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[ "Bulgaria first participated at the Olympic Games at the inaugural 1896 Games , with a single gymnast .", "Bulgaria was first at the Olympic Games at the very first Games in 1896 ." ]
[ "Gelder further proposed six key ways in which subcultures can be identified through their : The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing , music and other visible affectations by members of subcultures , and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture .", "The study of subcultures often involves the study of symbolism attached to clothing , music and other visible things by members of subcultures , and also the ways that these same symbols are seen and understood by members of the dominate culture ." ]
[ "The first monastery to be raided was in 793 at Lindisfarne , off the northeast coast ; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle described the Vikings as heathen men .", "The first recorded Viking attack in England was in 793 at Lindisfarne ." ]
[ "The Great Danish Army or The Great Viking Army , known by the Anglo-Saxons as the Great Heathen Army ( OE : mycel heathen here ) , was a group of hitherto uncoordinated bands of vikings that originated from Denmark , Norway and Sweden who came together under a unified command to invade the four Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that constituted England in 865 AD .", "The Great Heathen Army , also called the Great Danish Army or The Great Viking Army , was a large force of Danish Vikings that attacked Anglo-Saxon England ." ]
[ "Numerous testimonies from the Nuremberg Trials along with records in German , Italian and Austrian war archives bear witness to atrocities perpetrated against the civilian population .", "Numerous surviving testimonies from the Nuremberg Trials and the German and the Italian war archives bear witness to bestialities perpetrated against the civilian population of the state ." ]
[ "The Ustaše committed their deeds not only against males of conscript age , but especially against helpless old people , women and children .", "The Ustashas committed their deeds in a bestial manner not only against males of conscript age , but especially against helpless old people , women and children ." ]
[ "The Marseilles Prefect of Police , Jouhannaud , was subsequently removed from office .", "The Prefect of Police of Marseilles , Jouhannaud , was subsequently removed from office ." ]
[ "Early in his high school days , he joined the Pure Party of Rights as well as the Frankovci students ' organization , founded by Josip Frank , father-in-law of Slavko Kvaternik , an Austro-Hungarian colonel .", "An extremist even in his youth , he became a member of the organization known as the `` Frankovci '' whose founder , Dr. Josip Frank , was the father-in-law of Slavko Kvaternik , an Austro-Hungarian army officer ." ]
[ "General Edmund von Glaise-Horstenau reported to the German Army Command OKW on 28 June 1941 : On 10 July , General Glaise-Horstenau added : A report ( to Gestapo chief Heinrich Himmler , dated 17 February 1942 ) on increased partisan activities stated that `` Increased activity of the bands is chiefly due to atrocities carried out by Ustaše units in Croatia against the Orthodox population . ''", "A Gestapo report to Himmler ( 17 February 1942 ) on increased Partisan activities stated that `` Increased activity of the bands is chiefly due to atrocities carried out by Ustasha units in Croatia against the Orthodox population ." ]
[ "That the security was lax even though one attempt had already been made on Alexander 's life testified to Pavelić 's organizational abilities ; he had apparently been able to bribe a high official in the Sûreté General .", "The singular lack of armed protection afforded to the Yugoslav monarch , and the general laxity of security precautions when it was well-known that one attempt had already been made on Alexander 's life are grim tributes to Pavelić organizational abilities ; he had apparently been able to bribe a high official in the Surete General ." ]
[ "Pavelić died on 28 December 1959 at the German hospital in Madrid ( Hospital Alemán ) at the age of 70 .", "Pavelić died on 28 December 1959 , at the German hospital in Madrid , reportedly from complications due to the bullet in his spine ." ]
[ "Ante Pavelić ( 14 July 1889 - 28 December 1959 ) was a Croatian fascist leader and politician who led the Ustaše movement and who during World War II ruled the Independent State of Croatia ( NDH ) , a puppet state of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in part of the occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia , pursuing genocidal policies against ethnic and racial minorities .", "Ante Pavelić ( 14 July 1889 - 28 December 1959 ) was the founding member of the Croatian national socialist\\/fascist Ustaše movement and terrorist organization in the 1930s ." ]
[ "Reports circulated that Pavelić had fled to Paraguay to work for the Stroessner regime ; his Spanish asylum became known only in late 1959 .", "Although there were reports that he had fled to work for the Stroessner regime in Paraguay , Pavelić 's whereabouts remained unknown until late 1959 , where it was learned that he had been granted asylum in Spain ." ]
[ "In Italy , ragù alla bolognese is often referred to simply as ragù .", "It is called Ragù alla bolognese in Italy ." ]
[ "The Los Angeles River 's official beginning is at the confluence of two channelized streams - Bell Creek and Arroyo Calabasas - in the Canoga Park section of the city of Los Angeles , just east of California State Route 27 , at 34 ° 11 ′ 43 ″ N 118 ° 36 ′ 07 ″ W \\ / 34.1952 ° N 118.601838 ° W \\ / 34.1952 ; -118.601838 .", "Bell Creek and Calabasas Wash ( Arroyo Calabasas or Calabasas Creek ; Calabasa is Spanish for `` pumpkin '' ) flow from opposite sides of the valley to a point ( 34 ° 11 ′ 43 ″ N 118 ° 36 ′ 07 ″ W \\ / 34.1952 ° N 118.601838 ° W \\ / 34.1952 ; -118.601838 ) where the Los Angeles River officially begins ." ]
[ "Before the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct , the river was the primary source of fresh water for the city .", "With the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913 , the Los Angeles River was no longer needed as a water source ." ]
[ "It now flows through a concrete channel on a fixed course .", "Today , the Los Angeles River runs in a fixed course through a concrete channel for nearly its whole length ." ]
[ "Bell Creek flows east from the Simi Hills , and Arroyo Calabasas flows north from the Santa Monica Mountains .", "The Santa Monica Mountains and smaller Simi Hills border it on the east side ." ]
[ "Cruz situates in the Northern part of Davao del Sur .", "The town is in the northern part of Davao del Sur ." ]
[ "After undergoing several political subdivisions , 27,960 hectares of land was left representing 6.7 % of the total land area of Davao del Sur .", "The municipality covers 6.7 % of the total land area of Davao del Sur ." ]
[ "Cruz is a 1st class municipality in the province of Davao del Sur , Philippines .", "It is part of the province of Davao del Sur , on the island of Mindanao ." ]
[ "One of the municipalities which broke off from the town , Digos , became the capital town of the newly created Davao del Sur province in 1967 ; thirty-three years later it would become a city and will be the most populous in the entire province , excluding Davao City .", "It is south of Davao City , the capital of the province ." ]
[ "The most common sources of animal protein are chicken , chicken eggs and fresh water fish .", "The most common sources of protein are chicken , chicken eggs and fresh water fish ." ]
[ "Typical of West African cuisine , Burkina Faso 's cuisine is based on staple foods of sorghum , millet , rice , maize , peanuts , potatoes , beans , yams and okra .", "The food of Burkina Faso , typical of west African cuisine , is based around staple foods of sorghum , millet , rice , maize , peanuts , potatoes , beans , yams and okra ." ]
[ "There is also a large artist community in Burkina Faso , especially in Ouagadougou .", "There is also a large artist community , especially in Ouagadougou ." ]
[ "It is surrounded by six countries : Mali to the north ; Niger to the east ; Benin to the southeast ; Togo and Ghana to the south ; and Ivory Coast to the southwest .", "It is next to Mali , Niger , Benin , Togo , Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire ." ]
[ "Its capital is Ouagadougou .", "The capital is Ouagadougou ." ]
[ "On 4 August 1984 , as a final result of President Sankara 's activities , the country 's name was eventually changed from Upper Volta to Burkina Faso .", "It used to be called Upper Volta and the name was changed to Burkina Faso in 1984 ." ]
[ "Soon after coming to power , Yaméogo banned all political parties other than the UDV .", "After he became the president , Yaméogo banned other political parties ." ]
[ "The northwestern part of today 's Burkina Faso was populated by hunter-gatherers between 14,000 and 5000 BC .", "People have lived in the area of Burkina Faso for thousands of years ." ]
[ "It was a very small town but it grew in importance and population when the railway from town to La Vega ( in La Vega province ) began to run across the rich region of the Cibao .", "It was a very small town but it grew in importance and population when the railway from town to La Vega ( in the La Vega province ) began to run across the rich region of the Cibao ." ]
[ "The port has lost its importance because when other ports in the country grew in importance , Sánchez lost its importance as a port .", "The port has lost its importance When other ports in the country grew in importance ." ]
[ "Sánchez , Dominican Republic is a Dominican municipality in the Samaná province , on the south coast of the peninsula of Samaná .", "Sánchez is a Dominican municipality in the Samaná province , on the south coast of the peninsula of Samaná ." ]
[ "And the Yuna River has been filling the Samana Bay with solid material and only small boats can get to the port .", "And the Yuna River has been filling the Samaná Bay with solid material and only small boats can get to the port ." ]
[ "They covered my body in fat to help it regenerate warmth , and wrapped it in felt as an insulator to keep warmth in . ''", "Beuys claimed that he had been saved by a nomadic tribe of Tartars who , sympathetic to the Germans after persecution by the Soviets , ` covered my body in fat to help it regenerate warmth , and wrapped it in felt as an insulator to keep warmth in ' ." ]
[ "The only major retrospective of Beuys work to be organised in Beuys 's lifetime opened at the Guggenheim Museum in New York in 1979 .", "Famous works are for example : In 1979 , a large retrospective of Beuys ' work at the Guggenheim Museum in New York City confirmed his reputation as one of the most important artists of his time ." ]
[ "The performance directly relates and even includes elements of the Fluxus movement that Beuys was a part of .", "In 1962 Beuys was member of the `` Fluxus movement '' ." ]
[ "On several occasions he visited the studio of the Flemish painter and sculptor Achilles Moortgat .", "He first saw modern art when visiting the studio of Achilles Moortgat ." ]
[ "English valedictions typically contain the possessive pronoun `` yours '' .", "English valedictions often contain the possessive pronoun `` yours '' ; for example , Yours truly ." ]
[ "`` Yours sincerely '' is a shorter form of the archaic `` I am yours sincerely '' , while similarly `` Yours faithfully '' is a contraction of `` I remain , Sir , your faithful and obedient servant '' `` Yours sincerely '' is typically employed in English when the recipient is addressed by name ( e.g. `` Dear John '' ) and is known to the sender to some degree , whereas `` Yours faithfully '' is used when the recipient is not addressed by name ( i.e. the recipient is addressed by a phrase such as `` Dear Sir\\/Madam '' ) or when the recipient is not known personally by the sender .", "Yours faithfully is used when the person who is receiving the letter is not known by name ( i.e. the recipient is addressed by a phrase such as `` Dear Sir\\/Madam '' ) ." ]
[ "A valediction ( derivation from Latin vale dicere , ` to say farewell ' ) , or complimentary close in American English , is an expression used to say farewell , especially a word or phrase used to end a letter or message , or the act of saying parting words whether brief or extensive .", "It comes from the Latin vale dicere , which means `` to say farewell '' ." ]
[ "`` Yours faithfully '' , `` Yours truly '' , or `` Yours sincerely '' ( or its American English variant , `` Sincerely yours '' ) .", "In the United Kingdom , Yours sincerely or Yours faithfully are most common ." ]
[ "Valedictions normally immediately precede the signature in written correspondence .", "Valedictions are normally written before the signature in a written message ." ]
[ "The word or words used express respect , esteem , or regard for the person to whom the correspondence is directed , and the exact form used depends on a number of factors - including : Conventions also change over time and differ according to language .", "The words used usually express respect or regard for the person to whom the message is written ." ]
[ "Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink .", "At first , the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink ." ]
[ "This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e. `` left wing '' or `` right wing . ''", "This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes ." ]
[ "Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area .", "Winger , in hockey , is a forward position of a player who is on either side of the center forward , often along the playing area ." ]
[ "Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners .", "Now , there are different types of wingers in the game : they either are mainly goal scorers , or help stop the other team from scoring ." ]
[ "Toots and the Maytals , originally called The Maytals , are a Jamaican musical group and one of the best known ska and rock steady vocal groups .", "Toots and the Maytals , originally called The Maytals , are a Jamaican musical group ." ]
[ "Formed in the early 1960s when ska was hot , the Maytals had a reputation for having strong , well-blended voices .", "They had a reputation for having strong , well-blended voices ." ]
[ "It comprises the states of Acre , Amapá , Amazonas , Pará , Rondônia , Roraima and Tocantins .", "This region is formed of seven states : Acre , Amapá , Amazonas , Pará , Rondônia , Roraima and Tocantins ." ]
[ "The North Region of Brazil ( Portuguese : Região Norte do Brasil ) is the largest Region of Brazil , corresponding to 45.27 % of the national territory .", "The North Region corresponds to 45.27 % of the national territory , the most of Brazilian regions ." ]
[ "Ethics may be divided into three major areas of study : Related fields are moral psychology and descriptive ethics .", "Ethics is part of other fields of study in many ways ." ]
[ "Van Beneden discovered how chromosomes combined at meiosis , during the production of gametes , and discovered and named chromatin .", "Van Beneden discovered how chromosomes combined at meiosis , during the production of gametes ." ]
[ "This idea , if true , rules out the inheritance of acquired characteristics as proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck .", "This idea , if true , rules out the inheritance of acquired characteristics as proposed by Lamarck ." ]
[ "Eduard Strasburger , Walther Flemming , Heinrich von Waldeyer and the Belgian Edouard Van Beneden laid the basis for the cytology and cytogenetics of the 20th century .", "Eduard Strasburger , Walther Flemming , and the Belgian Edouard Van Beneden laid the basis for the cytology and cytogenetics of the 20th century ." ]
[ "The effect is one-way : germ cells produce somatic cells and are not affected by anything the somatic cells learn or therefore any ability the body acquires during its life .", "The effect is one-way : germ cells produce somatic cells , and more germ cells ; the germ cells are not affected by anything the somatic cells learn or any ability the body acquires during its life ." ]
[ "His main contribution was the germ plasm theory , according to which ( in a multicellular organism ) inheritance only takes place by means of the germ cells-the gametes such as egg cells and sperm cells .", "Weismann advocated the germ plasm theory , according to which ( in a multicellular organism ) inheritance only takes place by means of the germ cells-the gametes such as egg cells and sperm cells ." ]
[ "Weismann was one of the first biologists to deny soft inheritance entirely .", "Weismann was one of the first biologists to deny the inheritance of acquired characters entirely ." ]
[ "Strasburger , the outstanding botanical physiologist of that century , coined the terms nucleoplasm and cytoplasm .", "Strasburger , the outstanding botanical physiologist of that century , coined the terms nucleus and cytoplasm ." ]
[ "Weismann 's work on the demarcation between germ-line and soma can scarcely be appreciated without considering the work of ( mostly ) German biologists during the second half of the 19th century .", "Weismann 's work on the demarkation between germ-line and soma can scarcely be appreciated without considering the work of ( mostly ) German biologists during the second half of the 19th century ." ]
[ "Friedrich Leopold August Weismann ( 17 January 1834 - 5 November 1914 ) was a German evolutionary biologist .", "Friedrich Leopold August Weismann ( Frankfurt am Main , 17 January , 1834 - Freiburg , 5 November , 1914 ) was a German evolutionary biologist ." ]
[ "Ernst Mayr judged him to be the most important evolutionary thinker between Darwin and the evolutionary synthesis around 1930-40 , and was `` one of the great biologists of all time '' .", "Ernst Mayr judged him to be `` one of the great biologists of all time '' ." ]
[ "If two angles of a triangle have measures equal to the measures of two angles of another triangle , then the triangles are similar .", "This is because triangles can be similar if only their angles are equal , or only their sides are proportional ." ]
[ "The combined power stations feature a chimney which is one of the taller structures in the UK , and six hyperbolic cooling towers , which can be seen from much of the surrounding landscape .", "The combined power stations feature a chimney which is one of the taller structures in the United Kingdom , and six hyperbolic cooling towers , which can be seen from much of the surrounding area ." ]
[ "They are situated immediately adjoining one another in the civil parish of Sutton Courtenay , next to the town of Didcot in Oxfordshire ( formerly in Berkshire ) , in the UK .", "They are right next to one another in the civil parish of Sutton Courtenay , next to the town of Didcot in Oxfordshire ( formerly in Berkshire ) , in the UK ." ]
[ "European miners drove Chinese off the diggings at Rocky River in New England ( Australia ) in 1856 .", "European miners forced the Chinese off the diggings at Rocky River in New England in 1856 ." ]
[ "At the end of the affair , Burrangong was quiet and the Chinese were still there .", "At the end of the year , Burrangong was quiet and the Chinese were still there ." ]
[ "They occurred on the goldfields at Spring Creek , Stoney Creek , Back Creek , Wombat , Blackguard Gully , Tipperary Gully , and Lambing Flat ( now Young , New South Wales ) , in 1860-1861 .", "It was part of the Burrangong goldfields which also included Spring Creek , Stoney Creek , Back Creek , Wombat , Blackguard Gully , and Tipperary Gully ." ]
[ "Then in 1860 the Chinese and British governments signed the Convention of Peking , a diplomatic agreement that subjects of the Chinese and British Empires would have reciprocal rights under their respective countries ' laws .", "In 1860 the Chinese and British governments signed the Convention of Peking ." ]
[ "A new Chinese Immigration Regulation Bill was being drafted for debate in Parliament while the first gold miners were arriving at Burrangong .", "A new law , the Chinese Immigration Regulation Bill , was being talked about in Parliament when the first gold miners were getting to Burrangong ." ]
[ "Disputes between European and Chinese miners flared into brawls at Daylesford and Castlemaine .", "There were fights between European and Chinese miners at Daylesford and Castlemaine ." ]
[ "The most notorious of these incidents , and the one which has generated more folklore than any other , was the so-called Lambing Flat Riot , actually a drawn-out series of incidents on the Burrangong Goldfield in New South Wales between November 1860 and September 1861 .", "This was just one of a number of riots on the Burrangong goldfields between November 1860 and September 1861 ." ]
[ "There were two triggers for the violence : in Sydney the Legislative Council rejected the anti-Chinese bill , and a false rumor swept the goldfield that a new group of 1,500 Chinese were on the road to Burrangong .", "The story said that a new group of 1,500 Chinese were on the road to Burrangong ." ]
[ "Trouble began late in 1860 with the formation of a Miners Protective League , followed by roll-ups ( mass meetings ) of European diggers evicting Chinese miners from sections of the field .", "Trouble began in 1860 with the starting of the Miners Protective League ." ]
[ "Several place names are sometimes used interchangeably when describing these events .", "Several place names are sometimes used hi when talking about these events ." ]
[ "A banner from the period , painted on a tent-flap in 1861 , is now on display at the Lambing Flat museum in Young , New South Wales .", "Lambing Flat was the name of a gold field in New South Wales , Australia ." ]
[ "A party of Chinese en route to the Victorian diggings from Robe discovered a new goldfield at Ararat , and were driven off their find by Europeans .", "A group of Chinese on their way to the Victorian goldfields found gold at Ararat ." ]
[ "The first anti-Chinese demonstration occurred in Bendigo in July 1854 .", "The first public display of anti-Chinese feelings took place in Bendigo in July 1854 ." ]
[ "Serious confrontations followed at Adelong in 1857 and Tambaroora in 1858 .", "Serious fights took place Adelong in 1857 and Tambaroora in 1858 ." ]
[ "Rollback is a feature of the MediaWiki software that runs Wikipedia .", "The rollback feature is a part of the MediaWiki software ." ]
[ "To request rollback rights , ask at Wikipedia : Requests for permissions\\/Rollback or ask one of the administrators listed here .", "You may ask for rollback at Wikipedia : Requests for rollback or on an administrator 's talk page ." ]
[ "It is also possible to use rollback with an explanatory edit summary ( instead of the default or standard generic edit summary ) .", "The rollback tool has an edit summary that is given by default ." ]
[ "Grover , also known as Grover Monster , is a Muppet character on the popular television show Sesame Street .", "Grover is a Muppet character on the popular television show Sesame Street ." ]
[ "Grover was originally performed by Frank Oz from his earliest appearances until 2001 .", "Grover was first performed by Frank Oz ." ]
[ "Eric Jacobson began performing Grover in 1998 ; he has performed the character regularly since 2002 , although Oz still performs him occasionally .", "Eric Jacobson began performing Grover in 1998 ." ]
[ "Self-described as lovable , cute and furry , he is a monster who almost never uses contractions when speaking or singing .", "He is a monster who almost never uses contractions when speaking or singing ." ]
[ "In 1930 he was elected to the national legislature , the Reichstag .", "In 1930 , he was elected to the national legislature , the Reichstag ." ]
[ "He was arrested again in late 1944 , and he was in Neuengamme concentration camp when the British arrived in April 1945 .", "He was arrested again in 1944 and stayed in the concentration camps until the British set them free in April 1945 ." ]
[ "Schumacher was arrested in July and was severely beaten in prison .", "He was beaten badly in prison ." ]
[ "Kurt Schumacher was born in Kulm in West Prussia ( now Chełmno in Poland ) , the son of a small businessman , member of the liberal German Free-minded Party and deputy in the municipal assembly .", "Dr. Kurt Schumacher ( born 13 October 1895 in Kulm , West Prussia ( now Chełmno in Poland ) - died 20 August 1952 in Bonn ) was a German politician ." ]
[ "The Öresund or Øresund Bridge ( Danish : Øresundsbroen , Swedish : Öresundsbron , joint hybrid name : Øresundsbron ) is a double-track railway and dual carriageway bridge-tunnel across the Øresund strait between Scania ( southernmost Sweden ) and Denmark .", "The Øresund Bridge ( Danish : Øresundsbroen , Swedish : Öresundsbron , joint hybrid name : Øresundsbron ) is a bridge and tunnel across the Øresund strait ." ]
[ "Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden met midway across the bridge-tunnel on 14 August 1999 to celebrate its completion .", "When it was finished in 1999 , Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden met in the middle ." ]
[ "Its official dedication took place on 1 July 2000 , with Queen Margrethe II , and King Carl XVI Gustaf as the host and hostess of the ceremony .", "Queen Margrethe II and King Carl XVI Gustaf led the ceremonies together ." ]
[ "The district is bounded by the Indian Kashmir in the east , and by Mirpur District in the south and Rawalakot to its north .", "The district is bounded by the Indian part of Kashmir in the east , and by Mirpur District in the south and Rawalakot to its north ." ]
[ "Kotli District ( Urdu : ضلع کوٹلی ) is one of the ten districts of Azad Kashmir , Pakistan .", "Kotli ( Urdu : ضلع کوٹلی ) is one of the eight districts of Azad Kashmir , Pakistan ." ]
[ "The district is divided into Five tehsils ( sub-divisions : District Kotli has five seats ( Constituencies ) in Azad Kashmir assembly , The district covers a total area of 1862 square kilometres .", "The district is divided into three tehsils ( sub-divisions ) The district covers a total area of 1862 square kilometres ." ]
[ "Kotli the chief town of the district , was originally a minor town between Mirpur and Muzaffarabad , but has recently seen major growth .", "Kotli used to be a small town between Mirpur and Muzaffarabad , but has recently grown in size ." ]
[ "சிங்கப்பூர் குடிமக்களாகிய நாம் , இனம் , மொழி , மதம் ஆகிய வேற்றுமைகளை மறந்து , ஒன்றுபட்டு , நம் நாடு மகிழ்ச்சி , வளம் , முன்னேற்றம் ஆகியவற்றை அடையும் வண்ணம் சமத்துவத்தையும் , நீதியையும் அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்ட ஜனநாயக சமுதாயத்தை உருவாக்குவதற்கு உறுதி மேற்கொள்வோம் .", "சிங்கப்பூர் குடிமக்களாகிய நாம் இனம் , மொழி , மதம் ஆகிய வேற்றுமைகளை மறந்து ஒன்றுபட்டு , நம் நாடு மகிழ்ச்சி , வளம் , முன்னேற்றம் ஆகியவற்றை அடையும் வண்ணம் சமத்துவத்தையும் , நீதியையும் அடிப்படையாக கொண்ட ஜனாயக சமுதாயத்தை உருவாக்குவதற்கு உறுதி மேற்கொள்வோம் !" ]
[ "The National Pledge was written by Sinnathamby Rajaratnam in 1966 shortly after Singapore 's independence .", "The Singapore 's National Pledge was written by Sinnathamby Rajaratnam in 1966 , not long after Singapore 's Independence ." ]