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{"id": 8333, "answer": 2, "text": "Throughout history, we will find that people are eager to know what will happen in the future. From primitive myths, religious stories to folk legends, there are many contents about prediction. A common feature of these predictions is mystery-knowing what it is but not why. In the history of natural development, scientists have also made predictions many times, and their methods are very different from those of mysticism. For example, in the early days of ancient Greek civilization, the philosopher Fengles traveled to Babylon, learned the periodic law of solar and lunar eclipses and successfully predicted a solar eclipse. This prediction is based on hundreds of years of astronomical observations and laws of Babylonian astronomers, which anyone can do as long as they study hard. There are many such successful predictions of solar and lunar eclipses in ancient China.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to describe this passage?", "options": ["Many predictions in history are actually guesses.", "The early prediction of human beings is mainly the prediction of solar and lunar eclipses.", "Ancient scientific prediction is based on the understanding of the laws of nature.", "There are a large number of successful cases of scientific prediction at all times and all over the world."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9507, "answer": 0, "text": "See micro-knowledge means that when you see a little sign, you can know its development trend or the essence of the problem.", "question": "Which of the followings best reflects the knowledge of the micro-knowledge?", "options": ["See a leaf fall and know that autumn is coming", "A dike of a thousand miles is destroyed by an ant's nest", "Years of cold, and then know that the pines and cypresses will eventually wither", "You know horsepower from a distance, and you can see people's hearts over time"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4555, "answer": 2, "text": "Green consumption, also known as sustainable consumption, refers to a new consumption behavior and process characterized by moderate consumption control, avoiding or reducing damage to the environment, advocating nature and protecting ecology.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is not green consumption", "options": ["Try to buy plain goods to reduce packaging waste", "Resist disposable chopsticks and protect wood resources", "Eat the original ecological rare game to reduce the processing cost", "Buy low energy consumption appliances and reduce electricity consumption"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3164, "answer": 2, "text": "Although computers can help people communicate, computer games hinder the development of teenagers' communication skills. They spend their spare time playing computer games instead of communicating with others. Therefore, young people who spend their spare time playing computer games have worse communication skills than other children.", "question": "The above conclusions are most likely based on which of the following assumptions:", "options": ["Some passive activities, such as watching TV and listening to music, will not hinder the development of children's communication ability", "Most children have other things to do besides playing computer games", "Children who do not play computer games in their spare time are communicating with others at least for some time", "The enhancement of thinking ability brought by playing computer games is not of substantial benefit to children's intellectual development"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12593, "answer": 2, "text": "Few animals brave the midday heat of the Sahara desert. An exception is the silver ant, which chooses this time of day to leave its nest and scout for food, typically the corpses of heat-stricken animals. Even the silver ant, however, must be careful: at such times they can become victims of the heat themselves.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, LEAST helps to explain the silver ant's choice of scavenging times?", "options": ["The chief predators of the silver ant must take cover from the sun during midday.", "The cues that silver ants use to navigate become less reliable as the afternoon progresses.", "Silver ants cool themselves by climbing onto small pieces of dried vegetation to take advantage of random light breezes.", "Other scavengers remove any remaining corpses as soon as the temperature begins to drop in the afternoon."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11722, "answer": 1, "text": "Statistical records of crime rates probably often reflect as much about the motives and methods of those who compile or cite them as they do about the actual incidence of crime. The police may underreport crime in order to convey the impression of their own success or overreport crime to make the case for a budget increase. Politicians may magnify crime rates to get elected or minimize them to remain in office. Newspapers, of course, often sensationalize crime statistics to increase readership.", "question": "The argument proceeds by doing which one of the following?", "options": ["deriving implications of a generalization that it assumes to be true", "citing examples in support of its conclusion", "enumerating problems for which it proposes a general solution", "showing how evidence that apparently contradicts its conclusion actually supports that conclusion"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12358, "answer": 1, "text": "Naima: The proposed new computer system, once we fully implemented it, would operate more smoothly and efficiently than the current system. So we should devote the resources necessary to accomplish the conversion as soon as possible. Nakai: We should keep the current system for as long as we can. The cost in time and money of converting to the new system would be greater than any predicted benefits.", "question": "Naima and Nakai disagree with each other over whether", "options": ["the current computer system does not work well enough to do what it is supposed to do", "the conversion to a new computer system should be delayed", "it is essential to have the best computer system available", "the predicted benefits of the new computer system will be realized"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4596, "answer": 3, "text": "The cremation of the Jurchen nobles in the Jin dynasty mainly used wooden coffinsw,ooden boxes or stone letters to collect ashes. Cremation has always been popular among the Jurchens in the Jin dynasty. However,the shikeng cremation tombs in the Jinyuan area in the early Jin dynasty and those after the mid-Jin dynasty There are essential differences between the various types of cremation tombs. The former is a legacy of Jurchen's old customs, and the latter is influenced by buddhism. In the middle and late Jin dynasty, after the Jurchens occupied the Yellow River Basin, buddhism has become very popular among the Han people. This shows that the Jin dynasty funeral custom of the Jurchens nobles has been sinicized.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best supports the above conclusion?", "options": ["Buddhism occupies a very important position among the Jurchen aristocrats in the Jin dynasty", "Cultural exchanges between the Jurchen and Han nationalities in the Jin dynasty are very frequent", "The influence of buddhism on the jurchen aristocracy in the Jin dynasty is not only reflected in the funeral customs.", "The influence of buddhism on the funeral customs of the jurchen aristocrats in the Jin Dynasty occurred in the cultural exchange with the Han nationality"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7012, "answer": 3, "text": "Just as insect bites can cause itching, skin contact with plant toxins can also cause itching. Studies on itching of oak leaves have found that when they come into contact with plant toxins, skin cells release histamine that causes redness, swelling and itching. Antihistamine drugs such as diphenhydramine can treat this kind of itching, but there is no suitable drug to treat itching caused by allergic eczema. For the latter, the best advice is wear loose clothes and don't scratch with your hands under any circumstances.", "question": "Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the original text?", "options": ["Diphenhydramine cannot treat specific reactive eczema", "Antihistamines can be used to treat skin pruritus", "The symptoms of skin itching are the same, but the mechanism may be different", "Reducing skin friction helps to inhibit histamine activity"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11356, "answer": 3, "text": "In Malsenia sales of classical records are soaring. The buyers responsible for this boom are quite new to classical music and were drawn to it either by classical scores from television commercials or by theme tunes introducing major sports events on television. Audiences at classical concerts, however, are continually shrinking in Malsenia. It can be concluded from this that the new Malsenian converts to classical music, having initially experienced this music as recorded music, are most comfortable with classical music as recorded music and really have no desire to hear live performances.", "question": "The argument assumes which one of the following?", "options": ["Classical concerts in Malsenia are not limited to music that is readily available on recordings.", "The classical records available in Malsenia are, for the most part, not recordings of actual public concerts.", "To sell well in Malsenia, a classical record must include at least one piece familiar from television.", "The number of classical concerts performed in Malsenia has not decreased in response to smaller audiences."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6727, "answer": 2, "text": "Individuals always live in certain institutional arrangements, and Chinese traditional Confucian institutional arrangements are mostly informal, emphasizing the internalization of behavior rules, neglecting external compulsory constraints, and having high flexibility.", "question": "So which of the following is correct?", "options": ["The Confucian system has modernity.", "Under the arrangement of the Confucian system, individuals can do whatever they want and be unrestrained", "Under the arrangement of the Confucian system, individuals can flexibly adjust their own rules of behavior with the understanding of their own institutional rules", "Under the arrangement of the Confucian system, the individual can get the greatest freedom"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6101, "answer": 3, "text": "Most ancient Chinese scientific works are empirical summaries rather than theoretical discussions. All the inventions recorded are to solve practical problems in national and social life, rather than trying to make a major breakthrough in a certain research field. In terms of research methods, Chinese science and technology attaches importance to comprehensive overall research and grasp things as a whole, Instead of separating the research objects from the complex connections, studying their entities and attributes independently and exploring their mysteries in detail, this made the science and technology in ancient China not develop to a higher level.", "question": "Which of the followings is the emphasis of this paragraph?", "options": ["The defects of research methods have stagnated ancient Chinese science and technology for a long time", "Solving practical problems is the driving force to promote the development of science and technology in ancient China", "The focus and historical background of scientific research in ancient China", "The fundamental reason why the level of science and technology in ancient China did not make great progress"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5433, "answer": 3, "text": "Hydraulic fracturing is an oil and gas well stimulation measure with wide application prospect. This method uses the surface high-pressure pump to squeeze and inject fracturing fluid with high viscosity into the oil layer through the wellbore, press the oil layer open and produce fractures, so as to establish a new fluid channel between the oil layer and the wellbore, The production of oil and gas wells will generally increase greatly. But this technology will bring great damage to the environment.", "question": "Which of the following arguments can lead to the above conclusion?", "options": ["When the injection rate of fracturing fluid exceeds the absorption capacity of the oil layer, the oil layer at the bottom of the well will form a high pressure.", "In order to ensure that the pressed crack will not close, it is necessary to inject displacement fluid into the crack and support it.", "The development of oil and gas fields will affect the lives of nearby residents, and the pipeline for residential water needs to bypass the location of the wellbore.", "Injecting high-strength fracturing fluid below the surface may activate dormant geological faults and trigger earthquakes."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 310, "answer": 1, "text": "University graduates who have not obtained a teacher qualification certificate cannot be employed as teachers by schools in a certain area. All students in the history department of the normal university in that area must obtain a teacher qualification certificate before graduation. Therefore, any graduate of the history department of the university can be hired as a teacher in the area.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can make the above argument stand?", "options": ["The teaching level of everyone who has obtained a teacher qualification certificate is the same.", "Obtaining a teacher qualification certificate is the only condition for college graduates to be hired as teachers in the area.", "All students who have obtained teacher qualification certificates from the history department of the normal university in the area can graduate.", "The only way to know if you are qualified for the profession of teacher is to take the teacher qualification exam."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11778, "answer": 3, "text": "Researchers examined 100 people suffering from herniated disks in their backs. Five of them were found to have a defect in a particular gene. The researchers also examined 100 people who had no problems with the disks in their backs; none had the genetic defect. They concluded that the genetic defect increases the likelihood of herniated disks.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the researchers' reasoning?", "options": ["Another team of researchers examined a different group of 100 people who suffered from herniated disks, and they found that none of them had the defective gene.", "The researchers also examined a group of 100 people who did not have the defective gene; 80 were found to have herniated disks in their backs.", "When the researchers examined the family of one of the subjects who did not suffer from herniated disks, they found 30 family members who did not have the defective gene, and 20 of them suffered from herniated disks.", "When the researchers examined the families of the 5 subjects who had the defective gene, they found that 30 family members also had the defective gene, and each of them suffered from herniated disks."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3134, "answer": 2, "text": "To watch the total solar eclipse, you should wear professional glasses. Yongkang brand and Shidu brand solar eclipse glasses use lenses of the same quality. Because the price of Yongkang brand solar eclipse glasses is low, when you buy Yongkang brand rather than Shidu brand solar eclipse glasses, you can buy glasses with the same viewing effect at a lower price.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, is the premise of the above conclusion?", "options": ["The price of eclipse glasses mainly depends on the price of lenses.", "These two models are cheaper than other brands on the market.", "The viewing effect of eclipse glasses is only determined by the quality of the lens.", "The sales volume of Yongkang brand solar eclipse glasses is higher than that of Shidu brand solar eclipse glasses."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6306, "answer": 2, "text": "Mathematical method is an extremely important and indispensable method in western science. Preciseness and accuracy are an important part of the scientific spirit, which are largely brought about by mathematical methods. Science requires that various concepts be quantified as much as possible and can be tested with certain accuracy. The accuracy of laws and theorems is reflected in their mathematical expression. The coincidence or proximity between experimental measured values and mathematical estimated values of laws and theorems is the main basis for the establishment of laws and theorems, and is also the main reason why laws and theorems are convincing. The concept formed for a long time is that if a discipline cannot be mathematicized, it is considered not an accurate discipline or an immature discipline.", "question": "Which one of the followings is the most accurate concept of the main idea of this passage?", "options": ["The charm of mathematics lies in preciseness and accuracy.", "Mathematical expression makes laws and theorems more accurate.", "Mathematicalization is the standard for measuring scientific achievements.", "Mathematical method is a means to make science accurate."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11985, "answer": 3, "text": "Psychotherapy has been described as a form of moral coercion. However, when people are coerced, their ability to make choices is restricted, and the goal of psychotherapy is to enhance people' s ability to make choices. Hence, psychotherapy cannot possibly be a form of coercion.", "question": "Which one of the following describes a flaw in the argument?", "options": ["The goals of psychotherapy are taken to justify any means that are used to achieve those goals.", "Psychotherapy is unfairly criticized for having a single goal, rather than having many complex goals.", "It offers no argument to show that moral coercion is always undesirable.", "No allowance is made for the fact that the practice or results of psychotherapy might run counter to its goals."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4360, "answer": 0, "text": "A criminal group refers to a criminal organization established by more than three persons in order to commit one or several crimes multiple times.", "question": "Which of the followings is criminal groups?", "options": ["In order to subvert our country's regime, a certain country sent a espionage organization of dozens of people to continuously steal our country's confidential information.", "Li, Wang, and Zhong were arrested together for group robbery, but Li did not participate in the theft activities of the two of them before.", "The two brothers in a certain village bullied men and women, and went on rampage. They were finally arrested because of their crimes.", "When examining a corruption case, as many as two hundred people were involved."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7535, "answer": 2, "text": "Insurance reserve: refers to the reserve of raw materials established by enterprises in case of delayed delivery of raw materials or unplanned increase in demand.", "question": "What are the following insurance reserves?", "options": ["Aunt Zhang usually used to buy more grain, oil and salt at home, in case something happened to get away to buy", "The factory director looked at the warehouse full of unsalable products, a sad face, the heart of the plan to vigorously expand sales channels", "Road traffic was seriously threatened by the flood, but Director Liu was not in a hurry because raw materials had already been prepared for the flood season", "Manager Wang collected debts everywhere before the year, gave employees year-end bonuses, but also ready to start the next year's funds"], "type": {"Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13533, "answer": 1, "text": "A study followed a group of teenagers who had never smoked and tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. After one year, the incidence of depression among those who had taken up smoking was four times as high as it was among those who had not. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?", "options": ["Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.", "Participants who were depressed at the start of the study were no more likely to be smokers after one year than those who were not depressed.", "Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.", "The study did not distinguish between participants who smoked only occasionally and those who were heavy smokers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8288, "answer": 0, "text": "Nowadays, people often complain that it is difficult for them to get enough sleep, and the quality of sleep is often poor. Some experts believe this has something to do with many products of modern technology, such as Changming street lamps, televisions, computers and mobile phones, where the light generated by artificial light sources and electronic devices disturbs sleep and makes it difficult for people to fall asleep.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?", "options": ["When individuals are exposed to light, falling asleep becomes more difficult than before, and sleep is fragmented", "Modern people's circadian rhythms are often disrupted by work and jet lag, and electronic devices and artificial light sources are not the only reasons for sleep interruptions", "At present, some people's sleep problems are probably not due to the short total sleep time, but because of some health problems caused by the use of computers and other devices", "In some rural areas where there is no electricity, the average sleep time of people is much longer than that of their peers living in cities"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10738, "answer": 0, "text": "The development of new inventions is promoted by the granting of patent rights, which restrict the right of anyone but the patent holders to profit from these inventions for a specified period. Without patent rights, anyone could simply copy another' s invention; consequently, inventors would have no financial incentive for investing the time and energy required to develop new products. Thus, it is important to continue to grant patent rights, or else no one will engage in original development and consequently no new inventions will be forthcoming.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["Financial reward is the only incentive that will be effective in motivating people to develop new inventions.", "When an inventor sells patent rights to a manufacturer, the manufacturer makes less total profit on the invention than the inventor does.", "The length of a patent right is usually proportional to the costs involved in inventing the product.", "Any costs incurred by a typical inventor in applying for patent rights are insignificant in comparison to the financial benefit of holding the patent rights."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9329, "answer": 0, "text": "String pair means that in a verse or couplet, the sentence and the pair are not opposite in meaning and grammatical structure, but are inherited from top to bottom. The two sentences cannot be separated from each other or reversed. There is a certain sequence in their language structures.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is a string pair?", "options": ["If you want to see enough scenery and scenery for thousands of miles, you have to go up to a higher tower.", "If you want to cross the mountain of knowledge, you must take the road of diligence. If you want to cross the ocean of knowledge, you must use diligence as a boat to cross the sea.", "Never give in to the enemy and be willing to serve the people.", "The waves in the Wu Gorge are monstrous, and the dark clouds seem to be pressing down on the ground. The sky and the earth are gloomy."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5340, "answer": 0, "text": "A hypothesis is a hypothetical explanation of the universal regularity and causality of unknown things based on known scientific principles and certain factual materials.", "question": "Which of the followings is not a hypothesis?", "options": ["AIDS is caused by mycoplasma and HIV.", "The gradual warming of the world's climate is a factor of the atmosphere, a factor of the ocean, or a factor of the earth's interior.", "Declaration of Death in Civil Law.", "The universal solution that can dissolve everything."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6589, "answer": 2, "text": "The reason why Chinese culture has always maintained strong vitality in thousands of years of historical evolution is that Chinese culture not only has distinct national characteristics, but also is good at absorbing different nationalities and different countries. the relevant factors of different regions to improve their own cultural mechanism and cultivate the organic elements of cultural ability. This is why the ancient Babylonian culture and the ancient Indian culture have died out one after another, but the Chinese culture has been enduring for thousands of years and continues to create new and then create new miracles of civilization.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main description of this passage?", "options": ["Only by constantly improving our own cultural mechanism can we last for a long time.", "The key to maintaining the strong vitality of Chinese culture all the time.", "The disappearance of ancient Babylonian culture stems from the lack of distinct national characteristics.", "The Chinese nation should be good at absorbing the relevant cultures of different nationalities, countries and regions."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14195, "answer": 1, "text": "Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake' s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake' s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed. Ttherefore, provided this technology is effective, the fears are groundless.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Changes in land use and drainage patterns around the lake mean that the lake's waters are increasingly likely to be affected by agricultural runoff.", "The pipeline's construction will disturb sediments at the bottom of the lake, dispersing into the water toxic pollutants that have settled there.", "A major leak of oil from the pipeline would harm not only the lake's fish but also populations of other aquatic animals and plants.", "The leak-preventing technology has been in use for several years without any pipeline in which it is installed developing serious leaks."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13733, "answer": 0, "text": "There should be a greater use of gasohol. Gasohol is a mixture of alcohol and gasoline, and has a higher octane rating and fewer carbon monoxide emissions than straight gasoline. Burning gasohol adds no more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than plants remove by photosynthesis.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, strengthens the argument above EXCEPT:", "options": ["Cars burn on the average slightly more gasohol per kilometer than they do gasoline.", "Cars run less well on gasoline than they do on gasohol.", "Since less gasoline is needed with the use of gasohol, an energy shortage is less likely.", "Gasohol is cheaper to produce and hence costs less at the pump than gasoline."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10098, "answer": 2, "text": "If a person's behavior has a harmful impact on others and society, others or society can certainly blame and interfere with him. But what if this is not the case? For example, if a person smokes in the house where he lives alone, a person yells in the wilderness, and a person surfs the Internet in the middle of the night, should we care? In my opinion, whether or not to interfere with an act depends on whether such interference is conducive to the improvement of the public interest, whether it infringes upon the legitimate rights of the parties, and so on.", "question": "Which of the followings is what the speaker in the subject is most willing to say?", "options": ["Social interests always take precedence over personal interests", "Interference with individual behavior does not improve the interests of society as a whole.", "Acts that do not harm the interests of others should not be criticized and interfered by society.", "When one person's behavior is beneficial to others, the overall interests of a society can be improved."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7531, "answer": 0, "text": "An enterprise has 7 directors, including A, B, C, D, E, J and G, who implement the collective decision-making system. The system stipulates that a decision can be adopted if more than half of the participants vote for it, otherwise it cannot be adopted; Each director shall exercise the right to vote for or against all proposed decisions without abstention. At another decision making meeting. The directors are all present and need to vote on three proposals, no. 1, no. 2 and No. 3. Known:(1)Each director voted for and against at least one of the three proposals.(2)A is for Proposition 1 but against Proposition 2.(3)B supports proposals 1 and 3;(4)E is in favor of Proposition 1;(5)G opposes proposals 1 and 2", "question": "If the choice of d is the exact opposite of G, which of the following can be obtained?", "options": ["Proposition 1 can pass", "Proposition 2 can pass", "Proposition 3 can pass", "Proposition 3 cannot pass"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7945, "answer": 2, "text": "The eyes of the masses are bright, but without adequate guidance and restraint, this bright may turn into a kind of paranoia, a kind of directionless conceit. And based on the majority drown minority on the basis of institutional arrangements, is likely to be entered into the trap of one-sided and intolerance. superior, officials with one, public, officials with a group of people, only the pressure of the sky and site the responsibility of supervision can truly complemented each other enough to work. Only by organically combining top-down and bottom-up supervision forces can the one-sided one person and a group of people be avoided in the game.", "question": "Which of the following is the main idea of the text?", "options": ["Question the rationality of the mass evaluation", "The will of the masses should be reasonably guided and restrained", "How to supervise officials effectively", "How to strike a balance between the masses and their superiors"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5073, "answer": 3, "text": "Telecommunications fraud refers to the criminal act that criminals release false information, set up scams, implement remote and non-contact fraud against the victims through telephone, network and SMS, induce the victims to make money or transfer money to the criminals, and illegally occupy other people's property.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is not telecommunications fraud", "options": ["Wang launched a new house group purchase online and promised that a deposit of 1000 yuan could offset the house price of 50000 yuan. After the customer paid the deposit, he found that the building had been sold out and Wang also disappeared", "Li stole the wechat avatar of Mr. Zhang on a business trip, pretended to be Mr. Zhang and sent a wechat to Mrs. Zhang, saying that he had an accident and cheated 20000 yuan", "Zhang lied that he was suffering from an incurable disease, forged a diagnosis, fabricated a false story on the Internet, and raised 30000 yuan of medical expenses through crowdfunding", "Mrs. Li called the cleaner. Wang, the cleaner sent by the housekeeping company, tricked Mrs. Li to buy thousands of yuan of health care products from Wang's husband's store"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12963, "answer": 3, "text": "Marine biologist: Scientists have long wondered why the fish that live around coral reefs exhibit such brilliant colors. One suggestion is that coral reefs are colorful and, ttherefore, that colorful fish are camouflaged by them. Many animal species, after all, use camouflage to avoid predators. However, as regards the populations around reefs, this suggestion is mistaken. A reef stripped of its fish is quite monochromatic. Most corals, it turns out, are relatively dull browns and greens.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion drawn in the marine biologist's argument?", "options": ["The fact that many species use camouflage to avoid predators is one reason to believe that brightly colored fish living near reefs do too.", "It turns out that the corals in a coral reef are mostly dull hues of brown and green.", "A reef stripped of its fish is relatively monochromatic.", "The suggestion that the fish living around coral reefs exhibit bright colors because they are camouflaged by the reefs is mistaken."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5714, "answer": 1, "text": "A traveler wants to go to the railway station. In the morning, he starts from the hotel and arrives at an intersection. The intersection leads to four directions: Southeast and northwest. There are hotels, hotels, bookstores and railway stations in the four directions. The bookshop is in the northeast of the hotel and the hotel is in the northwest of the railway station.", "question": "The traveler is going to the railway station. Which directions should he go?", "options": ["East", "South", "West", "North"], "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9930, "answer": 3, "text": "Researchers recently found that there is an area called thalamic pillow deep in the brain. It's like a receptionist for information. It is responsible for classifying and sorting out the information of external stimuli, and focuses people's attention on the most important information about behavior and survival. The researchers point out that the discovery is expected to lead to new treatments for disorders caused by lack of attention, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia and so on.", "question": "Which of the followings is assumed by the above argument?", "options": ["Some schizophrenias are not caused by lack of attention.", "Visual information is only transmitted through the neural network obtained from the visual cortex.", "Researchers have developed a new technique that can directly track the communication between the nerve plexus in the visual cortex and the thalamic occipital area.", "The brain cannot process too much information in detail at the same time, and only selectively focuses its attention on the things that are most relevant to behavior."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10753, "answer": 2, "text": "Widespread use of the Internet has led to an increase in certain crimes such as information theft and to new crimes like hacking. This seems due, at least in part, to the impersonal nature of the Internet. People seem to feel more free to harm others through the Internet than in person, suggesting that people feel less morally constrained when they use the Internet. For this reason, steps should be taken to educate people about the ethical use of the Internet.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument?", "options": ["The more educated that people are about the ethical usage of the Internet, the greater the amount of harm that they can do to others.", "People feel morally constrained from doing an action only if that action causes harm to others.", "Education about the ethical use of a tool increases one's sense of moral responsibility regarding its use.", "People who harm others through impersonal means are no less culpable for their actions than are people who harm others in person."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9352, "answer": 3, "text": "The world is undergoing major development, transformation and adjustment. Peace and development remain the call of our times. The world is moving towards multi-polarity, economic globalization, it application, and cultural diversity. The transformation of the global governance system and the international order is accelerating. Countries are increasingly interconnected and interdependent. At the same time, the world faces growing instability and uncertainty. The world economy lacks momentum for growth, the gap between rich and poor is growing, regional hotspot issues keep flaring up, and non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, cyber security, major infectious diseases and climate change continue to spread. Mankind faces many common challenges.", "question": "Which of the followings does the passage follow?", "options": ["Why do we think that the world is in an era of development and radical change", "China is an important force for safeguarding world peace and promoting common development", "A correct understanding and grasp of the theme of The Times is the basis for countries to formulate policies", "People of all countries should work together to tackle the risks and challenges we face"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5255, "answer": 1, "text": "Scientists have recently discovered that the small dinosaur named Cheng Hiu Ting Lung is the relative of Archaeopteryx and is very closely related to Archaeopteryx that lived in the late Jurassic. By analyzing the morphology of Archaeopteryx and comparing bird-like dinosaurs with The phylogenetic relationship of early birds was re-analyzed, and it was concluded that Archaeopteryx was not a bird, but a primitive Deinonychus. That is, Archaeopteryx is the ancestor of Velociraptor, not the ancestor of birds.", "question": "Which of the following best questions the above conjecture?", "options": ["Deinonychus is a kind of bird closely related to dinosaurs", "Deinonychus is a type of dinosaur closely related to birds", "A branch of theropod dinosaur evolved into a herbivorous dinosaur and then evolved into a bird", "After the specimen of Archaeopteryx was named, it has always been considered the most primitive and oldest bird"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4204, "answer": 1, "text": "Symbiotic marketing refers to two or more enterprises, through the sharing of marketing resources, to reduce costs, improve efficiency, enhance market competitiveness for the purpose of a marketing strategy.", "question": "Which of the following options is symbiotic marketing, as defined above?", "options": ["Enterprise A and Enterprise B decided to integrate resources and establish enterprise groups", "A, B, C three small home appliance enterprises, decided to establish a market consumption information sharing mechanism. Regularly inform and coordinate the production of small household appliances varieties, quality and prices", "A logistics company to transport goods from A to B land, and from zone B to land, back and forth do not rest, improve the company's efficiency", "A shopping mall sells both A enterprise products, but also B enterprise products"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3798, "answer": 2, "text": "Psychological implication refers to the use of implicit and indirect methods to affect the psychology and behavior of others. The effect of suggestion often makes others unconsciously act in a certain way, or accept certain opinions or beliefs uncritically.", "question": "Which of the following options has no psychological implication?", "options": ["Why are you so haggard? Are you sick?", "You can do it, you will surely be the first in the race later.", "Don't smoke in the classroom!", "This dish is made by a famous chef, it is very delicious, you can try it!"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9610, "answer": 1, "text": "There are many repertoire of dazzling skills in classical music, and there are multiple forces to promote dazzling skills in the development of history. Sometimes, it is the composer who wants to test the limits of sound, writing a passage that the performer at that time generally cannot play for the sake of melody or harmony. Sometimes, it is the composer who does not know enough about a solo instrument to think rationally from the point of view of playing, so he writes a piece that is difficult or even impossible to play. Sometimes, it is the performer who takes the initiative to pursue a breakthrough, asking for music that could not be performed in the past, so as to highlight the difference between himself and other performers.", "question": "With regard to the driving force of the dazzling skills of music, which of the following options is not in line with the meaning of the text?", "options": ["The composer created a passage that was difficult to play out of experimental considerations.", "The performer has to perform to the limit because of the requirements of the music.", "The composer created a repertoire that was extremely difficult to play because of carelessness.", "The performer takes the initiative to perform a breakthrough in order to highlight his own personality."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11740, "answer": 2, "text": "S: Our nation is becoming too averse to risk. We boycott any food reported to contain a toxic chemical, even though the risk, as a mathematical ratio, might be minimal. With this mentality, Columbus would never have sailed west. T: A risk-taker in one context can be risk-averse in another: the same person can drive recklessly, but refuse to eat food not grown organically.", "question": "T responds to S by showing that", "options": ["risk cannot be defined in relation to perceived probable benefit", "a distinction should be made between avoidable and unavoidable risks", "to risk cannot be reliably assessed without reference to context", "mathematical odds concerning risk give an unwarranted impression of precision"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 318, "answer": 3, "text": "Jupiter is a gas giant planet and the largest planet in the solar system. Its mass is 2.5 times the total mass of the other seven planets in the solar system. Observations have found that most of the more than 70 moons surrounding Jupiter are composed of water ice. Therefore, Jupiter's atmosphere should contain a considerable amount of water.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above statement?", "options": ["After hundreds of millions of years, the satellite may slowly fall onto the planet.", "Many of the water in interstellar space exists in gaseous form.", "Uranus is also a gas giant planet, and it has been confirmed that it contains a lot of water ice.", "The satellite and the planets around it were formed from the same gas and dust at the same time."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11051, "answer": 2, "text": "In a certain municipality, a judge overturned a suspect' s conviction for possession of an illegal weapon. The suspect had fled upon seeing police and subsequently discarded the illegal weapon after the police gave chase. The judge reasoned as follows: the only cause for the police giving chase was the suspect' s flight; by itself, flight from the police does not create a reasonable suspicion of a criminal act; evidence collected during an illegal chase is inadmissible; ttherefore, the evidence in this case was inadmissible.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the judge's decision that the evidence was inadmissible?", "options": ["Flight from the police should not itself be considered a criminal act.", "People can legally flee from the police only when those people are not involved in a criminal act at the time.", "Police can legally give chase to a person only when the person's actions have created a reasonable suspicion of a criminal act.", "Flight from the police could create a reasonable suspicion of a criminal act as long as other significant factors are involved."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4463, "answer": 2, "text": "The people who participated in the lecture had connections with the military. All of them believed that UFO really existed, and most of them thought that UFO should be studied. Although the lecture held by the National Atomic experiment museum was small, the speakers were very credible. It can be seen that some very rigorous scientists also believed that UFO really existed.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above argument??", "options": ["Some scientists are associated with the military", "Some of the speakers are not rigorous scientists", "Some of the participants in the lecture are very rigorous scientists", "Scientists' lectures are very rigorous and credible"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2621, "answer": 1, "text": "Recently, the senior leaders of a certain group have studied the direction of development. General Manager Wang believes that it is necessary to develop both nanotechnology and biomedical technology: deputy General Manager Zhao believes that only by developing intelligent technology can biomedical technology be developed; Deputy General Manager Li believes that if nanotechnology and biomedical technology are developed, then intelligent technology should also be developed. Finally, after the study of the board of directors, only one of the opinions can be adopted.", "question": "According to the above statement, which of the following is in line with the research decision of the board of directors?", "options": ["Develop nanotechnology and intelligent technology, but not biomedical technology", "Develop biomedical technology and nanotechnology, but not intelligent technology", "Develop intelligent technology and biomedical technology, but not nanotechnology", "Develop intelligent technology, but not nanotechnology and biomedical technology"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3463, "answer": 2, "text": "A scenic spot has formulated a new preferential ticket policy. According to this policy, not some students enjoy preferential tickets in this scenic spot. All those who enjoy preferential tickets in this scenic spot are over 12 years old.", "question": "Which of the followings can be infered", "options": ["Some students over the age of 12 enjoy preferential tickets at this scenic spot", "The preferential admission policy of the scenic spot is only for students under the age of 12", "All students over the age of 12 did not enjoy the ticket discount at this scenic spot", "All students under the age of 12 enjoy preferential admission at this scenic spot"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6337, "answer": 3, "text": "The ancient city of Beiting is the Tang Dynasty Beiting Duhu Mansion, Beiting Daduhu Mansion, and the governing place of Beiting Dao. Its scale is magnificent, ranking first in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain and second in Xinjiang. After the vicissitudes of time, it has been transformed into the huge ruins of the legacy which can still vaguely glimpse the majestic atmosphere of the heavy battlements and deep trenches. This thousand-year-old city is also the seat of the important military and political institutions of the Tang Dynasty, the Han Navy and the Tingzhou government office, and has become a record of ancient history. It is an eternal symbol of the country. Its former site is in the border of Jimsar County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, only 12 kilometers to the south from the county seat. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.", "question": "Which of the following aspects of Beiting's ancient city can't be learned from this text?", "options": ["Geographic location", "Cultural Value", "City function", "Demographic changes"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4618, "answer": 2, "text": "Dumping refers to a behavior in which monopolistic capitalists sell goods at prices far lower than domestic and foreign markets, or even lower than production costs, for a certain period of time in order to defeat competitors and seize foreign markets.", "question": "Which of the following acts is dumping?", "options": ["A Chinese silk export company launched a buy one get one free promotion in five European countries in order to open up sales", "The price of washing powder in Jiangsu is generally cheaper than that in Zhejiang", "In order to squeeze across China's national industry, Japanese photographic equipment companies sell their film to Chinese consumers at a price below cost", "The wheat exported from the U.S. to China was sold at 30% off the original price due to the damage caused by water"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1460, "answer": 1, "text": "Twenty years ago, a high-level diplomatic conference on the Middle East would have been unthinkable without U.S. participation and leadership. Today, Turkey, Russia and Iran are negotiating without Washington, while the Syrian opposition is heading to Moscow to discuss the country's future. Russia has also strengthened ties with Egypt, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Israel.", "question": "Which of the following is the main meaning of the expression?", "options": ["In the Middle East, Russia has largely replaced the United States", "The United States control and influence in the Middle East has declined significantly", "The Middle East began to be dominated by the United States to multi-polarization", "The future of the Middle East is in the hands of powers like the US or Russia, not their own"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5136, "answer": 1, "text": "Since the value of the same real estate will be different at different times, the valuation is usually only an estimate of the value of the object at a specific time, and this time is called the valuation time point.", "question": "Which of the following options must be wrong?", "options": ["According to different valuation purposes, the valuation time point can be in the past.", "The valuation time point is the specific time at which the valuation operation is determined in advance.", "The demolished real estate projects will receive different compensations due to the different valuation time points.", "When predicting the price of a real estate project after its completion, the time of valuation is the future. "], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9545, "answer": 0, "text": "In recent years, with the in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, China's overall innovation capability has been continuously enhanced, continuously injecting new momentum into high-quality development and opening up a new world of economic growth. The sudden epidemic inevitably has a great impact on economic and social development, and the value of innovation-driven is more prominent. From vaccine drug research and development to big data group prevention and control, from telecommuting and online classrooms to unmanned sales and contactless services, the changes brought about by science and technology have not only given us the strength to overcome the epidemic, but also affected social production and life in an unprecedented way.", "question": "Which of the followings is the most suitable title for this passage?", "options": ["Innovation drive contains unlimited potential", "Innovation-driven brings a new world of science and technology", "Innovation drive affects social life", "Innovation drives good and rapid development"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3202, "answer": 3, "text": "The equal right to employment means that citizens enjoy the right to equal employment opportunities regardless of their nationality, race, gender, religious belief and family background.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following does not violate the equal right of employment?", "options": ["Xiao Liu, a female college student with a bachelor's degree, was dismissed because she was a woman in several applications.", "During the recruitment of a company, it is clearly stipulated that the relatives of the employees of the company have priority over other candidates.", "Xiao Li's father is a leader of a county government. In the open recruitment of public institutions in the county, Xiao Li was directly hired without taking the exam like other candidates.", "In the process of recruiting employees, a food processing factory refused to hire a hepatitis B patient on the grounds of food safety."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1931, "answer": 0, "text": "Ancient Chinese has perfect educational programs in primary and secondary schools and universities in China, but art and other non-literature majors lack the necessary qualitative requirements when they reach the master's degree stage. Although some colleges and universities continue to carry out ancient Chinese teaching, it is only an elective course, while foreign language courses run through in the form of compulsory courses from childhood to master's and doctoral students. The imbalance of curriculum leads to a serious imbalance between foreign language and ancient Chinese teaching, which leads to the edge of ancient Chinese teaching.", "question": "Which of the following options is the point of view of this passage?", "options": ["Ancient Chinese should be included as a compulsory course in the teaching of master's degree students such as art.", "The Educational Program of Ancient Chinese in Primary and Middle Schools should be improved.", "The required foreign language courses for postgraduates with master's degree should be gradually cancelled.", "Chinese teaching should be included in art courses as an elective course."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2721, "answer": 3, "text": "In the era of mobile Internet, people can read digitally at any time. Browsing the Internet, reading e-books is digital reading, browsing Weibo and moments is also digital reading. For a long time, some people have been worried about the fragmentation and superficiality of digital reading, but recently, some experts have said that digital reading has important value and it is also the future development trend of reading.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best support the views of the above experts?", "options": ["Long has the use of long, short has the advantage of short. There is nothing wrong with digital reading without a thorough understanding. Maybe at some point in the future, the information you read will emerge and have an impact on your life.", "At present, more and more people understand hot information through digital reading and communicate with each other through the Internet, but network communicators are often disguised or anonymous and may provide false information.", "Some online reading platforms can provide exquisite reading services, they not only help you choose books, but also help you read, you need to listen, but the use of listening way to read is less efficient.", "Digital reading is convenient for information screening, readers can have a preliminary understanding of the relevant information in a short time and they can also make an in-depth understanding on this basis. There are more and more relevant network reading service platforms in recent years."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4113, "answer": 0, "text": "All living organisms need to be metabolized, otherwise life will stop. Civilization is the same, if it is self-closed for a long time, it will inevitably decline. Communication and mutual learning are the essential requirements for the development of civilizations. Only by communicating and learning from other civilizations and absorbing the strengths of others, To make up for one's shortcomings, in order to maintain a vigorous life.", "question": "Which of the following options can be derived?", "options": ["If a civilization does not exchange and learn from other civilizations, it cannot maintain its vigorous vitality", "If a civilization does not close itself for a long time, it will not decline", "If a civilization communicates and learns from other civilizations, absorbs the strengths of others to make up for its own shortcomings, it can maintain its vigor and vitality", "If a civilization does not maintain its vigorous vitality, it will not absorb the strengths of others from other civilizations to make up for its own shortcomings"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5683, "answer": 3, "text": "Under the condition of pollution, organisms can enrich and detoxify pollutants in the body by combining fixation, metabolism, detoxification and compartment action. Among them, the detoxification ability of organisms is the basis of biological resistance. Organisms with strong detoxification ability have resistance, but the detoxification ability is not the whole of resistance. Organisms with strong resistance may not have strong detoxification ability.", "question": "Which of the followings can be infered:", "options": ["Organisms with weak detoxification ability do not have resistance", "Resistant organisms must have strong detoxification ability", "Organisms can enrich and detoxify pollutants, so organisms can survive in a polluted environment", "Detoxification ability of organisms without resistance must not be strong"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 923, "answer": 2, "text": "Under normal circumstances, the victims of injury will express their interest demands through legal channels, but if the system is unfair or ineffective, more social injury behaviors will be triggered. Not only can the strong further hurt the weak, but they can also be hurt by the weak. Vulnerable people can also cause harm to other vulnerable people, resulting in bullying of the weak by the weak. In this way, the whole society will be filled with hostility, which will bring serious uneasiness and anxiety to daily life.", "question": "Which of the following options can be derived?", "options": ["Only when the system is unfair or ineffective can the strong hurt the weak", "If the system is unfair or ineffective, the weak will hurt the strong", "Only when the system is just and effective can it prevent more social harm", "If the system is just and effective, it can bring peace and happiness to daily life"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2833, "answer": 3, "text": "In order to reduce traffic congestion, a city has taken measures such as the lower limit: On weekdays from Monday to Friday, non-commercial vehicles are restricted to one day in five groups according to their tail numbers 0, 5, 1, 6, 2, 7, 3, 8, 4 and 9, and not limited to weekends and legal holidays. Those who break the rules will be fined.", "question": "Which of the following descriptions about the travel of residents in the city may not violate the traffic restrictions?", "options": ["Zhao yi drives a commercial vehicle with a tail number of 1 and runs on the road every day.", "Qian er has two private cars with different tail numbers and drives them every day.", "Zhang SAN and his neighbor have a total of three private cars, with different tail numbers. They cooperate and have two cars to drive every day.", "Wang wu and three neighbors have six private cars with different ending numbers. They cooperate and drive five cars every day."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2124, "answer": 3, "text": "Harm payment refers to that in the process of performance of the contract, the performance behavior of the debtor in the contractual relationship does not conform to the provisions of the contract, and such improper performance behavior causes damage to the creditor's performance interests other than personal injury or other property damage other than the target of payment.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following does not reflect harm payment?", "options": ["Company A and hotel B agreed to hold a thank-you banquet at the hotel. As a result, some guests had food poisoning after eating seafood during the banquet", "Party A and Party B have always had a cooperation agreement. In early 2018, Party A sold poultry infected with infectious diseases to farmer B, which caused other poultry on the latter farm to die of disease", "A electronic mall signed a purchase agreement with the supplier B, and B supplied the faulty charging bank to A. A consumer bought the charging bank of A mall, which exploded when using, injuring a hand", "Fruit shop A wants to buy fruit, so it signs a contract with supplier B, and then finds that part of the fruit sent by B has been rotten and cannot be sold"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4440, "answer": 1, "text": "Every year on the eve of the Mid Autumn Festival, businesses will launch a moon cake war. Relevant experts point out that the moon cake war is not only detrimental to the economic interests of mass consumers, but also has become a sweet burden of the Mid Autumn Festival. If the moon cake market wants to return to normal, it must be improved in terms of technology and ingredients. Otherwise, even if the packaging and gifts are gorgeous, they can not meet the legitimate consumer demand.", "question": "According to this question stem, which of the following conclusions can not be drawn??", "options": ["Only by improving the moon cake technology and ingredients is the key to meet the legitimate needs of consumers", "As long as the moon cake technology and ingredients are improved, even if the packaging and gifts are gorgeous, they can also meet the legitimate needs", "If the moon cake market meets the legitimate consumer demand, it means that the technology and ingredients must have been improved", "If we do not improve the process and ingredients, we can not meet the legitimate needs of consumers"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12597, "answer": 2, "text": "Challenger: The mayor claims she has vindicated those who supported her in the last election by fulfilling her promise to increase employment opportunities in our city, citing the 8 percent increase in the number of jobs in the city since she took office. But during her administration, the national government relocated an office to our city, bringing along nearly the entire staff from the outside. The 8 percent increase merely represents the jobs held by these newcomers. Mayor: Clearly my opponent does not dispute the employment statistics. The unemployed voters in this city want jobs. The 8 percent increase in the number of jobs during my term exceeds that of any of my predecessors.", "question": "As a response to the challenger, the mayor's answer is flawed in that it", "options": ["does not consider whether the number of unemployed persons within the city represents more than 8 percent of the eligible voters", "explicitly attributes to the challenger beliefs that the challenger has neither asserted nor implied", "fails to address the challenger's objection that the 8 percent increase did not result in an increase in job availability for those who lived in the city at the time of the last election", "takes for granted that those who supported the mayor in the last election believed job availability to be a significant city issue"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5389, "answer": 0, "text": "Knowledge marketing refers to injecting certain knowledge content and cultural connotation into the advertising, publicity and public relations of enterprises in the marketing process of enterprises, helping consumers increase commodity related and practical information and knowledge, and improve their consumption and quality of life, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting products, establishing image and improving brand competitiveness.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to knowledge marketing:", "options": ["A health product manufacturer went deep into the community to hold a healthy life lecture for residents, and promoted its health products in the lecture", "A sports commodity production enterprise donated 200000 yuan worth of sporting goods to hope primary school, which was reported by many media", "A normal university sent a college student support group to publicize the importance of education while supporting education, which played a positive role in the local enrollment of the University", "Stock analysts of a securities company are often invited by TV stations to conduct stock analysis for the majority of investors in TV programs"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1854, "answer": 0, "text": "The media affects the value choice of the audience. From the perspective of audience theory and cultural norms of communication, the reason why the mass media can indirectly influence people's behavior is that the messages it sends out can form a normative force of moral culture. people unwittingly explain social phenomena and facts according to the reference framework gradually provided by the media, and show their views and propositions, so the content of communication can promote the change of the object.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["People's behavior is influenced by the media", "Social phenomena are rooted in the mass media", "Social moral culture comes from the media", "The influence of the media is cumulative over time"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8185, "answer": 3, "text": "Categorization refers to the individual's perception and judgment of the position of himself or others in society, which is not only based on the criteria of different classification of social systems in real society, but also based on the process of social comparison between himself and others. Classification is divided into social classification and self-classification. Social categorization is a subjective psychological process in which individuals divide others into different groups based on the similarity of sharing. Self-categorization means that the process of an individual from an independent individual to a member of a group is realized through classification, and the attribution of the group and the orientation of membership are realized through de-personalization.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is the self-classification?", "options": ["As long as the quality of everyone is improved, the quality of our whole people will naturally improve.Therefore, it is important to be yourself first.", "Xiaoming intends to apply for a position in the company, but his parents think that he is more suitable to be a civil servant.", "Students all say that Xiaoqian looks like a star. If she is an anchor, she must have a future.", "Doctor Wang is often very proud of his profession."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7562, "answer": 1, "text": "In the eyes of many people, it is always good marriage. In fact, this view is not correct. Marriage not only means physical loyalty, but also includes emotional mutual support. So it cannot be said that as long as there is no third party, There is no problem with marriage. At present, there are many marriages in China that follow a pattern: husbands and wives are not derailed, but neither of them can get comfort, nourishment and healing from marriage. In fact, there is no one who makes mistakes unilaterally, everyone is Need to put more effort into my marriage.", "question": "Based on the above discussion, which of the following can be derived?", "options": ["It's not a good marriage that always ends up", "Marriage without a third party can also be problematic", "Only when there is a third party, there will be problems in the marriage", "Most marriages in China now have problems"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14486, "answer": 2, "text": "Law student: Law students cannot have a social life if they have any hope of succeeding academically. The daily reading and never-ending exam preparation frustrate all aspects of friendships. My friends sometimes invite me to watch a movie or go to a baseball game, but I can' t go. Our professors warned us of the workload and its affect on free time at the start of the semester. It' s completely impossible to budget fun into my busy schedule. I don' t know any law students who have any fun whatsoever.", "question": "The reasoning in the law student's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument:", "options": ["Improperly draws a hasty generalization.", "Dismisses all evidence that contradicts the law student's argument.", "Improperly uses extreme language.", "Improperly relies on an inappropriate authority."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4019, "answer": 3, "text": "The cerebral edge system drives emotion, the system is rapidly developed in adolescence, while the foreklikin neural network development is relatively late, mainly responsible for providing reasonable judgment and impulse control.It has now determined that the foregoing leaf skin is about 20 years old to fully develop maturity, but now the adolescence is continuously advanced.The time span of the two does not match is extended.", "question": "According to the above conclusion, which of the following is correct?", "options": ["Some of the conflicts between human behavior and age are caused by a natural defect in the brain", "The reason for forming the characteristics of adolescent behavior lies in the late development of human regulatory function", "The unique structure of the human brain allows us to control impulsive behavior over an increasing period of time", "When it comes to brain control and the limbic system, it is the key to adolescent impulsivity"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8355, "answer": 1, "text": "Text is the soul of calligraphy. The bookish style and artistic style of calligraphy are closely related to the humanistic spirit behind the text. Calligraphy with the absence of text is incomplete calligraphy. As for the judgment of the value of calligraphy, although it has been adjusted to a certain extent in traditional culture and modern culture, the culture of calligraphy has not been shaken at all. The art of calligraphy has always assumed the function of carrying Tao. The calligraphy classics represented by the Preface to the Collection of Orchid Pavilion and manuscripts for nephews are the products of pen and ink and rhetoric, which contain national feelings, national character and humanistic spirit, and embody the calligrapher's cultural accomplishment and artistic accomplishment.", "question": "Which of the following options does not match the meaning of the above?", "options": ["The content of the text should not be ignored in evaluating the value of calligraphy works.", "The level of art of calligraphy depends on the literary level of the calligrapher.", "The old motto of Literature to carry Tao is also applicable to the art of calligraphy.", "Almost all the excellent calligraphy works are legal posts of excellent texts."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1997, "answer": 1, "text": "New technology is a great changer. However, will the speed of life and death of new technology connive at the superficiality of WYSIWYG and bring about the phenomenon of both flowers and wild? Some people have been saddened by the thinning of cultural air and think that China is entering a cultural mini-era. Libraries are getting better and better, but there are fewer and fewer good books and readers; physical bookstores and newsstands are withering and cities are losing their cultural lungs. No wonder some people cry to save reading from computers and mobile phones. It is even said that only by unplugging the Internet cable and turning off the mobile phone can we return to the real cultural life.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["The development of new technology is the direct cause of the mini era of Chinese culture.", "Cultural anxiety caused by the upgrading and development of technological means.", "To return to real cultural life, we must properly reject new technologies.", "Computers and mobile phones can save reading."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13922, "answer": 1, "text": "Theories generated by scientific research were used to develop several products that, although useful, damage the environment severely. The scientists who conducted the research, however, should not be held responsible for that damage, since they merely generated the theories and could neither foresee nor restrict the kinds of products that might be designed using those theories.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if established, justifies the conclusion above?", "options": ["Individuals should be held responsible for the foreseeable undesirable consequences of the activities that they perform and receive credit for the foreseeable desirable consequences of those activities.", "Individuals who perform an activity should not be held responsible for any unforeseen undesirable consequences that arise from the use to which others put the results of that activity.", "Individuals are justified in performing an activity that has both desirable and undesirable foreseeable consequences only if they alone bear its undesirable consequences.", "Individuals who develop something that has desirable characteristics should not be held responsible for any undesirable characteristics that the thing has if improperly used."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8037, "answer": 0, "text": "When foreign banks enter emerging market countries, in order to maintain their own survival, the main bodies of banking in emerging market countries will strive for a larger market share as much as possible. fully expand their competitive advantages and strive to provide customers with quality and cheap financial products and financial services. This process will inevitably lead to the improvement of banking micro-efficiency.", "question": "Which of the following options is the content of this process?", "options": ["The process of foreign banks entering emerging market countries.", "The process of banking development in emerging market countries.", "The process of providing quality services by foreign banks.", "The process of expanding market share of banks in emerging market countries."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4770, "answer": 0, "text": "Illusion is a kind of visual error. When people observe an object, because the object is interfered by shape, light, and color, plus people's physical and psychological reasons, they misrecognize the object, which will produce judgments that are inconsistent with the reality.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is not illusion?", "options": ["A mother who suddenly lost her son sometimes feels like she saw her son", "When sitting on a moving train and looking at the trees outside the window, you think the trees are moving too", "People who are overweight will look slimmer in vertical striped clothing", "Mistaking the Reflection of a Bow for a Snake."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5129, "answer": 2, "text": "Speculation is the purchase of goods for later sale (or temporary sale) in order to profit from changes in their prices.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is speculation?", "options": ["Ten years ago, Lao Zhang contracted a 15 mu orchard that no one wanted in the village. Now he gets rich by relying on fruit trees.", "Xiao Liu recently bought a pair of leather shoes and resold them to his friends because he didn't like the style.", "Lao Yang bought 2000 shares at the price of 10.03 yuan and sold them at the price of 11.00 yuan.", "Mr. Wang bought a house for his own use. After the house price rose, Mr. Wang sold the house to make a profit."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12577, "answer": 1, "text": "Consumer: If you buy a watch at a department store and use it only in the way it was intended to be used, but the watch stops working the next day, then the department store will refund your money. So by this very reasonable standard, Bingham' s Jewelry Store should give me a refund even though they themselves are not a department store, since the watch I bought from them stopped working the very next day.", "question": "The consumer's argument relies on the assumption that", "options": ["a seller should refund the money that was paid for a product if the product does not perform as the purchaser expected it to perform", "the consumer did not use the watch in a way contrary to the way it was intended to be used", "a watch bought at a department store and a watch bought at Bingham's Jewelry Store can both be expected to keep working for about the same length of time if each is used only as it was intended to be used", "one should not sell something unless one expects that it will function in the way it was originally designed to function"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4111, "answer": 0, "text": "The culture medium refers to a nutrient substrate prepared from a combination of different nutrients, which is used for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, plants or animals (or tissues), and generally contains carbohydrates, nitrogenous substances, inorganic salts, vitamins, water and other substances. Natural The medium is a medium made of animals, plants or microorganisms including their extracts;Synthetic medium is a medium prepared by artificial design based on the composition of natural medium, simulated synthesis with chemical substances; semi-combined medium is mainly prepared with chemical reagents, and a medium with a small amount of natural ingredients.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is semi-combined media?", "options": ["In order to study the growth of chicken embryo cells, a medium made by adding a small amount of corn juice to a certain proportion of salt water amino acid solution", "To promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria, a medium made of wheat wort is used", "In order to speed up the growth of epipremnum aureum, a medium made of organic ingredients, mineral elements, agar, etc. in a ratio of 3:1:2", "To observe the formation of Clostridium perfringens, a medium made of 10 ml of ferrous sulfate was added to 1000 ml of fresh milk"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5366, "answer": 2, "text": "Structural mobility refers to large-scale changes in the social environment, social class, and the nature and distribution of the population caused by changes in production technology or social structure, which are often not shifted by human wills.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is not a structural mobility?", "options": ["With the rapid development of the eastern coastal economy, a large number of people in the central and western regions moved eastward", "Due to a domestic military coup, a large number of citizens of a certain country have recently poured into neighboring countries.", "Dissatisfied with the decline in the quality of life in first-tier cities, talents have returned to second- and third-tier cities.", "Urbanization is manifested in the transfer of rural population to the city and the continuous development of the city."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10590, "answer": 0, "text": "Fossilized teeth of an extinct species of herbivorous great ape have on them phytoliths, which are microscopic petrified remains of plants. Since only phytoliths from certain species of plants are found on the teeth, the apes' diet must have consisted only of those plants.", "question": "The argument assumes which one of the following?", "options": ["Plants of every type eaten by the apes left phytoliths on their teeth.", "Phytoliths have also been found on the fossilized teeth of apes of other extinct species.", "None of the plant species that left phytoliths on the apes' teeth has since become extinct.", "Each of the teeth examined had phytoliths of the same plant species on it as all the other teeth."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2405, "answer": 2, "text": "Recently, researchers have found that fever can promote the transfer of lymphocytes to the infected site. They explain that this is because fever increases the expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in T lymphocytes, which binds to integrins and promotes T lymphocytes to adhere to blood vessels and eventually accelerate migration to the site of infection.", "question": "Which of the following can not support the above conclusion?", "options": ["Integrin is a cell adhesion molecule that controls the transport of T lymphocytes during fever.", "Fever can induce Hsp90 to bind to the tail of integrin and activate integrin.", "Not only fever, but also other stress can induce the expression of Hsp90 in T lymphocytes.", "After Hsp90 binds to integrin, it can activate the signal pathway that promotes T lymphocyte migration."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8307, "answer": 1, "text": "As the ancients said: if you set up a good legal system in the world, the world will be at peace; if you establish a good legal system in a country, a country will be at peace.", "question": "Which of the following options is most similar to the formal structure of the above-mentioned ancients?", "options": ["The livelihood of the people lies in diligence and thrift, so that there will be no lack of property.", "If you are poor, you should take good care of your morality and self-cultivation, and if you are rich, you should strive to benefit the rest of the world.", "Smart people will change their strategies and methods according to different times, and people with great wisdom will formulate corresponding management methods with different directions of development.", "If you are industrious and frugal, you will be able to restrain yourself. only by constraining yourself, all good things will come out. On the contrary, luxury will indulge yourself, and once you indulge yourself, all bad things will grow."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13171, "answer": 3, "text": "Moralist: Humans have a natural disposition to altruism -- that is, to behavior that serves the needs of others regardless of one' s own needs -- but that very disposition prevents some acts of altruism from counting as moral. Reason plays an essential role in any moral behavior. Only behavior that is intended to be in accordance with a formal set of rules, or moral code, can be considered moral behavior.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately states the main conclusion of the moralist's argument?", "options": ["All moral behavior is motivated by altruism.", "Altruism develops through the use of reason.", "Behavior must serve the needs of others in order to be moral behavior.", "Not all altruistic acts are moral behavior."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6676, "answer": 1, "text": "The use of language is an important condition for social, economic, political and cultural life, which no one can leave every day.Learning to use the language correctly is of great significance to the accuracy of our thinking and the improvement of our work efficiency.", "question": "According to the above conclusion, which of the following is the most accurate restatement of the main idea of this passage?", "options": ["The use of language is closely related to human beings", "Learning to use language correctly is of great significance to us", "Learning to use language correctly is necessary for our life", "Language plays a very important role in our life"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14048, "answer": 0, "text": "Economist: The economy seems to be heading out of recession. Recent figures show that consumers are buying more durable goods than before, indicating that they expect economic growth in the near future.", "question": "That consumers are buying more durable goods than before figures in the economist's argument in which one of the following ways?", "options": ["It is the primary evidence from which the argument's conclusion is drawn.", "Its truth is required in order for the argument's conclusion to be true.", "It is an inference drawn from the premise that consumers expect economic growth in the near future.", "It is an inference drawn from the premise that the recession seems to be ending."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 599, "answer": 1, "text": "Contingent liabilities refer to the potential obligations formed by past transactions or events, which are likely to be undertaken by the enterprise under certain circumstances, but have not been fully determined so far. They are liabilities that need to be confirmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of uncertain events in the future", "question": "According to the definition, what's a business may incur contingent liabilities", "options": ["Prepare to receive upcoming infringement compensation", "Provide quality assurance for sold goods", "Agree the negotiation date for the contract to be signed", "Prepare to pay the contract liquidated damages agreed in advance"], "type": {"Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3138, "answer": 3, "text": "Disjunctive syllogism: it refers to the reasoning that one sentence in the premise is disjunctive judgment, and then deduces the conclusion according to the disjunctive judgment and the relationship between disjunctions.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to disjunctive syllogism:", "options": ["Because all matter in the universe is in the process of constant motion and change, the sun is also in motion", "All A belongs to B, all C belongs to A, so all C belongs to B", "If an enterprise adopts scientific management methods, its labor productivity will increase. Recently, the labor productivity of a power generation company has increased, so the power generation company must adopt scientific management methods", "Either social existence determines social consciousness, or social consciousness determines social existence. The history of social development has fully proved that it is by no means social consciousness that determines social existence, so it must be social existence that determines social consciousness"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13972, "answer": 2, "text": "Editorial in Krenlandian Newspaper: Krenland' s steelmakers are losing domestic sales because of lower-priced imports, in many cases because foreign governments subsidize their steel industries in ways that are banned by international treaties. But whatever the cause, the cost is ultimately going to be jobs in Krenland' s steel industry. Ttherefore, it would protect not only steel companies but also industrial employment in Krenland if our government took measures to reduce cheap steel imports.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the editorial's argument?", "options": ["Because of advances in order-taking, shipping, and inventory systems, the cost of shipping steel from foreign producers to Krenland has fallen considerably in recent years.", "Because steel from Krenland is rarely competitive in international markets, only a very small portion of Krenlandian steelmakers' revenue comes from exports.", "For many Krenlandian manufacturers who face severe international competition in both domestic and export markets, steel constitutes a significant part of their raw material costs.", "The international treaties that some governments are violating by giving subsidies to steelmakers do not specify any penalties for such violations."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6779, "answer": 2, "text": "It is common for normal children to focus on one or two things for a while, such as learning the jingle in a commercial or eating cereal in some kind of Mickey Mouse bowl. Generally speaking, these temporary fanaticism will eventually pass. Some normal children are naturally unenthusiastic and don't like to be hugged, but that doesn't mean they must be autistic.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["Autistic children like jingle or Mickey Mouse.", "Children who don't like being hugged are more likely to suffer from autistic.", "Abnormal concentration and apathy are manifestations of autistic.", "Advertising films may be the cause of autistic."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14396, "answer": 2, "text": "Editorial: The premier' s economic advisor assures her that with the elimination of wasteful spending the goal of reducing taxes while not significantly decreasing government services can be met. But the premier should not listen to this advisor, who in his youth was convicted of embezzlement. Surely his economic advice is as untrustworthy as he is himself, and so the premier should discard any hope of reducing taxes without a significant decrease in government services.", "question": "Which one of the following is a questionable argumentative strategy employed in the editorial's argument?", "options": ["rejecting a proposal on the grounds that a particular implementation of the proposal is likely to fail", "trying to win support for a proposal by playing on people's fears of what could happen otherwise", "criticizing the source of a claim rather than examining the claim itself", "presupposing what it sets out to establish"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10773, "answer": 0, "text": "Essayist: Only happiness is intrinsically valuable; other things are valuable only insofar as they contribute to happiness. Some philosophers argue that the fact that we do not approve of a bad person' s being happy shows that we value happiness only when it is deserved. This supposedly shows that we find something besides happiness to be intrinsically valuable. But the happiness people deserve is determined by the amount of happiness they bring to others. Ttherefore, __.", "question": "Which one of the following most logically completes the final sentence of the essayist's argument?", "options": ["the judgment that a person deserves to be happy is itself to be understood in terms of happiness", "people do not actually value happiness as much as they think they do", "the notion that people can be deserving of happiness is ultimately incoherent", "the only way to be assured of happiness is to bring happiness to those who have done something to deserve it"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12850, "answer": 1, "text": "The solution to any environmental problem that is not the result of government mismanagement can only lie in major changes in consumer habits. But major changes in consumer habits will occur only if such changes are economically enticing. As a result, few serious ecological problems will be solved unless the solutions are made economically enticing.", "question": "The conclusion drawn in the argument above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["Major changes in consumer habits can be made economically enticing.", "Few serious ecological problems are the result of government mismanagement.", "Few serious ecological problems can be solved by major changes in consumer habits.", "Most environmental problems that are not the result of government mismanagement are major ecological problems."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7241, "answer": 2, "text": "Hereditary refers to a self reproduction process in which organisms take in substances from the environment, build themselves and produce copies similar to their parents according to the same development path and mode experienced by their parents.", "question": "Which of the followings is hereditary:", "options": ["Lao Zhang is an old hand in business, and his son Xiao Zhang is also good at business", "Wang has a red bean shaped nevus on the tip of his eyebrows, and his son grew a nevus in the same part when he was three years old", "Zhao has mental illness, and his father had this mental illness before he died", "Liu is very good at playing table tennis, and his daughter also likes playing table tennis"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2233, "answer": 0, "text": "After reading a large number of biographies of poets in the Tang Dynasty, I found that most of the poets before the Mid-Tang Dynasty were arrogant. Du Fu was supposed to be a warm and careful person, but he boasted unequivocally: when I was young, I had already served as a guest to visit the king's capital. However, as a matter of fact, du Fu had never been a high-ranking official in his life, how could he be invited by the emperor to visit Wangdu? As long as you read a lot of books carefully, you will be very good at writing articles. Li Bai's I was originally a madman of the State of Chu, singing Phoenix songs and laughing at Kong Qiu, I look up to the sky and laugh when I go out.how can I grovel to serve the rich and powerful, so that I can't have a comfortable smile? Everyone is familiar with these. the emperor visited the lake and called him to write a preface to the poem. He refused to board the boat because he was drunk and claimed to be the fairy of wine. Although this sentence is written by du Fu, it can be called a bosom friend in Li Bai's personality.", "question": "According to the context, which of the following options is the author's arrogant attitude towards Li du's poems?", "options": ["It's not surprising", "Appreciate very much", "A little bit of a word", "Both commendatory and derogatory"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2516, "answer": 3, "text": "At the dinosaur excavation site in Xinjiang, experts predict that dinosaur skulls may be found.", "question": "Which of the following propositions has the same meaning as an expert?", "options": ["Impossible not to find a dinosaur skull", "Not necessarily find dinosaur skulls", "The discovery of a dinosaur skull is unlikely", "Not necessarily not finding dinosaur skulls"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4293, "answer": 2, "text": "Psychosomatic diseases refer to physical diseases in which psychosocial factors are the main reason or triggers involved in the onset of disease.", "question": "Which of the following is a psychosomatic disease?", "options": ["Old Li is usually in good health, but as soon as the catkins are flying and the flowers are scented in spring, he suffers from asthma", "Xiao Yang unfortunately contracted AIDS due to a blood transfusion, and was depressed and unhappy, and wanted to commit suicide several times", "Lao Zhang is always competitive and has a bad temper. Whenever something goes wrong, he has to use antihypertensive drugs to control his blood pressure", "Because of the loss of her lovely son in the car accident, Ms Wang became crazy, like Mistress Xiang Lin, she talked crazy when she saw people"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5085, "answer": 1, "text": "Soft addiction refers to those compulsive habits, behaviors or restorative emotions. It does not involve any substances with direct biological effects, but is based on certain phenomena that have strong psychological and behavioral effects.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not the phenomenon of soft addiction?", "options": ["Xiao Zhang was caught in a financial crisis due to frequent and unrestrained credit card shopping.Xiao Wang always sends his obsessive health knowledge to the circle of friends, which arouses disgust from friends", "Xiao Zhou is used to drinking cough syrup. If he doesn't drink it, he will feel uncomfortable.", "Xiao Zheng is addicted to watching Korean dramas and imitates them from time to time in life, which affects the relationship between husband and wife.", "Xiao Wang always sends his health knowledge, which he is infatuated with, to the moments, causing disgust among his friends."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1123, "answer": 1, "text": "It is reported that a mature female rat reproduces once in about 20 days. A small litter can give birth to six or seven small mice, and as many as a dozen small mice. And a little mouse can reach sexual maturity and reproductive ability at 1.5 to 2.5 months. Interestingly, scientists discovered that mice have a family planning function. When the total number of rats in an area is large, the rats will slow down their frequency of reproduction, and when there are fewer rats or people are mass extermination of rats, they will speed up reproduction and make the rats multiply rapidly.", "question": "Which of the followings is the main point of this passage?", "options": ["Mice have a short lifespan, so their life cycle is also short.", "There is self-regulation of the number of births in mice.", "The reproductive ability of mice is amazing and it is very harmful.", "The reproductive ability of mice depends on external environmental factors."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10237, "answer": 3, "text": "A new medical technology can be used clinically only if it is effective and safe. In 1998, American scientists successfully made human embryonic stem cells grow and proliferate in vitro. if this stem cell technology is combined with cloning technology, the necessary tissue cells can be cultured from patients' somatic cells to replace patients' damaged cells. to treat a variety of difficult diseases, this is the so-called therapeutic cloning. But now therapeutic cloning is still a long way from clinical use.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, will give the above conclusion the strongest support?", "options": ["Because therapeutic cloning involves the destruction of early human embryos, it has aroused strong opposition from the Roman Church and the governments of the United States, France, Germany and other countries", "So far, it is quite difficult to obtain human embryonic stem cells", "Hwang Woo-suk, a South Korean scholar, has promised to repair stem cells for a child paralyzed by a car accident, but all of his stem cell research results are fake", "At present, scientists are far from understanding the mechanism by which human embryonic stem cells differentiate into various cells and how to prevent them from turning into cancer cells"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3484, "answer": 0, "text": "For most people, the impression of the Great Wall is magnificent and winding, such as Badaling, Juyongguan, Shanhaiguan, Mutianyu and other scenic spots. However, they account for less than the whole great wall, and most of the rest are submerged in the wilderness, so the protection situation is worrying.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, supports the above conclusion best?", "options": ["The ancient Great Wall in remote areas has been stolen and excavated", "Curious and challenging explorers often climb the wild Great Wall", "The laws and regulations related to the protection of the Great Wall lack implementation rules, which is difficult to implement", "The Great Wall in the scenic area is more vulnerable to damage by tourists and can not be repaired in time"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9388, "answer": 0, "text": "In one study, the researchers observed the classroom participation of nearly 300 children in grade 2 and grade 4 over the course of a school year. Participation is measured by attentive behavior and distraction in class. The former refers to answering questions, raising hands to speak or participating in discussions, while the latter refers to behaviors such as small talk. In the experiment, half of the students stood at high desks while the other half sat. It was found that the students who stood up and listened to the class were more attentive than those who sat.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?", "options": ["Standing requires the brain to balance the body and control mild muscle contractions, which are moderately stressful to make people more focused", "Sitting for a long time will increase the pressure on the spine, which is not conducive to the health of students", "Even if they stand up and listen to the lecture, some students will walk back and forth, affecting the order of the class and distracting others", "Many lively students prefer to stand up and have better concentration, while introverted students prefer to sit and listen, which is more conducive to improving their attention"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11668, "answer": 0, "text": "The report released by the interior ministry states that within the past 5 years the national land-reclamation program has resulted in a 19 percent increase in the amount of arable land within the country. If these figures are accurate, the program has been a resounding success. Senator Armand, a distinguished mathematician and a woman of indisputable brilliance, maintains, however, that the reclamation program could not possibly have been successful. Clearly, ttherefore, the figures cited in the report cannot be accurate.", "question": "The argument above exhibits an erroneous pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by which one of the following?", "options": ["Moira, after observing the finish of the 60-kilometer bicycle race, reports that Lee won with Adams a distant third. Lomas, a bicycle engineering expert, insists, however, that Lee could not have won a race in which Adams competed; so Moira's report cannot be true.", "Amos claims that he can hold his breath under water for a full hour. Dr. Treviso, a cardiopulmonary specialist, has stated that humans are physiologically incapable of holding their breath for even half that long; so Amos' claim cannot be true.", "Evelyn reports that she got home before midnight. Robert, who always knows the time, insists that she did not. If Robert is right, Evelyn could not possibly have listened to the late news; since she admits not having listened to the late news, her report cannot be true.", "Albert's father claims that Albert does not know where the spare car keys are hidden. Yesterday, however, Albert reported that he had discovered the spare car keys in the garage toolbox, so his father's claim cannot be true."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

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