Split (3)

train · 63.7k rows

text stringlengths 127 2.59k
{"id": 3324, "answer": 0, "text": "Some skin care cosmetics with excellent results are made by Noah Company. All of Noah's skin care products are expensive, and expensive skin care products are trusted by women without exception.", "question": "Which of the following can't be inferred from the conclusion of the problem?", "options": ["Some of the skin-care products that women trust don't actually work as well", "Some cosmetics that work well are trusted by women", "All of Noah's skin care and cosmetics are trusted by women", "Some expensive skin care products are very effective"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6693, "answer": 1, "text": "Handwriting test is a special technical method to identify the writer through the characteristics of writing action habit, character layout habit and written language habit of writing symbols.", "question": "Which of the following mainly supports the idea of handwriting verification?", "options": ["The content of handwriting test is very extensive", "Handwriting examination is a special technical method for material evidence inspection", "Operation method of handwriting inspection", "Research direction of handwriting inspection"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15024, "answer": 3, "text": "Most of the mines that Moradco operates in the province of Velyena have never violated environmental regulations. Every one of the gold mines that Moradco operates throughout the world has at some time or another violated environmental regulations.", "question": "Which one of the following statements follows logically from the statements above?", "options": ["Most of the gold mines that Moradco operates are not located in Velyena.", "Moradco operates more mines in Velyena than any other company operates there.", "Most of the mines that Moradco operates throughout the world are not gold mines.", "Most of the mines that Moradco operates in Velyena are not gold mines."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5055, "answer": 3, "text": "In the face of parents' doubts about the excessive formaldehyde in the classroom decorated for two months in a primary school, the principal of the primary school responded: I have been to all the classrooms one by one and didn't smell any peculiar smell, so the formaldehyde doesn't exceed the standard.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best refute the certification of the primary school principal?", "options": ["Different people have different feelings about the taste. The headmaster's no smell does not mean that there is no smell in fact", "More than three months after the decoration of a new house was completed, formaldehyde still exceeded the standard after formal testing", "Even for rooms without peculiar smell after decoration, formaldehyde may exceed the standard within a few months after decoration", "Formaldehyde is a colorless and tasteless gas. It is impossible to judge whether formaldehyde exceeds the standard by the taste of the room"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12865, "answer": 3, "text": "Researchers have studied the cost-effectiveness of growing halophytes -- salt-tolerant plant species -- for animal forage. Halophytes require more water than conventional crops, but can be irrigated with seawater, and pumping seawater into farms near sea level is much cheaper than pumping freshwater from deep wells. Thus, seawater agriculture near sea level should be cost-effective in desert regions although its yields are smaller than traditional, freshwater agriculture.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?", "options": ["Costs other than the costs of irrigation are different for halophytes grown by means of seawater irrigation than for conventional crops.", "Large research expenditures are needed to develop the strains of halophytes best suited for agricultural purposes.", "A given volume of halophytes is significantly different in nutritional value for animal forage from the same volume of conventional forage crops.", "Pumping water for irrigation is proportionally one of the largest costs involved in growing, harvesting, and distributing any forage crop for animals."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6763, "answer": 2, "text": "Genomics research shows that the human genome contains 20 to 25000 genes, but so far, using gene detection technology, only more than a thousand disease genes can be found, and all of them are single gene diseases. However, polygenic diseases in humans are still a blind spot for technical testing. In this regard, the existing genetic test results all use high, medium, low or a certain percentage range to indicate the risk probability of an individual suffering from a certain disease, which simply cannot reach the so-called 100% accuracy. In addition, even if the genetic test results are normal, the possibility of getting sick cannot be ruled out.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["Human suffering from disease is a very complicated process", "The existing gene test results are not refined enough", "The current gene detection has its limitations in the application of technology", "The results of genetic testing can not rule out the possibility of human disease"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12164, "answer": 0, "text": "Most commentators on Baroque painting consider Caravaggio an early practitioner of that style, believing that his realism and novel use of the interplay of light and shadow broke sharply with current styles of Caravaggio' s time and significantly influenced seventeenth-century Baroque painting. One must ttherefore either abandon the opinion of this majority of commentators or reject Mather' s definition of Baroque painting, which says that for any painting to be considered Baroque, it must display opulence, heroic sweep, and extravagance.", "question": "The conclusion of the argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["Opulence, heroic sweep, and extravagance are not present in Caravaggio's paintings.", "A painter who makes use of the interplay of light and shadow need not for that reason be considered a nonrealistic painter.", "A realistic painting usually does not depict the world as opulent, heroic, or extravagant.", "Realism was not widely used by painters prior to the seventeenth century."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5563, "answer": 3, "text": "In class, the teacher brought a piece of ore for A, B, C 3 students to identify. It's not iron, it's not lead, A said. It's not iron, it's copper, B said. It's not copper, it's iron, C said. The teacher concluded: Of the three, one person's two judgments are correct. The other person's two judgments are wrong, and one person's two judgments one-on-one wrong.", "question": "Based on the above criteria, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["This ore is tin", "This ore is copper", "This ore is lead", "This ore is iron"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12941, "answer": 2, "text": "Carrillo: Using the number of existing primate species, along with measures of the genetic diversify among these primates and among the extinct primate species, our statistical model strongly supports the conclusion that the first primate developed around 81. 5 million years ago. Olson: Given that the oldest primate fossils discovered so far date back only 55 million years, your estimate of how long primate species' development has gone on is sheer speculation.", "question": "The dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Carrillo and Olson disagree over whether", "options": ["primates have been around for more than 55 million years", "fossils of the first primate species that developed have been discovered", "Carrillo's statistical model is a reliable way of dating the first appearance of primate species", "the available sample of primate fossils is representative of the variety of primate species that have existed"], "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8344, "answer": 0, "text": "Youth A, B, C, D and E from a village applied for employment in a housing maintenance company. According to their respective expertise, five of them were employed as welders, bricklayers, electricians, carpenters and plumbers. It is known that each of them does only one type of work, and one of their five people does each type of work, and it is also known that: (1) if A works as a welder, C works as a carpenter; (2) if one of B and D works as a plumber, then A works as a welder; (3) C or works as a bricklayer, or an electrician.", "question": "If E works as a bricklayer, which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["A works as a plumber.", "A works as the carpentry.", "B works as the carpentry.", "B works as the welder."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6741, "answer": 2, "text": "Many literary works in China have been handed down for a long time, which is deeply related to the gestalt in the hearts of the people who have been molded by culture for thousands of years, even if it is a tragedy, we should try our best to find a happy ending. Therefore, we can see that the mainstream of Chinese culture is literature, and the heavenly life depicted by literature, although far away, is deeply rooted in the lives of the people-looking forward to a better tomorrow.", "question": "Which of the following is the most accurate understanding of the gestalt in this paragraph?", "options": ["A happy ending in literary works", "The heavenly life and fairyland depicted by literature", "A beautiful imagination and yearning for an ideal life", "A preference for turning tragedies into happy endings"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2246, "answer": 1, "text": "Friendly buying: The act of buying products at or above the wholesale or market price to tide over the producers in the event of large overstocking caused by natural disasters or other irresistible factors.", "question": "Which of the following is friendly procurement?", "options": ["Recently the price of raw materials rose, the supply of various electronic devices is tight, an enterprise takes the initiative to increase the price, from long-term suppliers there to buy a large number of urgently needed electronic devices, to ensure the normal production of enterprises", "After days of torrential rain caused flash floods, dozens of mu of local watermelon farmers' watermelons that were about to be sold in the market were flooded. After learning the news, the counterpart city purchased all the watermelons of the local farmers at the market price", "A large harvest of fruit in one part of the south caused a large backlog of unsold fruit. Buyers, knowing that the northeast market was good, bought large quantities of fruit from worried farmers and resold them to the northeast, making a great profit", "Although the traditional handicrafts of a minority nationality have been successfully applied for world Heritage, their products have always failed to sell. After the folklore experts' vigorous promotion in the media, they finally walked out of the mountains, and the market response is very good"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2143, "answer": 2, "text": "Green design refers to the consideration of the environmental properties of the product throughout the product cycle, such as detachability, recyclability, maintainability, reusability and so on, and takes it as the design goal. While meeting the conditions of environmental protection, ensure that the quality of the product reaches the optimal state.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is consistent with the concept of green design?", "options": ["Dubai Sun Village skillfully installs solar collectors to maximize sunshine time", "A Dutch chemical company regards health and environmental protection as an important value of the company", "It is popular in Brazil to use green plants instead of bricks, stone, steel and cement to build walls", "A school designed the classroom background as light green to protect children's eyes"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7901, "answer": 3, "text": "Internet public welfare refers to the public welfare activities that non-governmental organizations or enterprises mobilize public participation through the network platform, which have the characteristics of low threshold, high transparency, strong interaction and so on.", "question": "Which of the following options belongs to the Internet public welfare?", "options": ["Every year, a company allocates special funds for public welfare activities and recruits cataract patients on the official website and provides all medical expenses to patients who meet specific conditions.", "When he learned that Lao Zhang had been involved in a car accident, his old classmates quickly raised more than 30,000 yuan in donations and handed them over to his family through the class group and moments.", "Every year, a love service station publishes the accounts of online donations from all walks of life on its home page before the start of school and invites some donors to send the money to the mountain primary school.", "A village committee launched a one-to-one donation campaign through the network platform to help college students from poor families in the village solve the problem of tuition fees."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8981, "answer": 2, "text": "The problem faced by a developing country is that in order to maintain its economic development, we must constantly strengthen the competitiveness of domestic enterprises; in order to maintain social stability, we must constantly establish and improve social security systems such as old-age pension, medical care, unemployment and so on. In order to establish and improve the social security system, enterprises need to pay a certain proportion of social insurance premiums for their employees every year. If the enterprise pays such a proportion of social insurance premiums for its employees every year, it will reduce the competitiveness of the enterprise.", "question": "Which of the following conclusions can be deduced from the above statement?", "options": ["The country can either maintain its economic development or maintain its social stability", "If the proportion of annual social insurance premiums paid by enterprises for their employees is reduced, the competitive power of enterprises can be maintained", "The country cannot maintain its economic development or its social stability", "The economic development of this country will be affected to a certain extent"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3326, "answer": 0, "text": "Civil servants rights refer to the legal permission and guarantee that civil servants can perform certain behaviors, require others to perform certain behaviors or restrain certain behaviors in the process of performing their duties and state duties.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is not civil servants rights?", "options": ["Civil servants serve the people heart and soul", "Civil servants receive salary, welfare and insurance benefits", "Civil servants are provided with the working conditions necessary for the performance of their duties", "Civil servants make criticisms and suggestions to the work and leading personnel of the organs"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14304, "answer": 0, "text": "Newtonian physics dominated science for over two centuries. It found consistently successful application, becoming one of the most highly substantiated and accepted theories in the history of science. Nevertheless, Einstein' s theories came to show the fundamental limits of Newtonian physics and to surpass the Newtonian view in the early 1900s, giving rise once again to a physics that has so far enjoyed wide success.", "question": "Which one of the following logically follows from the statements above?", "options": ["Long-standing success of substantiation of a theory of physics is no guarantee that the theory will continue to be dominant indefinitely.", "If a long-accepted theory of physics is surpassed, it must be surpassed by a theory that is equally successful.", "Once a theory of physics is accepted, it will remain dominant for centuries.", "Every theory of physics, no matter how successful, is eventually surpassed by one that is more successful."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13587, "answer": 2, "text": "A translation invariably reflects the writing style of the translator. Sometimes when a long document needs to be translated quickly, several translators are put to work on the job, each assigned to translate part of the document. In these cases, the result is usually a translation marked by different and often incompatible writing styles. Certain computer programs for language translation that work without the intervention of human translators can finish the job faster than human translators and produce a stylistically uniform translation with an 80 percent accuracy rate. Ttherefore, when a long document needs to be translated quickly, it is better to use a computer translation program than human translators.", "question": "Which one of the following issues would be LEAST important to resolve in evaluating the argument?", "options": ["whether the computer translation contains errors of grammar and usage that drastically alter the meaning of the text", "whether the problem of stylistic variety in human translation could be solved by giving stylistic guidelines to human translators", "whether computer translation programs, like human translators, each have their own distinct writing style", "how the accuracy rate of computer translation programs compares with that of human translators in relation to the users' needs"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 882, "answer": 1, "text": "In medicine, according to different pathogens that cause colds, colds can be divided into viral colds and bacterial colds. If there is no bacterial infection, through the body's own immunity, the cold can heal itself in about a week. Therefore, there is no need to take medicines and injections for most circumstances of colds.", "question": "In order for the above conclusion to be true, which of the followings must be true?", "options": ["Suffering from the common cold is good for improving the person's immune system.", "The cold that people catch is commonly viral cold.", "Medicine and injection to treat diseases have greater side effects on the human body.", "There are not only two types of colds: viral and bacterial colds."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6328, "answer": 2, "text": "Among the 40 countries participating in the Third International Mathematics and Science, the United States is ranked 28th in mathematics, England is ranked 25th, Scotland is 29th, and the 4 richest countries and regions in East Asia (Singapore, South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong) rank in the top 4 in mathematics, but the United States' children's education expenditure is three times that of South Korea. The Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Slovenia perform significantly better than their economically developed Western neighbors, although their education funding is much lower than that of Western countries.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["Generally speaking, the education level of children in a country depends on the amount of education funding.", "Generally speaking, the education level of children in a country does not depend on how much the country spends.", "The state's expenditure on education and the relationship between children's education level are not as great as people think.", "The state's expenditure on education and the level of children's education cannot be said to be insignificant."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9116, "answer": 0, "text": "There are six singers: F, G, L, K, H, M. Three piano accompaniment: X, Y, W. Each piano accompanist happens to accompany two of the singers. The known conditions are as follows: (1) if X accompanies F, W accompanies L. (2) if X does not accompany G, Y accompanies M. (3) X or Y to accompany H. (4) F and G do not share the same accompanist; L and K do not share the accompanist; H and M do not share the accompanist.", "question": "If X accompanies L and H, which of the following options must be true?", "options": ["W accompany K.", "Y accompany F.", "G and K are accompanied by the same accompanist.", "F and M are accompanied by the same accompanist."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2237, "answer": 3, "text": "In the early stage of traditional culture, culture presents a comprehensive form, which becomes the common cradle of Chinese traditional medicine and classical literature. When the two disciplines have not been separated independently, there is an obvious mixture between Chinese traditional medicine and classical literature. Poetry, folk songs, ballads and market tunes are all important carriers of ancient medicine. On the other hand, many ancient medical books are works with rich literary value. When reading these classical medical works, we can often experience the inevitability and profundity of literature.", "question": "Which of the following options is inconsistent with the context?", "options": ["There is not a clear distinction between medicine and literature in the early stage of traditional culture", "Reading classical medical works may gain aesthetic experience", "Chinese traditional medicine and classical literature are rooted in the same cultural soil", "The study of classical literature is the basis for the study of traditional medicine"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10909, "answer": 2, "text": "Political advocacy groups have begun to use information services to disseminate information that is then accessed by the public via personal computer. Since many groups are thus able to bypass traditional news sources, whose reporting is selective, and to present their political views directly to the public, information services present a more balanced picture of the complexities of political issues than any traditional news source presents.", "question": "Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?", "options": ["People could get a thorough understanding of a particular political issue by sorting through information provided by several traditional news sources, each with differing editorial biases.", "Most people who get information on political issues from newspapers and other traditional news sources can readily identify the editorial biases of those sources.", "Information on political issues disseminated through information services does not come almost entirely from advocacy groups that share a single bias.", "Traditional news sources seldom report the views of political advocacy groups accurately."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5521, "answer": 3, "text": "All the sales staff of a company are from Shaanxi. Some Shaanxi people like to eat pepper, and the general manager of the company likes to eat pepper,", "question": "Which of the followings can be introduced?", "options": ["The general manager's office of the company is from Shanxi", "The general manager of the company may be from Shaanxi, where he started as a salesman", "The company's salespeople like to eat chili", "The company's salespeople may not like to eat pepper"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 397, "answer": 3, "text": "Shareholder representative action refers to a litigation system in which when the legitimate rights and interests of the company are illegally infringed and the company is interested in litigation, the shareholders of the company sue in their own name and the compensation belongs to the company.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings can bring a shareholder representative lawsuit?", "options": ["Company A has been profitable for five consecutive years, but has not distributed profits to shareholders.", "Company B suffered losses for years due to poor management. The shareholders of the company requested to inquire the accounting books, but the company refused.", "The manager of Company C privately used the company's assets to provide guarantees for others, and the company's board of directors filed a lawsuit in this regard.", "A certain company has defaulted on a large loan to Company D for nearly two years, but the board of directors and manager of Company D did not take any measures to ask for it."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 93, "answer": 2, "text": "Spam mails: E-mail advertisements, publications or other materials sent to users who have not taken the initiative to ask for, emails without clear communication methods, senders, return addresses, etc.; use China Telecom's network to violate the security policies or terms of service of other ISPs Actions and other emails that are expected to cause complaints.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following are not spam mails?", "options": [" An advertising email introducing the latest skin care products without sender", " A passionate letter of commendation but no clear sender.", " An email from a known contact but it contains a virus.", " An email with winning information from an unknown website."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10915, "answer": 1, "text": "Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government' s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Buying unprocessed cashews at lower than world market prices enables cashew processors in Kernland to sell processed nuts at competitive prices.", "A lack of profitable crops is driving an increasing number of small farmers in Kernland off their land and into the cities.", "Other countries in which cashews are processed subsidize their processing plants.", "Some of the by-products of processing cashews are used for manufacturing paints and plastics."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12768, "answer": 1, "text": "Pundit: Clearly, the two major political parties in this city have become sharply divided on the issues. In the last four elections, for example, the parties were separated by less than 1 percent of the vote.", "question": "The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument", "options": ["presumes, without argument, that sharp division is a bad thing", "takes for granted that an almost even division in votes indicates a sharp division on issues", "fails to indicate how what is happening in one city compares with what is happening in other cities", "has a conclusion that is merely a restatement of one of its premises"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11002, "answer": 2, "text": "Editorial: It is the popular assumption that millennials are less altruistic than the generation that came before them. Company reports of top-down volunteer programs and suggested donations through work are less likely to be performed by millennials and more likely to be performed by the generation that preceded them. Millennials who are on board with company donation programs are rare.", "question": "Which of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument?", "options": ["The argument assumes that corporate greed is the byproduct of the millennial attitude with no sufficient evidence backing this claim. The evidence presented has more to do with millennial behavior related to volunteering and less to do with direct corporate greed.", "The argument fails to acknowledge corporate altruism, which is a responsibility that a corporation has to the environment and the impact it has on society. Corporate responsibility is just as important as individual responsibility, especially when it has so large an effect on the world.", "The argument fails to consider altruistic millennial behavior outside of the corporate environment. It only mentions top-down volunteer programs and donations through a company. The argument does not take note of what causes millennials are contributing to in their own free time.", "The argument assumes that for millenials to perform well they must be in competition with each other. This is not necessarily true, as there is evidence in the article that contradicts this notion."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6447, "answer": 0, "text": "Wasps that reproduce by parasitism can inject just the right number of eggs into the eggs of various insects suitable for their offspring. If it injects too many eggs into the host's eggs, its larvae will die because they do not get enough space and nutrition in the competition with each other; if too few eggs are injected into the larvae, the excess nutrients in the host eggs will spoil, which in turn will lead to the death of the larvae.", "question": "Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the following is correct?", "options": ["In the mechanism of parasitic reproduction of wasps, wasps should have the ability to accurately distinguish the size of host eggs", "The number of wasps is more in the insect areas with larger eggs and less in the insect areas with smaller eggs", "Wasps injecting too many eggs into insects are more likely to cause parasitic larvae to die than too few eggs", "The size of wasp eggs determines the survival rate of wasp larvae"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6824, "answer": 3, "text": "The desolation of the shopping mall website has a lot to do with the business philosophy of the mall managers. they are too dependent on the traditional mode of operation, and they think that as long as they have a reasonable allocation of personnel and commodities, they have a certain advantage in price. then rely on the traditional publicity model to promote their own brand, especially after the mall has had a certain influence in the local area, managers would rather invest money in sales and promotion. Will not easily set foot in the field of online shopping. As a result, the websites of some shopping malls are nominal.", "question": "Which of the following indicates the meaning of this passage?", "options": ["Mall managers pay too much attention to immediate interests", "The traditional management concept is out of line with the requirements of the times", "Online shopping was left out in the cold", "The business philosophy of some mall managers leads to the failure of shopping mall websites as expected"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12379, "answer": 3, "text": "A sports arena is considering a new stadium design, one in which each block of seats would be in an enclosed weather-proof room with a view of the playing field and a large screen TV showing the action of play, including the instant replays typical of television broadcasts of sports games. The developer reasons that exposure to elements and lack of access to instant replays significantly limits the typical spectator' s enjoyment of the live game.", "question": "This stadium design would be unlikely to increase the pleasure the spectators take from live games if they enjoyed", "options": ["watching the game without interruptions from other spectators", "attending evening games more than midday games.", "coming to multiple games in a single season", "feeling the immediate camaraderie with the crowd of other spectators at the game"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14055, "answer": 3, "text": "In the course of his reading, George Orwell probably encountered certain storytelling conventions over and over again, and these are the devices he would have most likely used in his work. That is why it does not follow that, even though his 1984 resembles other books of its futuristic genre, Orwell read those books; it is possible that he and the other authors were simply drawing on the same body of literary conventions.", "question": "Which one of the following most closely illustrates the principle that the passage illustrates?", "options": ["To direct an effective movie within the cowboy genre, a director must study previously successful cowboy movies.", "A mystery novel may not resemble novels from other genres, even though it was directly influenced by such novels.", "A historical romance novel does not fit into its literary genre unless it employs certain kinds of conventions.", "A recent film that involves car chases, explosions, and clever villains is not necessarily directly influenced by other films of the action genre."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3758, "answer": 3, "text": "Article 25, Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Law of the PRC stipulates: Joint crime refers to two or more persons committing a joint intentional crime.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is a joint crime?", "options": ["A and B conspired to teach C a lesson. On the way to C's house, B returned home because of an emergency at home, and A still went into the room to beat C", "A wanted to kill B, and deliberately gave C the gun loaded with bullets, and tricked C that it was an empty gun, and told C to aim at B to intimidate B. As a result, the gun went off and B was shot and killed", "After the collision, the two cars rushed to the side of the road and crushed the pedestrians to death", "A, B conspired to rob C's tape recorder, A first injured C, B took the opportunity to take the recording machine gun away"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12167, "answer": 3, "text": "Franklin: It is inconsistent to pay sports celebrities ten times what Nobel laureates are paid. Both have rare talents and work hard. Tomeka: What you' ve neglected to consider is that unlike Nobel laureates, sports celebrities earn millions of dollars for their employers in the form of gate receipts and TV rights.", "question": "Franklin's and Tomeka's statements provide the most support for holding that they disagree about the truth of which one of the following?", "options": ["Sports celebrities and Nobel laureates work equally hard for their employers.", "Nobel laureates should be paid more than sports celebrities.", "Nobel laureates should be taken more seriously.", "There is no rational basis for the salary difference between sports celebrities and Nobel laureates."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6402, "answer": 0, "text": "Several honest merchants opened a shop together, and when they made a lot of money, they stopped and divided their wares. But what's a bonus without a fight? They had a terrible argument about money. By this time their house was on fire, but they were still arguing about money. They quarrelled so much that they forgot that the house was on fire that they were all engulfed in the flames and killed, along with their belongings.", "question": "Which of the following is true according to the above passage?", "options": ["Don't be fooled by greed", "Do not overlook the sesame and lose the watermelon", "Harmony makes wealth", "Honesty makes money"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4756, "answer": 2, "text": "Teaching monitoring ability means that in order to ensure the success of teaching and achieve the expected goals, teachers use teaching activities as consciousness objects throughout the teaching process, and continue to make adjustments actively in plan, inspect, evaluate, feedback and control", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is not a manifestation of teaching monitoring ability?", "options": ["Reflection after class", "Classroom control and regulation", "A serious talk with the students", "Planning and preparation before class"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6571, "answer": 1, "text": "Appreciation activity is not only a re-creation of the artistic image created by the artist, but also a re-evaluation of the life that the artist has evaluated in his works. Only after re-evaluation can appreciators draw their own conclusions about the social significance of the works of art and receive education from them.", "question": "According to the above conclusion, which of the following options is the explanation of recreation?", "options": ["The imagination and experience of the appreciator on the basis of feeling", "The process of transforming an image in a work into an image in one's own mind", "The appreciator discovers or excavates the ideological content of the artistic image", "A process in which the appreciator replenishes and even changes the image in his mind"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14103, "answer": 3, "text": "Albumin, one element of blood plasma, is an effective substitute for plasma in treating or preventing shock, the collapse of blood vessels due to a drop in the liquid volume of the bloodstream. Injected into the bloodstream, albumin absorbs enough liquid from surrounding tissues to keep the blood vessels open. It has an advantage over plasma because it can be made available for emergencies while taking up a fraction of the shipping and storage space of plasma.", "question": "Of the following, which one best illustrates the principle illustrated by the stated advantage of using albumin as a substitute for plasma?", "options": ["A newspaper can increase advertising revenue without increasing its bulk or weight if it is printed in a smaller format.", "Hardbound books can be a better choice than paperbacks despite their extra bulk if the books need to be more durable than paperbacks.", "An advantage that compact discs have over vinyl records is that they are also used for storing information for computers, so advances in computer disc technology will probably apply to compact discs used for music.", "Dehydrated foods have much the same food value as ordinary foods and are more convenient for hikers because they are lighter and take up less space in backpacks."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6228, "answer": 1, "text": "In 1995, two American scholars used a radio telescope with a diameter of 26 meters to look for unknown signals emitted from the depths of the vast universe. However, so far, no radio source with the characteristics of received signals has been found, and there are no special stars in the direction of these radio waves.", "question": "Which of the following does the sentence no radio source with the characteristics of received signals mean?", "options": ["It is not sure that if the received signal has a radio source.", "The signal has been received, but its electric wave source cannot be determined.", "It is not certain that the source of the radio wave has received the signal.", "The signal has been received, but the characteristics of the radio wave source have not been found."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9195, "answer": 2, "text": "My running ability has never been very strong, but since I used X brand running shoes, my running performance has improved greatly. Now I can run faster and farther, and my muscles are less sore after the run. Runner magazine also said that X-brand running shoes are the best-selling shoes on the market. Therefore, all people who want to improve their running performance should buy X-brand running shoes.", "question": "Which of the following options does not lead to a more reasonable conclusion from the above than the conclusion drawn by me?", "options": ["People who don't buy X brand running shoes are those who don't want to improve their running performance.", "Runners who are similar to I should buy X-brand running shoes.", "If you buy X brand running shoes, they will make you run faster and farther.", "If the runner is not satisfied with the current running shoes, he is advised to buy X brand running shoes."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13378, "answer": 1, "text": "Nutritionists believe that a person' s daily requirement for vitamins can readily be met by eating five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. However, most people eat far less than this. Thus, most people need to take vitamin pills.", "question": "Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Fruits and vegetables are also important sources of fiber, in forms not found in vitamin pills.", "Many commonly consumed foods that are neither fruits nor vegetables are fortified by manufacturers with the vitamins found in fruits and vegetables.", "Certain commonly available fruits and vegetables contain considerably more nutrients than others.", "Nutritionists sometimes disagree on how much of a fruit or vegetable constitutes a complete serving."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14609, "answer": 3, "text": "Many scholars claim that Shakespeare' s portrayal of Richard III was extremely inaccurate, arguing that he derived that portrayal from propagandists opposed to Richard III. But these claims are irrelevant for appreciating Shakespeare' s work. The character of Richard III as portrayed in Shakespeare' s drama is fascinating and illuminating both aesthetically and morally, regardless of its relation to historical fact.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument above?", "options": ["History is always told by propagandists from the winning side.", "Shakespeare's historical importance puts him beyond the scope of all literary criticism.", "In dealing with real people, dramatists should reflect their lives accurately.", "In historical drama, the aesthetic value of the work is not necessarily undermined by historical inaccuracies."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14985, "answer": 1, "text": "If the city starts requiring residents to sort the materials that they put out for recycling, then many residents will put more recyclables in with their regular garbage. This will result in more recyclables being buried in the city' s landfill. However, because of the cost of having city workers do the sorting, the sanitation department will not stay within its budget unless the sorting requirement for residents is implemented.", "question": "Which one of the following statements logically follows from the information above?", "options": ["If the city implements the sorting requirement, the sanitation department will stay within its budget.", "The amount of recyclables going to the city's landfill will increase if the sanitation department stays within its budget.", "Most of the city's residents will continue to recycle even if a sorting requirement is implemented.", "Implementing the sorting requirement would not cause the city's annual cost of sending garbage to its landfill to exceed its current annual cost of sorting recyclables."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 47, "answer": 2, "text": "A new type of computer keyboard has been introduced on the market. The new type of keyboard has the three most characteristics that traditional keyboards do not have, that is, the most commonly used keys are designed at the position closest to the most flexible fingers. The new type of keyboard can greatly improve typing speed and reduce error rate. Therefore, replacing the traditional keyboard with a new keyboard can quickly improve the efficiency of the relevant departments.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would weaken the above argument most?", "options": [" The most flexible fingers of some keyboard users are different from ordinary people", " The most commonly used keys in traditional keyboards are not designed at the farthest part from the most flexible fingers", " The more efficient one can use the traditional keyboard, the less proficient one can use the new keyboard in the short term", " The price of the new keyboard is higher than that of the traditional keyboard"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14412, "answer": 1, "text": "Grammarians have for years condemned as ungrammatical the English phrase between you and I, insisting that the correct phrasing is between you and me, with the objective case after a preposition. Such condemnations, however, are obviously unfounded, because Shakespeare himself, in The Merchant of Venice, wrote, All debts are cleared between you and I. ", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?", "options": ["The more modern an English word or phrase, the less likely that modern grammarians will consider it acceptable for formal usage.", "In his plays, Shakespeare intentionally had some of his characters use phrases he considered ungrammatical.", "The phrase between you and I appears infrequently in Shakespeare's writings.", "Most native speakers of English who choose to say between you and I do so because they know that Shakespeare used that phrase."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15091, "answer": 1, "text": "Crimes in which handguns are used are more likely than other crimes to result in fatalities. However, the majority of crimes in which handguns are used do not result in fatalities. Ttherefore, there is no need to enact laws that address crimes involving handguns as distinct from other crimes.", "question": "The pattern of flawed reasoning displayed in the argument above most closely resembles that in which one of the following?", "options": ["Most physicians recommend a balanced diet for those who want to remain in good health. Yet many people find that nontraditional dietary regimens such as extended fasting do their health no serious harm. Ttherefore, there is no need for everyone to avoid nontraditional dietary regimens.", "Overweight people are at higher risk of developing heart disease than other people. However, more than half of all overweight people never develop heart disease. Hence it is unnecessary for physicians to be more careful to emphasize the danger of heart disease to their overweight patients than to their other patients.", "Many people swim daily in order to stay physically fit. Yet people who swim daily increase their risk of developing ear infections. Hence people who want to remain in good health are better off not following fitness programs that include swimming daily.", "Foods rich in cholesterol and fat pose a serious health threat to most people. However, many people are reluctant to give up eating foods that they greatly enjoy. Ttherefore, people who refuse to give up rich foods need to spend more time exercising than do other people."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2157, "answer": 3, "text": "The pigments are mainly anthocyanins and other phenolic substances, their colors constitute the color of the wine and bring their own aroma and delicate taste to the wine. The color of aged wine mainly comes from tannins. Tannins not only contribute to the color of the wine, but also act on the mouth to create a sense of bitterness, thus promoting people's appetite. The tannin content is too high, the bitter taste is heavy and the wine is rough; if the tannin content is too low, the wine is weak and light. In addition, tannins can also mask the sour taste, so red wine is obviously less sour than white wine because of its rich tannins.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["Aged wine boosts appetite and its color comes from tannins", "For a wine with a bitter and rough taste, there must be too much tannin here", "The tannin content in the weak and light wine is bound to be too low", "Tannins can affect the color of wine and the taste and appetite of drinkers"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14695, "answer": 3, "text": "Certain groups of Asian snails include both left-handed and right-handed species, with shells coiling to the left and right, respectively. Some left-handed species have evolved from right-handed ones. Also, researchers found that snaileating snakes in the same habitat have asymmetrical jaws, allowing them to grasp right-handed snail shells more easily. If these snakes ate more right-handed snails over time, this would have given left-handed snails an evolutionary advantage over right-handed snails, with the left handed snails eventually becoming a new species. Thus, the snakes' asymmetrical jaws probably helped drive the emergence of the left-handed snail species.", "question": "Which of the following would, if true, most strengthen the argument that asymmetrical snake jaws helped drive left-handed snail evolution?", "options": ["Anatomical differences prevent left-handed snails from mating easily with right-handed snails.", "Some right-handed snails in this habitat have shells with a very narrow opening that helps prevent snakes from extracting the snails from inside their shells.", "In one snake species, the snakes with asymmetrical jaws eat snails, while the snakes with symmetrical jaws do not eat snails.", "Experiments show that the snail-eating snakes in this habitat fail more often in trying to eat left-handed snails than in trying to eat right-handed snails."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14847, "answer": 3, "text": "Asthma, a chronic breathing disorder, is significantly more common today among adult competitive swimmers than it is among competitive athletes who specialize in other sports. Although chlorine is now known to be a lung irritant and swimming pool water is generally chlorinated, it would be rash to assume that frequent exposure to chlorine is the explanation of the high incidence of asthma among these swimmers, since __ .", "question": "Which of the following most logically completes the argument given?", "options": ["young people who have asthma are no more likely to become competitive athletes than are young people who do not have asthma", "many people have asthma without knowing they have it and thus are not diagnosed with the condition until they begin engaging in very strenuous activities, such as competitive athletics", "competitive athletes who specialize in sports other than swimming are rarely exposed to chlorine", "until a few years ago, physicians routinely recommended competitive swimming to children with asthma, in the belief that this form of exercise could alleviate asthma symptoms"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10769, "answer": 2, "text": "Political theorist: The vast majority of countries that have a single political party have corrupt national governments, but some countries with a plurality of parties also have corrupt national governments. What all countries with corrupt national governments have in common, however, is the weakness of local governments.", "question": "If all of the political theorist's statements are true, which one of the following must also be true?", "options": ["Fewer multiparty countries than single-party countries have weak local governments.", "The majority of countries with weak local governments have a single political party.", "Some countries with weak local governments have a plurality of political parties.", "Some countries with weak local governments do not have corrupt national governments."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5991, "answer": 3, "text": "There is now a view that with the popularity of credit cards and the development of mobile payments in recent years, coins will inevitably fade out of the circulating market quickly.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best refutes the above argument?", "options": ["Coins of different countries are miniature reliefs carved with local historical, cultural and custom symbols, which are of high collection value.", "The same prediction was made about the fate of coins when bank savings cards began to emerge, but coins never faded out of circulating market.", "The coin itself has a low face value, but it is this Worthlessquality that makes it an important currency in retail and other areas.", "At present, some vending machines and other devices that play an important role in life still only support coin payments and these devices will not be updated in recent years."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13236, "answer": 0, "text": "When Cortez arrived in Mexico in A. D. 1519, he observed the inhabitants playing a ceremonial game with a rubber ball. The pre-Columbian inhabitants of Mexico began to use rubber around A. D. 1000. Thus, we can be sure that the game must have originated sometime between approximately A. D. 1000 and Cortez' arrival.", "question": "The conclusion reached above depends on which one of the following assumptions?", "options": ["The game had been played since its inception with a rubber ball.", "The making of rubber balls was one of the earliest uses of rubber by the inhabitants of Mexico.", "The pre-Columbian inhabitants of Mexico played games on all ceremonial occasions.", "The ceremonial game referred to was popular throughout Mexico."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10016, "answer": 3, "text": "Some good things are not cheap. Therefore, not all cheap things are good things.", "question": "Which of the following options is not valid for the above conclusion?", "options": ["Not all people in Hunan like to eat pepper. Therefore, some people who like to eat pepper are not from Hunan", "Some people are not selfish. Therefore, people are not all selfish", "A good motive does not necessarily have a good effect. Therefore, good results do not necessarily come from good motivation", "Some southerners are not Cantonese. Therefore, not all Cantonese are southerners"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9765, "answer": 3, "text": "Surveys show that in China, men are increasingly buying and using skin care products such as facial cleansers and toners, as well as cosmetics such as concealer or BB cream. At the promotion meeting of a large shopping mall, all the cosmetics on display are for men, and the shopping guides are all men with exquisite makeup. Within one hour of the Double Eleven in 2019, the transaction volume of male cosmetics by a large e-commerce company reached 44 times that of the same period of the previous year. The rapid growth of China's male cosmetics market is a reflection of consumer demand.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["More and more young Chinese men are starting to use cosmetics", "Diversified consumption concepts lead Chinese men to like makeup", "Male makeup fashion is spreading rapidly through social media", "More and more Chinese men are buying and using cosmetics"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8409, "answer": 0, "text": "In 1990, the incidence of bone fractures was very high among people over 70 years old in W city, and at the same time, the mortality rate of people over 70 years old was also very high, so it can be known that the high incidence of bone fractures led to an increase in mortality among people over 70 years old.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, most weakens the above argument?", "options": ["In 1990, W City was experiencing war.", "Many people over 70 years old in W city are living alone.", "In the following ten years, the bone fracture rate and mortality rate of people over 70 years old in W City have been very high.", "The incidence of bone fracture in people aged 60 to 65 in W city is twice as high as that in people over 70 years old."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10786, "answer": 3, "text": "A reason Larson cannot do the assignment is that she has an unavoidable scheduling conflict. On the other hand, a reason Franks cannot do the assignment is that he does not quite have the assertiveness the task requires. So, the task must be assigned to Parker, the only supervisor in the shipping department other than Larson and Franks.", "question": "The argument depends on assuming which one of the following?", "options": ["Franks would be assigned the task if Franks had the assertiveness the task requires.", "Larson has the assertiveness the task requires.", "The task cannot be assigned to anyone who has any kind of scheduling conflict.", "The task cannot be assigned to anyone other than a supervisor in the shipping department."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12553, "answer": 3, "text": "Curator: If our museum lends Venus to the Hart Institute for their show this spring, they will lend us their Rembrandt etchings for our print exhibition next fall. Having those etchings will increase attendance to the exhibition and hence increase revenue from our general admission fee. Museum Administrator: But Venus is our biggest attraction. Moreover the Hart's show will run for twice as long as our exhibition. So on balance the number of patrons may decrease.", "question": "The point of the administrator's response to the curator is to question", "options": ["whether, if Venus is lent, the museum's revenue from general admission fees during the print exhibition will exceed its revenue from general admission fees during the Hart Institute's exhibition", "whether getting the Rembrandt etchings from the Hart Institute is likely to increase attendance at the print exhibition", "whether the Hart Institute or the curator's museum will have the greater financial gain from the proposed exchange of artworks", "whether the number of patrons attracted by the Hart Institute's Rembrandt etchings will be larger than the number of patrons who do not come in the spring because Venus is on loan"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3826, "answer": 3, "text": "Traditional social moral education in my country has always emphasized obedience and obligation. If what is required under the traditional society and planned economy system is to perform obligations and obey the common people, then modern society and the market economy require everyone to actively participate in the public Live, citizens who dare to own power.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["The primary goal of education in the new era is to cultivate students' civic awareness and improve the quality of citizens", "Facts have proved that traditional obedience and compulsory education are not suitable for modern society", "The traditional moral education is in conflict with the moral education of the new era", "Modern society and market economy require citizens to participate more in public life and public affairs"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1612, "answer": 1, "text": "A market research company compared the expenditure of family children's education and cultivation in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou, and found that the expenditure level paid by families to schools for children's education in the three places was the lowest in Beijing. In terms of other education expenditure, the expenditure level of families in Shanghai is significantly lower. On the overall level, the pocket money obtained by children in Shanghai and the living expenses borne by their parents are also lower than those in Beijing.", "question": "Which of the following information about Guangzhou families is correct?", "options": ["The allowance for children is less than that in Beijing.", "The overall level of expenditure on children's education is higher than that in Shanghai.", "The level of expenditure on other education is between Beijing and Shanghai.", "The level of fees paid to schools for their children's education is between Beijing and Shanghai."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 513, "answer": 2, "text": "Projective identity refers to a behavior pattern in which a person induces others to respond in an established way, which is reflected in interpersonal relationships. It is often that A projects the good or bad object in his heart onto B and thinks that B is good or bad. And B accepts this projection fantasy, so he treats A in the way envisaged by A, Then A further verified his hypothesis and thought that B was the person he thought.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is projective identity?", "options": ["Poor families can also cultivate talented people.", "Only a strict teacher can teach strong students.", "An outstanding father can naturally raise excellent children.", "A kind mother often cultivates children who are not sensible."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3219, "answer": 0, "text": "The production line of a factory will discharge a large amount of waste, resulting in air pollution. In order to force the factory to change the production process and reduce pollution, local residents decided to boycott the fluorescent lamp, the product with the largest sales volume of the factory, because residents believe that boycotting the product with the largest sales volume can reduce the profits of the factory to the greatest extent.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most questions the above inference?", "options": ["The boycott only considers the sales volume of products and cannot infer their corresponding profits.", "The boycott did not consider information such as possible ways for the factory to change its production process.", "The boycott did not address other methods that could make the factory change its production process.", "It takes a long time for residents to achieve their goals through boycott."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10749, "answer": 0, "text": "Manager: The only employees who should receive bonuses this year are those who were exceptionally productive over the past year. Liang is an excellent account executive, but she works in a corporate division that has failed to meet its productivity goals for the year. Thus Liang should not receive a bonus this year.", "question": "The reasoning in the manager 's argument is flawed in that the argument", "options": ["reaches a conclusion about the performance of one member of a group merely on the basis of the performance of the group as a whole", "takes for granted that an employee who has an unproductive year will not be exceptionally productive in subsequent years", "overlooks the possibility that a corporation as a whole can have a profitable year even though one division of the corporation does not", "fails to justify its use of one group's performance as the basis for a conclusion about a wholly different group"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1162, "answer": 2, "text": "As a force, cultural power is not a force of direct effect, and its manifestation must be through certain genres or media, either enduring people's ideas or spiritual ideas, or materialized in certain material or spiritual products, and cultural power really exists only through spiritual or material carriers, that is to say, cultural power is not an immediate and obvious force. It is impossible for people to control and control things at will, which is one of the root reasons why people's understanding of cultural power has been very vague for thousands of years.", "question": "Which of the following is expressed by the author in this passage?", "options": ["It shows that cultural power is a kind of soft power", "It shows that the expression of cultural power is various", "The interpretation of cultural power is dependent in nature", "Explain why people do not have a clear understanding of cultural power"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2468, "answer": 1, "text": "Some people are not bad people, so some bad people are not people.", "question": "Which of the following reasonings has the same structure as the above reasoning?", "options": ["Some bargains are not good, so some bargains are good.", "Some bargains are not fakes, so some fakes are not bargains.", "All goods are valuable, therefore, all valuable are goods.", "Some inventors are self-taught, so some self-taught are inventors."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1465, "answer": 3, "text": "Liu Jiang, director of the Index research office of the Development research Center of the State Post Bureau, said that from January to April, the volume of express delivery business was 17.07 billion pieces, up 24.8% year on year, more than three times the growth rate of the service industry production index in the same period, leading the modern service industry. In the first four months of this year, the total business revenue of China's express delivery service enterprises reached 213.54 billion yuan, up 22.8% year on year. The average daily express processing capacity of the industry reaches 160 million pieces, and the highest is 180 million pieces. The monthly express business volume is close to 5 billion pieces.", "question": "Which of the following would be a good title for an article?", "options": ["Express industry, run out of acceleration", "Rural express delivery is growing rapidly", "Express delivery should make up for weaknesses", "High order operation of express delivery"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9552, "answer": 1, "text": "With the continuous expansion of the scale of higher education, the competition is also intensifying. The competition among colleges and universities is an eternal theme. And the most concentrated competition is the competition of students. It is a competitive strategy for universities to offer characteristic and professional programs. At present, domestic colleges and universities are competing to offer a variety of major, minor and certificate courses. On this basis, personalized professional setting, as a unique way of training undergraduate talents, has become a unique goal to open up a new channel and effectively enhance the attractiveness and competitiveness of the school.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most appropriate summary of the text?", "options": ["The competition in higher education is mainly manifested in how to help students achieve the goals they have set.", "Individualization of Specialty setting is an effective way to enhance the attraction and Competitiveness of Colleges and Universities.", "Individuated specialty setting is a commonly adopted way in the competition of students among colleges and universities.", "The unique talent training plan is a powerful weapon in the competition of various colleges and universities."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3495, "answer": 2, "text": "Intellectual Property: It is a general term for economic and spiritual rights based on the fruits of creative intellectual labor produced by people in the fields of science, technology, culture and art.", "question": "Which of the following not intellectual property rights?", "options": ["Trademark rights", "patent rights", "Portrait rights", "Copyright rights"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1038, "answer": 0, "text": "Social barrier refers to the trade protection measures taken by a country in international trade on the pretext of the working environment and the right to live of workers from other countries.", "question": "Which of the following options is social barrier?", "options": ["Country A cancelled its trade order with Country B because of the serious problem of agricultural employment.", "Country A stopped the trade when it found excessive levels of a heavy metal in milk powder imported from Country B.", "Country A was affected by the economic crisis and A large number of domestic workers lost their jobs. In order to create employment opportunities for workers, the government of country A stopped the import trade with other countries.", "Country A thinks that the quality of the automobile manufacturing workers in Country B is low, which will affect the safety of automobiles, so it cancels the order of importing automobiles from Country B."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13474, "answer": 0, "text": "Last year a global disturbance of weather patterns disrupted harvests in many of the world's important agricultural areas. Worldwide production of soybeans, an important source of protein for people and livestock alike, was not adversely affected, however. Indeed, last year's soybean crop was actually slightly larger than average. Nevertheless, the weather phenomenon is probably responsible for a recent increase in the world price of soybeans.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the attribution of the increase in soybean prices to the weather phenomenon?", "options": ["Last year's harvest of anchovies, which provide an important protein source for livestock, was disrupted by the effects of the weather phenomenon.", "The world price of soybeans also rose several years ago, immediately after an earlier occurrence of a similar global weather disturbance.", "Most countries that produce soybeans for export had above-average harvests of a number of food crops other than soybeans last year.", "Heavy rains attributable to the weather phenomenon improved grazing pastures last year, allowing farmers in many parts of the world to reduce their dependence on supplemental feed."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1336, "answer": 3, "text": "Lithium-ion battery is a very important energy storage technology, which is widely used in portable electronic devices and new energy vehicles. With the advent of the era of electric vehicles and smart grid, the large-scale development of lithium-ion battery is restricted by the bottleneck of lithium resource shortage. Compared with lithium, sodium has rich reserves, wide distribution, low cost, and similar physical and chemical properties to lithium. Therefore, the research of sodium ion battery has attracted extensive attention in scientific research and industry again. Compared with lithium-ion battery, sodium ion battery usually has low energy density. Although it is not suitable for the field of portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles with high demand for energy density, it is suitable for low-speed electric vehicles and communication base stations with low energy density and cost sensitivity, household energy storage and other fields.", "question": "Which of the following matches the meaning of this passage?", "options": ["In terms of economic benefits, sodium ion batteries are more affordable than lithium-ion batteries.", "The expensive cost of lithium-ion battery is the bottleneck of its development.", "The application range of sodium ion battery is wider than that of lithium-ion battery.", "Lithium-ion batteries will not be completely replaced by sodium ion batteries."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5242, "answer": 2, "text": "Violent charity that acquires its own satisfaction at the expense of the dignity of the recipient. Violent charity is a generalization of the high-profile way of doing good deeds.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings does not belong to violent charity?", "options": ["Send cash red envelopes to nursing homes in a high profile", "Bow to each recipient and give cash red envelopes", "The leaders of the company ordered the employees to lose money", "Use a huge amount of donation cash to build a RMB wall and display it"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2429, "answer": 3, "text": "If Xiao Zhao goes on a trip, then Xiao Qian, Xiao Sun and Xiao Li will go together.", "question": "If the above assertion is true, which of the following options is also true?", "options": ["If Xiao Zhao didn't travel, at least one of Xiao Qian, Xiao Sun and Xiao Li didn't go.", "If Xiao Zhao didn't travel, then Xiao Qian, Xiao Sun and Xiao Li didn't go.", "If Xiao Qian, Xiao Sun and Xiao Li all go on a trip, so will Xiao Zhao.", "If Xiao Sun didn't travel, then Xiao Zhao and Xiao Li wouldn't both go."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13152, "answer": 2, "text": "Copyright statutes benefit society by providing incentive to produce original works, so some kind of copyright statute is ultimately justified. But these statutes also represent a significant cost to society because they create protected monopolies. In many countries, copyright statutes grant copyright protection for the life of the author plus several decades. This is too long, since the societal benefit from the additional years of copyright is more than offset by the societal cost.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the reasoning in the argument?", "options": ["A statute should not limit rights unless it can be shown that it thereby enhances other rights.", "A statute should be written in a way that eliminates any appearance of its being inconsistent in its aims.", "If a statute is to be justified by its benefit to society, it should be designed so that its societal benefit always exceeds its societal cost.", "A statute should be repealed if the conditions that originally justified enacting the statute no longer hold true."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12900, "answer": 3, "text": "Although aspirin has been proven to eliminate moderate fever associated with some illnesses, many doctors no longer routinely recommend its use for this purpose. A moderate fever stimulates the activity of the body's disease-fighting white blood cells and also inhibits the growth of many strains of disease-causing bacteria.", "question": "If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them?", "options": ["The more white blood cells a patient's body produces, the less severe the patient's illness will be.", "Aspirin, an effective painkiller, alleviates the pain and discomfort of many illnesses.", "Aspirin inhibits the growth of white blood cells, which are necessary for fighting some illnesses.", "Aspirin can prolong a patient's illness by eliminating moderate fever helpful in fighting some diseases."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10869, "answer": 0, "text": "In the last election, 89 percent of reporters voted for the incumbent. The content of news programs reveals that reporters allowed the personal biases reflected in this voting pattern to affect their news coverage: 54 percent of coverage concerning the challenger was negative, compared with only 30 percent of that concerning the incumbent.", "question": "The argument is logically most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it", "options": ["ignores the possibility that there was more negative news worthy of reporting concerning the challenger than there was concerning the incumbent", "ignores the possibility that reporters generally fear losing access to incumbents more than they fear losing access to challengers", "ignores the possibility that the electorate's voting behavior is not significantly affected by the content of coverage of candidates", "presumes, without providing justification, that both candidates received equal amounts of coverage overall"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13044, "answer": 2, "text": "After several attempts to distract his young parrot from chewing on furniture, George reluctantly took an expert' s advice and gently hit the parrot' s beak whenever the bird started to chew furniture. The bird stopped chewing furniture, but it is now afraid of hands and will sometimes bite. Since chewing on the furniture would not have hurt the bird, George should not have hit it. When Carla' s puppy escaped from her yard, it bounded into a busy street. Although Carla does not generally approve of physical discipline, she hit the puppy sharply with her hand. Now the puppy enters the street only when accompanied by Carla, so Carla was justified in disciplining the puppy.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if established, would justify the judgments about George's and Carla's actions?", "options": ["When disciplining an animal physically, a trainer should use an object such as a rolled up newspaper to avoid making the animal frightened of hands.", "Physical discipline should not be used by an animal trainer except to correct persistent behavior problems.", "When training an animal, physical discipline should be used only when such discipline is necessary to correct behavior that could result in serious harm to the animal.", "Using physical discipline to train an animal is justified only when all alternative strategies for correcting undesirable behavior have failed."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7205, "answer": 3, "text": "Karma relationship refers to the interpersonal relationship formed by the needs of occupation or industry activities.", "question": "According to the above definition, which one of the followings belongs to Karma relationship?", "options": ["Mr. Zhang and Mr. Li both like playing chess. They make friends because they often go to the elderly cultural activity room to play and watch chess.", "Xiao Xie is from Zhejiang and Xiao Xing is from Anhui. They know each other because they live in a dormitory in college.", "On a business trip, Mr. Liu and Mr. Feng were like-minded on the train and became close friends at first sight.", "Mr. Huang is a salesman of the company. Because he often worked in Hongyuan company, he got to know Hongyuan manager Mr. He over time."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12139, "answer": 0, "text": "Half of the subjects in an experiment-the experimental group-consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects-the control group who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener' s principal constituents.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?", "options": ["The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.", "A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener.", "The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.", "Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6484, "answer": 0, "text": "The development of history is not independent, it is an organism. Just like a person, from youth to old age, there is something consistent in his body, not to say that everything has to be done from scratch at a stage. Such basic morals as filial piety, honesty and trustworthiness can exist beyond ideology. I call it human gene. It is not only inherited, but also inherited to some extent.", "question": "Which of the following options is incorrect?", "options": ["The development of history is like an organism that can transcend ideology.", "The so-called humanistic gene mainly refers to those basic morals that can exist beyond ideology.", "Morality such as filial piety, honesty and trustworthiness can be inherited or even inherited.", "The development of history is inseparable from the consistent thing of human genes."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 57, "answer": 1, "text": "Intuitive thinking: It is a way of thinking that the human brain can quickly understand and make judgments about new problems, new things and new phenomena that suddenly appear.", "question": "Which of the following is not a kind of intuitive thinking?", "options": [" Ancient Greek scholar Archimedes discovered the law of buoyancy while bathing in a bathtub", " Take a problem as a center, and point your thinking towards this center from different directions and different angles", " People got inspiration from the composition of insect eyes and developed many advanced night vision weapons", " Darwin realized the theory of natural selection while reading Malthusian population theory"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9763, "answer": 1, "text": "Harmonious management is an organization's practice in order to achieve its goals, in a changing environment, around the harmonious theme elements such as society, market, government and employees, with optimization and uncertainty reduction as a means of harmony to provide solutions to problems.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is a harmonious management?", "options": ["In order to gain an advantage in bidding for government projects, Company A specially established a public relations department to engage in relations with the government", "In order to control the environmental pollution caused by production, enterprise C has established a special fund for long-term maintenance", "In order to let the product win the market, Company B spends huge sums of money to get celebrity endorsements", "In order to strengthen the company's wolf culture, D often makes employees work overtime"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11183, "answer": 0, "text": "In seventeenth-century France, many remunerative government positions in the provinces were sold by the king and then passed from father to son. Historians have concluded that this system was more effective than a purely meritocratic system in ensuring not only that most of the officials were competent, but that they were more sympathetic to the local people than to the king.", "question": "Each of the following, if true of seventeenth-century France, helps to support the historians' conclusion EXCEPT:", "options": ["To raise revenues, new offices were often created and sold by the king.", "Most government officials had close ties to the people in the provinces in which they held their positions.", "It was difficult for the king to oust a disloyal government official from an inherited office.", "Government officials often received financial gratuities from local merchants."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5731, "answer": 2, "text": "Recently, some foreign scholars and media have more concentrated reflections and criticisms on the Western democratic system, pointing out that Western democracy is declining. In this regard, some scholars believe that one of the reasons for the decline of Western democracy is its genetic defects. Western democracy is the establishment based on a hypothetical premise that rights are absolute. That is to say, rights and obligations are relative, but in the Western democratic model, the absoluteization of rights has become the mainstream, all kinds of rights are absolute, and individualism is supreme, and lack of social responsibility.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would best support the scholar's point of view?", "options": ["The preference of Western democracies for the absoluteization of rights has led to the neglect of the rights of others and the living environment.", "Rights are limited, and beyond the limits of rights, they may lead to abuse of rights.", "The two parties in the United States often put their rights above the national interests and veto each other, jeopardizing the interests of the country and citizens.", "The procedural omnipotence theory has led to the gamification of Western democratic systems, and democracy has been reduced to election procedures."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8159, "answer": 0, "text": "The gold standard rule means that in terms of brand positioning and advertising performance, set up a statement for the brand that can make it better than similar brands, thus reflecting that the brand is superior and superior. The contents of the gold standard rule can be as follows: emphasize leadership and professionalism; highlight the superior quality of products; establish scientific rules of use; highlight the advanced nature of the brand in technology, technology, etc.; spread the egotistical brand value and image and so on.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not apply the gold standard rule?", "options": ["The slogan of a health product is Cranes dance in Changshan, my heart flies!", "The slogan of a meat brand is The world's leading supplier of meat!", "The slogan of a TV brand is The one that doesn't flash is the best!", "The slogan of a real estate is I am the only choice in your life!"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12110, "answer": 0, "text": "Magazine article: Sugar consumption may exacerbate attention deficit disorder (ADD) in children. A recent study found that children produce large amounts of adrenaline within hours after consuming large amounts of sugar. This increase in adrenaline is especially noticeable if the source of sugar is candy, in which case the sugar' s effects are not ameliorated by the ingestion of other foodstuffs.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument in the magazine article depends?", "options": ["Increased adrenaline production can make ADD more severe in children.", "Sugar consumed with food substances other than candy does not substantially increase the level of adrenaline in the bloodstream of children with ADD.", "The adrenaline level of children who do not have ADD is not increased by excessive sugar consumption.", "The most effective way to treat ADD in children is to restrict their intake of sugars."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6111, "answer": 3, "text": "In Ankole, hima people who live on animal husbandry and IRU people who live on agricultural sanitation live together; In Arizona, the Navajo people used to live by hunting and gathering. Now they are mainly animal husbandry. They are adjacent to the Hopi people who operate agriculture; The southeast coast of Australia used to be inhabited by Aboriginal people who hunted and plundered food, but now there are Europeans engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry and industry.", "question": "The author lists these facts to illustrate that?", "options": ["The environment forces people to accept a certain way of life", "People have strong adaptability to the natural environment", "It is entirely possible for ethnic groups of different cultures to live in harmony", "Geographical environment is not the decisive factor of human production mode"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9974, "answer": 3, "text": "With the rapid development of the Internet, it has become a reality to buy your favorite goods without leaving home. Even in countries and regions with a low level of economic development, people can meet their pursuit of material life through online shopping.", "question": "Which of the followings best questions the above point of view?", "options": ["With the growth of online shopping sales, related taxes and fees will also increase", "Even in the era when there is no Internet, people can still buy the goods they want through brick-and-mortar stores", "The display of goods on the Internet can not fully reflect the real situation", "People's satisfaction with the pursuit of material life only depends on the level of economic development of the region"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7139, "answer": 1, "text": "All senior students majoring in criminal investigation become policemen after graduation. Some policemen are party members, and senior students majoring in criminal investigation are not policemen.", "question": "From the above information, which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["Some party members are college graduates majoring in criminal investigation.", "Some party members are not senior students majoring in criminal investigation.", "Some senior students majoring in criminal investigation are party members.", "Some senior students majoring in criminal investigation are not party members."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10834, "answer": 0, "text": "A study of guppy fish shows that a male guppy will alter its courting patterns in response to feedback from a female guppy. Males with more orange on one side than the other were free to vary which side they showed to a female. Females were drawn to those males with more orange showing, and males tended to show the females their more orange side when courting.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument?", "options": ["When a model of a female guppy was substituted for the female guppy, male guppies still courted, but were not more likely to show their side with more orange.", "Female guppies have little if any orange coloring on their sides.", "In many other species females show a preference for symmetry of coloring rather than quantity of coloring.", "No studies have been done on whether male guppies with more orange coloring father more offspring than those with less orange coloring."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 467, "answer": 1, "text": "Relevant studies have shown that mobile phones are more harmful than computers. Because of the small screen of it, people are more focused when playing mobile phones, so it hurts the eyes even more. When using computers, people's limbs can move, but people who addicted to playing with mobile phones often have little activity, which is more detrimental to their physical and mental health.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, weakens the above view most?", "options": ["When the computer is in use, the display will emit electromagnetic and ionizing radiation.", "The background light of the computer is more likely to cause the user's vision loss and headaches than the mobile phone.", "Scientific research shows that the use of mobile phones has nothing to do with the incidence of brain tumors and cancer.", "People who use computers for a long time are prone to computer diseases such as mouse hands and cervical spondylosis."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14282, "answer": 1, "text": "Historian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. <b> Village census records for the last half of the 1600' s are remarkably complete </b>. This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures. Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village' s population from government census takers would have been easy. Ttherefore, it is reasonable to think that the <b> reported declines did not happen </b>.", "question": "In the historian's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?", "options": ["The first is a position for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption that serves as the basis of that argument.", "The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is that position.", "The first presents evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.", "The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain position; the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that assumption into question."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12812, "answer": 2, "text": "A moderately large city is redesigning its central downtown area and is considering a plan that would reduce the number of lanes for automobiles and trucks and increase those for bicycles and pedestrians. The intent is to attract more workers and shoppers to downtown businesses by making downtown easier to reach and more pleasant to move around in.", "question": "Which of the following would, if true, most strongly support the prediction that the plan would achieve its goal?", "options": ["Most people who prefer to shop at suburban malls instead of downtown urban areas do so because parking is easier and cheaper at the former.", "If the proposed lane restrictions on drivers are rigorously enforced, more people will likely be attracted to downtown businesses than would otherwise be.", "In other moderately sized cities where measures were taken to make downtowns more accessible for walkers and cyclists, downtown businesses began to thrive.", "People who make a habit of walking or bicycling whenever feasible derive significant health benefits from doing so."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8880, "answer": 0, "text": "The report on the results of an important experiment was controversial and the experiment was repeated under the guidance of a scientist, but did not get the same results as the original experiment; the scientist thus concluded that the initial experimental results were caused by the wrong method of measurement.", "question": "Which of the following options is the hypothesis reasoned by the scientist?", "options": ["If the result of the first experiment is correct, then the same result should be obtained when the experiment is carried out under the same conditions.", "Since the initial experiment was not recorded in sufficient detail, it is unlikely to be completely repeated.", "Repeated experiments do not lead to problematic results as in the original experiments due to the wrong method of measurement.", "The results of the initial experiment called into question a theoretical principle, but the basis of the principle itself is not sufficient."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14520, "answer": 0, "text": "In the nation of Partoria, large trucks currently account for 6 percent of miles driven on Partoria' s roads but are involved in 12 percent of all highway fatalities. The very largest trucks-those with three trailers-had less than a third of the accident rate of single- and double-trailer trucks. Clearly, ttherefore, one way for Partoria to reduce highway deaths would be to require shippers to increase their use of triple-trailer trucks.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["So far only the best, most experienced drivers for Partorian trucking companies have been driving triple-trailer trucks.", "Very few fatal collisions involving trucks in Partoria are collisions between two trucks.", "In Partoria, the maximum legal payload of a triple-trailer truck is less than three times the maximum legal payload of the largest of the single-trailer trucks.", "In Partoria, the safety record of the trucking industry as a whole has improved slightly over the past ten years."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 70, "answer": 1, "text": "The Long Tail Effect is a new theory that has emerged in the Internet age and was proposed by the American Chris Anderson. The Long Tail Effect believes that because of cost and efficiency factors, people can only pay attention to important people or things in the past. If we use normal distribution curve to depict these people or things, people can only pay attention to the head of the curve and ignore the people or things at the tail of the curve, which requires more effort and cost to notice", "question": "Which of the following situations adopt the Long Tail Effect and pay attention to the tail?", "options": [" Although the economic power of the big hit is not as good as it was in the past, we still focus on it absolutely", " Merchants believe that listeners have unlimited demand for non-popular music, and the market is extremely huge, and should be paid attention to", " Manufacturers focus on those 20% mainstream products that 80% of customers bought, and focus on maintaining the 20% mainstream customers who buy 80% of their products.", " When selling products, manufacturers pay attention to a few VIP customers, and have no time to take care of ordinary consumers who are the majority in number"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7938, "answer": 3, "text": "It is a miracle that a few children can grow up to be independent thinkers, open-minded and knowledgeable after such exam-oriented education.", "question": "Which of the following does not fit the meaning of the passage?", "options": ["Exam-oriented education deprives children of the ability to think independently", "Teaching to the test narrates children's knowledge", "Exam-oriented education narrates children's temperaments", "Praise the excellence of a few children"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2067, "answer": 2, "text": "Liu Yong, the first batch of volunteers for college students to volunteer for the western region, wrote in his diary: there is a kind of job, you don't know the hardship without experience, you don't know the happiness without experiencing it, and you don't know the purity of it without having it.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main expression of this passage?", "options": ["Love is the foundation of happiness.", "The true meaning of happy work.", "Happiness comes from one's sincere devotion to work.", "No matter what kind of work you are engaged in, hardship, difficulty and distress all exist objectively."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3414, "answer": 3, "text": "Although computers have strong functions in many aspects, experiments have shown that in computing addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, operating a computer is not faster and more accurate than using an abacus.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can greatly weaken the persuasiveness of the above experiment?", "options": ["The person operating the computer in the experiment must be a different person from the one using the abacus.", "Abacus users can use pithy phrases.", "Abacus can be used with the help of mental calculation, but the operator of the computer can not.", "Computers do not care about the size of numbers, whereas abacus does not. In the experiment, it was just a small number."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7534, "answer": 3, "text": "Nimby effect: residents' aversion to public facilities that may cause environmental pollution near their homes. Out of health and safety concerns, residents sometimes appear highly emotional collective boycott or even resistance behavior.", "question": "Which of the following is not part of the Nimby effect?", "options": ["A city construction committee held a symposium on the construction of 110 kV substation, local residents refused to attend and repeatedly to the city planning Bureau, the city environmental protection Bureau and other units to petition, strongly opposed to the substation will be built in their own door", "For half a year, residents of a village have flocked to the urban Management Committee every day to petition for the cancellation of plans to build a large garbage transfer station near their village", "The construction of a large sewage treatment plant in an area has met with fierce opposition from local residents as soon as it was revealed", "A hotel plans to expand its parking lot, but after repeated negotiations with nearby residents, it finally gave up its expansion plan"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.