Split (3)

train · 63.7k rows

text stringlengths 127 2.59k
{"id": 4871, "answer": 2, "text": "Adults who drink coffee regularly are 2.5 times more likely to develop heart disease than those who drink less coffee, a study has found. It can be concluded that a substance in coffee can cause heart disease in people.", "question": "Which of the following options best weakens the above conclusions?", "options": ["Coffee contains ingredients that enhance the vitality of the heart", "Drinking coffee during meals can reduce blood lipids", "People at high risk of heart disease are more likely to fall in love with coffee", "Most coffee drinkers are cheerful and like sports"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7922, "answer": 3, "text": "The baby has built up a certain model of the outside world in his mind, a certain view of the outside world. If the model fits the outside world, they are satisfied; If it is not, that is, the desired result does not occur, they feel dissatisfied.", "question": "According to the text, if a baby smiles at a familiar face, what does it mean?", "options": ["He liked the man", "It was a friendly face", "He wanted to consolidate a model in his mind.", "The face corresponded to some expectation in his mind"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 675, "answer": 1, "text": "Negative reinforcement: refers to the occurrence of a behavior. With the removal of stimulation or the reduction of stimulation intensity, the behavior is enhanced,", "question": "Which of the followings belongs to negative reinforcement: ()", "options": ["A woman waiting for a car in the rain held up her umbrella", "Sasha burped at the table, and her mother looked at her angrily at once", "Qin Qin listened carefully in class. The teacher praised her. Qin Qin listened more carefully", "Bicycles are paid by piece, and workers assemble more cars every day"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6446, "answer": 3, "text": "Community is the basic unit of society, and harmonious community is the important foundation of building harmonious socialism. It is necessary to bring the construction of a harmonious community into the strategic planning of community development, under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, according to the functional orientation of ensuring production, serving life and maintaining stability, and actively build an omni-directional, three-dimensional, deep-seated harmonious community creation system, and strive to build a comfortable resident environment, warm and convenient quality service, safe and stable social order, healthy and civilized way of life. A harmonious community characterized by the atmosphere of unity and cooperation and the burst of development activities.", "question": "Which of the following is not the meaning of this passage?", "options": ["The significance of building a harmonious community", "The main ideas of building a harmonious community", "The basic characteristics of harmonious community", "The basic structure of harmonious community"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5117, "answer": 3, "text": "Lying is often more difficult than telling the truth, because telling the truth only needs to be stated according to the facts, and lying often wants to get appreciation or attention, or to avoid scolding and express their wishes, which must have strong imagination and logical thinking ability.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["People who often lie have stronger imagination and logical thinking ability than those who tell the truth.", "People who tell the truth have less imagination and logical thinking than people who often lie.", "A good liar is better at telling the truth.", "People who lack imagination and logical thinking are not good at lying."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13636, "answer": 0, "text": "Brain scans of people exposed to certain neurotoxins reveal brain damage identical to that found in people suffering from Parkinson' s disease. This fact shows not only that these neurotoxins cause this type of brain damage, but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson' s disease. Thus brain scans can be used to determine who is likely to develop Parkinson' s disease.", "question": "The argument contains which one of the following reasoning errors?", "options": ["It overestimates the importance of early diagnosis in determining appropriate treatments for people suffering from Parkinson's disease.", "It neglects to specify how the information provided by brain scans could be used either in treating Parkinson's disease or in monitoring the progression of the disease.", "It assumes that people would want to know as early as possible whether they were likely to develop Parkinson's disease.", "It mistakes a correlation between the type of brain damage described and Parkinson's disease for a causal relation between the two."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11383, "answer": 1, "text": "When feeding, aquatic birds known as phalaropes often spin rapidly on the water' s surface, pecking for food during each revolution. To execute these spins, phalaropes kick one leg harder than the other. This action creates upwelling currents. Because plankton on which phalaropes feed typically occurs in greater quantities well below the surface, it is hypothesized that by spinning phalaropes gain access to food that would otherwise be beyond their reach.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?", "options": ["Phalaropes rarely feed while on land.", "Phalaropes do not usually spin when food is abundant at the surface.", "Phalaropes sometimes spin when they are not feeding.", "A given phalarope spins exclusively either to the right or to the left."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10403, "answer": 2, "text": "The battery used in the American electric vehicle TESLA is composed of nearly 7,000 Panasonic 18650 batteries connected in series. Large battery packs combined in parallel. The safety of the TESLA battery power system has been questioned by the automotive industry. A battery expert said that the probability of fire of 18650 type batteries in the United States is 0.2 millionths, then the probability of fire of a battery pack composed of 7,000 small batteries is 0.14%. Based on the current sales of TESLA, this will be As a result, it has a battery fire accident almost every month.", "question": "If the following statements are true, which of the following most powerfully undermines the expert's judgment?", "options": ["The 18650 type battery has the characteristics of high energy density, stability and good consistency", "Billions of 18650-type batteries are produced globally every year, and their safety levels are constantly improving", "TESLA has a very advanced battery management system that will automatically disconnect the output of abnormal battery cells", "The 18650 type battery can be recharged many times, thus greatly extending the life of the battery"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4781, "answer": 0, "text": "There is a report that: Those who think that the zoo's safety management measures are already in place should be sober in the face of the following news reports. Yesterday, a man fell into the monkey mountain. Fortunately, the management arrived in time to disperse the monkeys, The man was sent to the hospital for emergency treatment, and it did not cause serious consequences. Therefore, the zoo's safety measures should be further improved.", "question": "Which of the followings is the most effective to refute the viewpoint of the above report?", "options": ["According to reports, the man actually is a depressed person with suicidal tendencies", "It was extremely accidental that the man fell into the Monkey Mountain, and there has been no such incident in the zoo for ten years", "The zoo has established an emergency response system, and the management personnel have the ability to respond quickly", "The safety measures of the zoo have passed the acceptance of relevant departments and are still in a safe state."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 223, "answer": 3, "text": "For a long time, the role of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has both pros and cons: on the one hand, the increase in its concentration can promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products in terrestrial ecosystems, increase soil carbon storage, and form a soil carbon sequestration effect, which is a positive effect. On the other hand, It will increase the emission of greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide in terrestrial ecosystems and exacerbate the greenhouse effect, which is a negative effect. Therefore, carbon dioxide still has the majority of negative effects in the atmosphere.", "question": "Which of the followings can explain the conclusion in the question?", "options": ["The soil carbon sequestration effect formed by carbon dioxide is more important than the greenhouse effect.", "Carbon dioxide is an essential raw material for plant photosynthesis, and its content is good for plants.", "Whether the increase in carbon dioxide concentration is good or bad depends on how humans use it.", "According to observational data, the greenhouse effect produced by carbon dioxide offsets and exceeds the carbon sequestration effect."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13227, "answer": 1, "text": "In response to several bacterial infections traced to its apple juice, McElligott now flash pasteurizes its apple juice by quickly heating and immediately rechilling it. Intensive pasteurization, in which juice is heated for an hour, eliminates bacteria more effectively than does any other method, but is likely to destroy the original flavor. However, because McElligott' s citrus juices have not been linked to any bacterial infections, they remain unpasteurized.", "question": "The statements above, if true, provide the most support for which one of the following claims?", "options": ["McElligott's citrus juices contain fewer infectious bacteria than do citrus juices produced by other companies.", "Apple juice that undergoes intensive pasteurization is less likely than McElligott's apple juice is to contain bacteria.", "The most effective method for eliminating bacteria from juice is also the method most likely to destroy flavor.", "McElligott's apple juice is less likely to contain infectious bacteria than are McElligott's citrus juices."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4049, "answer": 1, "text": "Documentary evidence refers to evidence that corroborates the facts of a case by recording the content or expressing ideas.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is a documentary evidence?", "options": ["The murderer hit the victim in the head with a thick dictionary", "The hospital designated by the judicial organ presents a light injury assessment", "The deceased wrote an abbreviation of the killer's name on the ground with blood on his deathbed", "A diary left by the victim at the scene of the accident"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11776, "answer": 0, "text": "The highest mountain ranges are formed by geological forces that raise the earth' s crust: two continent-bearing tectonic plates of comparable density collide and crumple upward, causing a thickening of the crust. The erosive forces of wind and precipitation inexorably wear these mountains down. Yet the highest mountain ranges tend to be found in places where these erosive forces are most prevalent.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the apparent conflict described above?", "options": ["Patterns of extreme wind and precipitation often result from the dramatic differences in elevation commonly found in the highest mountain ranges.", "Some lower mountain ranges are formed by a different collision process, whereby one tectonic plate simply slides beneath another of lesser density.", "The amount of precipitation that a given region of the earth receives may vary considerably over the lifetime of an average mountain range.", "The highest mountain ranges have less erosion-reducing vegetation near their peaks than do other mountain ranges."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12344, "answer": 0, "text": "Fossil-fuel producers say that it would be prohibitively expensive to reduce levels of carbon dioxide emitted by the use of fossil fuels enough to halt global warming. This claim is probably false. Several years ago, the chemical industry said that finding an economical alternative to the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) destroying the ozone layer would be impossible. Yet once the industry was forced, by international agreements, to find substitutes for CFCs, it managed to phase them out completely well before the mandated deadline, in many cases at a profit.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?", "options": ["There are ways of reducing carbon dioxide emissions that could halt global warming without hurting profits of fossil-fuel producers significantly more than phasing out CFCs hurt those of the chemical industry.", "The use of CFCs never contributed as greatly to the destruction of the ozone layer as the carbon dioxide emitted by the use of fossil fuels currently contributes to global warming.", "In some countries, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the use of fossil fuels has already been reduced without prohibitive expense, but at some cost in convenience to the users of such fuels.", "If international agreements forced fossil-fuel producers to find ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions enough to halt global warming, the fossil-fuel producers could find substitutes for fossil fuels."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 856, "answer": 0, "text": "Individual partnership refers to two or more citizens who provide capital, physical objects, technology, etc., operate in partnership, and work together in accordance with the agreement.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following belongs to individual partnership?", "options": ["Zhao and Qian made an verbal agreement to rent a storefront house in the downtown area to run a clothing store in partnership. Soon the owner Sun agreed to join the partnership at a discount of 20,000 yuan for the storefront house, but he did not participate in the operation, and only received 10% of the operating income every six months.", "Both Wang and Sun sell boxed lunches in the same market. Later, a certain company asked to deliver boxed lunches regularly every day. Due to the large number and each person could not take orders independently, the two agreed to jointly take orders, and each person would bear the half of the total boxed lunches and take half income.", "Chen needed a studio for creation, but suffered from financial constraints, and could only paint on the street. There was a person from the road Zhang who saw Chen's painter and planned to borrow his idle house as a studio for Chen's work. The rent would be reimbursed after the sale.", "Liu and Zhu are the closest partners. Liu wants to run a beer business, but suffers from a lack of funds. Zhu generously lends 50,000 yuan to Liu, and Liu said that 50,000 yuan will be included in the company's shares and will be given to Zhu by the end of the year. But if the company loses money, Zhu will not bear any risk, and will be borne entirely by Liu. Zhu did not comment, saying that anything will do..."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5068, "answer": 2, "text": "A girl wanted to learn embroidery as a craft to make a living, but she couldn't afford to buy needles and fabrics, and there was no teacher to worship. She spent ten years embroidering for others for free. With the embroidery materials provided by others, she trained excellent embroidery skills, made a reputation, and accumulated a large number of patterns. Ten years later, she embroidered for people at a price higher than the market, and there are still many customers. Some scholars put forward the concept of embroidery, That is, at the beginning of one's career, one can rely on other people's resources, obligation or work for resource providers at a price lower than the market, so as to complete the accumulation of one's own skills, relationships, funds and other resources and obtain the success of career development.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is in line with the embroidery theory:", "options": ["Xiao Jiang specializes in the wholesale of outdoor sports clothing. He adopts the strategy of small profit and quick turnover, and takes the initiative to set a slightly lower price than other merchants in the same market. His store has gradually become the largest outdoor sports clothing store in the wholesale market", "Xiao Qi has been engaged in many professions such as engineers and teachers. When he was a graduate student, he studied management engineering, personnel management and other courses. Human resource management integrates all the knowledge he learned in the past. He has achieved great success in this field after graduation", "Xiao Liu is a graduate student majoring in human resources. During his schooling, he did planning and project design for many enterprises free of charge. When he graduated, due to his rich experience, he successfully entered the human resources department of a global top 500 enterprise", "Xiao Li is an undergraduate majoring in chemistry. During his sophomore year, he took advantage of the work study opportunities arranged by the school to tutor many high school students. Later, he was admitted to the graduate student of the Department of chemistry with the first grade in his major"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13153, "answer": 0, "text": "Some companies in fields where skilled employees are hard to find make signing an agreement not to compete a condition of employment. In such an agreement the employee promises not to go to work for a competing firm for a set period after leaving his or her current employer. Courts are increasingly ruling that these agreements are not binding. Yet paradoxically, for people who signed such agreements when working for competing firms, many firms are unwilling to consider hiring them during the period covered by the agreement.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the paradox?", "options": ["Many companies will not risk having to become involved in lawsuits, even suits that they expect to have a favorable outcome, because of the associated costs and publicity.", "Most companies that require their employees to sign agreements not to compete are aware that these documents are not legally binding.", "Many people who have signed agreements not to compete are unwilling to renege on a promise by going to work for a competing firm.", "Many companies consider their employees' established relationships with clients and other people outside the company to be valuable company assets."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3450, "answer": 0, "text": "Indirect financing means that units or individuals with temporarily idle monetary funds purchase securities issued by banks, trusts, insurance and other financial institutions in the form of deposits, and provide their temporarily idle funds to these financial intermediaries first, and then these financial institutions borrow, discount and purchase securities, Provide funds to some units for use. These units that obtain funds realize indirect financing.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is indirect financing?", "options": ["Banks absorb and store funds and lend to private enterprises", "Financial investors invest their personal property in new industries", "The state issues bonds to obtain funds for the education industry", "Listed companies issue shares to society for financing and promote development"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5009, "answer": 3, "text": "Six people of A, B, C, D, E, and F will participate in a final. Three guesses before the game:a: The champion is either A or B. b: The champion is C or D.c:D. E and F can never be champions.", "question": "It turned out that only one of their three guesses was correct. Which of the following was correct?", "options": ["A.", "B.", "C.", "D."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5431, "answer": 3, "text": "In a mountainous area of an Asian country, the physique of newborns born in February and March is generally not as good as that of newborns born in other months. After investigation, the staff of the local medical institute believe that the main reason for this phenomenon is the lack of food in winter and the inability of pregnant women to supplement nutrition, resulting in the weakness of newborns.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best supports the above findings?", "options": ["A few wealthy families in the mountain area that can provide adequate nutrition for pregnant women still give birth to weak babies in winter.", "It is the maternal nutrition in the first half of the year rather than the current month that determines the newborn's physique.", "Pregnant women in this mountainous area generally suffer from a winter onset disease, which will reduce their physique and affect the health of their babies.", "The few winter foods in this mountainous area generally lack some trace elements, which is urgently needed by newborns."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2673, "answer": 2, "text": "The Campus Food Festival of Jianghai University opened. Five people from a female dormitory actively signed up for the activity. Their names are Jin can, Mu Xin, Narcissus, Huoshan and Tulun. The organizers require each applicant to make only one dish to participate in the evaluation, but bring their own ingredients. Limited to conditions, the dormitory has only five kinds of ingredients: Flammulina velutipes, fungus, peach, ham and potatoes. It is required that only 2 people can choose each kind of food. Each person can only choose two kinds of ingredients, and the first word of the name of the food selected by each person is different from his or her surname. It is known that: (1) if Jin can chooses peaches, daffodils do not choose Flammulina velutipes; (2) if Mu Xin chooses Flammulina velutipes or potatoes, she must also choose Auricularia auricula; (3) if Huo Shan chooses peaches, she must also choose fungus and potatoes; (4) if Mu Xin chooses ham, Huoshan does not choose Flammulina velutipes.", "question": "Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the following is correct?", "options": ["Jin can choose fungus and potatoes", "Narcissus choose flammulina velutipes and ham", "Turun uses flammulina and peaches", "Huoshan chooses fungus and peach"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14285, "answer": 2, "text": "Physician: Stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations have given rise to the question of whether vaccination is safe. But even if these stories are true, they need not be cause for concern. With millions of people being vaccinated every year, it is to be expected that some will develop health problems purely by coincidence shortly after receiving vaccinations.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the physician's argument?", "options": ["Some of the illnesses that vaccines are designed to prevent have become so rare that even if people are not vaccinated, they are unlikely to contract those illnesses.", "The health problems that some people have developed shortly after receiving vaccinations have been more serious than the health problems that the vaccines were intended to prevent.", "People are no more likely, on average, to develop serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations than shortly before receiving vaccinations.", "For the most part, stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations involve vaccines that were recently introduced."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6891, "answer": 2, "text": "It is necessary to guard against the phenomenon of big and small years in vegetable production due to subjective factors. Garlic prices were low in 2008, and some farmers lost information about growing garlic. Garlic production reduction in 2009, garlic prices have been rising since then. Therefore, vegetable production should be planned, information symmetry should be maintained on species, variety structure and market time, and the detection and early warning mechanism of agricultural products should be improved so as to guide farmers' production and stabilize market supply.", "question": "Which of the following is the text intended to illustrate?", "options": ["Vegetable price fluctuation is a normal phenomenon under market regulation", "Fluctuations in vegetable prices will hurt farmers' confidence in continuing to grow vegetables", "Politics and law should take measures to ensure the stability of vegetable prices", "The government should help farmers plan and manage vegetable planting rationally"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12651, "answer": 1, "text": "Certain genetically modified strains of maize produce a powerful natural insecticide. The insecticide occurs throughout the plant, including its pollen. Maize pollen is dispersed by the wind and frequently blows onto milkweed plants that grow near maize fields. Caterpillars of monarch butterflies feed exclusively on milkweed leaves. When these caterpillars are fed milkweed leaves dusted with pollen from modified maize plants, they die. Ttherefore, by using genetically modified maize, farmers put monarch butterflies at risk.", "question": "Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in order to evaluate the argument?", "options": ["Whether the natural insecticide is as effective against maize-eating insects as commercial insecticides typically used on maize are", "Whether monarch butterfly caterpillars are actively feeding during the part of the growing season when maize is releasing pollen", "Whether insects that feed on genetically modified maize plants are likely to be killed by insecticide from the plant's pollen", "Whether any maize-eating insects compete with monarch caterpillars for the leaves of milkweed plants growing near maize fields"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12302, "answer": 1, "text": "Environmental activist groups, which clean up waste left on beaches, in parks, and along the side of the road, report that glass bottles make up an ever-increasing percentage of waste they remove. It is clear that attempts to decrease the amount of glass that people litter are failing.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Although most glass bottles are recyclable if whole, many of the glass bottles removed by activist companies are shattered into pieces.", "An increasing proportion of the paper, plastics, and metal cans that the groups used to remove is now being recycled.", "Because litter poses a sanitary health risk to the public, activist groups are doubling their removal efforts in parks and on beaches.", "People are more likely to save and reuse glass containers than containers made of lighter materials such as paper or plastic."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4018, "answer": 3, "text": "In an experiment, volunteers should remember a series of words that appear on the screen, but they will be interrupted during the math.Researchers asked if volunteers deepened, and eventually scored volunteers brain operation capacity by memory words.The results show that those who have a math problem is a dedication, remember the words but more, prove that they have more brain operation capacity.Researchers believe that those who often go often be smarter because they can remember a lot of information, and the evaluation is flexible.", "question": "Which of the following, if correct, does not weaken the above conclusion?", "options": ["In life, when doing anything, the brain is distracted most of the time, usually undetected", "When math problems were changed to reading comprehension problems, distracted volunteers remembered fewer words", "Brain capacity is also related to other indicators of human intelligence, not just the number of words", "Only when the task is not difficult, people with large brain capacity will think about irrelevant things"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 432, "answer": 2, "text": "The careful design of some products makes the products convenient and efficient, brings comfort to customers, and customers don't have to read complex instructions or ask for help from others. On the contrary, some products are designed without considering users' habits and needs, so people will encounter difficulties or confusion in the process of use. This kind of products are called Norman Products.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is a Norman Product?", "options": ["The bottom pulley of a large wooden wardrobe of a certain brand is of poor quality, and it is difficult for users to open the door.", "A certain online game is difficult to pass the level. Many players ask for help on the Internet to pass the level.", "The shape and size of car radio buttons are the same as those of other equipment switches. It is difficult for users to distinguish which radio button is.", "The precision experimental equipment of a technology company is attached with a 300 page manual. Most people think there are too many terms in it, which is difficult to understand."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12338, "answer": 2, "text": "Television host: While it' s true that the defendant presented a strong alibi and considerable exculpatory evidence and was quickly acquitted by the jury, I still believe that there must be good reason to think that the defendant is not completely innocent in the case. Otherwise, the prosecutor would not have brought charges in the first place.", "question": "The reasoning in the television host's argument is flawed in that the argument", "options": ["presupposes as evidence the conclusion that it is trying to establish", "confuses legal standards for guilt with moral standards for guilt", "places undue reliance on the judgments of an authority figure", "takes lack of evidence for a view as grounds for concluding that the view is false"], "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7123, "answer": 3, "text": "The harmful behavior of omission refers to the negative behavior, that is, the actor does not perform or actively perform his legal obligations, resulting in the consequences of endangering the society.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following acts is a harmful behavior of omission?", "options": ["After a driver injured Wang and fled the scene, Wang died because he was not rescued in time.", "After giving birth to the baby, B sold the baby to others at a price of 20000 yuan because he was unwilling to raise it.", "After C gave birth to the baby, in order to cover up the truth of his unmarried pregnancy, he gave the child to others for upbringing.", "D abandoned the baby at the railway station after giving birth, causing him to be seriously frozen."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4103, "answer": 1, "text": "Advanced entanglement refers to the helplessness, depression, and pain of people with correct insights when their views are not accepted, not believed, and powerless to develop things.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is reflect the advanced entanglement?", "options": ["Since ancient times, sages have been lonely and lonely, and only those who can drink can keep their reputation.", "The world is turbid only I clear transparent (not join in the dirty), the world are drunk only I sober.", "Beautiful things are always unable to retain,even if they reappear, they are definitely not the same as before, they are just deja vu.", "If you get drunk on the battlefield, please don't make a joke. How many people can return to their hometown after going out to fight in ancient times?"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5527, "answer": 1, "text": "Indirect committed, also known as indirect committed crime, refers to the use of others for props to commit a crime of the act. The exploiter achieves his criminal intent by dominating the tool behavior of the exploited.The exploiter and the exploited do not constitute a joint crime. It includes two scenarios, the first one is to use the inability of criminal responsibility to commit crimes, and the second one is to use the negligence of others or unwitting behavior crime.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is an indirect principal?", "options": ["The combined relationship led to the serious injury of C in a fit of rage. A and ethylene are fully criminally responsible", "A, instigating the mentally ill. A cake with a knife cut with a quick feud with it. A-C is a person with full criminal responsibility capacity, and is thought to be a person without criminal responsibility", "A sent staff to beat C, who had been owed money, and promised to give the benefits to the gingerbread. Injuries to A and B are fully criminally responsible persons", "A let their own adult child B false accusation c, did not think B fabricated facts is the fact that C objective existence. A, C is a person with full criminal responsibility capacity, B is a person without criminal responsibility"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13996, "answer": 0, "text": "A survey of entrepreneurs who started companies last year shows that while virtually all did substantial preparatory research and planning, only half used that work to produce a formal business plan. Since, on average, the entrepreneurs without formal plans secured the capital they needed in half the time of those with plans, these survey results indicate that, in general, formal plans did not help the entrepreneurs who produced them to secure the capital they needed.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Among the entrepreneurs surveyed, those who did not produce formal business plans sought and received a much larger proportion of their capital from investors with whom they had a long-standing business relationship.", "The entrepreneurs surveyed who did not produce a formal business plan spent nearly as much time doing preparatory research and planning as the entrepreneurs who produced plans.", "Companies started by entrepreneurs who had used formal business plans to attract investment were on the whole as profitable in their first year as were companies started by entrepreneurs who had not produced such plans.", "In surveys of entrepreneurs who have attempted without success to raise sufficient capital, more than half of the respondents indicate that they have produced a formal business plan."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1387, "answer": 2, "text": "Even through an ordinary transparent material such as glass or water, the speed of light slows down slightly because light interacts with the atoms that make up the material. But in this case, the effect is weak, and any attempt to enhance it will lead to light absorption. Therefore, it is important to slow down the speed of light so that it will not be absorbed. Welch did this through the chamber. This method places rubidium atoms in a very delicate quantum state in which rubidium atoms cannot absorb light.At the same time, the interaction of the two beams produces another beam of light with a long wavelength, which travels much slower than the original two beams.", "question": "Which of the following is not part of Welch's experiment?", "options": ["Slow down the speed of light so that it will not be absorbed", "Put rubidium atoms in a delicate quantum state that does not absorb light", "Create cheap and efficient light sources to avoid absorption", "Cause two beams of light with slightly different wavelengths to interact with each other to produce slow light"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1691, "answer": 1, "text": "According to the statistics in the 1990s, the average annual growth rate of patent applications in China is 48%, but the implementation of patents in China only accounts for 20-30% of the total number of patents, compared with the implementation rate of up to 80% in foreign countries, there is a big gap. Only 15% of total patent applications in China come from enterprises, while 80% of patent applications in developed countries come from enterprises.", "question": "Which of the following is the main support?", "options": ["In terms of specific policies, scientific and technological achievements assessment is not paid enough attention to", "In our country, efforts should be made to expand the development and implementation of the growing number of patented technologies", "In Our country, most people have not learned to use patent weapons to protect their knowledge achievements", "Compared with enterprises, universities and research institutes pay more attention to the development and application of scientific research achievements"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 217, "answer": 0, "text": "In today's society, QR code payment methods have been widely used in offline micro-payment scenarios such as catering stores, supermarkets, and convenience stores. However, there are still hidden risks in the bar-code generation mechanism and transmission process, and many cases involving payment security risks have also been triggered.", "question": "Which of the followings can explain the conclusion in the question?", "options": ["Static bar-codes are easy to be tampered with or altered, and easy to carry Trojan or other viruses.", "Offline scan code payment brings users a convenient consumer experience.", "Merchants can use offline scan code payment to help them increase their operating income.", "After the advanced token technology is used for mutation processing, the real card number information can be protected."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5331, "answer": 3, "text": "Conflict of power and authority refers to the dispute or confrontation caused by the definition of authority in the process of exercising administrative authority.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is not a conflict of power and authority?", "options": ["Two or more administrative entities consider themselves to have jurisdiction over the same administrative matter, but the other party has no jurisdiction.", "Two or more administrative entities think that they have no jurisdiction over the same administrative matter, but the other party has jurisdiction.", "Two or more administrative entities consider themselves and the other party to have jurisdiction over the same administrative matter, but there are disputes in terms of jurisdiction, degree or dominance.", "Two or more administrative entities consider themselves and the other party to have jurisdiction over the same administrative matter, but there are disputes in terms of jurisdiction, degree or dominance."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5020, "answer": 1, "text": "One study found that treating the same disease with cheaper drugs was as effective as treating the same disease with more expensive drugs at the same time. Therefore, should vigorously promote the lower price of drugs to reduce medical costs.", "question": "Which of the following, true, would most weaken this conclusion?", "options": ["Lower-priced drugs have fewer side effects than higher-priced drugs.", "The lower-priced drugs were higher than the higher-priced drugs in the number of times they were taken per unit time and in the dose to be taken each time.", "Lower-priced drugs have smaller profit margins, which is bad for drug companies.", "The middle class and the wealthy tend to use more expensive drugs in their medical care."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5469, "answer": 3, "text": "Under normal circumstances, the left anterior temporal lobe and orbitofrontal cortex of human brain will inhibit the neural activities of the visual system located at the back of the brain and responsible for processing eye signals. However, in patients with FTD (frontotemporal dementia), these two regions may not be able to send inhibitory signals. In this way, the brain can behave in some pathological abnormal behaviors. But it will also release the patient's artistic sensitivity or other creativity. It can be said that FTD is a window to the palace of art.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most questions the above conclusion?", "options": ["Less than 1% of FTD patients can become outstanding artists during their illness.", "Among the 100 greatest artists of the 20th century, there is no FTD patient.", "Meditation or hard practice can make the right brain more creative and develop potential artistic talents.", "The artistic talent acquired by FTD patients can only be the result of family inheritance."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7656, "answer": 1, "text": "Conditional commitment refers to a commitment made by one party to the other party with conditions in social activities.", "question": "Which of the following is a conditional commitment?", "options": ["Xiao Qin got into a key high school. Her father rewarded her with a week abroad.", "The boss of a company promised to give each outstanding employee a raise of 200 yuan per month.", "Chen said to his daughter: Mom will continue to support you to apply for graduate school.", "Xiao Yu made a rule for himself. If she doesn't lose five pounds, she refuses to go to her friends' parties."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5557, "answer": 1, "text": "Smith: Under the International Rare Animal Protection Regulations, hybrid animals are not protected under the Regulations.Red wolves are among the subjects protected by the International Regulations on the Protection of Rare Animals. The latest genetic research techniques have found that red wolves, long considered purebred species, are actually re-acquired by hybridization of mountain dogs and grey wolves.Since red wolves clearly need protection, the regulation should be amended. Make it protect hybrid animals. Zhang Dazhong: Your point of view cannot be established.Because if the red wolf is indeed a hybrid of mountain dogs and gray wolves, then in fact, the red wolf is now extinct, can still be re-acquired through the hybridization of mountain dogs and gray wolves.", "question": "Which of the following options is most likely to be Zhang's rebuttal hypothesis?", "options": ["The current technology used to identify whether a certain animal is a hybrid is reliable", "All existing hybrids are the offspring of hybrids of existing purebreds", "Coyote and gray wolf are pure species", "The implementation of the International Regulations on the Protection of Rare Animals has achieved good results"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13908, "answer": 0, "text": "Sarah: Some schools seek to foster a habit of volunteering in their students by requiring them to perform community service. But since a person who has been forced to do something has not really volunteered and since the habit of volunteering cannot be said to have been fostered in a person who has not yet volunteered for anything, there is no way this policy can succeed by itself. Paul: I disagree. Some students forced to perform community service have enjoyed it so much that they subsequently actually volunteer to do something similar. In such cases, the policy can clearly be said to have fostered a habit of volunteering.", "question": "Paul responds to Sarah's argument using which one of the following argumentative techniques?", "options": ["He introduces considerations that call into question one of Sarah's assumptions.", "He argues that Sarah's conception of what it means to volunteer excludes certain activities that ought to be considered instances of volunteering.", "He argues that a policy Sarah fails to consider could accomplish the same aim as the policy that Sarah considers.", "He argues that Sarah is assuming just what she sets out to prove."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11480, "answer": 0, "text": "Columnist on the arts: My elected government representatives were within their rights to vote to support the arts with tax dollars. While funded by the government, however, some artists have produced works of art that are morally or aesthetically offensive to many taxpayers. Nonetheless, my conclusion is that no taxpayers have been treated unjustly whose tax dollars are used to fund some particular work of art that they may find abominable.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most supports the columnist's argument?", "options": ["The funding of a particular activity is warranted if it is funded by elected representatives who legitimately fund that activity in general.", "Those who resent taxation to subsidize offensive art should vote against their incumbent government representatives.", "Elected representatives are within their rights to fund any activity that is supported by a majority of their constituents.", "Taxpayers should be allowed to decide whether a portion of their tax dollars is to be used to fund the arts."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11099, "answer": 2, "text": "Although tales of wonder and the fantastic are integral to all world literatures, only recently has the fantasy genre had a commercial resurgence in North America. During the last 20 years, sales of fantasy-fiction books written for adults have gone from 1 to 10 percent of total adult-fiction sales. At the same time, the number of favorable reviews of fantasy books has increased markedly. Some booksellers say that the increased sales of fantasy books written for adults can be traced to the increased favorable attention given the genre by book reviewers.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, undermines the booksellers' explanation of the growth in sales of fantasy-fiction books for adults?", "options": ["Although the increase in the percentage of fantasy books sold has been substantial, publishers estimate that sales could increase even further.", "Publishers often select a manuscript on the basis of whether they think that the published book will receive favorable reviews by book reviewers.", "Few readers of fantasy fiction read book reviews, and even fewer select books to purchase on the basis of those reviews.", "Many of the book reviews of new fantasy- fiction novels also mention great fantasy novels of the past."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3498, "answer": 3, "text": "Women constitute the majority of the country's population, and most of the tranquilizer prescriptions prescribed by doctors are for female patients. However, drug trials are only performed on men to complete the testing of the efficacy of these drugs and the calibration of recommended doses. It is even used for Animals tested for drug toxicity also use males.", "question": "Which of the following is most supported by the above views?", "options": ["Compared with men, some tranquilizers are more suitable for women", "No one has said that the tranquilizers prescribed to women have side effects", "The same drug is less toxic to women than to men", "It is not yet known whether the recommended dose of tranquilizers is suitable for women"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6144, "answer": 0, "text": "The ocean is a natural extension of land through watersheds. In marine development activities, the production links such as marine fishing, marine transportation, marine mineral development and marine aquaculture are jointly completed in the sea and river basins; while the production links such as sea salt industry and seawater utilization are completely completed on the land. In addition, while the development of modern science and technology promotes the progress of marine science and technology and the development of marine industries, the development of marine high-tech and the emergence of new products have also promoted the progress of land science and technology and the development of related industries. Marine and land products have been interactively developed through this technological extension.", "question": "Which of the followings is meant by this text?", "options": ["The dependence of marine economy on the spatial distribution of river basin economy.", "The development of modern technology has promoted the progress of the land and sea economy.", "Marine economy and river basin economy are intertwined in industry.", "The development of modern technology has promoted the convergence of sea and land economy."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6005, "answer": 1, "text": "A park in France plans to hire crows as cleaners. But some people also expressed doubts about whether the Crow cleanerscould make a difference.", "question": "Which of the following statements, if true, would most support this group's suspicions?", "options": ["Crow cleanersmay arouse people's curiosity, leading to a sharp increase in park visitors, which will produce more waste.", "In experiments, trained Crow cleanerscan only pick up a very limited daily weight of light and small garbage, which has almost zero effect on the cleaning of the park. ", "According to the survey statistics, in order to witness the Crow cleanerhow to pick up garbage, most tourists have the tendency to deliberately throw a lot of garbage.", "Even though crows have been trained, they still retain the instinct to snare branches and small stones and keeping crows produces its own waste."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12718, "answer": 2, "text": "Perry: Worker-owned businesses require workers to spend time on management decision-making and investment strategy, tasks that are not directly productive. Also, such businesses have less extensive divisions of labor than do investor-owned businesses. Such inefficiencies can lead to low profitability, and thus increase the risk for lenders. Ttherefore, lenders seeking to reduce their risk should not make loans to worker-owned businesses.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens Perry's argument?", "options": ["Worker-owned businesses have traditionally obtained loans from cooperative lending institutions established by coalitions of worker-owned businesses.", "Lenders who specialize in high-risk loans are the largest source of loans for worker-owned businesses.", "In most worker-owned businesses, workers compensate for inefficiencies by working longer hours than do workers in investor-owned businesses.", "Businesses with the most extensive divisions of labor sometimes fail to make the fullest use of their most versatile employees' potential."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11837, "answer": 3, "text": "Pharmacist: A large study of people aged 65 -- 81 and suffering from insomnia showed that most of insomnia' s symptoms are substantially alleviated by ingesting melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, which plays a role in the regulation of the body' s biological clock. Thus, the recent claims made by manufacturers of melatonin supplements that the pineal gland produces less melatonin as it ages are evidently correct.", "question": "The pharmacist's argument is flawed in that it", "options": ["infers from the effect of an action that the action is intended to produce that effect", "depends on using two different meanings for the same term to draw its conclusion", "confuses an effect of a phenomenon with its cause", "relies on a sample that is unrepresentative"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3296, "answer": 1, "text": "With the growth of age, People's demand for material gradually decreased, and spiritual demand gradually increased. Therefore, in order to meet the growing spiritual needs, the elderly should take more active part in recreational and sports activities than when they are young.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best support the above discussion?", "options": ["With the development of society, the old people have more spiritual needs than the young people", "Older people who are more active in recreational and sports activities than young people lead more fulfilling lives", "The material life of some old people is not rich", "The spiritual needs of the old are no more than those of the young"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5104, "answer": 0, "text": "Limonene, commonly known as lemon essential oil, is usually used to make citrus flavors. It is one of the chemical constituents that are used in many fragrances such as air fresheners, body sprays, etc. Limonene is not terrible in itself, because it does not cause great harm to human body. In fact, it can be used as seasoning agent for food. However, once it is sprayed into the air, limonene will soon change. When limonene is exposed to ozone, which generally exists in the air, two limonene molecules will form a single molecule compound methanol. When a large number of limonene in the room is converted into methanol, its effects will be very different.", "question": "Which of the following can be introduced?", "options": ["Using air fresheners may do harm to ourselves", "When limonene is used as food flavoring agent, it will do harm to human body", "If the methanol concentration in the room is high, it indicates that too many aromatics are used", "In life, we should try to avoid using items containing limonene"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7011, "answer": 3, "text": "In the face of the current complex international and domestic situation, China's future industrial development will gradually present two major grasps: one is to adapt to the changing trend of demand structure and speed up the technological transformation of traditional industries; the second is to scientifically judge the future market demand changes and technological development trends, and speed up the development of strategic emerging industries. At present, the pattern of global economic competition is undergoing profound changes, scientific and technological development is giving birth to new revolutionary breakthroughs, and the development of strategic emerging industries has become a major strategy for major countries in the world to seize the commanding heights of the new round of economic and scientific and technological development.", "question": "Which of the following is the most likely content of this passage?", "options": ["China should promote the progress of science and technology and enhance the ability of independent development", "China should seize the commanding heights of the new round of economic and scientific and technological development", "China should promote the technological transformation of traditional industries", "China should speed up the development of strategic emerging industries"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2668, "answer": 2, "text": "In the bidding process of a certain project, Zhao Jia, Qian Yi, Sun Bin, Li Ting, Zhou Wu and Wu Ji participated in the bid as representatives of their respective companies, and only one person won the bid. Three members of the bidding group expressed their own views on who was the winning bidder: (1) the winning bidder was either Zhao Jia or Qian Yi; (2) the winning bidder was not Sun Bin; and (3) Zhou Wu and Wu Ji did not win the bid. After in-depth investigation, it is found that the view of only one of the above three people is correct.", "question": "Based on the above information, which of the following three people can be determined not to win the bid?", "options": ["Qian Yi, Sun Bin, Zhou Wu", "Sun Bin, Zhou Wu, Wu Ji", "Zhao Jia, Qian Yi, Li Ting", "Zhao Jia, Zhou Wu, Wu Ji"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9371, "answer": 2, "text": "Objective-value fallacy is a kind of erroneous reasoning, its premise is a factual description, while the conclusion expresses a description involving value meaning, and this kind of reasoning does not presuppose obvious value judgment premise.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is an objective-value fallacy?", "options": ["There should be more exchanges and communication between people, more understanding and tolerance, and there will be fewer and fewer nation-states in the world", "Since everyone has to abide by the law, we should have more respect for the law and more awe of the rules", "The world is becoming more and more urbanized, so people should not continue to live poetically in the countryside", "The greening rate of this area is increasing, and its air quality will continue to improve"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11633, "answer": 2, "text": "A major network news organization experienced a drop in viewership in the week following the airing of a controversial report on the economy. The network also received a very large number of complaints regarding the report. The network, however, maintains that negative reactions to the report had nothing to do with its loss of viewers.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the network's position?", "options": ["Major network news organizations publicly attribute drops in viewership to their own reports only when they receive complaints about those reports.", "Most network news viewers rely on network news broadcasts as their primary source of information regarding the economy.", "The other major network news organizations reported similar reductions in viewership during the same week.", "The viewers who registered complaints with the network were regular viewers of the news organization's programs."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12980, "answer": 1, "text": "For years scientists have been scanning the skies in the hope of finding life on other planets. But in spite of the ever-increasing sophistication of the equipment they employ, some of it costing hundreds of millions of dollars, not the first shred of evidence of such life has been forthcoming. And there is no reason to think that these scientists will be anymore successful in the future, no matter how much money is invested in the search. The dream of finding extraterrestrial life is destined to remain a dream, as science' s experience up to this point should indicate.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the argument?", "options": ["Only if scientists had already found evidence of life on other planets would continued search be justified.", "Scientists searching for extraterrestrial life will not find it.", "There is no reason to believe that life exists on other planets.", "The equipment that scientists employ is not as sophisticated as it should be."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11978, "answer": 0, "text": "J. J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron and a recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics, trained many physicists, among them seven Nobel Prize winners, 32 fellows of the Royal Society of London, and 83 professors of physics. This shows that the skills needed for creative research can be taught and learned.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["At least one of the eminent scientists trained by J. J. Thomson was not a creative researcher before coming to study with him.", "Scientists who go on to be the most successful researchers often receive their scientific education in classes taught by renowned research scientists.", "J. J. Thomson was an internationally known physicist, and scientists came from all over the world to work with him.", "All the scientists trained by J. J. Thomson were renowned for their creative scientific research."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3554, "answer": 0, "text": "Execution reversal: After the execution is completed, because the legal document on which the execution is based is cancelled, the execution personnel take measures to restore the property of the person subject to execution to the state before the execution.", "question": "Which of the following is the ones that execution reversal?", "options": ["The ruling made by the people's court for advance execution, after the execution is completed, is revoked by the effective judgment of this court or the final judgment of the court of second instance", "The legal person or other organization as one of the parties has terminated, and the successor of rights and obligations has not been determined", "The subject matter of execution is the subject matter of a dispute in a case that is being heard by other courts or arbitration institutions, and it is necessary to wait for the completion of the case to determine the ownership", "Citizens who are subject to enforcement are unable to repay loans due to difficulties in life, have no source of income, and lose the ability to work"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2801, "answer": 3, "text": "General Manager: It is recommended that both Xiao Li and Xiao Sun be promoted. Chairman: I have different opinions.", "question": "Which of the following fits the chairman's meaning?", "options": ["Both Xiao Li and Xiao Sun are not promoted.", "Promote Xiao Li, don't promote Xiao Sun.", "Don't promote Xiao Li, promote Xiao Sun.", "Unless Xiao Li is not promoted, Xiao Sun is not promoted."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4274, "answer": 1, "text": "Some studies claim that cancer cells are afraid of heat, and high body temperature can fight cancer. The organs most prone to cancer include lung, stomach, large intestine, breast and so on. The high-temperature organs such as the heart are not easy to get cancer. Therefore, you can raise your body temperature by exercising, drinking hot water, bathing and other methods to fight cancer.", "question": "Which one of the followings, if true, can best refute the above assertion?", "options": ["Affected by breathing and diet, people's oral temperature is generally lower than rectal temperature, but the incidence of rectal cancer is higher than oral cancer all over the world.", "There is a precise regulation mechanism of human body temperature, which basically maintains a stable state, and there is no obvious temperature difference between various organs in the body.", "Hyperthermia may help radiotherapy or some chemotherapy play a better role, but the research data to prove its reliability are still insufficient.", "Malignant tumors rarely occur in the heart because the cardiomyocytes here no longer divide and proliferate, regardless of the temperature."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10341, "answer": 0, "text": "Expert: only when the property right of an item is clearly defined and can be traded, can the true value of the item be reflected. We say that we should protect the interests of the peasants. if we do not even know what the peasants' best interests are, how can we protect them? What valuable things do farmers have? That's the homestead. Only by fully reflecting the value of homestead can we really protect the interests of farmers.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?", "options": ["In order to really protect the interests of farmers, it is necessary to allow transactions on homestead", "As long as we find out what is the best interests of farmers, we can protect the interests of farmers", "As long as the property right of the homestead is clearly defined and can be traded, its true value can be reflected", "If the homestead is traded, its value can be fully realized"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10151, "answer": 0, "text": "I can put myself in the position of relating some external symbols to some internal events, for example, moaning and contortion of the face to the feeling of pain. I know from my pain experience that when I feel pain, I tend to moan and contort my face. So as soon as I see other people with the same external symbols, I take it for granted that they have the same internal events as I do. After all, I and others are obviously similar in behavior and general physical function, so why not also in inner activity?", "question": "Which of the following best supports the above argument?", "options": ["Similar results must have similar causes.", "There may be a close link between pain and moaning and contortion of the face.", "There may be some intrinsic relationship between behavior and inner activity.", "People are similar in many ways."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8631, "answer": 1, "text": "Endorsement brand refers to the supporting brand behind a product brand and service brand. The endorsement brand is also called the parent brand, which is the endorsement brand. It can be divided into two categories: one is the hard endorsement brand, which takes the form of enterprise total brand + sub-brand. The general brand of an enterprise is generally a big brand with a long history, high visibility and intangible asset value, and the sub-brand needs to attract consumers with the general brand. Second, soft endorsement brand, that is, the endorsement brand is not directly in front of the sub-brand, the sub-brand is the protagonist of the circulation, the general brand of the enterprise is only to provide credit guarantee for the sub-brand.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is a hard endorsement brand?", "options": ["Buick, Opel, Chevrolet and Cadillac are gm's four main brands", "The products of some pharmaceutical enterprises all contain the brand of 999, such as Sanjiu Weiqin and 999 Ganmao Ling", "Liuyang River, Jingjiu, Jinliofu and other products packaging are not marked endorsement brand Wuliangye", "Whether it's Pantene, Tide, or Safeguard, they're all P&G products"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11321, "answer": 1, "text": "Electrical engineers have repeatedly demonstrated that the best solid-state amplifiers are indistinguishable from the best vacuum-tube amplifiers with respect to the characteristics commonly measured in evaluating the quality of an amplifier' s musical reproduction. Ttherefore, those music lovers who insist that recorded music sounds better when played with the best vacuum-tube amplifier than when played with the best solid-state amplifier must be imagining the difference in quality that they claim to hear.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Many people cannot tell from listening to it whether a recording is being played with a very good solid-state amplifier or a very good vacuum-tube amplifier.", "Some of the characteristics that are important in determining how music sounds to a listener cannot be measured.", "The range of variation with respect to the quality of musical reproduction is greater for vacuum-tube amplifiers than for solid-state amplifiers.", "Some vacuum-tube amplifiers are clearly superior to some sold-state amplifiers with respect to the characteristics commonly measured in the laboratory to evaluate the quality of an amplifier's musical reproduction."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6241, "answer": 2, "text": "According to statistics, about 5000 elderly people commit suicide in Japan every year, accounting for 3/10 of the number of suicides, which can be called the big country of elderly suicide in the world. Among them, the suicide rate of divorced men is 8 times that of those with spouses, and the suicide rate of divorced women is 4 times that of those with spouses.", "question": "Which of the following views does the above paragraph directly support?", "options": ["The elderly in Japan have heavy economic burden and great living pressure.", "Most suicides suffer from senile psychosis.", "Widowhood and loneliness are the important causes of suicide among the elderly in Japan.", "In Japan, the phenomenon of elderly divorce is more common."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4367, "answer": 0, "text": "Administrative levies refer to the act of a country's government, based on public needs, by the administrative agency in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations to compulsorily obtain the ownership of the counterparty's property.", "question": "Which of the followings is not classified as administrative levies?", "options": ["Charge a fine.", "Collect mineral resources compensation fees.", "To charge road maintenance fees.", "Collection of port construction fees."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12563, "answer": 3, "text": "Notice to subscribers: In order for us to provide you with efficient and reliable newspaper service, please note the following policies. You will be billed for home delivery every four weeks, in advance. If you do not receive delivery, call us promptly to receive a replacement copy. Credit can be given only if the missed copy is reported to us within twenty-four hours and only if a replacement copy is unavailable. Request for temporary nondelivery must be made at least three days prior to the first day on which delivery is to stop. No subscription will be canceled unless the subscriber explicitly requests the cancellation beforehand and in writing.", "question": "The Daily Gazette If The Daily Gazette denies each of the following subscriber's requests, each of the denials could be justified solely on the basis of the policy stated above EXCEPT:", "options": ["Mr. Rathanan did not send in his advance payment two weeks ago; he states that his inaction was intended as cancellation and requests that he not be charged for the past two weeks of delivery of The Daily Gazette.", "Ms. Silverman was out of town on Sunday and Monday and when she returned on Tuesday she found that her Sunday edition had not been delivered; she called The Daily Gazette on Tuesday afternoon requesting credit for the undelivered copy.", "Dr. Broder called The Daily Gazette Monday morning to report that her Sunday edition had not been delivered; she requests credit instead of the offered replacement copy.", "The Daily Gazette was delivered to Ms. Herrera during her one-week vacation even though she called on a Wednesday to stop delivery the following Monday for the entire week; she requests credit for the full week's delivery."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 274, "answer": 1, "text": "Symbiosis means that two organisms live together, depend on each other, and benefit each other. If they are separated from each other, both or one of them cannot survive.", "question": "According to the above definition, wjhihc of the followings belongs to symbiosis?", "options": ["Amphiprion likes to swim between the tentacles of the anemone, which is protected by the anemone and can share the food spit out by the anemone", "After termites eat wood, the multiflagella in their intestines can secrete cellulose hydrolase to help termites digest and decompose wood fiber", "Munnia builds its nest next to the honeycomb to get the protection of bees, honey badger likes to eat honey, so they follow Munnia", "Trichogramma lays eggs in the eggs of red rice borer and uses it as a source of nutrients for growth and development"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 638, "answer": 2, "text": "At a party, A likes to eat Sichuan cuisine, all the fishes that B likes to eat are Sichuan cuisine, C likes to eat all Sichuan cuisine. Fried pork in scoop is not Sichuan cuisine, but Mapo tofu is Sichuan cuisine.", "question": "According to the above conditions, which of the followings must be true?", "options": ["A likes to eat mapo tofu.", "B likes to eat mapo tofu.", "B doesn't like to eat fried pork in scoop.", "C doest't like to eat fried pork in scoop."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8445, "answer": 1, "text": "The more we are in a flashy place, the more we hope to encounter a spiritual habitat. Although we live in a commercial society, the bookstore is still a place of comfort for the soul. From cities to shopping malls, if there is a bookstore with strong cultural flavor, it will certainly make people feel a different atmosphere. Bookstores are stationed in shopping malls, which can not only bring passenger flow to shopping malls, but also improve the taste of shopping malls. With a similar cultural mall model that combines reading, leisure and other cultural products, a special cultural chain can be built within the shopping mall.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following statements is true?", "options": ["The city makes people feel different because it has a bookstore with strong cultural flavor", "If you want to build a special cultural chain within the mall, you should not ignore the bookstore", "Because the bookstore has improved the taste of the mall, so the bookstore has brought passenger flow to the mall", "Even if we are not in a flashy place, we can encounter a spiritual habitat"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1307, "answer": 0, "text": "With the development and transformation of the eastern coastal areas, industrial transfer and the economic rise of the central and western regions, traditional labor exporting places such as Chongqing, Hunan and Sichuan are ushering in an upsurge of returning home to start a business. Among these entrepreneurs, there are not only returning migrant workers, enterprise managers, but also college students and company employees. With strong nostalgia, they seize the great opportunities for the development of their hometown and bring funds. At present, this trend is in the ascendant. It has brought strong impetus to the urbanization and industrialization of the central and western regions, and also changed China's economic landscape.", "question": "Which of the following is inaccurate in understanding the above words?", "options": ["Returning home to start a business in the central and western regions mainly benefits from the development and transformation in the east.", "The upsurge of returning home to start a business mainly appears in the traditional labor export places.", "Returning home to start a business has become the driving force to promote the development of county economy in central and Western China.", "Returning home to start a business has become a new lever to leverage the transformation of the central and western regions."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3804, "answer": 0, "text": "Sea election refers to a direct election in which no candidate is nominated.", "question": "Which of the following options is not a sea selection?", "options": ["The league congress of a certain unit elects its deputy secretary by a margin of three out of five", "Daxing village election village secretary, the use of self-recommendation, voters vote, get more votes elected method", "A campus literary club recruits several officers and asks for self-recommendation", "A shopping mall is hiring a business manager, requires a bachelor degree or above, 35-38 years old, familiar with business processes"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4643, "answer": 0, "text": "Company separation refers to the act of dividing the company into two or more independent companies in accordance with legal procedures.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following items does not belong to company separation", "options": ["The act of company a establishing two branches without legal personality in country A and country B in order to expand its production and operation field", "According to the resolution of the general meeting of shareholders, company A has established two subsidiaries with legal personality in country A and country B respectively, and still retains the legal personality of company A", "In order to expand its production and operation, company A has established two subsidiaries with legal personality in country A and country B, and moved company A to country C", "The first general meeting of shareholders of company A passed a resolution to divide the company's assets and personnel into two parts, establish a production company and a sales company respectively, and revoke the legal personality of company A"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5183, "answer": 0, "text": "Zhang Xiaomeng, Wang Bing, Li Ping and Xu Xiaomei, senior three students of Beishan No. 1 middle school, have entered the top eight of the school's badminton Torch Cup competition; A said, Wang Bing, Li Ping is the best hope to win the championship. B said: Wang Bing, Li Ping can't win the championship at all. C said: Zhang Xiaomeng is in a bad mental state today, and she can't win the championship. Ding said: Xu Xiaomei can win the gold medal. the result is unknown. Only one person guessed right.", "question": "Which of the following is the winner of the Torch Cup competition?", "options": ["Zhang Xiaomeng.", "Wang Bing.", "Li Ping.", "Xu Xiaomei."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9272, "answer": 2, "text": "Because of their ignorance of Weibo, a director and a director divulged their privacy and exposed their immoral behavior on Weibo, which were investigated and dealt with by the relevant departments. Some netizens were cynical about their actions, lamenting: knowledge changes fate. No knowledge changes fate.", "question": "Which of the following statements is closest to the meaning expressed by the netizen?", "options": ["Whether you have knowledge or not, it will change your destiny", "The saying that knowledge is power is an exaggeration. In fact, power and money are power.", "Knowledge leads to a change in fate from bad to good, and lack of knowledge leads to a change in fate from good to bad", "The original meaning of fate is that it is preordained, and it will not tempt matter to change"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8342, "answer": 3, "text": "From May 1, 2019 to the end of 2019, a total of 113 accidents occurred in new energy vehicles, and fire accidents accounted for a certain proportion. Among the vehicles in fire accidents, passenger cars account for 6%, special-purpose vehicles take the second place, and buses are the lowest. This shows that among the new energy vehicles, the safety of passenger vehicles is much lower than that of special vehicles and buses.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, is the most likely to question the above conclusion?", "options": ["Among the new energy vehicles, passenger cars are the most profitable, and enterprises invest the most in the research and development of their safety facilities.", "Drivers of new energy vehicles and buses generally have a long driving age, a higher level, and a lower accident rate.", "In the fire accidents of new energy vehicles, the number of casualties of passenger vehicles is far less than that of special vehicles and buses.", "According to the agency's statistics, the number of new energy vehicles and buses accounted for less than 10% of the total number of new energy vehicles."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8565, "answer": 1, "text": "Green consumption refers to the consumption behavior characterized by saving resources and protecting the environment, which is mainly manifested as advocating diligence and thrift, reducing loss and waste, choosing efficient and environmentally friendly products and services and reducing the consumption of resources and the emission of pollution in the process of consumption.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to green consumption?", "options": ["Aunt Liu never uses nickel-cadmium batteries in children's electric toys and prefers to use rechargeable batteries.", "Xiao Li pays more attention to hygiene and often chooses disposable chopsticks and paper cups when eating in the canteen.", "Lao Wang is fastidious about ingredients and likes natural foods that are simply cooked, but does not like foods that are processed over and over again and with preservatives.", "A decoration company should spread the concept of new home decoration, emphasize decorating the room with natural materials, and advocate the renovation and utilization of old furniture."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13742, "answer": 2, "text": "Mayor: There has been a long debate in city council about how to accommodate projected increases in automobile traffic. Today, our choice is clear: either we adopt my plan to build a new expressway, or we do nothing. Doing nothing is not a viable option because our existing system of roads would be in gridlock within ten years given even a conservative estimate of future traffic levels. City council should ttherefore adopt my plan.", "question": "The reasoning in the mayor's argument is most vulnerable to which one of the following criticisms?", "options": ["It bases a projection only on conservative estimates rather than considering a wider range of estimates.", "It takes for granted that the options it considers are mutually exclusive.", "It presents a choice that is limited to two options, without giving reasons for not considering any other options.", "It fails to address the issue of the cost of traffic gridlock to the city's economy."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7414, "answer": 3, "text": "Dong has never been to the United States, Canada, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, or Australia. Based on this, there are four inferences: (1) Dong has not been abroad; (2) Dong is not British; (3) Dong has not I have been to European and American countries; (4) Dong has no knowledge of many countries.", "question": "In the above reasoning, Which is the following error?", "options": ["There is 1", "There is 2", "There is 3", "There is 4"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3569, "answer": 1, "text": "Digital divide: refers to the trend of information gaps between different countries, regions, industries, companies, and communities in the global digitalization process due to differences in the degree of ownership, application, and innovation capabilities of information and network technologies.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following phenomena belongs to the digital divide?", "options": ["The reason why Internet TV is popular is that it turns passive reception into active choice", "In the modern market economy environment, large companies have the ability and capital to establish big data systems, and small companies often look to them", "The production technology of developed countries is the main factor in the formation of comparative advantage in trade", "In the Internet age, the speed of information acquisition in large cities and small cities is almost the same"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6133, "answer": 1, "text": "Looking back on the entire industrial chain, the plight of China's milk powder industry is the plight of the upstream small farmer economy. China is at the peak of population birth, and there is a huge gap between the amount of milk powder needed and the production. High-quality milk is a scarce product, especially in the pasture. Today, when dairy farmers are self-supporting, the traditional animal husbandry model has become the biggest constraint to the development of China's milk powder. my country's milk sources cannot meet the skyrocketing market demand. The free-range farming model has been transformed into an industrial pasture-style farming model, which requires many fundamental reforms such as land transfer, agricultural population diversion, and large investment in original capital, which is more difficult than restoring milk powder credit.", "question": "Which of the following is the text intended to illustrate China's milk powder industry?", "options": ["There are inherent deficiencies in the layout of the industrial chain.", "Difficulties in changing the production model.", "It is difficult to get rid of import dependence in a short time.", "It will take time to restore its own industry credit."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8789, "answer": 1, "text": "When he was a child, Jin Yuelin, a late famous logician in China, after hearing that money is like dirt and friends are worth thousands of gold, found that there were logical problems, because they could draw the absurd conclusion that friends are like dirt.", "question": "Since friends are like dirt, this conclusion is not valid, which of the following options can be logically inferred?", "options": ["Money is like dirt is false", "If friends are really worth thousands of gold, then money is not like dirt", "The saying that friends are worth thousands of gold is true", "Money is like dirt and friends are worth thousands of gold are either true or false"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1200, "answer": 1, "text": "Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's urbanization process has been accelerating. The urbanization rate has increased at an average annual rate of 1%, from 17.9% in 1978 to 51.27%, and the urban population has increased from 172 million to 690 million. Nevertheless, compared with 78% of the Urbanization rate in developed countries, there is still much room for development. According to the annual growth rate of 1% of the urbanization rate, China's urbanization rate should really reach the level of developed countries. There is still a development period of about 30 years. Urbanization is of positive significance in coordinating urban and rural development, changing the dual economic structure, realizing urban-rural population transfer, optimizing urban spatial layout, boosting industrial structure, upgrading consumption structure, and accelerating the flow and agglomeration of production factors.", "question": "Which of the following is the main message conveyed by the above words?", "options": ["China's urbanization has great development space and great potential.", "Urbanization is an important engine to promote China's economic growth in the future.", "Since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization has developed most rapidly.", "Urbanization is the only way to accelerate the overall development of urban and rural areas."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4150, "answer": 1, "text": "From the phenomenological point of view, humor is a kind of distortion to the general logic of things, but it must be a reflection of conscious reason, it can not be separated from the normal thinking and healthy psychology of human beings, so humor is a reflection of human healthy psychology.", "question": "Based on the above statement, which of the following conclusions can be inferred?", "options": ["The essence of humor is to link unrelated things together to make them logically confused and produce comedic effects.", "The logic contained in humor is often different from normal logic.", "Humor requires rich imagination.", "People's normal thinking and healthy psychology constitute the sufficient condition of humor."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4545, "answer": 2, "text": "Driving is a risky traffic behavior. The psychological, physiological and behavioral characteristics of drivers have a great impact on driving safety, which often determines whether potential accidents may occur. The research shows that female drivers have low discrimination ability to complex traffic environment, and respond less actively than men in stress environment, so they can't cope with emergencies. In addition, There are also significant differences in physical conditions between male and female drivers. The average gap between men and women is quite obvious in terms of vision, physical strength and spatial ability. Therefore, it is suggested that compared with male drivers, female drivers do have the side of road killer, that is, they are more likely to cause serious traffic accidents.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, cannot refute the above view?", "options": ["The probability of major accidents caused by female drivers is much lower than that of male drivers, and the death toll of female drivers is about 1 / 50 of that of male drivers", "Compared with male drivers, female drivers have better driving habits and pay more attention to not speeding, which is conducive to driving safety", "Although there are a large number of female drivers with driver's licenses, there are not many real drivers. Take Beijing as an example, the ratio of male and female drivers is 7:3", "On average, the incidence of fully responsible traffic accidents for male drivers is much higher than that of female drivers for the same mileage"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1048, "answer": 0, "text": "An international organization released a research report on multilateral agreements, pointing out that multilateral agreements will significantly reduce trade costs by reducing the red tape of international trade. Among them, the trade costs of developed countries will be reduced by 10% and those of developing countries will be reduced by 13%-15.5%. Every 1% reduction in global trade costs will bring more than 4 billion dollars to the global economy. The organization's analysis believes that the signing of multilateral agreements has greatly promoted the development of the global economy.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most questions the results of the organization's analysis?", "options": ["The multilateral agreements have not been implemented in most countries.", "After the signing of the agreement, the global trade volume has not changed significantly in the near future.", "It is impossible to know the global trade cost from the trade cost of developed and developing countries.", "The inconsistent comparison of trade cost reduction between developing and developed countries will affect the reduction of global trade cost."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7072, "answer": 1, "text": "Due to fierce competition for survival in the ecological zone, the number of old elephants is decreasing year by year and the survival rate of young elephants is increasing.", "question": "Following this trend, which of the following options will be inferred within two years?", "options": ["There will be fewer old elephants than young ones.", "The proportion of young elephants will rise.", "The proportion of young elephants will decrease.", "The proportion of young elephants will increase."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11040, "answer": 0, "text": "Some have argued that body size influences mating decisions throughout all societies. Their argument rests largely on self-reports of university-age students and on analyses of personal advertisements in newspapers for dating partners.", "question": "The reasoning in the argument described above is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument", "options": ["bases a conclusion on a sample that may be unrepresentative of the population about which the conclusion is drawn", "draws a universal conclusion on the basis of a very small number of individual cases", "concludes that one kind of event causes another kind of event without ruling out the possibility that both kinds of events are the result of a third kind of event", "concludes that an effect has only one cause in the face of evidence that the effect has multiple causes"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7832, "answer": 1, "text": "Wang Ping is the manager of the Phoenix Company. All of Li Qiang's friends work in the Phoenix Company. Hu Bin is a friend of Li Qiang. Some employees in the Phoenix Company are from Hunan, and all the employees in the Phoenix Company are college students.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct according to the above definition?", "options": ["Li Qiang has some friends with low academic qualifications", "Hu Bin is a college student", "Hu Bin from Hunan", "Wang Ping and Li Qiang are friends"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 728, "answer": 2, "text": "Physiologists have found that human brain hair, which is in charge of advanced cognitive functions such as memory and thinking, has six layers under normal circumstances. If the fetus lacks an enzyme called Cdk5, the development of cerebral cortex will become extremely slow and can not finally form the layered structure of normal cerebral cortex, which will seriously affect children's cognitive development. Some people in the medical industry speculate that using this discovery, It is expected to develop drugs to generally improve students' learning ability", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, cannot question the above speculation?", "options": ["Human body cannot absorb the externally supplemented Cdk5 enzyme", "Students' learning ability is mainly obtained through acquired learning", "After teenagers pass the critical period of brain development, the supplement of ddk5 enzyme does not work (partially acknowledged, can not be questioned)", "Some people with high content of pulsed Cdk5 enzyme do not have outstanding learning ability"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12494, "answer": 3, "text": "Patricia: During Japan' s Tokugawa period, martial arts experts known as ninjas were trained for the purposes of espionage and assassination. Yet at that time there was actually very little ninja activity in Japan, and most Japanese did not fear ninjas. Tamara: That is not true. Many wealthy Japanese during the Tokugawa period had their houses constructed with intentionally squeaky floors so that they would receive warning if a ninja were in the house.", "question": "Of the following, which one, if true, is the strongest counter Patricia can make to Tamara's objection?", "options": ["As part of their secret training, ninjas learned to walk on squeaky floors without making a sound.", "The fighting prowess of ninjas was exaggerated to mythic proportions in the years following the Tokugawa period.", "Many poor Japanese during the Tokugawa period also had houses constructed with intentionally squeaky floors.", "The wealthy made up a small portion of Japan's population during the Tokugawa period."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9789, "answer": 1, "text": "Related marketing means that businesses find the relevance of the marketing content of products and brands through the integration of resources, so as to achieve deep and multifaceted guidance.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings does not reflect related marketing?", "options": ["The main product of a sporting goods store is swimsuit, which is also sold with sunscreen, sunglasses and sunhats next to the swimsuit area", "By building an experience space, a TV manufacturer can make customers feel the visual experience brought by the LCD screen, so as to promote the sales of TV sets", "A mother and baby website speculates the age of the child according to the children's diapers purchased by the customer, so as to recommend more products that children of this age need to use on the shopping page", "The best-selling product of a clothing company is a kind of round-neck T-shirt with a certain pattern. at the same time, the company also produces V-collar T-shirt and vertical-collar T-shirt with this pattern, which also sells well"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10723, "answer": 3, "text": "Stylistic evidence and laboratory evidence strongly support the claim that the magnificent painting Garden of Eden is a work of the Flemish master van Eyck. Nevertheless, the painting must have been the work of someone else, as any one with a little historical and zoological knowledge can tell merely by looking at the painting. The animals in the painting are all vivid representations of actual animals, including armadillos. Yet armadillos are native only to the Americas, and van Eyck died decades before Europeans reached the Americas.", "question": "In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?", "options": ["The first is a position that the argument seeks to reject; the second is evidence that the argument uses against that position.", "The first is a judgment that serves as the basis for the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that main conclusion.", "The first is an intermediate conclusion drawn in order to support a further conclusion stated in the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that intermediate conclusion.", "The first presents the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8393, "answer": 2, "text": "What kind of road to advance along the rule of law is directly related to the success or failure of the construction of socialist rule of law. There is no model of the rule of law of truth that applies wherever it is put in the world. If we copy the rule of law model of other countries blindly from the reality of our own country, it will have a negative effect on economic and social development. In practice, some countries simply copy the rule of law model of other countries, which not only does not achieve good governance, but also increases the factors of social instability. The rule of law is the basic feature and fundamental guarantee of modern national governance. Any country that carries out the construction of the rule of law must explore its own road of rule of law.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to describe this passage?", "options": ["The rule of law directly determines the success or failure of the construction of the rule of law.", "The construction of rule of law cannot be separated from the practice of rule of law in our country.", "We should firmly explore the road of the rule of law that suits us.", "There is no model of the rule of law of truth that applies wherever it is put."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 725, "answer": 0, "text": "Self handicapping means that individuals coordinate obstacles in advance to create a reasonable excuse for failure, so as to protect their self-worth and maintain their self-image.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to self handicapping?", "options": ["Xiao Zhou and Xiao Tian ran for monitor together. Xiao Tian told his friends that Xiao Zhou studied well and was popular. He also worked as a cadre in the student association. The teachers liked him better. I guess it's over. Finally, Xiao Zhou was elected monitor", "Xiao Wang is about to attend an interview with a company, but he always feels that he can't pass. The day before the interview, he was sent to the hospital because of sudden illness and missed the interview", "After graduation, Xiao Li entered insurance gonghuai as a sales agent. He didn't sign a contract in the first month. He explained that the market situation was very bad due to the global financial crisis", "Xiao Ming's Chinese score has always been among the best in his class. Before each exam, he told his classmates that he would fail the exam if he was in bad condition, but his final score was within the top three"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9413, "answer": 2, "text": "The hot stove effect means that anyone in the organization who violates the rules and regulations will be punished. It gets its name because there are many similarities between touching a hot stove and imposing punishment. Hot stove vividly expounds the principle of punishment: first, the principle of warning. The hot stove is so hot that you don't have to touch it to know that it is hot. For example, the leaders of enterprises should often educate their subordinates in rules and regulations. Second, the principle of consistency. Every time you touch a hot stove, you are sure to get burned. As long as you violate the rules and regulations, you will certainly be punished. Third, the principle of immediacy. When you touch the hot stove, you get burned immediately. Punishment must be carried out immediately after the occurrence of the wrong act and must not be dragged on. Fourth, the principle of fairness. Whoever touches the hot stove will get burned.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not reflect the hot stove effect?", "options": ["The prince violates the law and will be punished like ordinary people without special treatment.", "Don't commit a crime in person if you know it is forbidden by law.", "Although there is misconduct, if the party concerned does not submit a request for prosecution to the authorities, the authorities should not pursue it.", "The law does not favor the powerful, and the ink line does not tilt to the curved place."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11477, "answer": 2, "text": "Editor: Many candidates say that if elected they will reduce governmental intrusion into voters' lives. But voters actually elect politicians who instead promise that the government will provide assistance to solve their most pressing problems. Governmental assistance, however, costs money, and money can come only from taxes, which can be considered a form of governmental intrusion. Thus, governmental intrusion into the lives of voters will rarely be substantially reduced over time in a democracy.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the editor's argument?", "options": ["Politicians who promise to do what they actually believe ought to be done are rarely elected.", "Politicians never promise what they really intend to do once in office.", "Politicians who win their elections usually keep their campaign promises.", "The most common problems people have are financial problems."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9415, "answer": 0, "text": "Green transportation refers to the transportation characterized by saving energy and reducing exhaust gas emissions. The ways of its implementation mainly include: reasonable selection of means and routes of transport, overcoming circuitous and repeated transportation, in order to achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction; improving the technology of internal combustion engines and the use of clean fuel to improve energy efficiency; prevent leakage in the process of transportation to avoid serious environmental harm to local areas.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to green transportation?", "options": ["Imported fruits, snacks and daily necessities are transported by air and distributed through the cold chain in the city, which are distributed step by step by multi-level dealers.", "E-commerce carries out intensive distribution to the same area, collecting and delivering goods uniformly, so as to reduce the flow of goods and the rate of empty load as much as possible.", "A delivery company introduces a new model with higher fuel efficiency and larger cargo capacity, which consumes less fuel and flies farther.", "The transportation of logistics in a certain place makes full use of renewable fuel and hybrid power technology, and drivers are trained regularly."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1178, "answer": 3, "text": "The concept of modernization that we and we have understood in the past is only limited to the material level and to the surface economization, which is also a long-standing universal problem in late-developing countries.On the material level, the desire becomes very strong, while on the institutional and conceptual level, it is the situation of cultural conservatism. For the impact on the actual process of modernization, it is needless to say that its impact on learning leads to the vulgarization of knowledge.Constantly changing new words and repeating old ideas under the pretence of new words, the result is the constant change of words and slogans, while there is no substantial change in social ethos.", "question": "Which of the following is the most likely meaning of the passage?", "options": ["Modernization should include three levels: material, institutional and conceptual", "One sided understanding of modernization is a long-standing universal problem in late developing countries", "The backward situation at the material level is an important factor for late developing countries to unilaterally understand modernization", "A one-sided understanding of modernization will lead to the popularization of knowledge"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2648, "answer": 3, "text": "The ancients recorded the years with dry branch. Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentahexyl, hexyl ,nonyl ,and decyl are ten dry, also known asTiangan.Zi,Chou,Yin,Mao,Chen,Si,Wu,Wei,Shen,You,Xu,Hai was already 12 branches, also known as the Earth Branch.In turn, the dry days are used to distribute the branches of the earth, such as Jiazi, Yichou and Bingyin,,, Gui you, Jia xu, Yi hai, Bing zi, etc., are repeated every 60 years, commonly known as sixty Huajiazi. According to the chronology of the stem and branch, the year 2014 is the year of Jia Wu, and the year 2015 is the year of Yi Wei.", "question": "Based on the above statement, which of the following can be derived?", "options": ["Modern people no longer need to keep dry branch to recorded the years", "There will be an Jiachou year in the 21st century", "The year of the dry branch is beneficial to agricultural work", "According to the chronology of the dry branches, the year 2087 is Dingwei year"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2465, "answer": 1, "text": "In 1995, the proportion of married young couples between the ages of 25 and 30 living with their parents or in laws was 15%, while in 2002, the proportion rose to 46%. Therefore, in 2002, it was more difficult for married young couples in this age group to live independently.", "question": "The above conclusion is based on which of the following assumptions?", "options": ["Young couples in this age group who can't stand on their own prefer to live with their peers rather than with both parents.", "Young couples in this age group will not choose to live with their parents as long as they can live independently.", "Although some young couples in this age group lived with their parents or in laws at the time of the survey, they lived independently before that.", "From 1995 to 2002, the number of houses suitable for young couples to buy and rent decreased year by year."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.