Split (3)

train · 63.7k rows

text stringlengths 127 2.59k
{"id": 7304, "premise": "In February 2006, the X and Y sections of a certain expressway entered the bidding stage, and four units of A, B, C, and D were bidding. Xiao Wang believed: It is not the A family won the bid, or the B family won the bid. Xiao Li believes : Both A and C can win the bid. Xiao Zhou said: It cannot be said that if D wins the bid, then C wins the bid. Xiao Ma thinks: Dcannot win the bid.", "hypothesis": "The correct answer that will not win the bid is B,D if only one of the four people is wrong.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2765, "premise": "Close to his undergraduate graduation, Li Ming has achieved excellent results in all his courses. According to the regulations of the University, if his course scores are excellent in the last semester, he can be exempted from the examination to study as a graduate student. Li Ming failed to get an excellent grade in one subject in the last semester, so he can't be exempted from the examination to study as a graduate student.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The above argument has loopholes because it has a mature understanding of the provisions stated in the title stem as: only if the course scores of all semesters are excellent, can they be exempted from the examination to study as graduate students' is the most appropriate evaluation of the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1783, "premise": "People have free will, which is subjective judgment, personal preference and choice. Psychological studies show that the more people work hard to achieve success, the happier they feel; The more reflective things are, the happier they are; The more self-controlled the satisfaction is, the happier it is. Psychologists have tracked that children who tolerate their urges more often as adults are more likely to get into college, get married and earn PHDS, while those who resist immediate gratification are more likely to drop out, divorce and suffer more frustration.", "hypothesis": "The main idea of the text is that it is very important for a child to develop self-control from an early age.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5287, "premise": "Social values are the concept of helping others held by social workers. It is a kind of altruism and respects the rights and choices of recipients. It believes that social work is a real service process, not the power of social workers in their hands.", "hypothesis": "Views of society does not belong to social values.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8230, "premise": "Positive reinforcement refers to rewarding and affirming a behavior with an attractive outcome in the hope of repeating the behavior under similar conditions. Negative reinforcement refers to the withdrawal or reduction of unpleasant stimuli when the behavior occurs, which can also increase the frequency of the behavior.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, under the attempting reward, there must be a brave man is positive reinforcement.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7249, "premise": "Only when the EU stops importing agricultural products from third countries and the security of Africa is guaranteed can the volunteers of international green organizations increase significantly. The security of Africa comes from the joint efforts of the whole international community, but such efforts are impossible due to the conflict of interests between some major countries in the world,", "hypothesis": "There was no significant increase in volunteers from international green organizations can be inferred.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4756, "premise": "Teaching monitoring ability means that in order to ensure the success of teaching and achieve the expected goals, teachers use teaching activities as consciousness objects throughout the teaching process, and continue to make adjustments actively in plan, inspect, evaluate, feedback and control", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, a serious talk with the students is not a manifestation of teaching monitoring ability.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5888, "premise": "An ambitious young man wanted to invent a solution that could dissolve everything.", "hypothesis": "Researching this solution requires complicated processes and equipment, and your conditions are not available can best make this young man change his original intentions.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13827, "premise": "Letter to the editor: You say that if the government were to confiscate a portion of the wages of convicted burglars when they reenter the workforce, it would be a form of stealing, hence an abuse of power. Yet under the proposal now being considered, the government would confiscate such wages in order to fund an account to compensate burglary victims. So even if confiscating a portion of burglars' wages were a form of stealing, it would still be justified.", "hypothesis": "The principle that 'the motive prompting an action determines whether or not that action is justified' most helps to support the argument in the letter to the editor.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10728, "premise": "People aged 46 to 55 spend more money per capita than people of any other age group. So it is puzzling that when companies advertise consumer products on television, they focus almost exclusively on people aged 25 and under. Indeed, those who make decisions about television advertising think that the value of a television advertising slot depends entirely on the number of people aged 25 and under who can be expected to be watching at that time.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Those who make decisions about television advertising believe that people older than 25 almost never change their buying habits' most helps to explain the puzzling facts stated above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11924, "premise": "Hospital auditor: The Rodriguez family stipulated that the funds they donated to the neurological clinic all be used to minimize patients' suffering. The clinic administration is clearly violating those terms, since it has allocated nearly one fifth of those funds for research into new diagnostic technologies, instead of letting that money flow directly to its patients. Clinic administrator: But the successful development of new technologies will allow early diagnosis of many neurological disorders. In most cases, patients who are treated in the early stages of neurological disorders suffer far less than do patients who are not treated until their neurological disorders reach advanced stages.", "hypothesis": "The main point at issue between the hospital auditor and the clinic administrator is whether the Rodriguez family clearly stipulated that the funds they donated to the neurological clinic be used to minimize patients' suffering.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9068, "premise": "There are seven recruits in a university: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one is a signal soldier, three are engineers, and the other three are transport soldiers. The conditions for the distribution of arms for recruits are as follows: H and Y must be assigned to the same arms. F and G cannot be assigned to the same arms. If X is assigned as a transport soldier, W is assigned as an engineer. F was assigned to be an engineer.", "hypothesis": "G and I cannot be assigned as transporters together.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2103, "premise": "Industrial waste gas emissions are an important reason for the increase in greenhouse gases, but there are also a large amount of greenhouse gases coming from underwater. The bottom sediments of water bodies such as lakes, ponds and rivers will produce methane, which mainly emerges from the water surface in the form of bubbles and enters the atmosphere. It has been found that nutrient-rich water sediments will release more methane. Therefore, some experts suggest that in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from water bodies, the abuse of chemical fertilizers should be restricted.", "hypothesis": "The premise of the above argument is that misuse of chemical fertilizers can easily bring too much nutrients to water sediments.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13020, "premise": "The total number of book titles published annually in North America has approximately quadrupled since television first became available. Retail sales of new titles, as measured in copies, increased rapidly in the early days of television, though the rate of increase has slowed in recent years. Library circulation has been flat or declining in recent years.", "hypothesis": "The introduction of television usually brings about a decrease in library use is most strongly supported by the information above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11284, "premise": "Old rose varieties have less vibrant colors than modern rose varieties, but are superior in fragrance. This situation has arisen because the modern rose varieties were developed to meet customer demand and marketed mainly through catalogs: colors, but not fragrances, can be photographed.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Breeding roses to enhance one trait often has unanticipated consequences for other traits' most strengthens the support for the causal claim made above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10026, "premise": "Plants must blossom before they can produce seeds there are two kinds of dragons, the Russian dragon and the French dragon, they look very similar. Russian dragons blossom, but French dragons do not blossom.However, the leaves of the Russian dragon pole do not have the unique fragrance that makes the French dragon pole an ideal seasoning.", "hypothesis": "As an ornamental plant, French dragons are more popular than Russian dragons can be inferred from the above discussion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13973, "premise": "Recent unexpectedly heavy rainfalls in the metropolitan area have filled the reservoirs and streams; water rationing, ttherefore, will not be necessary this summer.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Water rationing was imposed in the city in three of the last five years' most undermines the author's prediction.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6411, "premise": "The world economy is in a new round of growth. International trade and investment remain strong and persistent. Increasing bilateral and multilateral coordination in the international economic field is conducive to the development and stability of the world economy. The industrial structure promoted by the new technological revolution continues to deepen rapidly. The industrial transfer from developed countries to developing countries is missing the upgrade of the international industrial structure. Both China and ASEAN are optimistic about the bright prospects of bilateral cooperation in the future.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'China-asean cooperation enjoys bright prospects' illustrates the above words.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6889, "premise": "In the era of underdeveloped productivity, war has become the most important way to compete for resources. Youth are the most important participants in wars. To win the war, young people must have strong physical fitness. In order to win the war, each City-state youth organized for training. As the leader of the whole of Greece, the city-state of Athens had a population of 250,000 in its heyday. At the same time, Corinth had a population of 90,000, and some city-states had only 5,000 or less. The more the population, the higher the proportion of youth. , The more the city-state can occupy an advantageous position in the competition.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Competition mainly depends on people's physical fitness' emphasizes in an era of underdeveloped productivity.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6448, "premise": "The issue of food security has become a focus of our government and society. From the international background, affected by the American subprime crisis, asset prices represented by stocks and real estate are falling rapidly all over the world. Because of the decline in the stock and real estate markets, a huge amount of hot money around the world has shifted the focus of speculation to oil and food, leading to rising prices of oil and food, two commodities that affect human clothing, food, housing and transportation. From a domestic point of view, after this year's bumper summer grain harvest, grain prices continue to hover at low prices, widening the price gap with the international market. At the same time, the prices of vegetables, pork and many materials are rising, but grain prices have not risen significantly. Once China's existing grain price system is lost, it will directly affect the normal operation of our economy and social stability.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The grain price difference and its expansion in domestic and foreign markets is a potential factor affecting China's food security' is not in line with the idea of this text.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6685, "premise": "With the development of production, people's division of labor is more and more detailed, science and literature are gradually separated, forming scientific community and literary world. Nowadays, the division of labor is more detailed, and people who study science are limited to a certain discipline, a certain major, or even a certain topic for a lifetime. In this way, walking apart like a mountain often limits people's sight and hearing to a very small world and becomes a slave to the division of labor.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The division of liberal arts and science is necessary, but each should not draw a circle on the ground as a prison. Researchers should be proficient in both liberal arts and science' most directly supports this view.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3419, "premise": "The most popular so-called Star, Singer is actually not a real star. They do not deserve the attention and admiration of the public for their artistic achievements, cultural accomplishments and personal qualities.", "hypothesis": "Nowadays, most of the Starsand Singers are not deserve the attention and admiration of the public cannot be inferred from the above discussion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10416, "premise": "After all the cold dishes of a banquet table are served, there are a total of 7 hot dishes. Among them, 3 Sichuan dishes: K, L, M: 3 Cantonese dishes: Q, N, P: one Shandong cuisine: X. Only one hot dish is served at a time, and the order of serving must meet the following conditions: (1) Sichuan cuisine and Cantonese cuisine cannot be served continuously. (2) P cannot go before Q unless the second goes on Q. (3) P must go before X. (4) M must go before K, and K must go before N.", "hypothesis": "The list 'Q, M, P, L, X, K, N' lists the order of serving from first to seventh, and Q, M, P, L, X, K, N are eligible.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10671, "premise": "Editorial: Supporters of the proposed law that would require bicyclists to wear helmets are seriously misguided. The number of pedestrians who die yearly as a result of accidents involving automobiles is five times the number of deaths resulting from bicycle accidents, and drunken driving exacts a much higher toll than both combined. Yet there are no calls for a ban on alcohol or walking down the street.", "hypothesis": "It is silly to recommend that test pilots give up cigarette smoking because their risk of death from other causes is so high that it is unlikely they will live long enough to develop lung cancer exhibits a pattern of flawed reasoning most similar to that in the argument above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 23, "premise": "In a restaurant, all the dishes belong to Sichuan cuisine or Cantonese cuisine. There is Sichuan cuisine in Mr. Zhang's order. Therefore, Mr. Zhang ordered no Cantonese cuisine.", "hypothesis": "The restaurant rule: you don't need to order Cantonese cuisine if you order Sichuan cuisine; but if you order Cantonese cuisine, you must also order Sichuan cuisine should be added to make the above argument true.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8550, "premise": "Canadian researchers tracked the weight gain of 757 3-to 4-month-old babies for three years. The results showed that children who were already overweight or even obese at the age of 3 had different intestinal flora from those of normal weight. After a further study of the living environment of the babies tested, the researchers found that the babies who grew up in the families with the highest use of disinfectants contained twice as many helicobacteria in their intestines as the average. Spirillaceae bacteria feed on undigested carbohydrate fiber in the human body, which is broken down to provide the body with extra calories. The increase of this kind of bacteria causes the child to produce too much heat in the body and begin to gain weight at an early age.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this text is the relationship between household disinfection and infant weight.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 93, "premise": "Spam mails: E-mail advertisements, publications or other materials sent to users who have not taken the initiative to ask for, emails without clear communication methods, senders, return addresses, etc.; use China Telecom's network to violate the security policies or terms of service of other ISPs Actions and other emails that are expected to cause complaints.", "hypothesis": "An email from a known contact but it contains a virus is not spam mail according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10460, "premise": "Statistics show that people who practice Taijiquan all the year round have the same average life expectancy as those who never practice Taijiquan. Thus it can be seen that practicing Taijiquan can not strengthen the body and prolong life.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"Some athletes are physically strong, but their life expectancy is lower than that of ordinary people\" would most strongly weaken the above argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11062, "premise": "Though ice cream is an excellent source of calcium, dairy farmers report that during the past ten years there has been a sharp decline in ice cream sales. And during the same period, sales of cheddar cheese have nearly doubled. Ttherefore, more and more people must be choosing to increase their intake of calcium by eating cheddar cheese rather than ice cream.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning above is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it fails to consider alternative explanations of the decline in sales of ice cream.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6938, "premise": "The long tail theory holds that all non-mainstream markets will add up to form a market larger than the mainstream market, and these small amounts of demand will form a long tail on the demand curve, achieving a large number of minorities. On the long tail, personalization, which has been squeezed and ignored by popular fashion, will be highlighted. A typical example is the opportunity that the Internet brings to books. The production and dissemination costs of a book in a bookstore are not the same as those on the Internet. The unlimited space of the Internet makes the cost drop, and the total sales with the least demand can always match the total number of mainstream and most needed bestsellers.", "hypothesis": "The essence and content of long tail theory conforms to the context.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6800, "premise": "Government decision-making and efficiency are usually commendable, but they are no exception. If there is no perfect framework of democratic control and supervision, the high efficiency of the government will sometimes become the high efficiency that harms the rights and interests of the people and damages the long-term social, cultural and environmental interests of a place. For example, efficient demolition without full and equal consultation with the public and full evaluation of the cultural destructive power of demolition will inevitably seriously damage the rights and interests of demolition households and destroy the cultural inheritance of the city. We don't want to be so efficient.", "hypothesis": "The government's decision-making and efficiency are not necessarily a good thing is the meaning of this passage.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9237, "premise": "Convergence is a process in which different species of organisms develop into one or more similar physical features in order to adapt to the same environment. The similarity between ichthyosaurs and fish is an example of convergence. Ichthyosaurs are marine reptiles and do not belong to the same class as fish. In order to adapt to the marine environment, the physical characteristics of ichthyosaurs tend to be consistent with those of fish. The most striking thing is that ichthyosaurs have fins like fish.", "hypothesis": " Members of the same kind of creatures must have one or more physical features that distinguish them from other kinds of organisms is a reasonable corollary of the above statement.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10743, "premise": "A significant number of complex repair jobs carried out by Ace Repairs have to be reworked under the company' s warranty. The reworked jobs are invariably satisfactory. When initial repairs are inadequate, ttherefore, it is not because the mechanics lack competence; rather, there is clearly a level of focused concentration that complex repairs require that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs.", "hypothesis": "The argument above assumes that there is no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6100, "premise": "Some people say that all knowledge is scientific, all science is colorless, and in the pursuit of knowledge, we should know the attitude of no color. If this statement is not expanded at will, I also agree. But we should know that as long as we are a living person, there must be color. There must be a power of color in the pursuit of colorless knowledge, This driving force not only determines the direction and results of a person's pursuit of knowledge, but also determines whether a person is sincere in knowledge.", "hypothesis": "The power of color in this passage means value orientation.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 925, "premise": "Ultraviolet penetration ability is strong, can reach the dermis, the skin tanned, very harmful to the skin, even in the non-summer period, although the intensity of ultraviolet light is weak, it still exists, but long time accumulation is easy to make skin injury, melanin precipitation, skin aging and relaxation problems. So women who want to be beautiful must wear sunscreen every day.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The amount of ultraviolet radiation in an indoor space half a meter away from a window is about 40 percent of that in an outdoor space, and 15 percent of that in an indoor space 1.5 meters away from a window. Therefore, sunscreen is not necessary when staying indoors' is the most likely to undermine the conclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6446, "premise": "Community is the basic unit of society, and harmonious community is the important foundation of building harmonious socialism. It is necessary to bring the construction of a harmonious community into the strategic planning of community development, under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, according to the functional orientation of ensuring production, serving life and maintaining stability, and actively build an omni-directional, three-dimensional, deep-seated harmonious community creation system, and strive to build a comfortable resident environment, warm and convenient quality service, safe and stable social order, healthy and civilized way of life. A harmonious community characterized by the atmosphere of unity and cooperation and the burst of development activities.", "hypothesis": "The basic characteristics of harmonious community is not the meaning of this passage.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5492, "premise": "In order to improve the income of taxi drivers, F city taxi company plans to change its taxi charging scheme. The company will charge a starting fee of 10 yuan for the first 5 kilometers or less, and 2 yuan per kilometer in the future; Instead of charging a starting fee of 6 yuan for the first 3 kilometers or less, a fare of 2 yuan per kilometer will be charged in the future,", "hypothesis": "The assumption that people who often travel by taxi in F City sometimes ask taxi drivers not to charge according to the charging scheme formulated by the company is most likely based on the company's belief that the above plan can achieve the purpose of increasing revenue.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10820, "premise": "A certain credit-card company awards its customers bonus points for using its credit card. Customers can use accumulated points in the purchase of brand name merchandise by mail at prices lower than the manufacturers' suggested retail prices. At any given time, ttherefore, customers who purchase merchandise using the bonus points spend less than they would spend if they purchased the same merchandise in retail stores.", "hypothesis": "The assumption that the amount credit-card customers pay for shipping the merchandise ordered by mail does not increase the amount customers spend to an amount greater than they would spend if they purchased the same merchandise in retail stores is on which the argument depends.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10666, "premise": "Ethicist: Utilitarianism argues that it is good and right to act in the best interests of all entities involved, and says the best action is that which serves the maximum number of those entities. For example, making vaccination of children a requirement is considered utilitarianism because __.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'it is seen as an act of serving the majority of public good' most logically completes the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5991, "premise": "There is now a view that with the popularity of credit cards and the development of mobile payments in recent years, coins will inevitably fade out of the circulating market quickly.", "hypothesis": "At present, some vending machines and other devices that play an important role in life still only support coin payments and these devices will not be updated in recent years best refutes the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10895, "premise": "Montgomery, a biologist who is also well read in archaeology, has recently written a book on the origin and purpose of ancient monumental architecture. This book has received much positive attention in the popular press but has been severely criticized by many professional archaeologists for being too extreme. Montgomery' s views do not deserve a negative appraisal, however, since those views are no more extreme than the views of some professional archaeologists.", "hypothesis": "The argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that it provides no independent evidence to show that the majority of professional archaeologists do not support Montgomery's views.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3373, "premise": "Necessary conditions refer to the judgment relationship that there is no result without conditions, and there may not be a result with conditions. It is a condition opposite to sufficient and necessary conditions.", "hypothesis": "It's raining is not a necessary condition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2194, "premise": "Community home care for the aged refers to the way of providing professional and social services to the elderly living at home to solve all kinds of practical difficulties in daily life with the family as the core and the community as the support.", "hypothesis": "Since he lived in the neighborhood nursing home last year, uncle Wen has gained five kilograms. Not only is life very comfortable there, but also there are more than 20 old people in the surrounding community. He is a little reluctant to go home even for the new year belongs to the community home care for the aged.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9728, "premise": "A foreign company buys insects such as pseudo-walkers and crickets from farmers, processes them into powder or oil, and then mixes them with other ingredients to make delicious food that makes people unable to eat insects. The company made a profit of millions of dollars by selling the food in 2019. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization affirmed the company's practice and pointed out that eating insects is conducive to dealing with worldwide food shortages and malnutrition.", "hypothesis": "Insects are rich in protein, fat, supplements vitamins and iron, and are large and low-cost supplementary foods can be used as the premise of the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 108, "premise": "Gambler psychology, gamblers have their own set of theories, called the gambler's fallacy, which is characterized by always believing that their expected goal will come, just like when betting on roulette, the probability of red or black in each round is always 50%, but the gambler thinks that if he bets on red, if black appears several times in a row, the chance of red appearing next time will increase. If it is not this time, then it will be more certain next time. This is a typical irrational theory. In fact, every opportunity is always 50%. The main characteristics of the gambler's psychology: 1. Just want to take a chance to make a fortune, unwilling to work to get rich, start a business to get rich; 2. Dare to make a desperate bet, take risks, even at the cost of life. Cost; 3. Do whatever it takes in order to achieve the goala.", "hypothesis": "Zhu Xuelin accidentally winning the lottery, feeling that his luck will get better and better, and buying more lottery tickets with his all gains belongs to gambler psychology according to the definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11992, "premise": "Mel: The official salary for judges has always been too low to attract the best candidates to the job. The legislature' s move to raise the salary has done nothing to improve the situation, because it was coupled with a ban on receiving money for lectures and teaching engagements. Pat: No, the raise in salary really does improve the situation. Since very few judges teach or give lectures, the ban will have little or no negative effect.", "hypothesis": "Pat's response to Mel is inadequate in that it attempts to assess how a certain change will affect potential members of a group by providing evidence about its effect on the current members.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4920, "premise": "Once a writer was asked to identify a very sloppy paragraph in his work. He said, when I wrote these sentences, only monk Huai Su was with me, and now only he knows.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"The writer has forgotten the content of this paragraph and is difficult to recognize his handwriting\" means that the writer has forgotten the content of this paragraph and is difficult to recognize his handwriting.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12003, "premise": "Fluoride enters a region' s groundwater when rain dissolves fluoride-bearing minerals in the soil. In a recent study, researchers found that when rainfall, concentrations of fluoride-bearing minerals, and other relevant variables are held constant, fluoride concentrations in groundwater are significantly higher in areas where the groundwater also contains a high concentration of sodium.", "hypothesis": "Sodium-bearing minerals dissolve at a faster rate than fluoride-bearing minerals can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the researchers' findings.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7124, "premise": "The basic rights and obligations of citizens refer to the minimum legal rights and obligations that Chinese citizens should enjoy and perform as recognized by the constitution.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, governments at all levels and society should provide all possible conditions for the realization of the basic rights stipulated in the Constitution without discount.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6272, "premise": "Reading is a personal life habit, which is determined by cultural literacy. Without the pursuit of knowledge or the hobby of culture, it is difficult to imagine that people can calm down and read. The habit of reading should be cultivated from an early age. Starting from the beginning, only the love and pursuit of cultural knowledge can make us accustomed to reading. The reading habits and hobbies of Chinese people cannot be solved by a youth reading festival. Therefore, reading is still based on usual habits.", "hypothesis": "The topic of the above is Reading habits.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2997, "premise": "Grain can be traded in the futures market before harvesting. If grain production is predicted to be insufficient, grain futures prices will rise; if grain harvests are predicted, grain futures prices will fall. This morning, meteorologists predicted that from tomorrow there will be much-needed rainfall in the grain-producing areas. Therefore, since sufficient moisture is very important to the survival of current grains, the price of grain futures today will fall sharply.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'A pathogen that has destroyed some cereal crops will spread more widely before the end of the growing season, agricultural experts announced today' weakens the above point of view most seriously.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6292, "premise": "From an economic perspective, there are two basic problems: one is the problem of incentive mechanism, and the other is the problem of coordination. In the final analysis, the system is used to solve these two problems. No matter what method you use, as long as you can solve it, it is a good system. Therefore, there is no standard system in the world. When people ignore these basic problems and simply apply certain concepts, problems will arise.", "hypothesis": "According to the above paragraph, the correct statement is \"How to use economics principles to evaluate a system.\"", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6337, "premise": "The ancient city of Beiting is the Tang Dynasty Beiting Duhu Mansion, Beiting Daduhu Mansion, and the governing place of Beiting Dao. Its scale is magnificent, ranking first in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain and second in Xinjiang. After the vicissitudes of time, it has been transformed into the huge ruins of the legacy which can still vaguely glimpse the majestic atmosphere of the heavy battlements and deep trenches. This thousand-year-old city is also the seat of the important military and political institutions of the Tang Dynasty, the Han Navy and the Tingzhou government office, and has become a record of ancient history. It is an eternal symbol of the country. Its former site is in the border of Jimsar County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, only 12 kilometers to the south from the county seat. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.", "hypothesis": "Geographic location of Beiting's ancient city cannot be learned from this text.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8288, "premise": "Nowadays, people often complain that it is difficult for them to get enough sleep, and the quality of sleep is often poor. Some experts believe this has something to do with many products of modern technology, such as Changming street lamps, televisions, computers and mobile phones, where the light generated by artificial light sources and electronic devices disturbs sleep and makes it difficult for people to fall asleep.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"At present, some people's sleep problems are probably not due to the short total sleep time, but because of some health problems caused by the use of computers and other devices\" can best support the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14517, "premise": "A fundamental illusion in robotics is the belief that improvements in robots will liberate humanity from hazardous and demeaning work. Engineers are designing only those types of robots that can be properly maintained with the least expensive, least skilled human labor possible. Ttherefore, robots will not eliminate demeaning work -- only substitute one type of demeaning work for another.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that it fails to address the possibility that the amount of demeaning work eliminated by robots might be significantly greater than the amount they create.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7056, "premise": "In the face of earthquakes, science is still promising. Through the study of seismic waves, it is found that seismic waves include P-waves and S-waves. The former propagates faster but has less destructive power, while the latter is the opposite. Therefore, through the seismic monitoring network, people monitor the P-waves of seismic waves with faster propagation speed and send signals to the monitoring center, The monitoring center can send an alarm to the public and key facilities by radio waves through the client. In other words, the earthquake alarm is a race between radio waves and seismic shear waves, which can warn people when the seismic shear waves have not yet arrived.", "hypothesis": "The scientific use of the time difference between two kinds of seismic waves can send out effective earthquake alarm is intended to explain that.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11262, "premise": "A two-year study beginning in 1977 found that, among 85-year-old people, those whose immune systems were weakest were twice as likely to die within two years as others in the study. The cause of their deaths, however, was more often heart disease, against which the immune system does not protect, than cancer or infections, which are attacked by the immune system.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Those in the study who survived into the 1980s had, in 1976, strengthened their immune systems through drug therapy' would offer the best prospects for explaining deaths in which weakness of the immune system, though present, played no causal role.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14815, "premise": "Sociologist: The claim that there is a large number of violent crimes in our society is false, for this claim is based upon the large number of stories in newspapers about violent crimes. But since violent crimes are very rare occurrences, newspapers are likely to print stories about them.", "hypothesis": "The sociologist's argument is flawed because it presupposes the truth of the conclusion it is attempting to establish.", "label": "entailment", "type": {}}
{"id": 12944, "premise": "Experienced gardeners advise against planting snap peas after late April because peas do not develop properly in warm weather. This year, however, the weather was unusually cool into late June, and ttherefore the fact that these snap peas were planted in mid-May is unlikely to result in crop failure despite the experts' warnings.", "hypothesis": "The pattern of reasoning displayed above is most closely paralleled in the statement 'Since African violets do not thrive in direct sunlight, it is said that in this region these plants should be placed in windows facing north rather than south; however, since these south-facing windows are well shaded by evergreen trees, the African violets placed in them are likely to grow satisfactorily.'", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2709, "premise": "Mobile payment is now rapidly gaining popularity in large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. However, not all Chinese are familiar with this new method of payment and many elderly people are still used to traditional cash transactions. As a result, some experts assert that the rapid popularity of mobile payments will keep the elderly out of the consumer economy, thus affecting their quality of life in their later years.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'By 2030, the number of people over 60 in China will increase to 320 million and the quality of life of the elderly will further attract social attention' can best question the expert's assertion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3282, "premise": "Only those with good logical thinking ability and physics major background can be qualified for this position.", "hypothesis": "If the above statement is true, Doctor Of physics Xiao Zhao cannot be qualified for this post.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5487, "premise": "In recent years, especially in the first tier cities, the proportion of buyers who buy first-hand new houses instead of second-hand houses has fallen. Some buyers believe that this is due to the rise of first-hand new house prices. As the basis for price rise, they use data to prove that even through inflation adjustment, the purchase price paid by first-hand new house buyers is much higher than the house price a few years ago", "hypothesis": "The relative increase in sales of second-hand houses may be explained by the decision of only a small share of all home buyers can best explain the lack of persuasion of the above-mentioned property buyers.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10941, "premise": "Many artists claim that art critics find it is easier to write about art that they dislike than to write about art that they like. Whether or not this hypothesis is correct, most art criticism is devoted to art works that fail to satisfy the critic. Hence it follows that most art criticism is devoted to works other than the greatest works of art.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion above is properly drawn if the assumption that all art critics find it difficult to discover art works that truly satisfy them is made.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3393, "premise": "Formal communication refers to the transmission and communication of information within the organizational system according to certain organizational principles. For example, correspondence between organizations, internal communication of documents, meetings, regular exchange of information between superiors and subordinates. In addition, the group organized visits, technical exchanges, market research and so on are also included.", "hypothesis": "Staff meeting is a formal communication channel.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14824, "premise": "Theories in certain scientific fields may be in flux today, but this unsettled state must be attributed to scientific progress, not to a lack of theoretical rigor. Several decades of scientific research have recently culminated in a wealth of new discoveries in these fields, and whenever many new facts come to light in a field, the ways in which that field organizes its knowledge inevitably need adjustment.", "hypothesis": "The argument proceeds by presenting the situation to be explained as part of a general pattern.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5229, "premise": "Export processing zones are a form of special economic zones. They are export-oriented special economic zones. They mainly use foreign capital, technology, and equipment, and take advantage of China's land, resources, labor and other advantages, and the products produced are mainly exported.", "hypothesis": "Shenzhen's Shekou Industrial Zone belongs to the export processing zone and adopts the method of processing supplied materials to cooperate with foreigners, and the products are sold abroad.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5333, "premise": "Property income refers to the income derived from movable property (such as bank deposits, securities, etc.) and real property (such as houses, vehicles, land, collectibles, etc.) owned by the family.", "hypothesis": "Patent income from the transfer of property use rights is not classified as property income according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11774, "premise": "For the United States meat industry, there is good news and bad news. The bad news is that over the last three years people in the United States have been eating less meat. The good news, is that during this same time period meat producers' profits have risen steadily.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Countries that are unable to produce enough meat for their populations have become a new and lucrative market for United States meat producers' contributes most to a resolution of the apparent discrepancy above if it is true during the last three years.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11948, "premise": "Although early jazz music featured a great deal of improvisation, this improvisation did not stray too far from the rather simple, catchy melodies upon which it was based. So, however interesting it may be, later music featuring improvisation that strays far from the melody ought not to be classified as jazz.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The later music featuring improvisation has much more in common with early jazz than with any other type of music' most weakens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12698, "premise": "If the majority of the residents of the apartment complex complain that their apartments are infested with ants, then the management of the complex will have to engage the services of an exterminator. But the majority of the residents of the complex indicate that their apartments are virtually free of ants. Ttherefore, the management of the complex will not have to engage the services of an exterminator.", "hypothesis": "The argument that 'Most employees will attend the company picnic if the entertainment committee is successful in getting a certain band to play at the picnic. But that band will be out of the country on the day of the picnic, so it is not true that most employees will attend' contains a flawed pattern of reasoning parallel to that contained in the argument above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 368, "premise": "In daily life, some people save trouble when taking medicine. After putting the pills in their mouths, they do not drink water or just take a sip of water, and then swallow hard, thinking they have finished taking the medicine. Some people think that this way of taking medicine is not advisable.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'When taking the medicine, drinking too little water will make the tablets stay in the esophagus for a longer time and even cause side effects' best supports these people's views.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10590, "premise": "Fossilized teeth of an extinct species of herbivorous great ape have on them phytoliths, which are microscopic petrified remains of plants. Since only phytoliths from certain species of plants are found on the teeth, the apes' diet must have consisted only of those plants.", "hypothesis": "The argument assumes that none of the plant species that left phytoliths on the apes' teeth has since become extinct.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3172, "premise": "Computers with wireless internet access will also have antenna radiation, because the keyboard is essentially an antenna. Each key of the keyboard is covered with a vertical and horizontal grid, which itself forms an antenna, and each key is scanned by high-frequency electromagnetic at any time, which can emit a large number of electromagnetic waves. Usually, people only pay attention to blocking the electromagnetic waves in the chassis, but ignore the leakage of the electromagnetic waves of the keyboard to a great extent.", "hypothesis": "According to the above discussion, working in electromagnetic wave environment for a long time is easy to cause human injury cannot be deduced.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 908, "premise": "Sunk cost refers to the cost that cannot be changed by any decision made now or in the future because the decision made in the past has already occurred. From a rational point of view, sunk costs should not affect our decision-making. However, we often make a lot of irrational decision-making behaviors because we want to recover or avoid sunk costs. This is called the sunk cost effect.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Xiao Ming lending his friend 10,000 yuan a year ago and deciding not to let his friend repay the money is not a sunk cost effect.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9751, "premise": "In recent years, people's living conditions are getting better and better, and the requirements for tourism ---are getting higher and higher. In the past, the way of tourism ---- has been gradually replaced by the way of in-depth experience and paying attention to culture and interaction. it is under this background that the development of the integration of culture and tourism --- has become a hot spot.", "hypothesis": "Quality, just looking at the flowers, came into being at the historic moment is the most appropriate option to fill in the underlined part.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10893, "premise": "Physician: In comparing our country with two other countries of roughly the same population size, I found that even though we face the same dietary, bacterial, and stress-related causes of ulcers as they do, prescriptions for ulcer medicines in all socioeconomic strata are much rarer here than in those two countries. It' s clear that we suffer significantly fewer ulcers, per capita, than they do.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Several other countries not covered in the physician's comparisons have more prescriptions for ulcer medication than does the physician's country' most strengthens the physician's argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5600, "premise": "Merton, an American sociologist, divides social function into two levels: explicit function and latent function. Explicit function is the objective consequence conducive to the adjustment and adaptation of the system. This adaptation and adjustment is expected or expected and recognized by the participants in the system. Latent function is the objective consequence that has not been expected and recognized.", "hypothesis": "From remote mountainous areas, in order to get rid of poverty and let parents live a good life, he studied hard and worked hard from an early age. Within a few years, he became the person in charge of a large enterprise and made himself an example for parents in his hometown to educate their children does not contain a description of potential functions.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1952, "premise": "When talking about the history of human art, people tend to pay more attention to language, especially as a text. Because people used to think that vision is intuitive, concrete and perceptual, lack of profound and complex meaning. But from a historical point of view, people create and come into contact with images before they use and understand words. The history of the relationship between human beings and images is far longer than that between human beings and words in terms of time length. The expression and communication of images not only has a long history, but people often find that the experience and interpretation of visual art is as difficult as the grasp of spoken and written language, or even more complicated.", "hypothesis": "The human visual system is more fully developed than the language system is emphasized in this paragraph.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2903, "premise": "As a country's general election is approaching, international politics expert Researcher Chen predicts that the outcome of the election will be that Party A controls the government or Party B controls the government. If Party A wins control of the government, the country will have economic problems; if Party B wins control of the government, the country will fall into a military crisis.", "hypothesis": "Based on the above prediction of Researcher Chen, it can be concluded that the country will have economic problems, or it will fall into a military crisis.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3174, "premise": "Music appreciation does not only exist as a part of music acceptance, but also affects music creation and edges in the way of feedback. Its aesthetic judgment and aesthetic choice can often affect the aesthetic choice of composers and performers. Every serious musician can't help but listen to the information feedback of music appreciation to adjust and improve his artistic creation.", "hypothesis": "According to the above materials, it can be inferred that all musicians and composers pay attention to the feedback of music listeners.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6147, "premise": "The principle of visible light communication technology is very simple, light represents 1, light off represents 0, and the combination of light and off carries information. However, because the frequency of visible light is much higher than that of wireless network communication signals, its propagation is very linear, and a slight obstruction will cause communication interruption. Taking into account the development trend of technology and product practicability, visible light communication is not likely to replace wireless networks and be widely used in homes, but this does not mean that this technology has no practical value. This technology has exciting application prospects in broadcast-style public communications. Using visible light communication technology, LED signal lights can tell the driver that there is congestion going straight ahead, and it is recommended to turn right to take another road.", "hypothesis": "Visible light communication technology will make earth-shaking changes in the home network can be deduced from this text.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9096, "premise": "Critical thinking in Business, a core subject at the University of Sydney's business school, was taken by 1200 students in the final exam, but more than 400 failed, 80 percent of whom were Chinese students. The University of Sydney explained: Chinese students lack critical thinking and are not good at English.The student's representative L complained: The level of English for the students admitted by the school is recognized by the school, and the entrance examination required IELTS to be 7, and we have all reached this level.", "hypothesis": "Student representative L's complaint depends on the assumption that the school may have unfair discrimination in assessing the scores of Chinese students.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9799, "premise": "The giant-toothed shark, which became extinct 2.6 million years ago, is more than 15 meters long and has a powerful bite force, and its 3-meter-wide jaw can crush a car. However, a recent study shows that giant-toothed sharks prefer minke whales less than 5 meters long rather than larger baleen whales. However, due to climate change, the population of minke whales has plummeted. Based on this, the researchers believe that giant-toothed sharks became extinct due to lack of food.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Large whales such as humpback whales and blue whales that lived at the same time as giant-toothed sharks have evolved' most weakens the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1999, "premise": "The similarity between modern chemistry and alchemy (alchemy) is to create new things at the molecular level, but it is actually the task of nuclear physicists to create new elements. They use some cyclotron accelerators to blast out new elements and fill them into the periodic table as the winning fruit of chemists. Classical alchemy actually had the idea of elements and atoms, but it did not have rational thinking. For example, the Europeans in the Middle Ages believed that light, heavy, dry and wet were the basic physical properties, dry but light was fire and dry and heavy was soil. What is wet and light is gas and what is wet and heavy is water. Therefore, any substance is the result of different proportions of the four basic elements: water, fire, earth, and air, which is obviously different from the current concept of the world. At the same time, the understanding of the nature of matter in other civilizations is also between mystery and reason.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'You can know all kinds of ideas about elements in the world' is most likely to be discussed next.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14303, "premise": "Until recently, anthropologists generally agreed that higher primates originated about 30 million years ago in the Al Fayyum region of Egypt. However, a 40-million-year-old fossilized fragment of a lower jawbone discovered in Burma (now called Myanmar) in 1978 was used to support the theory that the earliest higher primates originated in Burma. However, the claim is premature, for __.", "hypothesis": "The most logical completion of the paragraph above is 'several anthropologists, using different dating methods, independently confirmed the estimated age of the jawbone fragment.'", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4066, "premise": "Adaptation refers to the action of the same stimulus on the sensory organ, causing a change in the sensory ability of the sensory organ to appropriate stimulation.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, when a part of the body is in pain, you will feel the pain subside by clenching your lips or clenching your fists does not fit the concept of adaptation.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1480, "premise": "On the surface of the aircraft carrier, the personnel at each station are dressed in colorful clothing, which is very different from the dress code of the same color on traditional warships. The colors of the helmets, vests and long-sleeved shirts worn by the staff are also different ;Purple represents fuel supply; red represents danger and safety control; green represents takeoff and landing and aircraft maintenance; blue represents transportation and gas supply guarantee; brown stands for locomotive maintenance, The appearance looks like a rainbow of seven colors on the deck.", "hypothesis": "The source of the text is Popular science books.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12314, "premise": "Citizens of Parktown are worried by the increased frequency of serious crimes committed by local teenagers. In response, the city government has instituted a series of measures designed to keep teenagers at home in the late evening. Even if the measures succeed in keeping teenagers at home, however, they are unlikely to affect the problem that concerns citizens, since most crimes committed by local teenagers take place between 3 p. m. and 6 p. m.", "hypothesis": "Teenagers are much less likely to commit serious crimes when they are at home than when they are not at home most substantially weakens the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7087, "premise": "A batch of new products are not up to standard. After inspection, the reason is not due to the poor quality of raw materials or the design error of the products. From this we conclude that the sub-standard products are due to the low skill level of the workers.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"The product does not meet the requirements, either because of the poor quality of raw materials, or because of product design errors, or because of the low level of skill of the workers\" best supports the conclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6447, "premise": "Wasps that reproduce by parasitism can inject just the right number of eggs into the eggs of various insects suitable for their offspring. If it injects too many eggs into the host's eggs, its larvae will die because they do not get enough space and nutrition in the competition with each other; if too few eggs are injected into the larvae, the excess nutrients in the host eggs will spoil, which in turn will lead to the death of the larvae.", "hypothesis": "In the mechanism of parasitic reproduction of wasps, wasps should have the ability to accurately distinguish the size of host eggs is correct, based on the information provided.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2017, "premise": "In the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the riverbed is about 10 meters higher than both sides of the river, so that it is also called aboveground river. This is due to the high sediment content of the Yellow River, slow water speed and continuous sediment deposition in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.", "hypothesis": "The place passing through the lower reaches of the Yellow River used to be relatively high-lying is the cause of the aboveground river.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 637, "premise": "Friendship is an important way to obtain happiness in life. According to the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero, Friendship only exists between good people, and friendship for life is the most difficult thing; another Spanish philosopher, George Santayana believes that friendship is almost always a combination of a part of one heart and a part of another, and people can only be partial friends.", "hypothesis": "If the above statement is true, then there will be no friendship between bad people.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2174, "premise": "An international paleontological research team recently reported that the True South Turtle, which lived in South Africa 280 million years ago, is the ancestor of modern turtles who survived large-scale species extinctions from Permian to Triassic. At that time, in order to avoid the harsh natural environment, they tried to dig down the hole, and in order to ensure that the digging movement of the forelimbs was strong enough, the body needed a stable support, which led to the widening of the ribs. It can be seen that turtles have shells to adapt to the environment, but not for protection, but to dig holes in the ground.", "hypothesis": "The tortoise shell evolved from the gradual widening of the turtle's ribs can be added as a prerequisite.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12988, "premise": "Anthropologist: Violence is an extreme form of aggression, and is distinct from the self-expression sufficient for survival under normal conditions. Human beings in certain situations react to unpleasant stimuli with violence -- but only because they are conditioned by their culture to react in this manner.", "hypothesis": "The self-expression required for survival is generally nonagressive cannot be logically inferred from the anthropologist's statements.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1990, "premise": "M City made public the work of issuing shares for the first time in more than 20 years, with a total of eight companies listed. To this end, a newspaper in M City investigated more than 5000 people on the issue of stock issuance. The results show that the non-investors in the public have a moderate evaluation of the offering prices of the eight companies, and the above people do not make an evaluation because they have no stock speculation experience. Obviously, more than 1/5 of investors think that the stock offering price is on the high side and that the low one is close to zero, but this should be regarded as more natural, and most people who buy things tend to think that things are expensive. Old investors also think that the price of new shares is on the high side.", "hypothesis": "The reasons why the old investors choose not to buy new shares can be inferred from the above words.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6145, "premise": "With a social contract, people lose their natural freedom and their absolute right to take whatever they are willing to take; through a social contract, they get civilized freedom and legal rights to the property they own. When weighing the pros and cons, if we want to avoid making mistakes, we must clearly distinguish what is natural freedom and what is civilized freedom-natural freedom is only controlled by the actual power of individuals, while civilized freedom is restricted by public will. After stepping into a civilized society, mankind has gained moral freedom, and this alone has made mankind its own master.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The social contract gives people the freedom of civilization and restricts the freedom of nature' is correct based on the above text.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3394, "premise": "Product positioning in management refers to the determination of the function, quality, price, packaging, sales channels and service methods of a product (or service) in order to satisfy the target market.", "hypothesis": "The behavior 'Our service will be mainly through home maintenance to achieve' does not fall within the scope of product positioning in management science.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7381, "premise": "Mind refers to people's precipitation and storage of known things, through biological reaction (brain information processing) and the realization of a desire to need the sum of a kind of ability.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, mind is when Min has just learned to walk. When she saw the cat, she was so frightened that she cried and kept calling for her mother.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 944, "premise": "Self-control is not only about control oneself, but also includes the ability to eliminate interference from irrelevant stimuli and persist in completing related tasks (even tasks that one does not like). There are different views from various schools in academic circles on whether self-control is stable and unchangeable or can be consumed. Psychologists divided the experimental subjects into two groups and asked them to solve problems in the same field. One group could only eat radishes when solving problems, and the other group could also eat biscuits. As a result, the group that only ate radishes gave up earlier because they not only resisted the temptation of biscuits but also consumed self-control. From this, psychologists conclude that people's self-control is limited, and overuse of it will lead to a decrease.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Biscuits and radishes have different effects in replenishing human body's energy' should be added as a prerequisite for the rationality of the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11545, "premise": "Although it is unwise to take a developmental view of an art like music -- as if Beethoven were an advance over Josquin, or Miles Davis an advance over Louis Armstrong -- there are ways in which it makes sense to talk about musical knowledge growing over time. We certainly know more about certain sounds than was known five centuries ago; that is, we understand how sounds that earlier composers avoided can be used effectively in musical compositions. For example, we now know how the interval of the third, which is considered dissonant, can be used in compositions to create consonant musical phrases.", "hypothesis": "The main conclusion of the argument is that our understanding of music can improve over the course of time.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.