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[ "The National Pledge is : We , the citizens of Singapore , pledge ourselves as one united people , regardless of race , language or religion , to build a democratic society based on justice and equality so as to achieve happiness , prosperity and progress for our nation .", "These are the words of the pledge : We , the citizens of Singapore , pledge ourselves as one united people , regardless of race , language or religion , to build a democratic society based on justice and equality so as to achieve happiness , prosperity and progress for our nation ." ]
[ "The draft text was handed to the then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew , who polished the text before submitting it to the Cabinet .", "A draft was submitted to the then Prime minister Lee Kuan Yew , before he made it better and passed it to the Cabinet ." ]
[ "His father worked as a construction worker and a cotton farmer , while his mother was a homemaker .", "His father worked as a construction worker and a cotton farmer ." ]
[ "The day after Grisham completed A Time to Kill , he began work on his second novel , the story of an ambitious young attorney `` lured to an apparently perfect law firm that was not what it appeared . ''", "The day after Grisham finished A Time to Kill , he began work on another novel , the story of a young attorney lured to what seemed to be a perfect law firm ." ]
[ "The Firm remained on the The New York Times ' bestseller list for 47 weeks , and became the bestselling novel of 1991 .", "That second book , The Firm , became the bestselling novel of 1991 ." ]
[ "Musing over `` what would have happened if the girl 's father had murdered her assailants '' , Grisham took three years to complete his first book , A Time to Kill .", "In his spare time , Grisham began work on his first novel , which explored what would have happened if the girl 's father had murdered her attackers ." ]
[ "He graduated from Mississippi State University in 1977 , receiving a BS degree in accounting .", "In 1977 , Grisham received a degree from Mississippi State University ." ]
[ "It was released on November 18 , 1997 by Elektra Records .", "It was released in the United States on November 18 , 1997 by Elektra Records ." ]
[ "Reload is the seventh studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica .", "ReLoad is an album by Metallica ." ]
[ "It was the final Metallica studio album to feature bassist Jason Newsted , though it was not his last release with the band .", "It was the last studio album by Metallica with Jason Newsted playing bass ." ]
[ "The largest events in the sport are the Olympic Games , World Championships , European Championships , World Cup and Grand-Prix Series .", "The largest events in the sport are the Olympic Games , World Championships , and Grand-Prix Tournaments ." ]
[ "The victor is the participant who earns the most points , determined by a panel of judges , for leaps , balances , pirouettes ( pivots ) , apparatus handling , and execution .", "The victor is the participant who earns the most points , determined by a panel of judges , for leaps , balances , pirouettes , flexibilities , apparatus handling , execution , and artistic effect ." ]
[ "Rhythmic gymnastics is an activity in which individuals or teams of 5 manipulate one or two pieces of apparatus : clubs , hoop , ball , ribbon , rope and Free ( no apparatus ) .", "Rhythmic gymnastics ( short : RG ) is a sport in which individuals or teams of competitors ( generally five ) manipulate one or two apparatus : rope , hoop , ball , clubs , and ribbon ." ]
[ "Rhythmic gymnastics was added to the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , with an Individual All-Around competition .", "The first time rhythmic gymnastics was in the Olympics was in 1984 in Los Angeles ." ]
[ "An athlete can exchange apparatus with a team member at any time through the routine .", "In a group routine , gymnasts will exchange whatever equipment they are using with each other ." ]
[ "The Lord of the Rings trilogy is the highest-grossing motion picture trilogy , unadjusted for inflation .", "He is most widely known for directing the The Lord of the Rings film trilogy ." ]
[ "After acquiring Twombly 's Three Studies from the Temeraire ( 1998-99 ) , the Director of the Art Gallery of New South Wales said , `` sometimes people need a little bit of help in recognizing a great work of art that might be a bit unfamiliar '' .", "After acquiring Twombly 's Three Studies from the Temeraire ( 1998-99 ) , the Director of the Art Gallery of New South Wales said `` sometimes people need a little bit of help in recognizing a great work of art that might be a bit unfamiliar '' ." ]
[ "Twombly often quoted the poet Stéphane Mallarmé as well as many classical myths and allegories in his works .", "Twombly often quoted the poet Stéphane Mallarmé , as well as many classical myths and allegories in his works ." ]
[ "Twombly is said to have influenced younger artists such as Anselm Kiefer , Francesco Clemente , and Julian Schnabel .", "He is said to have influenced younger artists such as Anselm Kiefer , Francesco Clemente , and Julian Schnabel ." ]
[ "In a 1994 retrospective , curator Kirk Varnedoe described Twombly 's work as `` influential among artists , discomfiting to many critics and truculently difficult not just for a broad public , but for sophisticated initiates of postwar art as well . ''", "In a 1994 retrospective , curator Kirk Varnedoe described Twombly 's work as `` influential among artists , discomfiting to many critics and truculently difficult not just for a broad public , but for sophisticated initiates of postwar art as well '' ." ]
[ "Many of his later paintings and works on paper shifted toward `` romantic symbolism '' , and their titles can be interpreted visually through shapes and forms and words .", "Later , many of his paintings and works on paper moved into `` romantic symbolism '' , and their titles can be interpreted visually through shapes and forms and words ." ]
[ "Edwin Parker `` Cy '' Twombly , Jr. ( \\ / saɪ ˈtwɒmbli \\ / ; April 25 , 1928 - July 5 , 2011 ) was an American painter of large-scale , freely scribbled , calligraphic and graffiti-like works on solid fields of mostly gray , tan , or off-white colors .", "Edwin Parker `` Cy '' Twombly , Jr. ( April 25 , 1928 - July 5 , 2011 ) was an American artist ." ]
[ "Phelps has been McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University since 1982 .", "Phelps has been the McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University since 1982 ." ]
[ "In 1990 Phelps took part in a mission from the then-forming EBRD to Moscow , where he and Kenneth Arrow designed a proposal for the reform of the USSR .", "In 1990 Phelps took part in a mission from the EBRD to Moscow , where he and Kenneth Arrow worked on the reform of the USSR ." ]
[ "As part of this research , in 1961 Phelps published a famous paper on the Golden Rule savings rate , one of his major contributions to economic science .", "As part of this research , Phelps published in 1961 a famous paper on the golden rule savings rate , one of his most important works for economic science ." ]
[ "In 1966 , Phelps left Yale and moved to University of Pennsylvania , where he was offered a tenured position as professor of economics .", "In 1966 , Phelps left Yale and moved to University of Pennsylvania , where he was offered a permanent job as professor of economics ." ]
[ "In 1982 Phelps was appointed the McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia .", "In 1982 Phelps was made the McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia ." ]
[ "During the academic year 1962-63 Phelps visited MIT , where he was in contact with future Nobel prize winners Paul Samuelson , Robert Solow and Franco Modigliani .", "Also , during the academic year of 1962-63 Phelps visited MIT , where he met with Nobel prize winners Paul Samuelson , Robert Solow and Franco Modigliani ." ]
[ "Phelps spent the year 1969-1970 at the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science at Stanford University .", "In the year 1969-1970 Professor Phelps worked for the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science at Stanford University ." ]
[ "As a result , in 1972 he published seminal research in the new field he named statistical discrimination .", "In 1972 he published research he named `` statistical discrimination '' ." ]
[ "Phelps also collaborated closely with Luigi Paganetto at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and , between 1988-98 , as co-organizers of the Villa Mondragone International Seminar .", "Phelps also worked with Luigi Paganetto at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and , between 1988-98 , they held the Villa Mondragone International Seminar ." ]
[ "In 1951 , he went to Amherst College for his undergraduate education .", "In 1951 , he went to Amherst College as an undergraduate student ." ]
[ "At his father 's advice , Phelps enrolled in his first economics course in his second year at Amherst .", "At his fathers advice , Phelps took his first economics course in his second year at Amherst ." ]
[ "Phelps , with Calvo and John Taylor , started a program to rebuild Keynesian economics with rational expectations by employing sticky wages and prices .", "Phelps , with Calvo and John Taylor , started a program to rebuild Keynesian economics with new ideas about prices and wages being kept the same for certain time ." ]
[ "He quickly became aware of an important unsolved problem with the existing theory , and the existing gap between microeconomics and macroeconomics .", "He knew of important unsolved problems and had new ideas , such as the gap between microeconomics and macroeconomics ." ]
[ "He also published research on economic justice , applying ideas from Rawls ' book A Theory of Justice .", "He also published research on economic justice , using ideas from Rawls book `` A Theory of Justice '' ." ]
[ "So , the next year , in 1960 , he took a research position at the Cowles Foundation , while also teaching at Yale .", "He took a research job at the Cowles Foundation , and a teaching job at Yale ." ]
[ "The conference papers were published the next year in a book which had a strong and lasting influence , becoming known as the `` Phelps volume '' .", "The story of the meeting was published the next year in a book which was very important and is known as the `` Phelps volume '' ." ]
[ "During the early '80s he wrote an introductory textbook synthesizing the current economics knowledge .", "During the early '80s he wrote a textbook about economics knowledge ." ]
[ "During this period , along with the research on the Phillips curve , Phelps also collaborated with other economists on research regarding economic growth , the effects of monetary and fiscal policy and optimal population growth .", "During this time Phelps worked with other economists on research of economic growth , the effects of monetary and fiscal policy and best population growth ." ]
[ "Discussions with fellow Nobel prize winners Amartya Sen and Kenneth Arrow , and especially the influence of the philosophy of John Rawls , whom he met during the year at the Center , led Phelps to undertake some research outside macroeconomics .", "Meeting with Nobel prize winners Amartya Sen and Kenneth Arrow , and reading the work of John Rawls , whom he met during that year , gave Professor Phelps an interest to research outside of macroeconomics ." ]
[ "He also wrote papers dealing with other areas of economic theory , such as monetary economics or Ricardian equivalence and its relation to optimal growth .", "He also wrote papers about other economic theories , such as monetary economics ( Ricardian equivalence ) and its importance when producing the best economic growth ." ]
[ "During the '70s , Phelps and Calvo also collaborated on research regarding optimal contracts under asymmetric information .", "During the '70s , Phelps and Calvo worked on research for making contracts using asymmetric information ." ]
[ "There he published research on the inflation tax and the impact of fiscal policy on optimal inflation .", "Professor Phelps published research on the inflation tax and the effects of fiscal policy on inflation ." ]
[ "Economist James Nelson gave the course , which was based on the famous textbook Economics by Paul Samuelson .", "His economics teacher was James Nelson and his studies were based on a famous textbook by Paul Samuelson ." ]
[ "He became interested in the puzzle of the persistent high unemployment in Europe despite no let-up in inflation and published on this subject with Jean-Paul Fitoussi ( the director of OFCE ) .", "He became interested in the continuing high unemployment in Europe and published some work about it with Jean-Paul Fitoussi ( the director of OFCE ) ." ]
[ "Early in his career he became renowned for his research at Yale 's Cowles Foundation in the first half of the 1960s on the sources of economic growth .", "He is best known for his work on economic growth at Yale University 's Cowles Foundation in the 1960s ." ]
[ "During the next years , Phelps tried to build a theory to determine endogenously the natural rate of unemployment .", "During the next years , Professor Phelps worked to calculate the natural rate of unemployment ." ]
[ "In 1972 , Phelps published a new book which focused on the derivation of policy implications of his new theory .", "In 1972 , Phelps published a book about his new theory ." ]
[ "Edmund Strother Phelps , Jr. ( born July 26 , 1933 ) is an American economist and the winner of the 2006 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences .", "Edmund Strother `` Ned '' Phelps , Jr. is an American economist ." ]
[ "He was able to collaborate with other top economists working on growth theory , including David Cass and fellow Nobelist Tjalling Koopmans .", "Work at the Cowles Foundation gave Phelps the chance to meet with other important economists who were working on growth theory , such as David Cass and Nobel Prize winner Tjalling Koopmans ." ]
[ "While at Penn , Phelps ' research focused mainly on the link between employment , wage setting and inflation , leading to his influential 1968 paper `` Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor Market Equilibrium '' .", "While at Pennsylvania , most of Phelps ' research was on the links between employment , wages and inflation ." ]
[ "In 1971 , Phelps moved to the Economics Department at Columbia University , which also included future Nobel prize winners William Vickrey and James J. Heckman ( future laureate Robert Mundell joined three years later ) , as well as Phoebus Dhrymes , Guillermo Calvo and John B. Taylor .", "Nobel Prize winner Robert Mundell joined three years later , as well as Phoebus Dhrymes , Guillermo Calvo and John B. Taylor ." ]
[ "In January 1969 , Phelps organized a conference at Penn in support of the research on the micro-foundations of inflation and employment determination .", "In January 1969 , Phelps held a meeting at Pennsylvania University to support the research on inflation and employment ." ]
[ "While at the Cowles Foundation , his research focused mainly on neo-classical growth theory , following the seminal work of Solow .", "At the Cowles Foundation , his research was mainly on future prices and wages , following the work of Robert Solow ." ]
[ "` In the 1980s Phelps increased collaboration with European universities and institutions , including Banca d'Italia ( where he spent most of his 1985-86 sabbatical and Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Économiques ( OFCE ) .", "In the 1980s Professor Phelps worked with European universities and institutions , such as Banca d'Italia ( most of his 1985-86 holidays were spent in Italy ) and Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Économiques ( OFCE ) ." ]
[ "While at Yale he studied under future Nobel prize winners James Tobin and Thomas Schelling , among others .", "There , his professors were some of the greatest economists , such as Nobel prize winners James Tobin and Thomas Schelling , and he studied with Arthur Okun ." ]
[ "The book , Political Economy , was published in 1985 , but had limited classroom adoption .", "The book , Political Economy , was published in 1985 , but was not used in a lot of schools ." ]
[ "However , feeling he could not pursue macroeconomics ( his main research interest ) at RAND ( which focused on defense work ) , Phelps decided to return to the academic world .", "His main interest was macroeconomics , but RAND focused on defense work so Phelps decided to return to the his studies the next year , 1960 ." ]
[ "It also introduced the concept of the natural rate of unemployment and argued that labor market equilibrium is independent of the rate of inflation , thus there is no long run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation .", "It was the first idea of the natural rate of unemployment and said that inflation rates did not affect labor market ." ]
[ "Their results suggested that rational expectations are not the correct way to model agents ' expectations .", "They worked on rational expectations and showed problems in it ." ]
[ "Phelps was born in Evanston , Illinois , and moved with his family to Hastings-on-Hudson , New York when he was six years old , where he spent his school years .", "He was born on July 26 , 1933 in Evanston , Illinois ." ]
[ "Phelps was also strongly influenced by William Fellner and Henry Wallich , whose courses emphasized the expectations of agents .", "William Fellner and Henry Wallich were very important in his study courses ." ]
[ "The US Army unit was mostly made up of Americans of Japanese descent from Hawaii and the mainland .", "This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland ." ]
[ "In the 1990s , there was a review of US military service records of Americans of Asian descent who received the DSC during World War II .", "In the 1990s , there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II ." ]
[ "Sakato was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) for extraordinary heroism on October 29 , 1944 in France .", "For his actions in October 1944 , Sakato was awarded the Army 's second-highest decoration , the Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) ." ]
[ "He was a Nisei , which means that he was a second generation born American citizen of Japanese descent .", "He was a Nisei , which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American ." ]
[ "George Taro `` Joe '' Sakato ( born February 19 , 1921 ) is an American and former combat soldier of World War II who received the Medal of Honor , the nation 's highest military award for valor .", "George Taro Sakato ( born February 19 , 1921 ) was a United States Army soldier ." ]
[ "President Bill Clinton presented Sakato the Medal of Honor during a ceremony at the White House on June 21 , 2000 .", "In a ceremony at the White House on June 21 , 2000 , he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton ." ]
[ "Lovecraft was born in Providence , Rhode Island , where he spent most of his life .", "Lovecraft was born in Providence , Rhode Island ." ]
[ "Howard Phillips `` H. P. '' Lovecraft ( August 20 , 1890 - March 15 , 1937 ) was an American author who achieved posthumous fame through his influential works of horror fiction .", "Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20 , 1890 - March 15 , 1937 ) was an American author of fantasy , horror and science fiction ." ]
[ "When Hitler ordered the invasion of Poland in September 1939 , Kellner began his secret diary to record the crimes of the Third Reich .", "When Hitler ordered the invasion of Poland in September 1939 , Kellner began his secret diary ." ]
[ "`` The whole world let themselves be fooled by this man , '' he wrote on May 3 , 1942 . ''", "`` The whole world let themselves be fooled by this man , '' Kellner wrote on May 3 , 1942 ." ]
[ "In 1968 Kellner gave the diary to his American grandson , Robert Scott Kellner , to translate into English and to bring it to the attention of the public .", "In 1968 , he gave his diary to his American grandson , Professor Robert Scott Kellner , to take to America for safekeeping ." ]
[ "Friedrich Kellner was a justice inspector in the courthouse in Mainz between 1903 and 1933 .", "The author , August Friedrich Kellner , was a justice inspector in the courthouse in Mainz ." ]
[ "The diary , which Kellner titled Mein Widerstand , meaning My Opposition , is divided into ten volumes , with a total of 861 pages .", "He named his diary `` Mein Widerstand , '' which means `` My Opposition . ''" ]
[ "He dedicated himself to reestablishing the Social Democratic Party , and he became chairman of the Laubach branch .", "He became chairman of the Laubach branch ." ]
[ "Purgatory , according to Catholic Church doctrine , is an intermediary state after physical death in which those destined for heaven `` undergo purification , so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven '' .", "According to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church , Purgatory is the `` final purification of the elect '' : `` All who die in God 's grace and friendship , but still imperfectly purified , are indeed assured of their eternal salvation ; but after death they undergo purification , so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven . '' ''" ]
[ "Roman Wallner ( born 4 February 1982 in Graz , Styria ) is an Austrian footballer currently playing for FC Wacker Innsbruck .", "Roman Wallner ( born 4 February 1982 in Graz , Styria ) is an Austrian footballer ." ]
[ "He made his debut for Austria in an April 2001 World Cup qualification match against Liechtenstein .", "He started his career in 2001 in the World Cup qualification match versus Liechtenstein ." ]
[ "Nc3 Nc6 6 .", "Nc3 Nc6 3 ." ]
[ "e4 c5 continue with 2 .", "e4 c5 2 ." ]
[ "The Sicilian Defense is a chess opening that begins with the moves : 1 .", "The Sicilian Defense is a chess opening , which starts with these moves : In competitive chess , it is by far the most frequently played reply to the King 's Pawn opening ( 1 ." ]
[ "This latter speculation is based on the fact that most of the examples have been found in Gallo-Roman sites .", "This speculation is based on the fact that most of the examples have been found in Gallo-Roman sites ." ]
[ "The function or use of the dodecahedra is unknown ; no mention of them has been found in contemporary accounts or pictures of the time .", "The function or use of the dodecahedra remains a mystery ; no mention of them has been found in texts or pictures of the time ." ]
[ "A Roman dodecahedron is a small hollow object made of bronze or stone , with a dodecahedral shape : twelve flat pentagonal faces , each having a circular hole in the middle which connects to the hollowed-out center .", "They are hollow , and each of the twelve pentangular faces has a hole in it ." ]
[ "The Sci-Fi Channel premiered its new Flash Gordon series in the United States on August 10 , 2007 .", "A new Flash Gordon TV show premieres on the Sci Fi Channel in August 2007 ." ]
[ "Flash Gordon is the hero of a science fiction adventure comic strip originally drawn by Alex Raymond .", "Flash Gordon is a science fiction adventure story that began as a comic strip in 1934 ." ]
[ "Its administrative center is the rural locality ( a selo ) of Krymzaraykino .", "Its administrative center is the locality ( a selo ) of Krymzaraykino ." ]
[ "In 2002 , it was expanded to include social affairs and renamed `` Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security '' ( Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung ) .", "In 2002 it took over control of Social Security , but the in Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security ( German : Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung ) only lasted for three years ." ]
[ "The Federal Ministry of Health ( German : Bundesministerium für Gesundheit ) , abbreviated BMG , is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany .", "The Federal Ministry of Health ( BMG ) is a Ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany ." ]
[ "In 2005 it was again reduced to health , and responsibility for social affairs was moved to the Federal Ministry of Labor and Social affairs ( Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales ) .", "In 2005 it was reduced to just health , and the Social security part of its work went to the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs ( German : Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales ) Some of the jobs of the federal Ministry of Health are : The BMG oversees :" ]
[ "Its headquarters are located in Bonn with a second major office in Berlin .", "The ministry 's headquarters are still in Bonn and the second office is in Berlin ." ]
[ "The Federal Ministry of Health was founded in 1961 ; in 1969 it was merged with the Federal Ministry for Family and Youth to create the new Federal Ministry for Youth , Family and Health .", "Between 1969 and 1991 it was part of the Federal Ministry of Youth , Family , and Health or Youth , Family , Women and Health It became independent again as the Federal Ministry of Health in 1991 ." ]
[ "Recent discoveries '' ( emphasize ) how gray the dividing line is between birds and ( non-avian ) dinosaurs '' , says Paul Barrett of the Natural History Museum in London .", "Recent discoveries '' ( emphasize ) how gray the dividing line is between birds and ( non-avian ) dinosaurs '' , says Paul Barrett of the Natural History Museum , in London ." ]
[ "Aurornis lived roughly 160 million years ago , roughly 10 million years prior to Archaeopteryx , which often has been described as the first bird .", "Aurornis lived roughly 160 million years ago , roughly 10 million years before Archaeopteryx , which often has been described as the first bird ." ]
[ "The failure to secure rigorous provenance information casts doubt on the claim that Aurornis is 160 million years old and predates Archaeopteryx .", "The failure to secure rigorous provenance casts doubt on the claim that Aurornis is 160 million years old and predates Archaeopteryx ." ]
[ "Subsequent analysis confirmed it came from the Tiaojishan Formation , which has been dated to the late Jurassic period ( Oxfordian stage ) , approximately 160 million years ago .", "At first , analysis confirmed it came from the Tiaojishan Formation , which has been dated to the late Jurassic period , about 160 million years ago ." ]
[ "Godefroit 's team will attempt to confirm the specimen ' 's provenance , and its age , by conducting mineralogical and botanical analysis on the shale slab and then publishing their findings .", "Godefroit 's team will try to confirm the specimen ' 's age by mineralogical and botanical analysis on the shale slab ." ]
[ "It was only partially prepared at the time of purchase with the feathers not showing , and bore no signs of forgery .", "It was only partly prepared at the time of purchase ; the feathers were not showing , and the fossil bore no signs of forgery ." ]