors of the Wyandot were refugees from various Huronian tribes who banded together to form one tribe. After being displaced from their ancestral home in Canada on Georgian Bay, the group traveled south, first to Ohio and later to Kansas and Oklahoma. As many members of this group were Petun, some scholars have suggested that Wyandot is more influenced by Petun than by its descent from Wendat. The work of Marius Barbeau was used by linguist Craig Kopris to reconstruct Wyandot;
{"datasets_id": 160698, "wiki_id": "Q1185119", "sp": 6, "sc": 1311, "ep": 10, "ec": 338}
160,698
Q1185119
6
1,311
10
338
Wyandot language
History & Orthography
he developed a grammar and dictionary of the language. This work represents the most comprehensive research done on the Wyandot language as spoken in Oklahoma just prior to its extinction (or its "dormancy" as modern tribal members refer to it). Orthography Wendat is written with the Latin alphabet. Although based on the 17th-century orthography of the Jesuit missionaries, the current orthography no longer uses the Greek letters θ for [tʰ], χ for [kʰ], ͺ for [ç], or ȣ for [u] and [w]. Pre-nasalization of stops is indicated by ⟨n⟩ (e.g., ⟨nd⟩). Nasal vowels are indicated as in French by ⟨n⟩
{"datasets_id": 160698, "wiki_id": "Q1185119", "sp": 10, "sc": 338, "ep": 12, "ec": 11}
160,698
Q1185119
10
338
12
11
Wyandot language
Orthography & Wyandot and Wendat today
(e.g., ⟨en⟩, ⟨on⟩). To disambiguate nasal vowels from oral vowels followed by /n/, the latter have diaeresis over the vowel (e.g., ⟨ën⟩, ⟨ön⟩). Glottal stops are written with an apostrophe. The fricative /ʃ/ is written as ⟨ch⟩. Wyandot uses a different orthography from Wendat that explicitly indicates allophones of consonants (e.g. ⟨m⟩, ⟨g⟩). Pre-nasalization of stops is indicated by a raised <ⁿ> (e.g., ⟨ⁿd⟩, ⟨ⁿg⟩). Nasal vowels are indicated by a nasal hook (e.g., ⟨ę⟩, ⟨ǫ⟩). Glottal stops are written with the IPA character ⟨ʔ⟩. The fricatives /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ are indicated with a hachek, as ⟨š⟩ and ⟨ž⟩. Wyandot and
{"datasets_id": 160698, "wiki_id": "Q1185119", "sp": 12, "sc": 11, "ep": 14, "ec": 635}
160,698
Q1185119
12
11
14
635
Wyandot language
Wyandot and Wendat today
Wendat today Members of the Wyandotte Nation, whose headquarters is in Wyandotte, Oklahoma, are promoting the study of Wyandot as a second language among its people as part of a cultural revival. Since 2005, Richard Zane Smith (Wyandot) has been volunteering and teaching in the Wyandotte schools with the aid of the linguist Kopris. Linguistic work is also being done on the closely related Wendat. The anthropologist John Steckley was erroneously reported in 2007 as being "the sole speaker" (non-native) of Wendat. Several Wendat scholars have master's degrees in Wendat language and have been active as linguists in the Wendat community
{"datasets_id": 160698, "wiki_id": "Q1185119", "sp": 14, "sc": 635, "ep": 14, "ec": 985}
160,698
Q1185119
14
635
14
985
Wyandot language
Wyandot and Wendat today
in Quebec. In Wendake, Quebec, the First Nations people are working on a revival of Wendat language and culture. The language is being introduced in adult classes and into the village primary school. The Wendat linguist Megan Lukaniec has been instrumental in helping to create curriculum, infrastructure, and materials for Wendat language programs.
{"datasets_id": 160699, "wiki_id": "Q21598428", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 364}
160,699
Q21598428
2
0
4
364
Xia Feiyun
Xia Feiyun Xia Feiyun (夏飞云 Tongxiang, Zhejiang, 1936) is a Chinese conductor. Xia studied violin, western conducting and Chinese conducting at the Shanghai Conservatory 1953–1961, then joined the teaching staff, later conducting the Shanghai Conservatory Chinese Orchestra. Xia has an extensive discography on Chinese classical labels, as well as Marco Polo and Yellow River.
{"datasets_id": 160700, "wiki_id": "Q3395622", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 540}
160,700
Q3395622
2
0
6
540
Youth Front
History
Youth Front History FJ emerged as a 1978 split of Fuerza Nueva, the main neofrancoist party in Spain at the time. The split with the mainstream far-right happened for similar reasons with the previous split of the National Youth Front (FNJ) in 1977. The split happened due to the stagnation of the main far-right political forces and the frustration of new members of the security section - the sections C and Z - of Fuerza Joven (youth-wing of FN). FJ was founded by José de las Heras and Juan Ignacio González, and later joined by between 100 and 300 members
{"datasets_id": 160700, "wiki_id": "Q3395622", "sp": 6, "sc": 540, "ep": 6, "ec": 1183}
160,700
Q3395622
6
540
6
1,183
Youth Front
History
during that year. FJ was opposed to the "parliamentary way" of Fuerza Nueva and FE-JONS, defending also the lack of utility of peaceful demonstrations, supporting the creation of paramilitary units to fight against "marxism". The Youth Front was based mainly in Madrid and Valladolid (while the FNJ was based in Barcelona). FJ supported violence as a destabilizing element of system, and as its main political strategy. One of the first actions of the group was taking part in the neofascist assault against the Law Faculty of the Complutense University of Madrid in 1979, along with members of Fuerza Joven and FE-JONS. There
{"datasets_id": 160700, "wiki_id": "Q3395622", "sp": 6, "sc": 1183, "ep": 6, "ec": 1775}
160,700
Q3395622
6
1,183
6
1,775
Youth Front
History
were at least 30 far-right militants involved in the assault, that resulted in 3 people from the Law Faculty with gunshot wounds. On 29 April 1979, the group stabbed Andrés García, an 18 year old communist, at Goya Street. Andrés died due to the injuries. On the 14th of July of the same year FJ placed a Goma-2 explosive at the bar "El Parnasillo" (Malasaña), for allegedly being a place were anarchists and drug addicts congregated. One person died and 9 were injured. In 1980, the group gained new members after the self-dissolution of the National Youth Front. The most prominent
{"datasets_id": 160700, "wiki_id": "Q3395622", "sp": 6, "sc": 1775, "ep": 6, "ec": 2398}
160,700
Q3395622
6
1,775
6
2,398
Youth Front
History
of the new members was Ernesto Milà. At the end of the same year, Juan Ignacio González, the "national secretary" of the organization, was murdered. The murder was never solved, although there is some speculation that it was caused due to an internal feud between rival factions of the organization. His death caused a crisis in the organization. Twenty-four members were arrested in the cities of Madrid and València on 26 January 1981, for various robberies carried out to fund the organization. Also in 1981, 16 members were arrested for various attacks in Valladolid, against the headquarters of the CNT, PSOE,
{"datasets_id": 160700, "wiki_id": "Q3395622", "sp": 6, "sc": 2398, "ep": 6, "ec": 3044}
160,700
Q3395622
6
2,398
6
3,044
Youth Front
History
Cervantes Cinema and the City Hall. FJ also killed Carlos Javier Idígoras Navarrete (a drug addict) and Luis Arribas Santamaría (a beggar). Later, in the same year, FJ also bombed the headquarters of the Communist Movement and various book shops. The group was finally dismantled by the Spanish police in 1982, after a demonstration commemorating the 23-F coup attempt. During the demonstration members of FJ threw molotov cocktails against the police. The historic leader of the group, José de las Heras Hurtado, was in search and seizure since 1984, after failing to appear in the El Parnasillo bombing trial. Newspaper El País
{"datasets_id": 160700, "wiki_id": "Q3395622", "sp": 6, "sc": 3044, "ep": 6, "ec": 3073}
160,700
Q3395622
6
3,044
6
3,073
Youth Front
History
found him at Brazil in 2016.
{"datasets_id": 160701, "wiki_id": "Q8062038", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 191}
160,701
Q8062038
2
0
4
191
Yusuke Yachi
Yusuke Yachi Yusuke Yachi (Japanese: 谷内 雄亮; born 2 January 1980) is a Japanese race walker. He finished seventeenth at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka, in his major international debut race.
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 87}
160,702
Q8069274
2
0
8
87
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Synthesis
Zeolitic imidazolate framework Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a class of metal-organic frameworks that are topologically isomorphic with zeolites. ZIFs are composed of tetrahedrally-coordinated transition metal ions (e.g. Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) connected by imidazolate linkers. Since the metal-imidazole-metal angle is similar to the 145° Si-O-Si angle in zeolites, ZIFs have zeolite-like topologies. As of 2010, 105 ZIF topologies have been reported in the literature. Due to their robust porosity, resistance to thermal changes, and chemical stability, ZIF’s are being investigated for applications such as carbon capture. Synthesis ZIFs are prepared by solvothermal or hydrothermal techniques. Crystals slowly grow from
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 8, "sc": 87, "ep": 8, "ec": 784}
160,702
Q8069274
8
87
8
784
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Synthesis
a heated solution of a hydrated metal salt, an ImH (imidazole with acidic proton), a solvent, and base. Functionalized ImH linkers allow for control of ZIF structure. This process is ideal for generating monocrystalline materials for single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A wide range of solvents, bases, and conditions have been explored, with an eye towards improving crystal functionality, morphology, and dispersity. Prototypically, an amide solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is used. The heat applied decomposes the amide solvent to generate amines, which in turn generate the imidazolate from the imidazole species. Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and water have also been explored as
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 8, "sc": 784, "ep": 8, "ec": 1572}
160,702
Q8069274
8
784
8
1,572
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Synthesis
alternative solvents for ZIF formation but require bases such as pyridine, TEA, sodium formate, and NaOH. Polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinylpyrrolidone, and poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) have been found to act as crystal dispersants, imparting particle-size and morphology control. Due to their promising material properties, significant interest lies in economical large-scale production methods. Sonochemical synthesis, which allows nucleation reactions to proceed rapidly through acoustic generation of localized heat and pressure, has been explored as a way to shorten synthesis times. As with the case of zeolites, microwave-assisted synthesis has also been of interest for the rapid synthesis of ZIFs. Both
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 8, "sc": 1572, "ep": 8, "ec": 2270}
160,702
Q8069274
8
1,572
8
2,270
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Synthesis
methods have been shown to reduce reaction times from days to hours, or from hours to minutes. Solvent-free methods, such as ball-milling or chemical vapor deposition, have also been described to produce high-quality ZIF-8. Chemical vapor deposition is of particular promise due to the high degree of uniformity and aspect ratio control it can offer, and its ability to be integrated into traditional lithographic workflows for functional thin films (e.g. microelectronics). Environmentally-friendly synthesis based on supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) have been also reported as a feasible procedure for the preparation of ZIF-8 at an industrial scale. Working under stoichiometric conditions,
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 8, "sc": 2270, "ep": 12, "ec": 477}
160,702
Q8069274
8
2,270
12
477
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Synthesis & Applications to carbon capture
ZIF-8 could be obtained in 10 hours and does not require the use of ligand excess, additives, organic solvents or cleaning steps. Applications to carbon capture ZIF’s exhibit some properties relevant to carbon capture, but commercial technology is based on amine solvents. One method to separate carbon dioxide exploits differences in its permeability. Because of the tunability of the pores, zeolites have been used to separate carbon dioxide. The pore size ranges from 3-12 Angstroms. Because the size of a carbon dioxide molecule is approximately 5.4 Angstroms, zeolites with a pore size of 4-5 Angstroms can be a great fit for
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 12, "sc": 477, "ep": 12, "ec": 1060}
160,702
Q8069274
12
477
12
1,060
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Applications to carbon capture
carbon capture. However, there are factors other than just pore size that need to be considered when determining how effective zeolites will be at carbon capture. The first is basicity, which can be created by doing an alkali metal cation exchange. The second is the Si/Al ratio which impacts the cation exchange capacity. To get a higher adsorption capacity, there must be a lower Si/Al ratio in order to increase the cation exchange capacity. Zif’s 68, 69, 70, 78, 81, 82, 95, and 100 have been found to have very high uptake capacity, meaning that they can store a lot of
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 12, "sc": 1060, "ep": 16, "ec": 297}
160,702
Q8069274
12
1,060
16
297
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Applications to carbon capture & Sensing and Electronic Devices
carbon dioxide even if they don’t have extremely high affinities. Of those, 68, 69, and 70 show high affinities for carbon dioxide, evidenced by their adsorption isotherms, which show steep uptakes at low pressures. One liter of ZIF can hold 83 liters of CO 2. This could also be useful for pressure-swing adsorption. Sensing and Electronic Devices ZIF’s are also good candidates for chemical sensors because of their tunable adsorbance properties. ZIF-8 exhibits sensitivity when exposed to the vapor of ethanol and water mixtures, and this response is dependent on the concentration of ethanol in the mixture. Additionally, ZIF’s are attractive
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 16, "sc": 297, "ep": 20, "ec": 294}
160,702
Q8069274
16
297
20
294
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Sensing and Electronic Devices & Drug Delivery
materials for matrices for biosensors, like electrochemical biosensors, for in-vivo electrochemical measurements. They also have potential applications as luminescent probes for the detection of metal ions and small molecules. ZIF-8 luminescence is highly sensitive to Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions as well as acetone. ZIF nanoparticles can also sense fluorescently tagged single stranded pieces of DNA. Drug Delivery Because ZIF’s are porous, chemically stable, thermally stable, and tunable, they are potentially a platform for drug delivery and controlled drug release. ZIF-8 is very stable in water and aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions but decompose quickly in acidic solutions, indicating a pH sensitivity
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 20, "sc": 294, "ep": 24, "ec": 557}
160,702
Q8069274
20
294
24
557
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Drug Delivery & ZIFS vs MOFs
that could aid in the development of ZIF-based drug-release platforms. ZIFS vs MOFs While ZIFs are a subset of the MOF hybrids that combine organic and metal frameworks to create hybrid microporous and crystalline structures, they are much more restricted in their structure. Similar to MOFs, most ZIF properties are largely dependent on the properties of the metal clusters, ligands, and synthesis conditions in which they were created. Most ZIF alterations up to this point have involved changing the linkers - bridging O2- anions and imizazolate-based ligands - or combining two types of linkers to change bond angles or pore size
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 24, "sc": 557, "ep": 24, "ec": 1255}
160,702
Q8069274
24
557
24
1,255
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
ZIFS vs MOFs
due to limitations in synthesizing methods and production. A large portion of changing linkers included adding functional groups with various polarities and symmetries to the imidazolate ligands to alter the ZIFs carbon dioxide adsorption ability without changing the transitional-metal cations. Compare this to MOFs, which have a much larger degree of variety in the types of their building units. Despite these similarities with MOFs, ZIFs have significant properties that distinguish these structures as uniquely to be applied to carbon capture processes. Because ZIFs tend to resemble the crystalline framework of zeolites, their thermal and chemical stability are higher than those of
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 24, "sc": 1255, "ep": 24, "ec": 1903}
160,702
Q8069274
24
1,255
24
1,903
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
ZIFS vs MOFs
other MOFs, allowing them to work at a wider range in temperatures, making them suitable to chemical processes. Perhaps the most important difference is the ZIFs hydrophobic properties and water stability. A main issue with zeolites and MOFs, to a certain extent, was their adsorption of water along with CO2.[7] Water vapor is often found in carbon-rich exhaust gases, and MOFs would absorb the water, lowering the amount of CO2 required to reach saturation. MOFs are also less stable in moist and oxygen rich environments due to metal-oxygen bonds performing hydrolysis. ZIFs, however, have nearly identical performances in dry and humid
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 24, "sc": 1903, "ep": 28, "ec": 520}
160,702
Q8069274
24
1,903
28
520
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
ZIFS vs MOFs & ZIFs vs commercially available products
conditions, showing much higher CO2 selectivity over water, allowing the adsorbent to store more carbon before saturation is reached. ZIFs vs commercially available products Even in comparison with other materials, the ZIFs most attractive quality is still its hydrophobic properties. When compared to ZIFs in dry conditions, activated carbon was nearly identical with its uptake capacity. However, once the conditions were changed to wet, the activated carbon’s uptake was halved. When this saturation and regeneration tests were run at these conditions, ZIFs also showed minimal to no structural degradation, a good indication of the adsorbent’s re-usability. However, ZIFs tend to be
{"datasets_id": 160702, "wiki_id": "Q8069274", "sp": 28, "sc": 520, "ep": 28, "ec": 1029}
160,702
Q8069274
28
520
28
1,029
Zeolitic imidazolate framework
ZIFs vs commercially available products
expensive to synthesize. MOFs require synthesis methods with long reaction periods, high pressures, and high temperatures, which aren’t methods that are easy to scale-up. ZIFs do tend to be more affordable than commercially available non-ZIF MOFs. When combined with polymer-sorbent materials, research determined that hybrid polymer-ZIF sorbent membranes no longer following the upper bound of the Robeson plot, which is a plot of selectivity as a function of permeation for membrane gas separation.
{"datasets_id": 160703, "wiki_id": "Q8070112", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 221}
160,703
Q8070112
2
0
4
221
Zhan Jiang (swimmer)
Zhan Jiang (swimmer) Michael Zhan Jiang (born 29 April 1968) is a Chinese former swimmer who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics. 29 Times China National Champions In Butterfly Event. Lifetime Member Of American Swimming Coaches Association.
{"datasets_id": 160704, "wiki_id": "Q17319111", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 537}
160,704
Q17319111
2
0
6
537
Zhu Lin (tennis)
Career
Zhu Lin (tennis) Career Zhu has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour, one doubles title on the WTA Challenger circuit as well as nine singles titles and five doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 25 February 2019, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 93. On 1 May 2017, she peaked at No. 106 in the doubles rankings. Zhu made her WTA Tour debut at the 2014 Hong Kong Tennis Open. Having entered the qualifying tournament, she defeated Wang Yafan, Raluca Olaru, and Elitsa Kostova for a spot in the main draw, where she subsequently
{"datasets_id": 160704, "wiki_id": "Q17319111", "sp": 6, "sc": 537, "ep": 6, "ec": 984}
160,704
Q17319111
6
537
6
984
Zhu Lin (tennis)
Career
recorded her first ever main-draw win at the WTA level by defeating Kristýna Plíšková in the first round. Zhu made her Grand Slam Singles debut at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships, where she lost to Belarusian qualifier Aliaksandra Sasnovich in three sets. After losing six first round matches, Zhu clinched her first victory at a Grand Slam singles tournament at the 2019 US Open, beating compatriot teenager Wang Xinyu in straight sets.
{"datasets_id": 160705, "wiki_id": "Q55316457", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 229}
160,705
Q55316457
2
0
6
229
1930 Arkansas gubernatorial election
Republicans
1930 Arkansas gubernatorial election Republicans Republicans did not hold primaries in Arkansas until the 1960s, instead nominating their candidates at the state convention. James Livesay, a lawyer and judge from Foreman, was nominated as the Republican gubernatorial candidate.
{"datasets_id": 160706, "wiki_id": "Q6905151", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 371}
160,706
Q6905151
2
0
10
371
1992 Montenegrin Championship
Stadiums & Conditions
1992 Montenegrin Championship Stadiums The competition was held at several makeshift fields in Cetinje, near the Kotor, and in Njeguši. Final matches were played at Stadion Obilića Poljana in Cetinje. Conditions Due to the tense political situation in Montenegro, the championship was played without media attention. Then the only newspaper in the state has not published any articles about the competition. A lot of games have been played in secret. The last final match were played among 2,000 spectators, but broader, national public was not informed about that who is a champion.
{"datasets_id": 160707, "wiki_id": "Q2274259", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 540}
160,707
Q2274259
2
0
6
540
2002 Molise earthquake
First shock
2002 Molise earthquake First shock During the night of 30–31 October there had already been three minor earthquakes, with the strongest at 3.27 (a magnitude of 3.5 on the Richter Scale, IV–V on the Mercalli intensity scale). The strongest tremor took place at 11.32 on Thursday 31 October 2002 in the area of lower Molise, which is situated in the north-east of the Province of Campobasso. It reached from the Frentani Mountains to the Fortore valley. It lasted for 60 seconds and could be felt distinctly in the centre of Molise, in the Capitanata, the Province of Chieti,
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160,707
Q2274259
6
540
10
134
2002 Molise earthquake
First shock & Tectonics
and could be felt in Marche, Bari, Benevento, Matera, Brindisi, Rome, Naples, Potenza, Salerno, Taranto and Pescara. San Giuliano di Puglia was near the epicentre (located between Campobasso, Larino and the Apennine Dauno). Due to the quake part of the roof of the school building "Francesco Jovine" collapsed. The school included a kindergarten, a primary school and a middle school. The roof landed on the lower part of the school. There were 57 children, 8 teachers and 2 caretakers trapped under the rubble. Tectonics According to the United States Geological Survey: Preliminary moment tensor solutions for this earthquake imply that the shock
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160,707
Q2274259
10
134
10
804
2002 Molise earthquake
Tectonics
occurred as the result of movement on a strike-slip fault. The fault would be either a north-south, left-lateral fault or an east-west, right-lateral fault. Some geologists have hypothesized that a major component of the relative motion between the African plate and Eurasian plate is accommodated on a north-south, left-lateral, boundary that passes near the epicenter of the earthquake. The boundary is thought to accommodate slip of 5–10 mm/ year. The preliminary focal-mechanisms are consistent with this model. It is noteworthy, however, that many destructive earthquakes in Italy occur as the result of deformation of the earth's crust that is not related
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160,707
Q2274259
10
804
10
1,043
2002 Molise earthquake
Tectonics
in a simple way to the present-day movements of the African and Eurasian plates. Until detailed studies of this earthquake are completed, hypotheses on the earthquake's relationship to large-scale plate-tectonic processes are speculative.
{"datasets_id": 160708, "wiki_id": "Q17108903", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 189}
160,708
Q17108903
2
0
6
189
2004 Arkansas High School AAAAA Boys Soccer Season
State Playoffs
2004 Arkansas High School AAAAA Boys Soccer Season State Playoffs The top four teams from each conference qualified to state. The first three rounds were hosted by Fayeteville. The championship match was played at Ladyback Field in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
{"datasets_id": 160709, "wiki_id": "Q4607558", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 18, "ec": 164}
160,709
Q4607558
2
0
18
164
2006–07 Nashville Predators season
Regular season & Playoffs & Transactions & Minor league affiliates
2006–07 Nashville Predators season Regular season The Predators finished the regular season having allowed the fewest shorthanded goals, with two. Playoffs The Nashville Predators ended the 2006–07 regular season as the Western Conference's fourth seed. Transactions The Predators have been involved in the following transactions during the 2006–07 season. Minor league affiliates The Milwaukee Admirals are Nashville's top affiliate in the American Hockey League in 2006–07, and the New Mexico Scorpions are the Central Hockey League affiliate.
{"datasets_id": 160710, "wiki_id": "Q4606200", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 204}
160,710
Q4606200
2
0
8
204
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Second Round
Format
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Second Round The AFC Second Round of 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification began on 18 February 2004 and finished on 17 November 2004. The highest-ranked country in each group at the end of the stage progressed to the third round, where the eight remaining teams will be divided into two groups of four. Format The 32 teams (25 teams given a bye directly to the second round and 7 winners from the play-off round) were split into five groups of four teams each – with all teams playing home and away against each of
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160,710
Q4606200
8
204
8
317
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Second Round
Format
the other three teams in the group. The highest-ranked team in each group qualified for the third round.
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160,711
Q4627110
2
0
6
540
2012 US Open – Men's singles final
Match
2012 US Open – Men's singles final Match Andy Murray won the first set in what would be the longest tiebreak in a men's championship match, taking 24 minutes to win the tie-break 7–6. The first set lasted 87 minutes (including the 24-minute tiebreak), featured four breaks of serve in the first four games of the match and a 54-shot rally which Djokovic won in the sixth game. Additionally, the first set tie-break featured two 30-plus shot rallies and Murray needed six set points to finally take out the first set. The second set appeared to head in Murray's direction as
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160,711
Q4627110
6
540
6
1,049
2012 US Open – Men's singles final
Match
he went 4–0 up and then 5–2 before Djokovic won the next three games to level the set at 5–all. Murray then held his serve to edge ahead 6–5, then broke Djokovic's serve to win the set 7–5 and go two sets up in the final. The third set was the shortest of the final; Djokovic winning the third set 6–2 after breaking Murray twice in the set. He also took the fourth set 6–3 to level the match at two sets all. Thus, he was in a position where he could become the first man since Gastón Gaudio in 2004
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160,711
Q4627110
6
1,049
6
1,643
2012 US Open – Men's singles final
Match
to win a championship match after losing the first two sets. On that occasion, Gaudio won the 2004 French Open final over Guillermo Coria after losing the first set 6–0. The final set was also a short affair, with Murray opening up a sizeable lead and putting himself in a strong position to serve for the championship at 5–2. Murray served out to gain a triple championship point, and after Djokovic saved the first, he emerged victorious on the second after a Djokovic return sailed just over the baseline. Murray claimed his first Grand Slam title after four previous final defeats,
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160,711
Q4627110
6
1,643
10
188
2012 US Open – Men's singles final
Match & Murray and Djokovic about the match
emulating his coach Ivan Lendl, who also won his first major title after four previous final defeats. His victory also denied Djokovic the chance to claim the biggest pay day in tennis history, where he could have won $US2.4 million having claimed the 2012 US Open Series after winning the Rogers Cup and finishing runner-up to Roger Federer at Cincinnati. Murray and Djokovic about the match Andy Murray said after the match that a toilet break at the end of the fourth set helped him to restore his concentration: "I looked in the mirror and said to myself, 'For one set,
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160,711
Q4627110
10
188
10
778
2012 US Open – Men's singles final
Murray and Djokovic about the match
just give it everything you’ve got. You don’t want to come off this court with any regrets. Don’t get too down on yourself. Just try and fight'." He also stated that he had shown he can win major trophies. "I proved that I can win the grand slams. And I proved that I can last four-and-a-half hours and come out on top against one of the strongest guys physically that tennis had probably seen, especially on this surface. (I learned) to not doubt myself physically and mentally from now on. I'm sure that would have a positive impact in the future." Novak Djokovic
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160,711
Q4627110
10
778
14
9
2012 US Open – Men's singles final
Murray and Djokovic about the match & Reaction
praised Murray after the match, conceding that he was the better player on the day, and stating that he felt that Murray deserved this championship: "He deserved to win this grand slam more than anybody because over the years he has been a top player, he has been so close, lost four finals. Now he has won it so I would like to congratulate him. Definitely happy that he won it. Us four (Federer, Nadal, Djokovic and Murray), we are taking this game to another level. It's really nice to be part of such a strong men's tennis era." Reaction Murray's
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160,711
Q4627110
14
8
14
563
2012 US Open – Men's singles final
Reaction
US Open victory was met with a positive reaction around the world. In the United Kingdom alone, up to 1.5 million people had stayed up to watch the match, which started at 9:00pm and ended just after 2:00am British Summer Time. Tim Henman, whose best ever result at a Major tournament was reaching the semi-finals on six occasions (once at the French Open, four times at Wimbledon and once at the US Open), declared: "I definitely see him going on to win more. How many he can win, only time will tell. The Olympics and this will give him so much
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160,711
Q4627110
14
563
14
1,188
2012 US Open – Men's singles final
Reaction
confidence. I said the first one would be the hardest but I think it will be the first of many, I really do." Many fellow players current and former, took to Twitter in order to congratulate Murray, including Rafael Nadal, Pat Cash, Laura Robson, Victoria Azarenka, Jo Durie and Colin Fleming, as well as a host of other sportsmen and celebrities such as Gary Lineker, Sir Chris Hoy, Gordon Reid, Stephen Fry and Sir Alex Ferguson. Prime Minister David Cameron and Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond were amongst British politicians who were quick to praise Murray. Dunblane Conservative councillor Callum Campbell
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160,711
Q4627110
14
1,188
14
1,480
2012 US Open – Men's singles final
Reaction
stated: "The word proud just doesn't do it any justice. The people of Dunblane have been supporting Andy and his brother Jamie since they were young boys and Andy has repaid their loyalty 10 times over. A lot of young people who live in Dunblane look up to Andy. He is a local hero."
{"datasets_id": 160712, "wiki_id": "Q56283209", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 512}
160,712
Q56283209
2
0
6
512
2018 Elite 10 (September)
Format
2018 Elite 10 (September) Format Instead of normal curling scoring rules, the Elite 10 uses a match play system in which scoring is based on ends won, rather than rocks scored. An end is won by stealing or scoring two with the hammer, similar to skins curling. Unlike skins, however, there are no carry-overs. In the event of a tie, a draw to the button competition is held to determine the winner. In the standings, wins are worth three points, draw to the button wins are worth two points, and draw to the button losses are worth one point. At
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160,712
Q56283209
6
512
18
59
2018 Elite 10 (September)
Format & Qualification & Round robin results & Round robin results
the end of the round robin, the top six teams (regardless of pool) advance to the playoffs, with the top two advancing to the semifinals automatically. Qualification The top 10 men's and women's teams in the World Curling Tour's Order of Merit rankings as of August 1, 2018 were invited to compete in the Elite 10. If any teams declined, the next highest team was invited until the field of 10 teams was complete. Round robin results All draw times are listed in Eastern Daylight time (UTC-4). Round robin results All draw times are listed in Eastern Daylight time (UTC-4).
{"datasets_id": 160713, "wiki_id": "Q48791235", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 410}
160,713
Q48791235
2
0
8
410
4x4 house
History
4x4 house The 4x4 house is a private residential house designed by the Japanese architect Ando Tadao and located in Tarumi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, on the coast of the Inland Sea in Japan. History The 4x4 house plan was built in the aftermath of the Great Hanshin earthquake. The architecture magazine Brutus invited its readers to submit development ideas to a selection of architects. The latter picked this sea-front site idea. The redevelopment project was comprised or narrow and chaotic strips of lands. Tadao Ando had already done the Church on the Water on the close-by island of Hokkaido (4km away)
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160,713
Q48791235
8
410
8
1,017
4x4 house
History
which was the epicenter of the 1995 earthquake. The house was built in 2003. The lot, about 65 square meters, was the property of Yoshinari Nakata. 1/4 of the land is regularly flooded by seawater. Nakata was the reader who suggested his own lot to the Brutus call-to-submission. Tadao Ando was interested by the site's limitations and its closeness to the 1995 earthquake. An identical house (4x4 house II) was commissioned to Ando Tadao by the neighbor of the adjacent plot (built in 2004), but the two twin houses were built using different materials. The 4x4 has a staircase and is made
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160,713
Q48791235
8
1,017
8
1,618
4x4 house
History
of concrete, and its copy has an elevator and is made of wood (laminated pine from Oregon and Paulownia wood). Using different materials was a suggestion made by the architect. The architect has often worked on twin and/or dualistic structures (and he has a twin brother). This brutalist modernist house on the beach is close to surrealistic. The architect has also published an addition proposition for the house, a straight concrete staircase descending from the house to the sandy beach, with a square concrete patio at the base of the stairs that sinks under water when the sea is at full