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{"id": 5453, "answer": 1, "text": "During his three years in office, the mayor has often been accused of sexist attitudes towards women. However, he has appointed five women in 19 senior positions in his management, and all of them are still in service, which shows that the mayor is not a sexist.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most refutes the above conclusion?", "options": ["A woman in a senior position appointed by the mayor is preparing to resign.", "The platform of the mayor's party requires him to appoint at least five women in senior positions.", "In the mayoral election three years ago, 47% of women voted for the mayor.", "The mayors of neighboring cities recently appointed seven women to senior positions."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5711, "answer": 0, "text": "Orange juice has orange juice in many potential positive roles, especially because it contains flavonoid antioxidants such as hesperidin and naringin. Research evidence has shown that orange juice can reduce the risk of leukemia in children and help prevent breast cancer, liver cancer and colon cancer. According to the findings, the biological effects of orange juice are largely affected by its components. The change of its composition depends on climate, soil, fruit maturity and storage method after picking.", "question": "Which of the followings can be infered:", "options": ["Not all orange juice has the same anti-cancer effect", "Excessive consumption of orange juice can have adverse effects on your health", "Compared with healthy children, children with leukemia drink less orange juice", "Grown in good climate and soil conditions, mature oranges stored away from light are the most effective"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12310, "answer": 2, "text": "Jewel collectors, fearing that their eyes will be deceived by a counterfeit, will not buy a diamond unless the dealer guarantees that it is genuine. But why should a counterfeit give any less aesthetic pleasure when the naked eye cannot distinguish it from a real diamond? Both jewels should be deemed of equal value.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument above?", "options": ["The value of a jewel should depend at least partly on market demand.", "Jewel collectors should not buy counterfeit jewels unless they are unable to distinguish counterfeit jewels from real ones.", "The value of a jewel should derive solely from the aesthetic pleasure it provides.", "It should not be assumed that everyone who likes diamonds receives the same degree of aesthetic pleasure from them."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3435, "answer": 3, "text": "Dynamic stereotypy refers to a temporary contact system established under the condition of a fixed program. In this system, each conditional spike is presented in strict sequence and time to obtain the exact and constant effect of each stimulus. The final effect is to establish a dynamic stereotypy in the activities of the cerebral cortex.", "question": "Which of the followings does not accord with this theory?", "options": ["Table tennis players ensure the stability of land ball through practice", "In the process of pupils learning to write, the teacher constantly corrected their posture", "Basketball stars practice shooting more than a thousand times a day", "Zoo keepers whistle every time before feeding animals"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8002, "answer": 3, "text": "Why are some leaders unwilling to assume the coach role in the management process? Why are many leaders reluctant to spend time and ask to teach others?On the one hand, it takes a lot of time to coach employees, and the leader's time is the most precious resource. Another reason is that whether the coaching of subordinates can achieve the expected results is a difficult thing to say. Because there are a lot of knowledge and methods that are only to be understood. Not to be said. From a deeper level, the role of coaching requires leaders to have the qualities of psychologists and educators, which is also difficult for ordinary people.", "question": "Which of the following is most suitable for the title of this paragraph?", "options": ["Is inefficiency the fault of the leader?", "Team consciousness needs to be strengthened.", "How can we ignore staff training?", "It's easy to be a leader, but difficult to be a coach."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11545, "answer": 1, "text": "Although it is unwise to take a developmental view of an art like music -- as if Beethoven were an advance over Josquin, or Miles Davis an advance over Louis Armstrong -- there are ways in which it makes sense to talk about musical knowledge growing over time. We certainly know more about certain sounds than was known five centuries ago; that is, we understand how sounds that earlier composers avoided can be used effectively in musical compositions. For example, we now know how the interval of the third, which is considered dissonant, can be used in compositions to create consonant musical phrases.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the argument?", "options": ["Sounds that were once considered dissonant are more pleasing to modern listeners.", "Our understanding of music can improve over the course of time.", "It is unwise to say that one composer is better than another.", "Sounds that were never used in past musical compositions are used today."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12203, "answer": 0, "text": "In order to reduce traffic congestion and raise revenue for the city, the mayor plans to implement a charge of $10 per day for driving in the downtown area. Payment of this charge will be enforced using a highly sophisticated system that employs digital cameras and computerized automobile registration. This system will not be ready until the end of next year. Without this system, however, mass evasion of the charge will result. Ttherefore, when the mayor' s plan is first implemented, payment of the charge will not be effectively enforced.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends for its conclusion to be properly drawn?", "options": ["The mayor's plan to charge for driving downtown will be implemented before the end of next year.", "A daily charge for driving downtown is the most effective way to reduce traffic congestion.", "The plan to charge for driving downtown should be implemented as soon as payment of the charge can be effectively enforced.", "Raising revenue is a more important consideration for the city than is reducing traffic congestion."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1470, "answer": 3, "text": "As a living individual, man is not only a natural person but also a social person. The society will vigorously promote moral life, waging a love life of the campaign, the formation of cherish the good habit in life: to launch the social from all walks of life forces involved in the moral education of life: network, film, television, newspapers and other social media must strengthen the positive guidance, to reduce negative suggestion and mislead the youth, and the school, family, social trinity, combined together, to promote green Young appreciate the beauty of life, cherish the existence of life, respect the right of life.", "question": "Which of the following is the central meaning of a word?", "options": ["It is urgent to carry out life moral education", "Young people should cherish life", "We should strengthen the life moral education of teenagers", "Life moral construction needs the joint efforts of family, school and society"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2032, "answer": 1, "text": "Biomass energy is a kind of new energy. However, because its utilization is limited by land resources and other aspects, the development prospect is not very broad.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main argument supported by this paragraph, that is, biomass energy?", "options": ["It's a new source of energy.", "Its utilization is limited.", "The prospect of development is not broad.", "The utilization area is very narrow."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1758, "answer": 0, "text": "Pre-qin schools of thought and their exponents, Confucianism and Taoism are the two largest, and the Confucianism and Taoism are the two main lines of Chinese traditional culture. The analects of Confucius, Lao zi, respectively, is a major representative of Confucian and Taoist thought, the Confucian and Taoist thought source caught, it is easier to grasp the context of Chinese traditional culture, also can avoid the unilateral understanding of Chinese traditional culture, It is easy to compare Confucianism and Taoism.", "question": "Which of the following is the main idea of the text?", "options": ["To carry forward traditional Chinese culture, we must first understand the Analects of Confucius and Laozi.", "The Analects of Confucius and Laozi have exerted extensive and far-reaching influence on Chinese politics", "In traditional Chinese culture, the most classic original works are the Analects of Confucius and Laozi.", "Mastering the Analects of Confucius and Laozi will lay a good foundation for spreading Chinese culture"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3151, "answer": 1, "text": "Administrative act: refers to the act of state administrative organs and their staff in exercising administrative rights and producing legal consequences in order to achieve the purpose of State Administration,", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following acts is administrative act:", "options": ["A high-performance computer purchased by a municipal tax bureau is used to improve the level of tax management", "In order to search for a fugitive, a public security officer forcibly searched the prisoner's private house without a certificate", "A county Consumer Association helps farmers claim compensation from operators who sell fake seeds", "A Education Bureau held a symposium for students' parents on the management of arbitrary charges in primary and secondary schools"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3818, "answer": 0, "text": "Murphy's Law: If something is likely to go bad, this possibility will become a reality; its scope of application is very wide, and it reveals a unique social and natural phenomenon.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to Murphy's Law?", "options": ["The weather forecast is obviously rainy, but the umbrella you can bring is not in handy", "It is difficult to find pairs of socks in drawers that are not placed in pairs", "When queuing to buy tickets, the line next to you always progresses faster than your line", "When the fire broke out, a collapsed floor caused the entire building to collapse"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14259, "answer": 1, "text": "One feature of the global food economy is the simultaneous import and export of the same items, a phenomenon known as redundant trade. In California, for example, domestic cherries are exported to Canada and Japan, while a nearly equivalent number of cherries are imported from Chile, Italy, and Germany. California also exports and imports nearly identical amounts of lettuce and almonds. Although shipping fresh fruits and vegetables is an expensive undertaking, there is a justifiable economic rationale for redundant trade.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the conclusion above?", "options": ["Undertaking free trade with one's political allies helps to maintain international goodwill.", "Establishing international ties through trade facilitates access to other desired goods that are more efficiently produced abroad.", "The economic globalization of redundant trade allows for the sharing of cultural norms and values.", "In recent years, consumers in California boycotted domestic cherries, demanding better working conditions for agricultural laborers in the state."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8468, "answer": 2, "text": "The fallacy of segmentation is based on the fact that the whole has a certain property, and it is inferred that some or all of the individuals also have this property.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is the fallacy of segmentation?", "options": ["The defendant in this case is very rich because he drives a luxury sports car when he goes out.", "There are robberies all over the city. I just read three in the City Evening News.", "This football team is the strongest football team this season, and there is no doubt that its goalkeeper is also the strongest.", "Every musician in this symphony orchestra is very good, so this symphony orchestra is very good."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14439, "answer": 0, "text": "For Juanita to get to the zoo she must take either the number 12 bus or else the subway. Everyone knows that the number 12 bus is not running this week; so although Juanita generally avoids using the subway, she must have used it today, since she was seen at the zoo this afternoon.", "question": "The method of the argument is to", "options": ["show that something is the case by ruling out the only alternative", "substitute a claim about what invariably occurs for a claim about what typically occurs", "demonstrate that certain possibilities are not exclusive", "assert that if something is true, it will be known to be true"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9082, "answer": 3, "text": "People with depression have a strong suicidal tendency, and many people think that depression is a mental illness. In the middle of the 20th century, medical research found that the concentration of three neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine) in the brain of depressed suicides is lower than that of normal people. Medical scientists speculate that it is the imbalance in the concentration of these three neurotransmitters that leads to depression.", "question": "If which of the following statements is true, it will give the above medical scientists the strongest support for their conclusions?", "options": ["Depression is not only a psychological disease, but also an organic disease", "It may be that depression causes the concentration imbalance of the above three neurotransmitters in the brain", "Women and the elderly are at high risk of depression", "The drugs developed to maintain the concentration balance of the above three neurotransmitters are effective in the treatment of depression"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 435, "answer": 3, "text": "Policy losses refer to the losses incurred by enterprises due to national price restrictions and other reasons in the process of realizing the social public welfare service objectives stipulated by the government and producing and operating certain commodities in order to ensure the coordinated development of the national economy and the stability of people's life. Such losses shall be reasonably compensated after being reviewed by the financial department.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is a policy loss?", "options": ["In 2012, the direct subsidy for a grain increased to 120 yuan per mu, and the subsidy funds will be distributed to grain farmers through the one copy of provincial financial agriculture related subsidies to make up for the increased grain planting costs of farmers.", "The state issued the policy of raising the minimum purchase protection price of wheat. In order to explore the market, a grain and oil enterprise snapped up a large number of wheat and sold a large amount of flour below the market price, resulting in losses.", "In order to achieve the goal of agricultural modernization, the government has increased the capital investment in the transformation of agricultural production. Under this situation, an agricultural machinery enterprise expanded its production scale, resulting in losses and received tax rebate compensation.", "In the process of operating the parity grain and oil stipulated by the government, the grain purchase and sales enterprise in a county suffered losses due to the high national grain protection price but the low sales price of finished grain and oil products, and the financial department gave quota subsidies."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1080, "answer": 1, "text": "Some people think that yixiang is a translation of English image and associate it with British and American Imagist Poetry in the early 20th century. In fact, image is an inherent concept and word in ancient Chinese literary theory, not a foreign thing.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best prove the originality of yixiang in China?", "options": ["The image advocated by the British and American Imagists refers to various specific, distinct and perceptible poetic images composed of imagination, fantasy and metaphor, which is different from the meaning of yixiang in China.", "Many British and American Imagist poets who advocated hiding all their emotions behind images and implied them through images were actually deeply influenced by ancient Chinese poetry.", "The birth of ancient Chinese poetry is far earlier than that of British and American poetry. The legendary stories in ancient China are the inspiration of many British and American Imagist poets.", "Image is mentioned in works such as Wen Xin Diao Long in the Southern Dynasty. It has no definite meaning and consistent usage. Some refer to the image in the meaning, some refer to the meaning and image, and some are close to the artistic image mentioned today."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14345, "answer": 1, "text": "Analyst: The increasing complexity of computers may lead those who pursue a career in computer programming to think that job security and higher wages can be attained by becoming more specialized as the field becomes more complex. Even though specialists earn higher wages than generalists within computer programming, this move is ill-advised because one risks specializing in a technology that will become obsolete. Consider the plight of people who used to repair eight-track tape players.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the analyst's argument?", "options": ["The technological complexity of computers may eventually grow less rapidly than at present.", "The current technological knowledge of most specialists within computer programming could also be applied to many technologies that will replace present ones.", "Many other careers will soon offer greater job security and higher wages than computer programming.", "The average wages earned by generalists within computer programming will never be as high as the average wages earned by specialists within computer programming."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10663, "answer": 3, "text": "A science class stored one selection of various fruits at 30 degrees Celsius, a similar selection in similar conditions at 20 degrees, and another similar selection in similar conditions at 10 degrees. Because the fruits stored at 20 degrees stayed fresh longer than those stored at 30 degrees, and those stored at 10 degrees stayed fresh longest, the class concluded that the cooler the temperature at which these varieties of fruits are stored, the longer they will stay fresh.", "question": "The class's reasoning is flawed in that the class", "options": ["neglected to offer any explanation for the results it discovered", "assumed without proof that its thermometer was reliable", "generalized too readily from the fruits it tested to fruits it did not test", "too readily extrapolated from a narrow range of temperatures to the entire range of temperatures"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9854, "answer": 3, "text": "Sonic boom is that when the aircraft breaks through the sound barrier, due to the compression of the air can not spread rapidly, it will gradually form a shock surface. The highly concentrated acoustic energy on the shock surface causes a loud sound, which makes people feel a short and extremely strong explosion. Sonic boom occur only when they break through the sound barrier, that is, flying at supersonic speeds. The sonic booms cloud is a conical cloud with the aircraft as the central axis and spreads uniformly from the front of the wing to all sides. It is mainly due to the fact that the velocity of the air flow is faster than the conduction speed of the air when breaking through the speed of sound, which can not effectively pull down the airflow, resulting in a decrease in density, a decrease in air pressure, and water vapor condensing into tiny water droplets, which looks like a cloud-like state to the naked eye. Sonic boom cloud often appear in transonic flights, but not only in transonic flights.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["When a sonic boom is produced, there will be a sonic boom cloud.", "The appearance of sonic boom cloud marks the generation of sonic boom.", "The appearance of the sonic boom cloud indicates that the sound barrier has been broken", "Supersonic flight when sonic boom occurs"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8336, "answer": 0, "text": "At present, the use of electronic products has become a major trend. Many children and adolescents are used to learning and entertaining on the Internet, and it is more difficult to prevent and control myopia. To protect the eye health of children and adolescents, we should change the concept of emphasizing treatment and neglecting prevention. To achieve early detection and early intervention, we should adhere to the prevention and control strategy of coordinated medical treatment and prevention, and carry out visual health services covering the whole life cycle. Myopia of children and adolescents is a public health problem. We must start with health education, take public health services as the starting point, cultivate the independent health behavior of children, adolescents and parents, and actively promote popular science knowledge to prevent the visual health of myopia in children and adolescents.", "question": "Which of the following options for protecting the eye health of children and adolescents is not covered in the article?", "options": ["Limit the online learning time of students on campus.", "Emphasis on prevention and treatment, early detection and early intervention.", "Adhere to the normal visual health service for a long time.", "Vigorously publicize the popular science knowledge of eyesight health"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2854, "answer": 2, "text": "A studio will screen 14 films during the week-long National Day holiday (Monday to Sunday), including five science fiction, three police and gangster films, three martial arts films, two war films and one romance. Given the conditions, the studio shows two movies a day. (1) Except for science fiction on Thursday, two films will be shown on each of the other six days in different genres; (2) The romance will be on Sunday; (3) Science fiction and martial arts films are not scheduled on the same day; (4) Police and war films are not scheduled on the same day.", "question": "Based on the above information, which of the following movies can be shown on Saturdays on consecutive dates?", "options": ["Science fiction and gangster movies.", "Martial arts movies and gangster movies.", "Science fiction and war movies.", "Science fiction and martial arts."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7165, "answer": 2, "text": "An economist said that the market economy is an open economy. China's unremitting efforts to enter the WTO are fundamentally an inevitable choice caused by domestic market-oriented reform. The solution of many problems in China depends on external forces. From a deeper and broader perspective, the WTO is the last important international organization China has joined. This is the last major diplomatic action for China to stand on its own in the forest of nations in the world, and it is also a significant sign and strong signal of its full return to the international stage. Therefore, it has been pointed out that the political significance of China's accession to the WTO is greater than the economic significance.", "question": "Based on the above, which of the following conclusions cannot be drawn?", "options": ["After joining the WTO, China has fully returned to the international stage.", "After joining the WTO, China has joined all important international organizations.", "After China's entry into WTO, China's political development will be faster than its economic development.", "Without domestic market-oriented reform, it is difficult for China to achieve the results of China's entry into WTO."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5334, "answer": 2, "text": "Property rights refer to the subject's exclusive rights to things, and its essence is people's rights to the fruits of labor that occur in society.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is not property rights?", "options": ["Ownership, possession right.", "Right to profit, right to transfer.", "Right to labor choice, right to labor exchange and assignment.", "Dominance, right to use."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10284, "answer": 0, "text": "For those who want to keep fit, the effect of alternating multiple physical exercises is better than that of a single project.A single project of exercise makes a small number of muscles developed, while the alternating multiple physical exercises can develop the body's muscle group in an all-round way, and the latter consumes more calories than the former.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, most advantageously reinforces the above argument?", "options": ["In healthy people, the increase in health is directly proportional to the consumption of calories.", "Fitness through athletic training is the most effective.", "Those who have just recovered from a serious illness are not suitable for intense single physical exercise.", "It is much more difficult to fully develop the muscle group of the human body than to promote the development of a small number of muscles."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12854, "answer": 0, "text": "The calm, shallow waters of coastal estuaries are easily polluted by nutrient-rich sewage. When estuary waters become overnutrified as a result, algae proliferate. The abundant algae, in turn, sometimes provide a rich food source for microorganisms that are toxic to fish, thereby killing most of the fish in the estuary.", "question": "Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the information above?", "options": ["Overnutrifying estuary waters by sewage can result in the death of most of the fish in the estuary.", "In estuary waters that contain abundant algae, microorganisms that are toxic to fish reproduce more quickly than other types of microorganisms.", "Fish in an estuary that has been polluted by sewage are generally more likely to die from pollution than are fish in an estuary that has been polluted in some other way.", "Nutrients and other components of sewage do not harm fish in coastal estuaries in any way other than through the resulting proliferation of toxic microorganisms."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5316, "answer": 3, "text": "The development and utilization of limited natural resources, the allocation of public resources, and the market access of specific industries directly related to public interests can establish administrative licenses. Administrative agencies shall make decisions on these matters through fair competition such as bidding and auctions. Where laws and administrative regulations have other provisions, follow those provisions. Based on this provision, the use and allocation of a large number of limited public resources in society can set administrative licenses. And licenses in this field are franchises.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to administrative franchise?", "options": ["The auction of taxi licenses using market-based auctions and bidding methods", "The auction of urban outdoor advertising facilities", "The driving permit and business permit which are required to obtain the approval by the administrative authority", "Tobacco monopoly license and production license of narcotic drugs"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1351, "answer": 1, "text": "Gas is needed for star formation. In clusters, clusters have long been considered unable to form new stars because large amounts of gas are dissipated in the early stages of cluster formation. Only collisions or coalescence between stars are possible to replenish burning material for older stars. Make them look younger than other stars. Stars formed by collision or merging are called blue discrete stars, and their names come from the evolution process that is quite different from that of most stars, which makes them dissociate from the evolution trajectory predicted by theory. Using the observed data, a research team studied the blue discrete stars in the young cluster NGC.2173 and observed an unusual group of blue discrete stars in this young cluster for the first time. It was found that the cluster contained blue discrete stars formed by sudden outbursts.", "question": "Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?", "options": ["The formation of stars requires gas", "There are unusual blue discrete stars in the cluster", "Blue discrete stars are outside the evolution trajectory predicted by theory", "Stars formed by collision or merging are called blue discrete stars"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 204, "answer": 1, "text": "A certain unit has recruited 30 new employees this year. 1. Some of the newly recruited employees are from other regions; 2. Among the newly recruited employees, the one with the highest degree is not an outlander; 3. Some of the newly recruited employees are not from other regions.", "question": "If only one of the above three judgments is true, which of the followings correctly represents the number of outlanders among the newly recruited employees of the unit.", "options": ["Only 1 person is a outlander.", "30 employees are all outlanders.", "All 30 employees are not outlanders.", "Only 1 person is not a outlander."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10821, "answer": 2, "text": "Smith' s new grazing land consists entirely of fescue grass. Half of the grass contains a species of fungus that makes cows ill when they eat it. Smith' s cows will most likely learn to graze exclusively on the grass that does not contain the fungus, since, like many other animals, cows will avoid eating a patch of grass if they sense a substance in it that has made them ill.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?", "options": ["The cows are the only animals grazing on the new land who become ill after eating the fungus contained in the fescue grass.", "At least one other species of fungus is contained in the fescue grass that does not contain the fungus that makes cows ill.", "At least some cows that have been made ill by the fungus are capable of sensing the fungus in fescue grass.", "The fungus that is contained in the fescue grass cannot be eradicated without destroying the grass itself."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7403, "answer": 1, "text": "If there is no problem with the program design, then either the hardware is faulty or the input is incorrect; however, the input is actually correct.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["There is a problem with the program design", "If the hardware is not faulty, then there is a problem with the program design", "No problem with program design", "If the hardware is faulty, there is no problem with the program design"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3120, "answer": 1, "text": "Technology diffusion is the application and promotion of innovative technology in other economic fields and in a wider geographical space. From a geographical point of view, technology diffusion is the flow and transfer of technology in space, which is composed of suppliers, receivers and transmission channels of new technology.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following belongs to technology diffusion?", "options": ["Several pharmaceutical factories in a province use the same long recognized formula to produce a drug.", "City A has developed its own characteristic industries by learning from the innovative industrial technology of city B.", "The production creativity of a company is applied to its own artistic creation by a foreign artist.", "The employees of the R&D Department of a company disclosed the core secrets of R&D to the competitors of the company."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3547, "answer": 1, "text": "Social public interest: refers to the benefits that all members of society can directly enjoy.", "question": "Which of the following does not belong to safeguarding social and public interests?", "options": ["In order to create a good investment environment, a city decided to invest a huge amount of money to build an inter-provincial expressway and a Yangtze River bridge. The preliminary demolition and resettlement work has been completed", "A local government transfers the land of the old residents to the developer, and the developer develops a high-end residence on this land for sale", "Relevant departments pointed out: Beijing's Xiushui Market has major safety hazards, which is not conducive to the development of the city and hinders the urban landscape. In order to ensure the safety of people and property, it is necessary to implement withdrawal from the market", "A certain ferry has been in serious safety hazards due to heavy winds and waves and has been in disrepair for a long time. A farmer entrepreneur donated 100,000 yuan to rebuild the ferry after knowing it"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5833, "answer": 1, "text": "Chinese car manufacturers are developing smart cars.The direct cause is the rising price of gasoline.Due to the continuous improvement of consumers' awareness of energy conservation, the development of energy-saving cars requires a lot of investment.China's FAW Group will spend 13 billion yuan on development of its own-brand cars, mainly energy-efficient cars, by 2015, while Shanghai Automotive Group plans to spend 21.4 billion yuan by 2012.The money will be used to develop energy-saving technologies for new cars and develop energy-efficient vehicles to compete.This is expected to speed up the restructuring of China's auto industry, improving the chaos of small and large enterprises.", "question": "Which of the following is the most likely reason for Chinese car manufacturers to invest in energy-efficient cars?", "options": ["The energy-efficient cars are not yet popular in China.", "The energy-efficient cars have huge market prospects.", "Developing an energy-efficient car requires a huge investment.", "Energy--efficient car is the development trend of automobile industry."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2455, "answer": 3, "text": "At the end of the Second World War, women of childbearing age in a country reached the lowest point. In the mid-1950s, 10 years after the end of the Second World War, the average family had 4.5 children. Ten years ago, the number of women of childbearing age in the country reached an all-time high. At present, the average family has only 1.82 children.", "question": "Which of the followings can be drawn from the above?", "options": ["War is related to fertility.", "War has nothing to do with fertility.", "The number of women of childbearing age has nothing to do with fertility.", "The fertility rate is not proportional to the number of women of childbearing age."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8311, "answer": 2, "text": "It is generally believed that the eruption of the Toba volcano more than 70,000 years ago caused the cooling of the global climate and the deterioration of the environment, and eventually led to the extinction of human beings outside tropical Africa. A recent genetic study of living populations suggests that between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago, there was a process in which Africans replaced populations in other regions, and the complete substitution hypothesis holds true about the origin of modern humans. That is, Africans are the direct ancestors of people in other regions.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, would most question the above researchers' arguments?", "options": ["After the eruption of the Toba volcano, there is still human activity outside tropical Africa.", "The eruption of the Toba volcano only had a devastating effect on the nearby area in a short period of time.", "From 100000 to 40, 000 years ago, the chain of human evolution in East Asia has never been interrupted.", "Neanderthals became extinct between 20,000 and 30,000 years ago, but existing Homo sapiens still retain their genes."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5230, "answer": 1, "text": "Joint ownership means that two or more co-owners have the same rights and assume the same responsibilities and obligations for the same property.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings can be considered as joint ownership?", "options": ["Before he died, a millionaire made a will which stated that all his savings and property were divided equally between his two sons, each of whom would inherit half of the property", "According to regulations, each dormitory of a university should have six people, but due to the number of people, there are only three people in the last dormitory. In the end, each dormitory was equipped with a drinking fountain, and the three-person dormitory also installed one", "A venture capitalist invests in a developing small company and stated that the company will implement a shareholding system in the future, and the chairman of the company owns 30% of the shares, and the venture capitalist owns 70% of the shares", "The two men partnered to start a company, one in charge of operation and the other in charge of development, but they made it clear in writing before the partnership that they jointly owned the company, but in the event of bankruptcy and debt, the developer is not responsible for paying the debt"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13724, "answer": 3, "text": "A study of ticket sales at a summer theater festival found that people who bought tickets to individual plays had a no-show rate of less than 1 percent, while those who paid in advance for all ten plays being performed that summer had a no-show rate of nearly 30 percent. This may be at least in part because the greater the awareness customers retain about the cost of an item, the more likely they are to use it.", "question": "Which of the following would, if true, best serve as an alternative explanation of the results of the study?", "options": ["The price per ticket was slightly cheaper for those who bought all ten tickets in advance.", "Those who attended all ten plays became eligible for a partial refund.", "People who arrived just before the performance began could not be assured of obtaining seats in a preferred location.", "Usually, people who bought tickets to individual plays did so immediately prior to each performance that they attended."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13827, "answer": 1, "text": "Letter to the editor: You say that if the government were to confiscate a portion of the wages of convicted burglars when they reenter the workforce, it would be a form of stealing, hence an abuse of power. Yet under the proposal now being considered, the government would confiscate such wages in order to fund an account to compensate burglary victims. So even if confiscating a portion of burglars' wages were a form of stealing, it would still be justified.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to support the argument in the letter to the editor?", "options": ["Burglars are obligated to provide compensation to the same individuals they victimized.", "The motive prompting an action determines whether or not that action is justified.", "A crime is justified only if it is a means of compensating people who deserve compensation.", "Money stolen from a burglar should be given to that burglar's victims."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11262, "answer": 0, "text": "A two-year study beginning in 1977 found that, among 85-year-old people, those whose immune systems were weakest were twice as likely to die within two years as others in the study. The cause of their deaths, however, was more often heart disease, against which the immune system does not protect, than cancer or infections, which are attacked by the immune system.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would offer the best prospects for explaining deaths in which weakness of the immune system, though present, played no causal role?", "options": ["Some of the drugs that had been used to treat the symptoms of heart disease had a side effect of weakening the immune system.", "Those in the study who survived into the 1980s had, in 1976, strengthened their immune systems through drug therapy.", "Most of those in the study who survived beyond the two-year period had recovered from a serious infection sometime prior to 1978.", "There were twice as many infections among those in the study with the weakest immune systems as among those with the strongest immune systems."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12502, "answer": 2, "text": "When a group is unable to reach a consensus, group members are often accused of being stubborn, bull-headed, or unyielding. Such epithets often seem abusive, are difficult to prove, and rarely help the group reach a resolution. Those who wish to make such an accusation stick, however, should choose unyielding, because one can always appeal to the fact that the accused has not yielded; obviously if one acknowledges that a person has not yielded, then one cannot deny that the person is unyielding, at least on this issue.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately describes the argumentative technique employed above?", "options": ["conditionally advocating a tactic on the grounds that it results in an accusation that is less offensive than the alternatives", "conditionally advocating a tactic on the grounds that it results in an argument that would help the group to reach a consensus on the issue in question", "conditionally advocating a tactic on the grounds that it results in an argument for which one could not consistently accept the premise but deny the conclusion", "rejecting a tactic on the grounds that it constitutes an attack on the character of a person and has no substance in fact"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6436, "answer": 3, "text": "A wise choice is better than blind persistence. The ancients said that meeting a bad thing may be a good thing on the other hand. Choice is the wisdom and foresight to act according to your ability; to give up is the decisiveness and courage to take into account the overall situation. Everyone is the only director of his own life, only those who learn to choose and give up can fully understand life, laugh at life, and have a broad realm of life.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following is incorrect?", "options": ["Everyone should learn to choose and give up at the right time", "For some people, it is not easy to learn to choose and give up", "People who learn to choose and give up are more likely to achieve an ideal state of life than those who cling blindly", "Life is a play, so give up when you should, don't be too persistent"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10875, "answer": 1, "text": "First legislator: Medical research is predominantly done on groups of patients that include only men. For example, the effects of coffee drinking on health are evaluated only for men, and studies are lacking on hormone treatments for older women. Government-sponsored medical research should be required to include studies of women. Second legislator: Considerations of male / female balance such as this are inappropriate with respect to research; they have no place in science.", "question": "Which one of the following rejoinders, if true, most directly counters the second legislator's objection?", "options": ["Serving as a subject for medical research can provide a patient access to new treatments but also can subject the patient to risks.", "Restriction to males of the patient base on which data are collected results in inadequate science.", "Government-sponsored medical research is often done in military hospitals or prisons that hold only male residents.", "The training of male and female scientists does not differ according to their sex."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 64, "answer": 2, "text": "Modern Western Aesthetics, instead of applying the traditional philosophical methods in the past, it moves towards psychological aesthetics and scientific aesthetics. Psychological aesthetics uses scientific methods to study human aesthetic psychology, focusing on the subject; scientific aesthetics uses scientific methods to analyze the structure and function of aesthetic objects, focusing on the object. But no matter which method is adopted, they think that endless philosophical and speculative discussions on the essence of beauty (the definition of beauty) are meaningless.", "question": "It can be seen from this.", "options": [" Modern Western aesthetics believes that the philosophical thinking of traditional aesthetics is meaningless and the methods are not scientific", " Psychological aesthetics studies the aesthetic psychology of people, focusing on the study of the subject and content of aesthetic", " Scientific aesthetics focuses on the study of aesthetic objects, that is, scientific analysis of the structure and function of aesthetic objects", " The philosophical discussion on the essence of beauty should be discarded"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 192, "answer": 0, "text": "Wireless charging, also known as non-contact induction charging, uses the principle of magnetic field resonance to transfer energy from the power supply device (charger) to the device that uses electricity. There is no wire connection between the two devices.", "question": "Which of the followings about chargers and electrical devices is correct?", "options": ["Compared with wireless charging, the energy conversion of wired charging is obtained at one time, with little power loss, which saves energy and protects environment.", "Wireless charging devices can significantly reduce wear and tear.", "The high technical requirements and high price of wireless charging are the main reasons why it cannot be popularized at this stage.", "The longer the wireless transmission distance, the greater the loss of useless power."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3539, "answer": 2, "text": "Water tourism is a short-term experience with social, leisure and consumption attributes that people go to water and surrounding areas for the main purpose of seeking pleasure. It has gradually become an important carrier for people's leisure fashion and regional tourism development. Water tourism resources refer to waters (Body of Water) and related shores, islands, forests, grasses, buildings and other natural and cultural landscapes that are attractive to people.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options are not water tourism resources?", "options": ["On both sides of the Jiuqu River in Wuyi Mountain, you can see inscriptions by literati and inscriptions of the past dynasties", "On the street on the banks of the Qinhuai River, there is a Jiangnan Gongyuan built in the Ming Dynasty", "A forest park has a release pond that stocks thousands of koi carps", "A certain building stands on the bank of the Yangtze River and becomes a background for tourists to take pictures"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13798, "answer": 2, "text": "Florist: Some people like to have green carnations on St. Patrick' s Day. But flowers that are naturally green are extremely rare. Thus, it is very difficult for plant breeders to produce green carnations. Before St. Patrick' s Day, then, it is wise for florists to stock up on white carnations, which are fairly inexpensive and quite easy to dye green.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion of the florist's argument?", "options": ["White carnations are fairly inexpensive and can easily be dyed green.", "There are some people who like to have green carnations on St. Patrick's Day.", "It is a good idea for florists to stock up on white carnations before St. Patrick's Day.", "It is very difficult to breed green carnations."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12779, "answer": 3, "text": "Employee: My boss says that my presentation to our accounting team should have included more detail about profit projections. But people' s attention tends to wander when they are presented with too much detail. So, clearly my boss is incorrect.", "question": "The reasoning in the employee's argument is flawed because the argument", "options": ["infers a generalization based only on a single case", "fails to consider that an audience's attention might wander for reasons other than being presented with too much detail", "confuses two distinct meanings of the key term detail", "fails to distinguish between more of something and too much of it"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2147, "answer": 2, "text": "Water tourism is a short-term experience with social, leisure and consumption attributes that people go to the water body and surrounding areas for the main purpose of seeking pleasure. At present, it has gradually become an important carrier of people's leisure fashion and regional tourism development. Water tourism resources refer to the natural landscape and cultural landscape which are attractive to people, such as water area (water body) and associated shore land, island, forest and grass, architecture and so on.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not a water tourism resource?", "options": ["Inscriptions by literati of all ages can be seen everywhere on both sides of Jiuqu Creek in Wuyi Mountain", "On the street on the bank of the Qinhuai River, there is a Jiangnan tribute Court built in the Ming Dynasty", "There is a release pool with thousands of koi in a forest park", "A building stands on the bank of the Yangtze River and becomes the background for tourists to take photos"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3612, "answer": 1, "text": "A bag of incense money was lost in the monastery. The abbot found three young monks, A, B and C, to inquire. The three men stated one by one, and A said, I didn't steal it. B said, A stole it. C said, I didn't steal it. D, who was on the side, learned the truth and commented, only one of you stole it, and only one of you was right.", "question": "Which one of them stole the incense money?", "options": ["B", "C", "None of them stole it", "A"], "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8921, "answer": 2, "text": "In an electoral society, every politician has to pander to the voters in order to get elected. Cheng Bian was a super politician who wanted to be elected. So he will try his best to pander to voters. In many cases, you can't pander to voters without writing a lot of lip service. In fact, Cheng Bian was elected.", "question": "Which of the following conclusions can best be deduced from the question?", "options": ["Mr Cheng must have made a lot of empty promises to voters.", "Mr Cheng certainly did not write many empty promises to voters.", "Mr Cheng is likely to offer voters a lot of empty promises.", "Mr Cheng probably did not write many empty promises to voters."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14793, "answer": 1, "text": "In an experiment, tennis players who were told that their performance would be used to assess only the quality of their rackets performed much better than an equally skilled group of tennis players who were told that their tennis-playing talent would be measured.", "question": "The situation described above most closely conforms to which one of the following propositions?", "options": ["People do less well on a task if they have been told that they will be closely watched while doing it.", "People execute a task more proficiently when they do not believe their abilities are being judged.", "People who assess their talents accurately generally perform near their actual level of proficiency.", "People who think that a superior performance will please those who are testing them generally try harder."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 352, "answer": 2, "text": "The social security system refers to a social security system that, under the management of the government, in accordance with certain laws and regulations, through the redistribution of national income, and relying on social security funds, to provide material assistance and services for the protection of people's lives.", "question": "Which of the followings is within the scope of the social security system?", "options": ["Laid-off workers applied for preferential loans with the help of the street office, opened their own factories, and provided re-employment opportunities for many laid-off workers", "On the eve of the Spring Festival, the city leaders visited the widowed elderly in the city and sent them food, clothing,TV and other materials, hoping that they can have a warm and peaceful holiday", "Uncle Li, a retired employee, was diagnosed with lung cancer not long ago. The operation and other treatments cost hundreds of thousands of yuan, and most of the medical expenses are reimbursed by the medical insurance agency.", "The development of the Hope Project Library has enabled schools in remote mountainous areas to have their own libraries, and children there can also read their favorite books."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12791, "answer": 2, "text": "Environmentalist: Pollution from gasoline burned by cars contributes to serious environmental problems. But the cost of these problems is not reflected in gasoline prices, and hence usually does not affect consumers' decisions about how much to drive. Heavier taxes on gasoline, however, would reflect this cost, and as a result consumers would pollute less.", "question": "The environmentalist's statements, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?", "options": ["The cost of pollution from driving should not be reflected in the price of gasoline unless the amount of pollution produced would be reduced as a result.", "The only cost considered by most consumers when they are deciding how much to drive is the cost of gasoline.", "Consumers would purchase less gasoline, on average, if the cost of the environmental problems to which pollution from driving contributes were fully reflected in the price of gasoline.", "Pollution from gasoline burned by cars will be reduced only if consumers give more consideration to the cost of that pollution when deciding how much to drive."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4011, "answer": 1, "text": "Recognizing the land and climate requirements of species survival can provide a basis for regulating human food production and maximising the protection of species. Scientists have concluded that when rainforests are cut down into farmland, birds that need a humid climate die, while those that are suitable for arid climates survive instead.", "question": "Which of the following options, if correct, best supports the scientists' conclusions?", "options": ["Birds adapted to arid climate can better adapt to future climate change and future land use change", "The natural conditions of farmland are similar to those of bird habitat in arid climate", "It is necessary to preserve protozoan habitat in arid areas to cushion the impact of climate change", "When converting animal habitat into farmland, the current and future climate of the area must be considered"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6103, "answer": 2, "text": "Traditional animal resources protection measures are mainly to delimit protected areas or establish the basis for species conservation. These measures can well protect species diversity, but there are also some disadvantages: the protected area is large, and poaching is prohibited repeatedly; The establishment of improved seed base to protect local varieties has large investment and long time, and is prone to inbreeding and species decline. The advent of new biotechnology achievements such as test tube, cloning and cryopreservation has opened up a new way for the protection and utilization of animal genetic resources, and the construction of animal Noah's Ark is no longer a fantasy.", "question": "This passage mainly introduces that?", "options": ["Breakthrough progress in protecting animal species diversity", "The protection of animal resources has contributed to the birth of new achievements in biotechnology", "The progress of biotechnology opens up new fields for the protection of animal resources.", "Difficulties encountered and progress made in traditional resource protection measures"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 41, "answer": 1, "text": "Technical listeners: These listeners work hard to listen to what others say. They value the meaning of words, facts and statistics figures, but they do not work enough in terms of feeling, sympathy and true understanding.", "question": "Which of the following are technical listeners?", "options": [" Audiences who look down at the newspaper, dozing off with eyes half closed during a meeting", " Audiences who always take a lot of notes every time listening to a leader's speech, but often follow their own intentions when implementing policies, and are inconsistent with the leader's intentions", " Audience who exclaimed of Listen to your words, better than read ten years of books", " Audience who only listen to some easy-to-understand content and avoid difficult topics"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9782, "answer": 2, "text": "A good writer, like a famous tea, is the cohesion of the aura of years, mountains and rivers. In addition to acquired skill training, talent and growth environment are inseparable. The backbone of Chinese contemporary literary world, such as Mo Yan, Jia Pingwa, Alai, Chi Zijian and so on, clearly reflects the profound shaping of his writing by the regional environment. Most of these writers were born in remote villages, and their works are mainly local themes, and many of them take their hometown as a literary base. This reflects a phenomenon of contemporary Chinese literature, that is, works with local themes account for the vast majority. Even if most of the writing and reading groups live in the city, the intersection between them is still rural: writers who live in the city, write novels about the country, and read to readers who live in the city but have local memories.", "question": "Which of the followings is most likely to be described next?", "options": ["The influence of Writers' growing Environment on Literary creation", "The representative works of famous local writers in the contemporary literary world", "Why Contemporary Literature is keen on the creation of local themes", "The changing trend of narrative theme in contemporary Chinese literature"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5781, "answer": 2, "text": "Corruption refers to the act of a state official taking advantage of his position to solicit other people's property or illegally collecting other people's financial affairs for the benefit of others.", "question": "Which of the following acts is corruption?", "options": ["A construction company seduced the mayor with women to project recruitment, bidding implementation influence", "Director Li of the Administration for Industry and Commerce of a certain city, due to personal grievances, deliberately made it difficult for Zhang to apply to start a company. Zhang paid the money and asked Liu who is familiar with Director Li to clear him. Liu received 5,000 yuan from Zhang, But did not do any dredging work", "Yang is the deputy head of a certain county and is in charge of foreign trade. Yang is naturally greedy and believes that everyone below should pay tribute to him. However, he is afraid that his hands will be dirty, so he instructs his wife to trade foreign trade within the county's jurisdiction. The company called and asked them to show their filial piety. For the future of the company, the CEOs of the companies gave gifts to Yang in large and small packages", "Li, a salesperson in a large advertising company, often uses his identity to collect benefits and rebates paid by the other company in business dealings with other companies"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10873, "answer": 1, "text": "People who have spent a lot of time in contact with animals often develop animal-induced allergies, a significant percentage of which are quite serious. In a survey of current employees in major zoos, about 30 percent had animal-induced allergies. However, a zoo employee who develops a serious animal-induced allergy is very likely to switch to some other occupation.", "question": "Which of the following hypotheses receives the strongest support from the information given?", "options": ["The incidence of serious animal-induced allergies among current zoo employees is lower than that among the general population.", "Among members of the general population who have spent as much time with animals as zoo employees typically have, the percentage with animal-induced allergies is significantly more than 30 percent.", "Zoo employees tend to develop animal-induced allergies that are more serious than those of other people who spend equally large amounts of time with animals.", "There is no occupation for which the risk of developing an animal-induced allergy is higher than 30 percent."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7792, "answer": 2, "text": "Genetic discrimination refers to the prediction of genetic tendency from the perspective of genes, which has a negative effect on the social activities of people who carry some Disadvantageous genesor Defective genes after the disclosure and disclosure of genetic information.", "question": "Which of the following is not related to genetic discrimination?", "options": ["Lao Wang is a patient with severe hypertension. His son, Xiao Wang, 24, failed to get the job because his employer knew his father's medical history.", "Xiao Jiao's mother is a hepatitis B patient. Xiao Jiao is old enough to go to kindergarten, but no kindergarten dares to accept her. The kindergartens were afraid that she would carry the hepatitis B virus to other children.", "Small Feng in a large company work, economic income is quite rich, 1.78 meters tall, a good-looking talent, but because of illness, talk about a lot of girlfriends have failed, so far have not found a lover.", "Xie lost his left foot in an accident, and his girlfriend broke up with him, saying that she couldn't live with a man who had four limbs, and it would be ridiculous to have another child without legs. Xie was angry and hated and agreed to break up."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13255, "answer": 1, "text": "Scientist: It seems likely that the earliest dinosaurs to fly did so by gliding out of trees rather than, as some scientists think, by lifting off the ground from a running start. Animals gliding from trees are able to fly with very simple wings. Such wings represent evolutionary middle stages toward developing the large wings that we associate with flying dinosaurs.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, strengthens the scientist's argument EXCEPT:", "options": ["Early flying dinosaurs had sharp claws and long toes suitable for climbing.", "Early flying dinosaurs built their nests at the base of trees.", "Early flying dinosaurs had unusual feathers that provided lift while gliding, but little control when taking flight.", "Early flying dinosaurs lived at a time when their most dangerous predators could not climb trees."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13948, "answer": 0, "text": "Principle: A police officer is eligible for a Mayor' s Commendation if the officer has an exemplary record, but not otherwise; an officer eligible for the award who did something this year that exceeded what could be reasonably expected of a police officer should receive the award if the act saved someone' s life. Conclusion: Officer Franklin should receive a Mayor' s Commendation but Officer Penn should not.", "question": "From which one of the following sets of facts can the conclusion be properly drawn using the principle?", "options": ["In saving a child from drowning this year, Franklin and Penn both risked their lives beyond what could be reasonably expected of a police officer. Franklin has an exemplary record but Penn does not.", "Both Franklin and Penn have exemplary records. On several occasions this year Franklin has saved people's lives, and on many occasions this year Franklin has exceeded what could be reasonably expected of a police officer. On no occasions this year has Penn saved a person's life or exceeded what could be reasonably expected of an officer.", "Neither Franklin nor Penn has an exemplary record. But, in saving the life of an accident victim, Franklin went beyond what could be reasonably expected of a police officer. In the only case in which Penn saved someone's life this year, Penn was merely doing what could be reasonably expected of an officer under the circumstances.", "At least once this year, Franklin has saved a person's life in such a way as to exceed what could be reasonably expected of a police officer. Penn has not saved anyone's life this year."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5998, "answer": 3, "text": "Customer active socialization is a process in which customers actively learn knowledge and information related to their role in order to participate effectively in the service process.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is the customer active socialization?", "options": ["After retiring, Aunt Zhang watched TV health programs every night to to learn how to preserve health.", "In order to improve the sales performance in a certain area, Xiao Liu, an employee of the company, taught himself local dialect.", "In order to help Xiaoming improve his Olympic math results, his mother also signed up for the Olympic Math training classes.", "Xie did not agree with the doctor's diagnosis of his own depression, so he searched a lot of information on the Internet."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1266, "answer": 3, "text": "Since the 20 th century, qualitative changes have taken place in human understanding of strings. The string is the vibration, and the vibration will produce waves, which shows that the waves constitute a rich and colorful world, which provides an ideological basis and technical method for the re-understanding of beauty. The research shows that there is a profound internal relationship between natural beauty and the wavelength (or frequency) of matter, and there is a coupling relationship between the natural frequency of objects and the frequency of human beings. beauty is caused by the interaction between the frequencies of different types of spectra and human beings.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following statements is incorrect?", "options": ["Different perceptions of beauty and ugliness of the same person are caused by different frequencies of aesthetic subjects", "Sunlight and flowers remain roughly the same for a certain period of time, because the vibration frequency does not change", "Distance produces beauty because the aesthetic subject and object resonate within a certain frequency range", "The brave behavior of righteousness is recognized by the society because the vibration frequency of the aesthetic subject is the same"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8291, "answer": 2, "text": "The researchers used X-rays to take images of rhesus monkeys making various sounds as they ate, yawned and yelled at each other. The results show that macaques can easily make many different sounds, including the five most basic vowels in the English alphabet. The researchers speculate that rhesus monkeys cannot speak thousands of words and complete sentences because their brains are different from those of humans.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above researchers' conjecture?", "options": ["The characteristics of the vocal cords of rhesus monkeys and apes are the reason why they are unable to reproduce human speech", "After human training, African gray parrots can speak more than 800 words", "The rich language expression ability of human beings mainly comes from the unique highly developed language functional areas of the brain", "Using a computer to simulate macaques to speak complete sentences, each word is relatively clear and not difficult to understand"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8192, "answer": 1, "text": "A foreign company buys insects such as pseudo-walkers and crickets from farmers and processes them into powder or oil, which is then mixed with other ingredients to make delicious food that makes people unable to eat the taste of insects. The company made a profit of millions of dollars by selling the food in 2019. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization affirms the practice of the company and points out that eating insects helps to deal with food shortages and malnutrition around the world.", "question": "Which of the following options is a prerequisite that must be added if the above argument is to be established?", "options": ["The tight supply of food in the world will continue, and the development of new food materials such as insects can effectively cope with the growth in food demand.", "Insects are rich in protein, fat, vitamins, iron and other nutrients, which are large and low-cost supplementary foods.", "An authoritative foreign research institution said that in this century, eating insects is conducive to the growth of population and the increased consumption of protein", "Some regions in Asia and Africa that are short of food and the population is malnourished are vigorously developing the processing industry of insect breeding."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10633, "answer": 3, "text": "It is pointless to debate the truth of the law of noncontradiction, a fundamental logical principle according to which two statements that contradict each other cannot both be true. For a debate to be productive, participants must hold some basic principles in common. But the principles held in common in a debate over the law of noncontradiction would be much less certain than that law, so it matters little whether the law of noncontradiction can be defended on the basis of those principles.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?", "options": ["The law of noncontradiction is a principle that the participants in a productive debate must hold in common.", "Statements that contradict each other cannot both be true.", "Any principles that could be used to defend the law of noncontradiction are less certain than it is.", "It is pointless to debate the truth of the law of noncontradiction."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4153, "answer": 1, "text": "Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that human beings enjoy or should enjoy according to their essence. On the surface, human rights are superficial and transcending national boundaries, and they represent the rights of the whole human being,but this is only an ideal.As far as the reality of human rights is concerned, it is always restricted by certain conditions. Like any other right, it can never exceed the economic structure of the society and the development of social culture restricted by the economic structure.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["The reality of human rights is its conditionality.", "Don't brutally interfere with human rights issues in other countries.", "The economic structure of a society determines its cultural structure.", "Everyone should enjoy freedom."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7579, "answer": 2, "text": "Social relief means that through the redistribution of national income, the state gives free assistance to social members who are unable to maintain the minimum standard of living due to natural disasters or other economic and social reasons, so as to ensure their minimum standard of living.", "question": "Which of the following is social relief?", "options": ["Placement fees for veterans", "Injury insurance", "The state distributes property to the people in the disaster-stricken areas", "Open nursing homes for widows and lonely old people"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10634, "answer": 1, "text": "Film historians have made two major criticisms of Depression-era filmmakers: first, that they were too uncritical of the economic status quo; and second, that they self-indulgently created films reflecting their own dreams and desires. However, these filmmakers made their movies with an eye to profit, and so they provided what their audiences most wanted in a film: a chance to imagine being wealthy enough not to have a care in the world. Thus, the second criticism cannot be accurate.", "question": "The conclusion of the argument follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["To avoid self-indulgence, filmmakers should take a critical stance toward the existing economic system and should allow audiences to form their own personal aspirations.", "It cannot be self-indulgent for a filmmaker to give an audience what it most wants.", "The people who regularly went to movies during the Depression were those likely to have been most satisfied with the economic status quo.", "Depression-era filmmakers who did not make films for profit could not take radical critical stances toward then-current economic and political issues."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 546, "answer": 3, "text": "Witkeys refers to people who convert their wisdom, knowledge, ability and experience into actual benefits through the Internet. They make their knowledge, wisdom, experience and skills reflect economic value by solving problems in science, technology, work, life and learning on the Internet", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to a Witkey mode?", "options": ["A website provides retrieval of academic papers for nearly 30 years, but if you want to download the full text, you have to charge a certain fee.", "Professor Zhao is a well-known expert in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In order to better serve the majority of patients, he created a personal website on the Internet to provide free professional consultation for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients. On the other hand, it also improved the popularity of Professor Zhao's Hospital and attracted more patients to seek medical treatment.", "A large household appliance manufacturer has set up its own website. Consumers can leave their address and contact information on the Internet if they encounter any problems in the process of using the household appliances produced by the enterprise. The enterprise provides door-to-door service.", "This year, such a website has quietly sprung up on the Internet. Task publishers can publish tasks on the website and prepay the task bonus in full to the website. The task attracts many netizens to participate in the task, and the website pays part of the bonus to a participant who completes the task best."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5397, "answer": 2, "text": "A research institution investigated and analyzed 208 patients with symptoms such as heartache and arrhythmia. When they began to receive surgical treatment, they reported their views on the condition through a questionnaire. About 20% of them were very worried about the deterioration of the condition, some were even afraid of death, and others were not so worried. Later, the follow-up survey showed that, the recurrence rate in half a year after operation was higher in people with serious worry before operation than in others. Researchers believe that worry is not conducive to the recovery of heart disease", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above conclusion?", "options": ["Studies have shown that worry can inhibit the activity of prefrontal cortex and make people more depressed", "Researchers found that those with serious worry were more concerned about their health", "Those with serious worry have chemicals in their blood that increase the risk of heart disease", "Worry is a potential threat to health, and people lead to many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and so on."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12506, "answer": 1, "text": "There are two kinds of horror stories: those that describe a mad scientist' s experiments and those that describe a monstrous beast. In some horror stories about monstrous beasts, the monster symbolizes a psychological disturbance in the protagonist. Horror stories about mad scientists, on the other hand, typically express the author' s feeling that scientific knowledge alone is not enough to guide human endeavor. However, despite these differences, both kinds of horror stories share two features: they describe violations of the laws of nature and they are intended to produce dread in the reader.", "question": "If the statements above are true, which one of the following would also have to be true?", "options": ["Most stories about mad scientists express the author's antiscientific views.", "Some stories that employ symbolism describe violations of the laws of nature.", "Horror stories of any kind usually describe characters who are psychologically disturbed.", "All descriptions of monstrous beasts describe violations of the laws of nature."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11035, "answer": 0, "text": "Funding opponent: Some people favor city funding for the spaying and neutering of pets at the owners' request. They claim that the decrease in the number of stray animals to contend with will offset the cost of the funding. These people fail to realize that over 80 percent of pet owners already pay to spay or neuter their animals, so there will not be a significant decrease in the number of stray animals in the city if this funding is provided.", "question": "Each of the following, if true strengthens the argument of the funding opponent EXCEPT:", "options": ["Many pet owners would have their animals spayed or neutered sooner if funding were provided by the city.", "The majority of pets that are not spayed or neutered are used for breeding purposes, and are not likely to produce stray animals.", "The only way the number of stray animals can decrease is if existing strays are spayed or neutered.", "Most pet owners who do not have their pets spayed or neutered believe that spaying and neutering are morally wrong."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1520, "answer": 2, "text": "Taking citizen satisfaction and happiness as the ultimate standard to test government work means that people-oriented is really becoming the core ruling concept of the government.", "question": "Which of the followings is consist with the meaning of the sentence:", "options": ["The satisfaction and well-being of citizens have contributed to the formation of the core ruling concept of the government", "The degree of citizens' satisfaction and happiness is the touchstone to test the government's core ruling concept", "People oriented should be the core concept of government governance", "People oriented has been the core concept of the government"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6425, "answer": 3, "text": "Lin Yutang once said that he stepped on the culture of the East and the West and commented on the articles on the universe with one heart, and his cultural, ideological and belief was also aimed at winning the strengths of many families and comprehension. Of course, there are many internal and external reasons for the formation of this cultural concept, but I think it is closely related to Cai Yuanpei's influence.", "question": "Which of the following is the central meaning of this passage?", "options": ["Lin Yutang is a rather conceited cultural man", "Lin Yutang is in the East and has deep attainments in Western culture", "Lin Yutang has a close relationship with Cai Yuanpei", "Cai Yuanpei is an important figure that can not be ignored in the formation of Lin Yutang's cultural concept"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3408, "answer": 1, "text": "The value of the burden of proof mainly refers to the decisive effect of the burden of proof borne by the plaintiff, the defendant or the third party in the lawsuit on the success or failure of the lawsuit.", "question": "Which of the following options from this text can be inferred?", "options": ["The burden of proof has no value.", "The burden of proof rests primarily with the plaintiff, the defendant, or a third party.", "The value of the burden of proof is that it allows the plaintiff to win.", "The burden of proof is mainly borne by the public security organs or the people's procuratorate."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12742, "answer": 2, "text": "Beta Corporation claims that it no longer has enough work for the 60 computer data-entry workers that it is laying off. These workers have heard, however, that the company is buying 100 new computers. So the workers concluded that the company' s real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the workers' conclusion?", "options": ["A recent memorandum from the president of Beta Corporation requested that all data generated by the company be stored in computerized form.", "Beta Corporation's computer data-entry workers are more experienced and hence more highly paid than people doing comparable work in other companies.", "Beta Corporation's new computers will allow its current management and sales staff to perform many of the tasks that the data-entry workers were previously doing.", "Most of the workers being laid off know how to enter data on a number of different computer systems."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10371, "answer": 0, "text": "There are six singers: F, G, L, K, H, M. Three piano accompaniment: X, Y, W. Each piano accompanist happens to accompany two of the singers. The known conditions are as follows: (1) if X accompanies F, W accompanies L. (2) if X does not accompany G, Y accompanies M. (3) X or Y to accompany H. (4) F and G do not share the same accompanist; L and K do not share the accompanist; H and M do not share the accompanist.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most unlikely singer for Y to accompany?", "options": ["G and H.", "L and H.", "F and L.", "F and M."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14188, "answer": 1, "text": "Editorial: Consumers in North America think that by drinking frozen concentrated orange juice, they are saving energy, because it takes fewer truckloads to transport it than it takes to transport an equivalent amount of not-from-concentrate juice. But they are mistaken, for the amount of energy required to concentrate the juice is far greater than the energy difference in the juices' transport.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would provide the greatest additional support for the editorial's conclusion?", "options": ["Frozen juice can be stored for several years, while not-from-concentrate juice lasts a much shorter time.", "Freezer trucks use substantially more energy per mile driven than do any other types of trucks.", "A serving of not-from-concentrate juice takes up to six times more space than a serving of frozen concentrated juice.", "Oranges grown in Brazil make up an increasing percentage of the fruit used in not-from-concentrate juice production."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13163, "answer": 1, "text": "Council member P: Alarmists are those who see an instance of pollution and exaggerate its significance into a major character fault of society. Such alarmists fail to distinguish the incident and the behavior that caused it from the disposition of people not to pollute. Council member Q: To think that there is a lot of pollution based on the discovery of a serious single instance of pollution is simply an application of the widely accepted principle that actions tend to follow the path of least resistance, and it is surely easier to pollute than not to pollute.", "question": "Council members P and Q disagree over whether", "options": ["people are responsible for pollution", "people are inclined to pollute", "actions tend to follow the path of least resistance", "people can change their behavior and not pollute"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13233, "answer": 0, "text": "Downtown Petropolis boasted over 100 large buildings 5 years ago. Since then, 60 of those buildings have been demolished. Since the number of large buildings in a downtown is an indicator of the economic health of that downtown, it is clear that downtown Petropolis is in a serious state of economic decline.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?", "options": ["Significantly fewer than 60 new large buildings have been built in downtown Petropolis during the past 5 years.", "There have never been significantly more than 100 large buildings in downtown Petropolis.", "Most of the buildings demolished during the past 5 years were torn down because they were structurally unsound.", "The large buildings demolished over the past 5 years have been replaced with small buildings built on the same sites."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11349, "answer": 3, "text": "Theoretically, analog systems are superior to digital systems. A signal in a pure analog system can be infinitely detailed, while digital systems cannot produce signals that are more precise than their digital units. With this theoretical advantage there is a practical disadvantage, however. Since there is no limit on the potential detail of the signal, the duplication of an analog representation allows tiny variations from the original, which are errors. These errors tend to accumulate as signals are duplicated, until this noise obliterates the information embodied in the original signal.", "question": "The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?", "options": ["Digital systems are the best information systems because error cannot occur in the emission of digital signals.", "Analog representation of information is impractical because we do not need infinitely detailed information.", "Many ideas that work well in theory do not work well in practice.", "Digital systems are preferable to analog systems when the signal must be reproduced many times."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6351, "answer": 3, "text": "The development of modern agriculture cannot be separated from the two basic requirements of ecological safety and product safety. Therefore, the prevention and control of agricultural pollution should be one of the important tasks of modern agricultural development. Unlike industrial pollution and urban pollution, pollution involves a wide range and strong concealment. The assessment is difficult, and it is not suitable to establish a punishment mechanism. At the same time, due to the relatively low income level of farmers, it is impossible to carry out pollution charges. This compensation mechanism is essentially the cost of ecological construction and protection (including giving up Loss of development opportunities) to compensate.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most accurate summary of this text?", "options": ["The prevention and control of agricultural pollution is an important task for the development of modern agriculture.", "The methods of controlling agricultural pollution and industrial pollution are different.", "The agricultural development model is the prerequisite for the treatment of agricultural pollution.", "The prevention and control of agricultural pollution should establish an incentive and compensation concept."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10081, "answer": 2, "text": "Some insects die after first breeding larvae, others live for years after their offspring are guaranteed survival. Among the latter insects are those that make beneficial contributions to the ecosystem, such as bees.", "question": "Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statement?", "options": ["Insects that do not play a major role in the ecosystem usually die after the first reproduction.", "Most bees survive well after the next generation is able to live on their own.", "Bees don't usually die immediately after a single reproduction.", "Most insects live independently from birth and do not require the care of adult insects."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5825, "answer": 1, "text": "The invitation tender is a kind of trading method in which the tenderer does not go through the general transaction consultation procedure before buying and selling bulk commodities, contracting construction projects or cooperating in a certain business, but invites the applicant to submit an offer to compete publicly, and finally the tenderer chooses the object of the transaction to make a contract.", "question": "Which of the following is the invitation tender?", "options": ["Zhang plans to sell the suburban villa, stating that it can be negotiated on the basis of no less than 2 million yuan.", "Boss Zhang intends to issue a notice of bidding for the construction project of the city's villa group to units with corresponding construction qualifications inside and outside the province.", "A confidential manager of Boss Zhang's company disappeared for some reason, and he decided to offer a reward of 100,000 yuan to find the insider.", "Boss Zhang wants to sell 60% of the company's shares he holds at a price of 150,000 yuan."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9162, "answer": 3, "text": "A unit arranges 6 people on duty on The first day, the second day, the third day of the new year. They are G., H, K, L, P, and S. Two people are required to be on duty every day. The personnel arrangement must meet the following conditions: (1) L and P must be on duty on the same day. (2) G and H cannot be on duty on the same day. (3) If K is on duty in the first day, then G is on duty in the second day. (4) ) If S is on duty in the third day, then H is on duty in the second day.", "question": "If P is on duty in the second day, which of the followings can be true?", "options": ["S is on duty in the third day", "H is on duty in the second day", "K is on duty in the first day", "G is on duty in the first day"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2633, "answer": 3, "text": "After repeated verification, Xiao Li, the quality inspector, reported to the factory director: the products produced in the 726 workshop are all qualified, so the unqualified products are not produced in the 726 workshop.", "question": "Which of the following is most similar to Xiao Li's reasoning structure?", "options": ["All candidates who enter the venue have passed the temperature test, so the candidates who failed to enter the venue have not passed the temperature test", "All the factory equipment is tested and qualified, and all the tested equipment has been out of the factory", "All published articles have been carefully proofread, so the articles that have been carefully proofread have been published", "All truths are not afraid of criticism, so it is not the truth that is afraid of criticism"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4208, "answer": 2, "text": "A product is slow to sell, either because of poor quality, or because the price is too high, or because the advertising promotion is not done well. After analysis, the quality of the product is very good.", "question": "Based on the above materials, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["The product is out of stock because the price is too high", "The product is slow to sell because the advertising promotion is not done well", "The product is sold either because the price is too high or because the advertising promotion is not done well", "The product is not sold because the price is too high, nor because the advertising promotion is not done well"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 15043, "answer": 1, "text": "Educator: If there is a crisis in education today, it is one of maintaining quality. People love to reduce serious learning to degrees and certificates. But one also can obtain these credentials by plodding through courses without ever learning much of value. When that happens, the credentials one receives are almost meaningless.", "question": "If the educator's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?", "options": ["A person benefits from an education only to the extent that he or she invests effort in it.", "Degrees and certificates do not guarantee that a person has acquired much worthwhile knowledge.", "It has become easier for students to complete their coursework without learning anything of importance.", "Educational institutions should cease to grant degrees and certificates."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14422, "answer": 2, "text": "That Shakespeare' s The Winter s Tale ( 1610-1611) is modeled after Euripides' Alcestis (fifth century B. C. ) seems undeniable. However, it is generally accepted that Shakespeare knew little or no Greek, so Euripides' original play would be an unlikely source. Thus, it seems most likely that Shakespeare came to know Euripides' play through a Latin translation.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, LEAST strengthens the argument?", "options": ["There is strong evidence to suggest that Shakespeare relied on Latin translations of Greek plays as sources for some of his other works.", "The only English language version of Alcestis available in Shakespeare's time differed drastically from the original in ways The Winter s Tale does not.", "Latin phrases that were widely used in England during Shakespeare's time appear in a number of his plays.", "Paul Buchanan's 1539 Latin translation of Alcestis was faithful to the original and widely available during the 1600s."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1356, "answer": 3, "text": "Stealth aircraft can be stealthy mainly by using a series of stealth high and new technologies, including stealth materials for body skeleton and skin, surface stealth coating materials, shape stealth structure, infrared radiation reduction technology, noise reduction technology and electronic interference technology, etc. There are several kinds of stealth materials for making stealth aircraft skeleton and skin, the most commonly used are carbon fiber reinforced resin composites, carbon fiber and carbon matrix carbon-carbon composites, silicon carbide wire reinforced aluminum composites and so on. these composites are light in weight and can absorb radar waves. In the skin of the American B-2 stealth bomber, a honeycomb sandwich material is also used as a lining to further improve the ability of the body to absorb radar waves. In order to obtain the perfect double insurance effect, the outer surface of the whole fuselage is also coated with a layer of nickel-cobalt ferrite or a stealth coating composed of metal and metal oxide ultra-fine powder. This kind of coating can increase the magnetic loss of irradiated radar waves and play the role of absorbing and transmitting waves.", "question": "Which of the following is the best option for heading this text?", "options": ["Outer coating, fuselage material to help aircraft stealth", "Reveal the invisible material that makes the aircraft invisible", "Special paint is the key to aircraft invisibility", "The reason why stealth aircraft can be invisible"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9035, "answer": 2, "text": "The crime of unknown origin of a huge amount of property is objectively conducive to the protection of embezzlement and bribery. Once a huge amount of property is loaded into the basket of unknown sources, it is not necessary to find out its sources one by one. How tolerant it is for those who were embezzlement and bribery.Moreover, the charge gives judicial personnel too much discretion and room for blending. Therefore, the unknown source of a huge amount of property should be punished as the crime of embezzlement and bribery..", "question": "Which of the following options does not support the above argument?", "options": ["Corrupt officials know that once their embezzled and bribed property is found to be of unknown origin, the punishment can be mitigated; China's existing means of investigation are backward, and those who confess may incur more severe punishment than those who do not confess.", "Is there anyone who doesn't know where his family's property comes from? The crime of unknown origin of a huge amount of property is conducive to cracking down on corrupt officials lightly and easily, but it is not conducive to social justice.", "Presumption of innocence and right to silence are the basic concepts of the modern rule of law. If the defendant is not proved guilty, he should be found innocent.", "The laws of Singapore, Brunei and India all stipulate that the unknown source of property of civil servants should be punished as embezzlement and bribery."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11354, "answer": 1, "text": "Keeler wanted the institute to receive bad publicity. He and Greene were the only ones in a position to tell the press about the institute' s potentially embarrassing affiliations, but Greene had no reason to do so. Ttherefore, it must have been Keeler who notified the press.", "question": "Which one of the following arguments is most closely parallel in its reasoning to the argument above?", "options": ["Cutter and Rengo are the only serious candidates for designing the new monument. Rengo has designed several beautiful monuments and has connections to the selection committee. Ttherefore, it will probably be Rengo who is awarded the job of designing the monument.", "Other than Helms and Lapinski, no one had access to the equipment on Thursday, the day it was tampered with. Thus, since Helms had reason to tamper with the equipment and Lapinski did not, it must have been Helms who did it.", "The only people who had any reason to write the anonymous letter were Johnson and Ringwold. Johnson and Ringwold both deny doing so. Ringwold, however, admits that she has written anonymous letters in the past. Thus, it must have been Ringwold who wrote the letter.", "Carter and Whitequill were the only ones who had any motive to bribe the public official. But Whitequill would have been too fearful that the bribery might somehow be made public. Carter, ttherefore, must be the person who bribed the public official."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14200, "answer": 3, "text": "In Wareland last year, 16 percent of licensed drivers under 21 and 11 percent of drivers ages 21-24 were in serious accidents. By contrast, only 3 percent of licensed drivers 65 and older were involved in serious accidents. These figures clearly show that the greater experience and developed habits of caution possessed by drivers in the 65-and-older group make them far safer behind the wheel than the younger drivers are.", "question": "Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["There is no age bracket for which the accident rate is lower than it is for licensed drivers 65 and older.", "The difference between the accident rate of drivers under 21 and of those ages 21-24 is attributable to the greater driving experience of those in the older group.", "Drivers 65 and older are less likely than are drivers 24 and younger to drive during weather conditions that greatly increase the risk of accidents.", "Drivers 65 and older do not, on average, drive very many fewer miles per year than drivers 24 and younger."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1621, "answer": 0, "text": "If urban educational resources can be fairly distributed among different schools, there will be no difference between key schools and ordinary schools, and some teachers will not get rich due to the excessive accumulation of educational resources. If educational resources are fairly distributed among regions and mountain schools in remote areas can get more investment, rural education will not be so difficult.", "question": "Which of the following does this passage mainly talk about?", "options": ["Equity of educational resources", "Polarization of teachers' income", "Regional disparity in the distribution of educational resources", "Grading of School Division"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14943, "answer": 1, "text": "Jane: Television programs and movies that depict violence among teenagers are extremely popular. Given how influential these media are, we have good reason to believe that these depictions cause young people to engage in violent behavior. Hence, depictions of violence among teenagers should be prohibited from movies and television programs, if only in those programs and movies promoted to young audiences. Maurice: But you are recommending nothing short of censorship! Besides which, your claim that television and movie depictions of violence cause violence is mistaken: violence among young people predates movies and television by centuries.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens Jane's argument?", "options": ["Many adolescents who engage in violent behavior had already displayed such behavior before they were exposed violence in movies.", "The movies that have been shown to have the most influence on young people's behavior are those that are promoted to young audiences.", "The people who make the most profits in the movie and television industry are those who can successfully promote their work to both young and old audiences.", "The most violent characters depicted in movies and on television programs are adult characters which are portrayed by adult actors."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3486, "answer": 0, "text": "Although the main power of society is still in the hands of men, although men's abstract thinking and physical strength are better than women, more and more psychologists and physiologists believe that men are physically and psychologically weaker than women. , And there are many shortcomings.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["Not all psychologists or physiologists believe that men are more vulnerable than women", "Men rely on their abstract thinking and physical strength to control the main power of society", "In the future society, women will control the main power of society", "More and more researchers believe that women have no shortcomings"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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