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{"id": 11677, "answer": 2, "text": "Sociologist: Research shows, contrary to popular opinion, that, all other things being equal, most people who have pets are less happy than most people who do not. Ttherefore, any person who wants to be as happy as possible would do well to consider not having a pet.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the sociologist's argument?", "options": ["Most people who have no pets occasionally wish that they had pets.", "All people who have no pets admit to feeling unhappy sometimes.", "Most people who have pets feel happier because they have pets.", "Some people who have pets are happier than most people who do not."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8911, "answer": 1, "text": "The members of the printing group and the bookbinding group are mainly from the following seven employees - F, G, H, J, K, L and M. The members of each group must meet the following conditions: (1) Each group has at least 3 employees . (2) F and K cannot be in the same group. (3) If K is in a certain group, J must also be in this group. (4) M is a member of at least one of these two groups. (5) Both groups have at least one same employee.", "question": "If the members of the printing group are composed of F, H, L and M and the members of the binding group are composed of G, H and J, then which member of the two groups can K replace without violating any of the given conditions?", "options": ["F", "G", "H", "L"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5522, "answer": 0, "text": "In many mobile apps, there is the problem of over collecting information, which has aroused public doubts. Once users authorize apps to collect this information, they are most worried about the security of private information. In this era of rapid development of information, absolute information security is almost impossible. In recent years, Facebook leaked users in the United States and the recent killing of big data in China, As the most basic telecommunications service provider, operators have hundreds of millions of users' privacy data. Once there is a problem, the consequences are even more difficult to estimate.", "question": "Which of the followings can be introduced?", "options": ["The collection and use of hidden information by mobile app and telecom operators must be standardized", "Individuals must pay attention to information security and use mobile app as little as possible", "Domestic Internet users should not use Facebook, let alone register", "Countries and individuals must resist the killing of big data and standardize the collection and use of big data"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9220, "answer": 1, "text": "The Fed has always wanted to launch a third round of quantitative and loose monetary policy, also known as QE3, to boost the recovery of the US economy. If the Fed launches QE3, the global supply of dollars will increase sharply again, and countries will have to buy dollar assets in order to maintain exchange rate stability. If countries buy dollar assets, it will increase inflationary pressure in their own countries. If you don't want to import inflation, countries have to let their currencies appreciate. If the local currency appreciates, it will depress domestic exports and lead to an economic downturn.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the followings must be true?", "options": ["If the Fed launches QE3, other countries should not buy dollar assets if they want to avoid a downturn in their own economies.", "Other countries are either facing imported inflationary pressures or are in danger of economic decline.", "If other countries do not have imported inflation and currency appreciation, the Fed does not launche QE3.", "If other countries do not experience imported inflationary pressures, they will not let their currencies appreciate."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 65, "answer": 2, "text": "There are 4 cups on the table, each with a sentence written on it. The first cup: There is beer in all cups: The second cup: Coke in this cup: The third cup: There is no coffee in this cup: The fourth cup: There is no beer in some cups. Only one sentence of the 4 is true.", "question": "So which of the following is true?", "options": [" There is beer in all the glasses", " There is no coke in all the cups", " There is coffee in the third cup", " There is coke in the second cup"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11774, "answer": 2, "text": "For the United States meat industry, there is good news and bad news. The bad news is that over the last three years people in the United States have been eating less meat. The good news, is that during this same time period meat producers' profits have risen steadily.", "question": "Which of the following, if true during the last three years, contributes most to a resolution of the apparent discrepancy above?", "options": ["In the United States many new restaurants that specialize in vegetarian meals have opened.", "Meat producers have invested large amounts of money in advertising in order to win back consumers who have decreased their meet consumption.", "Countries that are unable to produce enough meat for their populations have become a new and lucrative market for United States meat producers.", "Competition from the growing fish industry has forced meat producers to sell meat at bargain prices in an attempt to attract more consumers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5804, "answer": 3, "text": "A law firm has a staff of 12. Some people can't use a computer. (3) The director can't use a computer.", "question": "Only one of these three statements is true. Which of the following correctly states the number of people who use computers in a law firm?", "options": ["Twelve people will use it", "12 people no one will use", "Only one person will use", "Only one person will use"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2495, "answer": 0, "text": "A British experiment found that after separating female dog from their young children, they were mixed with a group of adult dogs and puppies of the same kind, and then put the female dogs into the pack. The female dog will soon join her children. Studies have shown that dogs' body odor is the basis on which they identify each other. Puppies can't tell the smell of their mother from that of other female dogs. So every female dog can tell the smell of her children.", "question": "Which of the following methods is used in the above argument?", "options": ["Of the two alternative interpretations of a phenomenon, determine the other by excluding one", "Through the objective description of the occurrence, the hypothesis about a possible occurrence is supported", "Explain a special case in order to demonstrate a law", "By using the method of analogy, according to the fact that the two groups of objects have some similar characteristics, it is concluded that they have another common feature"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1166, "answer": 1, "text": "Every kind of behavior comes from a certain thought, and it is not necessarily a signal of action. the more people make full use of language tools to exchange ideas freely, the more they can achieve correct understanding to dominate more rational actions. Therefore, suppressing speech is often not an action to prevent mistakes, but to prevent deliberate actions, and the result must be that if the pressure is large enough, people will be passive, and if the pressure is small, people will move at will.", "question": "Which of the following is the most likely meaning of the passage?", "options": ["Where there is thought, there is action", "Restricting speech restricts thought", "Restricting speech can restrict movement", "Action comes from thought"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8770, "answer": 0, "text": "A company has six general manager assistants F, G, H, I, M and P, and three departments. Each department is just under the charge of three general manager assistants. Each general manager assistant is in charge of at least one department. The following conditions must be met: (1) there is and only one general manager assistant in charge of three departments at the same time. (2) F and G are not in charge of the same department. (3) H and I are not in charge of the same department.", "question": "Which of the following options must be correct?", "options": ["Some general manager assistants are in charge of two departments properly", "Some general manager assistants are in charge of two departments properly", "M and P are in charge of only one department", "No department is under the charge of F, M and P"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14584, "answer": 3, "text": "Two crucial claims of relativity theory can be directly confirmed. Utilizing elementary particles in high-energy accelerators, we can demonstrate that at high velocities objects are subject to time dilation and an increase in mass. However, a third claim of the theory, the Lorentz contraction thesis, which is connected to the other two, is not directly confirmable. But the fact that the theory in general is supported by experimental results indirectly confirms the contraction thesis.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the principle underlying the reasoning above?", "options": ["Any theory that is not inconsistent with experimental results is acceptable.", "One must confirm all the theses of a theory before accepting the theory generally.", "The theses of a physical theory that cannot be confirmed by observable phenomena can only be confirmed indirectly.", "A thesis that is related to other theses can be indirectly confirmed by the direct verification of the others."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7602, "answer": 1, "text": "Body image disorder, also known as negative body self, is an individual's negative cognition of the body, negative emotional experience and corresponding behavior regulation. It includes stereotyped, emotional and overemphasized evaluation of information such as weight, figure and food.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following does not belong to body image disorder?", "options": ["Before going out every day, Zhang Gui laments in front of the mirror why he doesn't gain weight for a long time", "Hou Zhen thinks he is strong and likes to show off his chest muscles in the gym", "Li Jing was diagnosed with anorexia after going on a diet for a period of time because she was too fat", "Zhao Min worried all day that she would be abandoned by her husband if she gained weight"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4318, "answer": 1, "text": "Although the fact is that the sanitation inspection procedures of institutions that prepare banquets are much stricter than those of ordinary restaurants, there are more food poisoning cases reported to the municipal health department than ordinary restaurants.", "question": "Which of the following can best explain the above phenomenon?", "options": ["At any time, there are more people eating in restaurants than attending banquets", "People are unlikely to establish a connection between eating a meal and the disease that ensues, unless the disease affects an interconnected group", "The number of reported food poisoning cases at banquets has nothing to do with the nature of the service place", "The organizations that prepare banquets know how many people they have to serve, so they are less likely to have surplus food than ordinary restaurants-a major cause of food poisoning"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6863, "answer": 1, "text": "The strange phenomenon of the strange slope that occurred in the land of China has become a hot land for people to explore with its incredible magical power. Interestingly, the strange slope similar to easy uphill and strenuous downhill, in Many countries around the world have also found many places.", "question": "Which of the following options is incorrect based on the above materials?", "options": ["There is a strange slope phenomenon in China, and many people pay close attention to it", "Up to now, people are still unable to explain the phenomenon of strange slope", "The phenomenon of strange slope appears in many countries of the world, and it is not uncommon", "Many people pay close attention to the incredible power of the strange slope phenomenon"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6061, "answer": 1, "text": "The own person effect means that in the information acceptance activity, the listener feels that the information communicator has similarities or similarities with himself in many aspects, and psychologically regards him as his own person, thus increasing the influence of the communicator.", "question": "By definition, which of the following options produces a own effect?", "options": ["The head teacher called several students who delayed their studies because of the Internet to the office, and said, I, like you, came from middle school, when we didn't know what the Internet was and focused on our studies.", "My son, like your daughter, learned English with this CD when he was three years old, and he especially liked the cartoon characters inside, and he can now communicate in English, a salesman told customers while promoting the children's English early education CD", "Lincoln, who was born into a poor family and ran for president as a very wealthy rival, attacked poor people, to which Lincoln responded: I really have nothing to rely on, the only thing to rely on is you, my dear voters.", "A good-looking, slim star, on television class of a weight loss products to do endorsements, advertising is you can be as beautiful as I am. "], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5176, "answer": 0, "text": "Anchor sinking effect refers to the fact that when people make judgments about something, they are susceptible to the first impression or first information, which fixes people's thoughts somewhere like an anchor sinking into the sea. The first impression and preconceivedness are its manifestations in social life.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not anchor sinking effect?", "options": ["The boy invited the girl he liked and said: Shall we hang out? The girl felt that it was natural to refuse, and if she agreed, it will be too proactive, so she said: Next time. The boy thought the girl had no intention of interacting with him.", "A waiter in a porridge shop always asks: Add one egg or two? Another waiter always asks: Do you add eggs? The daily sales of the first store are always higher than the latter.", "The neighbor stole Washington's horse and was found to refuse to admit it. Washington covered the horse's eyes and asked the neighbor: Which eye of the horse is blind? The neighbor said right eye. In fact, both eyes of the horse are fine.", "You go to the shopping mall and the shopping guide lady persuades you to say: Anyway, you came out to buy shoes. A or B are suitable for your temperament. Please choose one pair. Then you chose one of them."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5864, "answer": 2, "text": "Skinner's operational conditioning theory is a fundamental part of the reinforcement principle.Skinner referred to reinforcement as any event in which conditioning increases the probability of an individual's operant response. He distinguished between two types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. The increase in stimulus is positive reinforcement when there is an increase in the probability of an increase in a stimulus in the environment. And negative reinforcement occurs when a stimulus in the environment decreases while the probability of a behavioral response increases.", "question": "Which of the following is not positive reinforcement?", "options": ["The teacher praised the students for their discipline in class.", "Parents give material encouragement to children who do well in exams.", "The school dismisses a student whose behavior has improved.", "The boss of the company increases the salary of employees who work hard."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10806, "answer": 3, "text": "Sociologists study folktales because they provide a means of understanding the distinctive values of a culture. However, the folktales in almost all cultures are adaptations of the same ancient narratives to the local milieu.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?", "options": ["The ancient narratives persist largely because they speak to basic themes and features of the human condition.", "Because no single person is the author of a folktale, folktales must reflect the values of a culture rather than those of an individual.", "Folktales are often oral traditions that persist from times when few people left written materials.", "The manner in which a culture adapts its narratives reveals information about the values of that culture."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10623, "answer": 0, "text": "Jessica: The budget surplus should be used only to increase government payments to those who are unemployed. Marcie: A better use of the money would be for a public works project that would create jobs.", "question": "On the basis of their statements, Jessica and Marcie are committed to disagreeing about the truth of which one of the following?", "options": ["There is a better way to use the budget surplus than increasing government payments to those who are unemployed.", "Using the budget surplus to increase government payments to those who are unemployed is putting the money to good use.", "The public deserves to have jobs created when there are many people who are unemployed.", "Creating jobs through a public works project will ultimately benefit the public."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9366, "answer": 0, "text": "The arithmetic mean describes the average trend of a set of data and is the sum of all data divided by the number of data. When used in statistics, it should be noted that the arithmetic mean cannot be calculated when extreme values, ambiguous data or data of different qualities are present.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is suitable for calculating the arithmetic mean?", "options": ["The average age of residents in a community was calculated, including 204 children under 10 years old and 26 old people over 90 years old", "A company statistics of the annual average income of young workers under the age of 35, found that the basic between 100,000 to 120,000 yuan, one of the company's executives, annual income of more than one million yuan", "A school statistics of the average height of the school's teenagers, including all the pre-school, primary and secondary school students", "A city calculates the average number of left-behind children in the districts and counties of the city. The districts and counties with a large number of migrant workers cannot make accurate statistics and only provide estimated data"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12337, "answer": 1, "text": "Historian: The Land Party achieved its only national victory in Banestria in 1935. It received most of its support that year in rural and semirural areas, where the bulk of Banestria' s population lived at the time. The economic woes of the years surrounding that election hit agricultural and small business interests the hardest, and the Land Party specifically targeted those groups in 1935. I conclude that the success of the Land Party that year was due to the combination of the Land Party' s specifically addressing the concerns of these groups and the depth of the economic problems people in these groups were facing.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, strengthens the historian's argument EXCEPT:", "options": ["Voters are more likely to vote for a political party that focuses on their problems.", "In preceding elections the Land Party made no attempt to address the interests of economically distressed urban groups.", "The greater the degree of economic distress someone is in, the more likely that person is to vote.", "No other major party in Banestria specifically addressed the issues of people who lived in semirural areas in 1935."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4934, "answer": 2, "text": "In the face of increasingly severe environmental pollution and ecological imbalances, the slogan We have only one earth has a strong shock, and it reminds people to pay attention to the importance of environmental protection.", "question": "Which of the following is closest to the idea of the proponent of this slogan?", "options": ["In the universe, there can be no life on other planets", "In the universe, even if there are other planets suitable for human habitation, humans cannot move to that planet", "It is impossible for humans to find a planet that is more suitable for their own living than the earth", "Only the earth has warm sunshine and plenty of rain"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5130, "answer": 1, "text": "Phobia refers to the patient's strong fear of a certain object or situation or when interacting with people, and take the initiative to avoid to relieve the anxiety.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is phobia?", "options": ["Xiaohong has been afraid of bugs since she was a child, and she hid behind her parents when she saw them. Now Xiaohong is 20 years old, she is still afraid of bugs, and she screams and jumps when she sees them.", "The construction worker Xiao Zhang fell off the high fence at one time and caused a fracture. After his recovery, he was afraid of reaching the high place and changed his job. He moved his house to the first floor, and he dared not even watch TV about the high altitude. ", "Yu Yanyan is particularly afraid of the dark, and when it is almost dark, she has to go home as soon as possible, unless she goes to a night market with more lights. If she needs to be in a dark place, she dares to go unless someone must be with her.", "Liu Yan is a very introverted person. She blushes at the sight of strangers. When meeting members of the opposite sex, things get wrose that she can't even speak, soshe is particularly afraid of social occasions. She is very nervous every time when the company organizes activities."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4331, "answer": 1, "text": "Xinhua University has a sanatorium in Beidaihe that receives its faculty and staff every summer. Last summer, the occupancy rate of the sanatorium, that is the utilization rate of all beds, was 87%. The faculty and staff who came to recuperate here accounted for 10% of the school's faculty and staff. The proportion of faculty and staff who came to recuperate here this summer fell to 8%, but the occupancy rate rose to 92%.", "question": "If the following items are true, which one is not conducive to explaining the above seemingly contradictory data?", "options": ["A new school of science has been established in the university this year, and the total number of faculty has increased greatly compared with last year", "After the renovation last winter, the quality of the facilities of the sanatorium has been significantly improved, which has greatly increased its attractiveness to convalescents", "This year the total number of guest rooms in the sanatorium remains unchanged, but the proportion of single rooms has increased from the original 5% to 10%; the double rooms have increased from the original 40% to 60%", "Some guest rooms of the sanatorium last year have been changed to a pedicure health room or chess and card entertainment room this year"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5069, "answer": 3, "text": "We business generally refers to a small individual behavior that takes an individual as a unit, uses the carrier channels derived from the Web3.0 era, combines the traditional methods with the Internet, has no regional restrictions, and can move to achieve a new breakthrough in the sales channel", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is we business?", "options": ["A large cosmetics company sells goods on wechat accounts, attracting a large number of consumers", "An optical shop has attracted many young consumers to buy through vigorous publicity", "Li's hotel provides telephone reservation and door-to-door delivery service for surrounding residents", "Zhang's clothing store in the city center has a good business. He sells more on wechat"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 639, "answer": 3, "text": "At present, the widely used mechanical metamaterial has excellent characteristics such as negative thermal expansion, and high strength and high stiffness at low weight. However, once this mechanical metamaterial is constructed, its properties cannot be changed or adjusted. Recently, researchers have developed a new type of material which overcome this problem. It is certain that in the near future, robots, smart wearable equipment and other fields will definitely fundamentally change.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, will most support the above conclusion?", "options": ["At present, some research teams have discussed the specific application prospects of this new material with the research team of the new material. ", "From the synthesis of a new material to the specific practical application of the material, it is necessary to overcome a variety of unpredictable difficulties", "The stability of this new material's response to the magnetic field and its requirements for the intensity of the magnetic field are still being repeatedly detected and tested.", "History has proved that every breakthrough in new technologies and new materials will quickly cause drastic changes in related application fields."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9147, "answer": 3, "text": "The model in which the government cooperates with private enterprises to complete a certain project (referred to as PPP) can enable the government to obtain funds, and also allow social capital to enter the fields of public utilities such as electricity and railways. The problem in this model is that the government defaults or the investors default and cause economic losses to the other party. In previous PPP projects, government default was not a small probability event. Although local government defaults are not uncommon, investors are still actively investing in PPP projects.", "question": "Which of the following statements, if true, best explains the above seemingly contradictory phenomenon?", "options": ["With the reform of the economic system and the promotion of new urbanization construction, the PPP model has high expectations from all walks of life", "The PPP model is relatively complicated, and the negotiating ability and PPP professional ability of local governments are not as good as that of investors", "This year, the National Development and Reform Commission released 80 important projects to encourage social capital to participate in construction and operation through PPP and other means", "In order to prevent the economic losses caused by the default of local governments, investors try to transfer other interests to their own enterprises"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 374, "answer": 3, "text": "Enterprise strategic alliance is a long-term alliance and cooperation agreement between two or more economic entities (generally referring to enterprises, if certain departments between enterprises have reached an alliance relationship, this definition also works) in order to achieve specific strategic goals and take shared risks and shared benefits", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to enterprise strategic alliances?", "options": ["Someone authorizes his own patent to a certain factory for long-term use, and the profits are distributed according to the agreement", "An auto parts company signed a contract with an auto manufacturer to provide high-quality parts to the manufacturer at favorable prices for a long time", "In order to reserve talents, a company has reached an agreement with the computer department of a prestigious university, and the annual graduates of the faculty can participate in the company's recruitment interview", "In order to meet the challenges of foreign mobile phone manufacturers, three domestic mobile phone manufacturers reached a 10-year cooperation agreement to jointly develop high-end mobile phones"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4439, "answer": 2, "text": "Song Jiang, Lin Chong and Wu Song each bought a car, namely BMW, Audi and Land Rover. Wu Yong guessed that Song Jiang chose Land Rover, Lin Chong would not choose Audi, and Wu Song certainly did not choose Land Rover, but he only guessed the choice of one of them.", "question": "Which of the followings can be infered", "options": ["Song Jiang chose Audi, Lin Chong chose Land Rover and Wu Song chose BMW", "Song Jiang chose Land Rover, Lin Chong chose Audi and Wu Song chose BMW", "Song Jiang chose Audi, Lin Chong chose BMW and Wu Song chose Land Rover", "Song Jiang chose BMW, Lin Chong chose Audi and Wu Song chose Land Rover"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8014, "answer": 3, "text": "As an ancient country with five thousand years of uninterrupted civilization, China is rich in intangible cultural heritage. These living cultures not only constitute the profound cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, but also bear the genes of the cultural origin of the Chinese nation. However, with the acceleration of China's modernization, cultural standardization and the change of environmental conditions, there are still countless cultural heritages in an endangered state, which, like shadows, may disappear at any time.", "question": "Which of the following summarizes this passage most accurately?", "options": ["There should be new ideas for the protection of cultural heritage", "Pay attention to the new problems brought about by modernization", "Under the new situation, it is urgent to strengthen the protection of cultural heritage", "Many factors threaten the survival of cultural heritage"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7409, "answer": 0, "text": "Virtual expression: refers to a way of expressing imaginary rather than real occurrences.", "question": "Which of the following is not virtual expressions?", "options": ["If you connect the brighter stars in Sagittarius, it looks like a small spoon", "If the manager was on the scene yesterday, the problem would be solved", "Xiao Zhao has repeatedly dreamed that he had landed on the moon in a spacecraft", "Even if this machine is repaired, it won't play a big role"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7145, "answer": 1, "text": "An offer is a proposal made to one or more specific persons to conclude a contract. If its content is very definite and indicates that the offeror has the intention to be bound by its offer once it is accepted. Typical case: on June 8, 2016, Party A sent a telegram to Party B, we have a batch of canned grapes here, do you need it? and received a reply from Party B the next day: If necessary, please give details of the goods and price. Party A sent a power message on June 13: 1500 cases of canned grapes, 545g tin skin, 20 bottles per case, unit price of each bottle is 2.10 yuan, the quality meets the national standard, and the freight of the whole batch of goods is 1200 yuan After receiving the power, Party B called back and requested to change the 545g tin sheet to 300g tin sheet, and requested delivery in the middle of August, and payment at sight. On June 17, considering that the quantity of 300g tin sheet in its inventory was small, Party A had difficulties in delivery in the middle of August and could not meet the needs of Party B, so Party A sent a power generation to tell Party B: we only have 545g tin sheet, which can be delivered in the middle of August. Party B called back on June 21: You sent us a telegram on June 17. We agree. Please also consider the goods with a scale of 300g tin sheet.", "question": "According to the above definition, how many offers are there in the above cases?", "options": ["2", "3", "4", "5"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9778, "answer": 0, "text": "Objectively speaking, in order to realize self-driving, it is far from enough to rely on the upgrading of the car itself, and it is also necessary to upgrade the urban road to intelligent management so as to achieve the linkage between the car and the urban transportation system. Cars can have more eyes to observe the surrounding road conditions and discover potential dangers. However, in the current technology and environment is not perfect, driverless cars can not be as accurate as the human brain, can not rush on the road. This is also what self-driving developers should pay attention to. Research and development should be thoughtful rather than radical. After all, whether self-driving can cope with a complex road environment must be tested by a road test.", "question": "Which of the followings is the content that this text is meant to emphasize?", "options": ["The application of autopilot technology needs to move forward steadily", "The safety is the first principle in the application of autopilot technology", "The realization of autopilot can not be achieved without the upgrading of various supporting facilities", "Whether or not to pass the road test test is the key to autopilot technology"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11062, "answer": 2, "text": "Though ice cream is an excellent source of calcium, dairy farmers report that during the past ten years there has been a sharp decline in ice cream sales. And during the same period, sales of cheddar cheese have nearly doubled. Ttherefore, more and more people must be choosing to increase their intake of calcium by eating cheddar cheese rather than ice cream.", "question": "The reasoning above is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it", "options": ["fails to produce statistical evidence supporting the dairy farmers' claims", "presumes, without providing justification, that ice cream is a better source of calcium than is cheddar cheese", "fails to consider alternative explanations of the decline in sales of ice cream", "relies solely on the testimony of individuals who are likely to be biased"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7780, "answer": 0, "text": "The worsening environment of the Earth will endanger our health. Each of us should raise the consciousness of environmental protection and undertake the obligation of protecting green environment.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["It is not that some people should not undertake the responsibility of protecting the environment.", "It is not that some people should have an obligation to protect the environment.", "Some people have no sense of environmental protection.", "Some people are aware of environmental protection."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11432, "answer": 2, "text": "Psychologist: Satisfaction and happiness with one' s family cannot exist unless families have established strong values of mutual trust, love, and respect. Such bonds are formed and strengthened only through making these key values the basis for all actions within the family. It is obvious then that widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on one' s family life.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychiatrist's argument depends?", "options": ["Families cannot usefully increase their happiness by using electronic media.", "People who rely on movies and electronic media for entertainment are generally not as happy with their families as those who do not.", "People who rely on movies and electronic information for entertainment are unable to form strong values of trust, love, and respect with their families.", "Newspapers and other forms of print media strengthen, rather than weaken, family values."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6913, "answer": 0, "text": "Literary agents have a very keen sense of smell, and their desire to find good things is endless. They are well aware of the dynamics of the literary world, and their main job every day is to figure out what kind of works sell well. To this end, they track all large newspapers and literary magazines, read a large number of critical articles, and communicate privately with writers, editors and other people in the publishing industry, and obtain various internal news in this way.", "question": "Which of the following supports the main point above?", "options": ["Literary economic man is the link between publishers and writers", "The work done by the literary economic man is speculative", "The emergence of literary economics poses a threat to publishers", "Literary economic man has a quick and quick social network"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3702, "answer": 0, "text": "A study by the University of London in the United States found that over-reliance on GPS navigation will block the hippocampal gyrus of the brain to form new memories; accustomed to electronic products will cause many people to communicate only in fragmented language; and replacing traditional reading with games and TV programs will lead to a decline in people's reading and thinking ability. As a result, researchers believe that high technology can make people stupid.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can most weakens the above researchers' point of view?", "options": ["With the help of high-tech equipment, human beings can have a more accurate understanding of nature, so as to improve their cognitive level of the world", "With the continuous enrichment of neuroimaging technology and information processing methods, brain research has gradually turned to more in-depth neural functions", "In one experiment, a drug that blocked protein synthesis was injected into the hippocampus of rats, but the learning ability of the rats was not significantly impaired", "Some studies have found that the human brain can make corresponding adjustments and changes with the changes in lifestyle brought about by high technology"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9677, "answer": 2, "text": "Jung said: all cultures will eventually accumulate into personality. The attachment and yearning for home constitute the cultural personality of the Chinese people for thousands of years, so that family affection has become the cultural birthmark of the Chinese people, and going home for the Spring Festival has become the most important festival ceremony of the Spring Festival. Year after year, the reunion stories of hundreds of millions of families are always staged in the Spring Festival, and the largest periodic migration of mankind has become a vivid witness to the enduring cultural tide of the Spring Festival.", "question": "Which of the following mistakes is explained by the function of the first sentence of the underlined paragraph?", "options": ["Provide a strong argument for a point of view", "Enhance the persuasive power of the description of the phenomenon", "It can make the expression more concise and concise", "It is the refinement and generalization of the purpose of the paragraph"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7426, "answer": 3, "text": "Because of the need for work, a certain unit decided to select four of its three women (Xiao Wang, Xiao Li Xiao Sun) and five men (Xiao Zhang, Xiao Jin, Xiao Wu Xiao Meng, Xiao Yu) to form a negotiating group to participate in an important negotiation. The selection conditions are as follows: (1) the members of the group should have both women and men. (2) Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang can't both be selected. (3) Xiao Li and Xiao Sun can't both be selected. (4) if Xiao Yu is chosen, Xiao Wu will not be chosen.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct if Xiao Zhang is selected?", "options": ["If you choose Xiao Wu, choose Xiao Yu", "If you choose Xiao Jin, choose Xiao Meng", "Either choose Xiao Yu or choose Xiao Meng", "Either Xiao Li or Xiao Sun"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10862, "answer": 0, "text": "DataCom, a company that filed many patents last year, was financially more successful last year than were its competitors, none of which filed many patents. It is ttherefore likely that DataCom owed its greater financial success to the fact that it filed many patents last year.", "question": "The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it", "options": ["gives no reason to exclude the possibility that other differences between DataCom and its competitors accounted for its comparative financial success", "applies a generalization to an exceptional case", "presupposes what it sets out to demonstrate about the relationship between the financial success of DataCom's competitors and the number of patents they filed", "confuses a company's financial success with its technological innovativeness"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14641, "answer": 0, "text": "Parent: Pushing very young children into rigorous study in an effort to make our nation more competitive does more harm than good. Curricula for these young students must address their special developmental needs, and while rigorous work in secondary school makes sense, the same approach in the early years of primary school produces only short-term gains and may cause young children to burn out on schoolwork. Using very young students as pawns in the race to make the nation economically competitive is unfair and may ultimately work against us.", "question": "Which one of the following can be inferred from the parent's statements?", "options": ["A curriculum of rigorous study does not adequately address the developmental needs of primary school students.", "Our country can be competitive only if the developmental needs of all our students can be met.", "Unless our nation encourages more rigorous study in the early years of primary school, we cannot be economically competitive.", "For our nation to be competitive, our secondary school curriculum must include more rigorous study than it now does."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8683, "answer": 1, "text": "On August 3, 2003, a 110000-year-old human tooth fossil about 3 cm in length was unearthed in Zhangkoudong Ancient Human site in Jiuxiang, Yiliang County.As soon as the excavation was announced, it immediately attracted wide attention from the media and experts. Many experts involved in the excavation believe that the appearance of this human tooth fossil shows that Zhangkoudong already had human activities as early as 110000 years ago, and it will rewrite the conclusion that human beings in Kunming area, as defined by the Longtan Mountain Ancient Human site in Chenggong County, have a history of only 30,000 years.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best question the views of the above experts?", "options": ["Academia is inherently controversial, and everyone has the right to express their own opinions.", "Some experts have analyzed the long axis of the tooth, the shape of the crown, the protrusion of the lip and tongue of the crown and the enamel of the fossil, and think that the fossil is not a fossil of human incisor, but a fossil of deer tooth.", "The fossilized tooth was unearthed in a red sandy soil layer 20 cm below the calcium plate 110,000 years ago.", "Some experts have used the uranium series method to determine the age of the calcium plates in each layer of Zhangkou Cave, proving that the earliest deposits in the cave where the tooth fossils were found were formed 300000 years ago."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10565, "answer": 1, "text": "One theater plans to present seven plays over seven weeks in the fall. They are F, G., J, K, O, R, S. There is one play a week, and each play runs exactly one week. The repertory must meet the following conditions :(1) G must be performed in the third week. (2) O and S cannot be performed continuously. (3) K must be staged before J and S. (4) F and J must be scheduled to perform in two consecutive weeks.", "question": "If O happens to be scheduled the week before J, which of the followings must be true?", "options": ["Put F before O", "K is scheduled a week before G", "R is scheduled for week one or two", "S happens to be scheduled the week after K"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11035, "answer": 3, "text": "Formal performance evaluations in the professional world are conducted using realistic situations. Physicians are allowed to consult medical texts freely, attorneys may refer to law books and case records, and physicists and engineers have their manuals at hand for ready reference. Students, then, should likewise have access to their textbooks whenever they take examinations.", "question": "The reasoning in the argument is questionable because the argument", "options": ["neglects to take into account the fact that professionals were once students who also did not have access to textbooks during examinations", "neglects to take into account the fact that, unlike students, professionals have devoted many years of study to one subject", "cites examples that are insufficient to support the generalization that performance evaluations in the professional world are conducted in realistic situations", "fails to consider the possibility that the purposes of evaluation in the professional world and in school situations are quite dissimilar"], "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2680, "answer": 2, "text": "Zhang Li, a single white-collar worker, has accumulated a deposit after five years of work. As the amount of the deposit is not enough to buy a house, consider temporarily diversifying it into stocks, gold, funds, treasury bonds and foreign exchange. The investment of the deposit needs to meet the following conditions: (1) if the investment ratio of gold is higher than 1/2, the rest will be invested in treasury bonds and stocks; (2) if the investment ratio of stocks is less than 1/3, then the rest cannot be invested in foreign exchange or treasury bonds; (3) if the proportion of foreign exchange investment is less than 1/4, the rest will be invested in funds or gold; (4) the investment ratio of treasury bonds can not be less than 1/6.", "question": "Based on the above information, which of the following can be derived?", "options": ["The proportion of investment in treasury bonds is higher than 1 / 2", "The proportion of foreign exchange investment is not less than 1 / 3", "The proportion of stock investment is not less than 1 / 4", "The proportion of investment in gold is not less than 1 / 5"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3270, "answer": 3, "text": "Some researchers believe that The traditional Chinese agricultural culture is fundamentally different from the nomadic culture in Europe and America and the Marine culture in Japan, which has a profound impact on people's way of life and ideas, as well as the national defense construction. Thousands of years of agricultural economy and culture is the root cause of some Chinese people's weak sense of national defense and weakened military spirit.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most weakens this conclusion?", "options": ["Whether a country's national defense force is strong or not depends on the military spirit of all the people", "Some people regard two mu of land, one cow, wife and child hot kang as their life goal", "The residual concept of small-scale peasant economy is the fundamental reason for the weakening of the warrior spirit of contemporary Chinese people", "He people advocating agricultural culture are industrious, wise, thrifty, united, benevolent and righteous, which are manifested in the defense of the country"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1516, "answer": 0, "text": "In rural planning and construction, we should highlight rural, regional and national characteristics, respect local traditional customs and customs, and not lose typical regional characteristics, distinctive national characteristics and excellent cultural traditions.", "question": "Which of the followings is the most appropriate summary of this sentence:", "options": ["Rural planning and construction should highlight characteristics", "Rural planning and construction should be typical", "Excellent traditions should be preserved in rural planning and construction", "Rural planning and construction should conform to national conditions"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14541, "answer": 3, "text": "Over the past few decades dozens of people have claimed to have sighted the Yeti in the Himalayas. This provides strong evidence that the creature exists.", "question": "The reasoning in the argument is questionable because the argument fails to", "options": ["account for why most people still do not believe in the Yeti", "consider the absence of photographs of the Yeti", "evaluate historical evidence for the existence of the Yeti", "consider alternative explanations for the reported sightings"], "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9330, "answer": 3, "text": "Synomone is a biologically released information chemical that can cause other receiving organisms to produce a response that is beneficial to both the releaser and the recipient.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is related to synomone?", "options": ["Apple fruit flies leave a marker pheromone after laying eggs on plant fruit to prevent themselves from laying eggs there again", "The azadirachtin contained in the seeds, leaves and bark of the neem family Neem has a killing effect on almost all pests", "The sex pheromone released by the female Asian corn borer can attract male moths, allowing the male moth to accurately locate the female moth", "After being attacked by Macrosiphum avenae, wheat releases methyl salicylate, which can attract heterochromatic lady beetle, the natural enemy of Macrosiphum avenae"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3491, "answer": 3, "text": "Statistics in a country for four consecutive years show that the time of daylight saving time changes is 4% higher than other times car accident. These statistics show that the change of time has seriously affected the attention of drivers in a country.", "question": "Which of the following is prerequisite for this conclusion?", "options": ["Drivers in this country have the same driving habits as drivers in other countries", "The observed increase in accident rates is almost always attributable to the increase in the number of minor accidents", "Research on the incidence of traffic accidents requires at least five years of observation", "There are no other factors such as school holidays and holidays that lead to an increase in car accidents"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4456, "answer": 3, "text": "Tiger is a cat and one of the most powerful predators on the land of Asia. Tiger has the longest canine teeth and the largest claw among cats. It integrates speed, strength and agility. The power of one swing of its forelimb can reach 1000 kg and the penetration depth of its claw can reach 11 cm. It is good at long jumping. The longest distance of one jump can reach 6 meters and is good at predation.", "question": "Which of the followings can be infered", "options": ["Fiercest tiger is also the fiercest cat", "Cats are good at hunting", "Some cats are not carnivores", "Some of the animals that are good at jumping are cats"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13535, "answer": 3, "text": "City dog licensing records show that more cocker spaniels are registered to addresses in the Flynn Heights neighborhood than to addresses in all other neighborhoods combined. So if an animal control officer finds a stray cocker spaniel anywhere near Flynn Heights, it is likely that the dog belongs to someone in Flynn Heights.", "question": "Which one of the following would be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?", "options": ["whether the number of pets owned, per capita, is greater for residents of Flynn Heights than for residents of any other neighborhood", "whether there are more cocker spaniels registered to addresses in Flynn Heights than any other breed of dog", "whether the city's animal control officers find more stray dogs in and around Flynn Heights than in any other part of the city", "whether residents of Flynn Heights are more likely to license their dogs than residents of other neighborhoods are"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5925, "answer": 2, "text": "Generally, bacteria grow and multiply at room temperature, and the low temperature environment stops growing and can only maintain life. But Yersinia is just the opposite. Not only is it not afraid of low temperature and cold, but it only multiplies at about 0 degree. Food stored in the refrigerator, Make Yersinia in its best growth state.", "question": "Which of the following can be derived from this?", "options": ["Yersinia cannot survive at room temperature", "The environment for the growth of general bacteria is also suitable for the growth of Yersinia", "The optimal growth temperature of Yersinia is not suitable for general bacteria", "Only Yersinia bacteria exist in the refrigerator at 0 degree"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11106, "answer": 1, "text": "Five years ago, as part of a plan to encourage citizens of Levaska to increase the amount of money they put into savings, Levaska' s government introduced special savings accounts in which up to $3, 000 a year can be saved with no tax due on the interest unless money is withdrawn before the account holder reaches the age of sixty-five. Millions of dollars have accumulated in the special accounts, so the government' s plan is obviously working.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["The rate at which interest earned on money deposited in regular savings accounts is taxed depends on the income bracket of the account holder.", "Many Levaskans who already had long-term savings have steadily been transferring those savings into the special accounts.", "Many of the economists who now claim that the government's plan has been successful criticized it when it was introduced.", "A substantial number of Levaskans have withdrawn at least some of the money they had invested in the special accounts."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10380, "answer": 3, "text": "The students in a certain class are all football fans. During the 2014 World Cup, all the students who supported the Argentine team did not support the German team, and all the students who supported the Argentine team did not support the Brazilian team. Some students who support the American team support the German team, and some students who support the American team support the Brazilian team.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following options must be true?", "options": ["Some students who support the German team support neither the Brazilian team nor the American team.", "Some students who support the American team support neither the German team nor the Brazilian team.", "So the students who support the United States either support Argentina, Germany or Brazil.", "Some students who support the Brazilian team support the German team."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8953, "answer": 2, "text": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H and I along the eastern coast of a country, which are arranged in a straight line from north to south. At the same time, it is found that: (1) F is adjacent to H and to the north of H. (2) I and E are adjacent. (3) G is somewhere to the north of F.", "question": "If G is found to be the northernmost island, what is the possible order of the group of islands? Which of the followings is true?", "options": ["2", "3", "4", "5"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1641, "answer": 1, "text": "Etiquette and music culture is a great creation of pre-Qin Confucianism, unfortunately, it has been experiencing the process of marginalization. Probably since the Han Dynasty, etiquette has been unilaterally interpreted by the ruling class as the dignity of hierarchical order, including the clothing, chariots, palaces and utensils of officials of different grades. The result of this misreading is that the Confucian thought of etiquette has lost its leading position in the way of governing the country, and has become increasingly marginalized, so that when people mention ancient etiquette, they immediately think of the strict royal ceremonies and civil and military officials who lie on the ground, but the original meaning of etiquette is increasingly forgotten by people.", "question": "Which of the following is the most accurate summary of the main point of this passage?", "options": ["Appeal to attach importance to etiquette culture", "Sigh about the situation that etiquette has been misread", "Emphasize the important position of etiquette", "Describe the history of the marginalization of etiquette"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9226, "answer": 2, "text": "Economist: the personal income tax in the United States is a progressive tax, and the tax law is extremely complicated. People who want to pay taxes honestly often make mistakes in declaration because of misunderstandings, while people who deliberately evade taxes can always find loopholes in the tax law. Generally speaking, the space of tax avoidance is proportional to the complexity of the tax system, and the ability of tax avoidance is proportional to the level of taxpayers' income. Most of the tax avoidance space caused by the complex tax system will be used by the rich, so that the progressive tax can not reach the progressive degree stipulated in the tax law, and its function of regulation and distribution is also greatly weakened.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, provides the strongest support for the above argument of economists?", "options": ["When filing tax, 60% of people in the United States need to hire professionals to do so, and 22% need to use tax filing software to help calculate.", "In 1981, Americans put forward the idea of abolishing the progressive tax rate and implementing a single tax rate.", "Between 1988 and 2006, the income of the richest people in the United States rose from 15% to 22% of national income, but their average tax rate fell from 24% to 22.8%.", "The Occupy Wall Street movement broke out in the United States on September 17, 2011. Demonstrators claimed that they represented 99% of the people in the United States to protest against greed, corruption and social injustice in the financial industry."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1495, "answer": 1, "text": "From the perspective of family affection, people hope that waiters don't really starve to death and hope that they will live forever. This is a normal emotion. However, from an objective perspective, each dead life has lost the characteristics of life at least in the body, and the whole body will inevitably disappear. From the spiritual level, the continuation of life is divorced from the biological concept, How long a person's life exists at the spiritual level depends on how many memorable things this life has brought to the world. The modern outlook on life puts forward the concept of body. Owning their own organs is the best way for the continuation of life and their survival in the world.", "question": "This passage mainly shows that?", "options": ["Spiritual death is different from physical death", "Organ donation is a way to prolong life in the world", "The concept of life should jump out of the physical level and advocate organ donation", "People don't want their relatives to die and are willing to donate their organs"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1594, "answer": 1, "text": "Paleontologists can rediscover the forgotten wisdom of our ancestors. For example, the nabatas occupied the dangerous Negev desert two thousand years ago. They diverted the rainwater of the rare heavy rain in this area into irrigation ditches and reservoirs. This method was used to rebuild the ancient farms in this area, which can now produce high grain production.", "question": "The term method in the above paragraph refers to which of the following?", "options": ["The nabatas occupy the treacherous Negev desert.", "The nabatas built irrigation ditches and reservoirs.", "The nabatas irrigate with heavy rain.", "Rebuild the ancient farms in this area."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 710, "answer": 2, "text": "Social assistance refers to the system that the state provides assistance to social members who cannot maintain the minimum living standard due to natural disasters or other economic and social reasons through the redistribution of national income, so as to ensure their minimum living standard.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following items does not belong to social assistance is:", "options": ["Each rural household with five guarantees can receive a certain amount of support from the Ministry of civil affairs according to a certain standard every year", "After the earthquake, the government distributed necessary grain and daily necessities to the people in the disaster area every month", "China implements nine-year compulsory education, which is free of tuition and miscellaneous fees", "Government has set up rescue stations to provide vagrants and Beggars with food that meets the food hygiene requirements and accommodation that meets the basic conditions. If they return to their place of residence or unit without transportation expenses, they shall provide travel vouchers"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7560, "answer": 2, "text": "Only by administering the rule of law can we fundamentally eradicate corruption; if we fail to eradicate corruption fundamentally, we will eventually lose the trust and support of the people. Only by winning the trust and support of the people can our cause have a solid political foundation.", "question": "Based on the above statement, which of the following can be deduced?", "options": ["If we govern the country according to law, we can win the trust and support of the people", "If corruption is fundamentally eliminated, our cause will have a solid political foundation", "If we do not implement the rule of law, we will eventually lose the trust and support of the people", "If corruption cannot be eradicated fundamentally, the rule of law cannot be implemented"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14205, "answer": 1, "text": "Consumer advocate: Manufacturers of children' s toys often place warnings on their products that overstate the dangers their products pose. Product-warning labels should overstate dangers only if doing so reduces injuries. In fact, however, manufacturers overstate their products' dangers merely for the purpose of protecting themselves from lawsuits brought by parents of injured children. Ttherefore, manufacturers of children' s toys should not overstate the dangers their products pose.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately describes a reasoning flaw in the consumer advocate's argument?", "options": ["The argument confuses a necessary condition for reducing the number of injuries caused by a product with a sufficient condition.", "The argument relies on the unjustified assumption that an action has an effect only if it was performed in order to bring about that effect.", "The argument presumes, without providing justification, that if a warning overstates a danger, then the warning will fail to prevent injuries.", "The argument overlooks the possibility that warnings that do not overstate the dangers that their products pose do not always reduce injuries."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14915, "answer": 3, "text": "The years 1917, 1937, 1956, 1968, 1979, and 1990 are all notable for the occurrence of both popular uprisings and near-maximum sunspot activity. During heavy sunspot activity, there is a sharp rise in positively charged ions in the air people breathe, and positively charged ions are known to make people anxious and irritable. Ttherefore, it is likely that sunspot activity has actually been a factor in triggering popular uprisings.", "question": "Which one of the following exhibits a pattern of reasoning most similar to that in the passage?", "options": ["The ancient Greeks sometimes attempted to predict the outcome of future events by watching the flight patterns of birds. Since the events themselves often matched the predictions, the birds were probably responding to some factor that also influenced the events.", "The thirty healthiest people in a long-term medical study turned out to be the same thirty whose regular diets included the most vegetables. Since specific substances in vegetables are known to help the body fight disease, vegetables should be part of everyone's diet.", "Martha, Sidney, and Hilary are the city's three most powerful politicians, and all three graduated from Ridgeview High School. Although Ridgeview never had a reputation for excellence, it must have been a good school to have produced three such successful graduates.", "Acme's most productive managers are consistently those who occupy the corner offices, which have more windows than other offices at Acme. Since people are more alert when they are exposed to abundant natural light, the greater productivity of these managers is probably at least in part a result of their working in the corner offices."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6197, "answer": 3, "text": "The world is in a period of great development, change and adjustment, and peace and development remain the themes of the times. World multi-polarization, economic globalization, social informatization and cultural diversity are developing in depth, changes in the global governance system and the international order are accelerating, countries are increasingly interconnected and interdependent, the balance of international power is becoming more balanced, and the general trend of peaceful development is irreversible. The instability and uncertainty facing the world are prominent, the momentum of world economic growth is insufficient, the polarization between the rich and the poor is becoming more and more serious, regional hot spot issues emerge one after another, terrorism, cyber security, major infectious diseases, climate change and other non-traditional security threats continue to spread, and mankind is facing many common challenges.", "question": "Which of the following might follow from the above text?", "options": ["The reason why people believe that the current world is in an era of development and drastic changes.", "China is an important force in safeguarding world peace and promoting common development in the world.", "Correctly understanding and grasping the theme of the times is the basis for countries to formulate policies.", "People of all countries should make concerted efforts to address the various risks and challenges we face."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10745, "answer": 3, "text": "Journalist: Until recently, doctors enjoyed high status in Canada. Although once admired as altruistic, in the last few decades doctors have fallen in public esteem. While it is acknowledged that doctors are indispensable, they are seen by critics as always wanting higher fees from the provincial governments, and even shielding incompetence in some cases, thereby being more dedicated to self-interest than the public interest.", "question": "Which one of the following is most supported by the journalist's statements?", "options": ["In the past, doctors did not accept, let alone demand, high fees from the provincial governments.", "Doctors in Canada are perceived by critics as being less competent than they used to be.", "Without the public esteem doctors previously enjoyed, fewer Canadians will become doctors.", "Doctors in Canada are perceived by critics as not being sufficiently devoted to the interest of others."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8110, "answer": 3, "text": "Although the cold winter is the high incidence of cardiovascular disease, but in the hot and sultry Indian summer season, the humidity in the air is increased, oxygen content is reduced, usually suffering from hypertension, coronary heart disease often feel uncomfortable, chest tightness, shortness of breath, dizziness and other symptoms. In addition, high temperature weather will make the human body sweat too much, blood concentration, if not timely supplement water, easy to form plaques; Acute myocardial infarction occurs when plaque breaks off and clots form, blocking blood vessels. In addition, people often do not get a good sleep on hot summer nights, which is also an important cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Sultry weather can also make people mood swings, mood irritability, which is also a risk factor for coronary heart disease. In this period of time, because of work overworked and lack of rest, especially to guard against sudden attack of myocardial infarction.", "question": "Which of the followings is the best heading for this paragraph?", "options": ["Health preservation, especially mind cultivation", "Why did the name Indian summer come", "Cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases", "Prevent myocardial infarction at the turn of summer and autumn"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4290, "answer": 2, "text": "The role of cultural decoration refers to the phenomenon that people will come up with various reasons to forgive themselves or justify their failures after being frustrated.", "question": "Which of the following options does not belong to the role of cultural decoration?", "options": ["After Gore failed to run for U.S. president, he complained about the injustice of the U.S. judicial system", "Xiao Zhang was not rated as an advanced element, he believed that he had a bad relationship with the leader of the judge", "Xiao Li's business failed, stocks fell, and he took sleeping pills and committed suicide", "The teacher said something wrong and explained that he was too rushed on the road and disrupted his thinking"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9637, "answer": 3, "text": "Climax means that according to the logical relationship of things, using sentences with similar structure, the meaning is arranged according to different degrees, such as size, number, height, weight, distance and so on, to express the reason that the level is progressive.", "question": "Which of the following options does not use the Climax?", "options": ["If you can give full play to your natural nature, you can give full play to the nature of people in the world; if you can give full play to the nature of people in the world, you can give full play to the nature of all things; if you can give full play to the nature of all things, you can help heaven and earth to evolve and develop all things; if you can help heaven and earth to evolve and develop all things, you can stand side by side with heaven and earth.", "I was determined to learn at the age of 15. I was able to achieve something at the age of 30. I was no longer confused when I encountered things at the age of 40. I knew at the age of 50 that I was happy to know my destiny for things that could not be controlled by manpower, and at the age of 60 I could listen to all kinds of opinions. At 70, you can do whatever you want without going beyond the rules.", "In ancient times, those who want to carry forward the aboveboard morality in the world must first govern their own country; if they want to govern their own country, they must first manage their own families; if they want to manage their own families well, they must first cultivate their own character; if you want to cultivate your own character, you must first correct your own thoughts; if you want to correct your thoughts, you must first make your thoughts sincere. If you want to make your thoughts sincere, you must first acquire knowledge.", "The first is politeness, the second is righteousness, the third is honesty, and the fourth is shame. If you are polite, you will not deviate; if you are righteous, you will not rush forward; if you are honest, you will not hide your mistakes; if you are ashamed, you will not follow evil thoughts. Therefore, if people do not deviate, the position of the rulers will be secure; if they do not rush forward, the people will not be cunning and fraudulent; if they do not hide their mistakes, their conduct will naturally be correct; if they do not follow the bad guys, evil things will not happen."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6943, "answer": 2, "text": "Real right is one of the most basic civil rights, and property law is an important cornerstone of building socialist market economy. A property law involves 1.3 billion people, involves huge public and private property, and the long deliberation process precisely embodies the spirit of scientific legislation and democratic legislation.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["Property Law is an important cornerstone of building socialist market economy", "Real right is one of the most basic civil rights", "The repeated deliberation process of real right legislation embodies the spirit of scientific legislation and democratic legislation", "A property law involves the fundamental interests of 1.3 billion people"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7627, "answer": 2, "text": "Public information resources refer to all kinds of data systems which are managed by social specific management organization according to law and provide information service for the whole society. It has the characteristics of publicity, extensiveness, foundation and commonweal.", "question": "Which of the following is the public information resources?", "options": ["In order to verify the identity of residents or solve cases, the public security departments have established the information sharing system of the Ministry of Public Security.", "In order to examine the loan application, the bank carries out all kinds of financial business customer personal information system.", "The National Meteorological Department establishes the meteorological information release system, such as the weather forecast, the geological disaster early warning.", "In order to improve the efficiency of teaching management, the Educational Administration Department of Colleges and universities has developed a system for students to select, evaluate and manage courses."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1789, "answer": 2, "text": "Due to the unique chemical characteristics of silk, it is difficult for embroidery to be preserved for a long time in the humid climate of Sichuan. Therefore, few embroidery products have been found in the archaeological research in Sichuan, so it is impossible to trace the origin of Shu embroidery by archaeological methods. However, Shu embroidery still has its glory in other forms. In 1986, a bronze statue about 4,800 years ago was unearthed at the Sanxingdui Site in Chengdu. The statue was dressed in a dragon costume with complicated dragon, beast and variant cloud and thunder patterns. With the level of textile technology at that time, these decorative patterns could not have been woven by a textile machine. Since the pattern of the embroidery is consistent with the embroidery residue of the Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Baoji, Shaanxi province in 1974, it is most likely that the embroidery was made with the lock embroidery method, which traces the history of Shu embroidery back to the Sanxingdui civilization in ancient Shu, which was contemporized with the Xia Civilization in the Central Plains.", "question": "Which of the following statements is true?", "options": ["Lock embroidery originated from Shu embroidery", "Shu embroidery in the early period was mostly used for making ceremonial clothes", "The bronze Liren probably wore embroidered ceremonial clothes", "It is difficult to infer its age from the production process of the excavated embroidery"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10890, "answer": 0, "text": "One of the things lenders do in evaluating the risk of a potential borrower defaulting on a loan is to consider the potential borrower' s credit score. In general, the higher the credit score, the less the risk of default. Yet for mortgage loans, the proportion of defaults is much higher for borrowers with the highest credit scores than for other borrowers.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the statements above?", "options": ["Mortgage lenders are much less likely to consider risk factors other than credit score when evaluating borrowers with the highest credit scores.", "Most potential borrowers have credit scores that are neither very low nor very high.", "Credit scores reported to mortgage lenders are based on collections of data that sometimes include errors or omit relevant information.", "A potential borrower's credit score is based in part on the potential borrower's past history in paying off debts in full and on time."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10205, "answer": 2, "text": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H and I along the eastern coast of a country, which are arranged in a straight line from north to south. At the same time, it is found that: (1) F is adjacent to H and to the north of H. (2) I and E are adjacent. (3) G is somewhere to the north of F.", "question": "If G is found to be the northernmost island, what is the possible order of the group of islands? Which of the followings is true?", "options": ["2", "3", "4", "5"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8177, "answer": 3, "text": "Glucocorticoid is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex of the human body. It can regulate the synthesis and metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins. It is called glucocorticoid because its activity of regulating carbohydrate metabolism was first recognized by people. In addition, glucocorticoids can also regulate the inflammatory response, so they are often used as anti-inflammatory drugs to treat diseases caused by the overreaction of the immune system, such as allergies, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Glucocorticoids are also often used to fight inflammation in cancer patients. In cells, glucocorticoids need to interact with glucocorticoid receptors to exert their physiological functions.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main content of this passage?", "options": ["The definition of glucocorticoid.", "The function of glucocorticoid.", "Characteristics of glucocorticoid.", "Properties of glucocorticoids."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9686, "answer": 3, "text": "An economist of one country pointed out: unless the country takes drastic measures to cure the stubborn problems of the economy, it is impossible for the economy to grow steadily. Without steady economic growth, public debt will continue to rise. ", "question": "Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the followings is correct?", "options": ["If the public debt continues to rise, the country has not taken drastic measures to cure the stubborn problems of the economy", "Only if the country does not take drastic measures to cure the stubborn problems of the economy will the public debt continue to rise", "If the country takes drastic measures to cure the stubborn problems of the economy, the public debt will not continue to rise", "If the public debt does not keep rising, it shows that the country has taken drastic measures to cure the stubborn problems of the economy"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2903, "answer": 2, "text": "As a country's general election is approaching, international politics expert Researcher Chen predicts that the outcome of the election will be that Party A controls the government or Party B controls the government. If Party A wins control of the government, the country will have economic problems; if Party B wins control of the government, the country will fall into a military crisis.", "question": "Based on the above prediction of Researcher Chen, which of the following can be drawn?", "options": ["The country may not experience economic problems or fall into a military crisis", "If the country has economic problems, then Party A has won control of the government", "The country will have economic problems, or it will fall into a military crisis", "If the country is in a military crisis, then Party B has won control of the government"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12781, "answer": 3, "text": "Political candidates' speeches are loaded with promises and with expressions of good intention, but one must not forget that the politicians' purpose in giving these speeches is to get themselves elected. Clearly, then, these speeches are selfishly motivated and the promises made in them are unreliable.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument above?", "options": ["The argument presumes, without providing justification, that promises made for selfish reasons are never kept.", "The argument overlooks the fact that a candidate who makes promises for selfish reasons may nonetheless be worthy of the office for which he or she is running.", "The argument presumes, without providing justification, that if a person's promise is not selfishly motivated then that promise is reliable.", "The argument overlooks the fact that a promise need not be unreliable just because the person who made it had an ulterior motive for doing so."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9598, "answer": 1, "text": "Semantic generalization refers to a word that originally refers to a specific thing or phenomenon, and later can generally refer to a number of related things or phenomena.", "question": "Which of the following options belongs to semantic generalization?", "options": ["Ancient words about appellation, such as fu, are now generally expressed as fuqin.", "In ancient times, river specifically refers to the Yellow River, but now it can also refer to other rivers.", "In ancient times, jia can express either hatred or regret, but now it usually means hate.", "The snot before the Han Dynasty originally refers to tears, but later it generally refers to snot, and sometimes it can also refer to tears."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7613, "answer": 1, "text": "All truths are tested by practice, and the theory of relativity is truth, so the theory of relativity is tested by practice.", "question": "Which of the following reasoning has the same structure as the above reasoning?", "options": ["All nouns are content words, verbs are not nouns, so verbs are not content words", "Metals are all conductive, carbon is metal, so carbon is conductive", "Whales breathe with their lungs, seals may not be whales, so seals may not breathe with lungs", "All fine grains are not high-yield crops. Because all potatoes are high-yield crops, and all fine grains are not potatoes"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8893, "answer": 2, "text": "The results of a survey of businessmen's trust in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China showed that half of the locals believed that locals were trustworthy. For example, the reliability score scored by Beijingers for Beijingers is 57.9. The score for Tianjin people is 15, with one exception, that is, Hainan people themselves do not trust Hainan people.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, would provide a reasonable explanation for the above exception?", "options": ["Hainan has a lot of liars, and they don't trust each other", "The vast majority of those inspected in Hainan were left behind from other places to do business there.", "Foreigners don't know much about Hainan businessmen and give them a very low trust score.", "Most of the businessmen doing business in Hainan are not locals."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14024, "answer": 1, "text": "In order to control the deer population, a biologist has proposed injecting female deer during breeding season with 10 milligrams of a hormone that would suppress fertility. Critics have charged that the proposal poses health risks to people who might eat the meat of treated deer and thereby ingest unsafe quantities of the hormone. The biologist has responded to these critics by pointing out that humans can ingest up to 10 milligrams of the hormone a day without any adverse effects, and since no one would eat even one entire deer a day, the treatment would be safe.", "question": "The biologist's response to critics of the proposal is based on which one of the following assumptions?", "options": ["Most people do not consider deer meat to be part of their daily diet and eat it only on rare occasions.", "The hormone in question does not occur naturally in the female deer that would be injected.", "Hunting season for deer could be scheduled so that it would not coincide with breeding season.", "The hormone that would be injected into the deer is chemically similar to hormones used in human contraceptives."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9636, "answer": 0, "text": "Peer pressure refers to the psychological pressure caused by people of similar age who are worried about being despised and excluded because of the gap in life, work, social status and so on.", "question": "Which of the following options belongs to peer pressure?", "options": ["Lao Wang's friends all bought a wedding house for their children, and he also wanted to buy one for his son, but his financial strength was far from being reached, so he was very upset about it.", "Most of the teachers introduced into a college in recent years have been promoted to senior professional titles. Mr. Zhao, who has taught for more than 20 years, is still a lecturer. He is often too worried to sleep.", "When Xiaoding, a salesman, saw that everyone else had completed the company's annual sales task, he only finished 60%. In order to prevent being transferred from the sales department next year, he contacts customers day and night.", "The workshop director requires the new employee Xiao Li to be familiar with the equipment and be able to operate independently within a week. Worried that he would not pass the test, he worked overtime to practice his skills."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7238, "answer": 3, "text": "The recent instability in Southeast Asia is due to the impact of bird flu. However, if there is no turbulence in the economic situation, the impact of bird flu on the situation will not be obvious. Therefore, in order to prevent instability, we must stabilize the economic situation.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, weakens the above conclusion most?", "options": ["The turbulence of the economic situation has nothing to do with bird flu", "Before bird flu, the situation in Southeast Asia was unstable", "Southeast Asia has not tried to prevent bird flu", "Before the economic turmoil, outbreaks such as bird flu had repeatedly caused instability in Southeast Asia"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13273, "answer": 2, "text": "At present the Hollywood Restaurant has only standard-height tables. However, many customers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood, and they would prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a better view of the celebrities. Moreover, diners seated on stools typically do not stay as long as diners seated at standard-height tables. Ttherefore, if the Hollywood replaced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits would increase.", "question": "The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it gives reason to believe that it is likely that", "options": ["some celebrities come to the Hollywood to be seen, and so might choose to sit at the tall tables if they were available", "with enough tall tables to accommodate all the Hollywood's customers interested in such seating, there would be no view except of other tall tables", "a customer of the Hollywood who would choose to sit at a tall table would be an exception to the generalization about lingering", "a restaurant's customers who spend less time at their meals typically order less expensive meals than those who remain at their meals longer"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1380, "answer": 1, "text": "In Xiehe Building Materials Co, Ltd a worker inadvertently wasted more when using raw materials for making bricks, and one of his colleagues who had a good relationship in ordinary times lost his temper. The manager said that this kind of thing is now quite common, and workers with poor labor discipline have become the target of public criticism. In the past, it often happened that the equipment was not maintained and the newly bought brick-making machine was broken in less than a year. In 1993, the enterprise was reorganized into a joint-stock enterprise. Of the total amount of shares of 2.1 million yuan, individual employees invested 1 million yuan. Enterprises connect employees together through asset ties, workers are both shareholders and workers, and their enthusiasm is at an all-time high.", "question": "Which of the following options primarily supports this view?", "options": ["Shareholding system can change the interest relationship between employees and enterprises", "Shareholding system plays an important role in arousing workers' enthusiasm for production", "Shareholding system can control the waste, sloppiness and other phenomena of enterprises", "The role of shareholding system in tightening production discipline in enterprises is very obvious"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8359, "answer": 2, "text": "The development of a country should be committed to making the cake of economic development bigger, on this basis, pay attention to fair distribution. For regional economic development, the concept of comparative advantage should be firmly established. There are great differences in physical and geographical conditions in different places. Even if the two natural conditions are exactly the same, geographically adjacent provinces or cities, the best mode of development is not for everyone to develop the same production structure, but should have their own division of labor.", "question": "Which of the following options is emphasized by the author through this passage?", "options": ["The model of regional development should be different in different geographical conditions.", "The two geographically adjacent cities should also have their own different characteristics.", "The economic development of different regions should be consistent with the local comparative advantages.", "The best model of the development is not suitable for all geographical conditions."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10740, "answer": 1, "text": "In polluted industrial English cities during the Industrial Revolution, two plant diseases -- black spot, which infects roses, and tar spot, which infects sycamore trees -- disappeared. It is likely that air pollution eradicated these diseases.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the reasoning above?", "options": ["Scientists theorize that some plants can develop a resistance to air pollution.", "Black spot and tar spot returned when the air in the cities became less polluted.", "For many plant species, scientists have not determined the effects of air pollution.", "Black spot and tar spot were the only plant diseases that disappeared in any English cities during the Industrial Revolution."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2958, "answer": 3, "text": "Company manager: when we recruit talents, the most important thing is the comprehensive quality and ability, not the score. In talent recruitment, it is not uncommon for people with high scores and low abilities. Obviously, we do not want to recruit such talents. As can be seen from your report card, your academic score is very high, so we have some doubts about your ability and comprehensive quality.", "question": "Which of the following is most similar to the way managers draw conclusions?", "options": ["Company managers are not all smart people. Chen Ran is not a company manager, so Chen Ran may be smart people", "Cats love to eat fish. No cat has myopia, so eating fish can prevent myopia", "Health and happiness are the most important in one's life. Fame and wealth are floating clouds. Zhang Li receives both fame and wealth, so maybe Zhang Li is not happy", "All glittering objects are not gold. The archaeological team dug up glittering objects, so what the archaeological team dug up may not be gold"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10148, "answer": 0, "text": "If a crisis occurs, the company can take very effective measures to eliminate the crisis, which can actually increase the company's reputation. A very good reputation may be destroyed in an instant because of an incident; while a bad reputation often takes a long time to eliminate it.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following statements is most supported?", "options": ["It is easier to destroy a good reputation than to eliminate a bad one.", "If reputation risk is not risk, there is no risk.", "Maintaining the company's reputation is the most important responsibility of the board of directors.", "It's harder to eliminate a bad reputation than it is to earn a good one."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2844, "answer": 3, "text": "People generally believe that happiness can increase health, is conducive to longevity, while unhappy is the direct cause of poor health, but recently researchers have found that after the survey of more than 300 people living conditions, happy or not happy does not mean that the risk of death will become lower or higher, accordingly they pointed out that the disease could lead to unhappiness, But unhappiness itself is not detrimental to health.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would challenge the researchers' argument?", "options": ["Happiness is a kind of individual psychological experience, and it is difficult for the respondents to accurately determine their happiness degree.", "Some older people have a more difficult life, and sometimes they are unhappy.", "Some people suffering from serious diseases are optimistic and active in fighting against the disease, and their happiness is relatively high.", "A person with a low risk of death does not mean good health, and a high risk of death does not mean bad health."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3790, "answer": 0, "text": "The Gini coefficient is an important indicator to measure the degree of inequality in distribution. It is generally believed in the international community that when the Gini coefficient is lower than 0.2, it means the absolute average income; 0.3-0.4 means relatively reasonable; 0.4-0.5 means a large income gap; 0.6 or more means the income gap Great disparity.", "question": "Based on the above conclusions, which of the following options is incorrect?", "options": ["The Gini coefficient is a measure of income equality", "The Gini coefficient can take any value between zero and 1. The more equal the income distribution, the smaller the Gini coefficient", "my country's urban Gini coefficient increased from 0.15 in 1978 to 0.32 in 2000, which shows that the personal income gap between urban residents in 2000 has gradually widened", "The Gini coefficient of rural areas in my country was around 0.338 in the 1990s, which is a relatively reasonable area at the international level."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14026, "answer": 0, "text": "The commissioner has announced that Judge Khalid, who was on the seven-member panel appointed to resolve the Amlec labor dispute, will have sole responsibility for resolving the Simdon labor dispute. Since in its decision the Amlec panel showed itself both reasonable and fair, the two sides in the Simdon dispute are undoubtedly justified in the confidence they have expressed in the reasonableness and fairness of the arbitrator assigned to their case.", "question": "Which one of the following contains flawed reasoning most parallel to that contained in the passage?", "options": ["Ula Borg, who has sold real estate for Arcande Realty for many years, undoubtedly sold fewer houses last year than she had the year before since the number of houses sold last year by Arcande Realty is far lower than the number sold the previous year.", "Representing the school board, Marcia Barthes presented to the school's principal a list of recently elected school board members. Since only an elected member of the school board can act as its representative, Ms. Barthes's name undoubtedly appears on that list.", "Jorge Diaz is a teacher at a music school nationally known for the excellence of its conducting faculty. Since Mr. Diaz has recently been commended for the excellence of his teaching, he is undoubtedly a member of the school's conducting faculty.", "The members of the local historical society unanimously support designating the First National Bank building a historical landmark. Since Evelyn George is a member of that society, she undoubtedly favors according landmark status to the city hall as well."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 929, "answer": 3, "text": "Reactive interdependence means that in the communication process, both sides of the communication use the other's behavior as the basis for their own behavior and make corresponding responses instead of communicating according to the original plan.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is reactive interdependence?", "options": ["Xiao He plans to study abroad for a doctoral degree. He has received offers from several schools he applied for. He made the final decision after repeated research and seeking advice from his tutor", "A took a fancy to B house through real estate intermediary, the property right card that discovers its house after communicating with B has not been obtained, then A decides to postpone purchase", "Xiao Li signed up for the speech contest. After advancing to the preliminary contest, he entered the semi-final, but the time of the semi-final conflicted with his foreign language exam, so Xiao Li changed his plan and chose to withdraw from the contest", "A company plans to implement a new assessment system, and the heads of each department hope to formulate it separately according to the situation of each department. After that, the company decides to retain the original system and gradually adjust it according to individual situations, and all departments agree"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11024, "answer": 1, "text": "Although many political candidates object to being made the target of advertising designed to cast them in an adverse light, such advertising actually benefits its targets because most elections have been won by candidates who were the targets of that kind of advertising.", "question": "The pattern of flawed reasoning in the argument most closely parallels that in which one of the following?", "options": ["Although many people dislike feeling sleepy as a result of staying up late the previous night, such sleepiness must be acceptable to those who experience it because most people who stay up late enjoy doing so.", "Although many actors dislike harsh reviews of their work, such reviews actually help their careers because most of the really prestigious acting awards have gone to actors who have had performances of theirs reviewed harshly.", "Although many film critics dislike horror films, such films are bound to be successful because a large number of people are eager to attend them.", "Although many students dislike studying, it must be a good way to achieve academic success because most students who study pass their courses."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13323, "answer": 3, "text": "Brian: Reporters and photographers are legally required to automatically distort the features of any bystanders whose faces might be shown on television before they can broadcast the taped segment. Yet when people are interviewed for a story, this practice is not followed. If we were as concerned about protecting the privacy of people as we say we are, then reporters would be required to automatically distort the features of the people they interview too. Jessica: But consider this: A person being interviewed can simply ask to have his or her features distorted if he or she wants privacy, where it might not be possible for the bystanders to know they are being filmed. So you see, automatically distorting the features of people being interviewed is not necessary.", "question": "Jessica attempts to counter Brian's argument by", "options": ["presenting a detailed example to show that Brian's argument is based on premises that cannot be confirmed or disproved", "drawing another analogy that uncovers a serious mistake in Brian's reasoning", "showing that information on which Brian bases his conclusion is false", "pointing out a relevant distinction between the two groups to weaken an analogy that Brian bases his argument on"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11696, "answer": 2, "text": "Archaeologist: How did the Parthenon' s stonemasons manage to carve columns that all bulged outward in the center in precisely the same way? One hypothesis is suggested by the discovery of a scale drawing of a column etched into the stone of a Greek temple at Didyma. The drawing is a profile view of a column surrounded by a grid, which makes it possible to determine the correct width at every height of the column. The stonemasons who carved the Parthenon' s columns may have relied on a drawing like the one at Didyma.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the archaeologist's hypothesis?", "options": ["The construction of the temple at Didyma was begun over a century after the Parthenon was constructed.", "The surviving columns at Didyma are almost twice as tall as the columns at the Parthenon.", "Scale drawings were commonly used in many types of construction in ancient Greece.", "Modern attempts to recreate columns like those at the Parthenon have only been partially successful."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11997, "answer": 0, "text": "Consumer advocate: Businesses are typically motivated primarily by the desire to make as great a profit as possible, and advertising helps businesses to achieve this goal. But it is clear that the motive of maximizing profits does not impel businesses to present accurate information in their advertisements. It follows that consumers should be skeptical of the claims made in advertisements.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, would strengthen the consumer advocate's argument EXCEPT:", "options": ["Many consumers have a cynical attitude toward advertising.", "Those who create advertisements are less concerned with the accuracy than with the creativity of advertisements.", "The laws regulating truth in advertising are not applicable to many of the most common forms of inaccurate advertising.", "Businesses know that they can usually maximize their profits by using inaccurate information in their advertisements."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 424, "answer": 3, "text": "Recently, due to the influence of abnormal weather, the grape production in Turpan has decreased, and the price has increased by 50% over the same period last year, which has greatly increased the cost of wine brewing industry. It is estimated that the wine price will increase significantly compared with last year.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, weakens the above view most?", "options": ["In recent years, wine production process has been greatly improved.", "The price of grapes last year was the lowest in history.", "The impact of climate on grape yield is not as severe as the experts estimate.", "In addition to Turpan, other regions can also provide grapes."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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