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[ "On 7th June 2013 , however , Science Magazine published an article which noted that Pascal Godefroit , the paleontologist who led the team that described Aurornis , reported that he is uncertain if the fossil material came from Liaoning province ' 's 160-million-year-old Tiaojishan Formation , as the information provided by the fossil dealer indicated , or from the province ' 's 125-million-year-old Yixian Formation , which is known to have produced several ancient bird fossils .", "On 7th June 2013 Science ( journal ) said that Pascal Godefroit , the paleontologist who led the team that described Aurornis , is uncertain if the fossil material came from Liaoning province ' 's 160-million-year-old Tiaojishan Formation as claimed by the fossil dealer ." ]
[ "The fossil evidence for the animal pre-dates that of the famous Archaeopteryx lithographica , often considered the earliest bird species , by about 10 million years .", "The animal may predate the famous Archaeopteryx lithographica , the earliest bird , by about 10 million years ." ]
[ "Aurornis xui may be the most basal ( `` primitive '' ) avialan dinosaurs known to date , and it is one of the earliest avialan found to date .", "Aurornis xui may be the most basal ( `` primitive '' ) bird species known to date ." ]
[ "Jewelers often refer to their craft as metalsmithing , and many universities offer degree programs in metalsmithing , jewelry , enameling and blacksmithing under the auspices of their fine arts programs .", "Jewelers often refer to their craft as metalsmithing , and many universities offer degree programs in metalsmithing , jewelry and blacksmithing as part of their fine arts programs ." ]
[ "Types of smiths include : The ancient traditional tool of the smith is a forge or smithy , which is a furnace designed to allow compressed air ( through a bellows ) to superheat the inside , allowing for efficient melting , soldering and annealing of metals .", "Types of smiths include : The ancient traditional tool of the smith is a forge or smithy , which is a fire which allows compressed air ( through a bellows ) to heat the inside until it is hot enough for metal to melt so that it can be made into the shape that is required ." ]
[ "In this case , the resting potential of this cell would be the same as the equilibrium potential for potassium .", "The resting potential of a cell is the membrane potential that would be maintained if there were no action potentials , synaptic potentials , or other active changes in the membrane potential ." ]
[ "The terms , `` intrinsic incubation period '' and `` extrinsic incubation period '' are used in vector-borne diseases .", "This lag time is called the incubation period ." ]
[ "Popular lines often have figures available exclusively through mail-in offers and comic conventions , which raises their value significantly .", "Popular lines often have figures available exclusively through mail-in offers and comic conventions like comic con , which raises their value significantly ." ]
[ "Adult-oriented figure lines are often exclusive to specific chain stores rather than mass retail .", "Adult-action figure lines are often exclusive to specific chain stores rather than mass retail ." ]
[ "Comic book firms are also able to get figures of their characters produced , regardless of whether or not they appeared in movies or animated cartoons .", "Comic book are also able to get figures of their characters produced , regardless of whether or not they appeared in movies or animated cartoons ." ]
[ "These are commonly intended as statuesque display pieces rather than toys ; however , child-oriented lines such as the Masters of the Universe revival and Justice League Unlimited still evoke adult collector followings as well .", "These are commonly intended as display pieces rather than toys ; however , child-oriented lines such as the Masters of the Universe revival and Justice League Unlimited still get adult collector followings as well ." ]
[ "Said companies have given numerous movie characters , musicians , and athletes their very first highly detailed figures .", "Today , the adult collector market for action figures is expanding with companies like McFarlane Toys , Palisades , and NECA.Com panies have given numerous movie characters , musicians , and athletes their very first highly detailed figures ." ]
[ "An action figure is a poseable character figurine , made of plastic or other materials , and often based upon characters from a film , comic book , video game , or television program .", "They are often based on characters from a movie , comic book , video game , or television program ." ]
[ "G.I. Joe was initially a military-themed 11.5-inch figure proposed by marketing and toy idea-man Stan Weston .", "This toy was G.I. Joe created by Stan Weston ." ]
[ "The action figure is then placed on the card and a bubble made of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and glued to the card or attached in some other fashion .", "Action figures are usually made of plastic ." ]
[ "Todd visited Grover Whalen , president of the 1939 New York World 's Fair , with a proposal to bring the Broadway show to the Fair .", "Todd visited Grover Whalen , president of the 1939 New York World 's Fair , with a proposal to bring the Broadway show to the World 's Fair ." ]
[ "Todd was born Avrom Hirsch Goldbogen in Minneapolis , Minnesota , to Chaim Goldbogen ( an Orthodox rabbi ) and Sophia Hellerman , both of whom were Polish Jewish immigrants .", "Todd was born Avrom Hirsch Goldbogen in Minneapolis , Minnesota , to Chaim Goldbogen ( an Orthodox rabbi ) and Sophia Hellerman , both Polish Jewish immigrants ." ]
[ "He opened the College of Bricklaying of America , buying the materials to teach bricklaying on credit .", "He opened the so-called College of Bricklaying of America , buying the materials to teach bricklaying on credit ." ]
[ "The act attracted enough attention to bring an offer from the Casino de Paris nightclub in New York City .", "The act attracted enough attention to bring an offer from the Casino de Paris club in New York City ." ]
[ "Todd 's Broadway success gave him the nerve to try taking on showman Billy Rose .", "His Broadway success gave him the nerve to try taking on showman Billy Rose ." ]
[ "When the drugstore went out of business , Todd had acquired enough medical knowledge from his work there to be hired at Chicago 's Michael Reese Hospital as a type of `` security guard '' to stop visitors from bringing in food that was not on the patient 's diet .", "When that drugstore went out of business , Todd had learned enough medical knowledge from his work there to be hired at Chicago 's Michael Reese Hospital , as a type of `` security guard '' to stop visitors from bringing in food that was not on each patient 's diet ." ]
[ "In 1952 , Todd made a production of the Johann Strauss II operetta A Night in Venice , complete with floating gondolas at the then-newly constructed Jones Beach Theatre in Long Island , New York .", "In 1952 , Todd made a production of the Johann Strauss II operetta , A Night In Venice , complete with floating gondolas at the then-newly constructed Jones Beach Theatre in Long Island , New York ." ]
[ "The company was created to exploit Cinerama , a widescreen film process created by Waller that used three film projectors to create a giant composite image on a curved screen .", "The company was created to exploit Cinerama , a movie process created by Waller that used three movie projectors to create a giant composite image on a curved screen ." ]
[ "Todd soon produced the film for which he is best remembered , Michael Todd 's Around the World in 80 Days , which debuted in cinemas on October 17 , 1956 .", "Todd later produced the movie for which he is best remembered , Michael Todd 's Around the World in 80 Days , which debuted in cinemas on October 17 , 1956 ." ]
[ "He was one of nine children in a poor family , the youngest son , and his siblings nicknamed him `` Toat '' to mimic his difficulty pronouncing the word `` coat . ''", "He was one of nine children in a poor family , the youngest son , and his siblings nicknamed him `` Toat '' to mimic his difficulty saying the word `` coat '' ." ]
[ "In 1950 , Mike Todd formed Cinerama with the broadcaster Lowell Thomas ( who founded Capital Cities Communications ) and the inventor Fred Waller .", "In 1950 , Mike Todd formed The Cinerama Company with the broadcaster Lowell Thomas ( who founded Capital Cities Communications ) and the inventor Fred Waller ." ]
[ "The process was first used commercially for the successful film adaptation of Oklahoma !", "The process was first used commercially for the successful 1955 movie adaptation of Oklahoma !" ]
[ "Todd 's subsequent business career was volatile , and failed ventures left him bankrupt many times .", "Todd 's business career was volatile , and failed ventures left him bankrupt many times ." ]
[ "Todd got his first taste of Broadway with the engagement and was determined to find a way to work there .", "Todd got his first taste of Broadway life with that engagement and was determined to find a way to work there ." ]
[ "The school was forced to close when the Bricklayers ' Union did not view the college as an accepted place of study .", "The school was forced to shut its doors when the Bricklayers ' Union did not view the college as an accepted place of study ." ]
[ "Todd began his career in the construction business , where he made , and subsequently lost , a fortune .", "Todd began his career in the construction business , where he made a fortune but later lost it ." ]
[ "One of his first jobs was as a soda jerk .", "One of his first jobs was as a soda jerk at a drugstore ." ]
[ "In 1945 , Todd floated the idea of holding the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in newly liberated Berlin .", "In 1945 , Todd suggested the idea of holding the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in newly-liberated Berlin ( Germany ) ." ]
[ "During the 1933-1934 Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago , Todd produced an attraction called the `` Flame Dance . ''", "He later served as a contractor to Hollywood studios , and during the 1933-1934 Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago , he produced an attraction called the `` Flame Dance . ''" ]
[ "Michael `` Mike '' Todd ( June 22 , 1909 - March 22 , 1958 ) was an American theater and film producer , best known for his 1956 production of Around the World in 80 Days , which won an Academy Award for Best Picture .", "Michael Todd ( June 22 , 1909 - March 22 , 1958 ) , byname Mike Todd , was an American theater and movie producer ." ]
[ "Costing $ 6 million to produce ( equivalent to approximately $ 52,046,512 ) , the movie earned $ 16 million at the box office .", "Costing $ 6 million to produce , the movie earned $ 16 million at the box office ." ]
[ "He is known as the third of Elizabeth Taylor 's seven husbands and is the only one whom she did not divorce .", "Todd is also well known as the third of Elizabeth Taylor 's seven husbands ." ]
[ "Having married the former Bertha Freshman on February 14 , 1927 , he was the father of an infant son and had no home for his family .", "He was now the father of an infant son and had no home for his family ." ]
[ "It was from this that his name was derived .", "It was from this nickname that his name `` Todd '' was derived ( said in Germanic\\/Yiddish as `` Tote '' ) ." ]
[ "Rensselaer County is in the eastern part of New York State .", "Rensselaer County is in the eastern part of New York ." ]
[ "The highest point is Berlin Mountain , 2,818 feet ( 859 m ) above sea level , in the town of Berlin .", "The highest point is Berlin Mountain , which is 2,818 feet ( 859 m ) above sea level ." ]
[ "The lowest point is sea level at the Hudson .", "The lowest point is sea level at the Hudson River ." ]
[ "( It was part of the Dutch colony New Netherland ) .", "It was a part of New Netherland ." ]
[ "Its county seat is Troy .", "The county seat is Troy ." ]
[ "The county is named in honor of the family of Kiliaen van Rensselaer , the original Dutch owner of the land in the area .", "It is named for Kiliaen van Rensselaer , the Dutch person who owned the land in the area ." ]
[ "The eastern boundary of Rensselaer County runs along the New York-Vermont and New York-Massachusetts borders .", "The county 's eastern line runs along the New York-Vermont and New York-Massachusetts borders ." ]
[ "Rensselaer County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy , NY Metropolitan Statistical Area .", "Rensselaer County is a county in the U.S. state of New York ." ]
[ "Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar died in Santiago de Cuba in 1524 , a very bitter man .", "Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar died in Santiago de Cuba in 1524 ." ]
[ "He conquered and governed Cuba on behalf of Spain .", "He conquered and governed Cuba for Spain ." ]
[ "Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar ( 1465 , Cuéllar , Spain - ca .", "Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar ( 1465 - 1524 ) was a Spanish soldier and colonial administrator ( a Conquistador ) ." ]
[ "He first visited the New World with the crew of Christopher Columbus 's second voyage in 1493 .", "He came to America in the second voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1493 ." ]
[ "Shelton Jackson `` Spike '' Lee ( born March 20 , 1957 ) is an American film director , producer , writer , and actor .", "Spike Lee ( born March 20 , 1957 ) is an American movie director , producer , screenwriter , and actor ." ]
[ "When he was a child , the family moved to Brooklyn , New York .", "When Lee was very young , the family moved to live in Brooklyn , New York City ." ]
[ "Guided tours into the strictly protected areas of the park can be arranged on foot , bike or by horse-drawn carriage .", "Guided tours into the strictly controlled areas of the park can be arranged on foot or by horse-drawn carriage ." ]
[ "The popular village of Białowieża lies within the forest .", "The popular village of Białowieża is in the forest ." ]
[ "On the Polish side , part of the Białowieża Forest is protected as the Białowieża National Park ( Polish : Białowieski Park Narodowy ) , with general area of about 105 km2 ( 41 sq mi ) .", "On the Polish side , part of the Białowieża Forest is protected as the Białowieża National Park ( Białowieski Park Narodowy ) ." ]
[ "Białowieża means the White Tower in Old Polish , but also village on swamp or village of free people .", "Białowieża means the White Tower in Polish ." ]
[ "There is also a small museum , restaurant , snack bar and hotel facilities ( built during the Soviet era and currently in a state of disrepair ) .", "There is also a small museum , restaurant , snack bar and hotel ." ]
[ "There is also the Białowieża Glade ( Polish : Polana Białowieska ) , with a complex of buildings once owned by the tsars of Russia during the Partitions of Poland .", "There is also the Białowieża Glade ( Polana Białowieska ) ." ]
[ "The forest is home to 800 European bison , Europe 's heaviest land animal .", "The forest is home to 800 wisent , the continent 's heaviest land animals ." ]
[ "Since the border between the two countries runs through the forest , there is a border crossing available for hikers and cyclists .", "There is a border crossing for hikers and cyclists ." ]
[ "On the Belarusian side , the forest is protected as the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park with area 1,771 km2 ( 684 sq mi ) ; the core , strict protected , area covers 157 km2 ( 61 sq mi ) ; the buffer zone 714 km2 ( 276 sq mi ) ; and the transition zone 900 km2 ( 350 sq mi ) ; the National Park and World Heritage Site comprises 876 km2 ( 338 sq mi ) .", "The National Park and World Heritage Site are 876 km2 ( 338 sq mi ) ." ]
[ "Approximately 120,000 - 150,000 tourists visit the Polish part of the forest annually ( about 10,000 of them are from other countries ) .", "About 200,000 tourists visit the Polish part of the forest each year ." ]
[ "Among the group-offers are the birdwatching with local ornithologist , observations of bird rarities , Pygmy Owl obserwations , watching bison in their natural environment , and sledge as well as carriage rides , with a bonfire .", "Activities are : bird watching with local ornithologist , watching bisons in their natural environment , and sledge and carriage rides with a bonfire ." ]
[ "Due to the lack of facilities and little tourist stream in the country , few foreign tourists visit the Belarusian part .", "Because of the lack of facilities and having few tourists in the country , few foreign tourists visit the Belarusian Pushcha each year ." ]
[ "He was employed in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh , and later in the Horticultural Society of London 's garden at Chiswick .", "He was employed in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh , and later in the garden of Horticultural Society of London at Chiswick ." ]
[ "Robert Fortune ( 16 September 1812 - 13 April 1880 ) was a Scottish botanist , plant hunter and traveller , best known for introducing tea plants from China to India .", "Robert Fortune ( 16 September 1812 - 13 April 1880 ) was a Scottish plant expert , plant hunter and traveller best known for introducing tea plants from China to India ." ]
[ "Using these small greenhouses , Fortune introduced 20,000 tea plants and seedlings to the Darjeeling region of India .", "With these cases Fortune introduced 20,000 tea plants and seedlings to the Darjeeling region of India ." ]
[ "This rose , too , proved a failure in England , preferring warmer climates .", "This rose also proved a failure in England , preferring warmer climates ." ]
[ "With the exception of a few plants which survived in established Indian gardens , most of the Chinese tea plants Fortune introduced to India perished .", "Except for a few plants which survived in Indian gardens , most of the Chinese tea plants Fortune introduced to India died ." ]
[ "Fortune employed many different means to transport tea plants , seedlings , and other botanical discoveries , but he is most well known for his use of Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward 's portable Wardian cases to sustain the plants .", "Fortune employed many different means to transport tea plants , seedlings , and other botanical discoveries , but he is most well known for his use of cases like small greenhouses called Wardian cases ( as used by Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward ) to keep the plants alive ." ]
[ "He also brought with him a group of trained Chinese tea workers who would facilitate the production of tea leaves .", "He also brought with him a group of trained Chinese tea workers to assist in the production of tea leaves ." ]
[ "R. fortuniana also serves as a valuable rootstock in Australia and the southern regions of the United States .", "R. fortuniana is also a valuable rootstock in Australia and the southern regions of the United States ." ]
[ "In subsequent journeys he visited Formosa ( modern day Taiwan ) and Japan , and described the culture of the silkworm and the manufacture of rice .", "In later journeys he visited Formosa ( now called Taiwan ) and Japan , and described the culture of the silkworm and the growing of rice ." ]
[ "His most famous accomplishment was the successful transportation of tea from China to India in 1848 on behalf of the British East India Company .", "His most famous achievement was the successful introduction of tea from China to India in 1848 on behalf of the British East India Company ." ]
[ "A climbing white rose that he brought back from China in 1850 , believed to be a natural cross between Rosa laevigata and R. banksiae , was dubbed R. fortuniana ( syn .", "A climbing white rose that he brought back from China in 1850 was named R. fortuniana ( syn ." ]
[ "Similar to other European travellers of the period , such as Walter Medhurst , Fortune disguised himself as a Chinese merchant during several , but not all , of his journeys beyond the newly established treaty port areas .", "Like some European travellers of that period , such as Walter Medhurst , Fortune disguised himself as a Chinese merchant during several of his journeys into parts of China that were prohibited to him ." ]
[ "Robert Fortune was born in Scotland on 16 September 1812 , at Kelloe , Berwickshire .", "Fortune was born in Kelloe , Berwickshire ." ]
[ "Not only was Fortune 's purchase of tea plants forbidden by the Chinese government of the time , but his travels were also beyond the allowable day 's journey from the European treaty ports .", "Not only was Fortune 's purchase of tea plants forbidden by the Chinese government of the time , but he was not permitted to travel more than one day from certain ports where Europeans were allowed to trade ." ]
[ "The technology and knowledge that was brought over from China , however , may have been instrumental in the later flourishing of the Indian tea industry .", "The special growing methods and knowledge that was brought over from China , however , may have been very helpful in the later success of the Indian tea industry ." ]
[ "Following the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 , Fortune was sent out by the Horticultural Society to collect plants in China .", "In 1842 was sent out by the Society to collect plants in China ." ]
[ "The instrument is played with rubber-headed wooden mallets .", "Xylophones and marimbas are usually played with two mallets , but it is possible for good players to play with four ( two in each hand ) ." ]
[ "Concert xylophones have tube resonators below the bars to enhance the tone and sustain .", "Xylophones have bars which are made of wood ." ]
[ "The xylophone ( from the Greek words ξύλον-xylon , `` wood '' + φωνή-phonē , `` sound , voice '' , meaning `` wooden sound '' ) is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars struck by mallets .", "A xylophone is a musical instrument that is part of the percussion family ." ]
[ "Although the basic echinoderm pattern of fivefold symmetry can be recognized , most crinoids have many more than five arms .", "The basic echinoderm pattern of fivefold symmetry can be recognized , but most crinoids have many more than five arms ." ]
[ "They live both in shallow water and in depths as great as 6,000 metres .", "All crinoids are marine , and live both in shallow water and in depths as great as 6000 meters ." ]
[ "Crinoids are characterised by a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms .", "Crinoids have a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms ." ]
[ "Like other echinoderms , crinoids have pentaradial symmetry .", "The crinoids have a long history ." ]
[ "Sea lilies refer to the crinoids which , in their adult form , are attached to the sea bottom by a stalk .", "As juveniles , they are attached to the sea bottom by a stalk , as their ancestors were ." ]
[ "Françoise Marie de Bourbon , Légitimée de France ( 4 May 1677 - 1 February 1749 ) was the youngest legitimised daughter ( fille légitimée de France ) of Louis XIV of France and his maîtresse-en-titre , Françoise-Athénaïs , marquise de Montespan .", "Françoise Marie de Bourbon , Légitimée de France ( 4 May 1677 - 1 February 1749 ) was the youngest legitimised daughter ( fille légitimée de France ) of Louis XIV of France and his mistress , Françoise-Athénaïs , marquise de Montespan ." ]
[ "She married her first cousin Philippe d'Orléans in 1692 at the age of fourteen and bore eight children , four of which would have further progeny .", "She married her first cousin Philippe d'Orléans in 18 February 1692 at the age of fourteen and later bore eight children , four of which would have further children ." ]
[ "However , she wielded little political influence considering her proximity to the political circle of the era .", "However , she welded little political influence considering her proximity to the political circle of the era ." ]
[ "Coordinates : 51 ° 29 ′ 40 ″ N 0 ° 07 ′ 23 ″ W \\ / 51.49444 ° N 0.12306 ° W \\ / 51.49444 ; -0.12306 Lambeth Bridge is a road traffic and footbridge crossing the River Thames in an east-west direction in central London , the river flows north at the crossing point .", "Coordinates : 51 ° 29 ′ 40 ″ N 0 ° 07 ′ 23 ″ W \\ / 51.49444 ° N 0.12306 ° W \\ / 51.49444 ; -0.12306 Lambeth Bridge is a road traffic and footbridge crossing the River Thames in an east-west direction in central London , England ." ]
[ "Downstream , the next bridge is Westminster Bridge ; upstream the next is Vauxhall Bridge .", "Downstream , the next bridge is Westminster Bridge ." ]
[ "On the west side , in Westminster , are Thames House ( the headquarters of MI5 ) , behind which is Horseferry House ( the National Probation Service headquarters ) , and Clelland House and Abell House ( the headquarters of HM Prison Service ) , and the Millbank Tower and Tate Britain .", "On the west side of the bridge is the City of Westminster and Thames House , which is the headquarters of MI5 ) ." ]
[ "Lambeth Bridge is on the site of a horse ferry between the Palace of Westminster and Lambeth Palace on the south bank .", "On the east side of the bridge is the London Borough of Lambeth and Lambeth Palace which is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury ." ]
[ "HighBeam Research is a paid search engine and full text online archive owned by Cengage Learning ( through its Gale subsidiary ) for newspapers , magazines , academic journals , newswires , trade magazines and encyclopedias in English .", "It is owned by Cengage Learning ( through its Gale subsidiary ) for newspapers , magazines , academic journals , newswires , trade magazines and encyclopedias in English ." ]
[ "It is headquartered in Chicago , Illinois .", "It is headquartered in Chicago , Illinois , United States ." ]
[ "In French-speaking countries , Brel was also a successful actor , appearing in ten films .", "In French-speaking countries , Brel was also a successful actor , appearing in ten movies ." ]
[ "He also directed two films , one of which , Le Far West , was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1973 .", "Le Far West was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1973 ." ]