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{"id": 13817, "answer": 3, "text": "Manager: This company' s supply chain will develop significant weaknesses unless we make changes to our vendor contracts now. Some will argue that this problem is so far in the future that there is no need to address it today. But that is an irresponsible approach. Just imagine if a financial planner offered the same counsel to a 30-year-old client: Don' t worry, Jane, retirement is 35 years away; you don' t need to save anything now. That planner would be guilty of gross malpractice.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the manager's argument?", "options": ["Some people argue that the supply-chain problem is so far in the future that there is no need to address it now.", "In planning to meet its future obligations, a company should follow the same practices that are appropriate for an individual who is planning for retirement.", "Financial planners should advise their clients to save money for retirement only if retirement is many years away.", "It would be irresponsible to postpone changes to the vendor contracts just because the supply chain will not develop weaknesses for a long time."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10854, "answer": 1, "text": "Politician: Homelessness is a serious social problem, but further government spending to provide low-income housing is not the cure for homelessness. The most cursory glance at the real-estate section of any major newspaper is enough to show that there is no lack of housing units available to rent. So the frequent claim that people are homeless because of a lack of available housing is wrong.", "question": "That homelessness is a serious social problem figures in the argument in which one of the following ways?", "options": ["It summarizes a position the argument as a whole is directed toward discrediting.", "It is compatible either with accepting the conclusion or with denying it.", "It is required in order to establish the conclusion.", "It sets out a problem the argument is designed to resolve."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12367, "answer": 3, "text": "Individual pyrrole molecules readily join together into larger molecules called polypyrroles. If polypyrroles form from pyrrole in the presence of zeolites, they do so by attaching to the zeolite either in lumps on the outer surface of the zeolite or in delicate chains within the zeolite' s inner channels. When zeolite changes color from yellow to black, it means that on or in that zeolite polypyrroles have formed from pyrrole. Yellow zeolite free of any pyrrole was submerged in dissolved pyrrole. The zeolite turned black even though no polypyrroles formed on its outer surface.", "question": "If the statements above are true, which one of the following must on the basis of them be true?", "options": ["Little, if any, of the pyrrole in which the zeolite was submerged reached the zeolite's inner channels.", "None of the pyrrole in which the zeolite was submerged attached itself to the zeolite.", "Lumps of polypyrrole attached to the zeolite were responsible for its color change.", "At least some of the pyrrole in which the zeolite was submerged formed polypyrrole chains."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10613, "answer": 2, "text": "On the first day of the course, a philosophy professor told the class that no student has ever earned an A without reading all of the mandatory books. Jorge read all of the mandatory books and suggested course materials for his philosophy course. Ttherefore, Jorge will earn an A in his philosophy course.", "question": "What mistake does the argument commit in its reasoning?", "options": ["It confuses probability and certainty.", "It confuses relative and absolute solutions.", "It confuses a necessary and sufficient condition.", "It confuses correlation and causation."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10384, "answer": 3, "text": "Tang Sanzang and three other people went to the western sky to learn scriptures and encountered Fire Mountain. Bajie said, Let's just walk from where there is no fire. Tang Sanzang said, I just want to go to the place of the classics. Sha Wujing said, where there are scriptures, there is fire. What Sha Wujing means is that wherever there are scriptures, there is fire.", "question": "If Sha Wujing's words are true, which of the following options must be true?", "options": ["There are scriptures in some places where there is no fire.", "There is no fire in some places with scriptures.", "Wherever there is fire, there are scriptures.", "Where there is no fire, there is no scripture."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3997, "answer": 1, "text": "Sunlight, radiation, air pollution, etc. in the outside environment will make the human body produce more reactive oxygen free radicals. Reactive oxygen free radicals are the root cause of human aging, and antioxidants can effectively remove excess free radicals from the body.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct according to the above definition?", "options": ["Remove excess free radicals from the body, either to avoid sunlight and air pollution, or to be like antioxidants", "The rate of aging in people may be determined by the environment or by antioxidants", "Severe air pollution can affect the rate of aging and the effects of antioxidants", "Antioxidants can extend a person's life"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6990, "answer": 2, "text": "The most important feature of the government's control of public risks, which is different from other social affairs, is that decision-making is unknown. The existence of uncertainty increases the difficulty for the decision-making and implementation of risk control. In view of this, risk controllers should take into account scientific, economic, political and legal factors. Ignoring any of these factors may lead to regulatory failure.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["The importance of public risk control", "The complexity of public risk control", "The variability of public risk control", "The uncontrollability of public risk control"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10988, "answer": 3, "text": "There is a widespread belief that people can predict impending earthquakes from unusual animal behavior. Skeptics claim that this belief is based on selective coincidence: people whose dogs behaved oddly just before an earthquake will be especially likely to remember that fact. At any given time, the skeptics say, some of the world' s dogs will be behaving oddly.", "question": "Clarification of which one of the following issues would be most important to an evaluation of the skeptics' position?", "options": ["Are the sorts of behavior supposedly predictive of earthquakes as pronounced in dogs as they are in other animals?", "Are there animals about whose behavior people know too little to be able to distinguish unusual from everyday behavior?", "Which is larger, the number of skeptics or the number of people who believe that animal behavior can foreshadow earthquakes?", "Is the animal behavior supposedly predictive of earthquakes specific to impending earthquakes or can it be any kind of unusual behavior?"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9437, "answer": 3, "text": "Categorization refers to the individual's perception and judgment of the position of himself or others in society, which is not only based on the criteria of different classification of social systems in real society, but also based on the process of social comparison between himself and others. Classification is divided into social classification and self-classification. Social categorization is a subjective psychological process in which individuals divide others into different groups based on the similarity of sharing. Self-categorization means that the process of an individual from an independent individual to a member of a group is realized through classification, and the attribution of the group and the orientation of membership are realized through de-personalization.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is the self-classification?", "options": ["As long as the quality of everyone is improved, the quality of our whole people will naturally improve.Therefore, it is important to be yourself first.", "Xiaoming intends to apply for a position in the company, but his parents think that he is more suitable to be a civil servant.", "Students all say that Xiaoqian looks like a star. If she is an anchor, she must have a future.", "Doctor Wang is often very proud of his profession."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2420, "answer": 3, "text": "Many people who call themselves teachers are not actually teachers because teaching is not their main source of income.", "question": "Which of the following options is the conclusion of the above argument hypothesis?", "options": ["The income from teaching cannot maintain the normal life of teachers.", "Many people who are called teachers lack qualified professional knowledge and skills.", "The amount of income is a yardstick for a profession to be valued by the society.", "A person cannot be called a writer unless writing is the main source of his income. The same is true of other professions."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2709, "answer": 1, "text": "Mobile payment is now rapidly gaining popularity in large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. However, not all Chinese are familiar with this new method of payment and many elderly people are still used to traditional cash transactions. As a result, some experts assert that the rapid popularity of mobile payments will keep the elderly out of the consumer economy, thus affecting their quality of life in their later years.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best question the above expert's assertion?", "options": ["By 2030, the number of people over 60 in China will increase to 320 million and the quality of life of the elderly will further attract social attention.", "Because of their advanced age, many elderly people do not shop directly, and the goods they need are generally provided by their children or society, and they are very happy in their twilight years.", "In recent years, relevant state departments have issued a number of policies that consumers can complain when cash payment is refused, but many businesses still go their own way.", "Many elderly people have learned mobile payment methods and skills to prevent online fraud at home or in community centers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 307, "answer": 2, "text": "Xiao Chen was refused entry to the ancient book library by the staff because he did not have the status of a graduate student. Xiao Chen showed the pass of the rare book library of ancient books and said: According to the regulations, I can enter the ancient book library. The rule of it is that non-graduate students are not allowed to enter the ancient book library, and only those who have a pass for the pass of the rare book library of ancient books can enter the rare book library of ancient books.", "question": "Which of the followings is most likely to be Xiao Chen's understanding of the rules of the ancient book library?", "options": ["Those who are allowed to enter the ancient book library are not necessarily allowed to enter the rare book library of ancient books.", "There is no need for graduate status if you have a pass of the rare book library of ancient books.", "If you have a pass of the rare book library of ancient books, you can enter the ancient book library.", "You cannot enter the rare book library of ancient books unless you have a pass for access to the rare book library of ancient books."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12276, "answer": 3, "text": "In an experiment, volunteers walked individually through a dark, abandoned theater. Half of the volunteers had been told that the theater was haunted and the other half that it was under renovation. The first half reported significantly more unusual experiences than the second did. The researchers concluded that reports of encounters with ghosts and other supernatural entities generally result from prior expectations of such experiences.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the researchers' reasoning?", "options": ["The researchers did not believe that the theater was haunted.", "None of the volunteers in the second half believed that the unusual experiences they reported were supernatural.", "Each unusual experience reported by the volunteers had a cause that did not involve the supernatural.", "All of the volunteers in the first half believed that the researchers' statement that the theater was haunted was a lie."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 919, "answer": 0, "text": "Generally speaking, the oil quality standard is set by the petrochemical industry, and the environmental protection department does not have the relevant oil quality supervision power. Therefore, it is difficult for the environmental protection department to take effective measures in the face of the massive emission of pollutants and the aggravation of air pollution caused by urban traffic flow.", "question": "To draw the above conclusion, which of the following is needs to be added as a premise?", "options": ["Improved oil quality can effectively reduce vehicle pollutant emissions", "To improve the quality of oil needs the petrochemical industry to improve the corresponding standards", "Environmental protection departments have the right to decide on the formulation of oil quality standards", "The current environmental protection department's supervision of the petrochemical industry is weak"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9452, "answer": 0, "text": "Man is born of nature, and man and nature are in a symbiotic relationship, and damage to nature will eventually damage human beings. Therefore, only by respecting the laws of nature can we effectively prevent detours in the development and utilization of nature.", "question": "From the above statement, which of the followings can be concluded?", "options": ["If we do not respect the laws of nature, we cannot effectively prevent detours in the development and utilization of nature.", "If we do not respect the laws of nature, we cannot effectively prevent detours in the development and utilization of nature.", "Because man and nature are in a symbiotic relationship, the laws of nature must be respected.", "Humans are born from nature, so we must develop and utilize nature."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9971, "answer": 2, "text": "The education system has two aspects, one is compulsory education, the other is higher education. A reasonable education system requires everyone to have the right to compulsory education and the opportunity to obtain higher education through fair competition.", "question": "Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above conclusion?", "options": ["An education system that does not enable everyone to go to college is unreasonable", "An education system that ensures that everyone enjoys compulsory education is reasonable", "An education system that does not enable everyone to enjoy the right to compulsory education is unreasonable", "A reasonable education system should have more requirements"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6811, "answer": 3, "text": "After World War II, the British Labour government established the welfare state based on the Beveridge report. Then many European and American countries followed suit, among which the four Nordic countries, led by Sweden, deducted the concept of welfare state to the extreme. One of the goals of European welfare society is universal. The welfare foundation of from cradle to grave is based on the high taxes of enterprises and individuals, which causes great operating pressure on many enterprises and even leads to the stagnation of national economic development.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most accurate summary of the gist of this passage?", "options": ["Show the development process of European welfare society.", "Introduce the basic characteristics of European welfare society.", "Reveal the foundation of European welfare society.", "Reflection on the problems of European Welfare Society."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12390, "answer": 2, "text": "Moral integrity in business is of the highest concern, for businesses that lose their integrity cannot survive. By definition, a business that has lost its integrity is no longer integrated; hence businesses that lose their integrity literally disintegrate.", "question": "The argument's reasoning is flawed because the argument", "options": ["takes for granted that the survival of businesses is the only important ethical concern", "confuses a cause of integrity with an effect of integrity", "contains a key term that shifts in meaning from one sense to another", "overlooks the possibility that integrity is not a public-relations or management goal of some businesses"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14500, "answer": 0, "text": "Advertisement: Hypnosis videos work to alter behavior by subliminally directing the subconscious to act in certain ways. Directions to the subconscious must, however, be repeated many times in order to be effective. Hypnosis videos from Mesmosis, Inc. induce a hypnotic stale and then issue an initial command to the subject' s subconscious to experience each subsequent instruction as if it had been repeated 1, 000 times. Because of the initial instruction, the subsequent instructions on Mesmosis videos are extremely effective -- it is as if they had actually been repeated 1, 000 times!", "question": "The advertisement's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the advertisement", "options": ["overlooks a requirement that it states for the effectiveness of directions to the subconscious", "takes for granted that the effectiveness of a direction to the subconscious is always directly proportional to the number of times the direction is repeated", "concludes that hypnosis videos will be effective simply because they have never been proven to be ineffective", "concludes that hypnosis is the most effective technique for altering behavior without considering evidence supporting other techniques"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5067, "answer": 3, "text": "Shepherd Economics refers to the situation that shepherd boys only graze when grazing, regardless of the damage to the grassland. In economics, in order to pursue high production (consumption of natural resources) and high consumption (transformation of commodities into pollutants), they consume a large number of natural resources quickly and choose waste accumulated environmental pollution.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to Shepherd Economics:", "options": ["The excreta of passengers in the spacecraft is treated and purified into oxygen, water and salt, which are recycled and then used by passengers", "Pig manure and some straw are used as raw materials for biogas digesters, and the biogas produced can be used for cooking and lighting", "A place invested a lot of money to organize villagers to plant apple trees. Due to poor sales, apples fell to the ground after ripening and rotted a lot", "In order to improve crop yield, a place consumes a lot of water resources, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in soil and groundwater pollution"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12769, "answer": 1, "text": "The shoe factory in Centerville is the town' s largest firm, and it employs more unskilled workers on a full-time basis than all of the other businesses in town combined. Ttherefore, if the shoe factory closes down and ceases all operations, more than half of Centerville' s residents who are unskilled workers with full-time jobs in Centerville will lose their jobs.", "question": "The conclusion above logically follows from the premises if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["More people who now are residents of Centerville are employed than are unemployed.", "The shoe factory in Centerville employs no one who is not a resident of Centerville.", "Centerville has more unskilled workers among its population than it has skilled workers.", "There are no factories in Centerville other than the shoe factory."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6424, "answer": 3, "text": "The Yellow River is the second largest river in China and one of the few naked rivers in the world. She started from the northern foot of Bayan Kara Mountain and accepted thousands of streams and rivers, flowing eastward through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and other nine provinces and regions, into the vast sea. With a total length of 5464 kilometers and a basin area of more than 750000 square kilometers, it is like a golden dragon lying with its head held high on the vast land in the north of our country.", "question": "Which of the following options does not belong to the characteristics of the Yellow River?", "options": ["The Yellow River has a long process", "The Yellow River basin is vast", "The Yellow River is majestic", "The Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10971, "answer": 2, "text": "Many scholars believe that official medieval persecutions of various minority groups were undertaken very reluctantly by medieval authorities and only in order to soothe popular unrest caused by underlying popular hostility to the groups in question. This belief is highly questionable. For one thing, there are few indications of any profound underlying popular hostility toward persecuted groups in cases where persecutions were particularly violent and sustained. For another, the most serious and widespread persecutions carried out by medieval authorities seem to have had as targets exactly those groups that most effectively disputed these authorities' right to govern.", "question": "The argument proceeds by", "options": ["referring to the large numbers of scholarly adherents of a certain view to support the claim that the view is correct", "establishing a general principle and using the principle to justify a conclusion about a particular category of cases", "citing both a lack of evidence supporting a particular explanation and further evidence that suggests an alternative explanation", "providing reasons to suspect the reliability of any conclusions based on evidence concerning the distant past"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6940, "answer": 0, "text": "At present, there is still a phenomenon of arbitrary fees in education in China, with a variety of names, the proportion of family education expenditure in family personal consumption is too high, and the educational burden of families and children is heavy. In Beijing, when a child graduates from primary school to high school, various education-related expenses are conservatively estimated at more than 100000 yuan.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["At present, there is still a phenomenon of arbitrary charging in education in China", "At present, the main problem of youth education in China is to charge fees indiscriminately", "At present, the problem of education in China is the heavy educational burden on families and children", "At present, the problem of education in China is that there are many kinds of education fees"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7616, "answer": 2, "text": "Through actual investigations, it was found that some defendants were innocent or even framed; not all suspects were criminals.", "question": "If the situation of the above investigation is true, which of the following must be true?", "options": ["Many suspects are framed", "All the suspects are not criminals", "Some suspects are not criminals", "Most suspects are criminals"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8317, "answer": 1, "text": "The twin towers effect refers to the phenomenon that two powerful neighboring economies unite and make use of their respective ability to gather radiation to jointly promote the development of the surrounding region.", "question": "Which of the followings belongs to the twin towers effect?", "options": ["Centering on the requirements of accurately locating the consumer population and building a characteristic commercial body, a certain city has promoted the misplaced competition in the commercial layout by taking the famous business district in the urban area as the axis, and built different functional areas such as business, culture, housing and so on.", "Two mega-cities in a certain region take advantage of their superior location, and according to the principle of giving full play to their advantages, learning from each other's strong points to offset their weaknesses, and mutual benefit, after years of efforts, they have formed a leading advantage in science and technology, culture, industry and so on.", "In order to speed up the economic development, a certain city has integrated the core areas with strong economic foundation and limited development space with the suburbs with weak foundation but great potential for development, and the comprehensive strength of the city has been significantly improved soon.", "At the beginning of the establishment of a state-level innovative industrial park in a certain city, it focused on cultivating two major industries: information and medicine, attracting many of the world's top 500 enterprises to settle in, which further promoted the transformation and upgrading of the city's industry and enhanced the overall competitiveness of the city."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14602, "answer": 1, "text": "Studies have shown that treating certain illnesses with treatment X produces the same beneficial changes in patients' conditions as treating the same illnesses with treatment Y. Furthermore, treatment X is quicker and less expensive than treatment Y. Thus, in treating these illnesses, treatment X should be preferred to treatment Y.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?", "options": ["Until recently, treatment X was more expensive than treatment Y.", "Unlike treatment Y, treatment X has produced harmful side effects in laboratory animals.", "Treatment Y is prescribed more often by physicians than treatment X.", "A third treatment, treatment Z, is even quicker and less expensive than treatment X."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5448, "answer": 1, "text": "According to media reports, a university has officially dismissed 54 professors and associate professors, and rejoiced in the so-called dismissal of professors. The reason is that China's essentially lifelong professor system is like a pot of rice. On the one hand, it leads to a large number of redundant staff in colleges and universities, and on the other hand, it makes professors reluctant to make progress and inhibit competition and innovation.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can effectively question the above measures?", "options": ["Dismissing professors will create a sense of insecurity among university teachers and increase the worries of teachers' work.", "Professors should be the masters of the University. Dismissal of professors is not conducive to the academic development of the University.", "The unscientific dismissal conditions formulated by university administrative leaders will attack the work enthusiasm of in-service professors.", "The dismissal of professors cannot solve some problems existing in the University and cannot achieve the expected effect."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7891, "answer": 1, "text": "Differential competition means that many enterprises in the same industry adopt flexible and personalized means to establish a good corporate image and win the market in the short-term fierce competition.", "question": "Which of the following options belongs to differential competition?", "options": ["During the Spring Festival, several major network short video platforms have launched red packet grabbing activities, you send 500 million, he sent 800 million, the competition has reached a white-hot level.", "Under the condition that other real estate developers have reduced prices and promoted sales, a certain real estate has improved its quality and introduced famous school resources, so its sales volume is far ahead of other real estate developments in the same period.", "During the holidays, several large electrical shopping malls in the urban area will offer preferential activities such as giving away small household appliances and extending the warranty period, so citizens often wait until this time to concentrate their purchases.", "In the general depressed environment of physical bookstores, a bookstore located in a busy neighborhood has always maintained its market positioning and committed to selling high-grade professional books. It has become a local cultural landmark."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7313, "answer": 2, "text": "In some places, the relevant provisions of the organic Law on villagers' committees have not been truly implemented, in particular an important spirit of the law -- the use of means such as supervision and evaluation in the management process to curb the abuse of power by village officials, it is far from being put in place. Against this background, some village officials are wildly corrupt and it is difficult for villagers to safeguard their rights. Only the investigation group through administrative channels or the Two courtsthrough judicial channels may not be able to solve the problem.", "question": "Which of the following sentences can best weaken the above relevant content?", "options": ["In some places, the relevant provisions of the organic Law of villagers' committees have been truly implemented.", "The investigation group relying on administrative channels or the Two courts relying on judicial channels can not solve the problem of village officials' corruption.", "The relevant provisions of the organic law of the villagers' committee of our country have been implemented truly.", "The investigation group relying on administrative channels or the Two courts relying on judicial channels may solve the problem of village officials' corruption."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13965, "answer": 3, "text": "Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would ttherefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child' s accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one' s own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.", "question": "The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?", "options": ["Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.", "It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.", "All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.", "All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15009, "answer": 1, "text": "This region must find new ways to help business grow. After all, shoe manufacturing used to be a major local industry, but recently has experienced severe setbacks due to overseas competition, so there is a need for expansion into new manufacturing areas. Moreover, our outdated public policy generally inhibits business growth.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion drawn in the argument?", "options": ["Outdated public policy inhibits business growth in the region.", "The region needs to find new ways to enhance business growth.", "Shoe manufacturing is no longer a major source of income in the region.", "Business in the region must expand into new areas of manufacturing."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 392, "answer": 2, "text": "Courtyard economy refers to a form of operation in which farmers make full use of the family courtyard space, surrounding non contracted empty land and various resources to engage in highly intensive commodity production, mainly including planting, breeding and processing industry.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is a courtyard economy?", "options": ["Plant flowers and plants on the balcony to beautify the living environment.", "Raise carp in contracted ponds.", "Build a handicraft weaving factory with tile roofed houses in their backyard.", "Graze sheep on the grassland."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3375, "answer": 0, "text": "Social morality refers to the moral norms gradually formed in human long-term social practice and should be followed by every social citizen in performing social obligations or activities involving social public interests. In essence, it is the moral norms, cultural concepts and ideological traditions accumulated in social practice by a country, a nation or a group in the long history.", "question": "Which of the following does not belong to the category of social morality?", "options": ["Xiao Liu is recognized as a good comrade by his unit, but he just likes to wear trendy clothes.", "Xiao Zhang is introverted and not good at words. He is a law-abiding young man.", "Everyone praises Xiao Li as a diligent and quick man. He always sweeps the road in front of the door clean.", "Although Xiao Wang doesn't do everything right, he can always reach out to help others when they are in an emergency."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 298, "answer": 0, "text": "A country's demographic agency predicts that by 2031, the country's population will fall below 127 million, and the population will decrease by 24 million in the next 40 years. To this end, the country's government has introduced a series of policies to encourage childbirth. In recent years, the total population of the country has stabilized. As of June 1, 2014, the population was 146.1 milli. The population growth from January to May 2014 was 59,100, with a growth rate of 0.04%. Therefore, some experts believe that the country's policy of encouraging childbirth has achieved the desired effect.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, would best strengthen the above point of view?", "options": ["If the country's government does not introduce policies to encourage childbirth, the total child population will continue to decline.", "If the country's government introduces a more effective policy to encourage childbirth, it can improve the quality of the population.", "In recent years, the total population of the country has shown a slow upward trend.", "The government's policy to encourage childbirth is a long-term national policy."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10923, "answer": 1, "text": "Manatees, aquatic mammals inhabiting Florida' s rivers and coastal waters, swim close to the surface and are frequently killed in collisions with boats. To address the problem, boat traffic in manatee-populated waters is being required to maintain very low speeds. Unfortunately, manatees are unable to hear low-pitched sounds and a boat' s sound lowers in pitch as the boat slows. Ttherefore, this approach may in fact make things worse rather than better.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the conclusion?", "options": ["The areas where boats would have to maintain low speeds were decided partly on the basis of manatee-population estimates and partly from numbers of reported collisions between manatees and boats.", "When experimenters exposed manatees to the recorded sounds of boats moving at various speeds, the creatures were unable to discern the sounds over normal background noise.", "Over the last several decades, boat traffic in Florida's coastal waters has been increasing almost continuously and now represents the greatest threat to the endangered manatee population.", "The sound of a boat engine generally travels much further under water than it does through the air."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6570, "answer": 2, "text": "After conducting 5.1 million ocean tests around the world between the 1950s and 1990s, scientists at the Oceanographic Digital Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration pointed out thatDuring global warming, most of the heat is absorbed by the ocean. In the past 40 years, the sea water temperature has increased by an average of 0.31 degrees Celsius within 300 meters below the surface and by an average of 0.06 degrees Celsius within three kilometers.", "question": "According to the above conclusion, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["American scientists have done a lot of long-term measurement and analysis work on the ocean", "American scientists have found that the earth is warming through long-term measurement and analysis", "American scientists point out that most of the heat is absorbed by the ocean during global warming", "American scientists have proved with a large number of data that the sea water temperature is rising"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2392, "answer": 1, "text": "Social fission is a profit-driven business model that promotes the spread and sale of products through social interaction between people. In essence, it motivates customers to form fission through profit-driven.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to social fission?", "options": ["A WeChat customer chooses a product and shares it in his own social circle. After their friends help to bargain, customers can buy at a low price and promote the product at the same time.", "After a Wechat user buys her favorite goods, she often takes pictures and posts them in her moments. Gradually, everyone knows that she likes to buy high-end luxury goods.", "After the customers of an e-commerce platform successfully buy the goods, they share their links and all those who click can get the random amount of coupons provided by the merchants.", "Regular customers of a coffee shop can get a package coupon after participating in the activity of inviting friends to have coffee for free."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5228, "answer": 1, "text": "The continuing offence refers to the criminal pattern that the perpetrator commits the same crime for several times on the basis of the same criminal intention.", "question": "Which of the following is a continuous offender?", "options": ["In order to kill B and C, A put the medicine into his rice pot at one time, causing B and C to die at the same time.", "In order to repay the gambling debts, a gambler broke into the house eight times and stole more than 30,000 yuan. ", "A bandit from JingXi, is traveling around the country, and has killed and robbed many people.", "A cashier accidentally discovered that there was an loophole in the unit's Financial Management Regulations and accounted for 3,000 yuan in public funds, and later used the loophole again to embezzle 8,000 yuan."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7526, "answer": 0, "text": "Pi type talent refers to a compound talent who possesses at least two professional skills and can integrate multiple knowledge. The two vertical columns of Pi refer to two professional skills and the bar above refers to the integration of multiple knowledge.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is Pi type talent?", "options": ["Mr. Zhuang has two doctorates in science and management, and is now the president of a high-tech enterprise. He has a number of patents and enjoys cycling in his spare time", "Zhang is a well-known hairdresser who cuts hair for more than 20 customers every day. Although she is very tired at the end of the day, she accompanies her daughter to play the piano when she goes home", "Mr. Cao is a leader in the clothing industry. He knows all kinds of clothing styles, fabrics, workmanship, origin and market conditions like the back of his hand. He has failed several times to enter the catering industry.", "Lao Zhao is a hotel chef, sichuan cuisine, Cantonese cuisine, Huaiyang cuisine is good at everything, usually also hard practice calligraphy, singing or, is a famous mai ba in the circle of friends"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5913, "answer": 3, "text": "When a high-pressure peak encounters a low-pressure peak, precipitation usually occurs. Meteorologists can predict when and where they meet by measuring the speed of two moving peaks.", "question": "Which of the following options can be derived?", "options": ["The job of a meteorologist is to predict precipitation", "The low pressure peak always moves in the direction of the high pressure peak", "Precipitation does not necessarily require the appearance of low pressure peaks", "Certain precipitation predictions are based on the general response of high and low pressure peaks"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2487, "answer": 2, "text": "The basketball team coach stipulates that if player No. 1 plays and player No. 3 does not play, at least one of players No. 5 and No. 7 must play.", "question": "If the coach's regulations are implemented, the sufficient conditions for No. 1 player not to play is:", "options": ["No. 3 played, No. 5 and No. 7 play.", "No. 3 didn't play, No. 5 and No. 7 played.", "No. 3, No. 5 and No. 7 didn't play.", "No. 3, No. 5 and No. 7played."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7361, "answer": 2, "text": "Material economy is an economy with material resources as the main labor resources. The primitive economy is the primitive material economy, the agricultural economy is the economy based on biological material resources, and the industrial economy is the advanced stage of material economic development. Knowledge economy is a new economic form relative to material economy, which is based on knowledge resources. The prerequisite for the establishment of knowledge economy is the high development of industrial economy, and industrial economy is based on science and technology, so without the high development and wide application of science and technology, material economy can not be transformed into knowledge economy.", "question": "Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the following is correct?", "options": ["If science and technology are highly developed and widely used, material economy can be transformed into knowledge economy", "If the material economy cannot be transformed into a knowledge economy, there will be no high development and wide application of science and technology", "Only when science and technology are highly developed and widely used can material economy be transformed into knowledge economy", "Only when the material economy is transformed into a knowledge economy can science and technology be highly developed and widely used"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1225, "answer": 2, "text": "Why has the completion of the main body of China's FAST (500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope) attracted warm attention at home and abroad? There are three reasons. First, it can see far. As the radio telescope with the largest caliber at present, FAST can theoretically receive electromagnetic signals beyond 13.7 billion light-years. Second, it is very flexible. FAST's cable net structure can change with the movement of celestial bodies, greatly improving the observation efficiency. Third, it is high precision. FAST's structure has millimeter accuracy requirements everywhere: it is used to weave steel cables as thick as the arm of the cable net, the machining accuracy is controlled within 1mm. The final accuracy of the antenna is 3mm and the manufacturing accuracy of the small panel is 1.5mm. All this means that we will be able to listen to the voices from deeper in the universe and observe the more hidden mysteries of the universe.", "question": "Which of the following is the most suitable title for the above text?", "options": ["Pay close attention to China's FAST at home and abroad", "Approaching China FAST into the depths of the universe", "China's FAST has three advantages", "Listen to voices from the depths of the universe"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3625, "answer": 2, "text": "Impression management refers to the efforts of individuals to show themselves in front of others in order to make others form a positive impression of themselves.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is not considered to be impression management?", "options": ["At the academic seminar, Professor Zhang was eloquent and quoted from others, attracting everyone's attention and appreciation", "The school held a mountaineering competition, and the sports committee member Wang took the lead and rushed to the top of the mountain, winning applause", "The three-year-old Xiao Li is very naughty in kindergarten and often paints on the walls. The teacher has said that he is still like this many times", "Ms. Wang is the owner of a beauty salon. She usually pays great attention to skin care and grooming, which always gives people a radiant feeling"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15081, "answer": 3, "text": "Outsiders in any field often believe that they can bring in fresh, useful solutions that have been overlooked by insiders. But in fact, attempts at creativity that are not grounded in relevant experience are futile. Problems can be solved only by people who really understand them, and no one gains such understanding without experience.", "question": "Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?", "options": ["Those people who are experienced in a field rarely overlook creative solutions.", "The experience required for effective problem-solving in a field does not vary depending on the field's complexity.", "The more experience a person has in a field, the more creatively that person can solve problems in the field.", "Creative solutions in a field always come from people with experience in that field."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13739, "answer": 1, "text": "Goodbody, Inc. , is in the process of finding tenants for its newly completed Parrot Quay commercial development, which will make available hundreds of thousands of square feet of new office space on what was formerly derelict property outside the financial center of the city. Surprisingly enough, the coming recession, though it will hurt most of the city' s businesses, should help Goodbody to find tenants.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, does most to help resolve the apparent paradox?", "options": ["Public transportation links the financial center with the area around Parrot Quay.", "Businesses forced to economize by the recession will want to take advantage of the lower rents available outside the financial center.", "Many of Goodbody's other properties are in the financial center and will become vacant if the recession is severe enough to force Goodbody's tenants out of business.", "The area in which the Parrot Quay development is located became derelict after the heavy industry that used to be there closed down in a previous recession."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12409, "answer": 3, "text": "The waters off the coast of Iceland are filled with pods of killer whales, which migrate there during the summer. Wildlife parks that rely on the killer whales for entertainment hunt the killer whale almost exclusively in the water of Iceland, because strict sanctions forbid them from doing so off the coast of North America, an area also abundant in killer whales. Since Iceland recently gave into pressure from international groups opposed to the hunting of killer whales, it too will forbid the hunting of killer whales off its coast. Ttherefore, all wildlife parks will be forced to end their shows featuring killer whales once their current killer whales are unable to perform.", "question": "All of the following cast doubt on the conclusion of the argument EXCEPT?", "options": ["The recent ban only extends to within one hundred miles of Iceland, though killer whales are plentiful along the shores of Greenland, which fall outside this range.", "In-park killer whale births have become increasingly common, especially in those wildlife parks that harbor a large number of killer whales.", "The incoming prime minister of Canada, who is more conservative, is planning on lifting the ban on hunting killer whales off the coast of Canada.", "It is nearly impossible to catch killer whales in deep waters, so hunters typically rely on luring killer whales into coves."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7395, "answer": 1, "text": "Discount principle: When there are other reasons that seem to be reasonable, the effect of the cause of a certain result will be discounted.", "question": "Which of the following is affected by the discount principle?", "options": ["Qian has always insisted on long-distance running in the morning, and he exercises for at least 1 hour every day, which makes people who know admire it.", "Lao Cai saw a young man helping an old man to cross the road and thought to himself: Is this man the grandson of the old man?", "After witnessing the quarrel between the young man and the salesperson, Xiao Du felt that the young man was too picky.", "The temperature will drop sharply these days, and there will be heavy rainfall, the family mobilizes Xiaoyu not to go out in these few days."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9850, "answer": 2, "text": "The theory of mime means that the mutual behavior between people in social life is a kind of performance to some extent. Everyone, like an actor, performs to the audience on the stage according to the requirements of a certain role in a certain scene. In the whole process of performance, people always try to make their behavior closer to the role they want to present to the audience, and the audience sees the role rather than the actor itself. When the performance is over and the actor returns backstage, his true face is revealed, and the actor returns to his original self.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not prove the theory of mime?", "options": ["Xiao Li came to talk to Xiao Ming about his homework. Instead of opening the door immediately, Xiao Ming hid his smelly socks under the bed.", "In the story of the King's New clothes, the subjects praised the splendor and beauty of the new clothes during the parade.", "Xiao Wei was short of money but worked hard, so the boss quietly drove a limousine to pick up his parents at the airport.", "Through stealing pictures and stitching, Xiao Fei sends photos of eating good food, fitness and games on Wechat moments every day."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4495, "answer": 3, "text": "The uncreated syndrome, or NIH syndrome, is a cultural phenomenon in society, companies, and organizations. People are reluctant to use, buy or accept a product, research or knowledge,the reason is not technical or legal, but simply that it comes from elsewhere.", "question": "Based on the above definition, which of the following is related to uncreated syndrome?", "options": ["On the anniversary of September 18th, Xiao Li takes off his Japanese car tag.", "After the inspection, A company in Country returned a whole batch of unqualified imported optical equipment from Country B.", "A country has announced a total ban on the import of aquatic products from eight prefectures around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.", "Residents of a country with a strong patriotic attachment buy only locally produced mobile phones."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5621, "answer": 0, "text": "Top-level design: it refers to the systematic solution to the problem at the highest level by comprehensively considering all levels and elements of the system, tracing the source, commanding the overall situation.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not meet the requirements of top-level design?", "options": ["A municipal government found problems in the inspection of the implementation effect of landscaping decisions, and relevant leaders instructed to optimize the greening scheme of North District", "The board of directors of a company convened relevant experts to draft a plan on the expansion of the company's business scope and the acquisition of overseas projects. After demonstration, the board of Directors voted", "In order to make good use of these resources, the government under its jurisdiction organized experts at home and abroad to study the island development plan", "When developing large-scale software, software companies convened experts to demonstrate the software framework, and established software design ideas on the basis of fully absorbing expert opinions"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7429, "answer": 2, "text": "Information Cocoon Room: refers to people in their own field of information will be accustomed to be quoted by interest to guide, and finally bind themselves, like a silkworm, and finally shackled in their own,In the Cocoon Room.", "question": "Which of the following options does not belong to the information cocoon room?", "options": ["Working Miss Wang is very fond of online shopping, a year to buy a variety of online goods piled up in a room", "Li Nutu is a Weibo control, wherever you go, you have to take pictures with your mobile phone and upload them to your Weibo", "Junior Xu often uses campus network or social networking site to search for and exchange learning and entertainment materials", "A man basically spends his time in Tianya community at night, browsing various forum posts and leaving messages"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3411, "answer": 3, "text": "Only those who play well in Gateball can join the Gateball Association. All the Croquet Association wore sun hats. Some retired comrades are members of the Gateball Association. No one on a certain street can play croquet.", "question": "Which of the following can not confirm the true or false?", "options": ["None of the people on the street are members of the Croquet Association.", "Some people on the street were wearing sun hats.", "Some retired comrades wear sun hats.", "Some retired comrades are good at croquet."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5734, "answer": 0, "text": "When the director group of a large evening party conducted the final review of the festival, six programs have not yet been determined to pass. These six programs are Song A, Song B, Crosstalk C, Crosstalk D, Dance E, and Magic F. With comprehensive consideration of various factors, the director team determined the following plans: (1) Song A and Song B must be passed at least one; (2) If the cross talk C cannot pass or the cross talk D cannot pass, then the song A cannot pass; (3) If the cross talk C cannot pass, then magic F can't pass; (4) Only dance E can pass, song B can pass. The director team finally determined that dance E can't pass.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["It is impossible to determine whether Magic F will pass.", "Song A cannot pass.", "It is impossible to determine whether the two cross talk programs will pass.", "Song B can pass."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9557, "answer": 3, "text": "Human society is not an one-dimensional linear development, the advantages and disadvantages between gains and losses need to be carefully weighed. At a time of the rapid development of block printing, Su Dongpo marveled at the fact that young students like to read, scramble to print classics and ancient books, and read as many as 10,000 pages every day, but do not like to learn. Isn't that the case with us today? Electronic media does bring convenience and equality to literature access, but do human beings trapped in the ocean of information absorb and inherit more knowledge than ever before, and thus produce higher wisdom?", "question": "Which of the following options is the main point of view expressed in this passage?", "options": ["The advantages and disadvantages brought by the development of information technology need to be carefully weighed.", "Human beings are trapped in a ocean of information, but they do not acquire more knowledge.", "The convenience of literature access does not bring much wisdom to everyone.", "Although it is convenient to acquire knowledge at present, there are also hidden disadvantages."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2055, "answer": 1, "text": "In the second half of last year, an award-winning solicitation campaign for cases of logical language application in newspapers and periodicals was organized by the Chinese Logic Society and other units, which inspected four central-level newspapers and 24 provincial-level newspapers. According to experts, there are 5.8 mistakes in each newspaper on average. These mistakes include unclear concepts, improper judgment, wrong reasoning, and so on, such as saying that National Day is the birthday of the motherland, thinking that three top three are the top three, calling unfounded rumors as baseless rumors, and nearly 500 people. has tripled. For a long time, such ridiculous statements have emerged one after another.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main description of this passage?", "options": ["There is an urgent need to improve the Chinese accomplishment of authors, editors and other personnel.", "We must attach great importance to the application of Chinese and logic.", "The application of Chinese and logic in newspapers and periodicals are mixed together and there is no time to digest, organize and standardize.", "In the application of Chinese and logic, the hard wound caused by carelessness should be eliminated and common sense errors should be reduced."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1287, "answer": 3, "text": "Font tower, also known as font, treasure tower, word incinerator, tribute pavilion and so on, as the name implies, is a tower-shaped building that burns character paper in ancient times. The ancients believed that writing was sacred and noble, and that written paper should not be discarded at will, even if the waste paper needed to be washed and incinerated. When burning words and paper, it is very solemn, not only with special personnel, but also with special etiquette. Villagers in some places also organize cherish associations. In addition to volunteering, people volunteer to take to the streets to collect words and paper. After all the used subsets of Confucian classics are worn and broken, they should be sacrificed in the font tower for ten or eight years, and then set on fire and incinerated after a memorial ceremony on an auspicious day. From the Ming Dynasty, the word Kuta appeared in southern China, to the Qing Dynasty, the belief in cherishing the word paper reached its peak, and now most of the remaining character towers were built in the Qing Dynasty.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following is the author's main intention?", "options": ["Affirm the ancients' sacred belief in word and paper", "Elaborate the concrete ritual of ancient people cherishing and honoring words", "Appeal to today's people not to lose their awe of words and paper", "Explain the historical changes of the construction of font tower"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8557, "answer": 1, "text": "If the known bright knowledge (that is, knowledge that can be expressed in words, formulas, programs, and language) is a small corner of the iceberg, then dark knowledge (new knowledge that human beings cannot feel and cannot express, that is, a new kind of knowledge that is being discovered by new machines today) is the largest piece under the iceberg. Dark knowledge will be the largest amount of knowledge that will dominate and occupy the whole space of knowledge in the future. We need to be prepared. The authority of human knowledge is just beginning to be shaken. In the future, more and more knowledge can be mastered and discovered by machines. Slowly, we may become an island-like existence, inundated by the ocean of dark knowledge.", "question": "Which of the followings is intended to describe this passage?", "options": ["Human beings will be isolated by dark knowledge.", "Dark knowledge will dominate the field of knowledge in the future.", "The authority of human knowledge is gradually losing.", "Artificial intelligence is the creator of dark knowledge."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5729, "answer": 2, "text": "Humans have been fighting against malaria for centuries, but it has always been a temporary solution but not a permanent cure and unable to block the source of malaria infection. Recently, researchers have developed a genetically modified mosquito that has the ability to no longer infect malaria and can hinder the reproduction of wild mosquitoes, thereby effectively cutting off the transmission route of malaria between humans and mosquitoes, and over time, the stubborn disease of malaria can be eradicated.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would best support the above conclusion?", "options": ["The physique of genetically modified mosquitoes is worse than that of wild mosquitoes. Once placed in the wild, it is easy to die.", "Genetically modified mosquitoes only have a survival advantage when malaria is present.When there is no malaria in the living environment, their survival rate is the same as that of wild mosquitoes.", "The reproductive ability of genetically modified mosquitoes has increased significantly after 9 generations, which may lead to the extinction of wild mosquito populations.", "The offspring of genetically modified mosquitoes mated with wild mosquitoes do not all have anti-malarial genes, but they all have mutations at the genetic level to form new mosquitoes."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9003, "answer": 2, "text": "In car accidents, airbags can greatly reduce the risk of serious injury. However, statistics show that cars without airbags are less likely to be involved in accidents than those with airbags. Therefore, cars with airbags are no safer than cars without airbags.", "question": "Which of the followings most accurately describes the shortcomings of the above argument?", "options": ["This possibility is denied: Cars without airbags will have other safety measures to reduce the risk of serious injury.", "The argument is hypothetical rather than conclusive: cars with airbags may be involved in accidents in the future.", "The argument is only hypothetical but not conclusive: the occurrence of the accident is at least as important as the serious injury caused by the accident in the assessment of safety.", "Ignore the possibility: in some accidents, both cars with airbags and cars without airbags are included."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13251, "answer": 0, "text": "In Metroville, the KP subway line follows the riverfront from downtown to the neighborhoods surrounding the university. No matter how many trains the subway runs on the KP line, there are always congestion and delays on the KP line. The subway submitted a proposal for an alternate subway line that would travel from downtown to the neighborhoods surrounding the university via the inland neighborhoods, hoping to draw some of the congestion from the KP line. The city hired urban planning consultants who concluded the subway' s proposal of a new line would not reduce commuter congestion on the KP line.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the urban planning consultants' position?", "options": ["The most popular after-work destinations, such as riverfront restaurants and bars as well as the ballpark, would only be accessible by the current KP line.", "Construction of a new subway line would inevitably stimulate the growth of new business and restaurants along that line, especially in the vicinity of the stations of that new line.", "The city buses that run along the river between downtown and the university would be more attractive to commuters than an inland subway line.", "Construction of a new subway line would involve constructing a number of new stations throughout the city."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13367, "answer": 2, "text": "Three large companies and seven small companies currently manufacture a product with potential military applications. If the government regulates the industry, it will institute a single set of manufacturing specifications to which all ten companies will have to adhere. In this case, ttherefore, since none of the seven small companies can afford to convert their production lines to a new set of manufacturing specifications, only the three large companies will be able to remain in business.", "question": "Which of the following is an assumption on which the author's argument relies?", "options": ["Assembly of the product produced according to government manufacturing specifications would be more complex than current assembly procedures.", "It would cost more to convert the production lines of the small companies to a new set of manufacturing specifications than it would to convert the production lines of the large companies.", "None of the seven small companies currently manufactures the product to a set of specifications that would match those the government would institute if the industry were to be regulated.", "Industry lobbyists will be unable to dissuade the government from regulating the industry."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3045, "answer": 2, "text": "Because of his contribution to science popularization and science communication, Dr. Zheng Yongchun of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences recently won the Karl Sagan Award from the Planetary Science Branch of the American Astronomical Society, which is gratifying, but in the face of this news, many friends in the scientific community have asked: how are Chinese scientists doing in science popularization? Observation and reflection tell us that China's science popularization work is not doing much, but too little; not doing well, but not enough; not better than, but losing to its counterparts in the world, at least much worse than the developed countries.", "question": "Which of the following options is the author most likely to tell?", "options": ["The reason why the popularization of science in China is less than that in developed countries", "The reality of Science Popularization in China", "The importance of popular science", "Ways to improve the way that Chinese scientists are not keen on popular science"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8423, "answer": 1, "text": "The development of digital economy and the protection of personal information should not be an either-or choice. However, whether it is the rise and fall of traditional industries or the change of economic new business type in recent years, many lessons remind us that development and norms are very easy to take care of one at the expense of the other. Data is the food of the digital economy, and the digital economy is seen as a good opportunity for China's economy to overtake at the corner. However, the conflict between the digital economy and the protection of information data has become increasingly prominent. The absence of basic norms for the protection of personal information, weak and slow implementation of supervision, and frequent platform infringement, if many problems can not be solved as soon as possible, it is bound to drag down the digital economy itself.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to be emphasized in this passage?", "options": ["The development of digital economy in China must first establish a standardized and orderly market.", "It is urgent to protect personal information in accordance with rules and regulations in the era of digital economy.", "The contradiction between the collection of data and the protection of personal rights and interests is difficult to reconcile.", "The rapid development of digital economy inevitably brings the problem of data security."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11879, "answer": 0, "text": "In any field, experience is required for a proficient person to become an expert. Through experience, a proficient person gradually develops a repertory of model situations that allows an immediate, intuitive response to each new situation. This is the hallmark of expertise, and for this reason computerized expert systems cannot be as good as human experts. Although computers have the ability to store millions of bits of information, the knowledge of human experts, who benefit from the experience of thousands of situations, is not stored within their brains in the form of rules and facts.", "question": "The argument requires the assumption of which one of the following?", "options": ["The knowledge of human experts cannot be adequately rendered into the type of information that a computer can store.", "Computers can show no more originality in responding to a situation than that built into them by their designers.", "Future advances in computer technology will not render computers capable of sorting through greater amounts of information.", "Human experts rely heavily on intuition while they are developing a repertory of model situations."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10840, "answer": 0, "text": "M: It is almost impossible to find a person between the ages of 85 and 90 who primarily uses the left hand. Q: Seventy to ninety years ago, however, children were punished for using their left hands to eat or to write and were forced to use their right hands.", "question": "Q's response serves to counter any use by M of the evidence about 85 to 90 year olds in support of which one of the following hypotheses?", "options": ["Being born right-handed confers a survival advantage.", "Forcing a person to switch from a preferred hand is harmless.", "Societal attitudes toward handedness differ at different times.", "Handedness is a product of both genetic predisposition and social pressures."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13029, "answer": 1, "text": "Nutritionists have recommended that people eat more fiber. Advertisements for a new fiber-supplement pill state only that it contains 44 percent fiber. ", "question": "The advertising claim is misleading in its selection of information on which to focus if which one of the following is true?", "options": ["There are other products on the market that are advertised as providing fiber as a dietary supplement.", "The recommended daily intake of fiber is 20 to 30 grams, and the pill contains one-third gram.", "Nutritionists base their recommendation on medical findings that dietary fiber protects against some kinds of cancer.", "The label of the advertised product recommends taking 3 pills every day."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 299, "answer": 2, "text": "The column settings of a literary journal website are usually adjusted at any time based on reader feedback and page views. In September last year, a batch of new columns appeared on the revised website. Among them, 5 columns are serials of comedy and humor, 3 columns are serials of long-form science fiction novels, and 2 columns are literary criticism. As of January this year, only 7 of these newly launched columns are still being updated, 5 of which are serials of comedy and humor.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the followings can be inferred?", "options": ["There is only one column in the category of literary criticism that continues to be updated.", "There is only one column in the category of long-form science fiction novel that continues to be updated.", "At least one column in the category of long-form science fiction novel has been offline.", "Compared with literary criticism, readers prefer serials of comedy and humor."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9411, "answer": 0, "text": "The gold standard rule means that in terms of brand positioning and advertising performance, set up a statement for the brand that can make it better than similar brands, thus reflecting that the brand is superior and superior. The contents of the gold standard rule can be as follows: emphasize leadership and professionalism; highlight the superior quality of products; establish scientific rules of use; highlight the advanced nature of the brand in technology, technology, etc.; spread the egotistical brand value and image and so on.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not apply the gold standard rule?", "options": ["The slogan of a health product is Cranes dance in Changshan, my heart flies!", "The slogan of a meat brand is The world's leading supplier of meat!", "The slogan of a TV brand is The one that doesn't flash is the best!", "The slogan of a real estate is I am the only choice in your life!"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4944, "answer": 1, "text": "Other depository companies: refers to all depository companies except the central bank, which mainly carry out activities such as absorbing deposits, issuing loans and creating deposits. my country calls them deposit currency banks.", "question": "Which of the following options does not belong to other depository companies?", "options": ["City commercial bank", "Insurance company", "Postal Savings and Remittance Bureau", "City Credit Union"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6973, "answer": 0, "text": "The network era is an era of excess information but scarce attention. The essence of the contemporary economy based on the network is attention economy. In this economic form, the most important resource is attention. therefore, how to attract attention on the Internet has become a very important issue. In the network era, it is undoubtedly necessary to emphasize the economic value of attention, but if the moral evaluation and spiritual significance of attracting attention are ignored, it will lead to a lack of humanistic care and minimum respect for attention. so that some people will make use of the convenience and concealment of network means to waste, pollute and trample on other people's attention through false and bad information, which is undoubtedly a serious mental injury.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following is the author's intention?", "options": ["Appeal to the Internet era to make good use of attention and cherish its spiritual and cultural value", "It is emphasized that how to attract attention in the network era is the key to create economic value", "Emphasize that the moral evaluation of attracting attention is ignored in the Internet era", "Calls for strengthening the management of online attention pollution and distortions"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13156, "answer": 3, "text": "Editorial: The threat of harsh punishment for a transgression usually decreases one' s tendency to feel guilt or shame for committing that transgression, and the tendency to feel guilt or shame for committing a transgression reduces a person' s tendency to commit transgressions. Thus, increasing the severity of the legal penalties for transgressions may amplify people' s tendency to ignore the welfare of others.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption required by the editorial's argument?", "options": ["The threat of harsh punishment deters people from committing transgressions only if this threat is at least sometimes carried out.", "Everyone has at least some tendency to feel guilt or shame for committing extremely severe transgressions.", "People who are concerned about threats to their own well-being tend to be less concerned about the welfare of others.", "At least some actions that involve ignoring the welfare of others are transgressions."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13497, "answer": 0, "text": "In Australia, in years with below-average rainfall, less water goes into rivers and more water is extracted from rivers for drinking and irrigation. Consequently, in such years, water levels drop considerably and the rivers flow more slowly. Because algae grow better the more slowly the water in which they are growing moves, such years are generally beneficial to populations of algae. But, by contrast, populations of algae drop in periods of extreme drought.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the contrast?", "options": ["Algae cannot survive in the absence of water.", "The more slowly water moves, the more conducive its temperature is to the growth of algae.", "The larger the population of algae in a body of water, the less sunlight reaches below the surface of the water.", "Algae grow better in ponds and lakes than in rivers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5928, "answer": 2, "text": "The space agency believes that excellent astronauts should have three requirements: first, they must have rich knowledge; second, they must have proficient technology; third, they must have strong will. Existing A, B, C and D Four outstanding pilots signed up for the election. Known: 1.A and B have the same level of willpower 2.B and C have the same level of knowledge 3.C and D are not all knowledgeable 4.Three of the four people are knowledgeable, two of them are strong willed, and one is skilled. The space agency found only one of them meets all the requirements of an excellent astronaut.", "question": "Which of the following options fully meets the requirements of an excellent astronaut?", "options": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13642, "answer": 1, "text": "Broadcaster: Our radio station has a responsibility to serve the public interest. Hence, when our critics contend that our recent expose of events in the private lives of local celebrities was excessively intrusive, we can only reply that the overwhelming public interest in these matters makes it our responsibility to publicize them.", "question": "Which one of the following is a flaw in the broadcaster's defense of the radio station's practice?", "options": ["confusing legal responsibility with moral obligation", "improperly exploiting an ambiguity in the phrase public interest", "intentionally failing to specify what is meant by excessively intrusive", "assuming without argument that there is a right to privacy"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4280, "answer": 0, "text": "On one of the busiest streets in a city, a department store was robbed of a batch of property. After the incident, the local Public Security Bureau arrested three major suspects after investigation. They were A, B and C. Later, after interrogation, the following facts were found out: 1. the criminal escaped with the stolen goods by driving; 2. C will never commit a crime without A; 3. B can't drive; 4. The criminal is one or a group of these three people.", "question": "Which one of the followings can be inferred from above?", "options": ["A was guilty.", "A was innocent.", "B was guilty.", "B was innocent."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11496, "answer": 3, "text": "To be great, an artwork must express a deep emotion, such as sorrow or love. But an artwork cannot express an emotion that the artwork' s creator is incapable of experiencing.", "question": "Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?", "options": ["The greatest art is produced by those who have experienced the deepest emotions.", "An artwork that expresses a deep emotion of its creator is a great artwork.", "Only artworks that succeed in expressing deep emotions are the products of great artists.", "As long as computers are constructed so as to be incapable of experiencing emotions they will not create great artworks."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13455, "answer": 0, "text": "The senator has long held to the general principle that no true work of art is obscene, and thus that there is no conflict between the need to encourage free artistic expression and the need to protect the sensibilities of the public from obscenity. When well-known works generally viewed as obscene are cited as possible counterexamples, the senator justifies accepting the principle by saying that if these works really are obscene then they cannot be works of art.", "question": "The senator's reasoning contains which one of the following errors?", "options": ["It assumes what it seeks to establish.", "It seeks to persuade by emotional rather than intellectual means.", "It contains an implicit contradiction.", "It relies on an assertion of the senator's authority."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13424, "answer": 2, "text": "Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia. The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia. Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?", "options": ["It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.", "Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.", "In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.", "The present-day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11506, "answer": 1, "text": "The rate of health complications of patients on intravenous (IV) therapy at a particular hospital was higher than usual. Government inspectors found that the typical IV solutions used in this hospital had somewhat high concentrations of sodium and potassium, which were raising patients' blood pressure and taxing their kidneys. The government inspectors mandated lowering the sodium and potassium in these IV preparations, and threatened with a possible government fine. In compliance, the hospital lowered the sodium and potassium levels in the IV solutions to the correct levels. Nevertheless, patients on IV therapy at that hospital continued to have a high rate of health complications.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why acting on the government inspectors' recommendations failed to achieve its goal?", "options": ["When sodium and potassium levels in the blood fall below their baseline level, it can damage cells throughout the body by reverse osmosis.", "A high proportion of patients at this hospital are older, and older patients are more vulnerable to infections that can accompany IVs.", "It is typical for a patient's appetite to increase to healthy levels once they have completed a course of IV therapy.", "The change in IV solution procedure meant a number of related legal documents had to be renegotiated and rewritten, at great cost."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5722, "answer": 1, "text": "Truth refers to the correct reflection of objective things and their laws in people's consciousness. Truth can be divided into rational truth and factual truth. Rational truth refers to the truth with universality and inevitability, and its opposite is impossible; Factual truth refers to the truth with contingency, and its opposite is possible.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is rational truth?", "options": ["The moon faints while the wind blows, and the sun faints when it rains", "If A is greater than B and B is greater than C, then A is greater than C", "Kindness can be most effective only if it is given little by little", "If a person violates the law, he will be punished by the law"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2005, "answer": 0, "text": "Scientific exploration is not held up because of a failure or an imperfect link. For example, in order to make scientific use of space, there are no accidents in the process of exploration, but this does not stop human beings from continuing to explore space. The same is true of the use of nuclear energy. Nuclear power plant explosions in history have caused many people in the world to look abrupt when they talk about nuclear power and have a bias against the future peaceful use of nuclear energy. But in fact, the peaceful use of nuclear energy is an important milestone in human progress.", "question": "Which of the following options is mainly introduced in the above words?", "options": ["The use of nuclear energy should not be quit for fear of problems.", "Scientific exploration is by no means always very smooth and unhindered.", "human beings should be cautious in the use and development of nuclear energy.", "Peaceful use of nuclear energy is an important symbol of human civilization."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9962, "answer": 0, "text": "Chili peppers relieve indigestion. People who suffer from indigestion after a spicy meal may be shocked and can't believe it. However, this is the conclusion drawn by Italian experts through experiments. They gave the subjects with indigestion a pill containing chili ingredients before meals, and after five weeks, 60% of the subjects' discomfort symptoms were relieved.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best refute the above experimental conclusions?", "options": ["Capsaicin in chili peppers can block the secretion of a neurotransmitter to some extent", "In this experiment, 5% of the subjects had aggravated their discomfort symptoms", "In another group of subjects who took the pill after meals, 55% of the subjects' discomfort symptoms were relieved", "After paying attention to a healthy diet, people with dyspepsia usually relieve their discomfort within a month"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9802, "answer": 0, "text": "Canadian researchers tracked the weight gain of 757 3-to 4-month-old babies for three years. The results showed that children who were already overweight or even obese at the age of 3 had different intestinal flora from those of normal weight. After a further study of the living environment of the babies tested, the researchers found that the babies who grew up in the families with the highest use of disinfectants contained twice as many helicobacteria in their intestines as the average. Spirillaceae bacteria feed on undigested carbohydrate fiber in the human body, which is broken down to provide the body with extra calories. The increase of this kind of bacteria causes the child to produce too much heat in the body and begin to gain weight at an early age.", "question": "Which of the followings is the main content of this text?", "options": ["It reveals the relationship between household disinfection and infant weight", "It points out that it is necessary to control calorie intake in infants and young children", "It points out that maintaining the normal intestinal flora is of great significance to health", "It shows that carbohydrates are an important source of infancy"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12194, "answer": 2, "text": "For over two centuries, no one had been able to make Damascus blades-blades with a distinctive serpentine surface pattern-but a contemporary sword maker may just have rediscovered how. Using iron with trace impurities that precisely matched those present in the iron used in historic Damascus blades, this contemporary sword maker seems to have finally hit on an intricate process by which he can produce a blade indistinguishable from a true Damascus blade.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the hypothesis that trace impurities in the iron are essential for the production of Damascus blades?", "options": ["The iron with which the contemporary sword maker made Damascus blades came from a source of iron that was unknown two centuries ago.", "Although Damascus blades were renowned for maintaining a sharp edge, the blade made by the contemporary sword maker suggests that they may have maintained their edge less well than blades made using what is now the standard process for making blades.", "Production of Damascus blades by sword makers of the past ceased abruptly after those sword makers' original source of iron became exhausted.", "Almost all the tools used by the contemporary sword maker were updated versions of tools that were used by sword makers over two centuries ago."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13973, "answer": 2, "text": "Recent unexpectedly heavy rainfalls in the metropolitan area have filled the reservoirs and streams; water rationing, ttherefore, will not be necessary this summer.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the author's prediction?", "options": ["Water rationing was imposed in the city in three of the last five years.", "In most years the city receives less total precipitation in the summer than it receives in any other season.", "The water company's capacity to pump water to customers has not kept up with the increased demand created by population growth in the metropolitan area.", "The long-range weather forecast predicts lower-than-average temperatures for this summer."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8968, "answer": 1, "text": "There are seven candidates hired by Haier: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department and three to the sales department. The personnel allocation of these seven employees must meet the following conditions: (1) H and Y must be assigned to the same department. (2) F and G cannot be assigned to the same department. (3) if X is assigned to the sales department, W is assigned to the production department. (4) F must be assigned to the production department.", "question": "Which of the following listed pairs of employees cannot be assigned to the sales department?", "options": ["G and I", "G and X", "G and Y", "H and W"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10659, "answer": 1, "text": "In Yasukawa' s month-long study of blackbirds, the percentage of smaller birds that survived the duration of the study exceeded the percentage of larger birds that survived. However, Yasukawa' s conclusion that size is a determinant of a blackbird' s chances of survival over a month-long period is probably mistaken, since smaller blackbirds are generally younger than larger ones.", "question": "The statements above, if true, support which one of the following inferences?", "options": ["Among the blackbirds that survived the month-long study, there was no relation between size and age.", "Among blackbirds of the same age, a difference in size may not indicate a difference in chances of survival over a month-long period.", "With a larger sample of blackbirds, the percentage of smaller birds that survive a one-month period would be the same as the percentage of larger birds that survive.", "Larger blackbirds of a given age are actually more likely to survive over a one-month period than are smaller blackbirds of the same age."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 810, "answer": 1, "text": "Reckless generalization refers to a logical error of making general conclusions hastily based on only a few cases without accumulating sufficient materials for generalization.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not a rash generalization?", "options": ["It is easy to make money to be a wechat business! A relative of mine started to be a micro business at the beginning of the year, and now he has bought a car.", "In order to make a common choice with 20 million elites, please hurry up and buy our online paid courses.", "My friend said that her philosophy class is difficult, and my philosophy class is also difficult. It can be seen that philosophy classes must be difficult.", "I eat burgers almost every day, but my weight has not changed, so eating burgers will not lead to obesity."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7101, "answer": 0, "text": "The crime of false accusation refers to the serious act of fabricating facts and framing others with the intention of subjecting others to criminal prosecution.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following constitutes the crime of false crime of false accusation?", "options": ["B fabricated the fact wen raped an underage girl and reported it to the judicial department.", "Because of a long-term feud with Ding, A fabricated the fact that D was raising a lover and reported it anonymously. This incident caused D to divorce his wife.", "C fabricated the fact that his colleague Wan had accepted a bribe of 100,000 yuan and printed a large number of leaflets for posting on the streets of the county seat.", "D anonymous report Li to rob others 500,000 yuan. It turned out that Li had only robbed 5,000 yuan."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5795, "answer": 1, "text": "Heroin is sometimes allowed as a painkiller in hospitals to treat critically ill patients. In fact, this should be prohibited. Because, drug traffickers will obtain heroin through this channel, causing serious harm to society.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, will weaken the above argument most?", "options": ["Some painkillers can have the same analgesic effect as heroin", "The amount of heroin used for pain relief is insignificant compared to the amount used for illegal transactions.", "Heroin can be fatal if you use too much", "During the treatment, the use of heroin will not make the patient addicted"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5704, "answer": 2, "text": "Using supercomputer to simulate the universe and combined with a variety of other calculations, the research team proved that in our accelerating universe, the causality network curve describing the large-scale space-time structure is a power function curve with significant clustering characteristics, which is surprisingly similar to many complex networks such as the Internet, social networks, biological networks and so on.", "question": "Which of the followings can be infered:", "options": ["The study of the human brain helps to understand the structure of the universe", "The universe is a brain or a computer", "There is some similarity law in the evolution of complex systems", "The evolution of everything in the universe follows the same law"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6257, "answer": 3, "text": "There are two major problems in China's resource prices. First, resource prices are basically government pricing or government guidance prices, which only reflect the cost of resource development, do not fully cover the cost of environmental damage and production safety, and the resource tax is also very low. More importantly, they do not really reflect the relationship between market supply and demand, the scarcity of resources, resulting in low resource prices. Second, the price comparison relationship between resource products is unreasonable.", "question": "Which of the following best retell the main meaning of this passage?", "options": ["China's resource prices do not truly reflect the relationship between market supply and demand and the degree of resource scarcity.", "The price comparison relationship between China's resource products is unreasonable.", "China's resource prices are basically government fixed prices or government guided prices.", "There are problems of blind pricing and unreasonable price comparison in China's resource prices."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9776, "answer": 2, "text": "During the Han Dynasty, most of the supervisors were recommended by local officials. In order to ensure that the imperial history exercised the power of impeachment without restraint, the Sui and Tang dynasties changed the system in which the official was selected and appointed by the official department since the Northern Wei Dynasty, but the selection of the official department in the Tang Dynasty was actually controlled by the prime minister. In the Song Dynasty, most of the supervisors at the central level were promoted by emperors, while the local supervisors implemented the official self-selection system, which was directly appointed by the central supervisors, and the supervisory power got rid of the control of the prime minister's power. In order to prevent nepotism, there will also be some restrictions on qualifications and avoidance. For example, in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, great scholars were not allowed to serve as imperial magistrates, and in the Song Dynasty, relatives recommended by prime ministers as officials or prime ministers were not allowed to be imperial histories. In the Ming Dynasty, itinerant supervisors should avoid their places of origin, or had served as officials or lived in places.", "question": "Which of the followings is the main content of this text?", "options": ["The procedure of selecting and appointing supervisors in Ancient China", "The difference between ancient supervisors and other official positions", "The inheritance and Reform of the Supervisor system in past dynasties", "The historical origin of the system of withdrawal from the posts of supervisors"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8596, "answer": 2, "text": "The online world is supposed to be very active during this unusual Spring Festival holiday. A sudden epidemic has forced many people to stay at home and pass the time by surfing the Internet. However, although many young people have previously regarded the home life as an ideal state. But when Weibo browsing to the brain pain and chasing the drama to the boredom, people found that this kind of home life is not so full and comfortable. At the same time, there are endless feelings about emptiness and boredom. Can the interaction of the network really alleviate people's loneliness? Through the Internet, we seem to be connected, but in fact we live in our own bubble and fall into a new state of loneliness, such as the anxiety about interpersonal relationships, the vagueness of the transformation of identity online and offline, the tension of a new time and space, and so on.", "question": "Which of the following options is explained above?", "options": ["The online world has become extremely active during this Spring Festival holiday.", "The home life of the Internet is not so full and comfortable.", "The interaction of the Internet can not really alleviate people's loneliness.", "In the Internet, we fall into a new state of loneliness."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12977, "answer": 0, "text": "Among North American school-age children, there is a strong positive correlation between obesity and the amount of television watched. Ttherefore, with the arrival of interactive television, obesity among North American school-age children will increase.", "question": "The argument requires the assumption that", "options": ["North American school-age children will increase their television viewing with the arrival of interactive television", "a sedentary lifestyle is among the most important causes of childhood obesity", "genetics makes no significant contribution to obesity", "obesity among North American school-age children increased as cable television became widely available"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8347, "answer": 2, "text": "The upgrading of connotative consumption refers to the behavior that the individual's material consumption tends to be restrained and spiritual consumption tends to be enriched in the process of consumption transformation.", "question": "Which of the following options belongs to the upgrade of connotative consumption?", "options": ["Some white-collar workers in a high-end office building mostly abandon ostentatious table meals for cost-effective fast food, which they think is not only safe and hygienic, but also saves valuable time.", "Mr. Zhao prefers to travel and will never choose luxury cabins, vehicles or hotels for short trips and overnight transfers before arriving at his destination. After arriving, he was willing to spend money in order to experience the local culture and feel the regional characteristics.", "Xiao Ma used to like to pursue fashion. When he saw the trendy clothes he liked, he bought them without hesitation and often failed to make ends meet. Now she hardly buys any clothes and uses the money saved to play sports and entertainment with her family.", "A book store used to sell only books, but now it also provides space for themed cultural activities for the public. Customers can personally design stationery, customize water cups engraved with their names, and buy decorative knickknacks related to reading themes."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6591, "answer": 3, "text": "In recent years, hot social events have frequently occupied our line of sight, from the incident of tainted milk powder to the incident of dyed steamed bread, which has undoubtedly brought huge psychological burden and mental confusion to the general public. The salt grab incident that once caused a sensation throughout the country is even more an impact on the normal social order. Obviously, these hot social events have a destructive or even devastating impact on people's social life. But the most serious impact is the continuous spread of negative effects caused by these social hot events, which leads to public confusion and unease.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following options is the author's intention?", "options": ["Appeal to effectively restrain the spread of negative effects of social hot events.", "The negative effects of criticizing hot social events confuse the public.", "Reveal the essence of the continuous spread of the negative effects of social hot events.", "Remind people to improve their ability to identify hot social events in a complex and changeable environment."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12350, "answer": 0, "text": "Linguist: Most people can tell whether a sequence of words in their own dialect is grammatical. Yet few people who can do so are able to specify the relevant grammatical rules.", "question": "Which one of the following best illustrates the principle underlying the linguist's statements?", "options": ["Some people are able to tell whether any given piece of music is a waltz. But the majority of these people cannot state the defining characteristics of a waltz.", "Quite a few people know the rules of chess, but only a small number of them can play chess very well.", "Engineers who apply the principles of physics to design buildings and bridges must know a great deal more than do the physicists who discover these principles.", "Some people are able to write cogent and accurate narrative descriptions of events. But these people are not necessarily also capable of composing emotionally moving and satisfying poems."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

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