id
int64 5
4.87M
| title
stringlengths 1
208
| text
stringlengths 0
233k
| is_disambiguation_page
bool 2
classes | is_sexual_page
bool 2
classes | is_violent_page
bool 2
classes | url
stringlengths 31
778
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6,080 |
1394幎
|
1394幎(1394 ãã)ã¯ã西æŠ(ãŠãªãŠã¹æŠ)ã«ããã平幎ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1394%E5%B9%B4
|
6,081 |
1481幎
|
1481幎(1481 ãã)ã¯ã西æŠ(ãŠãªãŠã¹æŠ)ã«ããã平幎ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481%E5%B9%B4
|
6,082 |
1420幎
|
1420幎(1420 ãã)ã¯ã西æŠ(ãŠãªãŠã¹æŠ)ã«ãããé幎ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1420%E5%B9%B4
|
6,085 |
äºåŸäžè¯ (競銬)
|
競銬ã«ãããäºåŸäžè¯()ãšã¯ãäž»ã«ç«¶èµ°éЬãç«¶èµ°äžã調æäžãªã©ã«äœããã®åå ã§äž»ã«èéšçã«æ
éãçºçãããéãªã©ååŸ©ãæ¥µããŠå°é£ã§ãè¬ç©ãçšãã宿¥œæ»ã®åŠçœ®ãé©åœã§ãããšç£å»åž«ã蚺æããç¶æ
ãèšãã
転ããŠã競走銬ãžã®å®æ¥œæ»åŠçœ®ãã®ãã®ã«å¯Ÿãã婿²ç衚çŸãšããŠçšããããå Žåãå€ããç¹ã«ãç«¶èµ°äžã®éªšæçãåå ãšããŠäºåŸäžè¯ã«è³ãå Žåã¯ããã³ã¯(ãã)ããšè¡šçŸãããŠããã
競走銬ã®å€ããå ãããµã©ãã¬ããã®èéšã¯éªšæããããªã©ã®æ
éãçºçããããããã¬ã©ã¹ã®èããšåœ¢å®¹ãããã»ã©ã§ãããåçš®ã«ãã£ãŠéЬã®äœéã¯ç°ãªããã軜皮銬ã§ãããµã©ãã¬ããã®å Žåã§ã 400 - 600ããã°ã©ã çšåºŠãšãªãã鿢ããŠç«ã£ãŠããç¶æ
ã§ãè¶³1æ¬ããã100ããã°ã©ã 以äžã®è² è·ãæããããšã«ãªãã
äžè¢éšã«éªšæããããªã©ã®æ
éãçºçãã銬ã¯ããã®èªéãä»ã®å¥å
šè¢ã§æ¯ããªããã°ãªããªããããé倧ãªè² è·ããå¥å
šè¢ã«ãè² éæ§è¹èç()ãè¹åè
ç()ãšãã£ãç
æ°ãçºçããããã®ãããç
ç¶ãæªåãããšèªåã§ç«ã€ããšãäžå¯èœãšãªããæçµçã«ã¯æ»ãžå°ãã
æ²»çæ³ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¢éšã®è² è·ãåããããããèŽäœããã«ãã§åãäžããããæ°Žäžã«ããæµ®åãå©çšããããããŒã«çãçšããæ¹æ³ããããããããå¿
èŠãªæ²»çè²»ãæ²»çæéäžã®é£Œè²è²»ãªã©ééé¢ã§ã®è² æ
ãè«å€§ã«ãªãããŸããäžè¿°ããè² éæ§è¹èçãªã©ã®åé¡ããçåçãé«ããªããªã©ãªã¹ã¯ã倧ããããã®ãã倧倿°ã®ç«¶èµ°éЬã¯äºåŸäžè¯ãšèšºæãããçŽåŸã«å®æ¥œæ»ã®åŠçœ®ãåããåŠåãããã
宿¥œæ»ã®ææ®µãšããŠã¯è¬æ®ºãäžè¬çã§ãããç£å»åž«ã«ãã麻é
è¬ãçåŒç·©å€ãå¿åæ¢è¬ã®æäžã«ããæ®ºåŠåãè¡ãããããã€ãŠã¯åœã«ããéã«ããå°æ®ºãè¡ããããææ²»æä»£ã«ã¯éŠ¬å Žã§èг客ã®ç®ã®åã§æ³éã«ããéæ®ºãè¡ãããããšããã(åŸç¯åå¥ã®äºäŸåç
§)ã
æ¥æ¬ã®å Žåã¯ãç«è¬ãããã®ã¡ã«éЬé 芳é³ã«äŸé€ãããããã€ãŠã¯æ®ºåŠåããã銬ã銬èã«è»¢çšããããšããã£ãããçŸåšã§ã¯äºåŸäžè¯ã®å Žåã¯ã»ãŒå
šãŠè¬æ®ºåŠåãè¡ã£ãŠãããããé£åã®å®å
šè¡ç管çäžåžå Žã«æµéããããšã¯ãªãã
åŠçœ®åŸã®å¹æãåŸãããªãããŸãæè¡ã«æåããŠãè¡åŸã®ã¹ãã¬ã¹(䟵襲)ãšãããã«ãã£ãŠçºçããäºæ¬¡çãªçŸç
ã倧ããªå£ãšãªãå Žåãããã
äºåŸäžè¯ã®èšºæããã®ã¡ã«å€æŽãããã±ãŒã¹ãçšã«ããã2006幎(å¹³æ18幎)第2åäžå±±ç«¶éЬ7æ¥ç®(3æ18æ¥)9ã¬ãŒã¹é
ç°å·ç¹å¥ã§å³åæµ
å±è
±æè£ãçºçããŠç«¶èµ°ãäžæ¢ããããŒãã¹ãã£ãŒãã¯ãæåäºåŸäžè¯ãšèšºæãããããåŸæ¥èšºæå
容ãç«¶èµ°èœååªå€±ã«å€æŽã«ãªã£ãããªãã骚æãæ¥æ§å¿äžå
šãªã©ãèµ·ãããŠã蚺æåã«ç«¶éŠ¬å Žå
ã§æ»äº¡ããå ŽåãJRAã®å
¬åŒèšé²ã§ã¯ãäºåŸäžè¯ãã§ã¯ãªãåãªããæ»äº¡ããšãªã£ãŠãã(äŸ:åŸè¿°ã®ã³ã¹ã¢ãµã³ããŒã ãã¹ãã«ãŽã£ã³ã°ãªã©)ã
ãããã®äŸãšã¯éã«ãéåºŠã®æ
éããå埩ãã銬ã«ã¯ãã³ãŽã¬ã«ãŒãã€ããã³ã°ããŒãã«ããµã¯ã©ããŒã¬ã«ããã·ã¶ãã€ããã«ãªãŒãããã¬ã€ãšããªã©ãããã
æ¥æ¬åœå€ã§ã®ã¬ãŒã¹ãžã®åºèµ°ãã茞åºå
¥ãªã©ã§ç«¶èµ°éЬã空茞ããå Žåã茞éäžã«æŽããããšã¯å°ãªãããäžäžç©ºèŒžäžã«æŽãã銬ããã³èªç©ºæ©ã«ãšã£ãŠå±éºãªç¶æ
ãšå€æãããå Žåã¯äºåŸäžè¯ãšåãæªçœ®ãæ¡ããããèªç©ºæ©ãçšãã競走銬ã®é·è·é¢åœéèªç©ºèŒžéã®ããŠããŠããŸã 確ç«ãããŠããªãã£ãæä»£ã®ãšããœãŒãã§ã¯ãããã1958幎(æå33幎)ã«ããŒããŒéЬãã¯ãã«ã©ãç±³åœé åŸãæ¢è¡ããéã茞éã«äœ¿çšããããã£ãŒã¿ãŒæ©ã®æ©é·ã«ã¯æ³éã®ææãèš±å¯ãããäžäžéŠ¬ãæŽããŠæã«è² ããªããªã£ãå Žåã«ã¯ãæ©é·ã®æš©éãšããŠéЬãå°æ®ºããŠããããšãããé¢ä¿è
ãããã«åæããŠèªç©ºæ©ã«æä¹ãããããšã¯æåã§ããã
ããã§ã¯æ¥æ¬ã®GI(çŽ)ç«¶èµ°åªå銬ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãã
ã·ã³ããªã€ã³ãã£ã¯ã²ãŒãå
¥ãåŸã«ã²ãŒãã®äžãæœãæããŠããŸã£ãŠæ
éãçºçãããšããçšãªã±ãŒã¹ã§ããã
ãã¹ãã³ãããããã³ãã€ã³ãããµã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒãªãŒã®3é ã¯äºåŸäžè¯ã®èšºæãäžã£ããã銬䞻ãµã€ãã®æåã«ããæ²»çãè¡ãããããããããã¹ãã³ããããšãã³ãã€ã³ãã¯çé€äžã«è¡°åŒ±æ»ããµã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒãªãŒã¯çŽ5ã¶æã®éç
ã®æ«ã«å¥ã®ç®æã骚æãã宿¥œæ»ã®æªçœ®ãå·ãããŠããã
ãªããã³ã¹ã¢ãµã³ããŒã (2003å¹Žææ¥æ¯ãã¥ãŒãã¥ãªãã£ã¹ããŒã¯ã¹åªå銬)ã¯ã2006幎ã®éªæ¥æ¯ã§æ¥æ§å¿äžå
šãçºçãç«¶èµ°ãäžæ¢ãããã宿¥œæ»ã®æªçœ®ã«è³ããããã®å Žã§æ»äº¡ããŠãã(ãã®å Žåãç«¶èµ°æçžŸã®èšäºãªã©ã«ãããŠã¯ãäºåŸäžè¯ãã§ã¯ãªããæ»äº¡ããšæèšããã)ãåæ§ã«2023幎éèè³åªå銬ã®ã¹ãã«ãŽã£ã³ã°ã次走ã®ç¬¬90åæ±äº¬åªé§¿ã§æ¥æ§å¿äžå
šãçºçããå
¥ç·ãããã®ã®ãŽãŒã«åŸã«ãã®å Žã§æ»äº¡ããçºJRAã®èšäºã«ã¯ãæ»äº¡ããšæèšãããŠããã
ãŸããäžè¿°ã®ã¬ãŒã¹äžã®äºæ
ã®ä»ã調æäžãæŸç§äžã®äºæ
ã§äºåŸäžè¯ã«ãªã£ãã±ãŒã¹ãååšãã(äŸ:ãžã§ã¯ããŽã£ãŒãŽã«ãã¢ãŠã©ãŒãã£ãŒãã·ã£ã±ãã©ãã¹ããŒãã©ãŒã«ããŽã¡ã€ã¹ã¡ããªãŒã«ãã¢ã¹ã¯ãã¯ã¿ãŒã¢ã¢)ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%88%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF_(%E7%AB%B6%E9%A6%AC)
|
6,087 |
åã代
|
ãåã代ã(ãã¿ãã)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®åœæã§ããã10äžçŽåé ã«ãããæåã®å
æ°åæéã§ãããå€ä»åæéãã®ãèªäººç¥ãããã®åæãååºãšããŠãããäžçã®åœæã®äžã§ãäœè©è
ãæãå€ããšããããŠãããåœåã¯ãç¥çŠãåãã人ã®å¯¿åœã ãæã£ããã®ã ãã転ããŠã倩çã®æ²»äžããå¥ç¥ããæ ãšãªã£ãã1869幎(ææ²»2幎)ã«è©æ©çµç¶ã®ãè¬è±å±±ãã«ãããåã代ããæè©ãšããŠéžãã æãååãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãã®åŸ1880幎(ææ²»13幎)ã«å®®å
çé
楜課ãæåŸãæ¹ããŠä»ãçŽããããããã€ã人ã®é³æ¥œæåž«ãã©ã³ãã»ãšãã±ã«ãã西æŽå声ã«ããç·šæ²ãããã®ãã1893幎(ææ²»26幎)ã®æéšçæéšå€§è£äºäžæ¯
ã®å瀺以éãååŒã«äœ¿çšããã1930幎(æå5幎)ã«ã¯åœæãšãããŠå®çããã1999幎(å¹³æ11幎)ã«ãåœæåã³åœæã«é¢ããæ³åŸãã§æ£åŒã«æ¥æ¬ã®åœæãšããŠæ³å¶åãããã
ãåã代ã¯å代ã«å
«å代ã«ãããç³ã®å·(ãã¯ã»)ãšãªããŠèã®ãããŸã§ãã¯ã10äžçŽã«ç·šçºãããå
æ°åæéãå€ä»åæéãå·»äžãè³æãå·»é ã«ãèªäººç¥ããããšããŠãæåã¯å代ã«å
«å代ã«ãããç³ã®å·ãšãªããŠèã®ãããŸã§ããšããçæãååºãšããŠããã
ãããç§æ°(çŽè²«ä¹æ°é)ã®ãæ°æ°åæããæè© ã®ããã«è€åå
¬ä»»ãæ°ãããåæŒ¢æè© éã(11äžçŽæç«)ãªã©ã«ãåããããç¥è³ã®æãšãããæè© ã«ãäŸãããé
宎ã®éã«æãããæãšãããããã®ã§ããã9äžçŽã«ãã£ãŠå
å倩çãå§æ£éæã®é·å¯¿ãç¥ã£ãŠãåãå
«å代ããšããŠããããã«ããåãã¯åºãçšããèšèã§ãã£ãŠåäž»ã»å€©çãæããšã¯éããªãã£ãã
ããªãã¡ããæãåããšã¯ç¥è³ãåãã人ãæããŠããããåã代ãã¯å€©çã«ãã£ãŠã¯ã倩çã®æ²»äžããæå³ããŠããããäžè¬ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãã®æãåããè
ã®é·å¯¿ãç¥ãæå³ã§ãã£ãããã®æãå©çšãããç¯å²ã¯ãæŽå²çã«ã¿ãã°ãç©èªã埡䌜èåã謡æ²ãå°åãæµç çããæèäŒãæµ®äžèåãçæãªã©å€å²ã«ãããããŸãç®æ²ãé·åãåžžç£æŽ¥ãããã«ã¯ç¢æœæãèæãçèžãåãç¥ç€Œæãçµç¶æããä¹é£ã®éä»ãªã©ãããããŠåºç¯å²ã«åãã§ããããåã代ã¯å代ã«å
«å代ã«ãã®æããå®åæ¡å±±æä»£ã®ééã«ãã£ãŠã¯æã®å°åã§ããããšã¯åºãç¥ããããšããã§ããã
åœæãšããŠã¯ã1869幎(ææ²»2幎)ãè»æ¥œéæå®ã ã£ãã€ã®ãªã¹äººãžã§ã³ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãã§ã³ãã³ãæ¥æ¬ã«åœæããªãã®ãæ®å¿µã«æããç·Žç¿çãä»ããŠäœæ²ãç³ãåºãããšãå§ãŸããšããŠããã1880幎(ææ²»13幎)ãæ³åŸã§ã¯å®ããããªãã£ãããäºå®äžã®åœæãšããŠç€ŒåŒæ²ãåã代ããæ¡çšãããããã®ããŒãã¯ççµ±ã®æ°žç¶æ§ãšãããã
æ¥æ¬ã®åœæã®æè©ããã³ãã®è¡šèšã¯ããåœæåã³åœæã«é¢ããæ³åŸã(åœæåœææ³)å¥èšç¬¬äºã§ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ããã
ããããç³ã®ããããšãªããŠããã®ãããŸã§ããšã¯ãå°ç³ãæé·ããŠå€§ããªå²©ãšãªããããã«èãã¯ãããŸã§ãã®æå³ã§ãéããªãæ ä¹
ã®å¹Žæãå¯èŠçãªã€ã¡ãŒãžãšããŠè¡šçŸãããã®ã§ãããåæ§ã®è¡šçŸã¯ãæ¢å¡µç§æãå·»äžå·»é ã®ãé·æåéŠãç¥ã«ããããåã代ã¯åäž(ã¡ã)ã«äžåºŠ(ã²ãšãã³)ãã塵(ã¡ã)ã®çœé²(ãããã)ãããå±±ãšãªããŸã§ãã«ãã¿ãããäžæ¹ã§ã¯ãå°ç³ãæé·ããŠå·šå²©ã«ãªããšããå€ä»£ã®æ°éä¿¡ä»°ã«ããšã¥ããŠããããå€ä»åæéããçååºãã«ããç (ããã)é·ããŠå·ãšãªãé ãæŽæŽãšããŠè³ã«æºãŠãããšããã
ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æ¥æ¬ç ç©¶å®¶ããžã«ã»ããŒã«ã»ãã§ã³ãã¬ã³ã¯ããã®æè©ãè±èªã«ç¿»èš³ããããã§ã³ãã¬ã³ã®èš³ã以äžã«åŒçšãã:
Thousands of years of happy reign be thine; Rule on, my lord, till what are pebbles now By age united to mighty rocks shall grow Whose venerable sides the moss doth line. (âæ±ã®æ²»äžã幞ããªæ°å幎ã§ããããã« ããããäž»ããæ²»ãã€ã¥ãããŸããä»ã¯å°ç³ã§ãããã®ã æä»£ãçµãŠããã€ãŸããŠå€§ããªã岩ãšãªã ç¥ãã³ããã®åŽé¢ã«èãçããæ¥ãŸã§)
éŠæž¯æ¥æ¬å é ææã«ã¯ããåã代ãã®å
¬åŒæŒ¢èš³ãçç¥ãããã£ãã
æè©ã®åºå
žã¯ãå€ä»åæéã(å€ä»åæéå·»äžè³æå·»é æãé¡ç¥ãããèªäººç¥ãããåœæå€§èŠ³çªå·343çª)ã§ããããã ããå€ä»éã®ããã¹ãã«ãããŠã¯åå¥ããæãåã¯ããšããçŸåšã®åœæã®æè©ãšã¯å®å
šã«ã¯äžèŽããŠããªãã
æãå㯠å代ã«ãã¡ãã« ãããç³ã® å·ãšãªã㊠èã®ãããŸã§
æç®ã«ã¿ããå®å
šãªäžèŽã¯ãæè© ã®ããã®ç§å¥ãåæãéãããåæŒ¢æè© éãã®éåæä»£åæã®äžæ¬ã«èšããã®ãæå€ãšãããã(å·»äžç¥ãåœæå€§èŠ³çªå·775çª)ã
ãåæŒ¢æè© éãã«ãããŠãå€ã忬ã¯ãæãåããšãªã£ãŠããããåŸäžã®çæ¬ã¯ãåã代ããå€ãããã®ãæãåããããåã代ããžã®å€é·ã«ã€ããŠã¯åå¥ãæãåãã®åæããå€ä»åæéããšãå€ä»åæå
åžã以å€ã«ã¯ã»ãšãã©ã¿ãããã以éã®æéã«ãããŠã¯åå¥ãåã代ããå§åçã«å€ãããšããæä»£ã®æœ®æµã§ãæãåããšããçŽæ¥çãªè¡šçŸããåã代ããšãã鿥çãªè¡šçŸã«çœ®ãæãã£ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšããæšæž¬ããããåèåªåã¯ããæãåããããåã代ããžã®è»¢æã¯å¹³å®æä»£æ«æããã«é²ãã ãšããŠãããæè© ã¯ã西æŽé³æ¥œããã®åœ±é¿ãåããçŸä»£æ¥æ¬é³æ¥œã«ããããæè©ãšæåŸã坿¥ã«é¢ã£ãŠã§ããŠããè©æäžèŽäœãšã¯ç°ãªãããã®æå±ããæè©ãèŽããšãããšã¯è³é£ã§ããã
ãªããå€ä»åæå
åžãã§ã¯äžã®å¥ããæãåã¯å代ã«ãŸããŸãããšãªã£ãŠããããå€ä»åæéããå€ã忬ã«ã¯ããŸããŸãããšãªã£ããã®ãããããŸã忬ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãã¡ãã«ã ã¡ãã«ããšãããã§ãšãããŠãããã®ãããããããå代ã«ããå代ã«ããšå埩ã§ãããšãã説ãçãŸããã
äžèéãªã©ã§ã¯ãåã代ãã®èšèèªäœã¯ã貎æ¹(ãããã¯äž»å)ã®åŸ¡å¯¿åœããããé·(ããã®)ã«ãããèšèã§ããã転ããŠãããåã®åŸ¡ä»£ããšãªãããå€ä»åæéãåé²ã®åæã§ã¯ãäžè¿°ããããã«ãåãã¯ãããªããã䞻人ããåäž»ããªã©åºãçšããèšèã§ãã£ãŠå€©çããããšã¯éããªãããå€ä»åæéãå·»äžã®è³æ22éŠã®ãã¡18éŠã¯ç¹å®ã®åäººãæŸç°æŠå€«ã«ããã°å
å倩çãè€ååºçµãéé倩çã®3人ã«ãããã®äººã
ã«ããããå
·äœçãªç¥ãã®å Žé¢ã«éããŠã®æã§ããããã®ç¥ãã®å
容ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ãç®è³ã§ãããåºçæ
¶è³ããããããã«å¯Ÿããæåã®4éŠã¯èªäººç¥ããã§äœæå¹Žä»£ãå€ããšã¿ãããæãäœãããäºæ
ãããããªãããã®ãã¡ã®1éŠã§ãåé ã«çœ®ããããã®ããåã代ãã®åæã§ããããããã£ãŠãã®ãåãã¯ç¹å®ã®å人ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãæ²»äžã®å(ãå€ä»åæéãã®æä»£ã«ãããŠã¯åž)ã®é·å¯¿ãç¥ãããã®åŸ¡äžã«ãããè³æãšããŠåé²ããããã®ãšçè§£ããããšãå¯èœã§ããã
åŸäžã®æ³šéæžã§ã¯ããã®æã®ãåãã倩åãæããšæç€ºãããã®ãããããããããç¶çŸ€æžé¡åŸã第åå
茯ã«åããããå ¯æºã®ãå€ä»åæéé°åäœè
次第ãã§ãããåæžç¬¬1å·»ã®åè¡ã¯ãäžæ²»å
幎(1658幎)ã®ããšã§ãããå ¯æºã¯åå¥ããåã代ãšããããªãããšãããæã倧åã®å€©ã®äžç¥ãããããšè§£èª¬ããŠãããããã«ããã°ã17äžçŽåã°ã®æ±æžæä»£åæã«ãããŠã倩çã®åŸ¡äžãé·ããããšç¥è³ããæã ãšã®è§£éãååšããŠããããšãšãªãã
ãå€ä»åæéãã«éãããå
æ°éã«åããããè³æã«ã€ããŠã¿ããªãã°ãåãã®æå³ãããšããã¯æä»£ããã ãã«ã€ã倩çã§ããå Žåãã»ãšãã©ãšãªã£ãŠãããå
æ°éã®è³æã®æãæ§ãå€åããç®è³ãã¯ããçŸå®ã«å³ããèšç¥ãã®æããã ãã«å§¿ãæ¶ããé¡è© æãšå€§åç¥åæã«ãªã£ãŠããããã§ããããããã£ãåŸåã¯é¢æ¿æã«å
¥ã£ãŠé¡èã«ãªã£ãŠãããã®ã§çæãæé¢æ¿æ²»ã®åŠå®ããããŠæŠå®¶å¢åãšã®å¯Ÿæ±ºãžãšåãããªãã§å
æ°éã«ãããŠå€©çã®ååšã倧ããæã¡åºããŠããå¿
èŠããã£ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšãããŠããã
ãåã代ãã¯æè© ã«äŸãããã»ããéåæä»£ä»¥éæ¥éã«åº¶æ°ã«åºãŸããè³æã«éããªã倿§ãªçšãããæ¹ããªãããããã«ãªã£ãã仿ã®å»¶å¹Žèã«ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸçšããããŠããããç°æ¥œã»ç¿æ¥œã»è¬¡æ²ãªã©ã§ã¯èšèããããŠåŒçšããããäžè¬ã«ã¯ã宎äŒã®æåŸã®æãããéãã®æããèçŽãæããšããŠäœ¿ãããŠãããããããæœæç©èªã(å忿代ãå®€çºæä»£åææç«)ã§ã¯å®ŽäŒã®åžã§ææ¯å¥äžé矩ç§ããåã代ãã謡ãèãäŸãã矩çµèšã(å®€çºæä»£åææç«)ã§ãé埡åãæºé Œæã®åã§è³æãåã代ããèãäŸãèŠãããšãã§ããã
ãæœæç©èªã巻第å
ã蟯æå€©ã®åŸ¡äºã
ã矩çµèšã巻第å
ãéè¥å®®å
«å¹¡å®®ãžåè©£ã®äºã
å®åæ¡å±±æä»£ããæ±æžæä»£ã®åæã«ãããŠã¯ãæ§ãã嫿ãããåã代ã¯å代ã«ãã¡ãã«ãããç³ã®å²©ã»ãšæããŠèã®ãããŸã§ãã®ããã¡ã§ééç¯ã®å·»é ã«èŒã£ãŠãããåãæã¯ç±³åœãã¹ãã³çŸè¡é€šèµã京éœåŠæ¥Œéåå³ã[å
æ²äžåãçŽæ¬ç圩ã17äžçŽåŸåãäœè
äžè©³]äžã«ãã¿ããããç¥ãã®æãçžæãæãæãšããŠå°åãé·åãå°æãæµç çãä»®åèåãæµ®äžèåãèªæ¬ãç¥ç€Œæãçèžããèæãè©æ©çµç¶ãéä»çã«ããããšãã¯ãã®ãŸãŸã®åœ¢ã§ããããšãã¯æè©ããããŠçšãããããã®æè©ã¯åº¶æ°å±€ã«ãåºãæ®åããã
16äžçŽã®è©æ©åœã®æŠåœæŠå°å³¶æŽ¥å¿ è¯(æ¥æ°æ)ã¯ãå®¶ç£ããããå
çŽãåããã®ã¡ãæ¥å¢ããå®¶è£å£ãçµæãããããã®ç²Ÿç¥æè²ã«æ³šåããçµç¶ãæ¹é ããŠææãæ¹ããæ¥ã倧ååãã奿³ããŸã£ããå€ããŠåå£®ææ¢ãªé³ã®é³Žãè©æ©çµç¶ãšããããããŠãæŠå£«ã®å«çãæã£ãèªäœã®47éŠã«è»ç¥ã®å©èšãæ±ããç²ç®ã®å§æ·µèäºå
¬ã«æ²ãã€ããããçµç¶æãããã¯æããšããŠæ®åããããå³¶æŽ¥æ¥æ°æäœè©ã»æ·µèäºå
¬äœæ²ã®çµç¶æãè¬è±å±±ãã®æè©ã¯ã以äžã®ãããªãã®ã§ããã
è¬è±å±±
ãåã代ããè© ã¿èŸŒãã ãã®çµç¶æã¯ãè©æ©è©å®¶äžã«ãããæ
¶è³ã®åžã§ã¯ã€ããã®ã®æ²ãšããŠæãããé·äžæè²ãšããäžçš®ã®é壿è²ãçžãŸã£ãŠããã®æ²ãæããªãè©æ©è©å£«ã¯ã»ãšãã©ããªãã£ãããªãã§ãã倧山匥å©(ã®ã¡ã®å€§å±±å·)ã®æå£°ã¯çŽ æŽãããã£ããšããããã
ãåã代ãã¯ãæ±æžå倧奥ã§å
æŠæ©æã«ãããªããããããããç³ãã®ååŒã§ãæããããããã¯ãåŸ¡å°æ(æ£å®€)ãæ£äžã(åå4æ)ã«èµ·åºããæéããããŠæŽé¢ã»åç²§ã»ãããã¹ããããã«é«ªåãçµããè£
æã身ã«ä»ããŠç·æ¯æ°ã®æ·ãããå»äžãæž¡ããéšå±ã«çœ®ãããç¥(ããã)ã®ãªãã®3ã€ã®çœãç³ã«ãããããç¯ããäžå¹Žå¯ãäžç€ŒããŠãåã代ã¯å代ã«å
«å代ã«ãããç³ã®ããšäžã®å¥ãåå±ãããšãåŸ¡å°æãããã¯ã»ãšãªããŠèã®ãããŸã§ããšäžã®å¥ãå¿ããåŸ¡å°æã®å³èã«ããäžèãç³ã«æ°Žã泚ããšãã女æ§ã ãã®ãæµãã®ååŒãã§ãã£ããç¥ã«ã¯ãå°ç³3åã®ã»ããŠãºãªããšè£çœãç°äœããäžéã«é£ŸãããŠããã
1869幎(ææ²»2幎)4æãã€ã®ãªã¹å
¬äœ¿ããªãŒã»ããŒã¯ã¹ãããšãã£ã³ãã©å
¬ã¢ã«ãã¬ãã(ãŽã£ã¯ããªã¢å¥³ç次ç·)ã7æã«æ¥æ¬ã蚪åããçŽ1ãææ»åšããæšã®ééããã£ãããã®æ¥åŸ
æã«å¯Ÿãã€ã®ãªã¹å
¬äœ¿é€šè·è¡éæ©å
µå€§éã®è»æ¥œéé·ãžã§ã³ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãã§ã³ãã³ããæ¥æ¬ã«åœæããªãã®ã¯éºæŸã§ãããåœæãããã¯åç€Œé³æ¥œãèšããã¹ããšé²èšããã¿ãããäœæ²ãç³ãåºãã
åœæã®è©æ©è©ç ²å
µå€§éé·ã§ãã£ã倧山匥å©(ã®ã¡ã®å€§å±±å·)ã¯ã倧éé·é接é®éãšé¹¿å
å³¶å°åäºå€§è¿«åå·Šè¡éãšã¯ãããè©æ©çµç¶æã®ãè¬èå±±ãã®ãªãã«ãããåã代ããæè©ã«éžã³ã2人ãšãããã«è³æããŠããã§ã³ãã³ã«ç€ºãããããããŠãã§ã³ãã³ã«ãã£ãŠäœæ²ãããåä»£ç€ŒåŒæ²ã®ãåã代ãã¯ãã§ã³ãã³ã¿ãããææ®ããã€ã®ãªã¹è»æ¥œéã«ãã£ãŠãšãã£ã³ãã©å
¬æ¥æ¥ã®éã«æŒå¥ãããããã ãæŸ€éä¹äžãåœæãã§ã³ãã³ã®æ¥éä¿ã®äžäººã§ãã£ãåç°å®ä»ããèãã話ã§ã¯ãè»äžå±€éšã«ãã§ã³ãã³ã®æèŠãåãåããããšãããäŒè°äžã§åãåã£ãŠãããããæ¥éä¿ãã¡ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãä»»ãããããã®éãé岡è©å£«ã®ä¹éªšå€ªéä¹ã倧奥ã§è¡ãããæ£æã®ååŒãããããç³ãã§äœ¿çšãããå€æãææ¡ããåç°ããè¬è±å±±ããšå
±éããŠãããšããŠãã®æããã§ã³ãã³ã«äŒãããšããçµç·¯ãšãªãã
å幎10æã鹿å
å³¶ããéŒç¬éã®éå°å¹Žã暪æµã«åŒã³å¯ããããè©æ©ãã³ã(è©æ©è©è»æ¥œé)ãèšç«ããããã§ã³ãã³ããæ¥œå
žãšæ¥œåšã®æŒå¥ãæå°ãããåŠéŠå¯ºã§çç·Žç¿ããããªã£ããç¿å¹Ž1870幎(ææ²»3幎)8æ12æ¥ã暪æµã®å±±æå
¬å鳿¥œå ã§ãã§ã³ãã³ææ®ãè©æ©ãã³ãã«ããåããŠã®æŒå¥äŒã§ãåä»£ç€ŒåŒæ²ãåã代ãã¯æŒå¥ããããå幎9æ8æ¥ãæ±äº¬ã»è¶äžå³¶ã«ãããŠå€©èЧã®éžè»èгå
µåŒã®éã«å¹å¥ãããããããããã§ã³ãã³äœæ²ã®ãåã代ãã¯åšå³ãæ¬ ããŠããŠæ¥œé·ã®éç°çå¹³ã¯ããäžæºã®å£°ãå€ãã£ããåœæã®äººã
ã西æŽçãªæåŸã«ãªãããªãã£ãããšããã£ãŠæ®åããã
åœæ (national anthem) ã¯è¿ä»£è¥¿æŽã«ãããŠçãŸããæ¥æ¬ãéåœãã广«ã®æç¹ã«ãããŠå€äº€åç€Œäžæ¬ ãããªããã®ãšãªã£ãŠããããããã£ãåœæã®å¿
èŠæ§ã¯ã1876幎(ææ²»9幎)ã«æµ·è»æ¥œé·ã®äžæç¥åºžãæµ·è»çè»åå±é·å®ã«åºãããåãä»£ãæ¥œèãæ¹èšããäžç³æžã倩çéäžã²ç¥ã¹ã«æ¥œèæ¹èšä¹åãã®ä»¥äžã®éšåã§ããããããã
ã(西æŽè«žåœã«ãããŠ)èéåŸæ¥ãªã©ã®çå倧å
žãããšãã¯ãååœãããã«(åœæã®)楜èã謳å¥ãã以ãŠãã®ç¹ç«èªç«åœããã®éæ ã衚èªãããã®åäž»ã®åšå³ãçºæ®ããã®ç€Œæ¬Ÿã«ãããŠæ¬ ãã¹ããããã®å
žãšãªããããããªãã¡ãåœæã®å¿
èŠæ§ã¯ãŸãäœãããå€äº€å瀌ã®å Žã«ãããŠãªã®ã§ãããçŸåšã§ãäŸãã°ã¹ãã€ã³åœæã®ãåœçè¡é²æ²ãã®ããã«æè©ã®ãªãåœæãååšãããåœå㯠"national anthem" ã®èš³èªããªãã£ãããã®ã¡ã«ãåœæããšèš³ãããããã ããåŸæ¥ãåœæããšã¯ãåæããšå矩èªã§ã挢詩ã«å¯ŸããããŸãšèšèã®æ(è©©)ãšããæå³ã§äœ¿ãããŠãããã "national anthem" ã®æå³ãããšããã¯ãªããªãåœæ°äžè¬ã®çè§£ãããšãããšãªããªãã£ãã
ãã®æèŠã«ããšã¥ããå®®äžã®è© å±ããé³ç¯ãå°éããŠæ¹èšããæ¹åã§å®®å
çãšæ€èšã«å
¥ãããã§ã³ãã³ã®ç€ŒåŒæ²ã¯å»æ¢ããããç¿å¹Ž1877幎ã«è¥¿åæŠäºãèµ·ããããã®éã«ãã§ã³ãã³ã¯ä»»æãçµããŠåž°åœããã
1880幎(ææ²»13幎)7æãæ¥œèæ¹èšå§å¡ãšããŠæµ·è»æ¥œé·äžæç¥åºžãéžè»æ¥œé·åå
矩è±ãå®®å
çäŒ¶äººé·æå»£å®ãåå¹Žæ¥æ¥ãããã€ãäººã§æµ·è»è»æ¥œæåž«ã®ãã©ã³ãã»ãšãã±ã«ãã®4åãä»»åœããããæ¡çšãããã®ã¯æå»£å®ãé
楜ã®å£±è¶èª¿æåŸã®é³éã§äœæ²ãããã®ã§ãããããã¯ãå®éã«ã¯ã廣å®ã®é·ç·æå»£å£ãšå®®å
çåŒéšè·é
æšèª²ã®äŒ¶äººå¥¥å¥œçŸ©ãã€ããæåŸãããšã«å»£å®ãæ²ãèµ·ããããã®ãšã¿ãšããããããã®æ²ã«æ¹èšå§å¡ã®ã²ãšããã©ã³ãã»ãšãã±ã«ãã西æŽé¢šå声ãä»ããŠå¹å¥æ¥œçšã«ç·šæ²ããã
æ¹èšçãåã代ãã¯ãææ²»13幎10æ25æ¥ã«è©ŠæŒãããç¿26æ¥ã«è»åå±é·äžç³æžã§ãããéäžå¥ç¥ãæ¥œèæ¹æ£çžæåºŠä¹åãä»äžç³ããæœè¡ãããç€ŒåŒæ²ãšããŠã®å°äœãå®ãŸã£ããå幎11æ3æ¥ã®å€©é·ç¯ã«ã¯åããŠå®®äžã§äŒ¶äººãã«ãã£ãŠæŒå¥ãããå
¬ã«æ«é²ãããã調åã¯ããã©ãã(â)2ã€ã®å€ã調ã§ãã£ãã
æµ·è»çæèµã®1880幎(ææ²»13幎)ã®åèã«ãåœæåã代äºã
ããšããããšããããšãã±ã«ãç·šæ²ã«ããçŸè¡ã®ãåã代ãã®æç«æã«ã¯ãåœæããšããèš³èªãã§ããŠããããšãç¥ãããã
1881幎(ææ²»14幎)ã«æåã®å±æã®æç§æžã§ãããå°åŠå±æé åç·šããæéšç鳿¥œå調æã«ãã£ãŠç·šéãããç¿å¹Žãåè¡ããããããã§ã®ãåã代ãã®æè©ã¯ãçŸä»£ã®ãåã代ããšã¯è¥å¹²ç°ãªãããŸã2çªãŸã§ãã£ããæ²ãè±åœäººãŠã§ãã(è±èªç)ãäœæ²ãã奿²ã§ãå°åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯åœåãã¡ããæããããã
第äºåäž åã代
ãŸããéžè»çããšãã±ã«ãç·šæ²ã®ãåã代ããåœæãšã¯èªããã倩çè¡å¹žã®éã«ã¯ãååãªãŒã·ã£ã³ã²å¥ã¹ããšå®ããŠããã倩芧ã®éžè»å€§èª¿ç·Žã«ã¯ããªãŒã·ã£ã³ããæŒå¥ãããŠããã1882幎(ææ²»15幎)ã鳿¥œå調æãæéšçã®åœãåããŠãåã代ãã®åœæéžå®ã«åªããããå®çŸããªãã£ãããŠã§ããã®ãåã代ãã¯ããŸãæ®åããªãã£ããé
楜調ã®ãšãã±ã«ãç·šæ²ãåã代ãã¯å¥œè©ã§ã倩çç€ŒåŒæ²ãšããŠäž»ãšããŠæµ·è»ã§æŒå¥ãããã
1888幎(ææ²»21幎)ãæµ·è»çãæå»£å®äœæ²ããšãã±ã«ãç·šæ²ãåã代ãã®å¹å¥æ¥œèãå°å·ããŠãå€§æ¥æ¬ç€ŒåŒ Japanische Hymne (von F.Eckert))ããšããŠåå®åºãåæ¡çŽåœã«éä»ããã1889幎(ææ²»22幎)ã®é³æ¥œå調æç·šçºãäžç屿ãã«ã¯ãšãã±ã«ãç·šæ²ã®ç€ŒåŒæ²ãæ²èŒããã1889幎12æ29æ¥ãå°åŠæ ¡ãæŒãç¥æ¥å€§ç¥æ¥ååŒãçšãã«æè©å楜èãä»¶ãã§ã¯ãå°åŠå±æé åç·šããšãäžç屿ãã®åæ¹ãæããããããã ããåœåã¯åœå
ã§ãããèªããŠãã人ã¯å¿
ãããå€ããªãã£ãã
ç€ŒåŒæ²ãåã代ãã®æ®åã¯ã1890幎(ææ²»23幎)ã®ãæè²å
èªãçºåžä»¥éãåŠæ ¡æè²ãéããŠåŒ·åã«é²ããããã1891幎(ææ²»24幎)ããå°åŠæ ¡ç¥æ¥å€§ç¥æ¥ååŒèŠå®ããå¶å®ããããã®ååŒã§ã¯ç¥ç¥åœæ¥ã«ãµããããæãæå±ããããšãå®ããããã
1893幎(ææ²»26幎)8æ12æ¥ãæéšçã¯ãåã代ãçãåãããç¥æ¥å€§ç¥æ¥æè©ç«æšèããå®å ±ã«å瀺ãããããã«ã¯ããåã代ãã®ã»ãããäžæäžæ¥ã(幎ã®ã¯ããã®)ããçŽå
ç¯ã(é²ã«è³ãã)ãã倩é·ç¯ã(仿¥ã®äœ³ãæ¥ã¯)ãªã©8æ²ãå¶å®çºè¡šããŠããããåã代ãã¯ãäœæ²è
ã¯æå»£å®ãè©ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã倿ããšèšããã調åã¯ãå€§æ¥æ¬ç€ŒåŒãããäžé³é«ãã調ãšããã4åã®4æåã§ãããäŒç¬Šã¯äœ¿çšãããªãã£ãã
å®å ±ç¬¬3337èæó éšçå¿ç€ºç¬¬äžèå°åžæ ¡ó ãæŒó ãç¥ó æ¥å€§ç¥æ¥ãååŒã²è¡ããé屿çšãäŸã¹ã«æè©ç«æšèå¥åãéó æ°å®ã¹ææ²»äºåå
幎å
«æó åäºæ¥ æó éšå€§è£äºäžæ¯
1897幎(ææ²»30幎)11æ19æ¥ã®éžè»çé第153å·ã§ããåã代ããéäžåçæã察ã·å¥ã«æã«çšãŠããšããŠãããããã«ãããŠãåã代ãã¯ãããããšãã±ã«ãç·šæ²ã®çŸåœæã«çµ±äžãããããåã代ãã¯ãåŠæ ¡ååŒã«ãããŠåœæãšããŠæ±ãããçŽå
ç¯ã倩é·ç¯ãäžæäžæ¥ã«ã¯å
ç«¥ãåŠæ ¡ã«åéããŠæå±ããããŸããæ¥æž
æŠäº(1894幎 - 1895幎)ã»æ¥é²æŠäº(1904幎 - 1905幎)ã«ããåœåšçºæã«ãšããªã£ãŠåœæ°éã«æ®åããŠãã£ãã1903幎(ææ²»36幎)ã«ãã€ãã§è¡ããããäžçåœæã³ã³ã¯ãŒã«ãã§ã¯ããåã代ããäžçãåè³ããŠããããã ããææ²»æä»£ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãåœæå¶å®ã®è°ã¯å®®å
çãæéšçã«ãã£ãŠé²ãããããã®ã®ããã¹ãŠå€±æããŠãããæ³çã«ã¯å°åŠæ ¡çšã®ç¥æ¥ã®æã«ãããªãã£ãã
1912幎(倧æ£å
幎)8æ9æ¥ããåå¶ãéã¹ã«æµ·è»è»æšèããå¶å®ããã1914幎(倧æ£3幎)ã«æœè¡ããããæµ·è»çŠ®åŒä»€ãã§ã¯ãæµ·è»ã«ããããåã代ãã®æ±ããå®ããŠããã
第äžè åã«ä»£ 倩çåó çæãå°ã¹ã«çŠ®åŒåó äžæäžæ¥ãçŽå
ç¯ó ã倩é·ç¯ó ãææ²»ç¯ó ãéæåŒç«ã宿è»èŠæã²ææéó äžã¹ã«ãã
è»èŠæã®æ²æéäžãšã¯ãæ8æã«æ²æãæ¥æ²¡æã«éäžãããå€ãããã®äžçå
±éã®æ
£ç¿ã§ãããæµ·äžèªè¡éã§ãåŒãç¶ãããŠãããè»æ¥œéãä¹è¹ããŠããèŠãå€åœã®æž¯æ¹Ÿã«åæ³ããŠããå Žåã¯ãèªåœã®åœæã§æ²æéäžããããªã£ãã®ã¡ã蚪ååœã®åœæãæŒå¥ããç¿ãããšãªã£ãŠããã
ãåã代ãã¯ãæ£åŒãªåœæã§ã¯ãªãã£ããã®ã®ãåœéçãªè³å®¢ã®éè¿ãã¹ããŒãé¢ä¿ãªã©ã§åœæã«æºããŠæŒå¥ã»æå±ãããããšãå€ããªãããšãã«æå10幎代ã«å
¥ããšãã®åŸåã¯ãã£ããé¡èãšãªã£ãã 1936幎(æå11幎)ã«æéšå€§è£ãšãªã£ãå¹³çéäžéã¯ãããæ¥ãé è¹æã®èŠç¿è·å·¥ã«ãåã代ãã®æè©ã挢åå
¥ãã§æžããããšãããåé³ç°çŸ©èªãå
ãŠãè
(äŸ:岩é³)ã誀åãå€ãã£ãããšã«æ°ãã€ãããåœæã®æè©ãçºé³ã®ã¿ã§èŠããæå³ãçè§£ããŠããªãã®ã¯åé¡ã ãšããŠãå°åžžå°åŠæ ¡ã®æç§æžã«åãä»£ãæ²èŒããããæç€ºãåºããã ãã®åŸãå°åŠæ ¡ã®åœå®ä¿®èº«æç§æžã«æè©ãæ²èŒãããããã«ãªãããç§ãã¡è£æ°ããåã代ããæãµãšãã«ã¯ã倩çéäžã®äžæ³ãç¥ã²å¥ããç宀ã®åŸ¡æ ãç¥ãå¥ãå¿ã§äžã±ãã«ãªããŸããã(ãå°åŠä¿®èº«æžãå·»å)ãšããŠåã代ãæãæå³ãæ²èŒãããããã«ãªã£ãããŸãã1941幎(æå16幎)ã«èšç«ãããåœæ°åŠæ ¡ã®ä¿®èº«æç§æžã§ããåãä»£ã®æã¯ã倩çéäžã®ãæ²»ãã«ãªã埡代ã¯å幎ãäžå¹Žãã€ã¥ããŠãæ ãã«ãªãããã«ããšããæå³ã§ãåœæ°ãå¿ãããç¥ãç³ãäžããæã§ãããŸããã(åœæ°åŠæ ¡4幎çšåœå®ä¿®èº«æç§æžãåçç§ä¿®èº«äºã)ãšèšããããæ¥äžæŠäºããå€ªå¹³æŽæŠäºã«ãããŠã®ææã«ã¯ã倧䌎家æã®åæã«1937幎(æå12幎)ã«ä¿¡ææœãæ²ãã€ãããæµ·è¡ãã°ãã第äºåœæã®ãããªæ±ããåããæ§ã
ãªå Žé¢ã§æŒå¥ã»å±åãããã
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã«ã¯ãé£ååœè»ç·åžä»€éš(GHQ)ãæ¥æ¬ãå é ããæ¥ã®äžžæ²æçŠæ¢ãšãšãã«ããåã代ãæå±ãå
šé¢çã«çŠæ¢ããããã®åŸGHQã¯å³ããå¶éãã€ã€ãããç¹å®ã®å Žåã«æ²æã»æå±ãèªãã1946幎(æå21幎)11æ3æ¥ã®æ¥æ¬åœæ²æ³å
¬åžèšå¿µåŒå
žã§æå倩çã»éŠæ·³çååºåŸ¡ã®ããšãåã代ããæå±ããããããããå幎åŸã®1947幎(æå22幎)5æ3æ¥ã«éå¬ãããæ²æ³æœè¡èšå¿µåŒå
žã§ã¯ãåã代ãã§ãªãæ²æ³æ®åäŒãéžå®ããåœæ°æããããã®æ¥æ¬ã(äœè©ã»åå²å麿ãäœæ²ã»ä¿¡ææœ)ãä»£çšæ²ãšããŠæŒå¥ããã倩çé埡ã®éã«ã¯ãææ¡æãæ°žé ãªãããæŒå¥ãããããåã代ãã®æè©ã«ã€ããŠãç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåã«ãåœäœããšåŒã°ãã倩çãäžå¿ãšããäœå¶ãè³ãããã®ãšãè§£éã§ããããšãããäžéšã®åœæ°ããåœæã«ã¯ãµãããããªããšãã䞻匵ããªããããããšãã°èªå£²æ°èã¯1948幎(æå23幎)1æ25æ¥ã®ç€Ÿèª¬ã«ãããŠãããããŸã§ååŒã«åã£ããšãããããããåãããããæãšãããã®ã¯ãåœå®¶äž»çŸ©çãªèªå·±è³çŸããç¥èåãããæ§ææ³ãå
容ã«ããŠãããããèªç¶ãªå¿ã®è¿žããšããŠåããªãããšããäžã§ãæ°åœæãäœãããªããŠã¯ãªããªãããšäž»åŒµããã
ãŸãããåã代ãã«ä»£ãããã®ãšããŠã1946å¹Žãæ¯æ¥æ°è瀟ãæéšçã®åŸæŽã𿥿¬æŸéåäŒã®åè³ãåããŠåéã»å¶äœããæ°æ²æ³å
¬åžèšå¿µåœæ°æãæ°æ¥æ¬ã®æã(åäºäžéäœè©ãçŠæ²¢çäººäœæ²)ãã€ãããã1948幎(æå23幎)ã«ã¯ææ¥æ°èç€Ÿãšæ°äž»æ¿æ²»æè²é£çãæ¥æ¬æŸéåäŒã®åŸæŽãåããŠåéã»å¶äœããåœæ°æå±ã®æããããã®é空ã(é¿éšåäœè©ãæ±èŸ°äžäœæ²)ãã€ãããããåè
ã¯æ¥æ¬ã³ãã ãã¢ãããåŸè
ã¯æ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒãããããããã¬ã³ãŒãåããããªã©ããŠæ®åãå³ãããã1951幎1æãæ¥æ¬æè·å¡çµå(æ¥æçµ)ããåã代ãã«ä»£ãããæ°åœæããšããŠå
¬åã»éžå®ããåœæ°æãšããŠãç·ã®å±±æ²³ã(åæ³°åäœè©ãå°æèª æ²»äœæ²)ãã€ããããããããã1951幎(æå26幎)9æã®ãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³å¹³åæ¡çŽä»¥éã¯ã瀌åŒã®éãªã©ã«ãåã³ãåã代ããåœæã«æºããŠæŒå¥ãããããšãå€ããªã£ãã
GHQå é äžã®åŠæ ¡ã»æè²çŸå Žã§ã¯ã1946幎(æå21幎)ã®åœæ°åŠæ ¡ä»€æœè¡èŠåãããåã代ãåå±ã®éšåãåé€ãããŠãããããããæéšçã®å€©éè²ç¥æéšå€§è£ã«ããåœæ°ã®ç¥æ¥ã«é¢ãããè«è©±ããªã©ããã1950幎(æå25幎)10æ17æ¥ã«ãåŠæ ¡ãå®¶åºã§æ¥ã®äžžæ²æãåã代æå±ããããšãæšå¥šããããšã®ééãå
šåœã®æè²å§å¡äŒãžè¡ãããŠããã䞻暩å埩åŸã®1958幎(æå33幎)åŠç¿æå°èŠé ã«ãååŒãªã©è¡ãå Žåã«ã¯åœæãæ²æããåã代ãæå±ããããšãæãŸããããšèšèŒãããããšãªã©ãããåŠæ ¡ã§åã³æ¥ã®äžžæ²æã»åã代æå±ãè¡ãããããã«ãªããããã«å察ããæ¥æ¬æè·å¡çµåçãšã®å¯Ÿç«ãå§ãŸã£ãããã®åŸãåŠç¿æå°èŠé ã¯ãåœæãæå±ããããšãæãŸãã(1978幎)ãããå
¥åŠåŒã忥åŒãªã©ã«ãããŠã¯ããã®æçŸ©ãèžãŸããåœæãæ²æãããšãšãã«ãåœæãæå±ããããæå°ãããã®ãšãã(1989幎)ããšæ¹èšãããçŸåšã¯å
¥åŠåŒã»åæ¥åŒã§ã®æ²æã»æå±ã矩åä»ããããŠããã
ãåã代ãã¯äºå®äžã®åœæãšããŠé·ããæŒå¥ãããŠããããæ³çã«æ ¹æ ããªãããšããæ³å¶åãé²ã¿ã1999幎(å¹³æ11幎)8æ9æ¥ããåœæåã³åœæã«é¢ããæ³åŸã(åœæåœææ³)ãæç«ãã13æ¥ã«å
¬åž(å·å€ç¬¬156å·)ããã峿¥æœè¡ããããæ¥æ¬åœæ¿åºã®å
¬åŒèŠè§£ã¯ãåœæåœææ³æ¡ãæåºãããéã®å¹³æ11幎6æ11æ¥ã®æ®µéã§ã¯ããåããšã¯ããå€§æ¥æ¬åžåœæ²æ³äžã§ã¯äž»æš©è
ã§ãã倩çãæããŠãããšèšãããŠããããæ¥æ¬åœæ²æ³äžã§ã¯ãæ¥æ¬åœåã³æ¥æ¬åœæ°çµ±åã®è±¡åŸŽã§ãã倩çãšè§£éããã®ãé©åœã§ãããã(ãåã代ãã®æè©ã¯ã)ãæ¥æ¬åœæ²æ³äžã§ã¯ã倩çãæ¥æ¬åœåã³æ¥æ¬åœæ°çµ±åã®è±¡åŸŽãšããæãåœã®æ«æ°žãç¹æ ãšå¹³åãç¥å¿µãããã®ãšçè§£ããããšãé©åœã§ãããããšãããããã®ããã2é±éåŸã®6æ29æ¥ã«ã(ãåããšã¯)ãæ¥æ¬åœæ²æ³äžã§ã¯ãæ¥æ¬åœåã³æ¥æ¬åœæ°çµ±åã®è±¡åŸŽã§ããããã®å°äœã䞻暩ã®åããåœæ°ã®ç·æã«åºã¥ã倩çã®ããšãæãããã代ãã¯æ¬æ¥ãæéçæŠå¿µã ãã転ããŠãåœãã衚ãæå³ãããããåã代ãã¯ãæ¥æ¬åœæ°ã®ç·æã«åºã¥ã倩çãæ¥æ¬åœåã³æ¥æ¬åœæ°çµ±åã®è±¡åŸŽããæãåœã®ããšãšãªãã(åãä»£ã®æè©ã)ãæãåœã®æ«æ°žãç¹æ ãšå¹³åãç¥å¿µãããã®ãšè§£ããã®ãé©åœãããšå€æŽããã
ãªããåæ³æ¡ã¯è¡è°é¢ã§è³æ403ãå察86(æç¥šç·æ°489)ã§å¹³æ11幎7æ22æ¥ã«ãåè°é¢ã§ã¯è³æ166ãå察71(æç¥šç·æ°237)ã§å¹³æ11幎8æ9æ¥ã«ãããããè³æå€æ°ã§å¯æ±ºãããã
åœæåã³åœæã«é¢ããæ³åŸ
ãã®ãå¥èšç¬¬äºããšããŠæ²èŒãããŠããã調ã®ãåã代ãã®æ¥œèã«ã¯ããã³ãã®æå®ã匷匱èšå·ããªãããŸããæ¬æ¥6ã«æããã¹ãã¹ã©ãŒãä»ãããŠããªããªã©ãäžå®å
šãªãã®ã§ãã£ãã
ãåã代ãã¯ãåœæåœææ³ã«ãã£ãŠå
¬åŒã«åœæãšãããŠãããæ³å¶å®ä»¥åã«ãã1974幎(æå49幎)12æã«å®æœãããå
é£åºã»æ¿åºåºå ±å®€ã®äžè«èª¿æ» ã«ãããŠã察象è
ã®76.6ããŒã»ã³ãããåãä»£ã¯æ¥æ¬ã®åœæ(åœã®æ)ãšããŠãµããããããšåçããäžæ¹ã§ãããµãããããªãããšåçããã®ã¯9.5ããŒã»ã³ãã ã£ãã
ãªããæ¥æ¬ã³ãã ãã¢ããçºå£²ãããåã代ããåé²ããCDã¯1999幎ãŸã§ã®10幎éã«å
šçš®çޝèšã§çŽ10äžæã売ãäžãããã³ã°ã¬ã³ãŒãããçºå£²ãããåã代ããå«ãCDãäžçã®åœæãã¯æ¹èšç€ãçºå£²ãããããšã«æ¯å1äžæ°åæã売ãäžããŠãã(1999幎æç¹)ã
åœæãšããŠã¯æçã®ãã®ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãããæ²ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãŠã¬ã³ãã®åœæã®ã¡ããã£ãŒã¯8å°ç¯(äžå®å
šå°ç¯ãå«ãŸã)ã§ãããåã代ã®11å°ç¯ãããçããæŒå¥æéã30ç§çšåºŠã§ããããã ãååœæã®æè©ã«ã¯2çªãš3çªãããã1çªã«ç¶ããŠæãããããšãããããããã®å Žåã¯åã代ãããé·ããªããæè©ã«ã€ããŠãã»ãšãã©ã®åœæããçãããã¹ãã€ã³ããµã³ããªãããã¹ãã¢ã»ãã«ãã§ãŽããããã³ã³ãœãã®åœæã¯å
¬åŒãªæè©ãæããªããããåçŽã«æ¯èŒããããšã¯ã§ããªãã
æåã¯4åã®4æåã§ããã
調åã¯ãé
楜ã®å
調åã®ãã¡åæã«å±ãã壱è¶èª¿ã§ãããçŸè¡ãåã代ãã¯ã1880幎(ææ²»13幎)ã®åæŒã®éã®æ¥œè(ãå€§æ¥æ¬ç€ŒåŒã)ã§ã¯å€ã調ã§ãã£ããã1893幎(ææ²»26幎)ã®ãç¥æ¥å€§ç¥æ¥æè©ç«æšèã以éã¯ã調ãšãªã£ãŠããã
1888幎(ææ²»21幎)ã®ãšãã±ã«ãç·šæ²ãå€§æ¥æ¬ç€ŒåŒãã«ããããã³ãã¯ãâ©=70(1åéã«ååé³ç¬Š70æ)ãšèšå®ãããŠããããã®ãã³ãã§æŒå¥ãããšãæŒå¥æéã¯ã ããã37ç§ãšãªãã1912幎(倧æ£å
幎)ã®ãåå¶ãé¢ã¹ã«æµ·è»è»æ¥œèãå¥ååèŒã®ãæµ·è»åå¶æ²ç·èãã®ãåã代ãã«ã¯ãã³ã衚瀺ããªããLarghetto(ããããã)ã®é床æšèªãèšèŒãããŠããã1893幎(ææ²»26幎)8æã®æéšçå瀺ãç¥æ¥å€§ç¥æ¥æè©ç«æ¥œèãã§ã¯ãâ©=69ã§ãã£ãã
â©=60ã§æŒå¥ããå Žåã1æã1ç§ãšãããš44ç§ãšãªããæ§æµ·è»ã§ã¯è»èŠæãæ²æéäžããéãä¿¡å·ã©ããèã®ãåã代ã(åœæã®ãåã代ããšã¯å¥ã®æ²ã#é¢é£ããæ¥œæ²ç¯ã®æ¥œèãšãµãŠã³ããã¡ã€ã«ãåç
§)ã45ç§ã§å¹å¥ããŠãããåãæž¯æ¹Ÿã«è»æ¥œéãä¹ã蟌ãã æèŠãåæ³ããŠããå Žåãåœæã®ãåã代ããã©ããèã®ãåã代ããšåãã45ç§ã§æŒå¥ããŠãããããã¯ãç¿æ
£ãšãªã£ããã®ã§ãããææåãããè³æçã¯ç¢ºèªãããŠããªãããªããâ©=50ã§æŒå¥ãããš52ç§ããããNHKã®ãã¬ãã»ã©ãžãªæŸéçµäºæã«æŒå¥ããããã³ããšãªãã
è¿ä»£ãªãªã³ããã¯ã«ãããŠã¯ã2014幎ãœããªãªã³ããã¯ä»¥éã衚地åŒã§æµãããåã代(æŒå¥:èªå£²æ¥æ¬äº€é¿æ¥œå£)ã1å20ç§ã«åã¶ã¹ããŒãã³ããšãªã£ãããããã¯2012幎é ãåœéãªãªã³ããã¯å§å¡äŒ(IOC)ãåœææ²æã®ãšãã«çµ±äžæãåºãããã«ãšãæŒå¥æéã60 - 90ç§ã«åããåœæé³æºãæåºããããæç€ºããããšã«å¯Ÿããæ¥æ¬ãªãªã³ããã¯å§å¡äŒ(JOC)ãå¿ããããšã«ãããšããããããã2016幎ãªãªããžã£ãã€ããªãªã³ããã¯ã®éã«éžæããã(é·ããŠ)æãã¥ããã£ãããšäžæºãåºãããšãªã©ããã2018幎平æãªãªã³ããã¯ãŸã§ã«é³æºãå·®ãæ¿ãããã1å4ç§ã®é·ãã«å€æŽãããã
äœæ²å®¶ã®åäŒçç£šã¯æ©å¹Žã«ãåœæã®å¿
èŠæ¡ä»¶ãšããŠãçãäºããšã¹ããã¯ã§ããäºã奜æŠçã§ãªãäºã®3æ¡ä»¶ãæããã€ã®ãªã¹åœæããã€ãåœæããåã代ãã®3ã€ãçœçã§ãããšè©ããããªãããåã代ãã«ã€ããŠã¯åæã«ãã鳿¥œãšããŠãææ²ãšããŠã¯å€ãªæ²ã ãåœæãšããŠã¯æé©ãªæ²ã§ãããããšèšããã
äžç°åçŽãæ°Žè°·å·å¿ ä¿ãå€ãã®äœæ²å®¶ãããæè©ãšæåŸãäžèŽããŠããªãããšãææãããŠããã詳ããã¯äžç°åçŽ#人ç©ãåç
§
2018幎ã«è±åœã®ãã¬ã°ã©ãçŽããå幎ã®ãµãã«ãŒã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããåºå Ž32ãåœã®åœæã©ã³ãã³ã°ãçºè¡šããå ã
ãšãæŽç·Žããããåæ
çããšããŠ14äœãšããŠããã
ä¹å·çæèª¬ãå±ããå€ç°æŠåœŠã¯èªãéªéЬ壹åœã®é åãšæšå®ããŠãã糞島åå³¶ãè¿é£ã®å倿¹Ÿäžåž¯ã®ãã£ãŒã«ã調æ»ããæ¬¡ã®ãããªãäºå®ããææããŠããã
ããã¯ã ãããã㯠æåã®ã¿ãµããã ãã€ãããã身骞ã«åœ åæ³ãšãã
è±ãã å²ããã æ²ã®åŸ¡æŽ¥ã®æ±æ©ã«ã¯ããããé£å°Ÿã«ããããã é¯ã¯æ²ã®ãããã ãã»ã
å¿è³ã®æµ é·ããèŠã㰠幟äžçµããªã éŠæ€è·¯ã«åããããã®å¹äžã®æµ å代ã«å
«å代ãŸã§
ä»å®µå€åã«ã€ã絊ã 埡è¹ãã ãã埡è¹ããããã ããã¯ã ããããã¯ é¿æã®åã®ãã絊ã 埡è¹ã«ãªãããã
äžèšã®äºããããåã代ãã®èªçå°ã¯ã糞島ã»å倿¹Ÿå²žã§ãããåã代ãã«æããããåããšã¯ç宀ã§ã¯ãªãå±±èªãç¥ç¥æ¥œæã«ããã宿ã®åã(é¿æç£¯è¯)ãããã¯å¥åãç玫ã®åã(ä¹å·çæã®åäž»)ãšæšå®ã
ãªããã倪平èšãã«ã¯ããåã代ããå¥çŽãããå±±èªãç¥ã®ç¥æ¥œãšãé¢ä¿ãããé¿æç£¯è¯(é¿åºŠéš(ãã©ã¹)ã®ç£¯è¯)ã®åºçŸã«ã€ããŠä»¥äžã®ããã«èšè¿°ãååšããã
ãå€ä»åæéãåèŒãæãå㯠å代ã«å
«å代㫠ãããç³ã® å·ãšãªã㊠èã®ãããŸã§ãã¯ãèªäººç¥ããããšãããŠããããå®éã®è© ã¿äººã¯æåŸ³å€©çã®ç¬¬äžçåæå¬èŠªçã«ä»ããŠãããšããæšå°åž«ã ã£ããšãã説ããããããã«ããã°ãåœæã¯äœãäœãã£ãããã«ãèªäººç¥ããããšããŠæ±ããããããã®è©ãæå»·ã«èªããããããšãããè©ã®çæ³å
ãšãªã£ããããç³ã«ã¡ãªã¿ãè€åæè£ç³äœå·Šè¡éãã®åãè³ãããšãšãªã£ããšãããã®ã§ããã
ãŸããäžè¿°ã®å ¯æºãå€ä»åæéé°åäœè
次第ãã§ã¯ããã®æã®è© ã¿äººã¯æ©æž
åã§ã¯ãªãããšããŠããã
1985幎(æå60幎)2æ26æ¥ã®é£è°ã§æŸæ°žå
æéšå€§è£ã¯æéšçã®èª¿æ»ã§ãåã代ãã«ã¯3çªãŸã§æè©ããããšå ±åããŠãããããã«ããã°ã
åã代
ã§ããããã®ãã¡äºçªã¯æºé Œæ¿ã®ããã æãäžçªã¯å
å倩çã®å€§åç¥ã«å¥ãããæã§ããã
ãåã代ãã¯çŸåšã«è³ããŸã§å¹
åºãèå人ã«ãã£ãŠæå±ã»æŒå¥ãããŠããã ãã€ãŠã®æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ã¹ããŒãã®éå¹ãªã©ã§åãä»£ã®æŒå¥ãç¬å±ãè¡ãããæ©äŒãå°ãªãã£ãããTUBEã®åç°äºèŒã1993幎5æ15æ¥ã«JãªãŒã°é广Šã§æ«é²ããé ããå®çãå§ããèå人ã«ããç¬å¥ãæŒå¥ã®æ©äŒãå¢å ããŠããã
ãŸããåãä»£ã®æŒå¥ã鳿¥œåªäœçã«åé²ããŠçºå£²ããäŸãšããŠä»¥äžãæããããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E3%81%8C%E4%BB%A3
|
6,089 |
æ¥æ¬ã®éè¡äžèЧ
|
æ¥æ¬ã®éè¡äžèЧ(ã«ã»ãã®ãããããã¡ãã)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬åœå
ã«æ¬åºã»å𿥿¯åºã眮ãéè¡ãäžèЧã«ãããã®ã§ããã
ãªããäžèšã®ã«ããŽãªããŒãžã«ãããŠãååé¡å¥ã®éè¡äžèЧãåç
§ã§ããã
éå»ã«ååšããéè¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãäžèšã®ã«ããŽãªããŒãžãåç
§ã
â» éè¡åã®åã®æ°åã¯ããçµ±äžéèæ©é¢ã³ãŒããããã ãæ¬èšäºã®æ£ç¢ºæ§ãä¿èšŒãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããååŒã«å©çšããéã«ã¯å¿
ãéèæ©é¢ã«ãŠç¢ºèªããããã
2000幎ã®ãžã£ãã³ãããéè¡ä»¥åŸãæ°èŠã«èšç«ãããéè¡ãäœããã®ç¹å®æ¥åã«ç¹åããŠããã
倪åã®ä¿¡èšéè¡ã¯ãããããªããŒã«ç³»ä¿¡èš(äºå®ãå«ãã)
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7
|
6,090 |
ãšã«ã (ãã©ã³ã)
|
ãšã«ã(ä»: élf)åã³æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãšã«ãã¯ããã€ãŠååšããæ±äº¬éœäžéåºã«æ ç¹ã眮ããŠããã¢ãã«ãã²ãŒã ãã©ã³ãåã³å¶äœäŒç€Ÿã§ããã
代衚äœã¯ããã©ãŽã³ãã€ããã·ãªãŒãºããåçŽçãã·ãªãŒãºããäžçŽçãã·ãªãŒãºããäŒé å®¶ãã·ãªãŒãºãªã©ã
1989幎4æã«ãæéäŒç€Ÿãã©ã©(çŸã»æ ªåŒäŒç€ŸF&C)ã®ãã©ã³ãã»ãã§ã¢ãªãŒããŒã«ããã·ããªãªã®èç°æäººãåç»ã®é¿æ¯ç壜浩ãããã°ã©ãã®éå°Ÿæ·³ãç¬ç«ãã圢ãšãªããæ±äº¬éœäžç°è°·åºã§åµæ¥ããããã ãããã©ã³ããšããŠã¯ãã以åããæŽ»åããŠãããããã¥ãŒäœã®ããããã!ã·ã£ãã¿ãŒãã£ã³ã¹!!ãã¯1988幎12æã«çºå£²ãããŠããããã©ã³ãåã®ç±æ¥ã¯åŠç²Ÿã®ãšã«ãããã忥ä»ç€Ÿãšæ¯ã¹ãŠæ®æŽãã©ãªãºã ã«åãå
¥ããäœåãéåžžã«å€ããããã¿ã«ããããããšå«ã¶ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãæããã¹ã±ããªäž»äººå
¬ãçŸåœ¢ã ãå«å³ãªéæã¡åŸ¡æ¹åžã®ã©ã€ãã«ãã£ã©ãªã©ãé »ç¹ã«ç»å Žããããšãã£ãç¹åŸŽãããã
ããã©ãŽã³ãã€ããã§ãžã£ã³ã«ã«åãããªãäœé¢šãšãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã®æµéºãã§æ¥çå€ãããæ³šç®ãåããããåçŽçãã®å€§ãããã§æ¥çãããã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãã©ã³ããšãªããåœæã¯ãæ±ã®ãšã«ãã西ã®ã¢ãªã¹ããšè¬³ãããã1992幎ã«ã¯å§åйãã©ã³ãã®ã·ã«ããŒãº (SILKY'S) ãçºè¶³ãããšã«ããšã¯ããæ¯è²ã®ç°ãªãäœåãæ¬¡ã
ãšçºè¡šããŠããã
ãåçŽçã以éãç«¹äºæ£æš¹ã暪ç°å®ãšãã£ãã¢ãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒçµéšè
ãéäºäºç¢ããªã©å€æ³šåç»å®¶æåã«ããæŽ»èºã®å Žã倱ã£ãé¿æ¯çã¯é瀟ãããã³ã¯ãèµ·ã¡äžããããŸããæšªç°ããéºäœããæåŸã«è¢ãåãã¡ãTeriosãçºè¶³ãããã
åææãã·ãŒãºãŠã§ã¢ã§ãDESIREãããEVE burst errorããçºè¡šãã人æ°ãåŸãŠããå£ä¹ããã²ã(è
éã²ããã)ãå
éšã¹ã¿ãããšããŠæèŽããåç· åœ¹ã«è¿ãããå£ä¹ã«ããããã®äžã®æãŠã§æãåãå°å¥³YU-NOãããŸãããŠãŒã¶ãŒããã®è©äŸ¡ã売äžã§å
±ã«å€§ããªå®çžŸãæ®ããã
1990幎代åŸåã«ã¯ãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹èš±è«Ÿã®åœ¢ã§ã³ã³ã·ã¥ãŒãåžå Žã«åå
¥ãNECã¢ããã¥ãŒããã³ãã¬ã¹ããªã©ã«ããç§»æ€ãããä»£è¡šäœæ°æ¬ã¯ãèšçŽ40äžæ¬ã売ãäžããããŸãã2006幎ã«ã¯ããã³ãã¬ã¹ãããiã¢ãŒãçšã®ã²ãŒã ã¢ããªããšã«ããªãŒã«ã¹ã¿ãŒéãããªãªãŒã¹ãããã
ãŸãã18æ³æªæºè³Œå
¥çŠæ¢ã®å¶éæ (18çŠæ )ãèšããŠã¢ãã«ãã²ãŒã ããã®ç§»æ€ã容èªããæ¹éã瀺ããã»ã¬ãµã¿ãŒã³(以éããSSããšèšè¿°)ãžã¯èªç€Ÿç§»æ€ã®åœ¢ã§ãåå
¥ããããã®çºå£²äœåã®å€ããããŸãéã眮ããã«ã»ãŒåãå
容ã®Windows 95çãçºå£²ãããŠããããšãããéç§»æ€ãåå
¥åœåããèŠéã«å
¥ãããã®ã ã£ãããšã窺ãããåŸã«ã»ã¬ã18çŠæ ãæ€å»ããæãå¢ã«ãSSãžã®èªç€Ÿç§»æ€ããã¯æ€éããã
å£ä¹ã¯è«žäºæ
ããããã®äžã®æãŠã§æãåãå°å¥³YU-NOãã®SSãžã®èªç€Ÿç§»æ€å®äºãåŸ
ããã«é瀟ããã³ããŒã ãè
éã²ãããã«æ»ããŠæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã¢ãŒãã«ãèµ·ã¡äžããŠããã
2000幎å€ã«ã¯ãçæ¿ãœããã®ã»ãšãã©ããã£ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããŠããèç°ã代衚åç· åœ¹ã®åº§ãäžç°ç¯€ã«è²ã£ãŠåŒéããªãããšã«ãèšç«åœåããèç°ã¯3æ12幎ã§éä»»ããäºå®ã ã£ããšããã
以åŸã¯äŒç»ãéçºã®äžå¿ããå€éšã©ã€ã¿ãŒãšã®ã³ã©ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ç§»è¡ããŠããããšãšãªãã
éå»ã«è²©å£²ããäœåã®ãªã¡ã€ã¯ãææ°ã®OSãžã®ç§»æ€ã«ãåãçµãã§ããã2004幎ãã2007幎ã«ãããŠãWORDS WORTHãããSHANGRLIAããããã©ãŽã³ãã€ã4ããªã©ããªã¡ã€ã¯ãããŠããã2008幎ããã¯ãDMMã«ããéå»äœã®ããŠã³ããŒã販売ã宿œãããåçŽçãããäžçŽçããªã©ã®DOSæä»£ãªãªãžãã«ã®åŸ©å»çãçºå£²ãããŠããã
2006å¹Žã«æ°ãã©ã³ããBANANA Shu-Shuããèšç«ããå幎8æ25æ¥ã«ãããŸã㟠ããšãªãã®åœŒå¥³ã¯å£°åªã®ããŸããããŸããŸçãŸããæã®ããŸãã...ããçºå£²ãããåãã©ã³ãã¯2008幎1æ31æ¥ã«è§£æ£ããŠããã
2008幎以éã®äœåã¯ãå倩奿µ·ã®ã·ããªãªã«ããå¯åãã»å¯åããç©ãäžå¿ãšãªã£ãã
2014幎1æãããã®äžã®æãŠã§æãåãå°å¥³YU-NOãã®æš©å©ãMAGES.ãžè²æž¡ã
2014幎6æã«ã¯ãã·ã«ããŒãºã®ãæå§åйIV æãããŠæ°æã¡è¯ãã£ããªããŠèšããªãããæåŸã«ãšã«ããšã·ã«ããŒãºã®ã¹ã¿ããã»ãŒå
šå¡ãç¬ç«ããã·ã«ããŒãºãã©ã¹ãèšç«ããã
2016幎3æ1æ¥ãåææ«æ¥ããã£ãŠå
¬åŒãµã€ããééããæšãçºè¡šãã4æ1æ¥ä»ã§ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãµããŒããšåãåããã®ããŒãžãæ®ããŠãµã€ããééãããããã以éããåçŽçããããã©ãŽã³ãã€ãããªã©ã®ã·ãªãŒãºã¿ã€ãã«ãåŒãç¶ãã æ°äœããåçŽçãAnother Worldãããããã©ãŽã³ãã€ã5ãçãããã«é¢ä¿ãããã©ãŠã¶ã²ãŒã ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãDMM GAMESãæš©å©ãæããŠããã
2017幎3æ1æ¥ãå幎3æ25æ¥ã以ãŠãŠãŒã¶ãŒãµããŒããšåãåããã®ããŒãžãçµäºãããšçºè¡šãã3æ25æ¥ã«å
¬åŒãµã€ããå®å
šã«ééããã
ãšã«ãã»ã·ã«ããŒãºã®å€ãã®äœåã®è²©å£²ã¯ãDMM GAMESã«ããç¶ç¶ãããŠããããã ããMAGES.ã«è²æž¡ãããŠããããã®äžã®æãŠã§æãåãå°å¥³YU-NOããªã©æš©å©ãDMM以å€ãä¿æããŠããç©ã¯DMMã§ã¯è²©å£²ãããŠããªãã
â»å°ã¯æäººåããšå±éšã«ä¿®æ£ãå
¥ãããªã©ããäžè¬åãã®2çš®é¡ãçºå£²ãããã
æ¬åŒ§å
ã¯èš±è«Ÿå
ã
倿³šãšããŠåå ãã人ç©ãé瀟ãã人ç©ãå«ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95_(%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)
|
6,092 |
宿æé
|
宿æé()ãšã¯ã平宿代ã空海ãã¯ãããšããçåŠå§ãã«ããã坿ã®äžåéãšããŠæ¥æ¬ãžããããããå æè¡ã®äžçš®ãå¯æå æè¡ã宿æå æè¡ãªã©ãšãããã
ãã®å
容ã¯ãã€ã³ãå æè¡(ã®ãªã·ã£ç±æ¥ã®è¥¿æŽå æè¡ãšã€ã³ã倿¥ã®æå æè¡ãç¿åãç¬èªã«çºå±ãããã®)ãéæç±æ¥ã®å€©äœç¥ä¿¡ä»°ãé°éœäºè¡èª¬çãç¿åããéå€ãªãã®ã§ãããåºæ¬çã«ãåæäžæã»ä¹æã»åäºå®®ã»äºåäžå®¿ãŸãã¯äºåå
«å®¿ãªã©ã®å€©äœã®åããäžæã®ææ¥ã®å·¡ãã«ãã£ãŠãã®çŽæ¥ãå®ãããããå¶ã§ãã£ãå Žåã¯ããã®æã®ç¥ã
ãç¥ãäºã«ãã£ãŠéå¢ã奜転ãããããšããã
æäŸã®æå
žã¯ãã宿æçµãã»ã梵倩ç«çŸ
乿ãã»ãäžææèŸ°å¥è¡æ³ããªã©ã§ãããäžä¹ç§å®¿ãšããç¬ç¹ã®ææ³ãããããããç°¡ç¥åãããã®ããäžè¬ã«ã宿æå æè¡ããšããŠæµåžããŠããã
坿ã§ã¯ãé åã»ä¿®æ³ã»çé ãªã©ãè¡ãéã«ã¯åæ¥è¯èŸ°ãéžã¶ããšãšãããŠãããäžè¡ã®ã倧æ¥çµçãã§ã¯ã忥è¯èŸ°ã®éžå®ã¯é¿é梚ã®è³è³ªãåããã倧åãªäœæ¥ãšãããŠããã
ãã®ããã«ã空海ã»åä»ã»åçããã宿æçµããæ¥æ¬ã«è«æ¥ããä»èŠ³ãæ·±ãç ç©¶ããã957幎(倩埳å
幎)ãæ¥å»¶ãåè¶ãã笊倩æŠãæã¡åž°ã£ãããšã«ãããã®ç ç©¶ãçãã«ãªããæ³èµãå¿åå
幎(963幎)ã«æã®æäžå€©çã®åŸ¡æ¬åœäŸã®ææ¥ãå·¡ã£ãŠé°éœéã®è³èä¿æ²ãšè«äºãè¡ã£ãŠããããã®ææã«æ¥æ¬ã®å®¿æéã確ç«ãããšèŠãããŠããããªãããäºäžæŽãã§ã¯æ³èµããã£ãŠæ¥æ¬ã®å®¿æéã®ç¥ãšããŠãããããããçµç·¯ãã宿æåž«ã¯å¯æå§ã§ããäŸãå€ããèªçææ¥ãªã©ãå
ã«ããŠæå ããè¡ã£ãŠãã®çµæãèšããã宿æåæããäœæããããé·åŸ³å
幎(995幎)ã«ã¯ãèçŠå¯ºã®ä»å®ã«å¯ŸããŠæŠéãšå
±åã§æŠãäœæããããã«ãšãããé æŠå®£æšããäžãããŠãã(èçŠå¯ºã¯æ³çžå®ã§ãããããã®æä»£ã«ã¯çèšå®ãšã®é¢ä¿ã匷ãã£ããšããã)ããã ããé·æŠ2幎(1038幎)ã«æŠéãšå®¿æéãšã®å
šé¢å¯Ÿç«ã«ãã宿æéåŽãé æŠããæ€éããŠãããã以åŸãæ¥é£ã»æé£ã®çºçæ¥æã倧æã»å°æãéæãå·¡ã£ãŠæŠéãšæ¿ããäºã£ãããŸãã宿æåæãªã©ãæäŸã»ç¥äŸãªã©ã®ç¥ç¥·ã®å¥ä»ãéããŠæš©åè
ãšçµã³ã€ããŠãæ³é寺ã西倧寺ãªã©ã®å¥åœã«ä»»åœãããè
ããããå¹³å®æä»£åŸæã«ã¯èœç®ã»æç®ç¶åãæŽ»èºããŠçœæ²³å€©çãæé¢å®¶ã«ä»ããç¶ãå¹³å®æä»£æ«æã«ã¯å€©å°å®ã®æµããæ±²ãçè³ãšèçŠå¯ºåã³çèšå®ã®æµããæ±²ãæ
¶ç®ãšãã2åã®åªãã宿æåž«ãåºçŸããŠäºãã«æè¡ã磚ããªããæš©åè
ãšé£æºããŠå¢åãäºããäžæã»é人ã«ãã£ãŠæµæŽŸã圢æãããçšã§ãã£ããã ããå忿代以åŸã®è²Žæç€ŸäŒã®è¡°éãšãšãã«å®¿æéãæ²¡èœã®éã蟿ããé·å¯3幎(1165幎)ã«çè³ãåµå»ºããŠå®¿æéã®æ ç¹ãšãªã£ãåæéèšé¢ãå¿æ°ž24幎(1417幎)ã«çŒå€±ãããšãä»¥åŸæŽå²ããå§¿ãæ¶ãããšãšãªãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E9%81%93
|
6,093 |
第äžåççµè·¯ç©ååååååŠæ³
|
第äžåççµè·¯ç©ååååååŠæ³(ãè±: First-principles path-integral molecular dynamics method)ãšã¯ãçµè·¯ç©åææ³ãšç¬¬äžåçåååååŠæ³ãšããèå(çµ±å)ããææ³ã
æ°ŽçŽ ã®ãããªéåžžã«è»œãå
çŽ ã¯ãååæ ž(ãã®å Žåã¯ãããã³ãã€ãŸãéœåã®ããš)èªèº«ãæã€éå广ãç¡èŠã§ããªãå ŽåãåºãŠããããã®éå广ãèšè¿°ããããã«çµè·¯ç©åæ³ãçšãããé©çšãããã®ã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ã®ãããªè»œå
çŽ ä»¥å€ã«ãåºäœå
ã§ã®ãã¥ãŒãªã³ã®æåãªã©ãèšè¿°ããå Žåã«ãçšããããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E7%B5%8C%E8%B7%AF%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E6%B3%95
|
6,095 |
éºäŒ
|
éºäŒ(ãã§ããè±: heredity)ã¯ãçæ®ã«ãã£ãŠã芪ããåãžãšåœ¢è³ªãäŒããçŸè±¡ã®ããšã§ãããçç©ã®åºæ¬çãªæ§è³ªã®äžã€ã§ãããçŽ æŽãªæå³ã§ã¯ã芪åã«äŒŒéã£ãç¹ãããã°ããéºäŒã«ãããã®ã ãããšããèšãæ¹ãããããããçåœçŸè±¡ãšããŠã®éºäŒã¯ãåŸå€©çãªæ¯åææã«ããçŸæ£ããéç©è³ªçæ
å ±äŒé(åŠç¿ãªã©)ã«ããè¡åã®é¡äŒŒåãªã©ãå«ãŸãªãã
éºäŒçŸè±¡ã¯ã人éã®èŠªåé¢ä¿ãæ œå¹æ€ç©ãå®¶çããããã®è²çš®ãªã©ãéããŠæèããããã®ãããªäžã§ãåã«ãã¹ãŠã®åœ¢è³ªã芪ããåã«äŒãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããäŒããã«ãã圢質ããäœäžä»£ãããããŠåºçŸãã圢質ãããããšãªã©ãããŸããŸãªäžæè°ãªç¹ãããããšãæèãããããã«ãªããç§åŠçãªè§£æãå§ããããããŸããåçš®æ¹è¯ãªã©ã«ãããŠã¯ãçµéšåã®äžã§é²ããããŠãããã®ã«ãã¯ã£ããããçå±ãäžããããã°ãããã«çºå±ãèŠèŸŒããããšãªã©ãå®çšçå¿
èŠæ§ããã£ããããããäžããéºäŒåŠãçºå±ããŠãããã®ã§ããã
ã°ã¬ãŽãŒã«ã»ãšãã³ã»ã¡ã³ãã«ã«ããéºäŒæ³åã®çºèŠã«ãã£ãŠéºäŒåã®ååšã瀺åããããåŸã«æè²äœããã®æ
äœã§ãããåšçްèãžåé
ãããããšã«ããéºäŒæ
å ±ãäŒããããšã瀺ããããã€ãŸã现èã®æ žãéºäŒåãæããŠçްèãçµ±æ¬ãããæ žä»¥å€ã«ååšããéºäŒå åã«ããçŸè±¡ã现è質éºäŒãšããã
çŸåšã§ã¯éºäŒåã¯æ žé
ž(DNAãããã¯RNA)ã®æ©èœçåäœã瀺ããã®ãšããŠäºå®äžå®çŸ©ãããããã®ãããéºäŒåâ éºäŒæ
å ± ã§ããããšã«ã¯æ³šæãå¿
èŠã§ãããéºäŒåã¯ãããŸã§éºäŒæ
å ±ã®æ°ããæ
äœã®äžã€ãã§ãã(2015çŸåšã®çŸä»£ç§åŠã«ãããŠã¯ãã®äžã§ãæéèŠã®æ
äœã§ã¯ããããšã¯èããããŠãã)ãéºäŒåã§ã¯ãªãéºäŒæ
å ±ã®æ
äœãšããŠã¯ãããªãªã³ããŠã€ãã€ããªã©ãåããæãäŸãšããŠãããããã§ãããã
å®éãè¿å¹Žã®åŠçåãã®çç©åŠãå
¥éæžãªã©ã§ã¯ãååçç©åŠçãªç ç©¶ã®é²å±ã«ãããã£ãŠãéºäŒã«ã€ããŠéºäŒåãçšããååã¬ãã«ã®è§£èª¬ãäžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠãããã ããåŠåçã«å³å¯ã«èšãã°ãéºäŒå以å€ã®èŠçŽ ã«ãã£ãŠèµ·ããã芪åéã®äœããã®æ§è³ªã®ç¶æ¿ããç ç©¶è
éã§ã¯æ±ãããããšãããã®ã§ãããäžã«æããããªãªã³ããŠã€ãã€ã以å€ã«ããäŸãã°æ¯äœãæã€çްèãçŽæ¥ã«åãžãšç§»ããã¡ã©çŸè±¡(ããã€ã¯ããã¡ãªãºã )ããŸãããããªãã«ç ç©¶ãããŠãããã€ãŸããéºäŒã®å®çžãšããã®ã¯ãå¿
ãããå
¥éè
åãã®æç§æžã§æãããéºäŒåããã¿ã®èª¬æã ãã§çµãããããªåçŽãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããããå°ãè€éãªé¢ãããããšããããšããã§ã«æããã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ãã(ãšããžã§ããã£ãã¯çŸè±¡ãåç
§)ã
ãªãéºäŒã¯ã芪ãšåäžã®åœ¢ã®åäŸãäœãåãã§ãããã仿¹ãçç©ã¯é·ã幎æã®äžã§ã¯ã次第ã«ãã®å§¿ãå€åãããããã®å€åããé²åããšåŒã¶ããã®äž¡è
ãã€ãŸããåäžæ§ããšãå€åãã¯äžèŠççŸãããããã«èª¬æãäžããããšããã®ãé²åè«ã§ãããçç©ã®åœ¢è³ªã®å€åã«é¢ããŠã¯ãå€ãã®äººã
ãæ§ã
ãªçè«ãæå±ããŠããæŽå²ããããã©ãã«ã¯ã¯ãçšäžçšèª¬ãå±ãããã£ãŒã«ãºã»ããŒãŠã£ã³ã¯ãã®çšäžçšèª¬ãæ¯æãã€ã€ããèªèª¬ã®èª¬æã®ããã«éºäŒã®ç ç©¶ã®å¿
èŠãæããããã®éºäŒãç ç©¶ãããããŒãŠã£ã³ã¯éºäŒã®ããã¿ã«é¢ãã説ãšããŠãã³ã²ã³èª¬ãå±ããããåŸã«ããã¯åŠå®ãããããšã«ãªã£ãã
ã©ãã«ã¯ã«ãã£ãŠæå±ãããç²åŸåœ¢è³ªã«é¢ããŠãååçç©åŠã®ç ç©¶çµæããæ°ããªäºå®ãæããã«ãªã£ãã2014幎ãã¹ã€ã¹ã®ãã¥ãŒãªãã倧åŠã®Isabelle M. Mansuyãã¯ãéºäŒåçºçŸãå¶åŸ¡ããŠãããã€ã¯ãRNAãšåŒã°ããå°ããªæ žé
žååããéºäŒã«æ·±ãé¢äžããŠããããšãçºèŠããã圌女ãã¯ãéã®ããŠã¹ã«é床ãªã¹ãã¬ã¹ãäžããããšã§ããã®ããŠã¹ã®ãã€ã¯ãRNAã®çºçŸéãä¹±ããããã®çµæããã€ã¯ãRNAã®çºçŸéã®ä¹±ãããããŠã¹ã¯ç°åžžè¡åã瀺ãããã«ãªã£ãããã®ããŠã¹ãéã®ããŠã¹ãšäº€é
ãããåããŠã¹ãçãŸãããé©ãã¹ãããšã«ããã®åããŠã¹ã¯ç¶èŠªããŠã¹ãšåæ§ã«ç°åžžè¡åã瀺ãããã€ãŸããç¶èŠªããŠã¹ã®ç²Ÿåäžã«ååšããŠããç°åžžãªçºçŸéã®ãã€ã¯ãRNAãåããŠã¹ã«äŒãããç°åžžãªåããŠã¹ãèªçããããã®ããšãããç¶èŠªããŠã¹ãç²åŸãã圢質ãããã€ã¯ãRNAãä»ããŠåã«äŒãã£ããšããããããã«ããã®çŸè±¡ã¯å«ããŠã¹ã«ã芳å¯ãããããããã®äºå®ããããããŸã§éºäŒã«ã€ããŠã¯DNAãäžå¿ã§ãããšèããããŠããç¶èŠªã®çµéšããç²åŸåœ¢è³ªãåäŸãå«ã«äŒãããªããšãããŠãããããã€ã¯ãRNAãéããŠç¶èŠªã®çµéšã¯åå«ã«äŒããããšãæããã«ãªã£ããã€ãŸãããã®ããšã¯ã©ãã«ã¯ã®çšäžçšèª¬ãåŒ·ãæ¯æããæ ¹æ ãšãªãåŸããDNAã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E4%BC%9D
|
6,096 |
ãããªããŒãã¬ã³ãŒã
|
ãããªããŒãã¬ã³ãŒããŒ(è±: video tape recorderãVTR)ãšã¯æ åä¿¡å·(ãããªä¿¡å·)ãèšé²ããããŒãã¬ã³ãŒããŒã§ãããã¢ã³ããã¯ã¹(AMPEX)瀟ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã§åæšãšããŠçšããããšãå®¶åºã«æ®åããã®ã¯ã«ã»ããããŒãåã ã£ãããšãããå®¶åºçšã®ãããªããããªã©ã®åŒç§°ãšããŠã¯VCRãšè¡šèšãããããšãããã
ãããªããŒãã¬ã³ãŒãã®æŽå²ã¯å
šè¬ã«ããã£ãŠãããªããŒããžã®èšé²ã®æŽå²ã§ãããã¢ã³ããã¯ã¹ãæåã«åæ¥çã«æåãããããªããŒãã¬ã³ãŒãã§ããAmpex VRX-1000ã1956幎ã«çºå£²ãããããã¯2" Quadruplex ãã©ãŒãããã§2ã€ã³ã(5.1cm)å¹
ã®ããŒãã䜿çšããŠãããäŸ¡æ Œã¯åœæ50,000ãã«ã§å°å
¥ã¯å€§èŠæš¡ã®ãã¬ãå±ã倧ããªè£œäœäŒç€Ÿã«éãããã1963幎ããã£ãªããã¹ãããžãã¹åã³å®¶åºãŠãŒã¶ãŒåãã«EL3400 1"ããªã«ã«ã¹ãã£ã³ã¬ã³ãŒããããœããŒãæåã®ãªãŒãã³ãªãŒã«åŒVTRã§ããPV-100ãããžãã¹ã»å»çã»èªç©ºæ¥çã»æè²çšã«çºå£²ãããåœæã®äŸ¡æ Œã¯12,000ãã«ã§ã察米åãäž»äœããã©ã³ãžã¹ã¿åã«ããæŸéçšã®50åã®1ã®å®¹ç©ã«ãããããã¯åŸæ¥ã®5åã®1000æéã«èããããã«ããã¹ãã«(鿢)æ©èœãæèŒããããœããŒã®CV-2000ã¯1965幎4æã«äŸ¡æ Œ19äž8000åãšããåœæãšããŠã¯é©ç°çãªå®ãã§å£²ãåºãããäžçæåã®å®¶åºåããšããŠçºå£²ããããããªãããã§ãéé15kgãæ¶è²»é»åã¯60wã ã£ããã¢ã³ããã¯ã¹ãšRCAã¯1965幎ãç¬èªä»æ§ã®ãªãŒãã³ãªãŒã«åŒã¢ãã¯ãVTRã1,000ãã«ä»¥äžã§å®¶åºçšåžå Žã«ç¶ããã
亀æåŒãããªã«ã»ããã®éçºã¯ç¶ãæ¶è²»è
åãã§ã¯ãªãŒãã³ãªãŒã«åŒã眮ãæããã4ãã©ãã¯ãªãŒãã£ãªã«ãŒããªããžã1962幎ãã³ã³ãã¯ãã«ã»ãããšã€ã³ã¹ã¿ãããã¯ãã£ã«ã ã«ãŒããªããžã1963幎ã8ãã©ãã¯ã1965幎ããããŠSuper 8ãå®¶åºçšæ ç»ã«ãŒããªããžãšããŠ1966幎ã«çºå£²ãããã
Uãããã¯ã¯ãäžçåã®åæ¥çšãããªã«ã»ãããã©ãŒãããã§ããã1969幎10æããœããŒããããªã«ã»ããã®è©Šäœæ©ãçºè¡šã1970幎3æã«ãœããŒã»æŸäžé»åšç£æ¥ã»æ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒãšæµ·å€ã¡ãŒã«ãŒ5瀟ã«ããUèŠæ ŒãšããŠèŠæ Œçµ±äžãåæãããçç£ãéå§ããããUãããã¯ã¯1971幎9ææ±äº¬ã§çºè¡šã®ã®ã¡ãæ£åŒã«è²©å£²ãéå§ãããã
ã«ãŒããªããžã¯åŸã®VHSã«ã»ãããã倧ãã䌌ãŠããã3/4ã€ã³ã(1.9cm)å¹
ã®ããŒãã䜿çšããŠæå€§60ååçã§ããåŸã«ã¯90åã«æ¡å€§ãããããœããŒã¯åæ§ã«æ°ããããŒãã䜿çšããVP-1100 ãããªã«ã»ãããã¬ã€ã€ãŒãšãVO-1700 ãããªã«ã»ããã¬ã³ãŒããŒãçºå£²ããã
Uãããã¯ã¯ãã®äœ¿ããããã«ãããæ¥æ¬ãšåç±³ã«ãããŠãã¡ãŸã¡ä»ã®ãããªã·ã¹ãã ãæä»£é
ãã«ãããã¬ãã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ãåŠæ ¡ã忥ã«ãããŠå¹
åºã䜿çšããããã倿®µã¯TV/VTRäžåŒã§1,395ãã«(2005幎ã®äŸ¡å€ã«æç®ããŠ6,362ãã«)ã§å®¶åºçšãšããŠã¯é«äŸ¡ãããå人ã§ã®ææã¯èžèœé¢ä¿è
ãªã©ã«éãããã
1970幎ããã£ãªããã¹ã¯å®¶åºçšãããªã«ã»ãããã©ãŒããããéçºãããçŽããããããã£ãªããã¹ã¯ãã®ãã©ãŒãããããVCRããšåã¥ããããã®ãããåŸã«æåã®ã¬ã³ãŒãã®æ©çš®çªå·ã§ãããN1500ããšåŒã°ããŠããã
å瀟ã¯ãã©ãŒãããã®éçºã«ããã£ãŠã°ã«ã³ãã£ãããšã¬ãŒãã®æ¯æŽãåããæ£æ¹åœ¢ã®ã«ãŒããªããžãšåã€ã³ã(1.3cm)å¹
ã®ããŒãã䜿çšããŠå軞ãªãŒã«ã«ããŠã³ãããåœ¢ãæ¡çšãããèšé²æéã¯1æéã ã£ãã
æåã®æ©çš®ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã§1972幎ã«è²©å£²ãããå転ãã€ã€ã«åŒã®ã¿ã€ããŒãã€ããããŠããã600ãã³ã(2,087ãã«ãæ¥æ¬åã§ã¯åœæã®ã¬ãŒã(1ãã«=308å)ã§çŽ64äžå)è¿ãäŸ¡æ Œã¯é«ãããŠå®¶åºçšãšããŠã¯å€±æãããããžã¿ã«ã¿ã€ããŒåŒã®N1502ã1975幎ã«ç¶ããã1977幎ã«ã¯åãããŒãã§é·æéåçå¯èœãªæ°åã§äºææ§ãæã€VCR-LPãããã¯N1700ãçºå£²ãããåŠæ ¡ã倧åŠåãã«è²©å£²ãããã
Avcoã®ã«ãŒããªããžã§ã³ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãTVã»ãã(ãã¬ãååæ©)ãšVCRãçµã¿åãããè£
眮ã§ã1972幎ãã«ãŒããªããžã»ãã¬ããžã§ã³ç€Ÿã1,350ãã«ã§è²©å£²ããã
æ£æ¹åœ¢ã®ã«ãŒããªããžã§ã³ã«ã»ããã¯æ£æ¹åœ¢ã§ããã£ãªããã¹ã®VCRãã©ãŒãããã®ããã«ã2åã®2åã®1ã€ã³ãå¹
ã®ããŒããäºãã®äžã«ããŠã³ããããé²ç»æéã®äžéã¯114åã§ãã£ãã
ãã®ã·ã¹ãã ã«ãããŠã¯ã人æ°ã®ããæ ç»ãæ¢ã«é²ç»ãããããŒããã¡ãŒã«ãªãŒããŒã§åããããšãã§ããã
åæã®ãããªãããã¯å
šãŠå°äžã¢ããã°ãã¥ãŒããŒã®ã¿å
èµãBSã¢ããã°æŸééå§åŸã¯BSã¢ããã°ãã¥ãŒããŒå
èµã¢ãã«ã䜵売ãããŠãã(åæã®BSã¢ããã°å
èµæ©ã¯BSã¢ã³ãã端åãå
¥åã®ã¿ã§ãBSã¢ããã°ãã¥ãŒããŒå
èµãã¬ããšæ¥ç¶ããå Žåã¯åé
åšãå¿
èŠã ã£ãããã®ã¡ã«BS-IFåºå端åãæšæºè£
åãããã®ã§åé
åšã¯äžèŠãšãªã£ã)ã
ããã«1992幎以é補é ã®BSã¢ããã°å
èµãããªã§ã¯ãBSã¢ããã°ãã€ããžã§ã³æŸéãç°¡æçã«èŠèŽå¯èœãªãM-Nã³ã³ããŒã¿ããæ¥ç¶ããããã®ãAFCå
¥å端åããæšæºè£
åãããŠããã(äžéšã®ã¡ãŒã«ãŒããã¯ãM-Nã³ã³ããŒã¿å
èµVTRãçºå£²ããã)ã2000幎以é補é ã®BSã¢ããã°å
èµãããªã¯AFCå
¥å端åã廿¢ãã(WOWOWèŠèŽçšBSãã³ãŒããŒãç¹ãããã®)ãæ€æ³¢&ãããã¹ããªãŒã å
¥åºå端åãã®ã¿æèŒãšãªã£ãŠãã(ã®ã¡ã«BSã¢ããã°ãã€ããžã§ã³æŸéã¯2007幎9æ30æ¥ããã£ãŠçµäº)ã
å°äžã¢ããã°ã¢ã³ãã端åã¯åæã¯VHFã»UHFå¥ã
å
¥åºå(VHF端åã¯åæãã±ãŒãã«çŽããžæ¢ãåŒã§åŸæã¯ãã©ã°åŒãUHF端åã¯ããžæ¢ãåŒ)ã ã£ããã1990幎以éçºå£²ã®æ©çš®ã¯ãã©ã°åŒVUæ··åå
¥åºåãæšæºèŠæ Œãšãªã£ãã
ãã£ã³ãã«èšå®ã®å Žåãã¢ããã°VHFãšã¢ããã°BSã®åãã£ã³ãã«ã¯å·¥å Žåºè·æã«èšå®æžã¿ãã¢ããã°UHFãã£ã³ãã«ãåæã®æ©çš®ã§ã¯1å±ãã€æåéžå±ããŠåãããŠããããå°åãæ©çš®ã«ãã£ãŠã¯èªå埮調æŽã§ã¯èª¿æŽãåããªãããšãå€ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ç®ã§æ åã芳ãªãããã€ã€ã«ããã¿ã³ã§æå調æŽããç
©ããããè§£æ¶ãããã1990幎以éè£œé æ©çš®ã§ã¯èšå®ç»é¢ãèŠãªããæ°åãæžãæããç»é¢ãæžãæããæ°åã«é£åããŠå€ããæ¹åŒãžå€æŽã1993幎以éã®æ©çš®ã§ã¯ç»é¢ã§ã®æåèšå®ã«å ããå±
äœå°ã®åžå€å±çªæãã¯åã¡ãŒã«ãŒãç¬èªã«æå®ããå±
äœå°å°åçªå·ãå
¥åãããšå±
äœå°ã§èŠèŽå¯èœãªãã£ã³ãã«ãèªåèšå®ãããæ¹åŒãç»å ŽããããªãGã³ãŒãäºçŽæ©èœæèŒæ©çš®ã®å Žåããã¬ã€ããã£ã³ãã«ããæ£ããèšå®ããªããšç®çã®ãã£ã³ãã«ã»çªçµã®Gã³ãŒãã«ããäºçŽé²ç»ãåºæ¥ãªã(NHKã¯å
šåœå
±éã§ç·åã80ãã»æè²ã90ããæ°æŸã¯ã¢ããã°èŠªå±çªå·ãã¬ã€ããã£ã³ãã«ãšããŠå²ãåœãŠãŠãã)ãå ããŠ1990幎以é補é ã®æ©çš®ã§ã¯NHKæè²ãã¬ãã®æ£å(ååŸ0æ)ã®æå ±ã«åãããŠãããªæ¬äœæèšã®ãºã¬ãèªåä¿®æ£ãããèªåæå»åãã(ãžã£ã¹ãã¯ããã¯ãâ»åã¯ãŽã£ããæèš)ãæ©èœãå ãããæå»åããæã«èªåæå»ä¿®æ£ãã£ã³ãã«ãå±
äœå°ã®NHKæè²ãã¬ãã«åããããšãã®æ©èœãåäœããããã ãå°äžããžã¿ã«ãå§ãŸã£ãŠããNHKæè²ãã¬ãã¯(ã¿ã€ã ã©ã°ãçºçããé¢ä¿ã§)æå ±æŸéã廿¢ããã®ã§ããã®ããŽã£ããæèšãæ©èœã¯çŸåšäœ¿çšäžå¯ãšãªã£ãã
BSããžã¿ã«ãéå§ããã2000幎以éãVTRåäœæ©ã«(å°äžã»BSã»110床CS)ããžã¿ã«ãã¥ãŒããŒãæèŒãããããšã¯ãªããã¢ããã°ãã¥ãŒããŒã®ã¿æèŒã®VTRåäœæ©ããã³S-VHSã»W-VHSã»D-VHSæ©ã¯2007幎é ãŸã§ã«çç£çµäºãçŸåšã¯BDã¬ã³ãŒããŒããã³DVDã¬ã³ãŒããŒã®äžã«VHSäžäœåæ©ãååšããã®ã¿ãšãªã£ãŠãã(çºå£²åœåã¯Wãã¥ãŒããŒæ©ããã£ãããçŸåšçºå£²äžã®æ©çš®ã¯å
šãŠã·ã³ã°ã«ãã¥ãŒããŒã§è£é²ããã³VHSãžã®çŽæ¥é²ç»ã¯äžå¯ããã ããSQPBãæ©èœã«ããS-VHSãœããã¯ç°¡æåçå¯ãD-VHSãœããã¯åçäžå¯)ã
ãã€ãŠã¯åã¡ãŒã«ãŒã(äžéšäžäœæ©ã«ã®ã¿)ãã¬ãååæ©ãšã®é£åé²åæ©èœ(ãã·ã¹ãã ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããã³ã³ãã¥ãªã³ã¯ããªã©)ãæèŒããŠãããç¹ã«BSã¢ããã°ãã¥ãŒããŒéæèŒæ©ãšBSã¢ããã°ãã¥ãŒããŒå
èµãã¬ããšã®çµã¿åããã§ã¯ãã¬ãåŽã®BSäºçŽæ
å ±ãæ¥ç¶ãããããªã«(ã·ã¹ãã ã³ã³ãããŒã«ã³ãŒãçµç±ã§)転éããããBSã¿ã€ããŒã³ã³ãããŒã«ãæ©èœæèŒã®æ©çš®ã販売ãããŠãããçŸåšã®é£åé²åæ©èœã¯ãIrã·ã¹ãã ããHDMIé£å(ãããšã©ãªã³ã¯ããªã©)ã䞻圹ã«ãªã£ãŠãã(ãã ããããªæ©èœã«å¯ŸããŠã®é£åé²åã¯ãIrã·ã¹ãã ãã®ã¿)ã
ãã ããããé£åé²åæ©èœã¯å
šãŠã(ååãšããŠ)é£åé²åæ©èœãæèŒããåäžã¡ãŒã«ãŒåå£«ã®æ©çš®ãã¡ãŒã«ãŒæå®ã®å°çšé£åã±ãŒãã«ã§ç¹ããªããšåäœããªããä»çµã¿ãšãªã£ãŠãããåãé£åé²åæ©èœãæããæ©çš®ã§ãçµã¿åããã¡ãŒã«ãŒãç°ãªãå Žåã¯æ£åžžã«åäœããªãã£ãã誀åäœããå Žåããããããã«Irã·ã¹ãã ããã³HDMIé£åã¯ããžã¿ã«ãã¬ããšçµã¿åããé²ç»æ©ã®ã¡ãŒã«ãŒããã³å¹ŽåŒã«ãã䜿ããæ©èœæ°ãç°ãªãã
ããžã¿ã«æŸéãå§ãŸããšé²ç»åªäœã¯åŸæ¥ã®ãããªããŒãããDVDããããŠHDDã»BDãžç§»è¡ããããèšé²åªäœã®ã»ãããããªããŒãããçã¹ããŒã¹ã§ä¿ç®¡ã§ãããã€æäœæ§ã»ç»è³ªã»é³è³ªãåŸæ¥ã®ãããªãããããæ Œæ®µã«åäžããããšããããããªãããåäœæ©ã¯2007幎é ãŸã§ã«çç£çµäºãS-VHSãœããã¯å
šãŠãSQPBãã«ããç°¡æåçã®ã¿å¯èœ(ç»è³ªã¯VHSãšåã)ãS-VHSæ©ã®çç£ã2007幎é ãŸã§ã«å®å
šçµäºãã(VHSäžäœåBD/DVDã¬ã³ãŒããŒã«ãããW-VHSã»D-VHSãœããã®åçã¯äžå¯)ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80
|
6,098 |
ã¢ã ã·ã£ã»ã¹ãã³ã¿
|
ã¢ã ã·ã£ã»ã¹ãã³ã¿ (AmÉÅ¡a SpÉnta) ã¯ããŸãã¢ã¹ã¿ãŒæã«ãããŠæé«ç¥ã¢ãã©ã»ããºããŒã«åŸãäžäººã®åç¥ããã®åã¯ãäžæ»
ã®èæ§ããæå³ããããªããã¹ãã³ã¿ã»ãã³ãŠã¯ã¢ãã©ã»ããºããŒãšåäžèŠãããããšãããããã®å Žåã¯å
äººãšæ°ããããã
極ããŠæœè±¡çãæççãªç¥æ Œã®ãããäžäžä»¥éã¯ããŸãä¿¡ä»°ãããªããªãããŸãã¢ã¹ã¿ãŒæã«ãããŠã®ä¿¡ä»°ã¯ãã€ã¶ã¿ã«åã£ãŠä»£ããããã
æ¬æ¥ã¯ãŸãã¢ã¹ã¿ãŒæãããå€ããã«ã·ã£åçã®ç¥ã
ã®äžã§ã人é¡ã®å®è·è
ãšããããã®ãåãå
¥ãããããšãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF
|
6,099 |
倧ã¢ã«ã«ã
|
倧ã¢ã«ã«ã(ã ãã¢ã«ã«ããmajor arcana)ã¯ãã¿ãããã®äžçµ78æã®ãã¡22æãæ§æãã坿ç»ãæãããã«ãŒããæãã
ãã¢ã«ã«ãããšã¯ã©ãã³èªã§arcanum=ã¢ã«ã«ãŒãã ã®è€æ°åœ¢arcanaã§ããããæºã®åŒãåºããã®æå³ããåŒãåºãã«ãé ããããã®ããæããããã«è»¢ããŠãç§å¯ããç¥ç§ããªã©ã®æå³ã«ãªã£ããã¿ããããç¥ç§çãªãã®ãšèŠãããã«ãªã£ã19äžçŽé ãã䜿ããå§ããèšèã§ãã²ãŒã çšå
·ãšããŠã®ã¿ãããã§ã¯ãåã«ãåãæ(è±èª: trumpããã©ã³ã¹èª: atout ãªã©)ããšåŒã°ããããã ãç¥ç§äž»çŸ©ã«åºã¥ããŠåµäœãããã¿ãããã»ã«ãŒãã§ãã£ãŠãã¢ã¬ã€ã¹ã¿ãŒã»ã¯ããŠãªãŒã®ãããŒãã®ã¿ããããã®ããã« "TRUMP" ãšããèšèã䜿ã£ãŠããäŸã¯ããã
ãæè
ãã®ã«ãŒããåãæã«å«ãããã©ããã¯å°åå·®ãããããã©ã³ã¹ã§ã¯åãæãšã¯ç¬ç«ããã«ãŒããšããŠãããããªãŒã¹ããªã¢ãªã©äžå€®ãšãŒãããã§ã¯22çªç®ã®åãæãšããŠãããç¥ç§äž»çŸ©ã«åºã¥ãåµäœç³»ã®ã¿ãããã»ã«ãŒãã«ãããŠãããæè
ãã倧ã¢ã«ã«ãã«å«ãããã©ããã¯èª¬ãåãããŠãã(åŸè¿°)ããŸããæããããäžçããŸã§ã®5æã®ã«ãŒãã¯ãã¢ãªãšã(ã©ãã³èªã§ã倩ãã®æå³)ãšåŒã°ããåãæã®äžã§ãæåŒ·ã®ãã®ãšãããã
ææ°ã22æã§ããããšãããç¥ç§äž»çŸ©è
ãã«ãã£ãŠããã©ã€æå22æåãã»ãã£ãã(çåœã®æš)ã®22æ¬ã®çµè·¯ãšé¢é£ã¥ããŠè§£éãããäºãå€ãããããããã©ã€æåãš22æã®ã«ãŒãã®ã©ããšã©ããé¢ä¿ä»ãããã¯è€æ°ã®èª¬ãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A
|
6,100 |
å°ã¢ã«ã«ã
|
å°ã¢ã«ã«ã(ãããã¢ã«ã«ããminor arcana)ãšã¯ãã¿ãããã®äžçµ78æã®ãã¡ã56æãæ§æããçµãèšãã
ã¿ããããããå°ã¢ã«ã«ãã®ã¿ãæãåºããã®ããã©ã³ãã®ååã§ãããšããéã«ãã©ã³ããå
ã«ãã£ãŠãåŸã«å€§ã¢ã«ã«ããå ããããŠçŸåšã®ã¿ãããã«ãªã£ããšãèšãããŠãããã¿ããããšãã©ã³ããšã®é¢é£æ§ã¯çç¡ããšãã説ãããã
é»éã®å€æãå£ã®è§£éã§ã¯ãã«ãã©ã®åµé è«ã§ãããã»ãã£ããããšé¢é£ã¥ããããŠãããå ãäžã®æå³ããåã»ãã£ãããšãã®å æè¡ç象城ãšã®é¢é£ã§ã€ããããŠããã
å°ã¢ã«ã«ãã¯ã以äžã®åã€ã®çµ (ã¹ãŒã suits)ã«åãããã
ããã«åã¹ãŒãã¯ã以äžã®ããã«åé¡ãããŠæ§æãããã
ãã¬ã€ã³ã°ã»ã«ãŒãã®åã¹ãŒã(ã¹ããŒããããŒãããã€ã€ãã¯ã©ã)ãšã®å¯Ÿå¿é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªèª¬ãããã
å°ã¢ã«ã«ãåã«ãŒãã®ãå ãäžã®äž»ãªæå³ã¯ä»¥äžã®éããäžèšã®( )å
ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããå倧å
çŽ ã瀺ãã (ã¢ãŒãµãŒã»ãšãã¯ãŒãã»ãŠã§ã€ãã®ãã¿ãããå³è§£ãã«ãã)
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A
|
6,103 |
ã€ãŒãµããã
|
ã€ãŒãµããã (Ethernet) ã¯ãå®¶åºã»äŒæ¥ã»ããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒãªã©ã§äœ¿çšãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãããŠãLANãWANãæ§æããæç·ããŒã«ã«ãšãªã¢ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®äž»æµãªéä¿¡èŠæ Œã§ããããã®æè¡ä»æ§ã¯IEEE 802.3ã§èŠå®ãããŠããã
åæã®å軞ã±ãŒãã«ã«ããLANããçºå±ãç¶ãããã€ã¹ããã¢ã±ãŒãã«ã»å
ãã¡ã€ããŒã±ãŒãã«ãäž»ã«çšããæç·LANã®æè¡ã®é²æ©ã«åãããŠãããéä¿¡é床ãé«éãªãæ°ããªèŠæ Œãç»å Žãç¶ããŠããã 仿¥ã§ã¯äžçäžã®LANã®å€ããã€ãŒãµããããæ¡çšããããåºãç¯å²ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ããMANãWANã§ãäžéšã®æè¡ã¯ãåºåã€ãŒãµãããããšããåç§°ã§ã€ãŒãµãããèŠæ Œãåã蟌ãŸããŠããã 倧å°ããŸããŸãªçµç¹ã§ããœã³ã³ãã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ããµãŒããŒã倧容éããŒã¿ã¹ãã¬ãŒãžããã€ã¹ããµããŒãããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªãã®ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ã€ãŒãµãããã§ã¯OSIåç
§ã¢ãã«ã®äžäœ2ã€ã®å±€ã§ããç©çå±€ãšããŒã¿ãªã³ã¯å±€ã«é¢ããŠèŠå®ããŠããã2021幎çŸåšã§ã¯TCP/IPãšçµã¿åãããŠå©çšããããç©çå±€ã¯äŒéé床ã®éããç©ççãªä»æ§ã«ããå€çš®ã®èŠæ Œã«åãããããããŒã¿ãªã³ã¯å±€ã¯æ°æ§ã®èŠæ Œå士ãç¡ç·LANãšã®éã«ãäºææ§ãããã
åç§°ã®ãã€ãŒãµã(ether)ã¯ãå€å
žç©çã®æä»£ã«å
ã®åªè³ªãšããŠå®å®ã®é
ã
ãŸã§æºãããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšèããããä»®æ³ã®ç©è³ªããšãŒãã«ã(EtherãAether) ããä»ããããã
éä¿¡é床ã¯ã1980幎代åæã®10ã¡ã¬ãããã»ã€ãŒãµãããããå§ãŸãã2000幎代ã«ã¯ãã®10åã®äŒéé床ãæã€100ã¡ã¬ãããã»ã€ãŒãµãããã100åã®äŒéé床ãæã€ã®ã¬ãããã»ã€ãŒãµããããæ®åããŠãããããã«ã10ã®ã¬ãããã»ã€ãŒãµããã(10GbE)ã100ã®ã¬ãããã»ã€ãŒãµããã(100GbE)ãªã©ãIEEEã§çå®ãããŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ããEthernetãããã€ãŒãµããããã¯å¯å£«ãã€ã«ã ããžãã¹ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³(æ§:å¯å£«ãŒããã¯ã¹)ãåæšç»é²ããŠããã
ã€ãŒãµãããã®çºæ³ã®åç¹ã¯ãã¯ã€å€§åŠã®ããŒãã³ã»ãšã€ãã©ã ãœã³ææãéçºãããALOHAã·ã¹ãã ããšèšãããŠããããã¯ã€è«žå³¶ã®å³¶ã
ã4,800ããã/ç§ã®ç¡ç·ã«ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã§çµã¶ã·ã¹ãã ã§ãã£ãã
æåã®ã€ãŒãµãããã¯ALOHAã·ã¹ãã ã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ã«åºã¥ããŠããã1972幎 - 1973幎ã«ãããŠãç±³ãŒããã¯ã¹ã®ããã¢ã«ãç ç©¶æ (PARC) ã«ãããŠãããŒãã»ã¡ãã«ãŒããäžå¿ã«éçºãããã1973幎5æ22æ¥ãç¹èš±ãšããŠç»é²ããããããã®æ¥ãã€ãŒãµãããã®èªçæ¥ãšããããçºæåœåã®äŒéé床ã¯2.94Mbpsã§ãããã¯åœæéçºäžã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ Xeroxã®Altoã®ããŒã¹ã»ã¯ããã¯5.88MHzã«åãããããã ãšãããŠããããŒããã¯ã¹ç€Ÿã¯ãã®åŸãç¹èš±ãéæŸããŠãªãŒãã³ãªèŠæ Œãšããã€ã³ãã«ãšDECãéçºã«å ããŠã1979幎ã3瀟ã®é æåããšã£ãŠDIX仿§ãå¶å®ãããäŒéé床ã¯10Mbpsã ã£ããç¿å¹Žã®1980幎ã«ã¯ããã®ä»æ§ãIEEE 802å§å¡äŒã«ãEthernet 1.0èŠæ ŒããšããŠæåºã»å
¬éããããã®ãªãŒãã³èŠæ Œã«å¯ŸããŠäžçäžã®äŒæ¥ã»æè¡è
ãæè¡ã®ä»æ§çå®ãšè£œåã®éçºã«å ãããæ§ã
ãªååãçã¿åºãããŠãã£ããã¡ãã«ãŒãèªèº«ããŒããã¯ã¹ç€Ÿãé瀟ããŠç±³3Com瀟ãåµèšãããã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯è£œåéçºç«¶äºãäž»å°ããŠãã£ãã1980å¹Žä»£åœæã¯ãç±³IBM瀟ããããŒã¯ã³ãªã³ã°ãããç±³Apple ComputerãAppleTalkãšãããããŒã«ã«ããŒã¯ãããããããããã¯ãŒã¯è£œåãšããŠåŒ·åã«æšé²ããŠããããçµå±ãèŠæ Œãå
¬éããŠå€ãã®è³åè
ãåŸãã€ãŒãµããããåã¡æ®ã£ãã
1982å¹Žã«ææ¡ããããEthernet 2.0èŠæ Œããåºã«ã1983幎ã«ãIEEE 802.3 CSMA/CDããšããŠçå®ããããããã¯ã50Ωå軞äžè¯ã±ãŒãã«ãå©çšãããã¹åããããžãŒãæã¡ãåäºééä¿¡ã§10Mbpsãéæãããã®ã§ãçŽåŸ1cmã®å
ãéããã±ãŒãã«ãçšããŠãããåŸã«ã10BASE5ããšåä»ãããããããã«ç¶ããŠå軞ã±ãŒãã«ã®åŸã现ãããŠè»œéã§åŒãåãã容æã«ãã10BASE2ã®Thin Ethernetã±ãŒãã«ã10BROAD36ã®75Ωå軞ã±ãŒãã«ãFOIRLã§ãã«ãã¢ãŒãå
ãã¡ã€ããŒã±ãŒãã«ãäŒéåªäœãšããŠäœ¿ãããããã«ãªã£ããããããé»è©±ã®é
ç·ã«çšããããŠããéã·ãŒã«ãã®æã()åããã察ã®é
ç·ãæ¡çšãã1BASE5 (StarLAN(è±èªç))ãææ¡ããããããååãšããŠå®çãã10BASE-Tã§ã¯UTPã±ãŒãã«ã䜿ãããããã«ãªããç©ççæ§æã§ãã¹ã¿ãŒåããããžãŒãæ¡ãããããã«ãªã£ãã
åæã®10ã¡ã¬ãããã»ã€ãŒãµãããã®æä»£ã¯ãOSåŽã§ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã»ãµããŒãã¯éå®çã§ãããPCã§ã¯Novell瀟ã®NetWareããã€ã¯ããœããã®LAN Managerãšãã£ãå°çšãœããã賌å
¥ããªããšãã¡ã€ã«å
±æãšãã£ãåºæ¬çãªæ©èœããåŸãããªãã£ãã(ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°Sun瀟ã®NFSããã£ãã)
1980幎代ãã1990幎代ã«ãããŠã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã»ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã»ã«ãŒã (NIC) ãã€ãŒãµãããã»ã«ãŒããšåŒã°ããISA/EISA/NESA/PCI圢åŒã®ããŒã¿ãŒã«ãŒããPCã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãšããŠå¥å£²ãããããšãå€ãããããPCã®ãã¶ãŒããŒãã«å·®ã蟌ãã§ã€ãŒãµãããç°å¢ãå©çšã§ããã
2000幎代ååã«ã¯ãããã»ããã«æåããã€ãŒãµãããã®LANæ©èœãåè·¯ã®äžéšã«å«ãŸãããã¶ãŒããŒãäžã«ã€ãŒãµãããã®ãžã£ãã¯ãè£
åãããããã«ãªã£ãããã®é ã«ã¯ã€ãŒãµãããã®æ©èœå®è£
ãåœããåã«ãªããšãšãã«ãã€ãŒãµããããšããèŠæ Œã®çšèªåãã®ãã®ã䜿ãããšããŸãã«ãªã£ã(åã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã»ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãšåŒã°ããããšãå€ããªã£ã)ã2015幎çŸåšã§ã¯ãå®¶åºçšã»æ¥åçšåãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã»ããŒããæåãã2ã€æã€ãã¶ãŒããŒãã容æã«å
¥æã§ããããã«ãªã£ãã
ã€ãŒãµãããã¯ãOSIåç
§ã¢ãã«ã«ãããã¬ã€ã€ãŒ1ã®ç©çå±€ããã³ã¬ã€ã€ãŒ2ã®ããŒã¿ãªã³ã¯å±€ãèŠå®ãããã®ã§ãããIEEEã«ããIEEE 802.3ãšããŠãã®æè¡ä»æ§ãå
¬éãããŠãããç©çå±€ã¯ãã®äŒéåªäœãæç·ã«éå®ãããŠãããç¡ç·åªäœã«ãããéä¿¡èŠæ Œã¯IEEE 802.11ãIEEE 802.15ãªã©ã§å¥éèŠå®ãããŠããã
ã€ãŒãµãããã®ç©çå±€ã¯ãåæã®ãã®ãšãã®åŸã®æ¡åŒµããããã®ãšã§ã¯ã仿§ã黿°çæ§æã倧ããç°ãªããäžæ¹ã§ããŒã¿ãªã³ã¯å±€ã¯ããžã£ã³ããã¬ãŒã ãVLANã«ããæ¡åŒµã¯ãããã®ã®ãåºæ¬çã«ã¯ä¿¡å·çãªäºææ§ããããã¡ãã£ã¢ã³ã³ããŒã¿ãç¡ç·LANãªã©ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšãçšããŠåèŠæ Œãç¹ãåãããããšã§ãçžäºã«ããŒã¿ããããšãããããšãã§ããã
ã€ãŒãµãããã§ã¯å
ã®éä¿¡ãã¹ãéä¿¡ããŒã¿ãããŒã¿ãªã³ã¯å±€ããŸãäžå®ã®é·ã以äžã®æ±ºãããã圢åŒããã€ããŒã¿ã®å¡ã«åå²ããããã®ããŒã¿ã®å¡ã®ãããããã€ãŒãµããããã¬ãŒã ããŸãã¯åã«ãã¬ãŒã ãšåŒã¶ãããŒã¿ã¯ç©çå±€ã§ç©çä¿¡å·ã«å€æãããŠäŒéè·¯äžã§éåãããåžžã«ãã¬ãŒã ã®åœ¢ã§äŒéè·¯ãæµããŠãããéä¿¡ããŒã¿ããã¬ãŒã åäœã«åå²ãããŠããããã«ããããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšã¯äžæã«ã¯äžå®ä»¥äžã®é·ãã®ãã¬ãŒã ã®ããŒã¿ãæ±ãã ãã§æžãã®ã§ãæ
å ±è»¢éã«é¢ããå
šãŠã®åŠçã¯éåžžã«åçŽãªäœæ¥ã®ç¹°ãè¿ãã«åž°çããã
ã€ãŒãµãããã®æ¥ç¶æ§æã¯ãPCãã«ãŒã¿çã®ããŒããã¹ã€ããã³ã°ãããªã©ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšãã±ãŒãã«ãªã©ã®äŒéåªäœããæããåããŒãã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãã§ãŒã¹ã¯å端æ«å士ãèå¥ããããã®åºæå€ãæã¡ããããMACã¢ãã¬ã¹ãšåŒã¶ãããŒãã¯èªèº«ãå®å
ã®MACã¢ãã¬ã¹æ
å ±ããã¬ãŒã ã«å«ããŠéä¿¡ããã¹ã€ããã³ã°ããã端æ«ããŒãã¯ãã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹æ
å ±ã«åºã¥ããŠåä¿¡ãäžç¶åŠçãè¡ãã
ã€ãŒãµãããã§ã¯ãOSIåç
§ã¢ãã«ã®ç©çå±€ã»ããŒã¿ãªã³ã¯å±€ãããã«çްååããã¢ãã«ãçšããŠãã®ä»æ§ãæç¢ºåããç©çåªäœã«äŸåããªãæè»æ§ãæãããŠãããã¬ã€ã€ãŒéæ¥ç¶ã¯éå±€ã¢ãã«ãšç°ãªãå®è£
ã§ãããããäºææ§ã®ããèšèšãæ±ããããã
ã¬ã€ã€ãŒ1ã«ãããç©çå±€ã§ã¯ãã€ãŒãµããããã¬ãŒã ãšçžäºå€æããã黿°ä¿¡å·ãå
ä¿¡å·ã®ç©ç仿§ãèŠå®ããŠããããã®åŠçããã€ã¹ãPHYãšåŒã¶ã
1983幎ã«èŠå®ãããåæã®ãã®ã¯ãå軞ã±ãŒãã«ã«ãããã¹åæ§æã§åäºééä¿¡ãå¯èœã«ãããã®ã§ããããã®åŸããã€ã¹ããã¢ã±ãŒãã«ãå
ãã¡ã€ããŒã±ãŒãã«ã䜿ãããããã«ãªããšãã¹ã¿ãŒåæ§æã«ããæ¥ç¶ãåºæ¬ãšãªã£ããããã«ã1Gbps以äžã®éä¿¡èŠæ Œãç»å ŽããŠããã¯ãéä¿¡éå§åã®ãªã³ã¯ç¢ºç«æã«ãªãŒãããŽã·ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãå¿
é ãšãªããå
šäºééä¿¡ãåæãšãªã£ãŠããã
ä¿¡å·äŒéã«çšããããå€èª¿æ¹åŒã¯ãã»ãšãã©ãããŒã¹ãã³ãäŒéã§ããããåæã«ã¯ãããŒããã³ãäŒéãè¡ãæ¹åŒããã£ããããŒã¹ãã³ãäŒéã§ã¯ã10BASExã§ã¯ãã³ãã§ã¹ã¿ç¬Šå·ã100BASE-TXã§ã¯4b/5bãšMLT-3(è±èªç)ã1000BASE-Tã§ã¯8B/1Q4 (4D-PAM5)ã1000BASE-Xã§ã¯8b/10bãªã©ãããããã®ç©çåªäœã»éä¿¡é床ã«é©ããå€èª¿ãçšãããããããã«ã10Gbps以äžã®éä¿¡èŠæ Œã§ã¯ã笊å·åã«ããã誀ãèšæ£ãä»å ãããã®ãããã
ã¬ã€ã€ãŒ2ã«ãããããŒã¿ãªã³ã¯å±€ã§ã¯ãéä¿¡ãããã¬ãŒã ã®äœæãåä¿¡ãããã¬ãŒã ã®è§£éã«é¢ããäœæ¥ãèŠå®ããŠããããã®ãããã³ã«ãŸãã¯åŠçéšãMACãšåŒã¶ã
ããŒã¿ãªã³ã¯å±€ã¯ãIEEE 802å
šäœã«æž¡ã£ãŠLLCãšMACã®2ã€ã®å¯å±€ã«åãããŠãããã€ãŒãµãããã¯ããã®ãã¡ã®MACå¯å±€ã®ã¿ã䞻察象ãšããŠåãæ±ã£ãŠããã
ãããã¯ãŒã¯ç«¯æ«ã§ããã€ãŒãµãããéä¿¡è£
眮ã¯ãããŒã¿ãéä¿¡ããããã«ããŸãå
ããŒã¿ãããã€ãã®å¡(ãã€ããŒã)ã«åå²ãã46â1500ãªã¯ããã(ãã€ã)ã®å€§ããã«åãããããŒã¿ãªã³ã¯å±€ã§ã¯ããã®ãã€ããŒãã®ååŸã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããã§ãã¯ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãªã©ã®ä»å æ
å ±ãå ãã以äžã®ãããªãã¬ãŒã ã宿ãããã
ãã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ç©çå±€ã§ç©çä¿¡å·ã«å€æããéä¿¡ãããã ãã¬ãŒã ãé£ç¶ããŠéä»ããå Žåã¯ã96ãããåã®ãã¬ãŒã ééã空ããŠéä¿¡ããããšãèŠå®ãããŠããã
ã€ãŒãµãããéä¿¡è£
眮ã¯åä¿¡ããŒã¿ãç©çå±€ã§åãåãããã¬ãŒã ãšããŠåæ§æããã
端æ«ããŒãã¯ãèªåã®MACã¢ãã¬ã¹ããå®å
MACã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã§ãªããã°ãã®ãŸãŸç Žæ£ããããã¬ãŒã å
šäœããFCSãåãåºããŠèšç®ãã誀ããããã°äŒé誀ããšããŠç Žæ£ããããŸãããã€ããŒãã®é·ãã46-1500ãªã¯ãããã®ç¯å²å€ãšãªãå Žåãç Žæ£ãããç Žæ£ããªããã°ãã€ããŒãéšåãäžäœã¬ã€ã€ãŒãžæž¡ã1ãã¬ãŒã ã®åä¿¡äœæ¥ã¯çµãããç Žæ£ãããåä¿¡ãã¬ãŒã ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã€ãŒãµãããã§åéåŠçã¯çšæãããŠããªããäžè¬çã«äžäœã¬ã€ã€ãŒã¯å€ãã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ã¯TCP/IPèŠæ Œã䜿çšãããŠãããã€ãŒãµãããã§ç Žæ£ãããå Žåã¯TCPããã®æç€ºã§åéèŠæ±ãéãããšãã§ããã
ã¹ã€ããã³ã°ãããªã©ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšã§ã¯ãFCSããã€ããŒãé·ã«ç°åžžãããã°ç Žæ£ããã®ã¯ç«¯æ«ããŒããšåæ§ã§ããããåä¿¡ãã¬ãŒã ããéä¿¡å
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãèªã¿åããããããæ¥ç¶ãããããŒãããšã«æå±ãã端æ«ã®MACã¢ãã¬ã¹ãäžèЧãªã¹ããšããŠä¿æããŠããããã¬ãŒã åä¿¡ãã床ã«å®å
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹äžèЧãªã¹ãããé«éã§æ¯èŒããŠè»¢éå
ãæ±ºå®ããŠããã ãããã£ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒ2ã¹ã€ããã³ã°ã»ããã®åäœã¯IEEE 802.1Dã§èŠå®ãããŠãããå
šãŠã®é床ã»åœ¢åŒã®ã€ãŒãµãããèŠæ Œã§åäžã§ããã
ã€ãŒãµããããæ§æããããã®æ©åšåã³ã±ãŒãã«ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããã
ã€ãŒãµãããã®äžç¶ãè¡ãæ©åšã¯ããã®æ¥ç¶æ§æã圹å²ã«ãã£ãŠ4ã€ã«å€§å¥ãããã
ã€ãŒãµãããã®æ¥ç¶ã«çšããããäŒéåªäœãšããŠã以äžã®ãã®ãããã
å°ç·ãçç¶ã®å°äœã§èŠã£ãã±ãŒãã«ãåæã€ãŒãµãããã§ãã10BASE5ã»10BASE2ã§ã¯ãå
±ã«50Ωã€ã³ããŒãã³ã¹ã®å軞ã±ãŒãã«ã䜿çšãããã10BASE5ã¯çŽåŸ10mmã®éç§°Thick Ethernetã±ãŒãã«(ãŸãã¯ã€ãšããŒã±ãŒãã«)ã䜿çšããŠãããåŸçºã®10BASE2ã§ã¯RG-58(è±èªç)ã¿ã€ãã®éç§°Thin Ethernetã±ãŒãã«ã䜿çšããçŽåŸ5mmã«æ¹åãããŠããã10BROAD36ã§ã¯RFæ¥ç¶ã«ããéä¿¡è·¯ãšããŠã±ãŒãã«ãã¬ãã§çšãããã75Ωã€ã³ããŒãã³ã¹ã®å軞ã±ãŒãã«ãçšããããã
10GBASE-CX4ã100GBASE-CR4ã§ã¯ãããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒå
ã®é«éçè·é¢çšéã§2è¯å軞ã±ãŒãã«(Twinaxã±ãŒãã«)ãçšããããäž»ã«ãã€ã¬ã¯ãã¢ã¿ããã±ãŒãã«ã®çè±ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšããŠå®è£
ãããŠããã
å
ä¿¡å·ãäŒéããã±ãŒãã«ãå€ãã¯éåä¿¡å·çšã«2æ¬ãçšããããç°ãªã2ã€ã®æ³¢é·ä¿¡å·ã1ã±ãŒãã«å
ã§åæã«éåããæ¹åŒãããã
çè·é¢çšã«ãã«ãã¢ãŒããã¡ã€ããŒ(MMF)ãé·è·é¢çšã«ã·ã³ã°ã«ã¢ãŒããã¡ã€ããŒ(SMF)ã䜿çšããã
10BASE-Fã100BASE-FXã1000BASE-SX/LXã10GBASE-SR/LR/ERã100GBASE-Rãªã©ã§äœ¿ããããã€ãŒãµãããã®å
ãã¡ã€ããŒéä¿¡ã«ãããã±ãŒãã«ã¯ããããããã¡ã€ããŒãã£ãã«ãSONET/SDHã§çšããããŠããæè¡ãèžè¥²ãã以äžã®ããã«ISO 11801ã§ä»æ§ãèŠå®ãããŠãããã®ãçšããã1kmãããã®æžè¡°éã垯åå¹
ãªã©ã®ä¿¡å·ç¹æ§ã«ãã£ãŠã«ããŽãªã«åé¡ãããŠãããç¹ã«MMFã¯éä¿¡é床åäžã«äŒŽãäžäœã®ã±ãŒãã«ä»æ§ãèŠæ±ãããã
æã察ç·()ã«ãã平衡æ¥ç¶ã§100Ωã®ç¹æ§ã€ã³ããŒãã³ã¹ãæã€é
ç·ã±ãŒãã«ãç¹ã«4察8ç·ã§äž¡ç«¯ã«ãªã¹å8P8C(éç§°RJ-45)ã³ãã¯ã¿ã®ã€ãããã®ãæãå€ã䜿çšãããäžè¬ã«ãLANã±ãŒãã«ããšåŒã°ãããå§æ¥å·¥å
·ã䜿ãã°å®¹æã«ä»»æã®é·ãã®ã±ãŒãã«ã«ã³ãã¯ã¿ãæ¥ç¶ããããšãã§ãããã±ãŒãã«ã«ã¯é
ç·æ§æã«ãã£ãŠããã€ãã®çš®é¡ãããã
éä¿¡åªäœã»äŒéé床ã®éãã«ããå€çš®ã®ç©ç局仿§ãèŠå®ãããŠãããäž»èŠãªèŠæ Œåã®ããããã®ä»ãæ¹ã以äžã«ç€ºãã
( 10 100 1000 10 G 40 G 100 G ) ( B A S E B R O A D P A S S ) ( â T â X â R e t c ) {\displaystyle \left({\begin{aligned}&10\\&100\\&1000\\&10\mathrm {G} \\&40\mathrm {G} \\&100\mathrm {G} \end{aligned}}\right)\left({\begin{aligned}&\mathrm {BASE} \\&\mathrm {BROAD} \\&\mathrm {PASS} \end{aligned}}\right)\left({\begin{aligned}&\mathrm {-T} \\&\mathrm {-X} \\&\mathrm {-R} \\&\mathrm {etc} \end{aligned}}\right)}
äŸãã°ã10BASE-Tãã¯ãã10ãã§10Mbpsã®è»¢éé床ããBASEãã§ããŒã¹ãã³ãäŒéããTãã§ãã€ã¹ããã¢ã±ãŒãã«ã䜿çšããããšãæå³ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88
|
6,104 |
éºäŒæ
å ±
|
éºäŒæ
å ±()ã¯ãéºäŒçŸè±¡ã«ãã£ãŠèŠªããåã«äŒããæ
å ±ãDNAã®å¡©åºé
åæ
å ±ã ãã§ã¯ãªããã®ä¿®é£Ÿããæ¯æ§mRNAã»èçœè³ªãªã©ãå«ããããããéºäŒåã¯éºäŒæ
å ±ã®æ
äœ(éºäŒå å)ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãããçŸåšã§ã¯éºäŒåããã®çç©ãããã¯ç
åã®ã»ãšãã©ã®éºäŒæ
å ±ãæ
ã£ãŠãããšèããããŠãããããªãªã³ããŠã€ãã€ããªã©ãéºäŒåã§ã¯ãªãéºäŒå åã®åããæãäŸãšããŠãããããã§ãããã
äžè¬çã«ã¯ã²ãã DNAã«æžã蟌ãŸããå¡©åºé
åã®æ
å ±ã®ããšãšå矩çã«äœ¿ãããããšãå€ããæ§ã
ãªçç©çš®ã®å
šãŠã®æ žé
žå¡©åºé
åãè§£èªãããã²ãã ãããžã§ã¯ããé²è¡ããŠãããæ žé
žå¡©åºé
åã®èª¿æ»ã¯æ³å»åŠã§ãçšããããããã«ãªã£ãŠããŠããããã€ãªãã¯ãããžãŒã®çºéã«ããéºäŒå蚺æãªã©ãå¯èœã«ãªã£ãŠããçŸåšã§ã¯ãå人ã®éºäŒæ
å ±ã®å
¬éãæŒæŽ©(ãããã)ãªã©ã«ããå«ççãªåé¡ãææãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E4%BC%9D%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1
|
6,106 |
ä¹å·
|
ä¹å·(ãã
ããã
ã)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬åå³¶ãæ§æããå³¶ã®äžã€ã§ããã®å西éšã«äœçœ®ããã
åæµ·éã»æ¬å·ã»ååœãšãšãã«äž»èŠ4å³¶ã®äžã€ã§ãããããã®äžã§ã¯3çªç®ã«å€§ããå³¶ã§ãäžçã®å³¶ã®äžã§ã¯ãã¹ããããã«ã²ã³å³¶(ãã«ãŠã§ãŒ)ã«æ¬¡ã第37äœã®å€§ããã§ããã
å°è³ªåŠãèå€åŠã亀éãªã©ã®åéã§ã¯ä¹å·å³¶ãšããåç§°ã䜿çšãããã
ä¹å·ãšãã®ä»éããå³¶ãããã³æ²çžçãåãããŠä¹å·å°æ¹(ãã
ããã
ãã¡ã»ã)ãšèšããä¹å·ã®æé«æšé«ã¯1,791ã¡ãŒãã« (m) ã§ã倧åçã®ä¹éé£å±±ã»äžå²³ã®æšé«ã§ããããŸããä¹å·å°æ¹ã®æé«æšé«ã¯1,936 mã§ã鹿å
å³¶çã®å±ä¹
å³¶ã»å®®ä¹æµŠå²³ã®æšé«ã§ããã(ã#å°çãããã³ãæ¥æ¬ã®å°çã»ä¹å·ããåç
§)
ä¹å·ã«ã¯7ã€ã®å°æ¹å
Œ
±å£äœ(ç)ãããã7çç·äººå£ã¯çŽ1,257äžäºº(2023幎)ãæ²çžçãå«ãã8çç·äººå£ã¯çŽ1,404äžäºº(2023幎)ã§ãããéœéåºçã®äººå£äžèЧ#æšèšäººå£(ææ°)(å³è¡š ä¹å·å°æ¹ã®ããŒã¿åç
§)
ä¹å·ã®å€ä»£ã®åŒç§°ã¯ããç玫島ãã»ãç玫掲ã(ã€ããã®ããŸ)ã§ãã(#æŽå²æžã«ãããåŒç§°)ã
ä¹å·ã倧ããäºã€ã«åãããšãåéšä¹å·ãšåä¹å·ã«åããå Žåãšãæ±ä¹å·(æ¥è±)ãšè¥¿ä¹å·(çè¥)ã«åããå Žåããããåéšä¹å·ãšåä¹å·ã®äžéãšãªãå°åãäžä¹å·ãšããããšãããããã ãããããã®å°ååºåã¯äœ¿çšãããåŽã«ãã£ãŠå€§ããå€åãã(詳现ã¯åéšä¹å·ã»åä¹å·ãåç
§)ã
äžå€®ã«ä¹å·å±±å°ã圢æãããŠããããã®äžæ žããªãé¿èå±±ã¯æ±è¥¿18ããã¡ãŒãã« (km) ãåå25 kmã«ãåã¶äžçæå€§çŽã®ã«ã«ãã©ãæã€ãä¹å·ã®å°åœ¢ã¯å€§ãã3ã€ã«åããããšãã§ããåéšãšäžéšã®å¢çã¯æŸå±±-äŒäžéæ§é ç·ã§ãäžéšãšåéšã®å¢çã¯äžå€®æ§é ç·ã®äžéšã§ããèŒæµ-å
«ä»£æ§é ç·ã§åããããšãã§ãããåéšã¯æ¯èŒçãªã ãããªå±±å°ãåéšã¯çœäºçŽãã第äžçŽã«ãããŠçæãããä»å äœã§ããããåéšãšã¯å
šãç°ãªã£ãå°è³ªã§ãããæ¯èŒçéºé»ãªå±±å°ã«ãªã£ãŠããããŸããäžéšã¯æ°åäžå¹ŽåãŸã§ç¬æžå
æµ·ã®å»¶é·ã®æµ·ã§åãããŠããããããé¿èå±±ã®æ°åã«ãããåŽç«ã«ãã£ãŠæº¶å²©ã§åãŸããäžã€ã®å³¶ã«ãªã£ãã å°ã以äžã®é
ç®ã§ã¯ä¹å·æ¬å³¶ã§ã¯ãªããä¹å·å°æ¹ã«å±ãããã®ãæããã
ä¹å·å°æ¹ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®å°åã®äžã§ã¯å°ç¬ åè«žå³¶ã«æ¬¡ãã§æž©æãªå°åã§ããã鹿å
å³¶çã®å¥çŸå°æ¹ä»¥åã®å°åãšãçš®åå³¶ã»å±ä¹
å³¶å°æ¹ä»¥åã®å°åã§ã¯å¹³åæ°æž©ã倧ããéãã
ä¹å·å³¶ãçš®åå³¶ã»å±ä¹
島以åã®å³¶å¶Œéšã¯ãå€ã¯æãéæ°Žéãå€ããå¬ã¯å¯ããæããã»ã©ã«æ°æž©ãäžãããéªãéããåå
ã®ååã§å€§ããªæ°æž©ã®å·®ã¯1~2°Cã»ã©ãããªãã
ä¹å·å±±å°åšèŸº(çæ¬çé¿èå°æ¹ã»å€§åçã®è¥¿éšã»å®®åŽçã®åéšå±±ééš)ã§ã¯ç©éªã¯çãããªããå¹Žã«æ°æ¥ã¯ç嬿¥ãšãªãããåžã«æ ¹éªã«ãªãããšãããããããæããæ¥ãããããäžåœå°æ¹ä»¥æ±ãšã¯ç°ãªã豪éªå°åž¯ã¯ååšãããç©éªã¯æ¯èŒçå°ãªãæ¹ã§ããã
åéšã®å€ªå¹³æŽæ²¿å²žã«åœãã倧åçã®åéšã»å®®åŽçã»é¹¿å
å³¶çã®å€§é
å°æ¹ãçš®åå³¶ã»å±ä¹
å³¶å°æ¹ã¯å€ã«éæ°Žéãå€ã倪平æŽåŽæ°åã®åæµ·åã§ãå°é¢šã®è¥²æ¥ãå€ãã鹿å
å³¶çã¯1951幎(æå26幎)以éã®å°é¢šäžéžæ°ãæ¥æ¬äžã§ããããã®äžã§ãæ¥æ¬åå³¶ã«å€§ããªè¢«å®³ããããããå°é¢šãšããŠãæåŽå°é¢šããã«ãŒã¹å°é¢šããæŽçºäžžå°é¢šããå°é¢š13å·(1993幎)ããå°é¢š16å·(2004幎)ããªã©ããããå¬ã®æ°åãæž©æã§ééªããããšãã»ãšãã©ãªããæŽå€©ã®æ¥ãå€ããå€ããç§ã«ãããŠã¯å°é¢šã®åœ±é¿ãåãããããå°é¢šé座ããšåŒã°ããã
çŠå²¡çã®åä¹å·å°æ¹ã®ç¬æžå
åŽãšå€§åçã®åéšã»äžéšã¯ç¬æžå
æµ·åŒæ°åã®ç¹åŸŽãæã¡ãéæ°Žéãå€ãæ¢
éšæãé€ãã°ä¹å·ã®äžã§ã¯éæ°Žéãå°ãªãå°å(倧ååžã®å¹Žééæ°Žé:çŽ1,680 mm)ã§ããããããã§ã颿±ä»¥åã®æ±æ¥æ¬å€ªå¹³æŽåŽãšæ¯ã¹ããšå€ããç¹ã«ãåä¹å·å°æ¹ã§ã¯ä¹å·åã®åœ±é¿ãšã®é·ç§»å°åã§æ¢
éšæã®éæ°Žéãéåžžã«å€ãããªããå¬å£ã¯æå€©ãå€ãééªããããšãçãããªãã倧åçäžéšã§ã¯å€ªå¹³æŽåŽæ°åã®åæµ·åã»ã©åœ±é¿ããªããã®ã®ãæ¢
éšæã®éæ°Žéãšç§éšãå°é¢šã®æ¥è¿ã«ããéæ°Žéãããå€ããªã©å±±å£çã®æ±éšä»¥æ±ã®ç¬æžå
æµ·åŒæ°åã®å°åãšæ¯ã¹ããšãå€å£ã®éæ°Žéãå°ãªããšããç¹åŸŽã¯èããªã£ãŠãããå¬å£ã®å€§åçåéšãäžéšã§ã¯ãé²ãä¹å·å±±å°ã«é®ãããããã«æŽå€©ã®æ¥ãå€ããç©éªã¯ã©ã®å°åã§ãå°ãªãããä¹å·å±±å°ã«ãããå°åã§ã¯ããå€ããªãã
çŠå²¡çã®åä¹å·å°æ¹ã®å€§éšåãé€ãå°åã»äœè³çã»é·åŽçã»çæ¬çã»å€§åçã®è¥¿éšã»é¹¿å
å³¶çã®è©æ©å°æ¹ã¯å€ªå¹³æŽåŽæ°å(ä¹å·å)ã§ãå€ã¯éæ°Žéãããªãå€ããç¹ã«è¯åãå西諞島ããã®ç±åž¯ã¢ã³ã¹ãŒã³æ°å£ã«ããæ¹¿èãªã©ã®åœ±é¿ãçŽæ¥åããããåå€ããæ¢
éšæã«éæ°Žéãéåžžã«å€ããªãããã°ãã°å€§ããªè¢«å®³ãããããããªããç§éšæã®éæ°Žéã¯å°ãªããå¬ã¯éæ°Žéãæ¯èŒçå€ããã1 mm以äžã®éæ°Žã芳枬ãããéæ°Žæ¥æ°ã®æå€æã¯æ¥æ¬æµ·åŽæ°åã®ããã«å¬å£(1ã»2ã»12æã®ãããã)ã§ã¯ãªããä»å€ªå¹³æŽåŽæ°ååå°ãšåæ§ã«æ¥å£ - ç§æ(3 - 11æã®ãããã)ã§ã幎ééæ°Žéãå°ãªããå¬ã¯å西ããã®å£ç¯é¢šã®åœ±é¿ãåããããæå€©ãå€ããªã©å³¶æ ¹çã®ç³èŠå°æ¹ãå±±å£çã®åéšãšäŒŒãæ°åãçŸãããäžæ¹ã§ãæé®®åå³¶ã®ããé¢ä¿ã§ééªæ¥æ°ã¯çŠå²¡åžã§çŽ17æ¥ãšæ±äº¬ã»å€§éªããã¯å€ãããç©éªã¯å°ãªãéŠéœåã»äº¬éªç¥ãªã©ãšåãããã«5 cmçšåºŠã®ç©éªã§ã倧éªãšã¿ãªãããããã«äº€éæ©é¢ã麻çºããŠããŸããå°é¢šã®åœ±é¿ã¯æ±ã·ãæµ·åŽããæé®®åå³¶ãæ¥æ¬æµ·åŽãé²ãã å Žåã«éæ°Žéãå€ããªãåŸåãããã
å¥çŸå°æ¹ä»¥åã®å°åã¯åæ¥æ¬æ°å(å西諞島æ°å)ã§ã倧æ±è«žå³¶ãé€ãã©ã®å³¶ã§ã幎ééæ°Žéã¯2,000 mm以äžãšå€ããäžå¹Žäžééšããããå°é¢šã®æ¥è¿ãå€ããæã
匷ãå°é¢šã襲æ¥ããŠè¢«å®³ãããããã幎éã®æ°æž©ã®å·®ãå°ãã1幎ãéããŠæ°æž©ãé«ããééªã®èšé²ã¯éå»ã«æ°åãããªãããŸãäžæ¥ã®æ°æž©å·®ãå°ãããçå€æã¯æŽå€©ã®æ¥ãå€ãæ¥ç
§æéãéåžžã«å€ãããã«ããéšãå€ãããªããå¬å£ã¯å西ããã®å£ç¯é¢šã§æå€©ãšéšå€©ãå€ãæ¥ç
§æéãå°ãªããæ¢
éšæã®éæ°Žéã¯ä¹å·æ¬å³¶çšã§ã¯ãªããããªãå€ãã
æ¥æ¬ã¯6,852ã®å³¶ã§æ§æãããå³¶åœã§ããããæ¥æ¬æå€ã®æŽå²æž ãå€äºèšã (åé
5幎(712幎)ç®äž) ã§ã¯ããæ¥æ¬ããã倧å
«å³¶åœã(ãããããŸã®ãã«)ãšåŒã³ãå
«ã€ã®å³¶ãã®ç·ç§°ãšããŠãã(ç»å Žé ã«çŸä»£ã®åŒç§°è¡šèšã§ãæ·¡è·¯(ããã)ãååœãé å²(ãã)ãä¹å·ã壱å²(ãã)ã察銬(ã€ããŸ)ãäœæž¡ãæ¬å· )ã
ãã®ãå€äºèšãã§ã®ä¹å·ã®åŒç§°è¡šèšã¯ãç玫島(ã€ããã®ããŸ)ãã§ããã
ãæ¥æ¬æžçŽã(é€è4幎(720幎)宿)ã§ã¯ããæ¥æ¬ããã倧å
«æŽ²åœã(ãããããŸã®ãã«)ããä¹å·ããããç玫掲(ã€ããã®ããŸ)ããšè¡šèšããŠããããã®äžã«ç玫åœãç«åœãè±åœãæ¥ååœãç襲åœãçŸãããã
16äžçŽã®æŠåœæä»£ãæããè»èšç©èªãšããŠç¥ããããé°åŸ³å€ªå¹³èšã(享ä¿2幎(1717幎åºç)åºã«ããå±±é°å±±éœååœä¹å·ãã®èšèŒãããããã®ãããªè¿äžã®æžç©ã«ãããŠã¯ãæç¢ºã«ãä¹å·ããšããåç§°ãèŠåºãããšãã§ãããããããã®åç§°ããã€çãŸãããæ£ç¢ºãªæä»£ã¯äžæã§ãããéåæä»£åŸæã«äœæãããåŸåŠ»é¡ã®å
æŠ2幎(1185幎)2æ13æ¥ãš2æ14æ¥ã®èšäºã§ã¯ãæºç¯é Œããä¹å·ããæ»ããããšããŠããããšãèšèŒãããŠãããããšããšäžåœã§ã¯åšä»£ä»¥åãå
šåã9ã€ã®å·ã«åããŠæ²»ããç¿æ
£ããã£ãããšãããä¹å·ãšã¯9ã€ã®åœãšããæå³ã§ã¯ãªãã倩äžã®ããšãæã(åè:ä¹å· (äžåœ))ããå¹³å®æä»£åŸæã«æå»·ãçºããä¿å
æ°å¶ã§äœ¿ãããŠãããä¹å·ãã®æå³ãããã¡ãã§ããããŸãæ°çŸ
ã®ä¹å·ã®å®äŸãããã
äžè¬ã«ãä¹å·ããšã¯ã什å¶åœã®è¥¿æµ·éã®ãã¡çååœã»çåŸåœã»è¥ååœã»è¥åŸåœã»è±ååœã»è±åŸåœã»æ¥ååœã»å€§é
åœã»è©æ©åœã®9åœã®ç·ç§°ãšãããŠãããååœãšåãçå±ã§ãä¹åœ(ãã
ããããããã)ãšãåŒã°ãããšããããã
ãã®ä»€å¶åœã«åºã¥ãå®çŸ©ã§ã¯ãä¹å·å³¶ã®ä¹åœãšããã®ä¹åœã«ç·šå
¥ãããåšèŸºã®éå±å³¶å¶Œããä¹å·ãã®ç¯å²ãšãªãããã ãåšèŸºã®å³¶å¶Œãä¹åœã®ä»€å¶åœã«ç·šå
¥ãããææã¯ããããç°ãªããããæŽå²ãéãäžçŸ©çãªç¯å²ã«ã¯å®ãŸããªãã
ãã®ããã«ç·šå
¥ææãç°ãªãäºã«ããæèããã³è§£éã®å·®ãåãããããå°ãªããšãäžåºŠãç·šå
¥ãããäºããªã壱å²ã察銬ãããã³æ²çžçã®é åã¯ã什å¶åœäžã®ãä¹å·ãã«ã¯å«ãŸããªãããšã«ãªã(ãªããå¥çŸçŸ€å³¶ã¯æ¥æ¬æ¬åã«ãããå»è©çœ®çã»åºçå䜵ããã³ççåŠåã®åŸã«å€§é
åœã鹿å
å³¶çãã«ç·šå
¥ããããããè¡æ¿åºåãšããŠã®ãä¹å·ãã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããã®ã¯ãã以éã§ãã)ãããã«åŸè¿°ã®å€ªå¹³æŽæŠäºçµæŠåŸã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«çµ±æ²»ææã什å¶åœã®ç¯å²ã«å€æŽã¯ãªãã®ã§ããã®å®çŸ©ã«å€åã¯ãªãäºã«ãªãã
äžèšä¹åœãšãšãã«å¯ŸéЬã壱å²ãå«ã西海éã¯ãä¹åœäºå³¶ãä¹å·äºå³¶ãšãåŒã°ããããŸãã西海éã®å¥åãšããŠé®è¥¿ãšãåŒã°ããŠããã
å»è©çœ®çã»åºçå䜵以é ã¯ãçŠå²¡çãäœè³çãé·åŽçãçæ¬çã倧åçãå®®åŽçã鹿å
å³¶çãæ²çžçã®8çãæããŠãä¹å·å°æ¹ããšãããããã«ãã什å¶åœäžã®ãä¹å·ãã«ã¯å«ãŸããªãã£ã察銬ã»å£±å²ã»å¥çŸçŸ€å³¶ã»æ²çžçã®é åããå«ãäºãšãªã£ãã
äžæ¹ãåã«ãä¹å·ããšããå Žåã¯ãã®ãã¡æ²çžçãé€ãã7çããã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãããããã£ãŠã什å¶åœäžã®ãä¹å·ããšæ¯èŒãããšå¯ŸéЬã»å£±å²ã»å¥çŸçŸ€å³¶ãå ããäºãšãªã£ãã
ãã«ã©åå³¶ã®äžéšãå¥çŸçŸ€å³¶ããã³æ²çžçã®é åã¯å€ªå¹³æŽæŠäºçµæŠåŸãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«å é ããæ¥æ¬ã«è¿éããããŸã§ã®éã«äžæçã«æ¥æ¬ã®æœæ¿æš©ã忢ãããããå®è³ªçåæ±(å®å¹æ¯é
)ã¯ãšãããããä¹å·ãã®ç¯å²ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããããšã¯ãªãã(ãªãããã«ã©åå³¶ã¯äžäžå³¶ãæ¥æ¬ã«æ®çããäžäžå³¶ãæœæ¿æš©åæ¢ããããããäž¡è
éã§å°æ¹å
Œ
±å£äœãåé¢ãããäºãšãªã£ãã)
以äžã®ããã«åã«ãä¹å·ããšèšããšè¥¿æµ·éä¹åœã®é åããããã¯å»è©çœ®çã»åºçå䜵以éã®7ç(çŠå²¡çãäœè³çãé·åŽçãçæ¬çã倧åçãå®®åŽçã鹿å
å³¶ç)ã®é åãæãããã£ãœããä¹å·å°æ¹ãã«æ²çžçãå«ããçŸç§äºå
žãå€ãããå®éã«ã¯æ²çžçãå«ãã8çã®å Žåã¯ãä¹å·ã»æ²çžå°æ¹ããšã®åŒã³æ¹ã䜿ãããŠããã
æŽå²äžãããä¹å·å°æ¹ããªã©ãšèšãå°æ¹åºåã®æŠå¿µãå°å
¥ãããã®ã¯å»è©çœ®çåŸã®ææ²»æä»£ä»¥éã§ãããšèãããã(ãã以åã¯ä»€å¶åœã«ããåºåã§ãã£ã)ããªããè¿çŸä»£ã®æ³ä»€äžãè¡æ¿äžã®åºåã¯ãåå¥ã®æ³å¶åºŠã«åºã¥ããããå¿
ãããããããšã¯äžèŽããªããäŸãšããŠä¹å·ç·åéä¿¡å±ã®ç®¡èœç¯å²ã«æ²çžçã¯å«ãŸããªããè¡æ¿æ©é¢ã®å°æ¹æ¯åéšå±ãäŒæ¥ã®å¶æ¥å°åãªã©ã§ã¯æ²çžçãä¹å·å°æ¹ã«å«ãå Žåãå€ãããããã¯æ²çžãå«ãããšãæç€ºããããã«ãä¹å·ã»æ²çžå°æ¹ããšè¡šçŸããå Žåãäžè¬çã§ããã
äŸãšããŠãNHK幎éãã§ã¯èŠåºãããä¹å·ããšããäžæ¹ã§ãæ¬æäžã§ã¯ãä¹å·ã»æ²çžããšè¡šçŸããŠããããã¬ãçªçµãšããŠã¯ä¹å·ææ¥æŸéå¶äœã®ãããã¯ãããçªçµãã¹ãŒããŒJãã£ã³ãã«ä¹å·ã»æ²çžããªã©ãããã
ãŸããæ¬å·ã«äœçœ®ããå±±å£çã¯ã什å¶åœã¯å±±éœéã®åšé²åœãé·éåœã«å±ãäžåœå°æ¹ã«åºåãããããåä¹å·å°æ¹(ãã€ãŠã®è±ååœ)ã«å°ççã«ãè¿ãæŽå²çãªçžã®æ·±ãããšããããå±±å£çã䟿å®äžã®åäžåºåã«å«ããããšãããããã®å Žåã¯æç€ºããŠãä¹å·ã»å±±å£å°æ¹ããšè¡šçŸããã
åéšä¹å·ã§ã¯ãé·åŽçã®å
¥å£éºè·¡ãçŠå²¡çã®ã蟻ç°éºè·¡ã®äžææ§ç³åšæä»£ç³åšçŸ€çãæãããããæ¥æ¬ã®æ±åå°æ¹ã®äžææ§ç³åšæä»£ã®ç³åšãšåœ¢æ
çã«åãã§ãããçŸæç¹ã§ã¯è¥¿æ¥æ¬ã§æãå€ãç³åšã®äžçŸ€ã§ããã
åä¹å·ã®çŸé¹¿å
å³¶çããã¯ãäžå Žéºè·¡ãçºæãããŠããã ããã¯æ¥æ¬åã®æ§ç³åšæä»£ã®äœå±
è·¡ã®çºèŠäŸã§ããããã€ã圢ç³åšæåâ现ç³åšæåãžã®ç§»ããããããçªåœ¢æååšãšçްç³åšã®é¢ä¿ãå±€äœçã«ç¢ºèªããã3äžå¹Žåãã1äžå¹Žã®éã«5ææã®ç掻ã®è·¡ã確èªãããéºè·¡ã§ããã
ä¹å·ã®çžææåã¯ãè嵿ããæ©æã«ãããŠã¯ä»ã®å°åã«å
ãããŠç®èŠãŸããçºéãã¿ãããã äœè³çã®ãæå€ã®æ¹¿å°æ§è²å¡ãã§ããæ±åéºè·¡ãé·åŽçäœäžä¿åžã®æ³çŠå¯ºæŽçªããã¯äžçæå€çŽã®è±ç²æååšãåºåããŠããä»ã鹿å
å³¶çã§ã¯9500幎åã®ãæ¥æ¬æå€ã®æããšãããäžéåéºè·¡ãæ «ãåéºè·¡çãæ¥æ¬æå€ç޿倧çŽã®éºè·¡ãçºæãããŠããã
2021幎5æã«å®®åŽçéœååžå±±ä¹å£çºã®ãçžå第1éºè·¡ãã§çžææä»£æ©æ(çŽ11000幎å)ã®éèœè·¡ãèŠã€ãã£ãããã®éèœè·¡ããå€ãå°å±€ãããç³åšãååãçºèŠãããäºããæ§ç³åšæä»£ãŸã§ããã®ãŒãå¯èœæ§ãé«ããšããŠããã
çŽ7300幎åã®é¬Œçã«ã«ãã©ã®å€§åŽç«ã§åä¹å·ã®çžææåã¯å£æ»
çãªè¢«å®³ãåãããšäºæ³ãããåæããäžæã«ãããŠè¡°éããŠããããåŸæããæ©æã«ãããŠåèããŠããã
åéšä¹å·ã§ã¯å
šåœã§ãçšã§ãã倿°ã®è£
食åãçºã£ãŠåè¬ããã女æ§äººéªšãªã©20äœä»¥äžãçºæããã山鹿è²å¡ããç¡è £æ®»ã®ä»®é¢ãªã©ãçºæãããé¿é«é»æ©è²å¡ãªã©ããããä¹å·ç¬ç¹ã®æåã圢æããŠããã
å€ä»£ã§ã¯ãä¹å·æ¬å³¶ã¯ããç玫島ã»ç玫掲(ã€ããã®ããŸ)ã(å€äºèšã»æ¥æ¬æžçŽ)ãšåŒã°ããŠãã(åœç£ã¿#æ¯èŒè¡šã#æŽå²æžã«ãããåŒç§°)ã
3äžçŽã«ã¯ãéå¿ãå人äŒã«æžãããŠããããã«å°åœ(äŒéœåœã»å¥Žåœãªã©)ã«åç«ããŠããããããã®åœã
ã¯4-5äžçŽé ãŸã§ç¶æ¿ãããåŸã®é¡ã®åºãã«è¿ãæ¿æ²»å°åãæ¯é
ãã豪æã«æé·ããŠãã£ããåæ¿æš©ããã¯çäž»(ãããã¬ã)ã«ä»»ããããŠãããèšçŽãªã©ã®å²æã«ã¯ä¹å·åå°ã«çã»çäž»ãã¿ãããã 5ã6äžçŽã®ã€ããæ¿æš©ã«ã¯ç玫åœ(åéš)ã»è±åœ(æ±éš)ã»è¥åœ(äžéš)ã»ç襲åœ(åéš)ã®ååºåã«èŠ³å¿µãããŠãããããã¯ä¹å·æç«ä»¥åã®æ¿æ²»çåºåã§ãã£ãã ç¶æ¥æ¬çŽã«ãããšã€ããæ¿æš©ãåŸä»€å¶ãåãå
¥ããã«ããã£ãŠè¥¿æµ·éã®äžéšãšãªããç玫ã¯çååœã»çåŸåœãè±åœã¯è±ååœã»è±åŸåœãè¥åœã¯è¥ååœã»è¥åŸåœã«åå²ããæ¥ååœã®7åœãšå³¶å¶Œéšã®å£±å²åœã»å¯ŸéЬåœã®2åœãæç«(ãã ããæ¥æ¬æžçŽã§ã¯åŸä»€å¶ä»¥åã®æšå€å€©ç17幎(609幎)ã®èšäºã«è¥åŸåã®èšèŒãã)ãåŒä»15幎/倩é·å
幎(824幎)以åŸã¯å€§é
åœã»è©æ©åœãå ããæ¬å9åœãå³¶å¶Œéš2åœãšãªã£ããšããããŸããææå€©çã®æã«ãçŸæžåŸ©èã®æŠã«åããããã«ççŽ«åœæåå®®ã«é·éœããããçæéã§ãããä¹å·ã«åããŠæå»·ã眮ãããããã®åŸãçŸåšã®å€ªå®°åºåžã«ã¯è¥¿æµ·éãçµ±èœã察å€çãªçªå£ãšå€§éžããã®é²è¡ä»»åãå
ŒããŠå€§å®°åºãèšçœ®ãããããŸãã倩æºå€©ç2幎(663幎)ã®çœææ±ã®æŠã以éã«ççŽ«ã«æ°Žåã倧éåãçœ®ãæ¥æ¬ã®é²è¡ã®æåç·ã®åœ¹å²ãæ
ã£ãã
ãªãå€ä»£ä¹å·ã«ã¯7äžçŽæ«ãŸã§ã€ããæ¿æš©ãšã¯ç¬ç«ããçæš©ããã£ããšãã説(ä¹å·çæèª¬)ãããã
äžäžã«ã¯ãåå€ãèªæ²»éœåžãšããŠæ ãããææŽ¥åœã®æž¡èŸºæ°ã®åæµã®æŸæµŠæ°ã®äžæããè€åçŽåã®ä¹±ã«ãããŠå²åã®ãã£ãå€§èµæ¥å®ãæ©å
¬é Œãªã©ã®åå«ãåçããåšå°ã®è±ªæãšãªãã
平家ã®å¢ååã§ãããä¹å·ã®æŠå®¶ã¯å¹³å®¶æ¹ã«å±ããããæ²»æ¿ã»å¯¿æ°žã®ä¹±(æºå¹³åæŠ)ã®è¶šå¢ããèæ± æ°ãæŸæµŠæ°ãã¯ãã諞æ°ã¯æºæ°æ¹ã«å¯è¿ããéåå¹åºã®é®è¥¿åŸ¡å®¶äººãšãªãå°é ã«è£ä»»ãããã
ããããä¹å·ã®æŠå®¶ã¯èŠªå¹³å®¶æ¹ã§ãã£ããããæºé Œæã¯ãæŠåŸåŠçããšããŠãä¹å·ã®åšå°æŠå®¶ãæããããããæ°ããæ±åœåŸ¡å®¶äººã®å°åŒæ°ã島接æ°ã倧忰ãå®è·ãšããŠä¹å·ã«éãããããã®ãäžãè¡ããå¢åã匷ããèæ± æ°ãæŸæµŠæ°ãç§ææ°ãªã©ã®åšå°ã®æŠå®¶ãæãããã®åŸã®ä¹å·ã®æŠå®¶ã®äžæ¢ãšãªãã
éåæä»£ã«ã¯2åºŠã«æž¡ãå
å¯ããããå°åŒæ°ãªã©åä¹å·ã®æŠå£«ãäžå¿ã«æéããåŸã«ããããŸã§ã®ç°åœèŠåºçªåœ¹ã«ä»£ããé®è¥¿æ¢é¡ãèšçœ®ãããã
å
åŒå
幎(1331幎)ã«äº¬éœã«ãããŠåŸéé倩çãå
åŒã®å€ã§èèµ·ãããšãå°åŒæ°ã倧忰ãªã©ãé®è¥¿æ¢é¡ã®åæ¡è±æãæ»æãããéåå¹åºãæ»
亡åŸã«åŸéé倩çã®å»ºæŠã®æ°æ¿ãæç«ããåŸã«è¶³å©å°æ°ã¯æ°æ¿ããé¢åããå°æ°ã¯äº¬éœã§ã®æŠãã«æããŠä¹å·ãžéãããå°åŒæ°ãã¯å°æ°ãè¿ããå®®æ¹ã®èæ± æŠæããå€ã
è¯æµã®æŠãã§ç Žããå°æ°ã¯ä¹å·ã§äœå¢ãæŽããåŸã«äžè²ç¯æ°ã»ä»æšçŸ©é·ããè¶³å©å¢åãšããŠæ®ãã京éœã«äžãã宀çºå¹åºãéãã
åŸéé倩çã¯åé(å¥è¯ç)ã«éããŠåæãéããå®®æ¹ã®æŠå°ã«èªèº«ã®çåãå¥ããããŠåå°ã§åæå¢åã®éçµãåŒã³ãããä¹å·ã«ã¯æè¯èŠªçãå®éœå®®è²æ³°ã«å®ãããŠæŽŸé£ãããèæ± æ°ã«å¥ãããããæè¯èŠªçã¯æããåå¯é®å§ã®èŠè«ã®ããã«æŽŸé£ããã䜿è
ãè¿ãããæ¥æ¬åœçããšããŠåå°ãããŠæã®æš©åšãèæ¯ã«å¢åãåºããããŸããè¶³å©å®¶ã§ã¯èгå¿ã®æŸä¹±ãšåŒã°ããå
çŽãçºçããå°æ°ã®åŽå®€ã®åã§ããè¶³å©çŽå¬ãä¹å·ã§å°æ°ãšæµå¯ŸããŠæŠãã
äžå€®ã§ã¯åæå¢åã¯è¡°åŸ®ãã幌ã3代å°è»è¶³å©çŸ©æºãè£äœãã现å·é Œä¹ãä»å·è²äžãä¹å·ã®åæå¢åèšäŒã®ããã«æŽŸé£ãããšæè¯èŠªçãåå€ã倧宰åºã远ãããè²äžã®åãã§ä¹å·ã®åæå¢åã¯é®å§ããããè²äžã¯ä¹å·ã§ç¬èªã®å¢åãç¯ãããã矩æºã«æé€ããããã®åŸã¯å€§å
æ°ãå°é ããã寧波ã®ä¹±ã§çް巿°ãç Žã£ã倧å
æ°ãšåå€ã®å人ã«ãã倧éžãšã®è²¿æãç¬å ããã
å¿ä»ã®ä¹±ä»¥åŸã¯å°åŒæ°ã¯è¡°éããæŠåœæä»£ã«ã¯å€§åæ°ã倧å
æ°ã島接æ°ãªã©ãæŠåœå€§åã«æé·ããã倩æ12幎(1543幎)ãçš®åå³¶ã«ãã«ãã¬ã«äººã«ããæ¥æ¬ã«åããŠéç ²ãäŒãããåè®è²¿æã®äžå¿å°ãšãªãã倧å矩é®ãæéЬæŽä¿¡ã倧æçŽå¿ ãªã©ã®ããªã·ã¿ã³å€§åãçãŸããã
äž»èŠãªæŠåœå€§å
è¿äžã«ã¯è±è£ç§åã®ä¹å·åŸäŒãçµãŠè±è£æ¿æš©äžã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããåä¹å·ã¯ç§åã«ããæé®®åºå
µã§ããæçŠã»æ
¶é·ã®åœ¹ã®æ ç¹ã§ãã£ãã
æ±æžæä»£ã«ã¯å¹è©äœå¶ã®ç¢ºç«ã«äŒŽãè©æ©è©ãäœè³è©ãçŠå²¡è©ãçæ¬è©ã察銬è©ãã¯ãããšãã諞è©ãæç«ãããæ±æžæä»£ã®éåœäœå¶äžã§ã¯å¹³æžã»åºå³¶ãªã©ã察å€äº€æã®å
¥ãå£ãšãªããé·åŽå¥è¡æãããããã
æ±æžåæã«ã¯å³¶åã®ä¹±ãçºçããã
广«ã«ã¯è©æ©è©ãªã©ãææ²»ç¶æ°ãäž»å°ããéè©ãšãªã£ãã
ãä¹åœããä¹å·ããã³ãä¹å·å°æ¹ãã®å°åã«é¢é£ãã幎衚ã
ç¬¬äžæ¬¡ç£æ¥ã§ã¯ã蟲æ¥ãæŒæ¥ãææ¥ ããã©ã³ã¹ããä¹å·åçã«åºãååžããŠãããåºè·é¡ãå€ããæž©æãªæ°åãå©çšããŠç玫平éã§ã¯ç±³ããªãªã ã®ãå°éºŠã®äºæ¯äœãå±éããããå®®åŽå¹³éã§ã¯ãããŒã«ããŠã¹ãå©çšããéèã®ä¿ææ œå¹ãè¡ãããŠãããå ããŠç±åž¯ã»äºç±åž¯å°åãåç£ã®ãµããã€ã¢ããã³ãŽãŒããã³ã¿ã³ãããããªã©ã®çç£ãè¡ãããŠããã鹿å
å³¶çãå®®åŽçå西éšã«ã¯çš²äœã«ã¯äžåããªã·ã©ã¹å°å°ãåºãããçç£ãçãã§ããã
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡ç£æ¥ã§ã¯ãåä¹å·å·¥æ¥å°åž¯ãäžå¿ã«ãæŽå²çã«ééŒãç³çãªã©ã®çŽ æç£æ¥ããšãã«ã®ãŒç£æ¥ãçãã§ãã£ãããŸããäžè±éå·¥æ¥ãäœäžä¿éå·¥æ¥(é·åŽç)ãªã©ã®é è¹æ¥ã«ä»£è¡šãããéå·¥æ¥ãçãã§ããã»ããä¹
çç±³åžã§ã¯ããªãã¹ãã³ãšãã£ããŽã å·¥æ¥ã倧çç°åžã¯äžæ± çé±ã®ç³çãäžå¿ãšããååŠå·¥æ¥ã延岡åžã§ã¯æåæãç³æ²¹ååŠãäžå¿ãšããååŠå·¥æ¥ãçºå±ããŠããããŸãã1980幎代ã«ã¯ãITç£æ¥ã®é²åºã«ãããåå°äœåéã§ã®äžçã·ã§ã¢ã¯1å²ãå ãããŸã§ã«ãªãããã·ãªã³ã³ã¢ã€ã©ã³ãããšåŒã°ãããããã«1990幎代ããã¯ãããšã¿èªåè»ã»æ¥ç£èªåè»ã»ãã€ããå·¥æ¥ã»ãã³ããªã©èªåè»ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®å·¥å Žã®ç«å°ãé²ã¿ãæ¿å°Ÿå°æ¹ã«æ¬¡ãåœå
ã®èªåè»è£œé æ ç¹ãšãªããå
ã«ãã·ãªã³ã³ã¢ã€ã©ã³ãããšåŒã°ããŠããçµç·¯ãããã«ãŒã¢ã€ã©ã³ãããšåŒã°ããäºããã£ã(äžææã®å°æ°ããŒã¹äžçã·ã§ã¢ã¯1.9%)ã
åæŽ¥çŒã»æç°çŒã»äŒäžéçŒãªã©ã«ä»£è¡šãããé¶ç£åšçç£ã17äžçŽããäŒãã£ãŠããããšãã窯æ¥ãçãã§ãããåä¹å·åžã«æ¬ç€Ÿã眮ãTOTOã¯ãã€ã¬çè¡çæ©åšã®ãããäŒæ¥ã§ããã
ä¹å·ã®ç£æ¥çç£é¡ã«å ããç¬¬äžæ¬¡ç£æ¥ã®å²åãé«ããä¹å·å
šåãåžå ŽãšããŠçºå±ããŠããã
ä¹å·ã§ã®åžå£²æ¥ã¯çŠå²¡çãäžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠãããä¹å·å
šäœã®åžå£²æ¥å¹Žé販売é¡ã®62.5 %ã¯çŠå²¡çå
ã§ãããå°å£²æ¥ã§ã¯å
šè¬çã«é¶çްåºèãçŸè²šåºãäœè¿·ããäžæ¹ã倧ååºã®å¢å ãã¿ãããããŸããä¹å·ã§ã¯ãã©ãã°ã¹ãã¢ã®å£²äžé«ãåºèæ°ã®å¢å ãæ¥æ¬å
šåœçã«ã¿ãŠã倧ããç¹åŸŽãããã
éèã®åéã§ã¯ãéœåžéè¡ã®åºèã¯å°ãªããåçã«å°æ¹éè¡ã®æ¬åºããããå°åã«æ ¹ãããå¶æ¥ç¶²ãå±éããŠããããŸããäžè¯åµæš©ãæ±ããçµå¶å°é£ã«é¥ã£ãå°æ¹éè¡ã®ææžãç®çã«ãè³éåã®ããå°éã«ããåžåå䜵ãé²ãã§ãããä¹å·ç®¡å
ã§ã®æ¥çåç·šãè¡ãããŠããããµããããã£ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã°ã«ãŒãã¯èŠªåéè¡ãçæ¬ãã¡ããªãŒéè¡ãåäžã«å
¥ããè¥¿æ¥æ¬ã·ãã£éè¡ã¯é·åŽéè¡ãåäžã«å
¥ããããŸãå±±å£çã«å°ç€ãããå±±å£ãã£ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã°ã«ãŒãåäžã®å±±å£éè¡ãåä¹å·å°æ¹ã«æ»å¢ããããŠããã2011幎(å¹³æ23幎)10æã«ã¯åä¹å·éè¡ãå±±å£éè¡ã®åä¹å·å°åºéšéããåå²ã»èšç«ãããªã©åä¹å·å°æ¹ã®åããæŽ»çºã§ããã
æ
å ±éä¿¡æ¥ã§ã¯ãITãœãããŠã§ã¢é¢é£ã®ãµãŒãã¹æ¥ã䌞ã³ãŠããããã®å€ããçŠå²¡åžå
ã«éç©ããŠããã
äœçœ®çã«æé®®åå³¶ãäžåœãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ãªã©ã«è¿ããç¹ã«ã¢ãžã¢ãšã®è²¿æã茞éãçãã§ããã
â»é äœã»äººå£ã»å²åã®ããŒã¿ã¯2023幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšã
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ 2004幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšæšèšäººå£ ç·èš [åäœ å人]
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ 2004幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšæšèšäººå£ ç·å¥³å¥ [åäœ å人]
æ²çžçå«ãä¹å·8çã®äž»èŠéœåžãæ²èŒãããããŒã¿ã¯2023幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšã
å°çšéé#ä¹å·å°æ¹ãåç
§
å®æè·¯ç·ãå°±èªãã空枯ã¯ãä¹å·æ¬å³¶å
ã§çŠå²¡çã«ã¯çŠå²¡ç©ºæž¯ãšåä¹å·ç©ºæž¯ã®2ãæããããã®ä»ã®åçã«ã1ãæã¯ååšãããªã©æ¯èŒçæ©æããæŽåãé²ããããŠãããæ±äº¬ã倧éªãäžå¿ãšããæ¬å·ãžã®äŸ¿ã¯å±±éœæ°å¹¹ç·ãšæ¿ããç«¶åããŠããããŸããééã§ã¯è¡ãã«ããååœãåæµ·éãšä¹å·ãçµã¶ç©ºè·¯ããæ²çžæ¬å³¶ãšä¹å·å³¶å
åå°ãžã®ç©ºè·¯ãä¹å·å³¶å
çžäºéã®ç©ºè·¯ããããé¢å³¶ã«ãç©ºæž¯ãæŽåãããä¹å·æ¬å³¶ãšé¢å³¶ãçµã¶ç©ºè·¯ãå€ãå©çšãããŠããã
å°ççã«å€§éæ°åœãäžè¯äººæ°å
±ååœãªã©æ±ã¢ãžã¢ãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ã®åšèŸºåœãæ±äº¬ã倧éªãããè¿ãããšããããä¹å·æ¬å³¶ã§ã¯ãã¹ãŠã®çã«éåœãžã®äŸ¿ããããæå€§èŠæš¡ã®çŠå²¡ç©ºæž¯ã§ã¯åšèŸºåœãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ã»ãã¯ã€ã»ãšãŒãããæ¹é¢ãžã®äŸ¿ãããã
ä¹å·åºèº«ã®èå人ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãªã¹ããåç
§ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E
|
6,108 |
ååœ
|
ååœ(ããã)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬åå³¶ãæ§æããå³¶ã®äžã€ã§ããã
åæµ·éã»æ¬å·ã»ä¹å·ãšãšãã«äž»èŠ4å³¶ã®äžã€ã§ãããããã®äžã§ã¯æãå°ãããæé«æšé«ã¯ç³éå±±ã®1,982mã§ãçŠäºã»ç³å·ã»å²éçå¢ã®äž¡çœå±±å°äžãå³° (2128m) 以西ã®è¥¿æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯æãé«ããé¢ç©ã¯18,297.78kmã§ãäžçã®å³¶ã®äžã§ã¯ããã©ãžã«ã®ãããã«å³¶ã«æ¬¡ã第50äœã®å€§ããã§ããã
ååœãšãã®ä»éããå³¶(å°è±å³¶ã倧äžå³¶ã倧島ãäžå³¶ã䌯æ¹å³¶ãè±å³¶ãªã©)ãåãããŠãååœå°æ¹(ãããã¡ã»ã)ããšèšãããããä»éããå³¶ãå«ããªãããšã匷調ãããå Žåããååœæ¬å(ãããã»ãã©)ããããã¯ãååœå³¶(ããããšã)ããšåŒã¶ããšãããã(æ¥æ¬ã®å°çã»ååœãæ¥æ¬ã®å°åã»ååœå°æ¹ãåç
§)
ååœã«ã¯åŸ³å³¶çãéŠå·çãæåªçãé«ç¥çã®4ã€ã®çãããã4çã®ç·äººå£ã¯çŽ357äžäºº(2023幎æç¹)ã§ããæšªæµåž(çŽ377äžäºº)ããå°ãªãã(衚å³äž ååœå°æ¹ãåç
§)
ååœã®å€ä»£ã®åŒç§°ã¯ããäŒäºä¹äºåå³¶ãã»ãäŒäºäºå掲ã(ããã®ãµããªã®ããŸ)ã§ããã
ååœå°æ¹ãæ§æãã4çã®äžã§ã埳島çã»éŠå·çã»æåªçã¯å³¶å
亀æµãšåãããŠãæ¬å·ååœé£çµ¡æ©(æ¬åæ¶æ©)ãããæ¬å·ãšã®äº€æµãçãã§ããã
西åéšé€ãååœå
šåã¯è¿ç¿å°æ¹ã®åœ±é¿åãæåçã«åŒ·ãåããŠããããæ±éšã®åŸ³å³¶çã¯æ¿æ²»ã»çµæžã«ãããŠã圱é¿ãé¡èã§ãããåæ±éšã®éŠå·çã¯æåã»çµæžã®äž¡é¢ã§å²¡å±±çãšã®ã€ãªãããæ·±ããã髿Ÿèªåè»éãšç¥æžæ·¡è·¯é³Žéèªåè»éã®éé以éã¯åŸ³å³¶çåæ§è¿ç¿å°æ¹ãšã®äº€æµãããæŽ»çºã«ãªã£ãŠããã西éšã®æåªçã¯åºå³¶çãä¹å·ã®å€§åçãšã®äº€æµãèŠããããäžæ¹ã§é«ç¥çã¯éžè·¯ãéºããè¹ã§ã®åŸæ¥ãçºéããé¢ä¿äžãå€ãããäžæ¹ã京éœãè¿äžã¯æ±æžããã®åœ±é¿ã匷ããæ¿æ²»ã»æåçãªäžå€®ãžã®æèãé«ããšãèšãããŠãããè¿å¹Žã¯é«éé路網ã®çºéã«ãããååœå
æåã匷ãŸã£ãŠããã
空海ãæããååœå·¡ç€Œã»å
«åå
«ç®æã¯ãéè·¯ããã§æåã
æ¥æ¬ã®äž»èŠ4å³¶ã®äžã§ãå¯äžæ¿ä»€æå®éœåžãååšããªãã
ç¥ã
ã«ããæ¥æ¬ã®åµé ã®éçšãèšãããå€äºèšãã®åœç£ã¿ç¥è©±ã§ã¯ãååœã¯æ·¡è·¯å³¶ã«ç¶ããæ¥æ¬åå³¶ã§äºçªç®ã«åµé ãããå³¶ã§ãããšãããå€äºèšã«ã¯ãäŒäºä¹äºåå³¶(ããã®ãµããªã®ããŸ)ããšèšãããŠããããŸããæ¥æ¬æžçŽãã§ã¯ãååœãããäŒäºäºå掲(ããã®ãµããªã®ããŸ)ããšè¡šèšããŠããããã£ãŠå€ä»£ã«ãããŠã¯ããäŒäºä¹äºåå³¶ãã»ãäŒäºäºå掲ãããŸãã¯åã«ããäŒäºå³¶ãã»ãäŒäºæŽ²ã(ããã®ããŸãããããŸ)ããäºåå³¶ãã»ãäºå掲ã(ãµããªã®ããŸããµããªããŸ)ããªã©ãšåŒã°ãã(ããã¿ããã¯äºäžŠã³ã®æ)ã
è¿äžä»¥éã¯ãäºç¿äžéã®åæµ·éã®ãã¡ãçŽäŒåœãšæ·¡è·¯åœãé€ããé¿æ³¢åœã»è®å²åœã»äŒäºåœã»åäœåœã®4ã€ã®ä»€å¶åœãååšããããšããããååœããšåŒã°ãããæŽå²æžã§ã¯ãªããã16äžçŽã®æŠåœæä»£ãæããè»èšç©èªãšããŠç¥ããããé°åŸ³å€ªå¹³èšã(享ä¿2幎(1717幎)åºç)åºã«ããå±±é°å±±éœååœä¹å·ãã®èšèŒãããããã®ãããªè¿äžã®æžç©ã«ãããŠãæç¢ºã«ãååœããšããåç§°ãèŠåºãããšãã§ããã
çŽ1900äžå¹Žåã®æ¥æ¬åå³¶ã®èªçã«äŒŽããååœã®å身ãèªçãããç¬æžå
æµ·ãæãã§ãè¿ç¿å°æ¹ã»å±±éœå°æ¹ã»ä¹å·ã«äžæ¹ãå²ãŸããäœçœ®ã«ãããå³¶ã®äžéšã«ã¯ãåçãåæãããããªåœ¢ã§ååœå±±å°ãè®å²å±±èã®å±±ã
ããã³ããŠããããã®å°åœ¢ãè¿å¹ŽãŸã§åå°åéã®äº€æµãå°é£ã«ããŠããã
äžå€®æ§é ç·ãåéå·å岞ããäœç°å²¬åå³¶ã«ãããŠæ±è¥¿ã«è²«ããŠãããæ§é ç·ä»¥åã®å
垯(è¥¿åæ¥æ¬å
垯)ã«åœããå°æ¹ã§ã¯ãäžçå±€ã»å€çå±€ãšããã貫ãç«æå²©ãååžããŠãããæ§é ç·ä»¥åã®å€åž¯(è¥¿åæ¥æ¬å€åž¯)ã«åœããå°æ¹ã§ã¯ãååŽããååŽã«ãããŠäžçå±€ã»å€çå±€ã圢æãããé ã«é
åããŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã®å³¶ã®äžã§ã¯ä¹å·ã«æ¬¡ã第4äœãäžçã®å³¶ã®äžã§ã¯ãã©ãžã«ã®ãããã«å³¶ã«æ¬¡ã第50äœã®é¢ç©ãæã€ãæé«æšé«ã¯ãç³éå±±ã®å€©çå²³(æåªç)ã®1,982 mã
å°è³ªåŠçã«ã¯ãååœã¯åããããã«äžæ³¢å·åž¯(ã»ãŒåéå·ããã)ãç§©ç¶åž¯(ååœå±±å°)ãåäžåå±€(åäžåå·)ãã»ãŒæ±è¥¿ã«ååžãããã®éãäžå€®æ§é ç·ã埡è·éŸæ§é ç·ãä»åæ§é ç·ãèµ°ã£ãŠããã
埳島çã®åéå·æµå以åãéŠå·çå
šåãæåªçæ±äºå°æ¹ãäžäºå°æ¹ã®ãç¬æžå
æµ·ã«é¢ããååŽã¯ãç¬æžå
æµ·åŒæ°åã«å±ããæž©æå°éšãªæ°åã§ãããå°é¢šçã®çŽæãæ¯èŒçå°ãªãããã®ããããªãªãŒãããã«ã³ã®æ œå¹ãçãã§ããããã®åé¢ãå€§èŠæš¡ãªæ²³å·ã¯å€ªå¹³æŽãçŽäŒæ°Žéã«æµã蟌ã圢ãšãªã£ãŠãããããæ°Žè³æºã«æµãŸãããéå»å¹ŸåºŠãã®æžæ°Žã«èŠèãããŠããããã®ãããæºæ¿æ± ãåããšããããæ± ã倿°é ãããŠããããã®äžã§ãç¹ã«ãéŠå·çã¯å€æ¥ããæ°Žäžè¶³ã«æ©ãŸããç¶ããŠãããæžæ°Žå¯ŸçãšããŠåéå·ã®æ°Žãéæ°Žããããã®éŠå·çšæ°Žã建èšãããŠããã
å¬ããæ¥ã«ãããŠãäžåœå€§éžããæµå
¥ããé»ç ããã°ãã°èŠ³æž¬ããããå¬ã¯å°éšãå°éª(ã¿ãã)ã®éãæ¥ãããããåºæ¬çã«æŽå€©ãå€ããå¹³ééšã§ã¯å€§éªã«ãªãããšã¯ã»ãšãã©ãªãããå±±ééšã§ã¯æ°æž©ãäœãå¬ã¯ç©éªãå€ãããªãã倪平æŽé«æ°å§ã«èŠãããå€å£ã«ã¯ç¬æžå
æµ·æ²¿å²žç¹æã®ãåªãããååœå±±å°è¶ãã®ãã§ãŒã³çŸè±¡ã«äŒŽãæ°æµã®åœ±é¿ã§ãçææ¥ãç±åž¯å€ã«ãªãæ¥ãå°ãªããªãã
埳島çã®ã»ãšãã©ã®å°åããæåªçåäºå°æ¹ã»é«ç¥çå
šåã®å€ªå¹³æŽã«é¢ããååŽã¯ã倪平æŽåŽæ°åã«å±ããŠãããå€ªå¹³æŽæ²åãæµãã黿œ®ã®åœ±é¿ãåããŠå¬ã§ãæž©æã§ãäžéšã§ç¡éå°åž¯ãååšãããæ¥ã®èšªããæ©ãæ¬åã§æåã®æ¡ã®éè±å®£èšãé«ç¥åžãŸãã¯å®åå³¶åžãšãªãããšãå°ãªããªãããã®ãããç¹ã«é«ç¥çã§ã¯ä¿ææ œå¹ãçãã§ãã£ãããããéçããŒã ã®ãã£ã³ãå°ã«ãªã£ãããšãæž©æãªæ°åãçãããç£æ¥ãè¡äºãçºéããŠããã
幎ééæ°Žéãå€ãããšããææ¥ãçãã§ããããäžæ¹ã§é«ç¥çã®å®€æžå²¬ãšè¶³æºå²¬ã§ã¯ãå°é¢šãæ¥è¥²ããããããšãããå°é¢šé座ããšåŒã°ããŠããããã®ããã宀æžå°é¢šããªã©ã®å€§åå°é¢šãçŽæããæŽªæ°Žãªã©ã®è¢«å®³ãåããŠããããªãã宀æžå°é¢šãã§ã¯ã宀æžå²¬äžéžæã®äžå¿æ°å§ã¯911.6hPaã§ãããæ¥æ¬æ¬åã«äžéžããå°é¢šã®ãªãã§èŠ³æž¬å²äžæãäžéžæã®äžå¿æ°å§ãäœãå°é¢šã ã£ããããã¯å緯床ã®å°é¢šã«ãããäžå¿æ°å§ã®æäœèšé²(å°é¢šã®æ£åŒãªçµ±èšã¯1951幎(æå26幎)ããéå§ãããããããã®èšé²ã¯åèèšé²æ±ã)ãšããŠãããŸã ã«ç ŽãããŠããªãããŸããæåªçåäºå°æ¹ããã³é«ç¥ç幡å€å°æ¹ã§ã¯ãå¬ã¯é¢é海峡ããã®å£ç¯é¢šã®åœ±é¿ã§æããéšãéªã®æ¥ãä»ã®å€ªå¹³æŽåŽã®å°åã«æ¯ã¹ããšå€ããªã£ãŠããã
ååœã¯ãç¿å
ããå西åŽã«äœçœ®ããŠãããæµ·è·¯ã§ç§»åããããã«ãäºç¿äžéã§ã¯åçŽã淡路島ãšäžç·ã«åæµ·éã«å«ãŸããŠãããè¿ç¿ã»ä¹å·èªè·¯ã®èŠæã§ãã£ãååœã®è¥¿åéšã«äœçœ®ããäŒäºåœã®éåŸæž©æ³ãªã©ã¯ãèæå€©çãææå€©çã®å
¥æµŽèšé²(æ¥æ¬æžçŽ)ãããã»ããå±±éšèµ€äººã»é¡ç°çã®æ¥æµŽèšé²(äžèé)ããããªã©ãå€ãããæ ããŠãããšæãããã
å¹³æ°ãéœèœã¡ããéãå®åŸ³å€©çãæããŠå±å³¶ãäžæçãªæ¬æ å°ãšããããããã®å°ã§æºå¹³äž¡è»ãäºã£ããå®€çºæä»£ã¯çް巿°ãè®å²ã»é¿æ³¢ã»åäœã®äžåœããæ²³éæ°ãäŒäºãããããå®è·ããã
æŠåœæä»£ã®ååœã®å€§åãšããŠã¯ãäžå¥œãæ ç¹ãšãé¿æ³¢åœããå±±ååœã«ããã8åœãæ¯é
åã«åããäžå¥œé·æ
¶ããåäœã®å°äº¬éœããšãåŒã°ããŠããäžæãæ ç¹ãšããåäœäžæ¡æ°ãäŒäºåœéåŸã®æ¹¯ç¯åãæ¬æ ãšããæ°Žè»ãæããæ²³éæ°ãè®å²ã®éŠå·æ°ãåäœåœã®ååœã®èŠè
ã§ããé·å®æéšå
芪ãªã©ãé«åã§ããããé·ãéšä¹±ã®æ«ã«åæã«åãããäžæã¯é·å®æéšæ°ãååœãçµ±äžãããã®ã®ããããŠè±è£ç§åã«ããå¹³å®ããããåäœã®å€§åã§ãã£ãé·å®æéšç芪ã¯é¢ã¶åã®æŠãã§è¥¿è»ã«ã€ãæ¹æãããã
æ±æžæä»£ã«ãªããšããããŸã§ååœåå°ãæ²»ããŠããæŠåœå€§åã¯ååœããé§éãããå¹åºåŸ³å·æ°ã®ä¿¡ä»»åã諞å°ããã®å°ã«å°ããããããšã«ãªã£ããåããè®å²ã«çé§æ°ãé¿æ³¢ã«èé è³æ°ãåäœãå±±å
æ°ãšäžåœäžåæ¯é
ãèš±ããããã®ã¡ã«çé§æ°ãéšåãèµ·ãããŠæ¹æããããšè®å²ã¯äºåå²çµ±æ²»ããããäŒäºã¯åãããå°å€§åãé
眮ãããäžåœçµ±æ²»ã¯ãããªãã£ãããªããç¬æžå
æµ·ã®å°è±å³¶ãšå¡©é£œè«žå³¶ã¯å€©é ãšããŠåæ·ä»£å®æã®æ¯é
äžã«çœ®ãããã ååœã®ä»£è¡šçãªè©ã«ã¯ãé¿æ³¢åœãšæ·¡è·¯åœãçš²ç°æ°ã®ç¥è¡å°ãšããèé è³æ°ã®åŸ³å³¶è©ãæ°ŽæžåŸ³å·å®¶ã®åå®¶ã®é«æŸè©ãå±±å
æ°ãæ²»ããåäœè©ãå è€æ°ãä¹
æŸæŸå¹³å®¶(芪è©)ãªã©ãé ããäŒäºæŸå±±è©ãä»å°äŒéæ°ã®åå®¶ãæ²»ããå®åå³¶è©ãªã©ã§ãã£ãã
广«ç¶æ°ã«ãããŠåäœè©ãçµå§æ¿å±ã«é¢ããç¶ããåäœè©åºèº«ã®åæ¬éŸéЬãã®ä»²ä»ã§è©é·åçããªã£ããæèŸ°æŠäºã«ãããŠãåäœè©ã¯å®è»ãšããŠåå°ã転æŠãåãæãããææ²»æã®èªç±æ°æš©éåãå
åäœè©å£«æ¿å£éå©ããäžå¿ãšããŠèµ·ãã£ãããã以åã«ééµäŒè°(ååœäŒè°)ãåäœè©ããæå±ãããååœããŸãšãäžããåãšãªã£ããããããæ°å¹Žã§è§£æ£ãåœãããããæåªçããæ£å²¡åèŠãªãæè±ªã茩åºãããææ²»æåã«è²¢ç®ããã
æŽå²çã«ã¯å
šçãç¿å
ãšã®ç¹ããã®åŒ·ãå°åã§ãã£ãããéžè·¯äº€æµã®æŽ»çºåãšæµ·è·¯äº€æµã®è¡°éã«ãã埳島çã¯è¿ç¿å°æ¹ãšãéŠå·çã¯å²¡å±±çãšãæåªçã¯åºå³¶çãšã®çµæžæŽ»åãå€ããªã£ãŠãããç¹ã«åŸ³å³¶ç沿岞éšã¯ãæ¥åžžçã«äº¬éªç¥ãšã®çµæžäº€æµãçãã§ããã圱é¿ã倧ããã倪平æŽã«é¢ãäžæ¹ãå±±ã«å²ãŸããé«ç¥çã¯ç¹ã«å¯Ÿå€ççµæžäº€æµã掻çºãªå°åã¯ãªãã£ãã
è¿å¹Žã¯é«ééè·¯ç¶²ã®æŽåã«ããå³¶å
ã§ã®äº€æµãé«ç¥çãå«ãåç倧å¹
ã«å¢å ãã2010幎çŸåšã§ã¯æ¬å·ã§ã¯ãªãå³¶å
ã§ã®çµæžç亀æµãæãçããšãªã£ãŠããã
2017幎(å¹³æ29幎床)ã®ååœåçã®åå
ç·çç£ã¯ãåç®ã§14å
5820å5000äžåã§ãããå
šåœã®ç·çç£(æ¥æ¬ã®GDP)ã«å ããçµæžèŠæš¡ã¯2.60%ã ã£ãããããä»ã®éœéåºçãšæ¯ã¹ããšãèšåç(13.8å
å)ãã倧ãããé岡ç(17.3å
å)ããå°ããããŸãã1人åœããçæ°æåŸã¯åçå
šãŠã«ãããŠæ¥æ¬ã®1人åœããå¹³åæåŸãäžåã£ãŠããã
ååœç¬æžå
æµ·åŽã¯å€ªå¹³æŽãã«ãå°åž¯ã«äœçœ®ããŠãããååºåžã»äžžäºåžã»ååœäžå€®åžã»æ°å±
æµåžã»è¥¿æ¡åžã»ä»æ²»åžããã³æŸå±±åžãªã©ãäžå¿ã«ãç¬æžå
å·¥æ¥å°åã圢æãããŠããã埳島åžãšè¥¿æ¡åžã¯ãæ°ç£æ¥éœåžå»ºèšä¿é²æ³ã«åºã¥ããŠæå®ãããæ°ç£æ¥éœåž(å·¥æ¥éçºã®æ ç¹å°å)ã§ãã£ãã
â»é äœã»äººå£ã»å²åã¯ä»€å2(2020)幎åœå¢èª¿æ»ã«ããã
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ 2004幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšæšèšäººå£ ç·èš [åäœ å人]
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ 2004幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšæšèšäººå£ ç·å¥³å¥ [åäœ å人]
2010幎åœå¢èª¿æ»æã®ååœã«ãããèªæ²»äœã¯95åžçºæã§ãããããã®ãã¡2005幎åœå¢èª¿æ»ãšæ¯ã¹äººå£ãå¢å ããã®ã¯8åžçºã®ã¿ã§ãã以å€ã®87åžçºæã¯å
šãŠæžå°ããŠããããã®ããååœå
šäœã¯ããšãããçåäœã§ã4çå
šãŠã§æžå°ãšãªã£ãŠãããçå¥ã«ã¿ããšæãæžå°çãé«ãã®ã¯é«ç¥çã®âœ4.00%ã§ã以äžã埳島çâœ3.02%ãæåªçâœ2.47%ãéŠå·çâœ1.64%ãšç¶ããéã«ãå¢å ããèªæ²»äœã¯éŠå·çã®3åžçºã埳島çã®3çºãæåªçããã³é«ç¥çã®ãããã1åžã§ãããçåºæåšå°å¥ã§ã¯å¢å ããã®ã髿ŸåžãšæŸå±±åžã®ã¿ã§åååœãšåååœã§ææãåããã圢ã«ãªã£ããã埳島çã®å¢å 3çºã¯ãããã埳島åžã«é£æ¥ãããããã¿ãŠã³ã§ãããçåºæåšå°ä»¥å€ã§ã¯åŸ³å³¶çã®äžèš3çºã®ã»ããéŠå·ç第äºã®éœåžã§ããäžžäºåžãšããã«é£æ¥ããç¶Ÿæé¡å®å€æŽ¥çºãé«ç¥çéŠååžã§äººå£ãå¢å ãããæåªçã§ã¯çåºæåšå°ã§ããæŸå±±åžä»¥å€ã§äººå£ãå¢å ããåžçºæã¯ååšããªãã£ãã
æãæžå°çãé«ãé«ç¥çåäœé¡å€§å·æã¯å¯äžã®âœ20%è¶ããšãªã£ãŠããã»ããäžäœ6äœãŸã§ãå
šãŠé«ç¥çã®èªæ²»äœãšãªã£ãŠããããã®ä»ã®æžå°çãé«ãèªæ²»äœã«ã¯ãæŠãåååœã®å€ªå¹³æŽæ²¿å²žãäžå€®éšã®ååœå±±å°ã«äœçœ®ããèªæ²»äœãå€ãã
åçåŽåçã®åœç«ç€ŸäŒä¿éã»äººå£åé¡ç ç©¶æãçºè¡šãããæ¥æ¬ã®å°åå¥å°æ¥æšèšäººå£(å¹³æ30(2018)幎æšèš)ãã§ã2045幎ã®ååœ4çã®ç·äººå£ã¯282äž3å人ã§ã15å¹Žã«æ¯ã¹ãŠ102äž3å人(26%)æžå°ããããšãããã£ãããã 40幎æç¹ã§ã¯ååæšèšãäžåã300äžäººå°ãç¶æãããªã©æžå°ããŒã¹ã«ç·©ååŸåãèŠãããã
åç ç©¶æã¯äººå£æšèšã5幎ããšã«ãŸãšããŠå
¬è¡šããŠãããå
šåœã®ç·äººå£ã«å ããååœ4çã®æ¯çã¯15幎ã®3.0%ãã45幎ã«ã¯2.7%ã«äœäžããã4çã§ã¯é«ç¥çãé³¥åçã«æ¬¡ãã§å
šåœã§äžãã2çªç®(15幎æç¹ã¯å3çªç®)ã«ãªããè¿å¹Žã®åºççã®æ¹ååŸåãèæ¯ã«ãååèª¿æ»æããäººå£æžå°ããŒã¹ãéåããåŸåãèŠããããååœå
šäœã§ã¯40幎æç¹ã®äººå£ã¯åå調æ»ã®295äž5å人ããã5äž1å人å€ãã£ããéŠå·ã4äž2å人ãæåªã6å人ã埳島ã3å人ããããäžåã£ããäžæ¹ãé«ç¥ã¯71人ãšããããªããååãäžåã£ãã
å°åã«ããæ Œå·®ãç®ç«ã€ã45幎ãš15幎ã®äººå£ãæ¯ã¹ããšã髿Ÿåžã1岿žã«ãšã©ãŸãã»ããç¬æžå€§æ©åšèŸºã®èªæ²»äœã®æžå°çã¯å°ããã埳島åžã®ãããã¿ãŠã³ã§ãã埳島çåå³¶çºã¯ååœã§å¯äžå¢å ããèŠéããäžæ¹ãäžå±±éå°ã§ã¯é«ç¥ç倧è±çºã7岿žãæåªçä¹
äžé«åçºã6å²åŒ·ã®æžå°ãèŠèŸŒãã
ååœã«ã¯çªåºããŠå€§ããªéœåžããªããå°åœ¢çå¶çŽããåçã«ç¬ç«ããéœåžåãååšããããŸããå€ãããæµ·äžäº€éãçãã§ãã£ããããåå°ãšãã«å¯Ÿå²žãšã®äº€æµãçãã§ããã
ååœå°æ¹ã䟿å®çã«2ã€ã®å°åã«åããå Žåãããã
ã©ã®åºçºå°ããã察ååœå
ãžã®æµåãæãå€ããå
šäœã®æµåæ°ã«å ããå²åã¯æäœã§ã50%ãæé«ã§95%ãå ããŠãããååœå
ã®çåºæåšå°å¥ã§ã¯ãç¹ã«é«æŸåžãäœçœ®ããéŠå·æ±éšãç®çå°ãšããŠå
šãŠã§éŠäœãšãªã£ãŠããã»ããååœå€ãšã®æµåã§ã¯ã埳島ãç¥æžãéŠå·æ±éšã岡山çåãæŸå±±ããã³é«ç¥ãæ±äº¬23åºãæãå€ããªã£ãŠãããå
šãŠã®åºçºå°å¥ããã¯5äœä»¥å
ã«éŠå·æ±éšã»é«ç¥äžå€®ã6äœä»¥å
ã«éŠå·è¥¿éšã8äœä»¥å
ã«æ°å±
æµã11äœä»¥å
ã«æŸå±±ã12äœä»¥å
ã«æ±äº¬23åºã»å€§éªã»å²¡å±±çåã14äœä»¥å
ã«åŸ³å³¶ãååœå
å
šãŠã®åºçºå°ãç®çå°ãšããŠããã
ãã€ãŠã¯ãã埳島ã¯è¿ç¿(倧éªã»ç¥æž)ãåãã髿Ÿã¯å²¡å±±ãåããæŸå±±ã¯åºå³¶ãåãããããŠé«ç¥ã¯å€ªå¹³æŽ(ãŸãã¯æ±äº¬)ãåããŠããããšèšããããååœã¯äžã€äžã€ããªã©ãšé¢šåºãããããšããã£ãããããã20äžçŽæ«ããé«ééè·¯ç¶²ã®æŽåã«ãã£ãŠååœå
ã®çžäºäº€æµãæ·±ãŸãã21äžçŽåé ã«ã¯ãããŸã§çãã ã£ãæ¬å·ã®éœåžãåé§ããã«è³ã£ãã
1990幎(å¹³æ2幎)æç¹ã§ã®ç¶æ³ã¯åŸ³å³¶ã髿ŸãæŸå±±ãšãååœå€ãšã®äº€æµäººå£ã®æ¹ãå€ããé«ç¥ã®ã¿ååœå
ãšã®äº€æµã®æ¹ãå€ãã£ãããæµåæ°èªäœãéåžžã«å°ãªãã£ããååœå€ãšã®ç¹ããã§ã¯åŸ³å³¶ã京éªç¥ãéŠå·æ±éšã岡山çåãæŸå±±ãåºå³¶ã»å€§éªãå
«å¹¡æµã倧åãšãã£ãå°åãšåŒ·ããç¹ã«éŠå·æ±éšãšå²¡å±±çåãšã®æµåæ°ã¯ä»ã«çªåºããŠå€ãã£ãã
1990幎(å¹³æ2幎)ãš2010幎(å¹³æ22幎)ã®å€åã§ã¯ãååœå
šåã§ååœå
ã®çžäºäº€æµãéåžžã«æŽ»çºã«ãªã£ãããšãç®çå°ãšããŠã®æµåãéŠå·æ±éšã«éäžããããšã«ããåå°åã亀æµã®äžå¿ãšããŠã®æ§æ Œã匷ããããšãæããããããŸã倧ããªå€åãšããŠéŠå·æ±éšã«ããã埳島ãšå²¡å±±çåã®é¢ä¿æ§ãé転ããããã«ãã®æ°ã1990幎ã®å²¡å±±çåããã2010幎ã®åŸ³å³¶ã®æ¹ãå€ããå§åçãªå·®ãã€ããŠããã
ãã®ä»ã«ããé«ééè·¯ã®æå€§å¿åå
(æãå€ãã®è»äž¡ãç®æãç®çå°)ã¯ååœåçãšã髿Ÿã§ãããååœå°æ¹ã§ã¯é«æŸãäžå¿ãšããçžäºäº€æµãæ ¹ä»ããŠããããã®ããã«å°åãããã¯ã®ä»£è¡šçãªéœåžã«äººã®æµããéäžããäžå¿æ§ãé«ããåŸåã¯å¹Žã
é¡èã«ãªã£ãŠãã(詳现ã¯#é«ééè·¯ãåç
§)ã
ååœå³¶å
ã®äº€æµã«é¢ããŠãé«ééè·¯ã®ãšãã¯ã¹ãã€ãŠã§ã€å以åŸã¯ååœã¢ã€ã©ã³ããªãŒã°(çŸã»ååœã¢ã€ã©ã³ããªãŒã°plus)ã®çºè¶³ãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠãããäžäœæã匷ããåŸåã«ãããåçããããã®æŽå²ã圹å²ãçããã飿ºãæ·±ããæ®µéã«å
¥ã£ãŠãããä»åŸãååœ4çãäžã€ã®å°åãšããŠäžäœãšãªã£ãæåã»çµæžæŽ»åã芳å
èªèŽãé²ãã§ãããšäºæ³ãããŠãã(ãéãåœååœããã£ã³ããŒã³ãªã©ã®å®çžŸããã)ã
éœåžéçšåã«æ ããéœåžåãã¯ä»¥äžã®éããâ»2010幎(å¹³æ22幎)åœå¢èª¿æ»åºæº
åœå¢èª¿æ»ã«ãããŠç·åççµ±èšå±ã®å®çŸ©ããéœåžåãšããŠã¯æŸå±±éœåžåãååœã§å¯äžæ²èŒãããŠããããã®ä»ãæ±ç¬æžçµæžå(ç¬æžå
ãã¯ããå°åãçµæžçã«äžäœãšããŠã¿ãçµ±èšäžã®åŒç§°)ãªã©ãããã
2000幎(å¹³æ12幎)調æ»ãã2005幎(å¹³æ17幎)調æ»ã§ã¯åéœåžåã®æ çµã¿ãå€åããäºäŸãèŠããããå
·äœçã«ã¯ãå¹³æã®å€§å䜵ã«ãã£ãŠéå€èªæ²»äœãäžå¿åžã«ç·šå
¥ãããããäžžäºéœåžåã®ããã«ã¢ãŒã¿ãªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æµžéã«ããä»éœåžã®éå€åã§éœåžåèªäœãæ¶æ»
ããããéã«è¥¿æ¡éœåžåã®ããã«æ¢åã®éœåžåããé¢è±ããŠæ°ããªéœåžåã圢æããèªæ²»äœãèŠãããã
ååœã«ã¯é£ã³æããŠå€§ããªéœåžã¯ãªããã4ã€ã®çåºæåšå°ã«äººå£ãããçšåºŠéäžããåçã«ããããã©ã€ã¡ã€ãã·ãã£ãšãªã£ãŠããã ãã®ä»ã¯äžèŠæš¡ãªéœåžã§ããã人å£10äžäººãè¶
ããåžã§ããé·ããæ°å±
æµåžãšä»æ²»åžã®2éœåžãããªãã£ãã
å¹³æã®å€§å䜵ã®çµæãæŸå±±åžã50äžäººã髿Ÿåžã40äžäººã®å€§å°ã«ä¹ããæ°ãã«è¥¿æ¡åžãšäžžäºåžã10äžäººãè¶
ãã仿²»åžã17äžäººã«å¢å€§ããã ãããã人å£åæ
ã¯æŸå±±åžãšé«æŸåžãšäžžäºåžã暪ã°ãã§ãããã®ã®ããã®ä»ã®éœåžã¯ã倧ããæžå°ããŠããŸã£ãŠããã
äžèšä»¥å€ã®çåºæåšå°
åçã®è¡šç€ºé ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ããŸããŸãªè¡šç€ºé ãååšããã(åœäºå
žã§ã¯å°æ¹å
Œ
±å£äœã³ãŒãã®è¡šç€ºé ã䜿çš)
髿ŸåžãšæŸå±±åžã®éã§ã¯ä»¥åãããååœã®äžå¿éœåžããšãã座ãå·¡ã£ãŠè«äºãç¹°ãè¿ãããŠããããç¹ã«è¿å¹Žã¯éå·å¶ã«äŒŽãå·éœ(ééœã以äžã§ã¯ãééœããšè¡šèšãã)ã®èªèŽã«é¢é£ããè«äºãæ¿åããŠããã以äžã®éœåžãããããäžå¿ãšãããç«¶åããŠããã(âååœã®éå·å¶è«è°ãæ¥æ¬ã®éå·å¶è«è°)
æ¬å·ååœé£çµ¡æ©å
¬å£ã®äº€ééã®ããŒãž
ååœã¯ãå€ããããç¿å
ããå°ççã«ã¯æ¯èŒçè¿è·é¢ã«äœçœ®ããªãããè¹ã§ã®ç§»åãäœåãªããããŠããããã€ãŠã¯å€§éªåºã®æ·±æ¥ããè¹ã§æ·¡è·¯å³¶ã®æŽ²æ¬åžãžæž¡ããæ·¡è·¯ééãªã©ãå©çšããŠæŽ²æ¬ããçŠè¯ãŸã§æ·¡è·¯å³¶å
ãç§»åãçŠè¯ããè¹ããã§ãªãŒã§ã鳎éãžæž¡ããšããã®ãæãäžè¬çãªã«ãŒãã§ãã£ããããã«é¢é£ããŠã淡路島ã®åã®ç±æ¥ã®äžèª¬ã«ãé¿æ³¢ãžè¡ãã¿ã¡ã®æå³ã§ãé¿æ³¢è·¯å³¶ãã ãšãã説ãããã
å³¶æ°ãæ¬å·ãšåŸæ¥ããå Žåã¯ãç¬æžå
æµ·ã«æ¶æ©ããããŸã§ãè¹è¶ãçšããã®ãåžžã§ãã£ã(æåã«å
¥ã£ãŠããã¯èªç©ºè·¯ã)ã
æµ·ãæ¬å·ãšã®åŸæ¥ãäžäŸ¿ã«ããŠããäžæ¹ã§ãéžã«ãããŠã¯ãã®å³¶ã®å°åœ¢ãå³¶å
ã®åŸæ¥ãé»ãã ãååœã暪æããããã«ååœå±±å°ãèµ°ã£ãŠãããé·å€§ãã³ãã«ã®åæšæè¡ã確ç«ãããŸã§ééãéè·¯ã®æŽåã¯å°é£ã極ããã
éé亀éã¯åœåæ¬å·ã®å±±éœæ¬ç·ã«é£çµ¡ãã圢ã§äŒäºééãè®å²ééãªã©ã建èšããããã®åŸåçããšã«åäœé»æ°ééã埳島ééãªã©ã®è·¯ç·ãæŽåãããŠãããåçã®çåºæåšå°ããäºãã«ééã§ç§»åã§ããããã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯æååæã«ãªã£ãé ã§ããã
20äžçŽã«å
¥ã£ãŠééãæŽåãããã«ã€ããååœå
ã»æ¬å·åæ¹ã«å¯Ÿãã亀éè³äŸ¿æ§ãã髿Ÿåžã«äŒæ¥ã®ååœæ¯åºçã眮ãããã20äžçŽæ«é ããã¯ååœå
ã®é«ééè·¯ç¶²ã®æ¥éãªé²å±ã3æ¬ã®æ¬å·ååœé£çµ¡æ©ãæ¶ããããããšããã£ãŠã¢ãŒã¿ãªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ãé²è¡ããé·è·é¢ç§»åææ®µã®äžå¿ããããŸã§ã®ééããèªå®¶çšè»ãé«éãã¹ãžå€åããããã®ããšã«ãã京éªç¥ã»æ·¡è·¯å³¶ã«è¿ã鳎éåžãåã³äº€éã®èŠè¡ãšãªãã€ã€ãããäžæ¹ã§ããã§ãªãŒã¯é«éãã¹ã«å®¢ãåãããããã«21äžçŽã«å
¥ã£ãŠããã¯çž®å°ã廿¢ãçžæ¬¡ãã ã
ãªããååœ4çã®ãå
šèªåè»ã«å¯Ÿãã軜èªåè»ã®ä¿æã·ã§ã¢ã(2016幎3ææ«çŸåšãå
šåœå¹³å39.0%)ã¯51.0%ãšãå°æ¹å¥ã§ã¯å¯äžåæ°ãè¶
ããŠããã軜èªåè»ã¯ãæ®éè»ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠå®äŸ¡ãªæéèšå®ã«ãªã£ãŠãããããããæ®éè»ãããçè²»ãè¯ããããååœã§ã¯ãã€ã«ãŒç§»åãäº€éææ®µãšããŠå®çããŠããã
å
šåœå¹³åãšæ¯èŒããååœå
šäœã®åŸåãšããŠãå
Œ
±äº€éæ©é¢(ééã»é»è»ããã¹ããã€ã€ãŒã»ã¿ã¯ã·ãŒ)ã®å²åãæ¥µç«¯ã«äœããçžå¯Ÿçã«äººåç³»(åŸæ©ãèªè»¢è»)ãšèªå®¶çšè»ç³»(èªå®¶çšèªåè»ããªãŒããã€)ã®å ããå²åãé«ããªã£ãŠããã埳島åžã¯ãã®åŸåãæãé¡èã§ãé«ç¥åžã¯ååœã®å¹³åå€ã«è¿äŒŒããŠãããæŸå±±åžã¯äººåç³»ã®å²åãæ¯èŒçé«ããå
Œ
±äº€éæ©é¢ã®å²åãå¹³åããã¯é«ãã»ããèªå®¶çšè»ç³»ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãªãŒããã€ã®å²åãçªåºããŠé«ãäžæ¹ã§ãèªå®¶çšè»å²åã®äœãããããçžæ®ºããŠãããããçµæèªå®¶çšè»ç³»ã®å²åã4çäžæãäœããªã£ãŠãããç¹åŸŽçãªã®ã髿Ÿåžã§ãèªå®¶çšè»ç³»ã®å²åã¯ååœåå°ãšåæ§ã«é«ãã°ãããæé«å€ã瀺ããŠããäžæ¹ãååœå
šäœã®åŸåãšã¯éã«å
Œ
±äº€éæ©é¢ã®å²åãé«ãã°ããããããæé«å€ã瀺ãã人åç³»å²åã®äœããåžåããçµæãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãã髿Ÿåžã®å
Œ
±äº€éæ©é¢ã®å²åã¯ééã«å€§ããåã£ãŠããããã¹ããã³ã¿ã¯ã·ãŒã®å²åã¯æäœãšãªã£ãŠããã
JRååœã¯ã髿ŸãšæŸå±±ã»é«ç¥ã»åŸ³å³¶ã®éœåžéãçµã¶åç·ãšå²¡å±±ãçµã¶ç¬æžå€§æ©ç·ãã¡ã€ã³ã«ãŒããšãããé»ååºéã¯äºè®ç·ã®é«æŸ - æŸå±± - äŒäºåžãšç¬æžå€§æ©ç·ãåè®ç·ã®å€åºŠæŽ¥ - çŽå¹³ãè€ç·åºéã¯äºè®ç·ã®é«æŸ - å€åºŠæŽ¥ãšç¬æžå€§æ©ç·ã®äžéšã®ã¿ã§ããã
æ¥æ¬ã®äž»èŠ4å³¶ã®äžã§å¯äžæ°å¹¹ç·ãèµ°è¡ããŠããªãã
åœéæä»£ãæ¯èŒçæ©æã«ç¡ç
å(èžæ°æ©é¢è»ãããã£ãŒãŒã«è»èŒãžçœ®æ)ããèªåä¿¡å·åãæšé²ããããããã®åŸã¯èšåãæœèšã®æ¹åãåŸåãã«ãããåœéæ«æãŸã§ååœå³¶å
ã®åœéç·ã«é»ååºéãååšããªãã£ãã2006幎çŸåšã§ããéŠå·çãšæåªçãçµã¶äºè®ç·ã®äžéšãªã©ãç©æ¥µçã«é»åã»é«éåä¿é²ããåºéãé€ããŠãå³¶å
ã®ã»ãšãã©ã®JRç·ã¯æªã é»åãããŠããªãã
ãŸããé»ååºéã®äžéšã®ãã³ãã«ã§ã¯è»å¹
å¶éã®ãããæ¬å·èŠæ Œã®è»äž¡ã䜿ãããæ¬å·ç·ãšã®çŽéé転ã«äžéœåãçããŠããããåç·åºéãå€ãã«ãããããããé床ã®èŒžééå¢å ã«ãã£ãŠçãããã€ã€ã®éå¯åŸåã®åŒå®³ã§ãå€ãã®åŸ
é¿ç·ã«åžžã«äº€æãåªçåŸ
ã¡ã®åè»ãåŸ
é¿ãããŠããããã以äžã®ãã€ã€ã®éå¯åã«æè»ãæããé«éåã¯å¥œãŸãããªããªã©ã解決ããªããã°ãªããªãé£åãå±±ç©ããŠããã
æ°å¶ååŸãåéœåžéã®è·¯ç·ã¯é 次é«éåãããããå±±ãã¡ãªå°åœ¢ã«ããç·åœ¢ã®æªããšãåç·ã®ããã«å¢çºãã§ããªãããšãªã©ããã幎ã
æŽåã®é²ãé«éé路網ãå©çšããé«éãã¹ã«å¯Ÿæã§ããªããªãã€ã€ããããŸããããšããšæµ·éãçããªäžã«ãééã®æ¬åé£çµ¡ã1çµè·¯ã§ããã®ã«å¯Ÿããéè·¯ã¯3çµè·¯ããã芳å
ã«ãŒãã忣ãããããšããããåäº€éæ©é¢ãšã®ç«¶äºã¯éåžžã«æ¿ããã
ææ¬çãªé«éåãšããŠååœæ°å¹¹ç·èšç»ãããã2011幎以éãåºç€èª¿æ»ã®çµæãåããŠãæŽåèšç»ãžã®æ Œäžããæ±ããèªè޿޻åãæŽ»çºåããŠãã(詳现ã¯ååœæ°å¹¹ç·ã®ããŒãžãåç
§)ãæ©ããã°ã37幎ã«ãªãã¢äžå€®æ°å¹¹ç·ã®æ°å€§éªé§
延䌞ãå®çŸããäžå€§éœåžåãäžäœåãããã¹ãŒããŒã¡ã¬ãªãŒãžã§ã³ãã®åœ¢æãèŠèŸŒãŸãããååœæ°å¹¹ç·æŽåä¿é²ææäŒã§ã¯ãããã«åãããŠ2037幎ã®ååœæ°å¹¹ç·éæ¥ãç®æããŠããã
éŠå·ã»æåªã»é«ç¥ã®åçã«ããç§éåç·ã¯çéœã®è¿é茞éãæ
ã£ãŠãã(埳島çã«ã¯ç¬¬äžã»ã¯ã¿ãŒã§ã¯ãªãçŽç²ã®æ°å¶ééè·¯ç·ã¯ååšããªã)ã
æ¬å·ååœé£çµ¡æ©ãšããŠã鳎éåžãç¥æžåžãååºåžãåæ·åžã仿²»åžãå°Ÿéåžã®3æ¬ã®ã«ãŒããããããã®ãã¡ãç¬æžå€§æ©ãéé(è€ç·çŽæµé»å)ãšé«ééè·¯ã®äœµçšæ©ã§ãããå€§é³Žéæ©ã¯å°æ¥çã«äœµçšã§ããèšèšã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®ä»ã¯éè·¯å°çšæ©ã§ããããŸããç¬æžå
ããŸãªã¿æµ·é(å°Ÿéã»ä»æ²»ã«ãŒã)ã«ã¯ãæ©è¡è
ã»èªè»¢è»ã»ååæ©ä»èªè»¢è»(125cc以äž)ã®å°çšéè·¯ã䜵èšãããŠããã
åœåã¯ãæåã«å®æããå®é«é£çµ¡è¹(2019å¹ŽäŒæ¢)ããã£ãããšãªã©ããç¬æžå€§æ©ãæ¬åéã®åºå¹¹ã«ãŒããšããŠäœçœ®ä»ããããŠãããããã®åŸã¯å
šç·å®æããç¥æžé³Žéã«ãŒãã«æ¬å·ã»ååœéã®æµåãç§»åãã€ã€ãããããã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®äž»èŠãªå€§éœåžåã®ã»ãšãã©ãååœä»¥æ±ã®å°åã«äœçœ®ããŠããã倧éœåžåã®äžã€ã§ãã京éªç¥ã«ç¥æžæ·¡è·¯é³Žéèªåè»éãæçè·é¢ã§çŽçµããŠããããšãã倧ããªèŠå ãšããŠæããããã
ãªããäžèš3ã«ãŒã以å€ã«æ¬åéã®ç墿é¢ãæã€éè·¯ãšããŠãåºå³¶ã»æåªçå¢ãè·šã岡æå€§æ©ãååšãããããã¯åºå³¶çã®é¢å³¶æ¶æ©äºæ¥ã§ããå®èžç諞島é£çµ¡æ¶æ©(å®èžçãšã³ããŸæµ·é)ã®äžéšã§ãããæ¬å·ãžã¯æ¥ç¶ãããŠãããã®ã®ãååœæ¬åãžã¯æ¥ç¶ãããŠããªãããã ããæ¬å·ãšååœå°æ¹ãæ¥ç¶ããŠããããšã«ã¯éããªãããããè£ããŸãªã¿æµ·éããã第4ã®æ¬åæ¶æ©ã«ãŒãããšåè«äº€ããã«åŒã°ããããšãããã
ååœã¯ãåœå
ã§é«ééè·¯ã®æŽåãç¹ã«é
ããå°æ¹ã§ãã£ããååœã§æåã«é«ééè·¯ãèšç»ãããã®ã¯åŸ³å³¶èªåè»éã§ãããæåã®ééã¯1985å¹ŽãæŸå±±èªåè»éã®äžå³¶å·ä¹æ±ICãåå±
ICéã§ãã(沿éã«ã¯ååœã«ãããé«ééè·¯çºç¥¥ã®å°ãšæžãããçæ¿ããã)ããã®1986幎床æ«ã«ãããé«ééè·¯æŽåçã¯ãå
šåœã34%ã§ãã£ãã®ã«å¯Ÿããååœã¯2%ãšéåžžã«äœãæ°Žæºã§ãã£ãã
以åŸãæ¥éã«æŽåãé²ãã çµæã2000幎ã«ã¯ååœ4çåºæåšå°ãé«ééè·¯ã§çµã°ããããšãã¯ã¹ãã€ãŠã§ã€ãã宿ã2002幎床æ«ã«ã¯æŽåçã66%ã«éããéã«å
šåœæ°Žæºã®63%ãäžåã£ããçŸåšã¯æŸå±±èªåè»éã®åäºæ¹é¢ãžã®å»¶äŒžãé«ç¥èªåè»éã®é«ç¥çè¥¿éšæ¹é¢ãžã®å»¶äŒžãååœæšªæèªåè»éã®åŸ³å³¶çåéšæ¹é¢ãžã®å»¶äŒž(鳎éJCTãé¿åIC)ããã®ã»ãé«éé路空çœå°åž¯è§£æ¶ã®ããé¿åå®èžèªåè»éãé«ç¥æŸå±±èªåè»éçã®å»ºèšå·¥äºãé æ¬¡é²ããããŠããããååœ8ã®åãããã¯ãŒã¯ããç®æããŠããã
é«ééè·¯ç¶²ã®æŽåã¯ã¢ãŒã¿ãªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ã®é²è¡ãšçžãŸã£ãŠããããŸã§æ²é»ç¶æ
ã§ãã£ãååœå
ã®çžäºäº€æµã掻çºåãããçµæãšãªã£ãã1990幎æç¹ã«ããã髿ŸåžãšæŸå±±åžãåºçºå°ãšããæå€§æµåå
ã¯ããããååœå€ã®éœåž(岡山åžãåºå³¶åž)ã§ãã£ããã1995幎以éã¯ååœå
ã®éœåž(埳島åžãé«ç¥åž)ã«å€ãããåæ§ã«åŸ³å³¶åžãšé«ç¥åžãå
šäœã®æµåæ°ãã®ãã®ãååœå
ã«åããŠå¢å ããŠããã
åœåã¯ããããé«éé路網å
å®ã®å¯äœçšãšããŠã¹ãããŒå¹æã«ãã倧éªéœåžåãžã®çµæžæµåºã®å¯èœæ§ãææãããå®éã«å€§éªåãžçŽéããç¥æžæ·¡è·¯é³Žéèªåè»éãééãã埳島çã§ã¯ãååãžã®é«éãã¹ã®å©çšã䌞ã³ã2008幎2ææç¹ã§äžæ¥300䟿ãéè¡ããããªã©ããŠããããããããã®çŸè±¡ã¯ãã§ãªãŒãš2002幎ã«å»æ¢ããã埳島é£è¡å ŽäŒäž¹äŸ¿å©çšè
ãé«éãã¹ãžç§»è¡ããçµæã§ããã倧éªåãžã®æµåæ°å
šäœã¯æšªã°ãã幎ã
æžå°ããéã«éŠå·çãžã®æµåã幎ã
å¢å ããŠããããããšåãæžå¿µã¯é«æŸéæ¿éICã髿Ÿäžå€®ICééããåœæã®éŠå·çã§ãææãããå®éã«é«éãã¹ã®ç¥æžã»å€§éªäŸ¿ãéèŠãé«ããŠãããã倧éªåãžã®æµåèªäœã¯æšªã°ãã§ããã1990幎ãŸã§å§åç倿°ã§ãã£ã岡山çãžã®æµåãæ¿æžãã埳島çãžã®æµåãæ¿å¢ããŠãããäžåã£ãŠããã
åæã«çºçããŠããçŸè±¡ãšããŠãååœå
šäœã®äººã®æµãã髿Ÿåžãžéäžãå§ããŠããããã®äžå¿æ§ã幎ã
é«ããåŸåã«ããããã®çç±ãšããŠã¯ãã¯ãé«éé路網ã®å
å®ãšã¢ãŒã¿ãªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ã®é²è¡ãæããããäŸãã°1990幎ã®åŸ³å³¶ã«ãããæå€§å¿åå
ã¯äº¬éªç¥ã§ãã£ããã®ãã1999å¹Žèª¿æ»æã«ã¯é«æŸãžãšå€åããã
åŸ³å³¶ã»æŸå±±ã»é«æŸã»é«ç¥ã®4çåºæåšå°ãçµã¶åœé11å·ã»åœé32å·ã»åœé33å·ã»åœé55å·ã»åœé56å·ãªã©ãé路網ã®äžæ žãæãããŸãåœé28å·ã»åœé30å·ã»åœé317å·ãæ¬å·ååœé£çµ¡æ©ãéããŠæ¬å·ãšãåœé197å·ãåœéä¹åãã§ãªãŒãéããŠä¹å·ãšã®éãçµãã§ããã
å±±å°ãéãè·¯ç·ã«ã¯æªæŽåã®ãã®ãå€ããåœé193å·ã»åœé439å·ãªã©ã®ããã«åœéãšã¯æããªãéè·¯ã»æªè·¯ãæ±ããè·¯ç·ãæ®åããŠãã(ãã°ãã°ãé
·éããªã©ãšæ¶æããã)ãå±±å°ãå€ãããšãå
éžéšã«äººå£ãå°ãªãããšãªã©ããããå
šè¬ã«ååœã®éè·¯æŽåçã¯ä»ã®å°æ¹ã«æ¯ã¹äœãã
ååœã«äžæ¡åœéã¯ååšãããæãè¥ãæ°åãæã€è·¯ç·ã¯åœé11å·ã§ãããäºæ¡åœéã¯11å·ãš28å·ã®ä»ã¯ãã¹ãŠ30çªå°ãš50çªå°ãäžæ¡åœéã¯ãã¹ãŠ190çªå°ãš300çªå°ã400çªå°ã«ãªã£ãŠããã200çªå°ã®åœéã¯1ã€ãååšããªãã
æå40幎代ã®èгå
宣äŒã«ãããŠãååœã®äž»èŠèгå
å°ãå¹çããåéããã«ãŒãææ¡ãšããŠãæŸå±±åž-é«ç¥åž-髿Ÿåžãã€ãªãã«ãŒã(åœé32å·ãåœé33å·)ãèããããã¡ããã©ã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã®ãVãåç¶ã§ãããããVåã«ãŒããšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ãã
åŸä»€æä»£ã«ã¯åæµ·éã®äžè§ã§ãããè¹ã§ç§»åããå°æ¹ã§ãã£ããè¿ä»£ä»¥éãåæ§ã®ç¶æ
ãç¶ããããæ¬å·ååœé£çµ¡æ©ã®äŸçšã«ãã宿æ
客èªè·¯ã¯æ¿æžããã
æ¬åæ¶æ©ãã§ãããŸã§ã¯ãæ¬å·ãšã®å€§éèŒžéææ®µã¯è¹è¶ãããªãããŸããååœå
ã®JRã¯åç·åºéãå€ãéè¡æ¬æ°ã«éçãããããšããæ°å¹¹ç·ãžã¯å²¡å±±é§
ã§ã®ä¹ãæãã匷ããããããšããããåŸæ¥ããèªç©ºéèŠã¯é«ãã4çã®çåºæåšå°è¿éã«ã¯äžåæ©ä»¥äžã®èªç©ºæ©ãé¢çéžã§ããç©ºæž¯ãæŽåãããŠãããåœå
ç·ã§ã¯ãå®å®çã«åŒ·ãéèŠãããæ±äº¬äŸ¿ã¯å
šç©ºæž¯ããå°±èªããŠããã»ããç¹ã«åšèŸºéœåžããå°ççã«é è·é¢ã§ããæŸå±±ãé«ç¥ã§ã¯å±±éœæ°å¹¹ç·ãé«éãã¹ãå©çšãããšæèŠæéã倧å¹
ã«äŒžã³ãããšãããäžå€§éœåžåãä¹å·ãšãã£ãè¿è·é¢äŸ¿ã«ãè·¯ç·ãæã£ãŠãããäžæ¹åœéç·ã§ã¯ãé«ç¥ãšåŸ³å³¶ããã®å®æäŸ¿ã¯ç¡ããã髿ŸãããœãŠã«ã»äžæµ·ã»å°æ¹ŸãæŸå±±ããäžæµ·ã»ãœãŠã«ãšãã£ãã¢ãžã¢äŸ¿ãå°±èªããŠããããªãã髿Ÿç©ºæž¯ãšåŸ³å³¶é£è¡å Žã®çŽç·è·é¢ã¯çŽ55kmã埳島é£è¡å Žãšé¢è¥¿åœé空枯ã¯çŽ65kmã髿Ÿç©ºæž¯ãšå²¡å±±ç©ºæž¯ã¯çŽ62kmãšè¿æ¥ããŠããã
æåªç西åéšã»é«ç¥ç西åéšã¯æ±äº¬åŒã¢ã¯ã»ã³ãã ãããã以å€ã¯ååœã®åºåã«ãããŠäº¬éªåŒã¢ã¯ã»ã³ããåäºåŒã¢ã¯ã»ã³ããçšããããéŠå·çãäžå¿ã«æåªæ±éšã»åŸ³å³¶è¥¿éšã§ã¯è®å²åŒã¢ã¯ã»ã³ããçšããããŠãããå
šäœçã«é¢è¥¿æ¹èšãšã®å
±éç¹ãå€ããç¬æžå
ã«é¢ããå°åã§ã¯èªåœã»èªæ³é¢ã§äžåœæ¹èšãšã®å
±éç¹ãå€ããäžæ¹ãæåªçåäºå°æ¹~é«ç¥ç西éšã®æžåå°åã¯é¢è¥¿è²ãèããååœã®äžã§ãç¬ç¹ãªæ¹èšãæããã
西æ¡ç¥ããé忝çŸ
äŸå€§ç¥ãªã©ã¯ç¥äºãäž»äœã®ç¥ããé¿æ³¢èžããããããç¥ããªã©ã¯èžããäž»äœã®ç¥ãã§ãããååœäžå€§ç¥ãæåã§ããããèžããäž»äœã®ååœå倧ç¥ãç¥ãããŠããã
åçã«ã¯åºæã®åç£åãé·åæçã倿°ååšãããçåããŸããåç£åã¯ãã©ããåäžçãªã©ãããããŸããå
šåœã§è²©å£²ããŠããé£åãšããŠã¯ãã«ãªã¹ãšããããã³ãžã¥ãŒã¹ãªã©ã代衚çã§ãããåçã®åç£åã»é·åæççã¯åçã®é
ãåç
§ã
ååœã代衚ãã芳å
å°ã®æ æå
¬å(ç¹å¥åå)ãšæ¥æ¬äžå€æ¹¯ã®éåŸæž©æ³(éåŸæž©æ³æ¬é€šã¯éèŠæå財)ã¯ãã·ã¥ã©ã³ã¬ã€ãã§3ã€æã«éžå®ãããŠããã
ç¥ç€Ÿã»ä»é£ã§ã¯æ±æžæä»£ä»¥åããå
šåœããã®åæè
ãéããé忝çŸ
å®®(ãããŽããã)ãååœå
«åå
«ç®æéå Žããããå°å
äœæ°ã«ãããéè·¯ãã(巡瀌è
)ãããŠãªããæ¥åŸ
æåãæ ¹ä»ããŠãããååœå
«åå
«ç®æéå Žãšéè·¯éã«ã€ããŠã¯è¿å¹Žãäžçéºç£ãšããŠã®ç»é²ãç®æãæŽ»åãè¡ãããŠããã
åã§ã¯çŸå12倩å®ã®ãã¡ãäžžäºåãæŸå±±åãå®åå³¶åãé«ç¥åã®4ã€ãååœã«ããããã®ä»ã«ãæ¥æ¬äžå€§æ°Žåã®ä»æ²»åã髿Ÿåãªã©ãããã
ééã§ã¯åäžåå·æ²¿ããèµ°ãäºåç·3å
åŒããäºè®ç·ã®äŒäºçãã®ããããäŒäºééã®ãåã£ã¡ããåè»ããªã©ã®èгå
åè»ãéè¡ãããŠããããã®ä»èªç¶ãè±ããªååœã«ã¯ç¥è°·æžãªã©æ¯åå°ãå€ãååšãã(èªç¶æ¯åå°ã«ã€ããŠã¯å°çã®é
ç®ãåç
§)ã
äžèšèšèŒã®ãã¡ãéå¶ã»æå±éžæãšããããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ã®ããŒã ã¯ãµãã«ãŒã®JãªãŒã°ããã¹ã±ããããŒã«ã®BãªãŒã°ãéçã®ååœã¢ã€ã©ã³ããªãŒã°plusã«æå±ããåããŒã ã
ååœåºèº«ã®èå人ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãªã¹ããåç
§ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD
|
6,111 |
280幎
|
280幎(280 ãã)ã¯ã西æŠ(ãŠãªãŠã¹æŠ)ã«ãããé幎ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/280%E5%B9%B4
|
6,112 |
220幎
|
220幎(220 ãã)ã¯ã西æŠ(ãŠãªãŠã¹æŠ)ã«ãããé幎ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/220%E5%B9%B4
|
6,113 |
åéžå°æ¹
|
åéžå°æ¹(ã»ãããã¡ã»ã)ã¯ãæ¬å·äžå€®éšã®æ¥æ¬æµ·ã«é¢ããå°åãæãåç§°ã§ãããç¿å
ããèŠãŠåæ¹ã«ããäºç¿äžéã®åéžéã«ç±æ¥ããäžäžä»¥åã§ã¯ããã®å°åãååœ(ã»ã£ãã)ãšç§°ããŠããã
çŸä»£ã«ãããŠã¯åéžéãšåãç¯å²ã§ããæ°æœçãå¯å±±çãç³å·çãçŠäºçã®4çããããã¯æ°æœçãé€ã3çã®ããšãæãããšãå€ããç¯å²ãæç¢ºã«æãå Žåãåè
ã¯ãåéž4çããŸãã¯ãæ°æœçãå«ãåéžå°æ¹ããåŸè
ã¯ãåéž3çããªã©ãšè¡šçŸãããããšããããåéž3çã®ç¹ããã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåéž3çã«ã€ããŠãã®ç¯ãåç
§ã
æ¬é
ã§ã¯ä»¥äžãç¹èšã®ç¡ãéããåéžå°æ¹ã®ç¯å²ãåéžé(åéž4ç)ã®ç¯å²ãšããŠæ±ãã
åéžå°æ¹ã®ç¯å²ã¯ãæ°æœçããçŠäºçãŸã§æ±è¥¿ã«ããã400kmããã现ãé·ããæŽå²çã«å€ä»£ã®ãè¶åœããšåŒã°ããå°æ¹ãå€ãå«ã¿ãè¥çåœããè¶åŸåœãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ã«ããã¶ãææ²»æä»£é ãŸã§ã¯ãã»ãããããšèªãŸããŠããããã®åéžå°æ¹ã®éè·¯ãæããŠãè¶è·¯ããåéžéããšåŒã¶äºãããã
äžå€®çåºåçã®åºå
æ©é¢ã®ç®¡èœç¯å²ã¯åéžå°æ¹ãäžåŸã«ç®¡èœåºåãšããŠãããã®ã°ããã§ã¯ãªããæ°æœçã¯é¢æ±ã®äžéšãããã¯é¢æ±ç²ä¿¡è¶ãä¿¡è¶ãªã©ãšããäŸããããçŠäºçã¯è¿ç¿ãšããäŸãããã
ã¹ããŒã倧äŒãåœæ¿éžæã§ã¯äººå£ãæ¯èŒçå°ãªãããé·éçãå«ããåä¿¡è¶å°æ¹(åéžä¿¡è¶)ãšããŠçµã¿åãããããšãå€ãã
éªåœãšããŠæåãªå°æ¹ã§ãããã·ããªã¢å¯æ°å£ãå±±èã«ã¶ã€ããããšã§å¬ã®å€§éªãšæ¥ããã®éªè§£ãæ°Žãããããæ¥æ¬æµ·åŽæ°åãåããŠãããç¹ã«æ°æœçåéæ²Œåžãäžè¶åžã®åšèŸºã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã§äºæã«å
¥ã豪éªå°åž¯ãšãªã£ãŠãããã¹ããŒå Žãå€ãç«å°ããŠãããè¶åŸæ¹¯æ²¢ãåŠé«é«åãªã©ãå€§èŠæš¡ãªã¹ããŒå Žãéäžãããæ²¿å²žéšãšå
éžéšã§ã¯ç©éªéã«å€§ããªå·®ãããã代衚çãªå±±éºãšããŠãæ¥æ¬äžåå±±ã«æ°ãããããç«å±±é£å³°(å¯å±±ç)ãšçœå±±(ç³å·çã»çŠäºç)ãæããããã
åéžå°æ¹ã被害ãåããèªç¶çœå®³ã()å
ã¯äž»ãªè¢«çœçã
åéžå°æ¹ã¯ããæ¥æ¬æµ·æ²¿å²žã®å°æ¹å¢åããšããŠãä»ã®å°æ¹ããã¯åã°ç¬ç«ããæŽå²ãæ©ãã§æ¥ãã
å€ä»£ã®åéžå°æ¹ã¯è¶åœ(ããã®ãã«)ãéžé(ãã¬ãã®ã¿ã¡)ãšåŒã°ããŠããå°æ¹å¢åã®äžã€ã§ãã£ãããè¶åœããšãããäžå€®å¢åã®åœ±é¿åå€ã§ããè³æãå°ãªããçµ±äžãããåœå®¶ã§ãã£ããã¯äžæã§ãããäŒèª¬ã®å€§èãå
«å²å€§èããè¶åœããçŸãããšäŒããããåºé²çæš©ã®ç¹åŸŽã§ããåé
çªåºå墳äžå¢ãå¯å±±çãçŠäºçãªã©ã«èŠãããããšããåºé²åŽ(æ°æœçäžéš)ãªã©ã®å°åã®åæ®ãããåºé²æåã®åœ±é¿ã匷ãèŠãããã
ã€ããçæš©ã®å€§åœŠåœãè¶åœãé®ãããšã次第ã«äžå€®éæš©ã®æ çµã¿ã«åã蟌ãŸããŠãããå€ä»£ã«ã¯åããé«å¿æ·±æ±åœé ãä¹
æ¯å²åœé ãäœæž¡åœé (æ°æœç)ãäŒåœé åœé (å¯å±±ç)ãèœé åœé ã矜ååœé ãå å®åœé ãå æåœé ãé«å¿åœé ãæ±æ²Œåœé (ç³å·ç)ãäžåœåœé ãè§é¹¿åœé ãè¥çåœé (çŠäºç)ãèšçœ®ããããã€ããçæš©ãäžå€®éæš©åçµ±äžåœå®¶ãæç«ããããšãäžå€®ã§ããç¿å
ãé²è¡ããããåšèŸºã«é¢æãèšçœ®ããããåœæã®æ±æ¹ãå®ãäžé¢ã¯ããæ±æµ·éã®éŽé¹¿é¢(éŽé¹¿å³ )ããæ±å±±éã®äžç Žé¢(é¢ã¶å)ããåéžéã®æçºé¢(æçºå±±)ããæããŠããã®ã§ãåŸä»€æä»£ã«ã¯ãè¥çåœ(嶺å)ããæ±ã®æ¥æ¬æµ·æ²¿å²žãè¶åœãšèŠãªãããŠããã
è¶åœã¯ãã€ããçæš©ã®å¢åã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸãããšè©³çްã«3ã€ã®é åã«åºåãããã什å¶åœã®åœåºæåšå°ãèŠããšãè¶ååœã¯æŠçãè¶äžåœã¯äŒæš(é«å²¡åžåéš)ãè¶åŸåœã¯çŽæ±æŽ¥(äžè¶åžåéš)ã«åœããããã®åœåºæåšå°ã®äœçœ®ã«ãããåœæã®ã€ããçæš©ã®æ¯é
é åã¯ãæ±ã¯æŠãæ°æœçã®äžè¶å°æ¹ãŸã§ã§ããã以åã¯é åå€ã§ãã£ããããããåŸã«æ¯é
é åã䌞ã°ããšã倩éºããéŒ ã¶é¢ãšè¶åŸå±±èãåéžéã®åéãšãªããè¶åœããåé¢ããã圢ã§åºçŸœåœãèšçœ®ããããè¶ååœããåé¢ããèœç»åœæç«ã®ææã«éå±±ãå®€çºæä»£æ«æãŸã§å·šå€§ãªå®æéœåžãšããŠå¢åãèªã£ãå¹³æ³å¯ºã¯ãã®æä»£ã®ç¬ç«ããéå£ãšããŠæããããã
芪éžãçŽæ±æŽ¥ã«æµåãããè®åŠãæå£ãæ¡å€§ããåéžå°æ¹ã¯æµåçå®ã®å°ç€ãšãªãã仿å¢åãåãæ®ãäºã«ãªã£ãããã®é ç¹ãå è³ã®äžåäžæãè¶äžã®äžåäžæã§ããããã®ä»ã«ã氞平寺ãªã©ã®æå寺é¢ãç«å°ããããã«ãªã£ããæµåæãæ¹å€ããæ¥è®ãäœæž¡ã«æµåãããã
æŠåœæä»£ã®åéžå°æ¹ã¯ãè¶åŸåœã¯é·å°Ÿæ°ãè¶äžåœã¯ç¥ä¿æ°ãšæ€åæ°ãèœç»åœã¯ç å±±æ°ãå è³åœã¯äžåäžæãè¶ååœã¯æåæ°ãæ¯é
ããäžæè¬ä¿¡ãšäžåäžæã¯æ¿ããäºã£ã(å°»ååã®æŠã)ãæ¬èœå¯ºã®å€ä»¥åŸã¯ãäžææ¯å(äžè¶)ãæ°çºç°éå®¶(äžè¶)ãäœã
ææ¿(å¯å±±)ãåç°å©å®¶(éæ²¢)ãæŽç°åå®¶(çŠäº)ãªã©ã®æ¬æ å°ãšãªã£ãã
æ±æžæä»£ã«ãªããšãå¹è©äœå¶ãæ·ããå¯å±±(è¶äž)ã¯èœç»ãšãšãã«å è³è©ã®çŽæ¥çãéæ¥çæ¯é
äžã«ãããæ¿æ²»çãªåœ±é¿äžã«ãã£ãããå è³çŸäžç³ããšåŒã°ããåç°æ°ã®å è³è©ãåããšããŠãåç°æ°ã®åå®¶ã«åœããå¯å±±è©ãè¶åæŸå¹³æ°ã®çŠäºè©ãç§éæ°ã®é·å²¡è©ãªã©ãæåã§ãããæµåçå®ãžã®åž°äŸãæ·±ãåéžã§ã¯å èã»éåŒããå¿ãã äºãªã©ããã人å£å¢å çãé«ãå
šåœã«ç§»äœè
ãåºãç¶ããã
åç©«ãããç±³ãè¿ç¿ãžéã¶ããã®æµ·äžäº€éãšããŠå€ãã®ååè¹ãå°±èªãããæ±æžæä»£ã®åéžéã¯ãååœè¡éããšåŒã°ããåå
寺åæã®éã§ããã£ãã
广«ã«ãªããéåœãè¿ãããšãæ°æœãéæž¯äºæž¯ã®äžã€ãšãªã£ãŠçãå§ãããé·å²¡è©ãªã©å¥¥çŸœè¶åè©åçã«å ããè©ãçŸããæèŸ°æŠäºã§ã¯è©é·è»ãšæµå¯Ÿããããæåããã
æ±æžå¹åºã厩å£ããææ²»æ¿åºãäžå€®éæš©åœå®¶ãæç«ããããšãå»è©çœ®çã§å€ãã®çãæç«ããã
çŸåšã®æ°æœçã«ã¯ãæ°æœç(äžè¶å°æ¹)ãçžå·ç(äœæž¡å³¶)ãæåŽç(äžè¶å°æ¹ãšäžè¶å°æ¹)ãåç«ãããã1873幎6æ10æ¥ã«ã¯æ°æœçã«ç·šå
¥ããããçŸåšã®åéž3çã«ã¯ãæ°å·ç(çŸå¯å±±ç)ãç³å·çã足矜ç(嶺å)ãåç«ãããã1876幎8æ21æ¥ã«ã¯å
šãŠç³å·çã«ç·šå
¥ããããããããåå°ã®åçéåã®çµæã1881幎2æ7æ¥ã«ã¯ç³å·çãã嶺åãçŠäºçãšããŠåé¢ããã1883幎ã«ã¯ç³å·çããæ§æ°å·çãå¯å±±çãšããŠåé¢ãããã嶺åã¯ã1876幎8æ21æ¥ä»¥åŸã¯æ»è³çã«ç·šå
¥ããããã1881幎2æ7æ¥ã«ã¯æ»è³çããåé¢ãããŠçŠäºçã«ç·šå
¥ãããã
åæµ·ééæã§ã¯ãæ¯èŒç人å£ãå€ããããã«éªåœã®ç°å¢ãšããŠé©æ§ã®ãã£ãåéžåºèº«è
ã倿°ç§»äœããå®ã«å
šäœã®æ°ã®3å²ä»¥äžãå ããã
ææ²»ã«å
¥ããšééã建èšãããæ±äº¬ãäžå¿ã«ããéžäžäº€éç¶²ãæŽåãããçºãæ±æžæä»£ãŸã§äº€éç¶²ã®äž»æŒã ã£ãååè¹ã¯è¡°ããããã®çºãææ²»ä»¥åŸã¯éžäžäº€éãäžå¿ã®çµæžäœå¶ãç¯ãããŠè¡ã£ãã
ãã€ãŠåéžå°æ¹ã¯åœå
ã§ãææ°ã®äººå£ãæã€å°æ¹ã§ããã1876幎ã®éæ²¢åžã®äººå£ã¯å
šåœ5äœã§æšªæµåžã»åºå³¶åžããå€ãã1945幎æç¹ã§ãæ°æœçã®äººå£ãå
šåœ7äœã ã£ããã倪平æŽãã«ãå°åž¯ãäžå¿ãšããåœå軞ããæŒããçµæãéçåãé¡åšåãããããããæ°æœçåºèº«ã®ç°äžè§æ æ¿æš©äžã§ã倪平æŽãã«ãå°åž¯ãšã®æ Œå·®ã®æ¯æ£ãã謳ãããäžè¶æ°å¹¹ç·ã»åéžæ°å¹¹ç·ã»åéžèªåè»éçãèšç»ãããåéžå·¥æ¥å°åã圢æããããç¹ã«æ°å¹¹ç·ã®å»ºèšã«ã€ããŠã¯è§æ ã®æ¿æ²»åãé¢äžãããšããèŠæ¹ã匷ãããã以åŸã¯ããããŸã§ã®ã蟲æ¥å°åããããã蟲工æè¡·åã®å°åãã«å€ãããæ¥æ¬æµ·åŽæå€§èŠæš¡ã®å·¥æ¥å°åãæã€ããã«ãªã£ããããã«ç°äžæ¿æš©ã¯é»æºäžæ³ãå¶å®ãåçºé座ã®åºç€ãäœã£ãã
äœæž¡ãå¯å±±ã»ç³å·ãªã©åéžè¥¿éšã¯è¥¿æ¥æ¬ã®é°€æååã®æ§è³ªãæã€äžæ¹ã§ãæ°æœçäžè¶å°æ¹ã»äžè¶å°æ¹ã¯æ±æ¥æ¬ã®é®æååã®æ§è³ªã匷ãã
åéžå°æ¹ã®äž»èŠéœåžãæ²èŒããã
2007幎床ã®åéžå°æ¹4çã®çå
ç·çç£ã®åèšã¯21å
6509ååã§ãããããã¯ã¢ã©ãéŠé·åœé£éŠã®GDPã«ã»ãŒå¹æµããŠãããäžçã§35äœååŸã®ãåœãã«çžåœããçµæžèŠæš¡ãæããŠããã
è±å¯ãªéªè§£ãæ°Žãå©çšããããããçšæ°ŽãæŽåããæµ·å²žã®ã©ã°ãŒã³(æœ)ãå¹²æããåºå€§ãªåå°ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®ä»£è¡šçãªç©åå°åž¯ãšãªã£ãŠããŠãã³ã·ãã«ãªãªã©ã®çš²äœããããã§ãããããã«äŒŽãæ¥æ¬é
ã®éžé å
ãå€ãååšãããå°åã象城ãããè¶(ãã)ããå ããéæãç®ç«ã€ãæ°Žç£è³æºãšããŠããªãã«ããæ°Žæããããå¯å±±æ¹Ÿã§ã¯å®çœ®ç¶²æŒãçãªæŒå ŽãšããŠç¥ãããŠããã
ç³æ²¹ã®èŒžå
¥ãæ¬æ Œåãã以åã¯ãæ°Žãå©çšããæ°Žåçºé»ãéçºããåéžå°æ¹ãå€ãã®é»åãå¿
èŠãšããéå·¥æ¥ã«æå©ã ã£ããæ°Žè³æºèªäœã®äŸ¡å€ãšè³éã®å®ããçžãŸã£ãŠåéžå·¥æ¥å°åãšããŠå¯å±±æ¹Ÿæ²¿å²žãäžè¶åžåšèŸºãäžå¿ã«çºéãããçŸåšã§ãåéžé»åã¯å
šåœã§ããããã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®ãã§é»åãäŸçµŠããŠããããŸãè±å¯ãªæ°Žè³æºèªäœãå·¥æ¥ãç¹ã«åå°äœç£æ¥çã«æå©ãšãªã£ãŠãããéæ²¢ã®éç®ã靿±ã®çŒé¡ã«ä»£è¡šããããããªè»œå·¥æ¥ãå¬ã®å¯æ¥ãšããŠçºéããæŒåšãç¹ç©ããããŠåçŽãªã©ã®äŒçµ±å·¥èžãå€ãã
è¿å¹Žã®æžåæ¿çãšã¢ãŒã¿ãªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ãåæ ããŠããŒããµã€ãã·ã§ãããªã©ã®åæ¥å°ã®éå€ãžã®åæ£åãèãããå€§èŠæš¡ãªéå€åã·ã§ããã³ã°ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã®é²åºã¯ã颿±å°æ¹ã«æ¬¡ãèŠæš¡ãšãªã£ãŠããã
æ°æœçãç³å·çã«ã¯æ¥æ¬ãã¬ãããã¬ãææ¥ãTBSãããžãã¬ãã®éç§°ã4倧ããŒå±ãã®åæ°æŸç³»åå±ããããå¯å±±çã¯4倧ããŒå±ã®ãã¡ãã¬ãææ¥ç³»åã®å±ããªã3å±ããããçŠäºçã¯4倧ããŒå±ã®ãã¡ãã¬ãææ¥ç³»å(å³å¯ã«ã¯æ¥æ¬ãã¬ãç³»åã¡ã€ã³ã®ã¯ãã¹ããããšããŠååš)ãšTBSç³»åã®å±ããªã2å±ãããããããã®çã«ããã¬ãæ±äº¬ç³»åã®ããŒã«ã«å±ã¯ãªããåéžå°æ¹ã§ãããç³»åã®æŸéãèŠèŽããã«ã¯ã±ãŒãã«ãã¬ããè¡ææŸéãªã©ãå©çšããå¿
èŠããããäžéšã®å°åã§ã¯ä»çã®è¶å¢é»æ³¢ãå©çšã§ããæ°æœçã§ã¯é¢æ±å°æ¹ã®æŸéå±ããå¯å±±çã§ã¯ç³å·çãæ°æœçã®æŸéå±ããçŠäºçã§ã¯ç³å·çãè¿ç¿å°æ¹ã®æŸéå±ãåä¿¡ã§ããå Žåãããã
亀éå²ã«ã€ããŠã¯åéžéã®èšäºãåç
§ã
äž»ãªè·¯ç·ãèšèŒ
ããã§ã¯åéžå°æ¹ã管èœããäž»ãªå®å
¬åºã®åºå
æ©é¢ãåãäžããã
åéžå°æ¹ã®åçã®çµæžååã人çååã亀éç¶²ãã¿ããšãæ±éšã®æ°æœçã«ã€ããŠã¯é¢æ±ç²ä¿¡è¶ãä¿¡è¶å°æ¹ãšèšãããã«é¢æ±å°æ¹ãé·éçæ¹é¢ãšã®çµã³ã€ãã倧ããã®ã«å¯Ÿãã西éšã®3ç(å¯å±±çã»ç³å·çã»çŠäºç)ã¯ãã®3çã§ã®çµã³ã€ãã®ä»ã«è¿ç¿å°æ¹ãäžäº¬åãšã®ã€ãªããã倧ãããç¹ã«åéžæ¬ç·ã®ç¹æ¥ãµã³ããŒããŒãã«ãã£ãŠçŽæ¥ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå¯èœãªäº¬éœã»å€§éªãªã©ã®é¢è¥¿åãšã®çµã³ã€ãã倧ãããåéžæ°å¹¹ç·ã®å»¶äŒžéæ¥ä»¥åã¯é¢è¥¿å¿åã匷ãã£ããã2015幎ã®åéžæ°å¹¹ç·å»¶äŒžéæ¥ã«ãã£ãŠé¢æ±ããã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã倧å¹
ã«åäžããé¢è¥¿ã®åœ±é¿åã¯çžå¯Ÿçã«äœäžããã
3çã¯äŒæ¥ãªã©ã®ç®¡èœã§ã¯è¥¿æ¥æ¬ãŸãã¯äžæ¥æ¬ã®ãšãªã¢ã«å«ãŸããããšãå€ã(JRè¥¿æ¥æ¬ã»NEXCOäžæ¥æ¬ã»NTTè¥¿æ¥æ¬ã»åéžé»åãªã©)ãæ°æœçäžè¶å°æ¹(çåéš)ãè¥¿æ¥æ¬ã»äžæ¥æ¬ã®äžéšãšããŠæ±ãããããšããããåéžæ°å¹¹ç·ã®ç³žéå·é§
ãšå€§ç³žç·æ«ç«¯åºéã¯JRè¥¿æ¥æ¬ã®éæ²¢æ¯ç€Ÿã§ããã»ããäžè¶åžã«ã¯äžéšé»åã®çºé»æããããé岡çãå«ããŠäžæ¥æ¬ãšããŠäžäœåããŠããæ±æµ·å°æ¹(é岡çã»æç¥çã»å²éçã»äžéç)ãšã¯ç°ãªããæ°æœçã®å€§éšåã¯æ±æ¥æ¬ãšããŠæ±ãããŠãã(JRæ±æ¥æ¬ã»NEXCOæ±æ¥æ¬ã»NTTæ±æ¥æ¬ã»æ±åé»å)ã
äžèšã®ããã«çŸä»£ã«ãããŠ4çã®äžäœæ§ã¯å¿
ãããé«ãã¯ãªãããã®ãããã®è¥¿éš3çã®ã¿ãæããŠãåéž3çããšç§°ããäŸãèŠããããå¯å±±çã»ç³å·çã»çŠäºçã«ãããŠã¯ãåã«åéžãšèšãå Žåãåéž3çãæãããšãå€ãããåéžåãããåéžæå€§çŽããšãã£ã衚çŸã«ãããåéžãšã¯ãã®3çã®ã¿ãæãäŸãå€ãã
以äžã§ã¯ããã®åéž3ç(å¯å±±çã»ç³å·çã»çŠäºç)ã®ã€ãªããã«ã€ããŠç¹çããã
åéž3çã§ã¯ãçåºæåšå°ã§ããå¯å±±åžã»éæ²¢åžã»çŠäºåžããããããã®çã§ã®äžå¿éœåžãšãªã£ãŠãããå¯å±±ã¯éå·¥æ¥ãäžå¿ãšããŠçµæžåãçºéããŠãããéæ²¢ã¯èгå
ãšåæ¥ãçºéãçŠäºã¯è»œå·¥æ¥ãçºéããŠãããåžçºæäººå£ã¯46äžäººã®éæ²¢åžãæå€§ã§ãããå
šåœããäŒæ¥ãé²åºããåéž3çå
ã§ç©è²©ã»ãµãŒãã¹ãªã©ã®æ¥åãéçŽããå Žåã¯éæ²¢åžãããã¯å¯å±±åžã«æ ç¹ã眮ãå Žåãå€ããæ¥çš®ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ä»ã«æ ç¹ã眮ãããšããããçŠäºåžã«ã¯æåæã»æ±ã¬ã»é£å³¶å»ºèšãªã©ãæ ç¹ã眮ããŠããããŸããåéž3çã®äž»èŠäŒæ¥ã§ããåéžé»åã»åéžéè¡ã¯å¯å±±åžã«æ¬åºã眮ããŠãããéæ²¢åžã«äžæ¥µéäžããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãã
ãŸãåéž3çæ¯èã®è©Šã¿ãšããŠãå¯å±±çã»ç³å·çã»çŠäºçãšãåçã§ã®ææåçŽã§ããåæ¥æ¬æ°èã»ååæ°èã»çŠäºæ°èãå
±åã§ããã¯ã¹ãåéžãã£ã³ããŒã³å®è¡å§å¡äŒããçµç¹ããæ¯å¹Ž3çå
šãŠã§ããã«èšè«äŒãªã©ãè¡ã£ãŠãããåæ§ã«åéž3çãšåéžçµæžé£åäŒãåéžé»åãåéžã€ã¡ãŒãžã¢ããæšé²äŒè°ãèšç«ãã察å€çãªåéžã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã¢ããã®èª¿æ»ã»å®è·µã詊ã¿ãŠããã
å¯å±±çã»ç³å·çã»çŠäºçã§ãããããã¬ããæ°èãéèªãªã©ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ãåãããŠããŠãåéž3çå
šäœã察象ã«ããåªäœã¯ããŸãå€ããªããã®ã®ãæ§ã
ãªåœ¢æ
ã§çªçµã®å
±åå¶äœãäŒç»ããããè¡ãããŠããã
å
šåœçŽã¯å°ççãªé¢ä¿ã§å€ãã¯å€§éªæ¬ç€Ÿè£œäœã®ãã®ãé
éãããŠããããèªå£²æ°èã®ã¿æ±äº¬æ¬ç€Ÿ(å®éã®çºè¡æã¯åéžæ¯ç€Ÿ=é«å²¡åž çŠäºçã¯å€§éªæ¬ç€Ÿç®¡èœ)ã®åã䜿ãããŠããããŸãææ¥æ°èã1989幎9æãã2011幎3æãŸã§ã¯å¯å±±çã«éãæ±äº¬æ¬ç€Ÿ(å®éã®å°å·ã¯åå€å±æ¬ç€Ÿãæ
åœ)ã®ç®¡èœã ã£ããã2011幎4æããå€§éªæ¬ç€Ÿç®¡èœã«å€æŽãšãªã£ãã
åéž3çã察象ãšããçªçµããã³çªçµå
ã®äŒç»ãšããŠä»¥äžã®ãããªãã®ãããã
ãã®ä»ãããžãããã¯ãŒã¯(FNS)å çã®åéž3çã®3å±(å¯å±±ãã¬ãã»ç³å·ãã¬ãã»çŠäºãã¬ã)ãå
±åå¶äœããçªçµãäžå®æã«æŸéãããŠããã
åéž3çããšãªã¢ãšããéèªãšããŠãèªç¶äººã(æ©æ¬ç¢ºæå )ã2017幎12æãŸã§å¹Ž4åçºè¡ãããŠãããNo.55ã§äŒåã
åéž3çå
šå°åå
±éã®éè¡ãµãŒãã¹ã¯ãé·ãéåéžéè¡(å¯å±±çå¯å±±åž)ã®ã¿ã§ãã£ããã2005幎9æ26æ¥ã«ãå¯å±±ç¬¬äžéè¡ãååéè¡(ç³å·çéæ²¢åž)ãçŠäºéè¡ãã3è¡éã§ã®ATMã»CDå©çšææ°æç¡æææºåã³3è¡ãšã®ããžãã¹ãããã³ã°ãããžãã¹ã»ãããŒãªã©ãè¡ãæ¥åææºãFITããããéå§ããã2007幎10æã«ã¯ãFITããããæéå€ãäŒæ¥ãå«ãå®å
šç¡æåããããšã«å¯Ÿæãã2007幎5æ22æ¥ã«çŠéŠéè¡ãšåéžéè¡ã¯ãå10æãç®åŠã«ATMã®çžäºç¡æéæŸããããšçºè¡šããã
åéžéè¡ã¯2003幎5æ30æ¥ãåéž3çã«æ¬ç€Ÿã眮ããŸãã¯é²åºããäŒæ¥ã®æ ªåŒã«æè³ãããéèååãåéž3çå¿æŽãã¡ã³ããéå§ãããããã«å¯ŸãçŠäºéè¡ãååéè¡ãå¯å±±ç¬¬äžéè¡ã¯ãFITãããã»äžçå¿æŽãã¡ã³ãã®åéã2005幎11æ15æ¥ããéå§ãããFITãããã»äžçå¿æŽãã¡ã³ãã¯ã80%ããœããªã³åµãªã©ã20%ãåéž3çã«æ¬ç€Ÿã眮ããŸãã¯ãé²åºãªã©ã§éçšãåµåºããŠããäŒæ¥ã«æè³ãããã
åéž3çã¯çºé»æã®å»ºèšã«é©ããç«å°ã«æµãŸãçºé»æãå€ãååšããŠããããã®å
ãé¢è¥¿é»åã¯é»éšå·ã»åºå·ãäžå¿ã«åéž3çã§ã¯25ãæã®æ°Žåçºé»æ(å¯å±±ç24ã»çŠäºç1)ãšãçŠäºçã®è¥çå°æ¹ã«ããçŸæµã»é«æµã»å€§é£¯ã®ååååçºé»æãéå¶ããŠããã
è¥çå°æ¹ã¯ãäžèšã®é¢è¥¿é»åã®3ã€ã®åååçºé»æã®ä»ãæŠè³åžã«æ¥æ¬åååçºé»ã®æŠè³çºé»æããæ¥æ¬åååç ç©¶éçºæ©æ§ã®æããé«é墿®çãããã
ã»æ°å転æçãµãã(çŸåšã¯é転çµäºã»å»çäœæ¥äž)ãªã©ããããããå¥åãåçºé座ããšãèšãããŠããããŸããåéžé»å(å¯å±±çå¯å±±åž)ãç³å·çã«å¿è³åååçºé»æãéå¶ããŠããã
ãã®ä»ãæ¥æ¬ã§å¯äžåžå¶ã®çºé»äºæ¥ãè¡ãéæ²¢åžäŒæ¥å±ãçå·æ°Žç³»ã§ã黿ºéçºãæåå·ã»ä¹é ç«å·æ°Žç³»ã§æ°Žåçºé»ãè¡ã£ãŠããã
åéžé»åã®é»æ°æéã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ããããã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®ãã§(é»åå°å£²ãèªç±å以åã¯ãæå®å€)ãã¢ã«ãç£æ¥ãã¯ãããšããè£œé æ¥ãåéžã«æ ç¹ã眮ãçç±ãšãªã£ãŠãããäžè¬å®¶åºã®é»æ°æ¶è²»éãé«ããå¯å±±ãå
šåœ1äœãšãªã£ãŠãããããã«äœå°é»åã飿¥ããé¢è¥¿é»åãšäžéšé»å(æç¥çåå€å±åž)ã«å£²åŽããŠããã
æå¹æ±äººåçã»å¥³æ§å°±æ¥çãé«ããé倿éãçãåŸåã«ããã
äžåäžæã®æ ç¹ã§ãã£ãåéž3çã§ã¯æµåçå®ã»æµåå®ç³»ãžã®ä¿¡ä»°å¿ãéç«ã£ãŠé«ãããçå®çåœããšãåŒã°ããã
ãã€ãŠå
šåœææ°ã®äººå£ããã£ãçç±ãšããŠãä¿¡ä»°ç±å¿ãªåœ±é¿ã§åéž3çã»æ°æœã§ã¯éåŒããå°ãªãã£ãããšãæããããã
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ 2004幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšæšèšäººå£ ç·èš [åäœ å人]
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ 2003幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšæšèšäººå£ ç·å¥³å¥ [åäœ å人]
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9
|
6,114 |
åéž (ææ§ãåé¿)
|
åéž(ã»ããã)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®å°æ¹åºåã§ããäžéšå°æ¹ã®ãã¡æ¥æ¬æµ·åŽã«é¢ããå°åã®å°æ¹åããã³é¢é£ããäºè±¡ã
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B8_(%E6%9B%96%E6%98%A7%E3%81%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF)
|
6,115 |
æ±æµ· (ææ§ãåé¿)
|
æ±æµ·(ãšããã)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã»æµ·å€åå°ã®å°åãé§
åãåŠæ ¡åãäŒæ¥åãªã©ã
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7_(%E6%9B%96%E6%98%A7%E3%81%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF)
|
6,116 |
æ±æµ·å°æ¹
|
æ±æµ·å°æ¹(ãšãããã¡ã»ã)ã¯ãæ¬å·äžå€®éšã«äœçœ®ã倪平æŽã«é¢ããå°åã§ããã
äžè¬çã«ã¯æç¥çãå²éçãäžéçãé岡çã®4çãæããããäžé𿥿¬åéšã®å€ªå¹³æŽæ²¿å²žå°æ¹ã®ç§°ãã§ãéåžžãéå²¡ã»æç¥ã»äžéãšå²éã®äžéšãæããšããæç®ããäºç¿äžéã®æ±æµ·éãšããŠå²éç(äºç¿äžéã®æ±å±±é)ãé€ãæ¬å·äžå€®éšå€ªå¹³æŽåŽã®å°æ¹ã§ãããé岡ãæç¥ãäžéã®æ±æµ·3çããšããæç®ãªã©ãæ±æµ·å°æ¹ã®ç¯å²ã¯åºå®ãããŠããªãã
æç¥çåå€å±ã®æ°æŸåå±ã¯æŸéãšãªã¢ã®é¢ä¿äžãé岡çãé€ã3ç(äžäº¬åãšãåŒã°ããåå€å±åžãäžå¿ãšããåå€å±éœåžåã«å«ãŸããç)ããæ±æµ·å°æ¹ããæ±æµ·3çããªã©ãšè¡šçŸãã(詳ããã¯ãæ±æµ·3çãã®é
ç®ãåç
§)ãçåºã®åºå
æ©é¢ã§ã¯é岡çã¯é¢æ±ã«å«ãŸããå Žåãããã
åç§°ã¯ãäºç¿äžéã®æ±æµ·éã«ç±æ¥ããŠãã®ããã«åŒã°ããŠããã
æ±æµ·å°æ¹ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®æ±æµ·éãšã¯ç°ãªããæ±æµ·éã¯åºå€§ã§ãç²æåœ(çŸåšã®å±±æ¢šç)ããå«ã¿ãæ±ã¯é¢æ±æ±å²žãŸã§äŒžã³ããäžæ¹ãæ±æµ·å°æ¹ã®ãã¡ãå²éç(çŸæ¿åœã»é£éššåœ)ã¯æ±å±±éãäžéçæ±çŽå·(çŽäŒåœã®äžéš)ã¯åæµ·éã§ãããæ±æµ·éã§ã¯ãªãã
æç¥çãå²éçãé岡çã¯äžéšå°æ¹ã«å±ããäžéçã¯è¿ç¿å°æ¹ã«å±ããã
å²éçã®é£éššã¯äžå€®é«å°å°æ¹ãäžéçã®äŒè³ã¯é¢è¥¿å°æ¹ãšããŠããããæ±ãããæ±æµ·å°æ¹ããã¯é€ãããããšãããã
å°è³ªçã«ã¯ã糞éå·é岡æ§é ç·(糞éç·)ãäžå€®æ§é ç·ã瞊æããŠãããæ±éšããåéšã«ãããŠå¯å£«å±±ãèµ€ç³å±±èãæšæœå±±èãé£éššå±±èãªã©ç«å±±æŽ»åãé å±±éåã«ãã圢æãããäžå€®é«å°ãšæ¥ããåã¯å€ªå¹³æŽã«é¢ããŠãããå²éçåéš(äž»ã«é£éššå°æ¹)ã¯é 山掻åã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããäžå€®é«å°ã®äžéšã§ãé£éššå±±èãªã©æ¥æ¬ææ°ã®å±±å²³å°åž¯ãšãªã£ãŠããã
沿岞ããã¬ãŒãå¢çã«ãªã£ãŠãããããæ±æµ·å°éãæ±åæµ·å°éãªã©ã®èŠæåºåã«ãªã£ãŠãããåæ±ç«¯ã®äŒè±åå³¶ã¯ç«å±±æŽ»åãšæµ·é¢ã®äžæã§åœ¢æããããªã¢ã¹åŒæµ·å²žã«å±±å°ãè¿«ã£ãå°åœ¢ã§ãããäŒè±åå³¶ã®è¥¿åŽã«åºãã駿河湟岞ã¯ç«å±±æŽ»åãé å±±éåã«ãã圢æããã山岳å°åž¯ãç©éå·ãå¯å£«å·ãå®åå·ã倧äºå·ãšãã£ã倧河å·ã®æµžé£äœçšã§åœ¢æãããå°èŠæš¡ãªå¹³éãåæããŠããã駿河湟ã®è¥¿åŽã®é å·ç沿岞éšããã³äžæ²³æ¹Ÿæ²¿å²žéšã¯é§¿æ²³æ¹Ÿå²žããç«å±±æŽ»åãé 山掻åã®åæ¢ãæ¯èŒçæ©ãã£ããããæµ·é¢ã®äžéã«ãã圢æãããå°å°ãåºãã£ãŠãããäŒå¢æ¹Ÿæ²¿å²žã¯æšæœäžå·ãªã©ã®æ²³å·ã®å ç©äœçšã«ãããæ¿å°Ÿå¹³éãäŒå¢å¹³éãªã©ã®å€§èŠæš¡ãªå¹³éãåºãã£ãŠãããå¿æ©åå³¶ããçéçæ²¿å²žã¯ãªã¢ã¹åŒæµ·å²žãšãªã£ãŠããã
äžéçããæç¥çãé岡çã®æ²¿å²žã倪平æŽåŽæ°åãäžéçã®äŒè³ãšå²éçã®å€§éšåãå
éžæ§æ°åãå²éç西æ¿ããé£éššå°æ¹ãæ¥æ¬æµ·åŽæ°åã§ãããæ¿å°Ÿå¹³éã®å€ã¯é«æž©å€æ¹¿ã§ãå
šåœã§ãææ°ã®é
·æå°åž¯ã§ãããå¬ã¯ãæ¿å°Ÿå¹³éã§äŒå¹ããããšãã也ç¥ããå·ãã颚ãå¹ããããäœææž©åºŠã忥æ¬äžŠã¿ã«ãŸã§äœäžããæ¥ãããã匷ãå¬åã®æ°å§é
眮ã«ãªããšãå²éçé¢ã±åçºä»è¿ã§äŒå¹å±±å°ãšéŽé¹¿å±±èã®éãéåããŠããçºéªé²ã®éãéã«ãªãäºããããå²éç西æ¿ãæç¥ç西éšãäžéçåéšãªã©ã«å€§éªãéãããããšããããè¿å¹Žã®çšæãªèšé²ç倧éªäŸãšããŠã1995幎(å¹³æ7幎)12æ25æ¥ãã12æ27æ¥ã«ãããŠã®å¯æ³¢ã§ãäžéç忥åžåžã§ææ·±ç©éª53cmã1996幎(å¹³æ8幎)1æ9æ¥ãã1æ10æ¥ã«ãããŠã®å¯æ³¢ã§ãå²éçå²éåžã§ææ·±ç©éª48cmã®å€§éªãèšé²ãããä»ã«ã2005幎ãš2014幎ã«åå€å±åžã§ãææ·±ç©éª23cmãèšé²ããŠãããå²éçãšé岡çã®äžéšã¯è±ªéªå°åž¯ã«æå®ãããŠãããšããããããäžéçåéšã¯éšã®å€ãå°åã§ãå°é¢šãé »ç¹ã«ééããããšãããå°é¢šé座ããšåŒã°ããŠããããŸããé岡çã¯æ±æ¥æ¬ã§æãå°é¢šäžéžæ°ãå€ãã
æŽå²å°çåŠçãªæ±æµ·å°æ¹ã¯ãæšæœäžå·ãšå¯å£«å·ã®éã®æ±æµ·é沿ç·ã®ãã¡ãæç¥çã®å
šåãšé岡çã®å¯å£«å·ä»¥è¥¿ã«åœãããç¿å
æ¿æš©ã®é åã«ãªã£ãäžéçãšã颿±ã®è«žæ¿æš©ã®é åã«ãªã£ãéå²¡çæ±éšãšã«æãŸããç¯å²ã§ãããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«ãéŽé¹¿é¢ããç®±æ ¹é¢ã®éãžãšæ¡å€§ããŠãã£ãã
å¹³ééšã¯ãæ¯èŒçæž©æãªæ°åã®ãããç»åéºè·¡ã«èŠãããããã«ãå€ä»£ãã人é¡ã®å®äœãèŠããããç¹ã«æ¿å°Ÿå¹³éã«ãããŠã¯ã匥ç人ã®å¢åã匷ããããããŠãããäžå®®åžã«ãã西äžå
éºè·¡ãªã©ã«å€§èŠæš¡ãªåæ¹åŸæ¹åœ¢å¢³äžå¢ã建èšããããªã©ãåæ¹åŸæ¹å¢³ã¯äŒå¢æ¹Ÿå²žäžäœããèªçããå
šåœãžåºãã£ããšèããããŠãããåŸä»€å¶ã®äºç¿äžéã§æ±æµ·éãæŽåãããããåŸä»€æä»£ã¯å€§éžãšã®å€äº€ãã¡ã€ã³ãšãªã£ãŠããããå±±éœéã倧åèã®æä»£ã§ãã£ããåœæã®æ±æµ·éã¯ã颿±ãªã©ã®æ±åœããç¿å
ãåä¹å·ãªã©ã®è¥¿åœãžåããé²äººã®éè¡è·¯ã§ãããæ±æµ·éã¯å矩éãããæ±ãžéããæµ·ã®éãã§ãã£ãã
æŠåœæä»£ããæ±æžæä»£ã«ãããŠã¯ãæšæœäžå·ãšå¯å£«å·ã®éã¯ãç¹ã«ãæµ·éããšåŒã°ããŠãããäž»ãªçšäŸãšããŠããæµ·éäžããããæµ·éäžã®å€§èŠªå(æž
氎次éé·)ããªã©ãããã
颿±ãšç¿å
ãšã®éã®ãå»äžå°åž¯ããšããŠãéåæä»£ä»¥éã«æš©åè
ããéèŠãããããã€ãŠæºçŸ©æã¯äº¬éœã§ã®å
éšæäºã®æ«ã«ãäŒè±åœã®èã¶å°å³¶ã«æµåããããææã®å°ãç¥å€åå³¶ã§è¿ããŠãããåŸã«ãåã®æºé Œæãéåå¹åºãéããšãå¯å£«å·ä»¥æ±ã¯éåå¹åºã®é åãšãªã£ãã
æŠåœæä»£ã«ãªãæŠåœå€§åãæ¿«ç«ãããšãæ±æµ·éã¯ããæ¡¶çéã®æŠããããé·ç¯ ã®æŠãããå°ç§ã»é·ä¹
æã®æŠãããé¢ã¶åã®æŠãããªã©ã®å€§èŠæš¡åæŠãç¹°ãåºããããæš©åäºãã®å Žãšãªã£ããäžã§ããçŸåšã®æç¥çã«åœãã尟匵åœãšäžæ²³åœã®2å°åããã¯ãç¹ç°ä¿¡é·ãè±è£ç§åã埳å·å®¶åº·ãšãã£ããäžè±åãã®ä»ãå€ãã®è©ç¥ãšãªã倧åã茩åºããããŸãé§¿æ²³åœã®é§¿åº(é岡)ã¯ãä»å·çŸ©å
ãšåŸ³å·å®¶åº·ã®æ¬æ å°ãšãªã£ãã
æ±æžæä»£ã«ãªããšãæ±æž(æ±äº¬)ãšäº¬éœãçµã¶ãæ±æµ·éäºåäžæ¬¡ããæŽåããããã®åŸæ¥ã¯æ¥æ¬æå€§èŠæš¡ã®å€§åèãšãªã£ãããã®æ±æµ·é沿ç·ã®äžã«ã¯ãé§¿åºã»æå·ã»æ¿±æŸã»åç°ã»å²¡åŽã»æ¡åãªã©ãå®¿å Žçºãåäžçºããçºéããéœåžãå€ãã
ææ²»ç¶æ°ã§äžå€®éæš©äœå¶ãæç«ãããšãåå€å±ãå°æ¹çµ±æ²»ã®æ ç¹ãšãªãããã以éã¯æ¿åºæ©é¢ãéäžããããã«ãªã£ããåãå»è©çœ®çæã®æ±æµ·å°æ¹ã«ã¯ãåå€å±çã»é¡ç°çã»è±æ©çã»æµæŸçã»é岡çã»è¶³æçãªã©ãåç«ããŠãããã1876幎(ææ²»9幎)8æä»¥åŸã¯æç¥çãšé岡çã«åæžãããã«ãã®æãé岡çåã ã£ãäŒè±è«žå³¶ã1878幎2æã«æ±äº¬åºã«ç§»ç®¡ãããçŸåšã«è³ã£ãŠããã1889幎(ææ²»22幎)2æã«ã¯æ±æµ·éæ¬ç·ã鿥ãã倩ç«å·ãšæšæœäžå·ã®éã®å°åã¯ãç¶¿ç¹ç©å·¥æ¥ã®äžå¿å°ãšãªã£ãã
ææ²»æä»£ä»¥éãåå€å±åžãäžå¿ãšããäžäº¬å°æ¹ã§è£œç³žã»çŽ¡çžŸæ¥ãªã©ãçãã«ãªããæåã«å
¥ããšééŒã»æ©æ¢°å·¥æ¥ãªã©ãéç©ããŠãäžäº¬å·¥æ¥å°åž¯ãã圢æãããããã®ããæŠåã»æŠæäžã«ãããŠã¯è»éç£æ¥ã®éèŠæ ç¹ãšãªãããæŠåŸã«ãªããšèªåè»ç£æ¥ãäž»ãšããæ©æ¢°å·¥æ¥ãžãšè»¢æãéããæ¥æ¬æå€§ã®å·¥æ¥éç©å°åž¯ãšãªãããŸãç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã®é«åºŠçµæžæé·æã«ã¯ãé岡çå°åã«ããæ±æµ·å·¥æ¥å°åãã圢æãããããã«ãªãã è¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãååååžã®èªç©ºå®å®ç£æ¥ãªã©ã®æ°ããªãåéã®ç£æ¥ãçºéããå°åãšãªã£ãŠããã è¶çå䜵ã§çŠäºç倧éé¡ç³åŸ¹çœæãšé·éçæšæœé¡å±±å£æã®æåãããããå²éçé¡äžåžã»äžæŽ¥å·åžãžå ãã£ããããåç«å°ãé€ããåºåã®é¢ç©ãæåæŠåæããè¥å¹²å¢å ããã
倪平æŽãã«ãäžã«äœçœ®ããŠãããæ¥æ¬ã代衚ããå·¥æ¥å°åž¯ã圢æãããŠããããã®ãã¡ãæç¥çåã³äžéçåéšãäžäº¬å·¥æ¥å°åž¯ãé岡çã®äž»ã«èšæµ·éšäžåž¯ãæ±æµ·å·¥æ¥å°åãšåŒã¶ã
2007幎(å¹³æ19幎)åºŠã®æ±æµ·å°æ¹(4ç)ã®çå
ç·çç£ã®åèšã¯69å
6929ååã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã®GDPã®çŽ13%ãå ããŠãããäžçã®åœã®GDPãšæ¯èŒããŠãã20çªä»¥å
ã«å
¥ãçµæžäœã§ããããµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ãã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³ãªã©äžéšã®G20å çåœã®åœããçµæžèŠæš¡ã倧ãããäžäº¬åã®äžæ¢ã§ããåå€å±åžãçé ã«ãå€ãã®å·¥æ¥éœåžãé£ãªã£ãŠç£æ¥ãšäººå£ãéç©ããŠããããšãããéŠéœåã®äžæ¢ã§ããæ±äº¬éœåºéšããè¿ç¿åã®äžæ¢ã§ãã倧éªåžã«ãããŠã®éœåžçŸ€ããæ±æµ·éã¡ã¬ãããªã¹ããšããããšãããã
èªåè»ç£æ¥ãå°åçµæžã®äžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠãããããšã¿èªåè»(è±ç°åž)ãšã¹ãºã(æµæŸåžäžåº)ã®2瀟ã¯ãã®å°åã«æ¬ç€Ÿãæ§ããã»ãããã³ãœãŒãã¢ã€ã·ã³(åè°·åž)ãªã©ã®èªåè»é¢é£äŒæ¥ã®æ¬ç€Ÿãå·¥å ŽãéŽé¹¿ãµãŒããã(éŽé¹¿åž)ãå¯å£«ã¹ããŒããŠã§ã€(å°å±±çº)ãªã©ã®èªåè»é¢é£ã®ã¬ãžã£ãŒæœèšãªã©ãéç©ããŠããããããã®ç¹åŸŽããã£ãŠã¢ãŒã¿ãªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ãæ¥æ¬ã§æãçºéããå°åã§ããããèªå®¶çšè»ã®ä¿æå°æ°ã¯æ¥æ¬ææ°ã®é«ãã§ããã
ãã®åé¢ãéé茞éåã¯é¢æ±ãé¢è¥¿ã«å¯ŸããŠå£ã£ãŠããã»ããåéã®äžéšè·¯ç·ã®å»ç·ãã¯ãããšããééã»ãã¹ã®åç¶åé¡ãªã©ãå«ã°ããŠããã
ãŸããæ¥æ¬äžã®èªåè»ä¿æå°æ°ãèªã£ãŠããæç¥çã®äº€éäºæ
æ»äº¡è
æ°ã¯ã2005幎 - 2018幎(å¹³æ17幎 - 30幎)ãŸã§16幎é£ç¶ã¯ãŒã¹ãã¯ã³ã§ããã
é岡çã¯æ±æµ·ã§ã¯ãªã颿±ã«å«ãŸããå Žåãããã
æ±æµ·å°æ¹(æ±æµ·4ç)ãåœæ¿éžæãã¹ããŒãç«¶æã®å°æ¹äºéžå€§äŒãªã©ã§ãå°æ¹(å°å)åºåãåç§°ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããå
·äœäŸãšããŠæ¬¡ã®ãããªãã®ãããã
次ã®ã°ã©ãã¯æç¥çã»å²éçã»äžéçã»é岡çã®äººå£ãåèšããã
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ 2003幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšæšèšäººå£ ç·èš [åäœ å人]
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ 2003幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšæšèšäººå£ ç·å¥³å¥ [åäœ å人]
æ±æµ·åç(é岡çãæç¥çãäžéçãå²éç)ã®äž»èŠéœåžãæ²èŒããã
äžéšãšå°ç§ã®äž¡ç©ºæž¯(é£è¡å Ž)ã¯IATAå
¬èªã«ããããã«ããšã¢ããŒããšããŠã®å¯Ÿå¿ããªãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9
|
6,118 |
å°è±å³¶
|
å°è±å³¶(ãããã©ããŸ)ã¯ãç¬æžå
æµ·ã»æç£šçã«ããå³¶ãè¡æ¿åºåã¯éŠå·çå°è±é¡ã«å±ããå°è±å³¶çºãååºçºã®2çºãããªãã人å£ã¯2äž5881人(2020幎床æšèš)ãè¿å¹Žã人å£ãæžå°ã®äžéããã©ã£ãŠããã2013幎6æ24æ¥ã«é£æ¥ããæ²ä¹å³¶ãšããããŠãåœå亀éçãããé¢å³¶æ¯èæ³ãã®æå®ãåãããé¢å³¶æ¯èæ³ã®æŽ»çšã§ãä»åŸ10幎éã®äººå£æžå°çã10%以å
ã«æããããšãç®æãã
å€ä»£ã«ã¯ããããããŸããšåŒã°ãããã®åŸãäžäžãŸã§ã¯ãããããããŸããšåŒã°ãããçŽ éººã逿²¹ãäœç
®ãè¡éº»æ²¹ããªãªãŒããªã©ã®çç£ãçãã§ãããããããæ¥æ¬ææ°ã®çç£å°ãšãªã£ãŠãããç¹ã«ãªãªãŒãã¯åœå
æ œå¹ã®çºç¥¥å°ãšããŠåºãç¥ãããããŸããå°èª¬ãäºååã®ç³ãã®äœè
å£ºäºæ ã®æ
é·ãšããŠãç¥ãããå°è±å³¶ããã±å°ãšããŠãåå°èª¬ã¯ãããŸã§2åæ ç»åãããã
å°è±å³¶ã¯ãéŠå·çã®çåºæåšå°é«æŸåžã®çŽ20kmåæ±æ²ã«äœçœ®ããåçæå€§ã®å³¶ã§ããã æ£ç¢ºã«ã¯äºã€ã®å³¶ã§ã䞡島éã«ã¯ã®ãã¹ããã¯èªå®ã®äžçã§æãå¹
ã®çãåæžæµ·å³¡(æçå¹
ã¯9.93ã¡ãŒãã«)ããããå€ãããæ©ã§éžç¶ãã§ãããæ
£äŸçã«äžã€ã®å°åãšããŠæ±ãããŠãããç¹ã«åºå¥ããéã«ã¯å°ããæ¹ã®å³¶(海峡ãæãã§è¥¿åŽã®å³¶)ãåå³¶(ãŸãããŸ)ãšåŒã¶ããšãããã
ç¬æžå
æµ·ã§ã¯æ·¡è·¯å³¶ã«æ¬¡ãã§2çªç®ã®é¢ç©ã§ãæ¥æ¬ã®å³¶ã«ãããŠã¯19çªç®ã®å€§ããã§ãããæšªã«åããçã西ãèŠãŠãããããªç¹åŸŽçãªåœ¢ã§æµ·å²žç·ã¯å€åã«å¯ã¿ã倿°ã®åå³¶ãšå
¥æ±ããããååŽã«ã¯æ± ç°æ¹Ÿãå
海湟ããããæž©æãªç¬æžå
æµ·åŒæ°åãæŽ»ããããªãªãŒãããã«ã³ãã¹ã¢ã¢ãªã©ã®æ œå¹ãè¡ãªãããŠããã
æ¬å·å³¶ãååœå³¶ããæ©æ¢ããã³ãã«ãªã©ã§ã€ãªãã£ãŠããªãéæ¶æ©ã®å³¶ãšããŠã¯ãç¬æžå
æµ·ã§æå€ã®äººå£ãæããå³¶ã§ããããŸãã2013幎æç¹ã§ã¯ç©ºè·¯ãååšããªããããè¹ã§ããæž¡ããªãé¢å³¶ãšããŠã¯æ¥æ¬åœå
ã§æå€ã®äººå£ãæããå³¶ã§ãããäžæ¥ã«çºçãããã§ãªãŒã®æ¬æ°ã¯æ¥æ¬ææ°ã§ããã
2013幎6æ23æ¥ãŸã§ã¯é¢ç©100km以äžã®éæ¶æ©æäººå³¶(åæ¹4å³¶ãé€ã)ãšããŠã¯ã(æ²çžçã®é¢å³¶æ¯èãå«ã)é¢å³¶æ¯èæ³ãªã©ã®ãããã®æ¯èæ³ãæå®ãåããŠããªãæ¥æ¬ã§å¯äžã®äŸã ã£ããå幎6æ24æ¥ããåœå亀éçããã®é¢å³¶æ¯èæ³ã®æå®ãåãããé¢å³¶æ¯èæ³ã掻çšããããšã«ããã2023幎ãŸã§ã®äººå£æžå°çã10%以å
ã«æããããšãç®æããŠããã
å³¶ã®äžå¿éšã«ã¯ãç¬æžå
æµ·ã®å³¶ã§äžçªé«ãå±±ã§ããæã¶å(ã»ãããããã817m)ããããç¬æžå€§æ©ãšå€§é³Žéæ©ãæç³æµ·å³¡å€§æ©ãåæã«èŠæž¡ããã
å¯éæžãå§ããšããæžè°·ã»èªç¶ãç¬æžå
æµ·åœç«å
¬åã«æå®ãããŠããã
ãã®å³¶ã®çç©çžã¯ãã倩ç¶ã®åç©é€šããšåŒã°ããã»ã©çç©ã®çš®é¡ã«å¯ãã§ãããå³¶å
ã«ã¯æ±æžæä»£ãçªã«ãã蟲æ¥è¢«å®³ãé²ãããããå£ãå³¶å
ãäžåšããããã«120ããã¡ãŒãã«ã«ãããç¯ããããå³¶å
ã®çªã¯ææ²»åæã«çºçããè±ç±ã§ã»ãŒçµ¶æ»
ããããè¿å¹Žã¯èŸ²äœç©ãèããããããã«ãªãã2019幎床ã«ã¯2039é ãæç²ãããã
æµ·åºå°åœ¢ã®çç±ããé»åã®éé以æ¥ã2016幎4æã®é»åèªç±åã®åã¯å
šåãäžåœé»åã®äŸçµŠåºåãšãªã£ãŠããã
å°è±å³¶ã§è©±ãããæ¹èšã¯è®å²åŒã«åé¡ãããæ±è®ã®èšèã«è¿ããšãããããæ±è®ã§ã¯ä»£è¡šçãªè®å²åŒãããããã»ããã(=ãã ãã)ããçšããªããªã©ç°ãªãé¢ãå€ãããã€ãŠã®å°ççãªåœ±é¿ããäžæ¹ã®æ¹èšã»äžåœæ¹èšçã®èªåœçãå€ãèŠããããå°è±å³¶ã®å³¶å
ã§ãå°åã«ããèšèãè¥å¹²ç°ãªããã¢ã¯ã»ã³ãã«é¢ããŠãæ§æ± ç°çºä»è¿ã¯é«æŸåŒãæ§å
æµ·çºåéšã¯èгé³å¯ºåŒãåéšã¯æ¬å³¶åŒãååºçºã¯ååºåŒãšå·®ç°ãããããªãããããã©ããŸãã¯ãéŠå·çäž»éšãå«ãããããã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã³ãã眮ããŠçºé³ãããããã«èãããã
å°è±å³¶ã«ã€ããŠæç®ã«èŠããæå€ã®èšé²ã¯ãå€äºèšãã®åœç£ã¿ã®æ®µã§ãäŒéªé£å²åœãšäŒéªé£çŸåœã®ãŸãããã«ãããå°è±å³¶ã(ãããããŸ)ã亊ã®åãã倧鿿¯å£²ã(ããã¬ã§ã²ããããã¬ãŠã²ãã倧éžå§«ãé¿è±æ³å³¶ç¥ç€Ÿã®ç¥ç¥)ãçãŸãããšèšè¿°ãããŠããããããã¬ã§ã²ããã®ãéžãã¯é
éžã®ããšã§ãå®éã«äžäºéæ± ã®è¥¿åŽããé
éžãåºåããŠããã
å°è±å³¶ã¯å€ä»£ããåååœå
å³¶é¡ã«å±ããåååœãåå²ãããåŸãåååœã«å±ããªã©ãäžäžãŸã§ã¯æ¬å·åŽã®è¡æ¿åºç»ã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããã平宿代åæããã¯ç宀ã®åŸ¡æå°ãšãªããã1347幎(è²å3幎)ã«ã¯ãããŸã§åæã«åŒå¿ããŠå³¶ãæ¯é
ããŠãã飜浊信è€ã现å·åž«æ°ã«æ»ããããŠåãããŠä»¥åŸãå³¶ã¯çް巿°é ãšãªãç宀é ã¯è§£äœãããããŸããã®çް巿°ã¯è®å²åœå®è·ã§ããããã®æããæ¿æ²»çãªæ¯é
è
ãšããåŽé¢ã§ã¯æ¬å·åŽã®æãé¢ããååœåŽã«ç§»ã£ãŠããã
å®è³ªçã«ã¯ãã®æ(1347幎(è²å3幎))ããå°è±å³¶ã¯è®å²åœãžãšæå±ãå€ãã£ãŠããããæžç°¡ãªã©ã«èŠãããåç§°ã«è®å²åœãããã¯è®å·ãšããåŒç§°ã¯å®çãããäŸç¶ãšããŠåååœãšããåŒç§°ãçšããããŠããããã®ãããªç¶æ
ã¯æ±æžæä»£ã®1689幎(å
çŠ2幎)ã®ææžãŸã§èŠããããã以éã宿°žå¹Žéããã¯ããããè®å²åœãããã¯è®å·ãšããåŒç§°ãå®çããåååœãšãã衚瀺ã¯è¡ãããªããªã£ãã
å°è±å³¶ã¯å€§éªä»¥è¥¿ã«ãããæµ·äžäº€éã®èŠè¡å°ã§ããããã1585幎(倩æ£13幎)ã«è±è£ç§åã®èµå
¥å°(çŽèœé ãåŸã®å€©é )ã«ãªã£ãŠä»¥éããã®éèŠæ§ããæã®äžå€®æ¿æš©ãçŽæ¥é æããæä»£ãç¶ããã
倧åã®é£åŸãæ±æžå¹åºã倧ååãå建ããã«ããã£ãŠæ°ããç³å£ãé å¶ããããã«è¥¿åœã®è«žå€§åã¯å¹åºã®èš±å¯ãåŸãŠå°è±å³¶ã®åå°ã«ç³äžå Žãèšçœ®ãããèšé²ã§ç¥ããããšããã§ã¯çŠå²¡è©é»ç°å®¶ãçæ¬è©å è€å®¶ãå°åè©(åŸã«çæ¬è©)现å·å®¶ã竹ç°è©äžå·å®¶ã宿¿æŽ¥è©è€å å®¶ãæŸæ±è©å å°Ÿå®¶ãæ³å·è©ç°äžå®¶ãäœè³è©éå³¶å®¶ãåºå³¶è©æµ
éå®¶ã®ç³äžå Žãç¥ãããŠãããç³äžå Žã¯å
¬åæ®è«ã®éã«åœæã®å³¶ã®ä»£å®ã§ãã£ãå°å æ¿äž(没åŸã¯å€§åçºå¥è¡ã»å€§åèå¥è¡ã«æš©éã移管)ã®èš±å¯ãåŸãŠåããŠç³ãåãã ããããšã«ãªã£ãŠããããè¯è³ªãªç³ãåŸãããå Žæã¯è²Žéã§ãã£ãããã«è«žå€§åã¯ãã€çããããåãããªãå
¬åæ®è«ã«åããŠç³äžå Žãä¿æãç¶ãããç³äžå Žãæã£ãŠãã倧åãæ¹æã«ãªããšæ°é äž»ããã®ç³äžå Žãç¶æ¿ããããšããã£ããããããã倧åãçŸããªãã£ãç³äžå Žã§ã¯å
¬åã®èš±å¯ãåŸãå人ã«ããè«è² ã«è»¢æãããããããå Žæã§ã¯éå®çãªããåçšã«çšããããšãèš±ãããããšã«ãªã£ãã
æ±æžæä»£åæãŸã§ã®éã¯å°è±å³¶ã4ã€ã®åºã«åããããã¡ãæ± ç°å°åºã¯æ± ç°è(æ± ç°é·)ãšãªãããã®ã®ã¡ãå°è±é¡ã®ãã¡æ±éšäžé·(èå éšãçŠç°ã倧éš)ã¯æ±æžå¹åºçŽèœã®å€©é (åæ·ä»£å®æç®¡èœ)ãšããŠãæ± ç°å°åºãšãå¹åºã®å€©é å°ãšãªãã西éšå
é·ã¯æŽ¥å±±è©é ãšããŠçµ±æ²»ãããããŸã倩ä¿å¹Žéãæ± ç°é·ã¯æŽ¥å±±è©ã®é å°ãšãªããææ²»åæã«ã¯å»è©çœ®çã«ããå°è±å³¶ã¯åæ·çã«å±ãããããã®åŸã¯éŠå·çã«å±ãããäžæã¯éŠå·çãçµ±å»åãç¹°ãè¿ãããããåæ±çãæåªçãšæå±ãéŠå·çãšäžã«ããããæçµçã«ã¯éŠå·çãšãªãã
çŸåšãååºçºãå²¡å±±çæŽ¥å±±åžãšæŽå²å奜éœåžäº€æµãè¡ãã®ãå§ããéŠå·çã¯ããšãã岡山çåŽã®å²¡å±±åžãçéåžãåæ·åžãåååžãå
µåº«çèµ€ç©åžãå§«è·¯åžãªã©ç¬æžå
æµ·å岞å°åãšã®çµã³ã€ããæ·±ãã
è¿äž
è¿ä»£ã»çŸä»£
å°è±å³¶ã¯å
šåãéŠå·çå°è±é¡ã«å±ããååºçºãšå°è±å³¶çºã®2çºãããããååšããã人å£ã»é¢ç©ãšãæå€§ã¯å°è±å³¶çºã§ããããå³¶ã®çé¢å£ã§ããå€ãã®åæ¥æœèšãçåºå
æ©é¢ãæåšããã®ã¯ååºçºã§ããããŸããååºçºã¯å°è±å³¶æ¬äœä»¥å€ã«è±å³¶ãçºåã«å«ãã§ãããå°è±å³¶çºã¯å¹³æã®å€§å䜵ã«ãã£ãŠæ± ç°çºãšå
æµ·çºãå䜵ããŠæ°èšããããã®ã§ããããŸã§ã¯åäžçŽã«ããã£ãŠé·ãã3çºäœå¶ãç¶ããŠãããå¹³æã®å€§å䜵ã§ã¯ååºçºãå«ãã3çºã§å䜵åè°äŒãé²è¡ããŠããããçºåœ¹å Žã®äœçœ®ãããã£ãŠååºçºãšæ®ã2çºã察ç«ããæçµçã«ååºçºãé¢è±ããã
å³¶å¶Œå°åã§ãããã3äžäººè¿ã人å£ãæããŠãããååºçºãäžå¿ã«ããçšåºŠãã§ãŒã³åºãç«å°ããŠãããã³ã³ãããšã³ã¹ã¹ãã¢ã¯2023幎8ææç¹ã§ã»ãã³-ã€ã¬ãã³ã6åºèå¶æ¥ããŠãããå³¶å
ã§ã¯ãã®ã»ãããã¡ããªãŒã¬ã¹ãã©ã³1è»ã23æãŸã§å¶æ¥ãè¡ãªã£ãŠããã1979幎1æã«ã¯ã¢ã¹ããŒã¬ãŒå°è±å³¶åºãå瀟ã®100åºèç®ãšããŠå
šåœã§ãæ¯èŒçæ©æã«éåºãããã2001幎以éã«éåºããŠããã
å³¶å
ã®éèæ©é¢ã¯éŠå·çç³»ã®éè¡ãšåéµäŸ¿å±ã«ããããã¡ãéè¡ãååšããã2013幎ãŸã§ã¯ãµã³ã¯ã¹ãã³ã³ãããšããŠå¶æ¥ããŠãããã®ã®ã³ã³ããATMããªãã£ããããå³¶å
ã«ãããæéå€åŒãåºãã¯äžå¯èœã§ãã£ãã2013幎3æ8æ¥ã«ã»ãã³-ã€ã¬ãã³ãéåºããã®ã«äŒŽããã»ãã³éè¡ã®ATM(çŸéèªåé ãæãæ©)ãèšçœ®ããããã®ç¶æ
ã¯è§£æ¶ãããã
1974幎7æãš1976幎9æã«èšé²çãªéäžè±ªéšãèšé²ããå³¶å
ã«ããå±±å°ã厩å£ã1974幎ã«ã¯æ»è
29åã»å
šåå£å®¶å±128æžã1976幎ã«ã¯æ»è
39åã»å
šåå£å®¶å±406æžãèšé²ããããã®äžã§1976幎ã®çœå®³ã¯å³¶å
ã®ããã€ãã®å±±å°ã厩å£ããå±±éºã®æç¶å°ã«äœçœ®ããŠããå³¶ã®è¥¿åŽã«äœçœ®ããç³å Žã»æ±åŽã«äœçœ®ããå°è±å³¶çº(æ§å
æµ·çº)æ©å°åºãªã©ã®éèœã¯åç³æµã®çŽæãåããå Žæãå€ããæšæºããç¶æ³ã§ãã£ããç³å Žå°åºã§ã¯åç³æµãæµäžããå®¶å±ãæŒã朰ããŠãããæµ·å²žæ²¿ãã®éè·¯ã¯å¯žæãããç°çãªã©ã®èŸ²äœç©ãããµ(è±åŽå²©ç )ã«ãã£ãŠåœ±é¿ãåºãããŸããæ©å°åºã§ã¯èåŸã®å±±å°ã«åŽ©å£å°ãå€çºããåç³æµãå·ãäŒã£ãŠãããå¢ããå¢ããæ°Žãéç ²æ°Žãšãªã£ãŠæµäžããæç¶å°äžã®éèœã襲ã£ããçœå®³åŸã¯å±±è
¹åŽ©å£ãçããéšåã«ç é²å·¥äºãè¡ãããã³ã³ã¯ãªãŒãå °å €ãæ§ç¯ãããã
1970幎1æ12æ¥ãæ± ç°çºã®å±±æããåºç«ãåæ14æ¥ã«ã¯çŽ540ha以äžã®æ£®æã«å»¶çŒããå€§èŠæš¡ãªå±±ç«äºãšãªã£ãã
è»äž¡ä¹è¹å¯èœãªãã§ãªãŒãéèªããŠããã䟿æ°ã¯ååœåŽã®é«æŸæž¯ãžçºçãããã®ãæãå€ããå°è±å³¶ããè¡ãæ¥ããéã«å©äŸ¿æ§ãé«ãããã®ã»ããæ¬å·åŽããã¯æ°å²¡å±±æž¯ãå®é枯ã姫路枯ãç¥æžæž¯ããã®ãã§ãªãŒãçŸåšéèªããŠããããŸããç¬æžå
åœéèžè¡ç¥(ããªãšã³ããŒã¬)æéäžã¯çŽå³¶ãç¬å³¶ãè±å³¶ãªã©ãã®ä»ã®å³¶å¶Œéšãžã®èšæäŸ¿ãåºãã
倪åã®äŒç€Ÿã¯æ
客å°çšã®é«éè¹ã®éèªããããéè³ã¯å€§äºº1人åœããã®çéæ
客éè³ã
ãªããã€ãŠã¯å°è±å³¶ãã¹ãè·¯ç·ãåŒããŠããããã®ã¡èгå
ãã¹ã®ã¿ã«ãªãçŸåšã¯æ€éããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B1%86%E5%B3%B6
|
6,119 |
åœåå°çé¢
|
åœåå°çé¢(ãè±: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®è¡æ¿æ©é¢ã®ã²ãšã€ãåœå亀éçèšçœ®æ³åã³æž¬éæ³ã«åºã¥ã枬éè¡æ¿ãåžãåœå亀éçã®ç¹å¥ã®æ©é¢ã§ããã
æ¬æ©é¢ã¯æ¥æ¬ã®å°ç空éæ
å ±åœå±ããã³åœå®¶å°å³äœææ©é¢(è±èªç)ã«åœããã
æ¥æ¬åœå
ã«ãããããã¹ãŠã®æž¬éã®åºç€ãšãªã枬éã(åºæ¬æž¬é)ãèªã宿œãåœå®¶åº§æšã®ç¶æç®¡çãè¡ãã»ããåœåå°çé¢ä»¥å€ã®åœã®è¡æ¿æ©é¢ãå
Œ
±å£äœã宿œããå
Œ
±æž¬éã®æå°ã»å©èšãè¡ãããŸããå°ç空éæ
å ±ã®åœéæšæºåãåœéé£åå°åæšæºåäŒè°ã»å°çåŠçåç§°ã«é¢ããåœé£å°éå®¶ã°ã«ãŒããªã©ã®åœéäŒåãžã®åç»ãå®å®æž¬å°ãéåæž¬å®ã®åœéçäºæ¥ãžã®åç»ãªã©ãåœå®¶å°å³äœææ©é¢ãšããŠã®åœéååãæ
ã£ãŠããããŸããæž¬é士詊éšã枬é士è£è©Šéšã枬é士ç»é²è¡æ¿ãè¡ã£ãŠããã
äžè¬ã«åœã®åºæ¬å³ã§ãããå°åœ¢å³ãã®çºè¡å
ãšããŠç¥ããããã®åºç€ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã§ããé»ååœååºæ¬å³ãåºã«æž¬å®ã»å
¬è¡šããããå
šåœéœéåºçåžåºçºæå¥é¢ç©èª¿ãã¯ãå°æ¹äº€ä»çšæ³ã«èŠå®ãããå°æ¹è¡æ¿ã«èŠããçµè²»ã®æž¬å®åäœã«é¢ããæ°å€ã®ç®å®åºç€ãšããŠçšããããŠããããŸããçœå®³å¯Ÿçåºæ¬æ³ç¬¬2æ¡ç¬¬3å·åã³æŠåæ»æäºæ
æ³ç¬¬2æ¡ç¬¬4å·ã«èŠå®ããæå®è¡æ¿æ©é¢ãšããŠãå°éã»ç«å±±åŽç«çã®çœå®³æãæŠåæ»æäºæ
çã«ãããŠãå°åœ¢å³ã空äžåçãã¯ãããšããå°ç空éæ
å ±ã®æäŸã®ã»ããGNSS枬éãåæéå£ã¬ãŒããŒã«ããå°æ®»å€åã®èŠ³æž¬ãªã©ã«ããçœå®³èŠ³æž¬ãè¡ãã
1869幎6æ(ææ²»2幎5æ)èšç«ã®æ°éšå®åº¶ååžæžç±å°å³æãè¡æ¿çµç¹ã®èµ·æºãšããããè¿ä»£æ¿åºãšããŠã®æž¬éã»å°å³ã«é¢ããå¶åºŠçãªåç¢ãšããŠã¯ãè¡æ¿å®ãåºçã»è«žäŸ¯ã«å¯ŸããŠçºãã1868幎(ææ²»å
幎)12æ24æ¥ã®æ²æ±°ã«ãŸã§é¡ãããšãã§ãããæžç±å°å³æã¯ç¿1870幎(ææ²»3幎)ã«ã¯æ°éšçå°çåžãžãšæ¡å
ããç¿1871幎(ææ²»4幎)ã®æ°éšç廿¢ã«äŒŽã枬éå°å³äœææ¥åã¯æ°èšãããå·¥éšç枬éåžã«ãåããæžç±æ¥åã¯å€§èµçç§çšå¯®ãžç§»ç®¡ãå
åçèšçœ®ã®1873幎(ææ²»6幎)ã®ç¿å¹Ž1æã«ã¯ã倪æ¿å®éã«ãããåçã«å°ç寮ãçºè¶³ããããã®åŸãå幎8æçºåžã®å€ªæ¿å®éã«ãããæž¬éåž(å
å·¥éšç)åã³å€ªæ¿å®æ£é¢å
å²å°èªèª²ã®æ¥åçã移管統åãã€ã€ã1877幎(ææ²»10幎)ã«å€ªæ¿å®é第3å·ã«ãããå
åçå°çå±ããšæ¹ç§°ãããå
šåœå€§äžè§æž¬éãšå°ç±èª¿æ»ã®å®æœãäž»èŠæ¥åãšããã
äžæ¹ã§ã1871幎(ææ²»4幎)7æãå
µéšçã«ãæ©åå¯è¬ãåç«ã·å°åæ¿èªã²ç·šèŒ¯ã·äžŠãéè«éå ±çãäºã²æã«ãããšãç®çã«éžè»åè¬å±ãèšãããããå¹³æãåšãªæ¯ã²è«žå°æ¹ãåé£ã·å°çã²æž¬éã»ã·ã¡å°åã²è£œã¹ã«ãçšãäŸã¹ã«äºããšããŠéè«éã眮ããããç¿å¹Žã®2æã«å
µéšçãéžè»ã»æµ·è»äž¡çã«åå²ãããéã«ã¯éžè»çåè¬å±ãšããŠå眮ããããã1873幎(ææ²»6幎)4æããéžè»æåº«ã»æž¬éå°åã»ç¹ªå圫å»ã»å
µå²äžŠå
µå®¶æ¿èªè茯ããæãéžè»ç第å
å±(ç¿å¹Žåã³åè¬å±ãšæ¹ç§°)ãšãªã£ããããã«ã1878幎(ææ²»11幎)12æãéžè»çåè¬å±ã®å»æ¢ãšåè¬æ¬éšèšçœ®ãæ©ã«ãåéšã®å°å³èª²ã»æž¬é課ãšããŠæ¡å
ã»æ¹ç§°ãããã
ãã®ããã«ãäžæææ¥æ¬ã«ãããæž¬å°æž¬éã¯å
åçå°çå±ãšåè¬æ¬éšæž¬é課ã«ããäºå
çã«å®æœãããŠãããã1884幎(ææ²»17幎)6æ26æ¥ãäžé£ã®å€ªæ¿å®éã«ãã£ãŠå°çè¡æ¿ã®æ¥åãæŽçãããå
åçå°çå±ãã倧äžè§æž¬éæ¥åãåè¬æ¬éšã«ç§»ç®¡ã以åŸãåå±ã®äž»ãªæ¥åã¯å°èªç·šçºäžå¿ã«çž®å°ãããããã«äŒŽãåè¬æ¬éšã®å°å³èª²ã»æž¬é課ã¯ã枬éå±ããžãšæ¡å
(1884幎9æ)ãããã«åè¬æ¬éšã®äžå±ããåé¢ããéžå°æž¬ééšãšããŠæ¬éšé·çŽå±ã®ç¬ç«å®åºãšãªãã®ã¯1888幎(ææ²»21幎)5æã§ãããå
šåœèŠæš¡ã®éžå°éšã«ãããæž¬éãçµ±æ¬ãããšããååã¯ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠçµæŠæãŸã§ç¶ç¶ããã1945幎(æå20幎)ã«ã¯æ±äº¬å€§ç©ºè¥²ãåããŠåéšçœ²æ¯ã«é·éçæŸæ¬çå°ã«åæ£çéããã
çµæŠçŽåŸãåè¬æ¬éšç¬¬äºéšåè¬ã»æž¡éæ£å°äœã®ãæŠåŸã®åŸ©èã«ãå°å³äœææ©é¢ãå¿
èŠããšããŠææ°çµç¹ãžã®ãã¡æ©ãåãæ¿ãã®åªåã«ããããå
åçå®å¶äžæ¹æ£ãä»¶ã(æå20幎å
什第502å·)ã®å¶å®ã»æœè¡ã«ãããéžå°æž¬ééšä»€ã®å»æ¢ãšãšãã«éžå°æž¬ééšã¯æ¶æ»
ãçµæŠ2é±éåŸã®1945幎(æå20幎)9æ1æ¥ä»ãã§ææ°çµç¹ã§ããå
åçå°çèª¿æ»æãæ°ãã«çºè¶³ã貎éãªè³æã»æ©åšã¯ãå€ããæŠåŸã®æ··ä¹±ã«ããæ£éžããå
ãããç¿å¹Žã«ã¯ãçéå
ã®é·éçããåèçåèåžç𲿝(æ§åèéžè»æŠè»åŠæ ¡è·¡å°)ã«ç§»ã(å移転ã¯åŸè¿°)ã1948幎(æå23幎)1æ1æ¥ã«å»ºèšé¢å°çèª¿æ»æãç¶ããŠå幎7æ10æ¥ã«å»ºèšçå°çèª¿æ»æãšãªãã1960幎(æå35幎)7æ1æ¥ã«çŸåšã®åœåå°çé¢ãšæ¹ç§°ãããã ãã®åŸã1984幎(æå59幎)7æ1æ¥ãåœå®¶è¡æ¿çµç¹æ³ã®æ¹æ£ã«ãã建èšçã®ç¹å¥ã®æ©é¢ã«äœçœ®ã¥ããããæŽã«äžå€®çåºåç·šã«äŒŽãåœå亀éçã®ç¹å¥ã®æ©é¢ãšãªãçŸåšã«è³ã£ãŠããã
æ¬é¢ã¯çæ³¢ç ç©¶åŠåéœåžå
ã®èšåçã€ãã°åžåé·1çªã«ããã1979幎(æå54幎)ã«æ±äº¬ã»ç®é»ããçŸåšå°(åœæã¯çæ³¢é¡è°·ç°éšçº)ã«ç§»è»¢ããã1996幎(å¹³æ8幎)6æ1æ¥ã«ãå°å³ã枬éã«ã€ããŠèŠªããããããªæœèšãå°å³ãšæž¬éã®ç§åŠé€šããé通ãããã
åœåå°çé¢ã®å
éšçµç¹ã¯äžè¬çã«ãæ³åŸã®åœå亀éçèšçœ®æ³ãæ¿ä»€ã®åœå亀éççµç¹ä»€ããã³ç什ã®åœåå°çé¢çµç¹èŠåãéå±€çã«èŠå®ããŠããã
(èšåçã€ãã°åžåé·1çª)
åœåå°çé¢ã®å¹¹éšã¯ä»¥äžã®ãšããã§ãããå¹¹éšåç°¿ã«ã¯ãäºåå®ãšæå®ã®å¥ã®èšèŒããããç·åéš(åºå ±åºèŽå®€é·ãé€ã)ãäž»ä»»ç£æ»å®ãç£æ»å®ã驿£æ¥å管çå®åã³åå°æ¹æž¬ééšã®ç®¡ç課é·ã¯äºåå®ãä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®å¹¹éšã¯æå®ã§ããã
ãªããé¢é·ã«çŽå±ããåäºå®ã¯ãåœåå°çé¢çµç¹èŠå(å¹³æ13幎åœå亀éç什第20å·)ã§ã¯ãä»ã®äžå€®å®åºã«ãããåäºå®(課é·çŽ)ãšåæ§ãåœåå°çé¢ã®ææäºåã«é¢ããéèŠäºé
ã®äŒç»åã³ç«æ¡ã«åç»ãã(第3æ¡)ãšãããããã ã建å¶é ã§ã¯é¢é·ã®æ¬¡ã«äœçœ®ããè±èš³åç§°ã Deputy Director General(å¯é¢é·)ãšãªã£ãŠããã
å³¶åãæµ·å³¡åãªã©ã«ã€ããŠãåœåå°çé¢ãšæµ·äžä¿å®åºãšãåè°ããŠåç§°ãåºå®ããŠãããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãã®åç§°ããæ£åŒåããšåŒã¶ããšã«ãªã£ãŠãããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãäœæ°ãèªæ²»äœãéåžžçšããªãåç§°ããã®æ£åŒåãšããŠå®ããããå Žåããã(äŸ:å±ä»£å³¶(ä¿ç§°:åšé²å€§å³¶))ã
å±±åãªã©ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã®ãããªå¶åºŠã¯ãªãã
åœå亀éçã®è©²åœã®é
ãåç
§
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%99%A2
|
6,120 |
淡路島
|
淡路島(ãããããŸ)ã¯ãç¬æžå
æµ·æ±éšã«äœçœ®ããå³¶ãæ¥æ¬åœå
ã§ã¯å³¶ãšããŠã¯äž»èŠ4å³¶ãå«ã11çªç®ã«é¢ç©ã倧ãããç¬æžå
æµ·ã§ã¯æå€§é¢ç©ã®å³¶ã§ã人å£ã¯é¢å³¶ã®äžã§ã¯æãå€ãçŽ12äžäººã什å¶åœã®æ·¡è·¯åœã®äž»èŠåœåãå ãããè¿ç¿å°æ¹ã®å
µåº«çã«å±ããçŸåšã¯åããæ·¡è·¯åžã»æŽ²æ¬åžã»åãããåžã®3åžã§åºåããããæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ã®åœç£ã¿ã®å³¶ãšããŠãç¥ãããã
å€ä»£ããæ·¡è·¯åœãšããŠååšããæ±æžæä»£ã«ã¯èé è³å®¶ãé¿æ³¢åœãšãšãã«é ãããæ·¡è·¯æŽ²æ¬åäž»ã§ããçé å®¶èçš²ç°å®¶ãšèé è³å®¶ãšã®å¯Ÿç«ã«ç«¯ãçºããåºåäºå€ã®çºçã«ãããå»è©çœ®çã§ã¯åŸ³å³¶çã§ã¯ãªãå
µåº«çã«ç·šå
¥ããããæ°åãæž©æã§ã蟲æ¥ãçããç¹ã«é
ªèŸ²ãã¿ããã®æ œå¹ãããç¥ããããç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠäžãŸã§ã¯ãèŠå¡å°ã§ãã£ãããã芳å
å°ãšããŠçºå±ããããšã¯ãªãã£ãããããã1950幎ã«åœç«å
¬åã«ç·šå
¥ãããŠä»¥éã鳎éãšæ±ãåããã§ã¯ããŒãºã¢ããããåºããã2016幎以éã¯ãããœãã°ã«ãŒããããã«é£²é£æ¥ã®ãã«ãããŒãããããŸã§ã西浊ããšåŒã°ãéçºããæŸçœ®ãããŠããè¥¿åŽæµ·å²žã«ç®ãä»ããæç£šçã®çŸãã倿¥ãç®çã«èгå
éçºãé²ãã芳å
æœèšãçžæ¬¡ãã§åºçŸãè³ãããèŠãå§ããã
åæ±ããå西ãžãããŠçްé·ã䌞ã³ã淡路島ã¯ååçŽ53kmãæ±è¥¿çŽ22kmãåšå²çŽ203kmã§ãåéšã§ã¯å¹
5kmãã8kmãšçްãåéšã§å¹
ãåºãã£ãŠããã
ã°ã¢ã å³¶ãã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«å³¶ãšã»ãŒåãé¢ç©ãæããæ¥æ¬åœå
ã§ã¯äž»èŠ4å³¶ãææå³¶ãåœåŸå³¶ãæ²çžæ¬å³¶ãäœæž¡å³¶ãå¥çŸå€§å³¶ã察銬ã«ã€ãã§ç¬¬11äœã®é¢ç©ãæã¡ã人å£ã§ã¯äž»èŠ4島以å€ã§ã¯æ²çžæ¬å³¶ã«æ¬¡ãã§ç¬¬2äœ(çŽ12äžäºº)ã§ããã
å€§éªæ¹Ÿãæç£šçãçŽäŒæ°Žéã«ååšãå²ãŸããåç«¯ã®æŸåžåŽã§æç³æµ·å³¡ã«ãåæ±ç«¯ã®çç³éŒ»ã§çŽæ·¡æµ·å³¡ã«ãå西端ã®éåŽ(ãšãã)ã§é³Žé海峡ã«ã®ãããæ¬å·ååœé£çµ¡éè·¯ã®ç¥æžã»é³Žéã«ãŒãã§æ¬å·ã»ååœãšç¹ãã£ãŠããã1985幎ã«å€§é³Žéæ©ã1998å¹Žã«æç³æµ·å³¡å€§æ©ã宿ããŠååãå°ç¶ããšãªã£ãã
åéšãšåéšã®æ·¡è·¯å±±å°ãšäžåéšã®æ·¡è·¯å¹³éã«åããããåæ±éšãšåéšã®å±±å°æ¥æé¢ã¯æµ·å²žãŸã§è¿«ãããŸãåšå²ã®äž»ãªå±å³¶ã«ã¯çŽæ·¡æµ·å³¡ã®æã¶å³¶ãçŽäŒæ°Žéã®æ²Œå³¶ãããã
å
šå³¶ãç¬æžå
æµ·åŒæ°å(幎éå¹³åæ°æž©çŽ16°Cã幎ééæ°ŽéçŽ1300mm)ã®åºåã«å±ãã(è«é¶ŽçŸœå±±å°ä»¥åã§ã¯åæµ·å倪平æŽåŽæ°åã®ç¹åŸŽãå°ãæ··ãã)ããã®ããå€ãã®èŸ²æ¥çšããæ± ããããå
µåº«çå
ã«ãã43,000ã®ããæ± ã®åæ°ãè¶
ãã23,000ãå³¶å
ã«ããã è¿ä»£ä»¥éããã 建èšãè¡ãããŠãããã1999幎(å¹³æ11幎)12æã«æç³æµ·å³¡å€§æ©ã«æ¶èšãããå£åŸ450mmã®2æ¡ã®æ°Žé管ã«ããæ¬åå°æ°Žãéå§ããããå°é¢šé座ã§ãã第2宀æžå°é¢šãã¯ãããå€ãã®å°é¢šãééããŠãããæ·¡è·¯å³¶ãééããå°é¢šã¯äº¬éªç¥ã«ç倧ãªè¢«å®³ãäžãããã®ãå€ãã
以äžã®åé¡ã¯ãåå°åé¡å³(å°åœ¢åé¡å³)çµæžäŒç»åºç·åéçºå± æå49幎(1974幎)çºè¡ãã«ããã
ãèšçŽãã®æ¥æ¬åå³¶ã®åœç£ã¿ã®ç¥è©±ã§ã¯ã淡路島ã¯äŒåŒè«Ÿå°(ãããªãã®ã¿ããš)ã»äŒåŒåå°(ãããªã¿ã®ã¿ããš)ãæ¥æ¬åå³¶äžãæåã«åµé ããå³¶ã§ããããå€äºèšãã§ã¯æ·¡éä¹ç©ä¹çå¥å³¶(ãã¯ã¢ã®ã»ã®ãããã®ããŸããããã®ã»ã®ãããã®ããŸ)ãšèšãããã
ãå
代æ§äºæ¬çŽããåœé æ¬çŽãã«ã¯ãä»åŸ³å€©çã®åŸ¡ä»£ã«æ·¡éåœé ãèšçœ®ããããšã®èšè¿°ãããããæ¥æ¬æžçŽãã§ã¯æ·¡è·¯æŽ²ãšèšããããæµ·äººæãšãããé¿ææµåã«ãã£ãŠæ°Žè»ã圢æãããåæã®å€©çå®¶ãšã®ç¹ããã¯æ·±ãããããæ·¡è·¯å®®ãæ·¡è·¯ããã®çåã®èšèŒãèŠãããããŸã忣倩çã¯æ·¡è·¯å³¶ã§çãŸãããšãããã
å€ä»£ãã平宿代ãŸã§åŸ¡é£åœ(ã¿ãã€ãã«)ãšããŠçå®€ã»æå»·ã«èŽ(ã«ã)ãè²¢ãã ãšãããããå»¶ååŒãã«ãããšãæ·¡è·¯åœã¯æ¬æã»ç¯æãšããŠãééããèŽãšããŠçŽããããšãèšèŒãããŠããã
æ±æžæä»£ã«ãªã埳å·å®¶åº·ã¯å€§åã®é£ã§è²¢ç®ããèé è³æ°ã«åŸæ¥ã®é¿æ³¢åœã«å ããŠæ·¡è·¯åœãå å¢ããããã®éãèé è³å®¶ã®å®¶ç¥èé è³æ£å(åå
)ãšçŸ©å
åŒã®å¥ããçµã³èé è³å®¶ã®å®¶è£ãšãªã£ãŠããçš²ç°æ€å
ããã®åã®çš²ç°ç€ºæ€ããããŠå«ã®çš²ç°æ€æ¬¡ã®æŽ»èºãç¹ã«å€§ããã£ãããã埳å·å®¶åº·ã®åœã«ããçš²ç°æ°ãæ·¡è·¯äžåœãæ¯é
ããå代ã«ä»£ã
ä»»ããããããšã«ãªã£ãã
ãã ãèé è³å®¶ã«ãšã£ãŠçš²ç°æ°ã¯ãããŸã§äžå®¶è£ã«éããããããçš²ç°æ°ã§ã¯ä»£ãéããããšã«åŸã
ã«èé è³å®¶ããã®ç¬ç«æèãèœçããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«è»èœ¢ãçããããã«ãªããææ²»ç¶æ°ã§ã¯ãäœå¹ã§ãã£ãèé è³å®¶ã«å¯Ÿããçš²ç°æ°ã¯åå¹ã»æ°æ¿åºåŽã«ç«ã£ãп޻åãããããã«ããããããå®¶è£ã¯å£«æã§ã¯ãªãåæãšããã(éªè£ãšã¿ãªããã)ããã«ãçš²ç°æ°åŽã¯æ·¡è·¯ãé¿æ³¢è©ããåè©ç¬ç«ããããšãç»çããããã®åãã«å¯Ÿãåºåäºå€(çš²ç°éšå)ã§èé è³å®¶åŽãäžæ¹çã«çš²ç°æ°åŽã殺å·ããããšãã確å·ã¯æ±ºå®çãªãã®ãšãªã£ãããããé å ãšãªãã1868幎ã«å代å
µåº«çç¥äºãšãªã£ãŠããäŒè€åæã倧ããªé åãæãã ããšãããã1876å¹Žã«æ·¡è·¯ã¯é¿æ³¢ãšåãããŠå
µåº«çã«ç·šå
¥ãããããšã«ãªã£ãã以æ¥ãå
µåº«äºåœã®äžè§ãšããŠçºå±ããŠããã
å
µåº«çã¯å°æ¹èªæ²»æ³ã«åºã¥ãæ¯åºãšããŠã淡路島å
šåã管èœããæ·¡è·¯çæ°å±ã掲æ¬åžã«èšçœ®ããŠããã
1965幎(æå40幎)以éãæŽ²æ¬åžã»æŽ¥åé¡ã»äžåé¡ã®1åž10çºäœå¶ãç¶ããŠããããåžçºæå䜵ã«ãã£ãŠã2005幎(å¹³æ17幎)1æ11æ¥ã«ã¯äžåé¡4çº(ç·çºã»äžåçºã»è¥¿æ·¡çºã»åæ·¡çº)ãåãããåžã«ãå4æ1æ¥ã«ã¯æŽ¥åé¡äºè²çºãé€ã接åé¡5çº(æ·¡è·¯çºã»åæ·¡çºã»æ±æµŠçºã»äžå®®çºã»æŽ¥åçº)ãæ·¡è·¯åžãšãªã£ããæ®ãäºè²çºã¯2006幎(å¹³æ18幎)2æ11æ¥ã«æŽ²æ¬åžãšå䜵ããæ°ãã«æŽ²æ¬åžãšãªã£ãããããã®å䜵ã«ããçŸåšã®æ·¡è·¯å³¶ã¯ãåããæ·¡è·¯åžã»æŽ²æ¬åžã»åãããåžã®3åžäœå¶ãšãªã£ãŠãããæ·¡è·¯å³¶å
šäœã§äžã€ã®åžãšãªãæ§æ³ãåãããã£ãããå®çŸããªãã£ãã
è¡è°é¢ã®å°éžæåºã¯ãå
µåº«ç第9åºã(äžèš3åžãªãã³ã«æç³åž)ã§ããã»ããå
µåº«çè°äŒã®éžæåºã¯ååžããšã®éžæåº(ãããã宿°1)ã§ããã人å£ã¯ãæå30幎代ã«ã¯20äžäººãè¶
ããŠãããçŸåšã§ã¯çŽ12äžäººã§ããã
淡路島ã®ååã«ç¥æžæ·¡è·¯é³Žéèªåè»éã瞊æãããå³¶åæ±éšã®å€§éªæ¹Ÿã«é¢ããæµ·å²žç·ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠåœé28å·ãèµ°ããæŽ¥å枯ãããããã®ãã¡ãåæ±éšã®æŽ²æ¬åžåšèŸºã®æŽ²æ¬å¹³éããå西éšã®åãããåž(æ§åæ·¡çº)ãžéããéšåãååœè¡éãšåŒã¶ã
å³¶å西éšã®æç£šçã«é¢ããæµ·å²žç·ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠãåãããåžã§äžåå¹³é西éšã瞊æããå
µåº«çé31å·çŠè¯æ±äºå²©å±ç·ãèµ°ã£ãŠããããã€ãŠå³¶å
ã«ã¯1922幎(倧æ£11幎)ãã1966幎(æå41幎)ã«ãããŠæŽ²æ¬ãšçŠè¯ãããã¶æ·¡è·¯äº€éééç·ãååšãããã以éã¯è·¯ç·ãã¹ã«çœ®ãæããããŠãããééè·¯ç·ã¯ãªããªã£ãã
åžå€å±çªã¯å³¶å
å
šå0799ã§ããããæ·¡è·¯åž(接åMA)ãšæŽ²æ¬åžã»åãããåž(掲æ¬MA)ãšã®çžäºé話ã«ã¯åžå€å±çªãå¿
èŠã§ãããMA(åäœæéåºå)ã®çµ±åã¯çŸåšå®æœãããŠããªã(2009幎çŸåšãå
šå³¶ã§MAçµ±åã宿œãããã®ã¯2005幎6æã®äœæž¡å³¶ã®ã¿ã§ãã)ã
èªåè»ã®ãã³ããŒãã¬ãŒãã¯ãç¥æžãã³ããŒã(ç¥æžé茞ç£çéšå
µåº«éžééšéåŽåºè)ã§ããã
1877幎ã«å®ååå¹³ã«ãã£ãŠæ·¡è·¯æ°èãçºè¡ããããå°åçŽãšããŠã¯æ¥µããŠæ©ãææã«èªçãããã®ãšããããŠãããæå50幎代ãŸã§åè¡ãããã
å³¶å
ã«ã³ãã¥ããã£æŸéã¯ç¡ããã2018幎10æããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã©ãžãªã®ãšããšã ã»ã®ã°æ·¡è·¯å³¶ã«ããããã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãéå±ããŠããã
äžè¬çãªéœåžåã®å®çŸ©ã«ã€ããŠã¯éœåžåãåç
§ã®ããšã
éœåžéçšå(10% éå€å)ã®å€é·
å³¶å
ã«ã¯äŒçµ±èžèœã蟲æ¥ããçãŸããæ°éä¿¡ä»°ãç¬ç¹ã®ç¿ä¿ãªã©ãå€ãæ®ã£ãŠãããããã§ã¯ãã®å
ã®äžéšããªã¹ãã¢ããããã
ç·çç£é¡ã¯4426ååãå°±æ¥å²åã¯1æ¬¡ç£æ¥ã6.0%ã2æ¬¡ç£æ¥ã27.4%ã3æ¬¡ç£æ¥ã66.6%ã§ã1æ¬¡ç£æ¥ã®å²åãçå¹³å (0.6%) ã倧ããäžåã£ãŠãã(2003幎)ã
淡路島ã®äžå¿å°ã§ããæŽ²æ¬åžã¯ããã€ãŠé淵玡瞟掲æ¬å·¥å Ž(ã«ãããŠ)ã®äŒæ¥åäžçºã§ãã£ããæ·¡è·¯å³¶ã«ã¯1896å¹Žåµæ¥ã®æ·¡è·¯çŽ¡çžŸããã£ããéæ·µçŽ¡çžŸ(ã«ãããŠ)ã¯1900幎(ææ²»33幎)ã«æ·¡è·¯çŽ¡çžŸãè²·åããé¢è¥¿ã®æ ç¹ãšããŠæŽ²æ¬å·¥å Žãéèšããã1950幎(æå25幎)ã«ã¯åŸæ¥å¡æ°4200人ãè¶
ãããŸã§ã«æé·ãããããã®åŸã®çµæžæ§é ã®å€åã«ããæŽ²æ¬å·¥å Žã¯çž®å°ã®éã蟿ã1985幎(æå60幎)ã«ç¶¿çŽ¡äºæ¥ã«çµæ¢ç¬Šããã¡ãæ°ãã«çºè¶³ããã«ãããŠé»åãžç§»ç®¡ããããããŠ1986幎(æå61幎)ã«çŽ¡çžŸææ¥ã忢ããã«è³ã£ããã«ãããŠã®æŽå²ã®äžã§æŽ²æ¬å·¥å Žã¯ã綿玡ç¹äºæ¥ãææããŠããå·¥å ŽãšããŠæé·(87幎)ã®æŽå²ããã€ã
çŸåšè·¡å°ã¯æŽ²æ¬åžæ°éœå¿ãŸãŒã³ãšããŠã€ãªã³æŽ²æ¬ã·ã§ããã³ã°ã»ã³ã¿ãŒããšãã£ãªã³(ãããªé»å掲æ¬åº)ãå
µåº«çç«æ·¡è·¯å»çã»ã³ã¿ãŒ(å
µåº«çç«æ·¡è·¯ç
é¢ã移転)ãæŽ²æ¬åžæåäœè²é€šã掲æ¬å¥åº·çŠç¥é€šãã¿ãªãšéè¡æŽ²æ¬æ¯åºçãç«å°ããæŽ²æ¬åžæ°åºå ŽãšããŠæŽåããããšãªã¢ã«ç¹åšããæŽ²æ¬åžç«å³æžé€šã掲æ¬ã¢ã«ãã¶ã³ã¹ã¯ãšã¢ãæ·¡è·¯ãã¡ãã通ã埡é£åœãçã¯ãéæ·µçŽ¡çžŸæŽ²æ¬å·¥å Žã®è¿ä»£å»ºç¯ãåçããæœèšãšããŠæ³šç®ãããŠããã
èŸ²å®¶æžæ°ã¯8,775æžãçç£é¡ã¯369ååã1888幎ã«å
µåº«çã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ããã¿ããã®ã®çš®ãçŽèŒžå
¥ããŠèŸ²å®¶ã«é
åžããæ§è³éæã§ã®æ œå¹ããã£ããã«åéšãäžå¿ã«æ œå¹ãæ®åãäžå€§ããŸããç£å°ãšãªã£ããæå40幎代ããäžæ¯äœãè¡ãããŠãããæ°Žçš² - ã¬ã¿ã¹ - ã¬ã¿ã¹ã®äœä»ãã®å²åã42.6%ã§æãå€ããæ¬¡ãã§æ°Žçš² - ã¬ã¿ã¹ - ã¿ããã®ã25.7%ãšãªã£ãŠãã(2005幎)ã
äœä»é¢ç©
蟲çç£åã®çå
åºè·é¡æ¯çã®å€§ãããã®(2004幎床)
5tæªæºã®å°åè¹ãšé€æ®æŒæ¥ãäžå¿ã§ãçç£é¡ã¯153ååãæŒç²éã¯18,378t(2004幎)
幎éã®èгå
客æ°ã¯1,062äžäºº(2004幎)ãè±ããªèªç¶ãé£ã®å®åº«ã§ãããªã©ã芳å
è³æºã¯è±å¯ã§ãã(å€ãããæ·¡è·¯åœã¯é£ã®å®åº«ãšããŠç¥ããã埡é£åœãšããŠçå®€ã»æå»·ã«åŸ¡é£æãè²¢ãã ãšããã)ã
äžå®®äžåŠæ ¡ã»å²©å±äžåŠæ ¡ã»æŽ¥åäžåŠæ ¡ã»æ±æµŠäžåŠæ ¡ã»åæ·¡äžåŠæ ¡
掲æµäžåŠæ ¡ã»éé²äžåŠæ ¡ã»ç±è¯äžåŠæ ¡ã»å®ä¹äžåŠæ ¡ã»äºè²äžåŠæ ¡
åºç°äžåŠæ ¡
åæ·¡äžåŠæ ¡ã»äžåäžåŠæ ¡ã»è¥¿æ·¡äžåŠæ ¡ã»åæäžåŠæ ¡ã»æ²Œå³¶äžåŠæ ¡
æŽ¥åæ±å°åŠæ ¡ã»ç³å±å°åŠæ ¡ã»æµŠå°åŠæ ¡ã»å€§çºå°åŠæ ¡ã»åŠç¿å°åŠæ ¡ã»éå£å°åŠæ ¡ã»äžå®®å°åŠæ ¡ã»å¡©ç°å°åŠæ ¡ã»å¿çå°åŠæ ¡ã»å€è³å°åŠæ ¡ã»äžç°å°åŠæ ¡ã»åæ·¡å°åŠæ ¡
掲æ¬ç¬¬äžå°åŠæ ¡ã»æŽ²æ¬ç¬¬äºå°åŠæ ¡ã»æŽ²æ¬ç¬¬äžå°åŠæ ¡ã»å€§éå°åŠæ ¡ã»å èå°åŠæ ¡ã»äžå·åå°åŠæ ¡ã»å®ä¹å°åŠæ ¡ã»ç±è¯å°åŠæ ¡ã»éœå¿å°åŠæ ¡ã»é®åå°åŠæ ¡ã»é³¥é£Œå°åŠæ ¡ã»åºç³å°åŠæ ¡ã»å ºå°åŠæ ¡
åºç°å°åŠæ ¡
åžå°åŠæ ¡ã»æŠåå°åŠæ ¡ã»ç¥ä»£å°åŠæ ¡ã»äžåå¿ç¥å°åŠæ ¡ã»é¿äžå°åŠæ ¡ã»è³éå°åŠæ ¡ã»åé¿äžå°åŠæ ¡ã»æ¹å°åŠæ ¡ã»æŸåžå°åŠæ ¡ã»çŠè¯å°åŠæ ¡ã»èŸ°çŸå°åŠæ ¡ã»å
«æšå°åŠæ ¡ã»åæå°åŠæ ¡ã»è¥¿æ·¡å¿ç¥å°åŠæ ¡ã»æ²Œå³¶å°åŠæ ¡
åŸæ©ã§æ©ãæž¡ã£ãŠåºå
¥ãããããšã¯ã§ããªããããæ©è¡è
ã¯ãã¹ãã¿ã¯ã·ãŒããããã¯è¹è¶ãå©çšããå¿
èŠãããã
æ¬å·ãšååœãçµã¶ç¥æžæ·¡è·¯é³Žéèªåè»éãæ·¡è·¯å³¶ã瞊æããŠãããåã¯æç³æµ·å³¡å€§æ©ã§æ¬å·ã«ãåã¯å€§é³Žéæ©ã§ååœã«é£çµ¡ããŠãããæ¬å·(ç¹ã«äº¬éªç¥)ãšååœãçµã¶é«éãã¹ã倿°èšå®ãããŠãããæ·¡è·¯å³¶å端éšã«ããæ·¡è·¯SAããã³é£æ¥ããæ·¡è·¯ãã€ãŠã§ã€ãªã¢ã·ã¹ã¯èŠ³èŠ§è»ã屿å°ã䜵èšãããå€§èŠæš¡ãªäŒæ©æœèšã§ãããæ·¡è·¯å³¶ã®æ°ããªèгå
ã¹ããããšãªã£ãŠãããæç³æµ·å³¡å€§æ©ãšå€§é³Žéæ©ã¯ããããèªåè»å°çšéè·¯ã§ãããããåŸæ©ã»è»œè»äž¡ã»åä»ã»å°åèªåäºèŒªã»ããã«ãŒããããéè¡ã§ããªãã
ã¿ã¯ã·ãŒãå©çšããå Žåã¯éè»æã¿ã¯ã·ãŒã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã«è¡šç€ºãããæéã®ä»ã«ç¥æžæ·¡è·¯é³Žéèªåè»éã®éè¡æãåŸåŸ©åæ¯æãå¿
èŠãããã
æ¬å·ã»ååœ - 淡路島éã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®äŒç€Ÿã«ãã£ãŠé«éãã¹ãéè¡ãããŠãããå瀟ãšãæç³æµ·å³¡å€§æ©çµç±(æ¬å· - 淡路島é)ã§å©çšå¯èœãå€§é³Žéæ©çµç±ã¯æ·¡è·¯äº€é(淡路島 - 埳島çé)ãšããããã¹(淡路島 - éŠå·çé)ã®ã¿å©çšå¯èœã
2010幎11æ15æ¥ãæåŸã«æç³æ·¡è·¯ãã§ãªãŒ(ãããã§ãªãŒ)ãäŒæ¢ããããšã«ãããæ·¡è·¯å³¶ãšå€éšãçµã¶èªè·¯ã¯çŽ7幎éã«ãããæç³æž¯ - 岩屿ž¯éã®é«éè¹ãæ·¡è·¯ãžã§ããã©ã€ã³ãã®ã¿ãšãªã£ããæ·¡è·¯ãžã§ããã©ã€ã³ã«èŒããããšãã§ããè»äž¡ã¯èªè»¢è»ã®ã¿ã§ãããããèªè»¢è»ãé€ã軜è»äž¡ã»åä»ã»å°åèªåäºèŒªè»ã»ããã«ãŒãèªèµ°ã§æ·¡è·¯å³¶ãžåºå
¥ãããææ®µã¯ãªããªã£ãŠããããæ©ãéè¡äžèœã«ãªã£ãå Žåãåä»ã125cc以äžã®å°åèªåäºèŒªè»ã®éè¡ææ®µã確ä¿ãããããå
µåº«çãæç³åžã掲æ¬åžãåãããåžãæ·¡è·¯åžã§ã€ãããæç³æµ·å³¡æµ·äžäº€éã«é¢ããåè°äŒãã§åœããã®è£å©ãåãæ·¡è·¯åžãæ°é è¹ããŸããã»ãããããå°å
¥ããããšã決ãŸããæ·¡è·¯ãžã§ããã©ã€ã³ã«éèªãå§èšãã圢ã§2015幎8æ2æ¥ããå°±èªãå幎9æ23æ¥ããåä»ã»å°åèªåäºèŒªè»ã®èªéãéå§ããã2017幎7æ9æ¥ãã2018幎7æ13æ¥ãŸã§é¢è¥¿åœé空枯 - æŽ²æ¬æž¯éã«ãæ·¡è·¯é¢ç©ºã©ã€ã³ããå°±èªããŠããã
ååœæ°å¹¹ç·ã¯æ·¡è·¯å³¶ãçµç±ããŠèµ°ãããèšç»ã§ãããã建èšèšç»ã¯å
·äœåããŠãªããå€§é³Žéæ©ã¯æ°å¹¹ç·èµ°è¡ãåæã«éééè·¯äœµçšæ©ãšããŠå»ºèšããããã®ã®ãåœåã®ååœæ°å¹¹ç·æ§æ³ãçµç±ãäºå®ããæç³æµ·å³¡å€§æ©ã¯éè·¯å°çšæ©ãšããŠå»ºèšãããã2020幎代æç¹ã®ååœæ°å¹¹ç·æ§æ³ã§ã¯ä»£æ¿ãšããŠçŽæ·¡ãã³ãã«ãçµç±ããåæã§ãããã建èšä¿é²éåã§ãååœå³¶å
ãšå€§éªãçµã¶åºéã®åªå
é äœã¯äœããšãããŠãããå®çŸããã®ã¯äžèšã®æ·¡è·¯ééã®ã¿ã§ããã
è·¯ç·ã¯æ·¡è·¯å³¶ãæ±è¥¿ã«æšªæããåœ¢ã§æ·èšããããæ¥æ¬ã®åæµ·éã»æ¬å·ã»ä¹å·ã»ååœã®äž»èŠãªåå³¶ãã®ãããå³¶ã«ãããééè·¯ç·ã¯ã(äžå·ãªã©åå³¶ããçŽéãããã®ãã®ãããŠ)ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã¯ãã®æ·¡è·¯å³¶ã®ã¿ã§ãã£ã(掲æ¬é§
ã®é§
èããã¹ã¿ãŒããã«ãšããŠå©çšããããªã©ãä»ãªãåœæã®é¢åœ±ãæ®ã)ããã®ã»ããå²©å± - å¿ç - 掲æ¬ãå¿ç - æ±äºãçµã¶æ·¡è·¯å¿«é亀éèšç»ãååšããããåèšã®æ·¡è·¯äº€éã®åºéãå«ã圢ã§ã®ãæ¬åæ·¡è·¯ç·ã(é 磚 - 淡路島 - 鳎é)ãééæ·èšæ³å¥è¡šã«æ²èŒããã(å
µåº«çé 磚éè¿ãšãªæ·¡è·¯åœå²©å±éè¿ãè³ã«éé åçŠè¯ãšãªåŸ³å³¶ç鳎ééè¿ãè³ã«ééã»æ·¡è·¯åœå²©å±ãšãªæŽ²æ¬ã²çµãçŠè¯ãè³ã«éé)ãããæ¬åæ·¡è·¯ç·ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ååœæ°å¹¹ç·ã«èšç»ãåžåãããã
â»çºè¡šå¹Žé
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E8%B7%AF%E5%B3%B6
|
6,121 |
倧äžå³¶
|
倧äžå³¶(ããã¿ããŸ)ã¯ãæåªç仿²»åžã«å±ããèžäºè«žå³¶ã®äžã®1ã€ã®æäººå³¶ãæåªçã®æåã«äœçœ®ããåçã«å±ããå³¶ã®äžã§ã¯æå€§ã§ããã倧山ç¥ç¥ç€Ÿããããç¥ã®å³¶ããšããŠç¥ãããŠããã
äŒäºåœé¢šåèš(éžæ)ã«ã¯ã埡å¶ããšããŠçŸããããäžæ¹ãã倧äžå³¶ãã®åã¯å€ãã¯éåæä»£ã®æç®ã«èŠããããããã¯å³¶å
ã«ãã倧山ç¥ç¥ç€Ÿ(äžäžã¯äžå¶å€§æç¥ãŸãã¯äžå¶ç€Ÿã倧äžå³¶å®®ãªã©)ã®ããšã§ãããæ±æžæã«ã¯å³¶åãšåŸã
ã«åºå¥ãããªããªã£ãŠãã£ããã
2020幎ã®ç¬¬21ååœå¢èª¿æ»æç¹ã§4,963人ã
éçãé«éœ¢åã«ããäººå£æžå°ãæ¿ããããè¿å¹Žã¯ç§»äœè
ãå¢å ããŠããã2021幎ã«ã¯å³¶å€ãã80人ã®ç§»äœè
ããã£ããå®äœçãé«ããšããã
åœå®ã®å³¶ãšããŠç¥ããããç¥ã®å³¶ãšããŠéé¡ãæ¡ãããšã¯é·ããçŠå¿ãšãããŠããããšãããæŒæ¥ã¯çãã§ã¯ãªãã
å€ãã¯å
¥ãæ±ã®äžåž¯ã«å€§å±±ç¥ç¥ç€Ÿã®ç€Ÿæ®¿ãå¶ãŸããŠããã
14äžçŽã«ç¢ºç«ããååœå
«åå
«ã¶æã®æ¬ææãšããŠç¬æžå
æµ·ããã³ååœå°æ¹ã§å®®å³¶ãšäžŠã³éçããŠãã倧山ç©ç¥ç€Ÿ(倧山ç¥ç¥ç€Ÿ)ãéžã°ããæ¬åŒã®éè·¯ã¯ãäž¡æ¹ã®åæå¯º(53çªææãš54çªææ)ãååœåŽã®ãããç«(åãæãã)ãšããŠå€§äžå³¶ã«æž¡ã£ãŠãããšã¿ãããã
æŸå±±è©é ãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãã倧山ç¥ç¥ç€Ÿã®éåçºãšããŠå®®æµŠãçºå±ããŠããã
æåªç仿²»åžã«æå±ããã2005幎1æ16æ¥ã«ä»æ²»åžãªã©ãšã®å¹³æã®å€§å䜵ã«ããæ°èšå䜵ã«ããæ°ã»ä»æ²»åžã®äžéšãšãªã£ãããããŸã§ã¯å³¶ã®è¥¿ååã倧äžå³¶çºãæ±ååãäžæµŠçºã®2çºã«è¡æ¿åºåãåãããŠããã
倧山ç¥ç¥ç€Ÿã®ãã宮浊å°åºãå³¶ã®èгå
ã®äžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠãããä»è¿ã«ã¯æ
通ãåç£ç©åºã飲é£åºãæ°è»ãã€ç«å°ããèžäºè«žå³¶ã®äžã§ã¯çå£å³¶ã»ç¬æžç°ãšäžŠã¶äžå€§èгå
æ ç¹ãšãªã£ãŠãããåœã®ååã«æå®ãããŠããã
ããŸãªã¿æµ·éã®ééãšãšãã«å³¶ã®æ±éšã«ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã³ãžãã§ããããšãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã³ãžã®ããå€ã
çŸ
(ããã)å°åºã«ã¯å€ã
çŸ
ããŸãªã¿å
¬åãèžè¡äŒé€šãå€ã
çŸ
æž©æ³ãããŸãªã¿ããŒã ãªã©ã®èгå
é¢é£æœèšãæ§ã»äžæµŠçºã«ããæŽåãããŠããã
ãªãŸãŒãéçºæ§æ³ãè¯ãããªããé (ç·åä¿é€å°åæŽåæ³ãªã©åç
§)ã¯ããã²ãç¬æžå
ãªãŸãŒãéçºæ§æ³ãã®äžã€ã®éç¹æŽåå°åºãšããŠå€§æäŒæ¥ã«ãããªãŸãŒãéçºæ§æ³ãæã¡äžããããããããã«åŽ©å£ãšãšãã«å€§æäŒæ¥ã¯çšå°ååŸãéçºçæã®åã«äºå®äžéçºæ§æ³ãæå¿µã»æ€éããå°éãªåçµã¿ã«æ»ã£ãã
仿¥ã§ã¯ãå°åè³æºãçãããã°ãªãŒã³ããŒãªãºã ãä¿®åŠæ
è¡ã»å宿ã®èªèŽãªã©å°éãªèгå
æ¯èãè¡ãããŠããã
æ¥æ¬éºç£ã®36çªã"æ¥æ¬æå€§ã®æµ·è³"ã®æ¬æ å°:èžäºè«žå³¶-ãã¿ãããæäžæµ·è³"Murakami KAIZOKU"ã®èšæ¶-ãã®æ§æèŠçŽ 42ã®ãã¡5é
ç®ã倧äžå³¶ã«ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%B6
|
6,122 |
ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºF1
|
ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã°ã©ã³ããªã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°(è±: Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited)ã¯ã1977幎ããæŽ»åããŠããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãç¹ã«F1ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã»ããŒã ãšããŠã®æŽ»åãç¥ãããã
åµèšè
ã¯ããã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºããã³ãããªãã¯ã»ãããã2020幎ã«ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºå®¶ãçµå¶æš©ãææŸããçŸåšã¯ç±³åœã®æè³äŒç€Ÿãããªã«ãã³ã»ãã£ãã¿ã«ãããªãŒããŒãåããŠããã
1970幎代ã«èªçããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãšããŠã¯æãæåãåããéå»ã«ãã©ã€ããŒãºã¿ã€ãã«7åãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã¿ã€ãã«9å(2019幎æç¹)ãç²åŸããŠããããã§ã©ãŒãªããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãšäžŠã³ãF1ã代衚ããåéããŒã ã§ããã
ããŒã ãšããŠã¯ãé åºãªãšã³ãžãã¢éå£ããšè¡šçŸãããããšãããããã«ä¿å®çãªææ³ããšãããšãå€ããå®éã1980幎代ååã®è»äœãã¯ä¿å®çã§ãåææã®åªåçµéšã®ããããŒã ã®äžã§ã¯ã«ãŒãã³ãã¡ã€ããŒã¢ãã³ãã¯ã®å°å
¥ãã¿ãŒããšã³ãžã³ãžã®åãæ¿ãã¯åŸçºã®éšé¡ãšãªã£ããäžæ¹ã§ã¿ã€ãã«ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãšããŠãã€ãã³ããã³ãã¹ãã³ãºãšå¥çŽããŠããæä»£ã«ã¯ãå€ãã®ãã£ã¬ã³ãžãè¡ã£ãŠããããšã³ãžã³é¢ã§ã¯ã¿ãŒããšã³ãžã³ã§ã¯åœæF1ã®å®çžŸããªãã«çããã£ããã³ã補ãèªç¶åžæ°ãšã³ãžã³ã§ã¯F1ã§æ¡çšäŸããªãã£ãV10ã§èšèšãããã«ããŒè£œã®æ¡çšãªã©ã¯ãåœæãšããŠã¯ç°äŸã®æ±ºæã§ããã£ãããŸããã·ã£ã·ãŒé¢ã§ã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®æ¬¡ã«ã»ããªãŒããããã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ããã·ã§ã³ãæ¡çšããããŒã¿ã¹ãšåææã«ã¢ã¯ãã£ããµã¹ãã³ã·ã§ã³ã宿пå
¥ããããã倱æããã«ãããããããéçºãç¶ãã1992幎ã«ã¯å®æã®åã«éããŠæã®ã·ãŒãºã³ãå§åãåæã«ã«ããŒV10ã®æ¡çšããã£ããã«åŸã®ããŒã¿ã«ããã±ãŒãžã®æŠå¿µã®å
䟿ãšãªããªã©ã1990幎代ååã®éçºç«¶äºããªãŒããããä»ã«ãããã©ã€ããŒãšã®å¥çŽæã«æè¡ç¥èã«é¢ããçèšãã¹ããè¡ããŠããŒã¯ãªç¹åŸŽãããã
ããŒã å
ã«æç¢ºãªåºåãèšããããã£ã³ããªã³ã¯ç¬åã§åã¡åãããšããæ¹éã®ãããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããŠããã©ã€ããŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸã§ããªãã£ãå¹Žãæ°åããããŸããã©ã€ããŒã«å¯ŸããŠãã©ã€ãªæ
床ãåãäºãç®ç«ã¡ããã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸãããã©ã€ããŒãå¥çŽãæŽæ°ããã«ããŒã ãé¢è±ããããšããã£ã(åŸè¿°)ã
2020幎å€ãŸã§ã¯ããŒã æ ªåŒã®éåæ°ããªãŒããŒã®ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãææããŠãããããŒã é¢ä¿è
ã®ãããªãã¯ã»ãããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ç
é¢çµå¶è
ã§ãããã©ããã»ããªã³ã¬ãŒãšãã£ã人ç©ãå€§æ ªäž»ã«ååãé£ããŠããä»ãå
ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®ãšã°ãŒã¯ãã£ããã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã§çŸåšã¯ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹AMG F1ã®ããŒã 代衚ãåããããã»ãŽã©ã«ããæ ªäž»ã®1人ã§ãã£ãã
2020幎8æ21æ¥ã«ãã¬ã¹ãªãªãŒã¹ãçºè¡šã5æäžæ¬ã«å§ãŸã£ãæŠç¥çãªèŠçŽãã«ãã£ãŠå°ãåºãããçµè«ã«ãããããªã«ãã³ã»ãã£ãã¿ã«ã«è²·åãããããšãæããã«ãªã£ãããªããããªã«ãã³ã»ãã£ãã¿ã«ã«ããã°ä»åŸãããŒã åãšã·ã£ã·ãŒåã¯ä»ãŸã§éãâãŠã€ãªã¢ã ãºâãšâFWâã䜿ãç¶ãããšãããããŠã€ãªã¢ã ãºã®éºç£ãå°éããç¶æããããšã®éèŠæ§ãèªèããŠããããšããŠãã¡ã¯ããªãŒãå«ãããŒã æ¬ç€Ÿã®ã°ããŒãããã®ç§»è»¢ãèšç»ããŠããªãã9æ3æ¥ã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãçé ãšããåç· åœ¹ã解任ãããããªã«ãã³ã»ãã£ãã¿ã«ã®äŒé·ãã€ã±ã«ã»ãµããŒãžããæ°ãã«åç· åœ¹ã«å°±ä»»ããããšãçºè¡šããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºå®¶ã¯ããŒã çµå¶ããé¢è±ãããããã«ããå®¶æçµå¶ã®ãã©ã€ããŒã¿ãŒããŒã ãšããŠã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®æŽå²ã«çµæ¢ç¬Šãæãããããšã«ãªã£ãã
ãã¹ã³ãã§ã®æ¥æ¬èªã®è¡šèšã¯ãæããå°æåã䜿ããªãããŠã€ãªã¢ã ãºããå€ãã
1977幎ãèªãèãããã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã«ãŒãºãææŸãããã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯ããšã³ãžãã¢ã®ãããªãã¯ã»ããããšãšãã«æ°ããŒã ãèšç«ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã70%ããããã30%ãåºè³ãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã°ã©ã³ããªã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ããšããŠååºçºããããã®å¹Žã¯äžæçãªã€ãªããšããŠããŒãã»761ã賌å
¥ããŠåæŠããã
ããŒãã®ãã·ã³ã§åæŠãã1978幎ããã®ãã«åæŠã®äœå¶ãæŽããã¹ãããŒã ã¯å¥èµ°ããããã¯éšäžã®ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ããŒããŒãããŒã«ã»ãªãŒãã¬ã€ããã¹ã»ãã©ãŠã³ããææ®ããŠã匷åãªæè¡éšéãæ§ç¯ããã©ã³ã¯ã¯ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢èªç©ºã®åŸæŽãåãããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢äººãã©ã€ããŒã®ã¢ã©ã³ã»ãžã§ãŒã³ãºãšå¥çŽããç¬ç«ããããŒã ãšããŠãã«åæŠã§ããç°å¢ãæŽããããããŠã1978幎ãååºçºã®çŽç²ãªç¬¬äžå·ãšãªããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»FW06ãæã«ãã«åæŠãæãããããŒã ãšããŠã°ã©ãŠã³ãã»ãšãã§ã¯ãçè«ã®ç ç©¶ãæžãã§ããªãã£ãããšãè³éäžè¶³ããåãã·ã³ã¯ãããŠä¿å®çãªèšèšãåã£ãŠãããã第15æŠã®2äœè¡šåœ°å°ãå«ãèš3åå
¥è³ãèšé²ããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã©ã³ãã³ã°9äœãšãªã£ãã
1979幎ãããŒã ã¯ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢èªç©ºãã¢ã«ãã©ãããTAGãªã©è€æ°ã®ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢äŒæ¥ã®ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãç²åŸããé·å¹Žã®è³éé£ããè±ããããã®éããã©ã³ã¯ã¯å¶æ¥æŽ»åã§ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ã®ç宀é¢ä¿è
ã®ãªãã£ã¹ã«ãã·ã³ãéã³èŸŒã¿ãããã®ãã·ã³ã«ããªãæ¹ã®äŒæ¥åãä»ããŠèµ°ããŸãããšå£èª¬ãããšèšãããŠããããã®å¹Žã®ç¬¬5æŠããç ç©¶ãéããŠå®æãããFW07ãæå
¥ããããŠã第9æŠã€ã®ãªã¹GPã§ã¯ã¬ã€ã»ã¬ã¬ãã©ãŒããããŒã ååå©ãæããæ®ã6æŠã§ããã«4åãèšé²ããã
ãããŠã1980幎ã«ã¯åã®ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸãããšãšãã«ãã¢ã©ã³ã»ãžã§ãŒã³ãºããã©ã€ããŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ãžãšå°ããã
1981幎ã«ã¯ãžã§ãŒã³ãºãšã«ã«ãã¹ã»ãã€ããã³ã«ãã2幎é£ç¶ã®ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸãããã®ã®ãäž¡ãã©ã€ããŒéã®ç¢ºå·ãããŸã調æŽã§ããªãã£ãããšããããã©ãã ã®ãã«ãœã³ã»ãã±ã«æçµæŠã§ãã©ã€ããŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ã奪ãããŠããŸã£ãã
1982幎ã¯ã¿ãŒããšã³ãžã³å¢ã«éЬåã§å£ããã®ã®ãçæãããFW08ãé§ãã±ã±ã»ããºãã«ã°ãå
å®ã«ãã€ã³ããç©ã¿éããããã1åã§å¹Žéãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããããŸãããªã€ã4茪ã«ãã6茪è»ã®ãã¹ããç¶ããŠããããèŠå®å€æŽã«ãã宿Šã«ã¯æã¡åºããªãã£ãã
1983å¹Žã¯æ§ã·ã£ãŒã·çæåãšãªãFW08Cã§åæŠããåå©ã¯ããºãã«ã°ã«ããã¢ãã³GPã§ã®1åã®ã¿ã«çµããããå幎ã«ãšã³ãžã³ãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒãšããŠ15幎ã¶ãã«F1掻åãåéãããã³ããšäº€æžãéå§ãã6æã«ã¯å¥çŽç· çµã«æåã以åŸã¯V6ã¿ãŒããšã³ãžã³ãæèŒããæ°ã·ã£ãŒã·ã®éçºã«æ³šåã1983å¹Žã®æçµæŠã«ãŠFW09ãããã¥ãŒãããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãã¿ãŒããšã³ãžã³ã䜿ãã®ã¯ãããåããŠã ã£ãããšã«å ãããã³ããšã³ãžã³ã®çè²»ãéæž¡ç¹æ§ã®æªãããããããã«ã¯ãã®èœåãçºæ®ããããšã¯ã§ããªãã£ãããããªäžã1984幎ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«GP(ãã©ã¹)ã§é
·æã®ã¬ãŒã¹ããã¹ãã«ã°ãå¶ãããã³ããšã³ãžã³ãšããŠã¯17幎ã¶ããšãªãF1ã§ã®åå©ããã®ã«ããããã®1984幎ããããºãã«ã°ã仲ä»åœ¹ãšãªãæ°ãã«ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®å€§å£ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãšãªã£ãã€ã³ããªã¢ã«ã»ã±ãã«ã«ã»ã€ã³ãã¹ããªãŒãº(ICI)ã¯ã80幎代ãéããŠé·ããå圢ã®ããŽããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®ããã³ãããŒãºã«èŒãç¶ããããšãšãªã£ãã
1985幎ã«ã¯ãã€ãã³ãšã®ã¡ã€ã³ã¹ãã³ãµãŒå¥çŽãæç«ããžã£ãã¯ã»ã©ãã£ãŒã®ãªãžã§ç§»ç±ã決ãŸã£ãçºãã«ããŒã®ãã¬ãã¯ã»ã¯ãŒãŠã£ãã¯ã«ç²åŸãªãã¡ãŒãããããã«ããŒæ®çãæãã ã¯ãŒãŠã£ãã¯ã«æããããããããŒã¿ã¹ã§ããŒã¿ãŒã»ãŠã©ãŒãšäžä»²ãšãªãæŸåºããããã€ãžã§ã«ã»ãã³ã»ã«ãç²åŸãããºãã«ã°ãšã®ã³ã³ããšãªã£ããFW10ã¯ç¬¬5æŠãããã³ãã®æ°èšèšãšã³ãžã³ãRA165EããæèŒãããæ±ºåã¬ãŒã¹äžã®ã¿ã€ã€ç£šèã«èŠæŠããããã·ãŒãºã³çµç€ã«ã¯ãµã¹ãã³ã·ã§ã³ãæ¹åããã·ãŒãºã³æåŸã«3é£åã食ã£ããã¡ãªã¿ã«ãã³ã»ã«ã¯ãã®å£ç«ãšãªãå°å
ã€ã®ãªã¹ã§ã®ç¬¬14æŠãšãŒãããGPãF1ååªåãåºèµ°72æŠç®ã§åœæãšããŠã¯ããã¥ãŒåŸæãé
ãååªåã ã£ãããã³ãã»ã¿ãŒãã®åæéçºãæ¯ããããºãã«ã°ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãžã®ç§»ç±ã決ãŸãã4幎åšç±ãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãå»ã£ãã
1986幎ã2床ã®ã¯ãŒã«ããã£ã³ããªã³çµéšè
ã§ãããã«ãœã³ã»ãã±ãå å
¥ããã®æç¹ã§ãã³ã»ã«ã¯ãŸã å幎ã®1åã®ã¿ã§ããããã±ã¯å®å
šNo.1åŸ
éã§ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãšå¥çŽããããã³ããšã³ãžã³ãæŠåšã«9åãã3床ç®ã®ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã¿ã€ãã«ãç²åŸãããããããããŒã å
ã§ã¯ãã±æŽŸãšãã³ã»ã«æŽŸã®ãããããçããããã®èæ¯ã¯ãå¥çŽäžã§ã¯ãã±ãNo.1ãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠå å
¥ããã«ãããããããããã«åçºããããã«ããŒã ãèªåœãã©ã€ããŒã®ãã³ã»ã«ãåªéããäž¡ãã©ã€ããŒã®éºæªãªé¢ä¿ãæããããŸããããŒã ãªãŒããŒã®ãã©ã³ã¯ã亀éäºæ
ã«ããèæ€éªšæã®éå·ãè² ããäžå身麻çºãšãªãè»æ€
åã§ã®ç掻ãäœåãªãããããããã§ãè»æ€
åå§¿ã§ããŒã ã®ææ®ãå·ã£ããã宿çãªçé€ãå¿
èŠã§ãã£ãããããªãŒããŒãšããŠããŒã å
ã®æ··ä¹±ãåããäœè£ããªãã£ããããã«ããã©ã³ã¯ãå«ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºåŽããã³ã»ã«ãæ¯æããŠããã®ã«å¯Ÿãããšã³ãžã³ãäŸçµŠãããã³ãã¯ãã±ã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºå å
¥ãæšèŠããããšããã®æ¡ä»¶ãšããŠãã±ã®å¥çŽéãäžéšè² æ
ããŠããããšãããã±ãæ¯æããŠããããšããã®æ··ä¹±ã«æè»ããããããã±ã¯ãã®2幎åŸã«åããã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã«ãŠãå¥çŽããå幎åŸã«ã¯ããŒã ãšã®No.1åŸ
éã®çŽæã¯åæ
ã«ããç¶æ³ãé£ãããªã£ãããã³ã»ã«ã¯1986幎ã®ãã©ã³ãºãããã§åªåããŠããã®ç¿é±ã«ãã§ã©ãŒãªãããã³ã»ã«ãç²åŸããããšå£°ãããã£ãããããšãã©ã³ã¯(ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãº)ã¯ãæ¥ã«ãã³ã»ã«ã«å€ãã®ããšãçŽæããŠããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã«æ®ã£ãŠãããšæé¡ãããããããåã«ã¯å€ãã®è
¹ã®ç«ã€åºæ¥äºãèµ·ããå§ãããNo.1ã®ã¯ãã®åã¯ã¢ã¯ãã£ãã»ãµã¹ã®ãã¹ããã©ã€ããŒã«æãäžãã£ãŠããŸã£ãããµã¹éçºã®ãã¹ãèµ°è¡ãå
šãŠãã£ã¡ã«ããããŠãããäžäººã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã ãã«éäžããŠãŠè¯ããªããŠããšãæ¿æã§ããããããªããããšãã®å¹Žã®å
æ
ãè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ããããããŒã å
ã®æ··ä¹±ãçªãããæçµæŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPã§ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®ã¢ã©ã³ã»ããã¹ãã«ãã©ã€ããŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ããããããŠããŸã£ããæåŒ·ãšã³ãžã³ãæãããã£ã³ããªã³ææåããŒã ãšããã2人ãšããã©ã€ããŒãºã»ãã£ã³ããªã³ãéããçç±ãåããããã±ã¯ãNo.1ãäºäººããããããšãããŒã åã®åæ£ãçã£å
ã«æããã
1987幎ã¯ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºãé£èŠãããã±ããã³ã»ã«ãšã®æŠããå¶ããŠãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããããŸããããŒã¿ã¹ã«ç¶ããŠã¢ã¯ãã£ããµã¹ãã³ã·ã§ã³ã宿пå
¥ããã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã§åå©ããŠãããããããã³ã»ã«ãåªéããããŒã ãžã®äžæºãåã£ããã±ã¯ããŒã¿ã¹ãžã®ç§»ç±ã決å®ãããã«ãã³ãããã±ãšå
¥ãæ¿ããåœ¢ã§æ¥æ¬äººã§ããäžå¶æã®èµ·çšãæèšºããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºåŽããããæåŠãããªã©ãã³ããšã®é¢ä¿ãæ¥éã«æªåãããã³ãã¯äŸçµŠå
ãããŒã¿ã¹ãšãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®2ããŒã ã«å€æŽããŠãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãžã®ãšã³ãžã³äŸçµŠãå幎éãã§æã¡åãããšãçºè¡šãã³ãŒã¹äžã§ã¯æéãèªã£ããã®ã®ãçæéã«å€ãã®ãã®ã倱ãããå¹åããšãªã£ãã
ãã³ãã¿ãŒãã倱ã£ã1988幎ã¯ããã³ã¿ãŒãã®ãžã£ãããšã³ãžã³ãæèŒããFW12ã§åæŠããã³ã»ã«ã2å2äœãç²åŸãããã®ã®ããžã£ãããšã³ãžã³ã®ä¿¡é Œåäžè¶³ãã¢ã¯ãã£ããµã¹ã®çæäžè¶³ã«ããæçžŸã¯äœè¿·ãã·ãŒãºã³äžç€ã®ã€ã®ãªã¹GP以éã¯ããŒãã«ãµã¹ãã³ã·ã§ã³ã«æ»ã矜ç®ã«ãªãã1978幎ã·ãŒãºã³ä»¥æ¥ã®æªåå©ã«çµãã£ãããªãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºããžã£ããCVã®äŸçµŠãåããããå¿
èŠãšããè²»çšã¯ãã³ããè©ä»£ãããããå¥çŽæéã1幎æ©ãæã¡åã£ã穎åãã®äžéšã§ãã£ãã
ãã³ã»ã«ã¯ã·ãŒãºã³çµäºåŸãã§ã©ãŒãªãžç§»ç±ããã
1989幎ã«ã¿ãŒãçŠæ¢ã»NAçµ±äžãå°å
¥ããããšã«ããŒãšå¥çŽãããã·ã³ãšãšã³ãžã³ã®è±ä»å
±åéçºè·¯ç·ãæŽãããã«ããŒãšã³ãžã³ãšFW12ã·ã£ã·ãŒã®ãããã³ã°ãè¯ãããžã£ãããšã¯æ¯èŒã«ãªããªãçšã®æŠéåã«é«ãŸãããã³ã»ã«ã®åŸä»»ãšãªã£ããã£ãšãªãŒã»ããŒãã§ã³ãéšã®ã«ããGPã§åœæã®æé
ååªåèšé²ãšãã圢ã§åªåãã«ãããšåããéšã§ã®éå¬ã ã£ãæçµæŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPãããŒãã§ã³ãå¶ããã·ãŒãºã³2åãæããã
1990幎ã«ã¯ãªã«ã«ãã»ããã¬ãŒãŒããµã³ããªãGPã§ä¹
ã
ã®åªåãããããŒãã§ã³ããã³ã¬ãªãŒGPã§ããŒã«ã»ãã¥ã»ãŠã£ã³ãæããããã·ãŒãºã³éäžã«ã¯ã¬ã€ãã³ããŠã¹ã®äžèª¿ã®è²¬ä»»ãåããããåœ¢ã§æŸåºãããåè¡çãªç©ºåèšèšè
ãšã€ããªã¢ã³ã»ãã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€ãšããããŸäº€æžãå¥çŽã«æåãå
å®ãªæ§æ Œã®ããããšã®ç°ãªãåæ§ãèåããFW14ãçã¿åºãããã
ãã³ã»ã«ã3幎ã¶ãã«ããŒã 埩垰ãã1991幎ããã¥ãŒãã·ã³FW14ã¯é广ŠããéããèŠããããã·ãŒãºã³ååã¯ã»ããªãŒããããã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ããã·ã§ã³ã®ãã©ãã«ãå€çºããã®åŸãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãæ¥è¿œããããããŒã ã®ãããã§ã®ãã¹ãªã©ããããã¿ã€ãã«ãéããã
1992幎ã¯ã¢ã¯ãã£ããµã¹ãã³ã·ã§ã³ããã©ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãæèŒãããã€ãã¯ãã·ã³ãFW14Bãä»ããŒã ãå§åããéãã§éå¹ãã1-2ãã£ããã·ã¥ã§ã®é£åãéãããèš10åãæãããã³ã»ã«ã®ã¯ãŒã«ããã£ã³ããªã³ãšå
±ã«ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã¿ã€ãã«ãç²åŸããããããããã³ã»ã«ã¯ããŒã ãšã®å¥ç޿޿°ãå·¡ãé¢ä¿æªåããçªåŠF1åŒéã衚æ(åŸã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®CARTãžè»¢å)ã5幎åšç±ããããã¬ãŒãŒãããŒã ã®æ¹éã«å¯ŸããŠå«æ°ãå·®ãããããã³ãžç§»ç±ããã
1993幎ã¯FW14Bã®æ£åžžé²å圢ã§ããFW15Cãæå
¥ã1幎éã®äŒé€ãã埩垰ããã¢ã©ã³ã»ããã¹ããšããã¹ããã©ã€ããŒããææ Œãããã€ã¢ã³ã»ãã«ãã³ã³ããçµãã ãå幎ãã£ã³ããªã³äžåšã®ããã«ãŒãã³ããŒã¯"0"ãš"2"ãšãªãããããã¹ãã¯ãã©ã³ã¹èªã§ç¡èœã瀺åãã"0"ã§ã¯ãªã"2"ãéžãã ãããã¹ãã¯4床ç®ã®ã¿ã€ãã«ç²åŸãæåŸã«çŸåœ¹ãåŒéãããã«ã¯åŸåæŠã«ãããŠååªåããµãã3åãæããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯1992幎ãã1993幎ã«ãããŠ24æŠé£ç¶ããŒã«ããžã·ã§ã³ãšããèšé²ãæ®ããF1ãã·ã³ã®é»åå¶åŸ¡ã®é²åãçœåŒããããã®ã·ãŒãºã³ãæã£ãŠã¡ã€ã³ã¹ãã³ãµãŒã ã£ããã€ãã³ãããã³ãã£ã¡ã«ãšã®é¢ä¿ãçµäºã1985幎ãã䜿ãããŠãããéã»é»ã»çœã»èµ€ãã®ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ãèŠçŽãã«ãªã£ãã
1994幎ã¯ãã¹ãã³ãºãæ°ãã«ã¡ã€ã³ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãšãªãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºå
¥ããç±æããŠããã¢ã€ã«ãã³ã»ã»ããå å
¥ãããã·ãŒãºã³éå¹åãããã®çµã¿åããã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ã¯æ±ºå®ããŠãããšããèšããããããã€ãã¯ããã€ã¹çŠæ¢ãåããŠãã¶ã€ã³ãããFW16ã¯æ¥µç«¯ã«äžå®å®ãªç¹æ§ããã¡ããããã³ã®ãããšã«ã»ã·ã¥ãŒãããã«éå¹é£åãèš±ããããã«ç¬¬3æŠãµã³ããªãGPã§ã¯ã»ããã¿ã³ãã¬ãã³ãŒããŒã®ã³ã³ã¯ãªãŒããŠã©ãŒã«ã«æ¿çªãåž°ãã¬äººãšãªã£ã(ãã®äºæ
以éããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®ãã·ã³ã«ã¯ã»ãã®SããŒã¯ãå»ãŸããŠãã)ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®æ€å¯ã¯éå€±èŽæ»ã®çãã§ããŒã éŠè³ãå蚎ãã以åŸ10幎以äžã«æž¡ãè£å€ãç¶ãããšã«ãªã(2005幎ã«å
šå¡ç¡çœªã確å®)ãã»ãã®åŸä»»ã«ã¯ãã¹ããã©ã€ããŒã®ããããã»ã¯ã«ãµãŒããææ ŒããããCARTã®åéãçž«ã£ãŠãã³ã»ã«ãã¹ãããåæŠãããçªåŠãšããŠãšãŒã¹ã®é責ãè² ãããšã«ãªã£ããã«ã¯ãã·ã¥ãŒããããå€±æ Œãåºå Žåæ¢ãšãªãéã«ãã€ã³ãå·®ãçž®ããæçµæŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPã§ã®çŽæ¥å¯Ÿæ±ºã«æã¡èŸŒãã ããã·ã¥ãŒããããšã®æ¥è§Šã«ããæ¶ãåãã (ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã¯3é£èŠéæ)ã
1995幎ã¯ãããã³ãã«ããŒãšã³ãžã³ãç²åŸããåãšã³ãžã³ã§ã®å¯Ÿæ±ºã泚ç®ããããäºéžã®éãã«ãããŠã¯ãããã³ãäžåã£ãŠããããã·ã¥ãŒããããšãã¹ã»ãã©ãŠã³ã®äœæŠã«ç¿»åŒãããããããŒã ããã©ã€ããŒã®ãã¹ãFW17ã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ã«é£ããã£ãããšãªã©ãçœããããããã³ãšã·ã¥ãŒãããã«ããã«ã¿ã€ãã«ã奪ãããçµæã«çµããããã«ã¯ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯åã€çºãªãææ®µãéžã°ãªãããŒã ã§ã¯ãªãã£ããããããã³ã¯å®è³ªçã«ãããšã«ã»ã·ã¥ãŒããããŒã®ã¯ã³ãã³ããŒã ã ããã圌ã培åºçã«ããŒã¯ããã°åœç¶åæ©ã¯å¢ããã§ããŠã€ãªã¢ã ãºã¯ããèšãæŠãæ¹ãéžã°ãªãçæãæã£ãŠããããšåœæãèªã£ãŠããããŸããã®å¹Žã以ã£ãŠã1978幎以æ¥ã®ãã£ãã³ããããã°ããŒãã«æ¬æ ã移転ããŠããã
1996幎ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã«ç§»ç±ããã¯ã«ãµãŒãã«ä»£ãããCARTãã£ã³ããªã³ã®ãžã£ãã¯ã»ãŽã£ã«ããŒãŽãå å
¥ãããã«ãšäºäžãã©ã€ããŒã³ã³ããçµãããŽã£ã«ããŒãŽã¯ããã¥ãŒæŠããããŒã«ããžã·ã§ã³ãç²åŸããããåªåãšèšã黿çããã¥ãŒã食ããFW18ã16æŠ12åãæããã»ã©ä»ããŒã ãå§åããæŠéåãèªã£ãããšãããããã£ã³ããªã³äºãã¯ãã«ãšãŽã£ã«ããŒãŽã®äžéšæã¡ãšãªããæçµæŠæ¥æ¬GPã§ãã«ã¯å²äžåã®èŠªåäºä»£ãã£ã³ããªã³ã決å®ãããå¥çŽå»¶é·äº€æžã決è£ããã³ã»ã«åæ§ã«ãã£ã³ããªã³ãããŒã ãå»ãããšã«ãªã£ãããããŠãã®äžä»¶ããã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€ã®å ªå¿è¢ã®ç·ãåããæåŸã®äžæŒããšãªã£ãŠããŸã(ããã«é¢ããäºåã®çžè«ããªãã£ã)ãåŸè¿°ã®çç±ãããããã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãžã®ç§»ç±ã決æããããšãšãªã£ãã
ãã®ãã«ã®è§£éåã«ã€ããŠããŸãèªãããŠããããæ¬äººãåœæã¯ãã®ä»¶ã«ã€ããŠèªããããªããšæ²é»ããåŸå¹Žã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ããã€ãèªã£ããã®ã®ã詳现ã¯äžæã§ãããããã«é¢ããŠæžãããåœæã®èšäºã®å
容ã§ã¯ãå¥çŽéã®äº€æžãè¡ãããŠããªãããšãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯ãã«ã®æŸåºãå
å®ããŠããå¯èœæ§ãããããã«ã倧ããè²æ©ããªããšæ®çã¯é£ããèããããåœæã®ã¹ããŒããªãŒã°ã®åã§ããã«ã1997幎ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºæ®çã§ãããæªãããšããèŠè§£ãå ããŠããããŸãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºããèŠãã°ã1994幎ãš1995幎ã¯ãã«ããã©ã€ããŒãºã¿ã€ãã«ç²åŸã®å¯èœæ§ããã£ãã«ããããããããããšã«ã»ã·ã¥ãŒãããã«æããçµæã«ãªã£ãããšããä»å¹ŽåºŠã§èŠåããã€ããããšã«ãããšããèŠæ¹ããã£ããä»ã«ããã¬ã³ãã§ã³ã®èµ·çšã«é¢ããŠã¯ãããžãã¬ãã®1996幎ã®F1ç·éç·šã«ãŠå°æ¥ã®ãšã³ãžã³ç²åŸã«æå©ãªãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠãã¬ã³ãã§ã³ãèµ·çšãããšãããã©ã³ã¯ã®ã³ã¡ã³ãããã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§èªããããããã§ããããŸããå°éèªã®èå¯ãšããŠã1994幎ã«ã»ããããŒã ã«å¯Ÿãã1995幎ã®ãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠãã¬ã³ãã§ã³ã®èµ·çšãææ¡ããŠãããšããåããããããŒã ã¯ãããããã«ããŠå®çŸããããšãéžãã ãšãã解説ãããŠãã(1996幎æç¹ã§ã¯äžé£ã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®åãããBMWãå°æ¥çã«åæŠããã®ã§ã¯ãšããå話ã«ãšã©ãŸã£ãŠãããBMWããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãšãšã³ãžã³äŸçµŠã®å¥çŽç· çµãšãã®æéã2000幎ããã®é·æå¥çŽã§ããããšãçºè¡šãããã®ã¯1997幎9æã«ãªã£ãŠããã§ãã)ã
ãã®ææã®åºæ¥äºã«ã€ããŠåŸå¹Žã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ããã€ãèªãããŠããããã«ã«é¢ããŠã¯ã1997幎ã®å¥çŽããªãããšã«ã€ããŠããŒã ãã詳现ãªèª¬æã¯ãªãã£ããšèªãããã«èªèº«ã¯å¥çŽéã«é¢ããŠã¯åŒè·å£«ã«ä»»ããŠãããããå¥çŽéã«é¢ããåé¡ã«é¢ããŠã¯èªèº«ã®é¢ãã£ãŠããªãã£ããšã³ã¡ã³ãããããããã®å¹Ž(1996幎)ã®å¥œæçžŸã¯(ãã«ãæŸåºããäºå®ã§ãã£ã)ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºåŽã«ãšã£ãŠã¯äºæ³å€ã§è¡ãè©°ãŸã£ãŠããŸã£ãã®ã ãããšèªã£ãŠããããã©ã³ã¯ã¯ããã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€ã®ããŒã ã®æ ªåŒä¿æã«é¢ããŠé£è²ã瀺ããããšãçµæçã«ãã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€é¢è±ãæãããšããŠèªåã®ãã¹ã ã£ããšãèªããŠããããã ãããã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€ã¯ããŒã åŽããã©ã€ããŒäººäºã«é¢ããçŽæãå®ããªãã£ãããšãæããŠããããã®èæ¯ã«ã¯1992幎ã®ããŒã ãšãã³ã»ã«ãå·¡ãäžé£ã®åºæ¥äºãåãããã以éã¯ãã©ã€ããŒã®éžæã«é¢ããŠèªåã®æèŠãåãå
¥ããããšãæ¡ä»¶ã«å¥çŽãå»¶é·ããŠããããããã1996幎ã®ãã©ã€ããŒéžæã§ããã¹ãèµ°è¡ã®çµæã§èŠåãã¯ãã ã£ããŽã£ã«ããŒãŽãèµ·çšããããã«ãå人çã«èŠªããã£ããã«ãæŸåºããŠ1997幎ã¯ãã¬ã³ãã§ã³ãç²åŸãããšäºåŸå ±åãããããããã®ããæ¹ã«å«æ°ããããããŒã ã«ãã以äžçãŸããªãããšã決æããããããªææã«ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãšã³ãžã³ã®éçºãæ
åœããã€ã«ã¢ã¢ã®ä»£è¡šè
ããªãªã»ã€ãªãšã³(ããŒãæä»£ã®å人)ãããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãšã³ãžã³ãæèŒãããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãžã®å å
¥ãèªãããããšèªã£ãŠãããäžæ¹ã§ãããã¯ãã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€ããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ä»£è¡šã®ãã³ã»ããã¹ãšäº€æžããŠããããšã瀺åããæžé¡ãå¶ç¶ç®ã«ãããã®äº€æžå
容ã¯ããŒã ãå¿ããããªãå
容ã§ããããšã倿ãããã§åã°è«Šãããšèªã£ãŠããã
ã©ã®ãããªçµç·¯ããã£ããšããŠããåŸå¹Žãã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºèªèº«ãããã«æŸåºãããããã¯å€§ããªå€±æã ã£ããªããšèªããã»ã©ã§ãããFW19ã§ã®æŽ»èºãæåŸã«BMWã®ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ãšã³ãžã³ãåŸããŸã§äžæŠããŒã ã¯äœè¿·æã«å
¥ãããšãšãªãã
ç¿1997幎ã¯ãã«ã«æ¿ãããã€ã³ãã»ãã©ã«ãã»ãã¬ã³ãã§ã³ãå å
¥ãã ãããã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€ã¯æåŸã®ä»äºãšããŠFW19ã®å®æã確èªãããšããã§ãã以éã®éçºäœæ¥ã«é¢äžããªããšããŠåºç€ŸãæåŠããã®ãããããŒã ãšã®éã§æ³å»·éäºã«ãŸã§çºå±ãããŒã å
ã®æ··ä¹±ã¯ãã£ãããFW19ãäŸç¶åªäœãšããã®ã倧æ¹ã®äºæ³ã§ãã£ãããšãããããã«ããã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€ãšãã£ããã·ã³ã«ç²Ÿéãã人æã«äžæçã«ç©ŽãéããŠããŸã£ãããšã«ããããã·ã³ã®ã»ããã£ã³ã°ã«èŠæ
®ããããŒã ã®æŠç¥ãã¹ãªã©ããã£ãŠããŽã£ã«ããŒããšãã§ã©ãŒãªã®ã·ã¥ãŒãããã®æ¿ããã¿ã€ãã«äºããšãªã£ããæçµæŠãšãŒãããGPã®çŽæ¥å¯Ÿæ±ºã§ã¯ãã·ã¥ãŒããããšã®æ¥è§Šãä¹ãåã£ããŽã£ã«ããŒãŽããã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã¿ã€ãã«ãå¶ããããã®ã·ãŒãºã³æ«ããã£ãŠã«ããŒã¯äºå®éãF1ããæ€éã9幎éã«æž¡ãèæé¢ä¿ã«ããªãªããæãããã
1998幎ã¯ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãã©ã³ãããã¹ãã³ãºãããŠã£ã³ãã£ãŒã«ãã«å€æŽãããFW20ã¯åããŒã ã§ã¯çããèµ€ããã·ã³ã«ã©ãŒãšãªã£ãã1997幎9æã«ã¯2000幎ããBMWã®ãšã³ãžã³äŸçµŠå¥çŽãç· çµãããããšãæ£åŒçºè¡šãããŠããããã®éã®ç©ºçœæéã¯å
ã
ã«ã¹ã¿ããŒä»æ§ã®ã«ããŒãšã³ãžã³ã®äŸçµŠãè«ãè² ã£ãŠããã¡ã«ã¯ããŒã ã§åæŠããããšãšãªããã«ããŒãšã³ãžã³ãšããç¹ã§ã¯å€ãããªãã£ããããã®å
容ã¯å幎ã®ã«ããŒRS9(1997幎å)ãæ¹ä¿®ããã«ã¹ã¿ããŒäŸçµŠã§ãã£ãããã®ããããã¥ãŒãŠã§ã€ãå»ã£ãããšãããããã·ã³éçºã«ãããã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³å€æŽã®å¯Ÿå¿ã«åŸæã«åããã·ã£ã·ãŒã®æŠéåäžè¶³ã«æ©ãã ãæçµçã«ã¯ããŒã ãšããŠã¯1988幎以æ¥ã®æªåå©ã«çµãããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã©ã³ãã³ã°ãã3äœã確ä¿ãããã®ã®ãç§»ç±ãããã«ã第13æŠãã«ã®ãŒGPã§ååå©ããã¬ãŒã³ããããžã§ãŒãã³ã»ã°ã©ã³ããªã«èèãããŠããŸã£ããã·ãŒãºã³çµäºåŸã«ã¯ãŽã£ã«ããŒãŽãšãã¬ã³ãã§ã³ã¯æã£ãŠããŒã ãé¢è±ããã
1999幎ã¯ãšã³ãžã³åãã¹ãŒããŒããã¯(äŸçµŠã¯ã¡ã«ã¯ããŒã )ãšãã5幎ã¶ãã®F1埩垰ãšãªãCARTãã£ã³ããªã³ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããã»ã¶ãã«ãã£ãšãã¬ã³ãã§ã³ãšå
¥ãæ¿ããã§ãžã§ãŒãã³ããå å
¥ããã©ã«ãã»ã·ã¥ãŒãããã®ã©ã€ã³ããããšãªã£ãããã¿ã€ãã«äºãã©ãããã¬ãŒã¹ã§ã®åªåäºããããé ããã£ãã鳎ãç©å
¥ãã§å å
¥ããã¶ãã«ãã£ã¯ç²Ÿåœ©ãæ¬ ãã第13æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã§äºéž4äœãç²åŸããããšä»¥å€ã¯æ¯ããããçµæçã«1ãã€ã³ããç²åŸã§ããªãã£ããã·ã¥ãŒãããã第14æŠãšãŒãããGPã§äžæéŠäœãèµ°è¡ãããªã©å¥éã¯èŠãããã®ã®ãåªåäºãã«ã¯çµ¡ããªãã£ããçµå±ãã®å¹Žã¯ãžã§ãŒãã³ãšã¹ãã¥ã¯ãŒãã«æããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãº5äœã«çµããã1988幎以æ¥11幎ã¶ãã«ããã4é¥èœã®å±èŸ±ãå³ãã£ãã
çºè¡šãããéãããã³ããã«ããŒã«ç¶ãããŒãããŒãšããŠãF1ã«åŸ©åž°ããBMWãšææºãã«ã»ãã³24æéã¬ãŒã¹ã§ã®å
±åãããžã§ã¯ããçµãŠã2000幎ãã2004幎ãŸã§ã®é·æå¥çŽãç· çµãããç»é²åã¯BMWãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºF1 (BMW Williams F1) ãšãªãããã·ã³ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ãBMWã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ã®çœãšçŽºãåºèª¿ãšãããã®ã«å€ãã£ãã2000幎ã¯ã·ã¥ãŒããããšããã¹ãã§ææ¢ããæ°äººãžã§ã³ãœã³ã»ããã³ã®ã³ã³ãã§æŠããã·ã¥ãŒããããé广Šãå«ã3åã®3äœè¡šåœ°å°ãç²åŸããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãº3äœãšãªã£ãã
2001幎ã«ã¯åãã埩垰ãããã·ã¥ã©ã³ã¿ã€ã€ãšçµã¿ãã¿ãã³ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãšã®é¢è±ã宣èšããæŽ»åãé²ãããã·ã¥ãŒããããååªåãå«ã3åãæããCARTããå å
¥ãããã¡ã³ã»ãããã»ã¢ã³ããŒã€ãååªåãããªã©ãæ°äœå¶2幎ç®ã§çµæã衚ãå§ããã2002幎ã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãªã«å§åãèš±ãããå
¬ç§°1äž9,000å転ã®BMWãã¯ãŒãæŠåšã«ã¢ã³ããŒã€ã5é£ç¶ãå«ã7ããŒã«ããžã·ã§ã³ãç²åŸãã¿ã€ãã«ãç²åŸãã1997å¹Žã«æ¬¡ãæçžŸãšãªãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãº2äœãç²åŸãæãããã
2003幎ã¯åºç€æŠã¯äœè¿·ããããFW25ã®æ¹è¯ãšãã·ã¥ã©ã³ãšã®ãããã³ã°ã«ããäžç€ä»¥é4å(ã·ã¥ãŒããã2ãã¢ã³ããŒã€2)ãæããæçµæŠãŸã§ãã§ã©ãŒãªãšã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã¿ã€ãã«ãäºããé äœããåå¹Žã«æºããäœçœ®ã§ãã£ããããã€ã³ãé¢ã§ã¯BMWãšã³ãžã³æä»£ãšããŠæé«ã®æçžŸãèšé²ãã1997å¹Žä»¥æ¥æãäž¡ã¿ã€ãã«ã«è¿ã¥ãã幎ãšãªã£ãããŸãã奜調ã ã£ãããšã«ããBMWãšã®é¢ä¿æ§ã極ããŠè¯ããã·ãŒãºã³äžã®6æã«ã¯BMWãšã®ãšã³ãžã³äŸçµŠå¥çŽã2009幎ãŸã§å»¶é·ãããããšãçºè¡šãããã
ãã®å¹ŽãæåŸã«ãããªãã¯ã»ãããããã¯ãã«ã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãéããåŸä»»ã«ãµã ã»ãã€ã±ã«ã就任ããæ°äœå¶ãšãªãç¿å¹Žãè¿ããç§»è¡æãšãªãããçµæçã«ãã®2003幎ãæåŸã«ã¿ã€ãã«äºãã«é¢ããããšããªããªããããŒã ã®åèœã衚é¢åããŠããããšãšãªãã
2004幎ã¯ãµã ã»ãã€ã±ã«ãTDãšããŠæãæ°äœå¶ã§ãã£ãããFW26ã®ç¹ç°ãªãã€ããŒãº(éç§°ãã»ã€ãŠãããŒãºã)ã倱æããæçµæŠãã©ãžã«GPã§ã®ã¢ã³ããŒã€ã®1åã«çãŸã£ãããã®å¹Žããã£ãŠã¢ã³ããŒã€ãšã·ã¥ãŒãããã¯äž¡åæã£ãŠããŒã ãé¢è±ãã¢ã³ããŒã€ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãã·ã¥ãŒãããã¯ããšã¿ã«ç§»ç±ããããã®ãã¡ãã·ã¥ãŒãããã¯åŸå¹Žã«ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºæä»£ã«ã€ããŠãæè¡ã¬ãã«ã«ã€ããŠã¯çŽ æŽãããã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ããŒã ã ãšæãããšæãããå
¥ããäžã§ãããã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã«ããããŒã ã®ç®¡çæ¹æ³ã¯ãåžžã«äžãã匷ããã¬ãã·ã£ãŒãããããã®ã ã£ããããã®ããŒã ã®ãããŒãžã¡ã³ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã«ã¯ééã£ãŠããããšããããå€ãã£ãããš6幎åšç±ããããŒã ã®å
æ
ãæ¹å€çã«è¿°ã¹ãŠããã
2005幎ã·ãŒãºã³ã¯ãã©ã€ããŒãäžæ°ããŠããŒã¯ã»ãŠã§ããŒãšããã¯ã»ãã€ããã§ã«ããå å
¥ããããå幎æ¥ã®ã·ã£ã·ãŒèšèš(ç¹ã«ç©ºåéšé)ã®å€±æã«ãã2000幎以æ¥ã®æªåå©ã1999幎以æ¥ã®ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºé äœããã4ããã®é¥èœ(5äœ)ãšããäžæ¬æãªã·ãŒãºã³ã«çµãã£ããæçžŸã®äœè¿·ãšããŒã éå¶ãžã®æ¹éãå·¡ã£ãŠBMWãšã®é¢ä¿ã¯æªåãBMWã¯ã¶ãŠããŒãè²·åããŠã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãšããŠåæŠããããšã決æããããšããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãšã®é·æå¥çŽã¯2005幎éãã§æã¡åããšãªããçµæçã«ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ãšã³ãžã³ãšããŠäŸçµŠãããæåŸã®ã·ãŒãºã³ãšãªã£ãããŸãããã®2å¹Žã«æž¡ãBã»Aã»Rãšã®éã§äºããããžã§ã³ãœã³ã»ããã³ã®å¥çŽåé¡(éç§°ãããã³ã»ã²ãŒãã)ã¯ãããã³èªèº«ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã«å€é¡ã®éçŽéãæ¯æãBã»Aã»Rã«æ®çãããšããçµæ«ãšãªã£ãã
BMWãšã®é¢å¥åŸã¯ããšã¿ããã³ããšã®äº€æžãåãããããã©ããå®çŸã«ã¯è³ããªãã£ããV8ã»2400ccãšã³ãžã³ãžå€æŽãšãªã2006幎ã¯ã³ã¹ã¯ãŒã¹ãšå¥çŽããèªåè»ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹åãšããF1çã®æœ®æµã«éããããã«ãããã©ã€ããŒã¿ãŒããšããŠåæŠããããšãšãªã£ãããŸããã¿ã€ã€ã¡ãŒã«ãŒããã·ã¥ã©ã³ããããªãã¹ãã³ãžå€æŽãããããã©ã€ããŒã¯ãŠã§ããŒãæ®çããGP2å代ãã£ã³ããªã³ã§ããããã€ãŠãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããã±ã±ã»ããºãã«ã°ã®æ¯åã§ãããã³ã»ããºãã«ã°ãèµ·çšããã
é广Šã§ããºãã«ã°ãããã¥ãŒæŠã§ãã¡ã¹ãã¹ãã©ãããèšé²ãããªã©åºã ãã¯æªããªãã£ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã ã«ã¯é ãåã°ããã³ã¹ã¯ãŒã¹ãšã³ãžã³ãå
šãã®ä¿¡é Œæ§äžè¶³ã§ãªã¿ã€ã€ãå€ããçŸäœå¶ã«ãªã£ãŠä»¥æ¥ææªã®ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã©ã³ãã³ã°8äœã§ã·ãŒãºã³ãçµããã
2007幎ã«ã¯ããšã¿ãšå¥çŽãã2009幎ãŸã§ã«ã¹ã¿ããŒãšã³ãžã³ã®äŸçµŠãåããããšã«ãªã£ããAT&Tãã¡ã€ã³ã¹ãã³ãµãŒã«ãªããããŒã åã¯AT&TãŠã£ãªã¢ã 㺠(AT&T Williams) ãšãããããã©ã€ããŒã¯ããºãã«ã°ãæ®çãã3rdãã©ã€ããŒã®ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããŒã»ãŽã«ããã¬ãŒã¹ãã©ã€ããŒã«ææ ŒãããæçµæŠã®ãã©ãžã«GPã§ã¯ãŽã«ãã®F1åŒéãåããããšã¿ã»ã€ã³ã°ãã©ã€ããŒãºã»ããã°ã©ã åºèº«ã®äžå¶äžè²Ž(äžå¶æã®æ¯å)ãF1ããã¥ãŒããããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®å€±æ Œãã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã ã®å€±éã«äŒŽããæçµçã«ããšã¿ãäžåãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã©ã³ãã³ã°4äœãç²åŸããã
2008幎ã¯ããŒã åµèš30åšå¹Žã«ããããã·ãŒãºã³äžã«åºèµ°500å(ãã«ã³GP)ãæ±ºåã¬ãŒã¹50000åšå(ã¹ãã€ã³GP)ãéæããããã©ã€ããŒã¯3幎ç®ã®ããºãã«ã°ãšã¬ã®ã¥ã©ãŒã«ææ Œããäžå¶ãšããããã«ã»ãŽã£ã«ããŒãŽä»¥æ¥ã®äºäžã³ã³ããããºãã«ã°ã2床衚地å°ãç²åŸãããã®ã®å
¥è³ã®æ©äŒã¯å°ãªããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã©ã³ãã³ã°8äœã«åŸéããããŸãã2009幎ã«å°å
¥ãããKERSã®éçºãèŠè¶ããŠãªãŒãã¢ãŒãã£ãã»ãã€ããªããã»ãã¯ãŒç€Ÿã®æ ªåŒãå°æ°ååŸããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ãã€ããªããã»ãã¯ãŒãã«æ¹ç§°ããŠããŒã ãã¡ã¯ããªãŒã«ç§»è»¢ããã
2009幎ã¯å€§å¹
ãªã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³å€æŽããã£ãããã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ç©Žãçªãã2å±€ãã£ãã¥ãŒã¶ãæå
¥ãè°è«ã®çãšãªã£ããããããæçµçã«FIAããèš±å¯ãåºãããããä»ããŒã ãããã远éãã圢ãšãªã£ããã·ãŒãºã³åºç€ã¯2å±€ãã£ãã¥ãŒã¶ããããæçžŸãåºç€ã¯äžåãããšæãããããä¿¡é Œæ§ã®äžè¶³ãäžå¶ãããŒãã€ã³ãã«çµããäžèª¿ããããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã©ã³ãã³ã°7äœã«çµãã£ãŠãããä»ã·ãŒãºã³ããèŠçŽã§èªããããKERSã§ãã£ããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯å
šF1ããŒã ã®äžã§å¯äžãã©ã€ãã€ãŒã«åŒã®KERSãéçºããŠããããããã宿Šã«æå
¥ãããããšã¯ãªãã£ãã
ããšã¿ãšã®ãšã³ãžã³äŸçµŠå¥çŽã¯ããš1幎æ®ã£ãŠãããã2009幎10æ14æ¥ã«ã«ã¹ã¿ããŒäŸçµŠã®æã¡åããçºè¡šããã2009幎æ«ã«å¥çŽãååãããŠçµäºãã圢ãšãªã£ããããã«äŒŽãã2010幎ã«äœ¿çšãããšã³ãžã³ã¯ã³ã¹ã¯ãŒã¹ãšãªãäºãåŸæ¥çºè¡šãããã
2009幎12æã«ã¯ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®æ ªåŒãããã»ãŽã©ã«ãã«å°æ°å£²åŽããããšãçºè¡šãããã®ã¡ã«ãå£²åŽæ¯çãå
šäœã®10%ã§ããããã©ã³ã¯ã63%ããããã27%ãåŒãç¶ãææããŠããããšãæããã«ãããã
10幎ã»ã©ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãåããã¢ãªã¢ã³ããé¢è±ã»æ°èã¡ã«ã»ãã¹GPã®ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãšãªã£ãã
2010å¹Žã«æå
¥ãããã·ã³FW32ã§ã¯ãšã³ãžã³ãããšã¿ããã³ã¹ã¯ãŒã¹ã«ã¹ã€ããããããŸãããã©ã€ããŒã©ã€ã³ããããäžæ°ããããºãã«ã°ãšã®ãã¬ãŒãã§ãã©ãŠã³GPããã«ãŒãã³ã¹ã»ããªãã§ããèµ·çšãããäžå¶ã®åŸä»»ã«ã¯ãã¹ããã©ã€ããŒããææ Œãããã³ã»ãã¥ã«ã±ã³ãã«ã°ãšãªã£ãããã¹ãã»ãã©ã€ããŒã«ã¯ãã«ããªã»ããã¿ã¹ãšæ°ããå¥çŽããããã©ãžã«GPã«ãŠãã¥ã«ã±ã³ãã«ã°ãããŒã ã«ãšã£ãŠ5幎ã¶ããã³ã¹ã¯ãŒã¹ãšã³ãžã³ã«ãšã£ãŠ11幎ã¶ããšãªãããŒã«ããžã·ã§ã³ãèšé²ããããããæçµæŠã¢ãããGPçµäºåŸã®11æ15æ¥ã«ããã¥ã«ã±ã³ãã«ã°ãããŒã ãé¢è±ããåæã«ããªãã§ããšã®å¥çŽãç¿å¹Žãç¶ç¶ããããšãçºè¡šãããã
2008幎æ«ããã®éè屿©ãåå ã§RBS(ãã€ã€ã«ã»ãã³ã¯ã»ãªãã»ã¹ã³ããã©ã³ã)ãããªã©ã³ãã®å®¶é»æ©åšã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®ãã£ãªããã¹ããããããã¹ãã³ãµãŒãéããã
2011幎ã·ãŒãºã³ã¯ããªãã§ããæ®çããäžæ¹ã§ããã¥ã«ã±ã³ãã«ã°ã®åŸä»»ãšããŠãããºãšã©äººãã©ã€ããŒã®ãã¹ããŒã«ã»ãã«ããããèµ·çšããããšãçºè¡šããããã«äŒŽãPDVSA(ãããºãšã©åœå¶ç³æ²¹äŒç€Ÿ)ãªã©ãããºãšã©è³æ¬ã®è€æ°ã®ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãç²åŸããããããã§ãRBSã»ãã£ãªããã¹ãã®é¢è±ã«ããåå
¥æžå°ãè£ããããªã(äžèª¬ã«ã¯43%ãã®æžåãšãªã£ããšããã)ãããããŒã ã¯ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ããŒã ãšããŠã¯ç°äŸãšãªãèªç€Ÿã®æ ªåŒå
¬éãèšç»ãã2011幎3æ2æ¥ã«ãã©ã³ã¯ãã«ã蚌åžååŒæã«æ ªåŒãäžå Žããããšãçºè¡šããããã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯æ ªåŒã®éåæ°ãä¿æãç¶ãããã®ã®ãäž»ã«ãããªãã¯ã»ããããã®æææ ªãäžå¿ã«ãçºè¡æžæ ªåŒã®çŽ27%ãåžå Žã«æŸåºãããã
ãã®å¹Žã¯èªç€Ÿè£œè¶
ã³ã³ãã¯ãã®ã¢ããã¯ã¹(ååãªä¿¡é Œæ§ã¯ç¢ºä¿ãããŠãã)以å€ã«ç®ç«ã£ãäœå¶å€æŽã¯ãªãã£ããã5ãã€ã³ãã»ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã©ã³ãã³ã°9äœãšãã2006幎以äžã®äžæ¯ã®ã·ãŒãºã³ãšãªã£ã(2006å¹Žåœæã®ãã€ã³ãã·ã¹ãã ã«æç®ãããšãã®å¹Žã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯ããŒãã€ã³ãã§ãã)ããã®ãããã¯ãã«ã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã®ãµã ã»ãã€ã±ã«ãå§ããšããéŠè³é£ã責任ãåã圢ã§ããŒã ãé¢è±ããŸããã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãšå
±ã«åããŒã ãé·å¹Žçãããããªãã¯ã»ããããé¢é£äŒç€Ÿã®éå¶ã«å°å¿µããããšã«ãªãF1ã®çŸå Žãé¢ãããããã«éå»5幎ã«ãããã¡ã€ã³ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãåããAT&Tã2011幎æ«ããã£ãŠéããã
2012幎ã·ãŒãºã³ããã«ããŒã15幎ã¶ãã«ãšã³ãžã³ãäŸçµŠããããšã2011幎7æã«æ±ºå®ãå¥çŽã¯2013幎ãŸã§ã®2幎éã§ããšã³ãžã³ã®ã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã倿Žããã2014幎ã¯ãªãã·ã§ã³ãšãªã£ãŠããããã©ã€ããŒã¯ããªãã§ãã«ä»£ãããã«ãŒãã»ã»ããèµ·çšãããããŸãå幎4æ1æ¥ä»ã§ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯F1ããŒã ã®åç· åœ¹ããéãããšã«ãªã£ã(ãã ãåŒãç¶ãããŒã 代衚ãåãã圹å¡äŒè°ã«ã¯åºåžãç¶ãããšã®ããš)ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºå®¶ã®ä»£è¡šãšããŠã圹å¡äŒã«ã¯åŒãç¶ããã©ã³ã¯ã®åšã¯ã¬ã¢ãåºåžããã圌女ã¯ããŒã ã®åºå ±éšéã«10幎åããŠãããä»åãããã¯ã»ã©ã€ãªãŒã®é瀟ãåããŠããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°&ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«æé²ããã第2æŠãã¬ãŒã·ã¢GPçµäºåŸã®3æ26æ¥ããã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®åŸç¶è
ãšèŠãªãããŠããã¢ãã ã»ããŒã3æ30æ¥ä»ã§ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã°ã©ã³ããªã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ãºPLCãéè·ããããšãçºè¡šããããåãããã£ã¢ãžãªã®åCFOã§çŸåšWPGHãš2ã€ã®FTSE100äŒæ¥ã®éåžžå€åç· åœ¹ãåããããã¯ã»ããŒã¹ãéç·è£(Non-Executive Chairmanãéåžžå€äŒé·)ã«å°±ä»»ãæ¯é
æ ªäž»ã®ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºããæ ªäž»ã§éåžžå€åç· åœ¹ã®ããã»ãŽã©ã«ããçµå¶æé«è²¬ä»»è
ã®ã¢ã¬ãã¯ã¹ã»ããŒã³ãºãæ®ãã®åç· åœ¹ã®ãµããŒããåããªããäŒç€Ÿã®ç£ç£ãç¶ããŠããã第5æŠã¹ãã€ã³GPã§ã¯ããã¹ããŒã«ã»ãã«ããããèªèº«åã®ããŒã«ããžã·ã§ã³ãç²åŸã決åã§ã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒãæã«ãã§ã«ãã³ãã»ã¢ãã³ãœã«æãã2äœãšãªã£ããã®ã®ããããã¹ãããã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãåãå¥ã1äœã«é転ãåŸåã§ã¯2äœãšãªã£ãã¢ãã³ãœããã®è¿œéããå®ãããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã«ãšã£ãŠ8ã·ãŒãºã³ã»7幎åã¶ããšãªãåªåãç²åŸãããããããã¬ãŒã¹çµäºåŸã®åªåç¥ãã®æäžã«ã¬ã¬ãŒãžã®çæåº«ããåºç«ãç«çœãçºçãšããçœé£ã«èŠèãããã幞ãã«åœã«é¢ãããããªé節ãªè² å·è
ã¯ããªãã£ããã®ã®FIAã«ãããšããã®ç«çœã§3ããŒã ã®èš31人ãè² å·ãããšã®ããšã貎éãªããŒã¿ãåããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã廿£ãšãªãããããã«ã€ããŠåœé¢ã¯ä»ããŒã ããåãåããŠéçšããããšã«ãªã£ãããã®åŸããã«ãããã¯å
ãéãã¯æã£ãŠãããã®ã®ãå®å®æ§ã«æ¬ ããŠãããçµç€ã«ã¯åã³å®å®ãããã©ã€ãã³ã°ãããã»ãã¯ãã«ãããã»ã©ã®éãã¯ãªãã£ããã®ã®äºéžäžäœãã远ãäžããç²ã匷ããã¯ã¬ããŒãªèµ°ãã§äžå£äºããããããšããã°ãã°ããã76ãã€ã³ãã§ã©ã³ãã³ã°8äœãšãªã£ããå幎11æã«ãã«ãããã®2013å¹Žã®æ®çãšããªã¶ãŒãããã©ã€ããŒã ã£ããã«ããªã»ããã¿ã¹ãã¬ã®ã¥ã©ãŒãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠèµ·çšããããšãçºè¡šãããã
2013幎ããã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®åŸç¶è
ãšç®ãããŠããããã»ãŽã©ã«ããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ããŒã 代衚ã«å°±ä»»ããããšãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãšã®é¢ä¿ã次第ã«è§£æ¶ããåãã«åºã(2016幎3æã«å
šæ ªåŒãææŸãã)ããã·ã³ã¯äžè»¢ããŠ2幎åã®æ§èœã«éæ»ããããã®ãããªæŠéåã«èŠåŽããäºãšãªã£ããäºéžæé«äœã¯ã«ããã§ã®ãã«ããã13äœãããã¿ã¹3äœã決åã¯ãã«ãããã第10æŠãã³ã¬ãªãŒGPã®10äœãããã¿ã¹ã第18æŠã¢ã¡ãªã«GPã®8äœã§ãããŒã æçžŸã¯2幎åã®5ãã€ã³ãã»9äœãšåãã«ãªã£ãã8æã«ãããã»ã·ã¢ã³ãºãããŒããã¯ãã«ã«ãªãã£ãµãŒã«å°±ä»»ãããã·ãŒãºã³çµç€ã«ãã«ãããã¯ããŒã é¢è±ã衚æãããŒã¿ã¹ãžã®ç§»ç±ãçºè¡šããã
2014幎ããF1ã®ãšã³ãžã³ã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã倧ãã倿Žãããããšããã2013幎5æã«ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯ã2014幎ããæ°ãã«ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãããšã³ãžã³äŸçµŠãåããããšãçºè¡šãããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã¯ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã«ãšã³ãžã³åã³ãšãã«ã®ãŒåçã·ã¹ãã (ERS)ãå«ããã¯ãŒãŠããã(PU)ãäŸçµŠãããããã©ã³ã¹ããã·ã§ã³ã¯ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãç¬èªéçºããããã©ã€ããŒã¯æ®çããããã¿ã¹ãšãã§ã©ãŒãªãããã§ãªãã»ãããµãç§»ç±ããã¹ã段éã§ã¯åŸæ¥ã®çŽºããŒã¹ã ã£ããããã«ãã£ãŒãã»ãšã»ããã·ãšã®å€§åã¹ãã³ãµãŒå¥çŽããŸãšãŸããããŒã åãå¡è£
ã«ãã«ãã£ãŒãã®æåãåæ ãããçœå°ã«èµ€éã¹ãã©ã€ããè»äœã«æãããã2008幎ãæåŸã«é¢ããŠããããããã©ã¹ããã©ãžã«äººã®ãããµå å
¥ã«äŒŽãã¹ãã³ãµãŒã«åŸ©åž°ããã«ããããé¢è±ãããã®ã®PDVSAã¯å¥çŽæéãæ®ã£ãŠããçºã«æ®ãæéã®ã¹ãã³ãµãŒæãéçŽéãšããŠæ¯æãããBMWãšã³ãžã³ã倱ã£ãŠä»¥åŸãæã最沢ãªè³éãåŸãŠã·ãŒãºã³ã«èšãäºãšãªã£ããããã§ããã§ã©ãŒãªã®ååã®å¹Žéäºç®ã§ããã é广ŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPã§ã¯ããã¿ã¹ãå幎ãäžåã5äœå
¥è³ãæãããé广Šã®æ®µéã§åå¹Žã®æçžŸãäžåã£ããç¶ã第2æŠãã¬ãŒã·ã¢GPã第3æŠããŒã¬ãŒã³GPã§ããããµ7äœãããã¿ã¹8äœã®2æŠé£ç¶ã®ããã«å
¥è³ãç¶ãã第8æŠãªãŒã¹ããªã¢GPã®äºéžã§ã¯ãããµãããŒã«ããžã·ã§ã³(PP)ãããã¿ã¹ã2çªæãšããã³ãããŒãç¬å ããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®PPã¯2012幎第5æŠä»¥æ¥ãšãªãããããã³ãããŒã2å°ç¬å ããã®ã¯2003幎ãã©ã³ã¹GP以æ¥ã®11幎ã¶ãã®åºæ¥äºã§ãã£ãããªãããããµèªèº«ã«ãšã£ãŠã2008幎ãã©ãžã«GP以æ¥6幎ã¶ãã®PPç²åŸã§ãã£ããæ±ºåã¯åºç€ããããš2äœãå
è¡ãããããããäœæŠã§ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹å¢ã«é転ãèš±ããããµ4äœãããã¿ã¹3äœå衚地å°ãšããçµæãšãªã£ããæ¬¡æŠã€ã®ãªã¹GPã§ã¯ããã¿ã¹ã14çªæã¹ã¿ãŒããªãããæ±ºåã§2äœè¡šåœ°å°ãç²åŸããŸããæçµæŠã®ã¢ãããGPã§ã¯ããã«ãã€ã³ãã®å¹æãããã2å°ã§66ãã€ã³ããç²åŸãããã«ããã1ã¬ãŒã¹ã§ç²åŸãããã€ã³ããæãå€ãããŒã ãšããŠã®èšé²ãæ®ããããã®å¹Žã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãªãšããŒã¿ã¹ã®äžæ¯ããã£ãããæªåå©ãªããã幎éã©ã³ãã³ã°3äœãš2003幎以æ¥ã®å¥œæçžŸããããããããŒã è¿ãå²ããæããããšæãããã
2015幎ãããã¿ã¹ããããµã®ã³ã³ãã§åæŠã第7æŠã«ããGPã§ããã¿ã¹ããç¶ã第8æŠãªãŒã¹ããªã¢GPã§ãããµã衚地å°ãç²åŸããã第9æŠã€ã®ãªã¹GPã§ã¯ãããµãããã¿ã¹å
±ã«2åç®ã«ã€ãããã±ããã¹ã¿ãŒãã§ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãæãå»ã1-2äœå¶ã§ã¬ãŒã¹ãé²ããŠãããããããããäœæŠã§ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹2å°ã«é転ããããšãçµç€ã«éšãéãåºããéã«ãŠã§ããã¿ã€ã€ãžäº€æããã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã誀ãããã§ã©ãŒãªã®ã»ãã¹ãã£ã³ã»ãããã«ã«ãé転ãããããµ4äœãããã¿ã¹5äœã«çµãã£ãã ã·ãŒãºã³ãéããŠã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ããã§ã©ãŒãªã®åŸå¡µãæããã¬ãŒã¹ãå€ãã£ããã®ã®ãã¬ãããã«ã®äžæ¯ããããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã¯å幎ãšå€ããã3äœãå人ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã§ã¯ããã¿ã¹5äœããããµ6äœãšãªããçµæã ãèŠãã°ãå幎ã«è¿ãæçžŸã§ã·ãŒãºã³ãçµãããã ããç·ç²åŸãã€ã³ãã¯æžå°ããå幎ãããŒã ãšããŠå
šæŠå
¥è³ãæãããã®ã«å¯Ÿããä»å£ã¯å
¥è³ãéããGPããã€ããããããã«è¡šåœ°å°ãäž¡ãã©ã€ããŒãšã3äœè¡šåœ°å°2åãã€ã«çãŸããªã©(å幎ã¯2äœè¡šåœ°å°ãèšé²ããŠãã)ãå°ãªãããæçžŸãäžãã£ãããã®æææåŒ·ãšãããŠããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹PUãæèŒããŠãããããäžäœããŒã ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯åªå¢ãä¿ã£ãŠãããã®ã®ããã®å¹ŽåªåããããŒã ã«ã¯åŸããåã£ãŠããããããåæ ãããããªæçžŸãšãªã£ãŠããŸã£ãããããŠããã®å¹Žä»¥éãããŒã ã®äœçœ®ä»ãã¯ãçžå¯Ÿçã«äžãã£ãŠããããšãšãªãã
2016幎ããã©ã€ããŒã¯å€ãããã第5æŠãŸã§ã¯2015幎ãšåããããªæçžŸã§ãã£ããã4æã®æ®µéã§å幎åãããã·ã³ã®æŠéåãåŸéããŠããã³ã¡ã³ããçºããããã·ãŒãºã³ãé²ãã«ã€ããŠãã€ã³ããç²åŸããã®ãç²Ÿäžæ¯ãšããç¶æ³ã«ãªã£ãŠãããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãã¬ãããã«ããã§ã©ãŒãªãã倧ããå·®ãã€ããããã衚地å°ãã«ããGPã§ã®ããã¿ã¹ã®3äœã®ã¿ãšãªããåãã¡ã«ã»ãã¹è£œPUã䜿çšãããã©ãŒã¹ã»ã€ã³ãã£ã¢ã3äœã2床ç²åŸããããšããããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãº5äœã«åŸéãããã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã§ãããµããã®å¹Žã§éãã§åŒéããããšãçºè¡šããããŸãããã¯ãã«ã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã®ãããã»ã·ã¢ã³ãºããã®å¹Žããã£ãŠããŒã ãé¢è±ã
2017幎ã¯ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã°ã©ã³ããªã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ããšããŠã®F1åæŠ40åšå¹Žãè¿ããããšãããé çªéãã®FW39ã§ã¯ãªãã·ã£ã·ãŒåç§°ããFW40ããšããããã©ã€ããŒã¯åœåããããµã®åŒéãåããããã¿ã¹ã®æ®çãšå幎ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®ãªã¶ãŒããã©ã€ããŒãåããŠããã©ã³ã¹ã»ã¹ãããŒã«ã®ææ Œãçºè¡šããŠããããšããããå幎床çè
ã®ãã³ã»ããºãã«ã°ã®é»æçåŒéã«äŒŽãããã¿ã¹ãã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã«ç§»ç±ããããããã®åœ±é¿ã§ãããµã¯åŒéãæ€åããŠåŒãç¶ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã§èµ°ãããšãšãªã£ããã¹ãããŒã«ã«ã¯ç¶èŠªã§ããããŒã¬ã³ã¹ã»ã¹ãããŒã«ã«ããè³éæäŸã匷ãé¢ãã£ãŠãããšã®å£°ã匷ãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®è³éé£ã瀺åããŠããããªãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã§10代ã®ãã©ã€ããŒãèµ°ãã®ã¯å²äžåã®ããšã§ãããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãé¢è±ããããã£ã»ããŠãããŒããã¯ãã«ã«ãªãã£ãµãŒ(CTO)ã«ãå幎æ«ã«ãã§ã©ãŒãªãé¢è±ãããã£ã«ã¯ã»ãã»ãã¢ã空å責任è
ã«ãããã就任ãæè¡é£ã®åŒ·åãè¡ã£ãã
ã¹ãããŒã«ã¯éå¹3æŠã¯ãªã¿ã€ã¢ãšãªãããåã®æ¯åœã¬ãŒã¹ãšãªã第7æŠã«ããGPã§9äœå
¥è³ãæãããšã次ã®ã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³GPã§ã¯3äœã«å
¥ããåã®è¡šåœ°å°ã«ç«ã£ãããªãŒã¹ããªã¢GPã§ã¯äºéžã§ã¯ãããµ17äœãã¹ãããŒã«18äœãšäœè¿·ãããæ±ºåã§ã¯ãããµ9äœãã¹ãããŒã«10äœã«ãŸã§è¿œãäžãä»ã·ãŒãºã³åã®ããã«å
¥è³ãæãããããã³ã¬ãªãŒGPã¯ãããµãäœèª¿äžè¯ãèšŽãæ¬ å Žããããããªã¶ãŒããã©ã€ããŒã®ããŒã«ã»ãã£ã»ã¬ã¹ã¿ã代走ãåãããããŒã ãšããŠã¯ç¬¬2æŠãšç¬¬5æŠä»¥å€ã§å
¥è³ããæã®ããã3ããŒã (ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ããã§ã©ãŒãªãã¬ãããã«)以å€ã®ãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠã¹ãããŒã«ã1åã ãã ã衚地å°ã«äžãã£ããã®ã®ãããã«å
¥è³ã®åæ°ã倧å¹
ã«æžã(å幎10åãä»å£3å)ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ããæšå¹Žã®5äœãšå€ããã¯ãªãã£ãã4äœã®ãã©ãŒã¹ã»ã€ã³ãã£ã¢ã«ã¯ããã«ã¹ã³ã¢ãä»ããããçµæãšãªã£ãããŸãããããµã¯ã·ãŒãºã³åŸåã«æ¹ããŠåŒéã衚æããã
2018幎1æ16æ¥ãã¹ãããŒã«ã®æ®çãšã»ã«ã²ã€ã»ã·ãããã³ã®èµ·çšããããŠãããŒãã»ã¯ããµã®ãªã¶ãŒãå
Œéçºãã©ã€ããŒå°±ä»»ãçºè¡šããããéå¹ãåã«ã2014幎ããã¿ã€ãã«ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãšãªã£ãŠãããã«ãã£ãŒãã2018幎ããã£ãŠå¥çŽçµäºãšãªãããšãçºè¡šãããããã«ãã£ãŒãã¯25æ³ä»¥äžã®ãã©ã€ããŒãèµ·çšããããšãèŠæããŠãã(ãããµã2017幎ã«åŒéãæ€åããèŠå ã®äžã€ã§ããã£ã)ããã¹ãããŒã«ã¯19æ³ãã·ãããã³ã¯22æ³ãšæ¡ä»¶ãæºãããŠããããä»åã®ãã©ã€ããŒéžæãå¥çŽçµäºã®äžå ã§ã¯ãªãããšã®èŠæ¹ããããŠããããã¯ã¬ã¢ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯ãããåŠå®ããŠãããããã£ã»ããŠã®æã«ããæ°è»FW41ã«æåŸ
ãé«ãŸã£ããã®ã®ç©ºåã«åé¡ãæ±ãã5æã«ã¯ããŒããã¶ã€ããŒã®ãšãã»ãŠãããšç©ºå責任è
ã®ãã£ã«ã¯ã»ãã»ãã¢ãçžæ¬¡ãã§é¢è±ããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°è²¬ä»»è
ã®ããã»ã¹ã¡ãã¬ãŒãã·ãŒãºã³çµäºããã£ãŠé¢è±ããäºæ
ã«é¥ã£ãããã®ãããæŠéå匷åã®äžç°ã§èªç€Ÿéçºãç¶ããŠæ¥ããã©ã³ã¹ããã·ã§ã³ãã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ããã®äŸçµŠã«åãæ¿ããå ±éãåºãã»ã©ã§ãããå
¥è³ããã®ã¯ã¹ãããŒã«ã第4æŠã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³GPã§æãã8äœãšããã«å
¥è³ãæããã第14æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã®2æŠ(ã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã®ããã«å
¥è³ã®ãã¡ãã·ãããã³ã®å
¥è³ã¯äžäœã®ãã©ã€ããŒãå€±æ Œã«ãªã£ãããšããã£ãŠã®ãã®ã§ãã£ã)ã®ã¿ã§ãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã©ã³ãã³ã°æäžäœãžãšè»¢èœããããããªãªããã¹ãããŒã«å®¶çããã³ã³ãœãŒã·ã¢ã ãç Žç£å®£åãåãããã©ãŒã¹ã»ã€ã³ãã£ã¢ãè²·åããã©ã³ã¹ã»ã¹ãããŒã«ãåããŒã ããåç§°ã倿Žããã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã»ãã€ã³ããžç§»ç±ãã·ãããã³ãæåéãçšæã§ããªãã£ãããšãè³éé£ã®åœ±é¿ã§äº€ä»£ããããã圢ãšãªããããã1幎ã§F1ããå»ãããšãšãªã£ãã
2019幎ãå幎ã®äºåéããã«ãã£ãŒããšã®å¥çŽãçµäºãããããä»æã¯æºåž¯é»è©±äŒç€Ÿã®ãROKiT(ãããã)ããšæ°ããªã¿ã€ãã«ã¹ãã³ãµãŒå¥çŽãçµã³ããããããã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ãã®åã§ãšã³ããªãŒããªã¶ãŒããã©ã€ããŒã®ã¯ããµãæ£ãã©ã€ããŒã«ææ ŒããŠ9幎ã¶ãã«F1埩垰ãã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã®ãªã¶ãŒããã©ã€ããŒãåããæ°äººãžã§ãŒãžã»ã©ãã»ã«ãšã®ã³ã³ããšãªããæ°è»FW42ã¯ååå®èµ°ãã¹ãã«2æ¥ååå ã§ãã倧å¹
ãªãã³ããšãªããéå¹1é±éåã«CTOã®ããã£ã»ããŠãäºå®äžæŽè¿ããããé广ŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã§ã¯ã¯ããµãã©ãã»ã«å
±ã
äºéžã»æ±ºåå
±ã«æäžäœã«çããããã®åŸã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã§ãäžäœã«äœè¿·ãããŒã ã¯äººå¡ã®åç·šãè¡ãããããªãã¯ã»ããããã³ã³ãµã«ã¿ã³ããšããŠ8幎ã¶ãã«F1ãžåŸ©åž°ãã¢ãã ã»ã«ãŒã¿ãŒããã¶ã€ã³è²¬ä»»è
ã®åœ¹å²ãåŒãç¶ãã ã第11æŠãã€ãGPã§ã¯ããµã10äœãšãªãããŒãã€ã³ãã¯å
ããããäžäœã®ãã©ã€ããŒã®ããã«ãã£ã«ããç¹°ãäžããã§ã®å
¥è³ã§ãã£ããçµå±ããã€ãGPã®å
¥è³ã§ç²åŸãã1ãã€ã³ããã·ãŒãºã³å¯äžã®ãã€ã³ããšãªãèªåå
¥è³ã¯äžåºŠããªããŸãŸã·ãŒãºã³ãçµããã7æã«ROKiTãš2023幎ãŸã§ã9æã«ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹PUãš2025幎ãŸã§ã®é·æå¥çŽããŸãšãããã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«GPèšè
äŒèŠã§ã¯ããµãããŒã é¢è±ãçºè¡šããããŸããä»ã·ãŒãºã³ã®æçžŸã«ãã£ãŠããŒã ã®ãã·ã³éçºã®è¿·èµ°ãææãããããã«ãªãã
2020幎ããã©ã€ããŒã¯ã©ãã»ã«ãæ®çãããªã¶ãŒããã©ã€ããŒãåããŠãããã³ã©ã¹ã»ã©ãã£ãã£ãææ Œãæè¡éšéãå·æ°ãããã¬ãããã«ãããã€ãããã»ã¯ãŒããŒãã«ããŒãããžã§ããµã³ã»ã«ãŒã¿ãŒãç§»ç±ããŠããŒããã¶ã€ããŒãå¯ããŒããã¶ã€ããŒå
Œãã¶ã€ã³éšé責任è
ã«ãããã就任ãããã¶ã€ã³éšéã®ã¢ãã ã»ã«ãŒã¿ãŒãããŒããšã³ãžãã¢ã«å°±ä»»ããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãããµã€ã¢ã³ã»ãããŒãããããŒãžã³ã°ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«è¿ãããä»å£ã¯ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ãã¹ãã®çŽ æ©ãåæ Œããã·ã³ã®æŠéåã®æ¹åã®æåã®å
ããªã©ãæãããã¥ãŒã¹ããã£ãããšããããäžççãªåé¡ã«ããéå¹å»¶æã«äŒŽããããŒã ã®è³éé£ã«æè»ããããããšãšãªã£ãããã¬ã·ãŒãºã³ãã¹ãã®é ã§ãããæ·±å»ãªè³éé£ã«é¥ã£ãŠãããé¢é£äŒç€Ÿã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã¢ããã³ã¹ãã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã®æ ªåŒãå幎æ«ã«é忰売åŽãåæŠçšã®è³éã確ä¿ãã©ãã£ãã£ã®èµ·çšã¯ééé¢ãçç±ã§ã¯ãªããšããªãããã圌ãé¢é£ããã¹ãã³ãµãŒã倿°åå ããŠããããããåŠå®ããããšãã§ããªãã£ãããã®ãããã·ãŒãºã³ãåçµãããŠããããšã«ãããã¬ãŒã¹ã§åŸãããåå
¥ãäžæçã«æ¶æ»
ããŠããŸã£ããããæœèšãæŽä»£ãã·ã³ãªã©ãæ
ä¿ã«éå¶è³éã®ç·æ¥èª¿éã«è¿«ãããäºæ
ãšãªã£ããããã«è¿œãæã¡ãããããã®ããã«ãããŒã ããã¿ã€ãã«ã¹ãã³ãµãŒã®ROKiTã5æ29æ¥ä»ã§å¥çŽã峿çµäºãããããšãçºè¡šããããã®åã®åå
¥ãåªå€±ããã®ãããããŒã æ ªåŒã®éåæ°ãããã¯ããŒã èªäœã®å£²åŽãæ€èšãå§ããäºæ
ãšãªã£ãã
2020幎8æ21æ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æè³äŒæ¥ããªã«ãã³ã»ãã£ãã¿ã«(Dorilton Capital)ã«1å5200äžãŠãŒã(çŽ190åå)ã§ããŒã ã売åŽããããšãçºè¡šãããããŒã ã®ãªãŒããŒã·ããã¯ããªã«ãã³ã»ãã£ãã¿ã«ã«ç§»ãããããŒã ã¯ã°ããŒãã®æ ç¹ã«çãŸãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãšããŠF1ãžã®åæŠã¯ç¶ããããããŠ9æåé ã®ç¬¬8æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPããã£ãŠããã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãéŠè³é£ãæ£åŒã«éä»»ã43幎ã«åã¶ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºå®¶ã®éå¶ã«çµæ¢ç¬ŠãæããããåŸä»»ã®ããŒã 代衚ã«ã¯ãæ®çãããããŒãžã³ã°ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã®ãµã€ã¢ã³ã»ãããŒããèšæã§åããã
ä»å£ã¯äºéžQ2ã«äœæŠãé²åºããç¹ã«ã©ãã»ã«ãè€æ°åQ2é²åºãéæããããäºéžQ3é²åºãŸã§ã¯è³ããªãã£ããæ±ºåã¯ã©ãã»ã«1床ãã©ãã£ãã£3床ã®11äœã®èšé²ãæé«äœã§ãããããŒã å²äžå(ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã«ãŒãºæä»£ã¯é€ã)ã®å¹Žéç¡åŸç¹ã«çµãã£ãã
2021幎ããã©ã€ããŒã¯äž¡åãšãç¶ç¶ãæ°åã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹æææ¡å€§ã®åœ±é¿ã«ãããä»å£ã¯å幎åã·ã£ã·ãŒã®ç¶ç¶ã®æ±ºå®ããã®é¢ä¿ã§ããã¢åŸéšã«æ°ããªèŠå¶ã®è¿œå ãšããŒã¯ã³å¶ã«ããéçºå¶éãå°å
¥ãããããŒã ã¯ä»å£ã®ãã·ã³ãFW43BãšåœåããŠåæŠãããå
ãã©ã«ã¯ã¹ã¯ãŒã²ã³ã»ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®ãšãŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒããæé«çµå¶è²¬ä»»è
(CEO)ã«æèããã»ãããã¯ãã«ã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«ã¯ãã©ã³ãœã¯=ã°ã¶ããšã»ãã¥ã¡ãŸã³ãèµ·çšãããåŸã«ãããŒãã®é¢è±ã«äŒŽããã«ããŒããæ£åŒã«ããŒã 代衚ãšãªã£ãã ã©ãã»ã«ã第10æŠãªãŒã¹ããªã¢GPã§ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºããŒã ãšããŠ2018幎第14æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢ã°ã©ã³ããªä»¥æ¥ã®Q3é²åºãæããã9çªæãç²åŸ(åã®ãã·ã³ã®ããã«ãã£ã«ããé äœå€åã«ãã8çªæã¹ã¿ãŒã)ãæ±ºåã§ã¯10äœå
¥è³ãç®åãŸã§è¿«ã£ãããã¿ã€ã€ãéçãè¿ãã11äœå®èµ°ã«çµãã£ãã 第12æŠãã³ã¬ãªãŒGPã§ã¯ãäºéžããäž¡è
ãšãã«Q1æéãšãªã£ããã®ã®ã決åã§ã¯1åšç®ã«èµ·ããåæ¹ã§ã®å€éã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ãããããããã©ãã£ãã£ãšã©ãã»ã«ãå
±ã«å
¥è³ãèšé²ãããã«2äœã®ã»ãã¹ãã£ã³ã»ãããã«ã®å€±æ Œã«ããé äœå€åã«ãããã©ãã£ãã£7äœãã©ãã»ã«8äœã®ããã«å
¥è³ãèšé²ããããšãšãªããããŒã ãšããŠã¯2018幎第14æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GP以æ¥ã®ããã«å
¥è³ãšãªã£ãã第12æŠãã«ã®ãŒGPã§ã¯ãŠãšããã³ã³ãã£ã·ã§ã³äžã§è¡ãããäºéžã«ãããŠã©ãã»ã«ãæçµçã«2çªæãç²åŸã決åã¯èå€©ã§æçµçã«äžæ¢ãšãªã£ãããããŒããã€ã³ãã¬ãŒã¹ã®èŠä»¶ãæºããã圢ãã€ã»ãŒæ±ºåéå§æã®é äœã®ãŸãŸçµäºããã®çµæãã©ãã»ã«ã2äœãã©ãã£ãã£ã9äœãšãªã£ãããŸãããã«ã®ãŒGPã®çµæã«é¢ããŠã¯ã©ãã»ã«ã2014幎ãªãŒã¹ããªã¢ã°ã©ã³ããªä»¥æ¥ã®ããã³ãããŒç²åŸ(ãã ããã°ãªããããã«ãã£ãªã©ã®é äœå€åãå«ãã°2017幎ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã°ã©ã³ããªã«ã©ã³ã¹ã»ã¹ãããŒã«ãããã«ããç¹°ãäžããã®åœ¢ã§2çªæãç²åŸããŠãã)ãš2017幎ã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ã°ã©ã³ããªä»¥æ¥ã®è¡šåœ°å°å
¥ããèšé²ããããšãšãªã£ãããã®åŸãã©ãã»ã«ã第14æŠãšç¬¬15æŠã§å
¥è³ããã€ã³ããå ç®ã第16æŠä»¥éã¯å
¥è³ã§ããªãã£ãããèªããŒã ããäžã®2ããŒã ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®ç²åŸãã€ã³ããäžåããªãã£ããããæçµçã«ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãº8äœã§ã·ãŒãºã³ãçµããããªãããã®å¹Žã®11æ28æ¥ã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã亡ããªã£ãŠããã
2022幎ãã©ãã£ãã£ãæ®çããããã©ãã»ã«ãã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã«ç§»ç±ãããããF1ãžåŸ©åž°ããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããŒã»ã¢ã«ãã³ãå å
¥ãæ°è»FW44ã¯ãã®ã·ãŒãºã³ãã27幎éä»ããŠããã»ãã®SããŒã¯ãå€ãããšã決å®ããŠããããŸãã®ã¢ããã¯ã¹ã¯èªç€Ÿè£œãããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹äŸçµŠãšãããFW44ã¯é广ç¹ã§ã¯éå£éšãéåžžã«å€§ããåŸéšãäžžããšåã£ãç¬ç¹ãªãµã€ããããã ã£ãããæçžŸã¯äœèª¿ã第10æŠããã¯äžè¬çãªãµã€ããããã«å€æŽããã®å¹Žã¯æ£çºçã«9äœã»10äœå
¥è³ãããã®ã®ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºé äœãåã³æäžäœ(10äœ)ã«è»¢èœããã
2023幎ã«åããŠã¯ãã©ãã£ãã£ãããŒã ãé¢è±ããåŸä»»ã«ã¯2022幎ã®FIA F2éžææš©ã§ã«ãŒããŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ã€ã€ãŒãç²åŸããããŒã¬ã³ã»ãµãŒãžã§ã³ããèµ·çšããŸã2022幎12æã«ã¯ãããŒã 代衚ã®ã«ããŒãããã¯ãã«ã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã®ãã¥ã¡ãŸã³ã®é¢è±ãçºè¡šããããæ°ä»£è¡šã«ã¯å
ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã®ãžã§ãŒã ã¹ã»ããŠã«ãºãã€ããã2023ã·ãŒãºã³ã¯ãåå¹Žã«æ¯ã¹ããšãã·ã³æ§èœãåäžãç¹ã«é«éãµãŒãããã§ã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒãã¹ããŒãã®éããå
ããé广ŠããŒã¬ãŒã³GPã§ã¯ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããŒã»ã¢ã«ãã³10äœå
¥è³ã1ãã€ã³ããç²åŸããã第9æŠã«ããGPã§ã¯ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããŒã»ã¢ã«ãã³ãå®å®ããèµ°ããèŠã7äœå
¥è³ã6ãã€ã³ããç²åŸããããã®åŸãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããŒã»ã¢ã«ãã³ã第11æŠã€ã®ãªã¹GPã§8äœå
¥è³ã第14æŠãªã©ã³ãGPã§8äœå
¥è³ã第15æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã§7äœå
¥è³ã第18æŠã«ã¿ãŒã«GPã¹ããªã³ãã§7äœå
¥è³ã第19æŠã¢ã¡ãªã«GPã§ã¯ãã«ã€ã¹ã»ããã«ãã³ãšã·ã£ã«ã«ã»ã«ã¯ã¬ãŒã«ã®å€±æ Œã«ãã9äœå
¥è³ãšå
¥è³ã第20æŠã¡ãã·ã³GPã§9äœå
¥è³ãšå
¥è³ãéããŠãããããŒã¬ã³ã»ãµãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ç¬¬19æŠã¢ã¡ãªã«GPã§ã«ã€ã¹ã»ããã«ãã³ãšã·ã£ã«ã«ã»ã«ã¯ã¬ãŒã«ã®å€±æ Œã«ãã10äœå
¥è³ãF1ãã£ãªã¢åã®ãã€ã³ããå°å
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ç²åŸãããåèšã§28ãã€ã³ããç²åŸãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã©ã³ãã³ã°7äœãšãªã£ãŠããã
2024幎ãã¢ã«ãã³ãšãµãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ã³ã³ãã§æŠãããšãšãªãã
ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã¯F1以å€ã«ãéå»ã«äžèšã®ãããªæŽ»åãè¡ã£ãŠããã
ãªããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã¢ããã³ã¹ãã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã2022幎1æã«ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã®é鱿¥äŒæ¥ããã©ãŒãã¹ãã¥ãŒã»ã¡ã¿ã«ãºã»ã°ã«ãŒãã«çŽ1å6400äžãã³ãã§å£²åŽããŠãããã°ã«ãŒãããå€ããŠããã
ãã€ãŠã¯ãã¬ã®ã¥ã©ãŒãã©ã€ããŒã¯30æ³ä»£ã®ããã©ã³ããèµ·çšããªãã£ãããæè¡ãä¿å®çãšããããŠãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã ãã1990幎代åã°ä»¥éã®ãã©ã€ããŒã«é¢ããŠã¯ãã¶ãŠããŒãããã«ãã£ããžã§ãŒãã³ã»ã©ã§ã¯ãªãããæ°äººãã©ã€ããŒãèµ·çšããããšãããããã®åŸåã¯æ°äººãèªåã®ããŒã ã§F1ããã¥ãŒãããããšã¯ãã£ãã«ãªããã§ã©ãŒãªããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãšã¯å€§ããç°ãªãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºããF1ããã¥ãŒãããã©ã€ããŒãšããŠããããã»ã¯ã«ãµãŒãããžã£ãã¯ã»ãŽã£ã«ããŒãŽããžã§ã³ãœã³ã»ããã³ããã¡ã³ã»ãããã»ã¢ã³ããŒã€ããã³ã»ããºãã«ã°ãäžå¶äžè²Žããã³ã»ãã¥ã«ã±ã³ãã«ã°ããã¹ããŒã«ã»ãã«ãããããã«ããªã»ããã¿ã¹ãã©ã³ã¹ã»ã¹ãããŒã«ãã»ã«ã²ã€ã»ã·ãããã³ããžã§ãŒãžã»ã©ãã»ã«ããã³ã©ã¹ã»ã©ãã£ãã£ãããŒã¬ã³ã»ãµãŒãžã§ã³ããããã ãã®ãã¡ãŽã£ã«ããŒãŽãããã³ãããºãã«ã°ã¯ã¯ãŒã«ããã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããŠãããããã2010幎代ã«ãªããšããŒã ã®è²¡æ¿çãªéå¶ç¶æ
ãå³ãããªããã¹ãããŒã«ã®èµ·çšãçé ã«ããŒã ã«è³éãããããããã€ãã©ã€ããŒãã®èµ·çšãåªå
ããããšãå¢ããŠããŠããã
ãªãã1983幎ã«ã€ã®ãªã¹F3åæŠäžã®ã¢ã€ã«ãã³ã»ã»ãããã¹ãããããŠãããæ©ãããã»ãã®æèœã«ç®ãã€ããŠããããã ããåœæã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®æ¹éã§ã¯ãã»ãã¯ãŸã è¥ããšããããšã§ã¬ã®ã¥ã©ãŒãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠã®èµ·çšã¯èŠéãããã
æŽä»£ã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãã©ã€ããŒã®äžã§10åããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã§F1ååå©ãéæããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BAF1
|
6,123 |
ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³
|
ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã»ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°(McLaren Racing Limited)ã¯ã1963幎ã«ãã«ãŒã¹ã»ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã«ããèšç«ãããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã»ããŒã ã
1966幎ããF1ã«åæŠãç¶ããŠããã1970幎ã«ãã«ãŒã¹ã»ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®äºæ
æ»åŸã¯ããã£ã»ã¡ã€ã€ãŒãããŒã éå¶ãåŒãç¶ãã1980幎ã«ãã³ã»ããã¹ãçããããããžã§ã¯ããã©ãŒ(è±èªç)ããšå䜵ããã
2017幎ã·ãŒãºã³çµäºæç¹ã§ãã°ã©ã³ããªã«ãããåªååæ°ããã©ã€ããŒãºã¿ã€ãã«ç²åŸåæ°ããšãã«ãã§ã©ãŒãªã«æ¬¡ãæŽä»£2äœãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã¿ã€ãã«ç²åŸåæ°ã§ã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãªãšãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã«æ¬¡ãæŽä»£3äœã®èšé²ãæã¡ãF1ã代衚ããåéããŒã ã®äžè§ã«æ°ããããŠããã
ãã®ä»ã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã«ããŽãªãŒã§ã¯ãã«ããã£ã¢ã³-ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ãã£ã¬ã³ãžã«ãã(Can-Am)ã«ãããŠ1967幎ãã1971幎ã«ãã5幎é£ç¶ã§ã¿ã€ãã«ãç²åŸãããã€ã³ãã£500ãã«ã»ãã³24æéã¬ãŒã¹ã«ãããŠãåªåãèšé²ããŠãããã€ã³ãã£ã«ãŒã»ã·ãªãŒãºã«2017幎ã®ã€ã³ãã£500ããä»ããŒã ãšã®ãžã§ã€ã³ã(å
±åããŒã )äœå¶ã«ããã¹ãããåæŠãéå§ãã2020幎ã·ãŒãºã³ããã·ã¥ãããã»ããŒã¿ãŒãœã³ã»ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒããšã®ãžã§ã€ã³ãã«ããããŒã ãã¢ããŒã»ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³SPããšããŠãã«åæŠãéå§ã2021幎ã·ãŒãºã³ã«ã¯ãããªã·ãªã»ãªã¯ãŒãã2åãæããæçµæŠãŸã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ãäºããã©ã³ãã³ã°3äœãšãªã£ãŠããã2022幎ããã¯é»æ°èªåè»ã«ãããªãããŒãã¬ãŒã¹ã§ãããšã¯ã¹ããªãŒã Eã«ãåæŠããŠããã
2017幎çŸåšãäžçäžå€§ã¬ãŒã¹ã§ãããã¢ãã³GPãã«ã»ãã³24æéã¬ãŒã¹ãã€ã³ãã£500ãã®å
šãŠãå¶ããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒ(è»äœè£œé è
)ãšããŠãç¥ãããŠãã(ä»ã«ã¯ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã®ã¿)ã
ã¿ã€ãã«ã¹ãã³ãµãŒã¯ã€ãŒãã¬ãŒ(1972幎 - 1974幎)âããŒã«ãã(1974幎 - 1996幎)âãŠãšã¹ã(1997幎 - 2005幎ã·ãŒãºã³åã°)âããŒããã©ã³(2007幎 - 2013幎)ãšå€é·ããŠããããçŸåšã¯ã¿ã€ãã«ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãäžåšã®ãããæ£åŒãšã³ããªãŒåã¯ããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³F1ããŒã (McLaren F1 Team)ããšãªã£ãŠããã
1963幎ããã«ãŒã¹ã»ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãããã£ã»ã¡ã€ã€ãŒããã€ã©ãŒã»ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããŒãã«ããããã«ãŒã¹ã»ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã»ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ãèšç«ãåœåã¯ã¿ã¹ãã³ã·ãªãŒãºãªã©ã«ã¯ãŒããŒãèµ°ãããŠããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããŠã¯ãM23ããŒã¹ã«ãDFVã®ã¿ãŒãçDFXã«æè£
ããM24ãåžè²©ããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã»ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ã®ãžã§ããŒã»ã©ã¶ãã©ãŒããéã~ãã³ã¹ããŒããŒã ã®ãã ã»ã¹ããŒãããã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããã
2007幎7æããã§ã©ãŒãªã®å
ããŒãã¡ã«ããã¯ã§ãããã€ãžã§ã«ã»ã¹ãããããŒãããŒã ããæè¡ã«é¢ããç§å¯æ
å ±ãæã¡åºãããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®ãã·ã³ãã¶ã€ã³éšéãçµ±æ¬ãããã€ã¯ã»ã³ãã©ã³ã«æäŸãããšãããçæã§ããã
ãã§ã©ãŒãªã¯ã€ã¿ãªã¢ãšã€ã®ãªã¹ã«åçºããäž¡åœåœå±ãææ»ãé²ããŠããããã®äžã§å®¶å®
æçŽ¢ã«å
¥ã£ããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³é¢ä¿è
ã®èªå®
ããã780ããŒãžåã«åã¶ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®æ©å¯æ
å ±ãèšé²ããããã£ã¹ã¯ãçºèŠãããããšãªã©ã§åŸã
ã«è¡šé¢åãFIAãç¬èªã«èª¿æ»ãéå§ããã
ã€ã®ãªã¹åœç±ã®ããŒã ã§ã¯ããããããŒã èšç«åœå1968幎ãã1971幎ãŸã§ãè»äœã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒãã«ã©ãŒã§ããããã€ã€ãªã¬ã³ãžã«å¡ãããŠããã
1972幎ããã¯ã€ãŒãã¬ã€åç²§åãã¹ãã³ãµãŒã«ä»ããããã£ãŒãµã€ãã«ããŒã ã«ã©ãŒã®ãªã¬ã³ãžãæ®ããçœ/ãªã¬ã³ãžã«å¡ãããã
ãã®åŸãããŒã«ãããšã®ããŒãããŒã·ããã«ããã1974幎ããã¯ããŒã«ããã®ããã±ãŒãžãšåãèµ€çœã«å¡ãããã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ãé·ããçšããããããã®ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã®èµ€ã®éšåã¯ã1974幎ãš1975幎ã«ã¯ããã±ãŒãžãšåããããªèµ€ã§å¡ããããã1976幎以éã¯ãã¬ããåçåããèæ
®ããŠèå
ã¬ããã«å€æŽãããã
1997幎ã«ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã倿Žãããéãšé»ãåºèª¿ã«èµ€ãã¢ã¯ã»ã³ãã«çšããã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã䜿çšãããããã«ãªã£ããããã¯ãããŒã«ãããšã®å¥çŽçµäºã«äŒŽããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãç¬èªã®ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ãæœãããšãå¯èœãšãªã£ãããšã«ããæ±ºãããããã®ã§ãããéè²ã¯ãã·ã«ããŒã»ã¢ããŒãã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãžã®é
æ
®ããšèããããŠããããã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°å
šäœã«ã€ããŠã¯åœåã®ã¿ã€ãã«ã¹ãã³ãµãŒã§ãããŠã§ã¹ããå«ãç¹å®ã®ã¹ãã³ãµãŒã®æåã«ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšããã³ã»ããã¹ã¯è¿°ã¹ãŠãããããã¹ã¯ããšã®ã»ããã®ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ãæ°ã«å
¥ã£ãŠãããä»åŸ(ä»ããŒã ãããŒã«ããã«ã©ãŒåœæã®ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®ãããª)è²ãšè²ã®å¢çãç·ã§åºåã£ããããªã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã¯èªåã®ããŒã ã®è»äœã«ã¯çšããããªãããšçºèšããŠããããã®çºèšéãã2006幎ã«ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ãè¥å¹²å€æŽããåŸããåè²ã®å¢ã¯ã°ã©ããŒã·ã§ã³ãçšãããã®ãšãªã£ãŠããããã®ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ãæœãããã«ã¯ãéåžžã®3åã®æéãšã³ã¹ããããããšèšãããŠãããã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°å¡è£
ã¯åGPããšã«è¡ãããŠããã
2015幎ããšã³ãžã³ãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒãã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãããã³ããžå€æŽãããããšã«äŒŽãã第5æŠã¹ãã€ã³GPããã°ã©ãã¡ã€ãã°ã¬ãŒãåºèª¿ãšããæ°ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã«å€æŽãããã
2016幎11æã«ãã³ã»ããã¹ãéé£ããããšã«äŒŽããç¿2017幎ãããªã¬ã³ãžãåºèª¿ãšããã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã埩掻ããã2018幎ã®MCL33ã§ã¯1968幎ãã1971幎ãšåãããã€ã€ãªã¬ã³ãžãæ¡çšãããã
äžèšããããã«ãåºæ¬çã«ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžè²ã®æä»£ãèµ€ãšçœã®æä»£ãéè²ã®æä»£ãªã©ã«åããããšãå¯èœã§ããããåäžçŽã®æŽå²ã®äžã§ã¯äŸå€ãããã1978幎çµç€ã®åç±³ã©ãŠã³ã2æŠãš1979幎ã«ãã³ã°ããŒãã§éå¬ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«è¥¿GPã§ã¯ããŒã«ãããšåãããã£ãªããã»ã¢ãªã¹åäžã®ããŒã«äŒç€Ÿã¬ãŒãã³ããã€(LöwenbrÀu)ã®æ°Žè²ãšçœã®ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã«ããŠããã»ãã1986幎ã®ãã«ãã¬ã«GPã§ã¯ããŒã«ããã®æ°è£œåããŒã«ããã»ã©ã€ããPRãããããããºãã«ã°è»ã®ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã¯æ¬æ¥ã¯èµ€ã®éšåãé»è²ã«å€æŽãããã
ããŒã«ãããšã®å¥çŽçµäºã«äŒŽãã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã倿Žãã1996幎æ«ãã1997幎åãã«ãããŠã®ã·ãŒãºã³ãªããšç¿å¹Žã®ã·ãŒãºã³ãªãããŠã§ã¹ããšã®å¥çŽçµäºã«äŒŽãã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã«å€æŽãå ãã2005幎æ«ãã2006幎ã®ã·ãŒãºã³ãªãã«ããããã¹ãã«ãããŠåŸå¹Žã®ãªã¬ã³ãžè²ã®ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ãæ«å®ã®ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ãšããŠçšããŠããã
ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®ããã«ãæ°äººãã©ã€ããŒãèµ·çšããããšã¯ãã£ãã«ç¡ãã£ããã2007幎ã«ããã«ãã³ã2014幎ã«ãã°ããã»ã³ã2016幎ã«ãã³ããŒã³(ç¿å¹Žã«ãã«åæŠ)ã2019幎ã«ããªã¹ã2023幎ã«ãã¢ã¹ããªãšãè¿å¹Žã§ã¯ã«ãŒããŒãã©ã€ããŒãèµ·çšããããšãå¢ããŠããŠããã2000幎代以åã«ã¯1995幎ã±ãã³ã®ç¶ã»ã€ã³ã1æŠã ãã®ä»£åœ¹ãšããŠèµ·çšããããšãããã
*倪åã¯ãã©ã€ããŒãºã¿ã€ãã«ç²åŸè
*æäœã«ãªã£ãŠãããã©ã€ããŒã¯ã¹ãããåæŠãªã© *æãã€ããŠããããŒã ã«è»äœãäŸçµŠ(æ¬åŒ§å
ã«äŸçµŠããè»äœã®åçªãèšèŒ)
(äž»ãªäŒç€Ÿã®ã¿)
ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã¯1980幎代ããããŒã¿åæã«ããå¹çåã培åºããŠãããã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã«ãŒããã©ã€ããŒã«åãä»ããã»ã³ãµãŒãããªã¢ãŒãã§ããŒã¿ã転éãããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã§åæããç§»åäœãã¬ã¡ããªãŒã·ã¹ãã ãæ¡çšããŠããã ãã¬ã¡ããªãŒã·ã¹ãã ã«ã¯1997幎ããæè¡ææºé¢ä¿ã«ãããã€ãã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢å€§æSAPã®é«éããŒã¿åŠçãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãSAP HANAãã䜿çšããŠãã¿ã€ã€äº€æãéšå亀æãå¿
èŠãªã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãèšç®ãããã·ã³ãæé©ãªç¶æ
ã«ä¿ã€ããã«ããŠããã
ãã®ã·ã¹ãã ããåŸãããæ
å ±ã«ãã£ãŠåæã®90%ãã¬ãŒã¹çµäºåã«äºæž¬ã§ããããã«ãªã£ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3
|
6,124 |
ãã¡ã³ã»ãããšã«ã»ãã¡ã³ãžãª
|
ãã¡ã³ã»ãããšã«ã»ãã¡ã³ãžãªã»ãã©ã¢(Juan Manuel Fangio Déramo, 1911幎6æ24æ¥ - 1995幎7æ17æ¥)ã¯ãã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³ã®ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã«ãŒã»ãã©ã€ããŒã§ãããF1ã«ãããŠ5åã®ã¯ãŒã«ããã£ã³ããªã³ã«èŒããŠããããããã¯2003幎ã«ãããšã«ã»ã·ã¥ãŒãããã«ç ŽããããŸã§ã46幎éãå²äžæå€èšé²ãèªã£ãŠããã
ããã¯ããŒã ã¯ãšã«ã»ãã¥ãšã³(ã¹ãã€ã³èªã§ããã«è¡ãã®æå³)ã
éŠéœããšãã¹ã¢ã€ã¬ã¹ãã350kmé¢ãããã«ã«ã«ã» (Balcarce) ã§ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ç³»ç§»æ°äºäžãšããŠçãŸãããç¶èŠªã¯ãã³ãè·äººã§ã6人ãããã ãã®åç·ã6æ24æ¥ã®ãèãšãã (San Juan Bautista) ã®æ¥ãã«çãŸããããšããããã¡ã³ããšåä»ããã
幌ãé ããæ©æ¢°ãããã奜ãã§ã13æ³ã«ãªããšå°å
ã®ä¿®çå·¥å Žã§æŽåå·¥ãšããŠåãå§ããããŸãããµãã«ãŒãåŸæã§ããã¬ãŒã¹ã¿ã€ã«ããããšã«ã»ãã¥ãšã³(ãã«è¡)ããšãããã åãä»ãããããè»éã§å
µåœ¹ãåãçµãããšç¬ç«ããèªåã®ä¿®çå·¥å Žã§èªåè»ãæ¹é ããŠã1934幎ããã¬ãŒã¹ã«åºå Žããããã«ãªã£ãã
äž»ã«åç±³ã§è¡ãããŠããé·è·é¢ããŒãã¬ãŒã¹ã§æŽ»èºãã1940幎ã«ã¯ããšãã¹ã¢ã€ã¬ã¹ãšãã«ãŒã®ãªããåŸåŸ©ããçŽ9,500kmã®ã°ã©ã³ãã¬ããªã»ãã«ã»ãã«ãã§åªåã1940幎ãš1941幎ã«ã¯ã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³ã®åœå
éžææš©ãå¶ãããåœæã®ã©ã€ãã«ã¯ã¬ã«ãã¹å
åŒ(ãªã¹ã«ã«ãšãã¢ã³)ã§ããã¡ã³ãžãªæŽŸãšã¬ã«ãã¹æŽŸã®ãã¡ã³ã察ç«ããã»ã©äººæ°ã¯é«ãã£ããããããç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã®äœæ³¢ã¯åç±³ã«ãåã³ã1942幎以éã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã¯äžæ¢ãããã
1947幎ããåœå
ã§ã¬ãŒã¹æŽ»åãåéãããšããšãŒãããããã²ã¹ãåæŠããã¢ããŒã¬ã»ãŽã¡ã«ãã£ããžã£ã³=ããšãŒã«ã»ãŠã£ãã£ãŒãŠããšç«¶ãåããæ¬å ŽãšãŒãããã§å®åã詊ãåžæãæã€ããã«ãªãã
1948幎10æãããšãã¹ã¢ã€ã¬ã¹ãããããºãšã©ã®ã«ã©ã«ã¹ãç®æãããŒãªã¹ã¢ã»ã«ã¬ãã©ã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã«åºèµ°ããŠãããã¡ã³ãžãªã¯ãå
ä¹±ã®åœ±é¿ã§æ¥éœå€éã®ã¹ã¿ãŒããšãªã£ããªã~ãã¥ã³ãã¹(ãã«ãŒ)ã®ã¹ããŒãžã«ãããŠãæ¿é§ã®äžã§ãªãŒããŒã¹ããŒãã§ã³ãŒããŒã«é²å
¥ããããšãåå ã§è»¢èœããã¡ã³ãžãªã¯éŠãè² å·ããäžãã³ã»ãã©ã€ããŒãåããŠãã2æ³äžã®åé·ã®å人ããããšã«ã»ãŠã«ãã£ã¢ãè»å€ã«æãåºãããŠæ»äº¡ããäºæ
ãšãªãã倧ããªã·ã§ãã¯ãåãããã¡ã³ãžãªã¯äžæã¯åŒéãèããããã®åŸç«ã¡çŽã£ããã¡ã³ãžãªã¯ããã³æ¿æš©ã®åŸæŽãåããŠèªåè»ã¯ã©ãã®ã¡ã³ããŒãšããŠãªã¹ã«ã«ããšãšãŒããããžæž¡ãã1949幎ã¯ãµã³ã¬ã¢GPãããŒGPããã«ã»ã€ãŠGPãã¢ã³ãã¡GPãªã©ã§é£åãéããåœéçãªäžæµãã©ã€ããŒãšèŠãªãããããã«ãªã£ãã
1950幎ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªãšå¥çŽããæ°ãã«éå¹ããF1äžçéžææš©ã«åæŠããã第2æŠã¢ãã³GPã§ååªåãããã«ã®ãŒGPãšãã©ã³ã¹GPãé£åããŠãã€ã³ãããªãŒãããããæçµæŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã§ãªã¿ã€ã¢ããŠããŒã ã¡ã€ãã®ãžã¥ãŒããã»ãã¡ãªãŒãã«å代ãã£ã³ããªã³ã®åº§ãè²ã£ãã
1951幎ã¯åŸåæŠèª¿åãäžããŠãããã§ã©ãŒãªå¢ãšã®äºãã«ãªã£ãããã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãšãŒã¹ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã»ã¢ã¹ã«ãªãšã®äžéšæã¡ã§è¿ããæçµæŠã¹ãã€ã³GPã¯ããã§ã©ãŒãªã®ã¿ã€ã€éžæãã¹ã«ãå©ããããèŠäºã«ã¯ãŒã«ããã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããã
1952幎ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªãæ€éããŠã·ãŒãã倱ã£ãäžã«ãééžææš©ã¬ãŒã¹ã§å€§äºæ
ã«ééãããã¢ã€ã«ã©ã³ãã§ã¬ãŒã¹ãããç¿æ¥ã¢ã³ãã¡GPã«åºå Žãããããããªãããã©ããŸã§å€éãé転ããŠã¬ãŒã¹ã«åŒ·è¡åºå Žããçµæãã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããŠé žéšã骚æãå幎éã®çé€ç掻ãéããåŒéãåããããã1953幎ã«ã¯ãã»ã©ãã£ãã埩垰ãæãããæçµæŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã§ã¯ã2幎éç¡æãç¶ãããã§ã©ãŒãªãæ¢ãã埩掻åå©ãæããã
1954幎ã¯ããã»ã©ãã£ã§éå¹2é£åããåŸããã©ã³ã¹GPããåæŠãéå§ããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãžç§»ç±ãããã¥ãŒæŠãããŒã«ã»ãã¥ã»ãŠã£ã³ã§é£Ÿããšãã·ãŒãºã³9æŠäž6åãèšé²ããŠ2床ç®ã®ã¯ãŒã«ããã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããããããããã€ãGPã§ã¯å¯æãã£ãŠããåŸèŒ©ã®ãªããã¬ã»ããªã¢ã³ãäºæ
æ»ãã倧ããªç²Ÿç¥çã·ã§ãã¯ãåããã
1955幎ã7æŠäž4åãæããŠãèªèº«3床ç®ã®ã¿ã€ãã«ãç²åŸãããã€ã®ãªã¹GPã§ã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³ã°ã»ã¢ã¹ã®å°å
ååªåãç¥ãäœè£ãèŠãããäžæ¹ãã«ã»ãã³24æéã¬ãŒã¹ã§ã¯èг客80å以äžãæ»äº¡ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒãå²äžææªã®ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ã«ééããäºæ
æ»ããããšãŒã«ã»ã«ãŽã§ãŒã®åŸæ¹ã§éäžé«ªå±æ©ããŸã¬ããããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ããŒã ãã¬ãŒã¹æ€éãæ±ºããçŽåŸãææŽããèªèº«ã®å§¿ãæããåçãæ®ãããŠããã
ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã®ã¬ãŒã¹æŽ»åäŒæ¢ã«ããã1956幎ã«ã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãªãžç§»ç±ãæçµæŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã§ãããŒã ã¡ã€ãã®ããŒã¿ãŒã»ã³ãªã³ãºãããã£ã³ã¹ãè²ããã圢ã§ãèªèº«4床ç®ã®ãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸãã(åŸè¿°)ããããããªãŒããŒã®ãšã³ãã©ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªãšã®é¢ä¿ã¯ã®ã¯ã·ã£ã¯ãã1幎éãã§ããŒã ãå»ã£ãã
1957幎ã¯ãã»ã©ãã£ã«åŸ©åž°ãã4幎é£ç¶ã®ãã£ã³ããªã³ã«èŒãããšãšãªã£ãããã®å¹Žã¯ãã€ãGPã®äŒèª¬çåå©(åŸè¿°)ãå«ãå§åçãªåŒ·ããã¿ããåºå Žããã¬ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ãªã¿ã€ã¢1åãé€ããšãå
šãŠãåªåãŸãã¯2äœã§ãã£ããã·ã¥ãããæªã å®åã¯ãããã¬ãã«ã ã£ãããå
šãŠããéãããšããéææããã¬ãŒã¹åºå Žåæ°ãæžãããŠããã
1958幎ã¯ã€ã³ãã£500ã«åææŠããç·Žç¿èµ°è¡ã§ã«ãŒããŒãã¹ããééããããå
¬åŒäºéžã«ã¯åºèµ°ããªãã£ããF1ã¯ãã»ã©ãã£ãã¯ãŒã¯ã¹æŽ»åãäŒæ¢ãããã»ã©ãã£ãã2æŠã®ã¿ã«ã¹ãããåæŠããã©ã³ã¹GPã4äœã§çµããåŸã47æ³ã§F1ããã®åŒéã衚æããã
åŒéåŸã¯æ¯åœã§ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã»ãã³ãè»ã®ãã£ãŒã©ãŒãçµå¶ããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ãšã®æ·±ãé¢ä¿ã¯ç涯ç¶ãããæ©å¹Žã¯ãã¬ãŒãã®ã¢ããã€ã¶ãŒãšããŠããªãŒããŒå
Œãã¶ã€ããŒã®ãªã©ãã£ãªã»ãã¬ãŒãã«ã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã»ãã³ã補ãšã³ãžã³ã®æèŒãé²èšãã亀æžé¢ã§ã®äŸ¿å®ãå³ã£ãããã¬ãŒãã»ãŸã³ãã®éå®ã¢ãã«"Roadster F"ã«ä»ãããã"F"ã¯ããã¡ã³ãžãªã®åããæ¬æã衚ããŠåä»ãããããã®ã§ããã
1990幎ãåœéã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒã殿å ã«æ®¿å å
¥ãã1995幎7æ17æ¥ãå±
äœå°ããšãã¹ã¢ã€ã¬ã¹ã§84æ³ã§æ»å»ããã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³ã®è±éããšããŠå€å€§ãªãæ¬æãåããŠããããšããããåœè¬ãšããåœ¢ã§æåãè¬ãããã
圌ã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã«ãããèŒãããè»è·¡ã¯ã"Fangio(éŠé¡åãã°ã¬ãŒãã»ãã©ã€ããŒã)"ãšé¡ããŠããã¥ã¡ã³ã¿ãªãŒæ ç»åãããŠãããèªèº«ãåºå Žããæ°ã
ã®ã¬ãŒã¹ãã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒæ åã®ä»ã1970幎代åŸåãŸã§ã®F1ååè² ãæ²æšãªã¢ã¯ã·ãã³ãã·ãŒã³ãªã©ãåœæã®è²Žéãªæ åãåé²ãããŠããã
ãªããåå§ååã®ç¥ãã¬ãŒãµãŒãšãªãã1980幎代ãã1990幎代ã«ãªãŒã«ã»ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ã¬ãŒãµãŒãºã®äž»åãšããŠIMSAãCARTã§æŽ»èºããã圌ã¯å®åã§ã¯ãªããããã¡ã³ã»ãããšã«ã»ãã¡ã³ãžãª2äž(Juan Manuel Fangio II ) ããšããã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ããŒã ã䜿çšããã
F1éç®24åã¯1968幎ã«ãžã ã»ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãæŽæ°ãããŸã§å人æå€åèšé²ã§ãã£ããäžæ»
ãšèšãããã¯ãŒã«ããã£ã³ããªã³ç²åŸ5åããããšã«ã»ã·ã¥ãŒãããã«æããããã46æ³ã§ã®æå¹Žé·ãã£ã³ããªã³ãšããèšé²ã¯æªã ç ŽãããŠããªã(æå¹Žé·åªåã¯ã«ã€ãžã»ãã¡ãžãªãŒãªã®53æ³)ãç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåã®ãã©ã€ããŒäžå¿ã§å§ãŸã£ãè嵿ã®F1ã§ã¯ãã®å¹Žéœ¢ã¯çãããªãã£ããããã©ã€ããŒã®äºæ
æ»ã®å±éºã極ããŠé«ãã£ãæä»£ã§ããã£ãã
åæŠ51æŠäž24åã§åç47.1%ãšããèšé²ã¯ã極端ã«åæŠæ°ã®å°ãªããã©ã€ããŒãé€ããšãå§åçãªæ°åã§ãããæ°ã
ã®F1ã®èšé²ãæŽæ°ããŠãããããšã«ã»ã·ã¥ãŒãããããã£ãŠããŠããæåŸãŸã§ãã£ã³ããªã³äºããããäžåºŠç®ã®åŒéæã«ãããåçã36.7%ã§ãããã·ã¥ãŒãããã«æ¬¡ãå婿°ã®ããã¹ããšã»ãã¯ãšãã«25.5%ã§ããããšããèŠãŠãããã¡ã³ãžãªã®åçã¯ãF1è嵿ã§ãããšã¯èšã矀ãæããŠãããåŸç¶ã®ãã©ã€ããŒãã¡ãå®å®ããäœå¶(ãã§ã©ãŒãªããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãªã©)ã§æ°åã䌞ã°ããã®ã«å¯Ÿãããã¡ã³ãžãªã¯8幎éã«4ããŒã ãæž¡ãæ©ããŠããã
ãŸãããã®ç޳士çãªäººæã§ã©ã€ãã«ãåŸèŒ©ããå°æ¬ãéããŠãããF1åŒéã¬ãŒã¹ãšãªã£ã1958幎ãã©ã³ã¹ã°ã©ã³ããªã§ã¯ãåªåãããã€ã¯ã»ããŒãœãŒã³ãæ¬æãè©ããŠãã¡ã³ãžãªãåšåé
ãã«ããããŽãŒã«ãŸã§åŸæ¹ã«åŸã£ããšãããšããœãŒãããã£ããæ²¡åŸããªããã¡ã³ãžãªã¯æ ¹åŒ·ãæ¯æãããŠããã
屿©åé¿èœåãæ¥µããŠé«ãããšã§ç¥ãããå€ãã®ãã©ã€ããŒãå·»ãæ·»ãã«ããè€åäºæ
ããäžäººã ãäºæ
ãèŠæããŠãã³ãã³å±æ©ãåé¿ããŠããã
1958幎2æããã¡ã³ãžãªã¯ãã³ã¿ã€ãã«æŠã®ãã¥ãŒãã°ã©ã³ããªã«åºå Žãããããã¥ãŒãã®éŠéœãããã蚪ãããããã£ãã«ã»ã«ã¹ããææ®äžã®ã7æ26æ¥éåãã®ã¡ã³ããŒã«ããã宿æ³å
ã®ããã«ã§ãã¹ãã«ãçªãã€ããããè»ã§é£ãå»ããããçµç¹ã®ç®çã¯ãã¥ãŒãã°ã©ã³ããªãéå¬ããããã£ã¹ã¿æ¿æš©ã®é¢ç®ã朰ãããšã«ããããã¡ã³ãžãªã¯é ãå®¶ã§æåãããŠãªãããæ«ã«ç¡äºè§£æŸãããã
é ãå®¶ã§ã®æ»åšäžãå®è¡ç¯ãã¡ã¯ãã¡ã³ãžãªã®äººæã«é
äºããããã¡ã³ãžãªã®æ¹ãã¹ããã¯ãã«ã çå矀ã®ãããªé£åž¯æãæ±ãããšã«ãªã£ãããã¥ãŒãé©åœã®æå°±ãçµãŠããã¡ã³ãžãªããã®äžãå»ããŸã§äž¡è
ã®èŠªäº€ã¯ç¶ãããšããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8C%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA
|
6,126 |
ã¢ã©ã³ã»ããã¹ã
|
ã¢ã©ã³ã»ããªãŒã»ãã¹ã«ã«ã»ããã¹ã(Alain Marie Pascal Prost, 1955幎2æ24æ¥ - )ã¯ãã¢ã«ã¡ãã¢ç³»ãã©ã³ã¹äººã®å
ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ãã©ã€ããŒã1985幎ã»1986幎ã»1989幎ã»1993幎ãš4床ã®F1ãã©ã€ããŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ã«èŒãããæç§°ã¯ããããã§ããµãŒãã
1999幎ã«åœéã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒã殿å (The International Motorsports Hall of Fame)å
¥ããã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ãã©ã€ããŒã®ãã³ã©ã»ããã¹ãã¯é·ç·ã
çŸåœ¹æã«ã¯ãã®èµ°ãããããããã§ããµãŒãã®ç°åããã£ãŠããããã«ãœã³ã»ãã±ããã€ãžã§ã«ã»ãã³ã»ã«ãã¢ã€ã«ãã³ã»ã»ããšã¯ã1980幎代ãã1990幎代ååã®F1ã代衚ãããã©ã€ããŒãšããŠãçºããŠãå匷ããããã°4ããF1å倩çãçãšç§°ããããç¹ã«ãåäžãã£ã³ããªã³äºããæŒããã»ããšã®ã©ã€ãã«é¢ä¿ã¯åºŠã
話é¡ã«æãããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯2人ã®å¯Ÿæ±ºã¯ãã»ãã»ãã察決ããšåŒã°ããã
F1ã§éç®51åããããŠããã2001幎ã«ãããšã«ã»ã·ã¥ãŒããããæŽæ°ãããŸã§æå€åèšé²ã§ããã2020幎çŸåšã§ã¯æŽä»£4äœãéç®4床ã®ãã©ã€ããŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ç²åŸã¯ãã·ã¥ãŒãããã®7åãã«ã€ã¹ã»ããã«ãã³ã®7åããã¡ã³ã»ãããšã«ã»ãã¡ã³ãžãªã®5åã«æ¬¡ãã§ãæŽä»£4äœã®èšé²ã§ãããçŸåšããã©ã³ã¹äººã§å¯äžã®F1ãã©ã€ããŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ã§ãããã
ãã©ã³ã¹äžéšãã¯ãŒã«çã®å°ããªçºã®ãå®¶å
·ãªã©ãäœã倧工ã®åãšããŠçãŸãããå°å¹Žæã¯å°å
ã®ãããµãã«ãŒã¯ã©ãã»ASãµã³ããã£ãšã³ããå¿æŽããããµãã«ãŒéžæã«ãªãããšã倢èŠãŠãµãã«ãŒã«æãæ®ããæ¯æ¥ã ã£ãã14æ³ã®æãäŒæ¥ã«å®¶æã§èšªããããŒã¹ã§ããŸããŸéã³ã§ä¹ã£ããŽãŒã«ãŒããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã®æåã®äžæ©ãšãªã£ãã
1972幎ã«ãšãŒãããã»ãžã¥ãã¢ã»ã«ãŒãéžææš©ã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ã«èŒããªã©ã1974幎ãŸã§ã«ããã©ã³ã¹åã³ãšãŒãããã®å¹Ÿã€ãã®ãžã¥ãã¢ã«ãŒãéžææš©ã§åªåã1975幎ã«ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã®ã·ãã¢ã«ãŒãéžææš©ãå¶èŠã
1976幎ã«ãžã¥ãã¢ãã©ãŒãã¥ã©ã«è»¢åããã©ãŒãã¥ã©ã»ã«ããŒã»ãã©ã³ã¹éžææš©ã«åæŠãå
š13æŠäžã¬ã¹æ¬ ã§ãªã¿ã€ã¢ããæçµæŠãé€ãã12æŠã§åå©ãæããããŒã«ã»ããžã·ã§ã³(以äž:PP)6åããã¡ã¹ãã¹ãã©ãã(以äž:FL)11åã®æçžŸã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸã1977幎ã«ã¯ããã©ãŒãã¥ã©ã»ã«ããŒã»ãšãŒãããéžææš©ã«ã¹ãããã¢ãããã6åã»3PPã»7FLãšããã§ããã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããããŸããã®å¹Žã¯ãã¬ããšãšã¹ããªã«ã§F2ã«ãã¹ãããåæŠãããããã10äœã»ãªã¿ã€ã¢ãšããçµæãæ®ããŠããã
1978幎ããšãŒãããF3éžææš©ã«ãã«ãã£ãMk21Bã»ã«ããŒã§åæŠããããå
š11æŠäž1åã1PPã»1FLã»3ãªã¿ã€ã¢(åå ã¯å
šãŠãšã³ãžã³ãã©ãã«)ãšæ¯ããããããŒã§è¡ãããF2ã«ãã·ã§ããã³B40ã»ããŒãã§åºèµ°ãããããã¡ãããšã³ãžã³ãã©ãã«ã§ãªã¿ã€ã¢ã§ãã£ãããã®å¹Žã¯ãã©ã³ã¹F3éžææš©ã«ãåæŠãããã¡ãã§ã¯ãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããŠããã1979幎ãå幎ã«åŒãç¶ããšãŒãããF3ã«ãã«ãã£ãMk27ã»ã«ããŒã§åæŠãå
š13æŠäž9åã4ããŒã«ããžã·ã§ã³ã8ãã¡ã¹ãã¹ãã©ããã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããããã®å¹Žã«ããã©ã³ã¹F3éžææš©ã«åæŠãããããé£èŠããŠããã
F3ã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ãšãªã£ãããã¹ãã¯ãæ¯åœã®F1ããŒã ã»ãªãžã§ã«å
¥ãããšãæ§ããŠããã1979幎éäžã§ãªãžã§ã®ã¬ã®ã¥ã©ãŒã§ãããããªãã¯ã»ããã€ãŠããã³ã°ã°ã©ã€ããŒäºæ
ã«ããé·ææ¬ å Žã匷ããããŠããç¶æ³äžã§ããããå®éã«ã®ã»ãªãžã§ãšäº€æžãæã£ããããªãžã§ããF3忥ãããŠã§ã¯ãä»ã«ããžã£ãããŒã»ã€ã¯ã¹ãä¹ããããšèšã£ãŠããããåè£ã¯å€ããããããšãããã¹ãã¯å€é¡ã®ã·ãŒãæãèŠæ±ãããé¡ãã¯å¶ãããã«ãªãã£ããããã«ãF3ã§9åãšå§åããããã¹ãã®æŠçžŸã«ããŒã«ãããèå³ãæã¡ãã¹ãã³ãµãŒãããŠãããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã§ããŒã«ã»ãªã«ãŒã«ã»ãµãŒãããããã¹ãèµ°è¡ããæ©äŒãèšããããã®ãã¹ãã§åããææãªè¥æãšããŠåå ããŠããã±ãã³ã»ã³ãŒã¬ã³ããéãã£ãã ãã§ãªããã¬ã®ã¥ã©ãŒãã©ã€ããŒã§ãããžã§ã³ã»ã¯ããœã³ãããéãã¿ã€ã ã§èµ°ã£ãããšããããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã¯1980幎ã®ã¬ã®ã¥ã©ãŒãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠããã¹ããšã®å¥çŽãç³ãåºãã
é广Šã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³GPã«ãŠããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã»M29ã§F1ããã¥ãŒãäºéž12äœããæ±ºå6äœãšãããã¥ãŒæŠã§ã®å
¥è³ãæãããç¶ã第2æŠãã©ãžã«GPã§ã5äœã«å
¥ã£ãä»ã第8æŠã€ã®ãªã¹GPã§6äœã第11æŠãªã©ã³ãGPã§æ°ã·ã£ã·ãŒM30ããã©ã€ãã6äœãšãåœæäœè¿·æã ã£ããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã«ãããŠ4床ã®å
¥è³ãèšé²ããã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯15äœãããŒã ã¡ã€ãã®å
茩ãžã§ã³ã»ã¯ããœã³ã«å¯Ÿããäºéžã§ã¯13å1æãšå€§ããåã¡è¶ããã
ããŒã äœè¿·æã ã£ãããšãããã·ã£ã·ãŒãé广ã®M29ã第5æŠããM29Cã第11æŠããM30ãšå€æŽç¶ãã§ãä¿¡é Œæ§äžè¶³ã§ããããã·ã³åŽã«èµ·å ããäºæ
ãæ°åçµéšã第3æŠåã¢ããªã«GPã§ã¯äºéžåæ¥ã«ãµã¹ãã³ã·ã§ã³ãã©ãã«ã§ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ãå·ŠæéŠã骚æããŠããŸãåGP決åãšç¬¬4æŠã¢ã¡ãªã«è¥¿ã°ã©ã³ããªãæ¬ å ŽãæçµæŠã¢ã¡ãªã«æ±ã°ã©ã³ããª(ã¯ããã³ã¹ã»ã°ã¬ã³)ã§ãäºéžã§ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ã«èŠèããããã¹ãã¯é éšã«åŒ·ãè¡æãåããããæ±ºåãæ¬ å ŽããŠããã
ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãšã¯è€æ°å¹Žå¥çŽããªãããŠãããããã®å¹Žå°å
ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ã«ããŒã»ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ãããªãã¡ãŒãåããŠç§»ç±ã決æããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã«ã¯ãã³ã»ããã¹ãåæµããçŽåŸã§çµç¹æ¹é©ãé²ããããŠããç¶æ³ã ã£ãããšãããããããŸã§ã®ããŒã ã»ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãšãããã¹ã«ãããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã»ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã·ã§ãã«ã¯å¥çµç¹ã§ããããšããè«çã§ãå¥çŽãç Žæ£ããã
第3æŠã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³GPã«ãŠ3äœãšãªããå衚地å°ãç²åŸã第8æŠã®æ¯åœãã©ã³ã¹GPã§ã¯ãäºéž3äœããFLãããŒã¯ããŠã®ååªåãéæããããã®åŸã第12æŠãªã©ã³ãGPãšç¬¬13æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPãé£åãããªã©ãèš6床ã®è¡šåœ°å°ã§ã©ã³ãã³ã°5äœãšãªã£ãã
äžæ¹ã§ãã·ã³ãã©ãã«ã®å€ãã«ãæ©ãŸããã衚地å°ã«ç«ã£ã6ã¬ãŒã¹ä»¥å€ã¯å
šãŠãªã¿ã€ã¢ã§ãã£ãã
é广Šåã¢ããªã«GPã»ç¬¬2æŠãã©ãžã«GPãš2é£åãæãããã¿ã€ãã«äºãã§å
è¡ãããããã·ã³ã®ä¿¡é Œæ§äžè¶³ãèªèº«ã®ãã¹ã«ããã以éã®7æŠäž5åã®ãªã¿ã€ã¢ãªã©å
¥è³ããã§ããªãã¬ãŒã¹ãç¶ããäºéžã§ã¯5åã®PPãå«ããããã³ãããŒã9åç²åŸããéããèŠããããçµå±åªåã¯åºç€ã®2åã®ã¿ãæçµçãªã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯4äœã«çãŸããã£ã³ããªã³ç²åŸã¯ãªããªãã£ãã
ãŸããããŒã ã¡ã€ãã®ã«ãã»ã¢ã«ããŒãšã®ç¢ºå·ãåããã第11æŠãã©ã³ã¹GPã§ã¯ãã¿ã€ãã«ã®å¯èœæ§ã®ãã£ãããã¹ããå
è¡ãããããããŒã ãªãŒããŒãåºãŠããããã¢ã«ããŒã¯ãããç¡èŠããŠåªåãããã¹ãã¯2äœã«çµãã£ãã
ãã®å¹Žãå
±ã«èŠªåã§ãã£ããã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãžã«ã»ãŽã£ã«ããŒãŽãšãã£ãã£ãšã»ãããŒãã®ããŒã ã¡ã€ãå士ã®ç¢ºå·ããã®çµæ«ãšããŠã®ãŽã£ã«ããŒãŽã®äºæ
æ»ããŸãããããŒããåèµ·äžèœãžè¿œã蟌ãã éšã®äºæ
ãšãã£ãåºæ¥äºãããã®åŸã®ã¬ãŒã¹äººçã«åœ±é¿ãäžããã
第3æŠã®æ¯åœãã©ã³ã¹GPã§ãã·ãŒãºã³ååå©ãPPãFLãåªåã®ãããããªãã¯ã§éæãããšã第6æŠãã«ã®ãŒGPã§ããŒã«ãã¥ãŠã£ã³ã食ããªã©4æŠé£ç¶ã§è¡šåœ°å°ãç²åŸããã¿ã€ãã«äºãããªãŒãããã以éã第9æŠã€ã®ãªã¹GPã第11æŠãªãŒã¹ããªã¢GPã§åªåãããªã©ããã©ãã ã®ãã«ãœã³ã»ãã±ã«å¯ŸãããªãŒã¹ããªã¢GPçµäºæç¹ã§ã¯14ãã€ã³ãã®ãªãŒããç¯ããŠããã
ããã第12æŠãªã©ã³ãGPã«ãŠã42åšç®ã«ãã±ãžã®è¿œãæãã詊ã¿ãŠæ¥è§Šããã·ãŒãºã³åãªã¿ã€ã¢ãå«ããããããæµããå€ãã£ãŠããŸããç¶ã第13æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã¯ãªã¿ã€ã¢ã第14æŠãšãŒãããGPã¯2äœã«çµããããã®2æŠãé£åãããã±ã«2ãã€ã³ãå·®ã«ãŸã§è©°ãå¯ããããè¿ããæçµæŠåã¢ããªã«GPã§ãæµããå€ããããšã¯ã§ãããèŠãå Žã®ãªããŸãŸã¬ãŒã¹ååã«ãªã¿ã€ã¢ã3äœã§ãã£ããã·ã¥ãããã±ã«é転ããã2ãã€ã³ãå·®ã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ãéããã
(ç¹æ®çæã®äœ¿çšçæãªã©)ãã©ãã ã®æŠéååäžã«å¯ŸããŠã«ããŒã¯æãããŸãããŠããããããŒã ã¯ææŠã®åå ãããã¹ãã«è»¢å«ããã©ã³ã¹åœå
ã§ãããã·ã³ã°ãåããããŒã ãå»ããšå
±ã«å®¶ææã£ãŠã¹ã€ã¹ãžç§»äœãããããã«ãã³ã»ããã¹ãã¢ãããŒãããããšã§ãå€å·£ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãžã®åŸ©åž°ã決ããã
æ¢ã«2床ã®ãã©ã€ããŒãºãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããŠããããã»ã©ãŠããããŒã ã¡ã€ããšãªãããã®å¹Žã¯å®å
šã«ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã«ãã£ãŠæ¯é
ãããã·ãŒãºã³ãšãªã£ããäºéžã§ã¯16æŠäž15æŠã§ã©ãŠããäžåããªã©ãçŽç²ãªéãã§ã¯å§åããããã¿ã€ãã«äºãã¯ããã¹ããåãŠã°æ¬¡ã¯ã©ãŠããã©ãŠããåãŠã°æ¬¡ã¯ããã¹ããšåžžã«äžé²äžéã®ç·è¿«ããå±éãšãªã£ãã
ããã確å®ã«äžäœå
¥è³ããã€ã³ãã皌ãã©ãŠããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«å·®ãåºããããã¹ãã¯ç¬¬14æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPããªã¿ã€ã¢ããæç¹ã§èªåãã£ã³ããªã³ã®å¯èœæ§ã倱ããããã§ã第15æŠãšãŒãããGPã§åªåãæã¿ãç¹ãã3.5ãã€ã³ãå·®ã远ãç¶æ³ã§æçµæŠãã«ãã¬ã«GPãè¿ãããèªèº«ãåªåãã©ãŠãã3äœä»¥äžãªãé転ãã£ã³ããªã³ãšããæ¡ä»¶ã®äžãã©ãŠããäºéžã§11äœã«åãããããã¹ãã¯äºéž2äœã§ããã³ãããŒãåŸããæ±ºåã§ãããã¹ãã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã®å€§åããªãŒãããŠã®åªåã食ã£ããã察ããã©ãŠãã¯åŸæ¹ã°ãªãããããã¡ã¹ãã¹ãã»ã©ãããåºããªããã®è¿œãäžããšãªãããã¡ã€ãã«ã©ããã§2äœã«æµ®äžããã§ãã«ãŒãåããããã®çµæ0.5ãã€ã³ãå·®ãšãããå²äžæå°åŸç¹å·®ã§ããã¹ãã¯ãã£ã³ããªã³ãéããããã®å¹Žã®ã·ãŒãºã³7åã¯ãåœææŽä»£1äœã¿ã€ã®èšé²ã ã£ã(察ããã©ãŠãã¯5å)ããŸããããã¹ãã®F1ãã£ãªã¢ã§å¯äžã®ã幎éãéããŠã®ç·ç²åŸãã€ã³ãã§ããŒã ã¡ã€ãã«è² ãããã·ãŒãºã³ãšãªã£ã(1988幎ã¯ã¢ã€ã«ãã³ã»ã»ãã«ãã£ã³ããªã³ã®åº§ãåãããŠããããåœæã¯æå¹ãã€ã³ãå¶(1988幎ã®å Žåã¯ã16æŠäž11æŠã®ãã€ã³ããæ¡çš)ãæ¡çšãããŠããçºã幎éãéããŠã®ç·ç²åŸãã€ã³ãã§ã¯ããã¹ãã105ãã€ã³ããã»ãã94ãã€ã³ãã§ãããã¹ãã®æ¹ã11ãã€ã³ãå€ã)
ãã®å¹ŽãŸã§ã®ããã¹ãã¯ãäºéžããéããåé¢ã«æŒãåºãæ¿ããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã ã£ããã2幎é£ç¶å
å·®ã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ãéããããšãç¹ã«ãã®å¹Žã©ãŠãã®æ±ºåã¬ãŒã¹ã«ç
§æºãåãããèµ°ãã®åŒ·ãã身ããã£ãŠäœæããããšãæèšãšãªããåŸã®ãã©ã€ãã³ã°ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã«å€§ãã圱é¿ããã·ãŒãºã³ãšãªã£ãã
ãŸãçµæè«ã§ã¯ãããã第6æŠã¢ãã³GPã§ã®è¡çºãããã£ã³ããªã³äºãã«åœ±é¿ãããšãã°ãã°è©±é¡ã«äžããããšãšãªã£ãã豪éšãšãªã£ãã¬ãŒã¹ã§ãããã¹ãã¯å±éºãªã³ã³ãã£ã·ã§ã³ã§ããããã«ã¬ãŒã¹ã®æ©æçµäºãã¢ããŒã«ãèŠå®åšåæ°ä»¥äžã§ã¬ãŒã¹ã¯æã¡åããšãªããåªåããããã¹ãã«ã¯æ¬æ¥ã®ååã®4.5ãã€ã³ããäžããããããããããããã®ãŸãŸã¬ãŒã¹ãç¶è¡ãããŠããã°ãç远ããŠããã¢ã€ã«ãã³ã»ã»ããšã¹ããã¡ã³ã»ãããã«ä»®ã«æãããŠãããšããŠããæ£èŠã®ãã€ã³ããªãã°2äœã§ã6ãã€ã³ããç²åŸã§ããã©ãŠããæããŠãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããŠããããšã«ãªãããã§ããã
é广Šãã©ãžã«GPã§åªåã幞å
ã®è¯ãã¹ã¿ãŒããåããã©ãŠãã«ã¯å幎ãŸã§ã®åŒ·ãã¯èŠãããããã®å¹Žããã£ãŠåŒéããã£ã³ããªã³äºãã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãã±ãŒã¬ã»ã¢ã«ãã¬ãŒããšã®äžéšæã¡ãšãªããå
±ã«å®å®ããæçžŸãåããŠãããã·ãŒãºã³éå§ããäžç€ã«ãããŠã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¬ãŒããã©ã³ãã³ã°ãããã«ç«ã€ããšããããªã©ããã€ã³ãæ°ã¯æ®æããŠãããã第12æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GP以éã¢ã«ãã¬ãŒãã®æçžŸã¯çªåŠä¹±ããçµç€5æŠã¯å
šãŠããŒãã€ã³ãã«çµãããããã«å¯Ÿãããã¹ãã¯ãç¹ã«äžç€ããåŸåæŠã§çå®ã«ãã€ã³ããéãããããã®å·®ãææãåããæçµçã«ã¯5åãå«ã11åã®è¡šåœ°å°ãç²åŸãã20ãã€ã³ãå·®ã§ãã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããã©ã³ã¹äººãšããŠåã®æ èªãšãªã£ãã
第3æŠãµã³ããªãGPã§ã·ãŒãºã³ååå©ãèšé²ãã第4æŠã¢ãã³GPã§ãé£åãšãªã£ãããã®å¹Žã¯ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ãã³ãå¢ã®ãã³ã»ã«ããã±ãšã®ãã£ã³ããªã³äºããšãªããç¹ã«äžç€ä»¥éãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºåªå¢ã®äžã§ã·ãŒãºã³ãé²ããã第6æŠã«ããGPããã®4æŠé£ç¶è¡šåœ°å°ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºå¢ãå
±ã«ãªã¿ã€ã¢ãšãªã£ã第12æŠãªãŒã¹ããªã¢GPã§ã®åªåãªã©ç¢ºå®ã«çµæãæ®ãããã£ã³ããªã³ã®å¯èœæ§ãæ®ãããŸãŸæçµæŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPãè¿ããã
ããã¹ãã¯ãã®æ®µéã§ã©ã³ãã³ã°2äœã®64ãã€ã³ããç²åŸããŠãããã©ã³ãã³ã°éŠäœã®ãã³ã»ã«(70ãã€ã³ã)ã«6ãã€ã³ãå·®ãã€ããããŠããããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPã§ãã³ã»ã«ãé転ããŠãã£ã³ããªã³ãšãªãã«ã¯ãããã¹ãèªèº«ãåªåãããã€ãã³ã»ã«ã4äœä»¥äžããšããå幎ãããŸã§ã®æçžŸãéã¿ãã°æ¥µããŠäžå©ãªæ¡ä»¶ãä»ããŠãããã¬ãŒã¹ã§ãã²ã«ãã«ãã»ãã«ã¬ãŒãšæ¥è§Šã32åšç®ã«äºå®å€ã®ãããã€ã³ã匷ãããããªã©èŠããå±éãšãªã£ããããã®éããã¹ãã®ã¿ã€ã€ã®æ©èãäºæ³ãäžåã£ãŠãããããã°ããã€ã€ãŒã®ã¿ã€ã€ãšã³ãžãã¢ãä»ããŒã ã«ãã¿ã€ã€äº€æã®å¿
èŠãªãããšãã倿ãäŒãããããã¬ãŒã¹çµç€ã®äºãã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒãã
ãŸã63åšç®ã«ãããŸã§ããããç¬èµ°ããŠããããŒã ã¡ã€ãã®ã±ã±ã»ããºãã«ã°ã®å³ãªã¢ã¿ã€ã€ãããŒã¹ãããªã¿ã€ã¢ãããšã64åšç®ã«ä»£ãã£ãŠãããã«ç«ã£ããã³ã»ã«ãå·Šãªã¢ã¿ã€ã€ãããŒã¹ããããªã¿ã€ã¢ãšãªã£ããããã«ããã°ããã€ã€ãŒããããã±ã®ã¿ã€ã€ã亀æããæ¹ããããå®å
šãä¿éã§ããªãããšèšããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ãã³ãé£å¶ã¯65åšç®ã«ãã³ã»ã«ã«ä»£ãã£ãŠãããã«ç«ã£ããã±ã®ã¿ã€ã€äº€æãæ¥éœè¡ãããã®éã«ããã¹ããéŠäœã«ç«ã£ãããã®åŸãçè²»ã«åé¡ãæ±ãããã·ã³ã§ãã±ã®ç远ãæããããã¹ãããã®ãŸãŸåªåãã6ãã€ã³ãå·®ãé転ããã£ã³ããªã³ãšãªã£ãã2幎é£ç¶ç座ã¯1959幎ãš1960幎ã®ãžã£ãã¯ã»ãã©ãã 以æ¥26幎ã¶ãã®å¿«æã ã£ãã
é广Šãã©ãžã«GPãå¶ãã第3æŠãã«ã®ãŒGPã§ã¯ååã»ã¹ããã¡ã³ã»ãšãã³ãœã³ãšã®1-2ãã£ããã·ã¥ã§ã·ãŒãºã³2åç®ãæãã©ã³ãã³ã°ãããã«ç«ã€ãªã©å¥œèª¿ãªåºç€ã ã£ãããå幎ãšåãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®ãã±ãšãã³ã»ã«ããã³ãã»ã¿ãŒããã¯ãŒã®åªäœãçããã·ãŒãºã³ãæ¯é
ãããããã¹ãã¯å¹Žé3åãäžãããã®ã®ãæèŒããTAGãã«ã·ã§ãšã³ãžã³ãšãã³ããšã³ãžã³ãšã®ãã¯ãŒå·®ããèŠæŠã匷ããããã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯4äœã«çãŸã£ãããããã第12æŠãã«ãã¬ã«GPã§ã®ã·ãŒãºã³3åç®ã¯ãèªèº«ã®éç®28åç®ãšãªãã1973幎ã«ãžã£ãããŒã»ã¹ãã¥ã¯ãŒããèšé²ããæå€åªååæ°27ã14幎ã¶ãã«æŽæ°ãF1å²äžæå€åå©è
ãšãªã£ãããŸããå
å®ã«ãã€ã³ãã皌ãããšã§ã·ãŒãºã³çµç€ã第14æŠã¡ãã·ã³GPãŸã§ã¿ã€ãã«ã®å¯èœæ§ãæ®ããŠããã
第15æŠæ¥æ¬GPã§ã¯ãåºç€ã®ã¿ã€ã€ããŒã¹ãã§äžæŠã¯æåŸå°Ÿ(26äœ)ãŸã§é äœãèœãšããªãããç远ããŠ7äœãŸã§æœåããã®ã¬ãŒã¹äž35åšç®ã«ããã¹ããèšé²ãããã¡ã¹ãã¹ãã©ãã1å43ç§844ã¯ãåªåãããã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãã«ã¬ãŒã®ãã¹ãã©ãã1å45ç§540ãã1.7ç§ãéããã®ã ã£ãããžã£ãŒããªã¹ãã®ã¢ã©ã³ã»ãã³ãªãŒã¯ãã®æã®èµ°ããçµ¶è³ããããã§ã«ãã£ã³ããªã³ã®å¯èœæ§ãç¡ããããŒã ãªãŒããŒãšããŠã®èªå°å¿ã ããåååã§ããã圌ã«ã¯äœã®èŠè¿ãããªããŠãæãããéãèµ°ãèœåãããããšã蚌æãããããšç§°ããã
1987幎ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã°ã©ã³ããªéå¬äžã®9æ4æ¥ãæ¥å£ããã®ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãšãã³ãã®ææºãçºè¡šãããç¿å¹Žããããã¹ãããã³ããã¯ãŒã§æŠããããšã«ãªã£ãã
ãã³ãã»RA168Eãšã³ãžã³ã«åãããŠéçºãããã¥ãŒãã·ã³MP4/4ãæå
¥ãããŒã ã¡ã€ãã«ã¯ããŒã¿ã¹ããã¢ã€ã«ãã³ã»ã»ããå å
¥ããã®å¹Žããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã¯éå¹ãã11é£åããæ°èšé²ãæš¹ç«ããããã¹ããšã»ã2人ã§å
š16æŠäž15åãæãããªã©ã·ãŒãºã³ãå®å
šã«åžå·»ãããå ããŠ15åäžã®10åã¯1-2ãã£ããã·ã¥ã§ããã3äœä»¥äžãå
šãŠåšåé
ãã«ããã¬ãŒã¹ããããªã©ä»ãå§åããã·ãŒãºã³ã ã£ãã
ããŒã äœå¶ããžã§ã€ã³ãNo.1ã ã£ãçºã2äººã¯æ¯æŠã®ããã«ããã«ãç¹°ãåºãããã€ã³ãã¯åæ£ããããã£ã³ããªã³äºãã®æäžã ã£ã第13æŠãã«ãã¬ã«GPã§ã¯ãèµ€æåã¹ã¿ãŒãã®çŽåŸã«ããã¹ããã»ãã«å¹
å¯ããè¡ãã1åšç®çµäºã®ã¡ã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒãã§ã¯ã»ããå ±åŸ©ãããã®ããã«å¹
å¯ããè¡ã£ãããããæ©ã«ããããŸã§è¯å¥œãªé¢ä¿ãç¯ããŠããã»ããšã®éã«æºãåºæ¥å§ãããã¿ã€ãã«äºãã¯çµç€ãŸã§ãã€ã蟌ããã第15æŠæ¥æ¬GPã§ã»ãã«æãããŠ2äœã«çµããããã®ãŸãŸã»ãã®åã¿ã€ãã«ç²åŸã決å®ãããããã¹ãã¯16æŠäžåªå7åã»2äœ7åãšå®å®ããæçžŸãæ®ããç·ç²åŸãã€ã³ãã§ã¯ã»ãã11ãã€ã³ãäžåã£ãŠããããåœæã®æå¹ãã€ã³ãå¶ã«ããç座ãéãçµæãšãªã£ãã
ã¿ãŒããšã³ãžã³ããNA(èªç¶åžæ°)ãšã³ãžã³ãžãšã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæ¹é©ããããã®å¹Žãããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã»MP4/5ã¯å
š16æŠäž10åããããé«ãæŠéåãæã£ãŠããããããŒã ã¡ã€ãã§ããã»ããšã®ç¢ºå·ã¯ããã®å¹Žã®ç¬¬2æŠãµã³ããªãGPã«æ±ºå®çãšãªãããã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãã«ã¬ãŒã¯ã©ãã·ã¥çäžäºæ
åŸã®åã¹ã¿ãŒãåã«ã»ããšããã¹ãã®éã«ã¯ããã¹ã¿ãŒãçŽåŸã®æåã®ã³ãŒããŒãæãããŸã§ã¯ãäºãåè² ããªãããšããã玳士åå®ããçµã°ããŠãããã¹ã¿ãŒãã§å
è¡ããããã¹ãã§ã¯ãã£ãããæåã®ã³ãŒããŒãã¿ã³ãã¬ããšãããããµãšãããã§2人ã®è§£éã«éœéœ¬ãçããã»ãã¯ããµã³ãŒããŒã§ãã£ãããšããã¹ããæãå»ã£ãŠããŸã£ã(1åç®ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãæã¯ã»ããå
è¡ããããåé¡ã¯çºçããªãã£ã)ã玳士åå®ãåæ
ã«ãããšããŠæã£ãããã¹ãã¯ã3äœãŸã§ã®å
¥è³è
ã«çŸ©åã¥ããããŠããèšè
äŒèŠããã€ã³ããããŠèªå®¶çšããªã§ãµãŒããããå»ããåŸæ¥çœ°éãç§ããããã
ããŒã 厩å£ãæãããã³ã»ããã¹(ããã¹ã¯ãã®ç޳士åå®ãé¢ç¥ããŠããªãã£ã)ã亀ããç¿é±ã®äžè
äŒè«ã§ãã»ãã¯ã玳士åå®ã¯1åç®ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã®ã¿ããåå®ã¯ããµã»ã³ãŒããŒå
¥ãå£ã®ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ãã€ã³ããŸã§ã ããšæåŒããããããã¹ã«ä¿ãããæåŸã¯æžã
ãªããéãèªãè¬çœªãããã«ããäž¡è
ã¯äžæŠåè§£ãããããããä»åºŠã¯ãåè§£æã®è©±ãåãã®å
容ãå£å€ããªãããšãã玳士åå®ãããã¹ããç Žããã»ãã®äžèª å®ãã«å¯Ÿããéé£ã亀ããªããä»çŽã¬ãããã®èšè
ã«ãªãŒã¯ã2äººã®æºã¯ããããåããããªããã®ãšãªã£ãŠè¡ãã
ãã®åŸãããã¹ã®èª¬åŸã«ãããããããããã¹ãã¯ã·ãŒãºã³äžç€ã®å°å
ãã©ã³ã¹GPãåã«ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³é¢è±ãçºè¡šã決åã¬ãŒã¹ã§ã¯äžåºŠãããããè²ããå®åãããã«ããŒãšã³ãžã³ãæãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºããå·šé¡ã®å¥çŽéããªãã¡ãŒãããããæçµçã«ãã§ã©ãŒãªãžã®ç§»ç±ã決æããã§ã©ãŒãªã®å°å
ã€ã¿ãªã¢GPãåã«æ£åŒçºè¡šãããã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã§ãåªåã食ãããã³ãã®èšå¿µãã¹ã50åç®ã¯ãæ¢ã«ãã§ã©ãŒãªãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®èгè¡ã«ç±çæè¿ãããããã¹ãã«ããéæãšããçµæã«ãªã£ãããã®éã衚地åŒã®æã«å¥çŽäžããŒã ã®ææç©ã§ããåªåãããã£ãŒãå°å
ã®ãã¡ã³ã«æãäžããŠããŸããããã¹ãäžå¿«æã瀺ããããŸãã床éãªããšã³ãžã³åŸ
éå·®å¥çºèšã«æ¥ãç
®ãããŠãããã³ãã®æããé ç¹ã«éããããã¹ããžã®ãšã³ãžã³äŸçµŠåæ¢ãéåããŠãããåŸæ¥ããã¹ãã¯ããããã£ãŒãã¬ããªã«ã§ãåŒåããããšãšãã«ããã³ãã«ãè¬çœªããã
æ¥æ¬GPã®äºéžã§ã¯ãã»ãã«1ç§ä»¥äžã®å·®ãã€ããã2äœã«ãªããããã¹ãã¯ãŠã£ã³ã°ãè¥å¹²å¯ããã¹ãã¬ãŒãã§ã®ã¹ããŒãã䌞ã°ãã»ããã£ã³ã°å€æŽãããããŒã°ãªããäžã§æ±ºæããã æ±ºåã¬ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã§ã»ãã®åã«åºãããã¹ãã¯ãã»ããã³ãŒããŒã§æ¥è¿ããŠãçŽç·ã§åŒãé¢ãããšããå±éãç¶ãããã®ãããªç¶æ
ã47åšç®ãŸã§ç¶ãããããã®åšåã®æçµã³ãŒããŒæåã®ã·ã±ã€ã³ãã€ã³åŽã«å¯ããŠè¿œãæãããšããã»ããšãã¢ãŠãããã³ãŒããŒã«ã¢ãããŒãããããã¹ããæ¥è§Šããäž¡è
ã¯äžŠãã§ã³ãŒã¹äžã«åæ¢ãå³åº§ã«ãã·ã³ãéããããã¹ãã¯ã³ã³ãããŒã«ã¿ã¯ãŒãžåãããæ¥è§Šã®åå ã¯ã»ãã®ç¡è¬ãªè¿œãè¶ãã«ãããšéé£ãããäžæ¹ã³ãŒã¹ã«åŸ©åž°ããããã§ãã§ãã«ãŒãåããã»ãã¯ãã¬ãŒã¹åŸã«ãã³ãŒã¹åŸ©åž°æã®ã·ã±ã€ã³äžééããçç±ã«å€±æ Œã®è£å®ãäžããããããã«å¯ŸããŠå€ãã®ãã©ã€ããŒãããã·ã±ã€ã³ãééã§ããªãã£ããšãããã·ã³ãUã¿ãŒã³ããã³ãŒã¹ã«æ»ãã®ã¯å±éºã§ããããšã¹ã±ãŒãããå®å
šã«ã³ãŒã¹ã«åŸ©åž°ããã»ãã®è¡çºãå±éºãšèŠãªãã®ã¯ããããããšããæè°ããªããããããã»ãã®å€±æ Œã®çç±ã¯ãæŒããã(ããã¯å
ã
ã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§çŠæ¢ãããŠãã)ãã«å€æŽãããã
æ¥è§Šãããããããã¹ããšã»ãã®ã©ã¡ããæªããã§ã¡ãã£ã¢ããã¡ã³ã®éã§è«äºãç¶ãããããã¹ãã¯ã¬ãŒã¹åã«ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«å¯ŸããŠãã»ãã«å¯ŸããŠãããã¢ã¯éããªã(è²ããªã)ããšå®£èšããŠããããããå®è¡ãã圢ãšãªã£ãã2é±éåŸã®æçµæŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GP決åã¯ã豪éšã®ããå±éºãããããšããŠããã¹ãã¯æ£æš©ããããã¿ã€ãã«ãäºãã»ããéšäžã§ä»è»ã«è¿œçªããªã¿ã€ã¢ãããŒãã€ã³ãã«çµãã£ãããã«æ¥æ¬GPã§ã®ã»ãã®è£å®çµæãåŸ
ããã«ã3床ç®ã®ã¯ãŒã«ããã£ã³ããªã³ãç²åŸããã
ããã¹ãã¯ãã£ã³ããªã³ã«äžããããã«ãŒãã³ããŒ"1"ãæåç£ã«ãã§ã©ãŒãªã«ç§»ç±ããã€ãžã§ã«ã»ãã³ã»ã«ãããŒã ã¡ã€ããšããŠãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã«æ®ã£ãã»ããš3幎é£ç¶ã§ãã£ã³ããªã³äºããç¹°ãåºããããšãšãªãã
ãã¥ãŒãã·ã³ãã§ã©ãŒãª641ã§è¿ããé广Šã¢ã¡ãªã«GPã¯æ£ã
ãªçµæã ã£ããã®ã®ãç¶ã第2æŠãã©ãžã«GPã§ã¯ãéŠäœã®ã»ããšäžå¶æã®æ¥è§Šäºæ
ã®åŸã«éŠäœã«ãã¡ãç§»ç±åŸååå©ããããã第6æŠã¡ãã·ã³GPã§ã¯13äœã¹ã¿ãŒããªãããã¿ã€ã€ç¡äº€æäœæŠã§é äœãäžããŠé転åªåããããããã3é£åãç¹ã«ç¬¬7æŠãã©ã³ã¹GPã§ã®æ¯åœåªåã¯ããã§ã©ãŒãªã«ãšã£ãŠF1éç®100åç®ã§ãã£ãã第8æŠã€ã®ãªã¹GPçµäºæç¹ã§ã¯äžæŠã©ã³ãã³ã°ãããã«ç«ã€ãããã®å¹Žã¯ã»ããå®å®ããŠæçžŸãåããŠããã第9æŠãã€ãGP以éã¯å床ãªãŒããèš±ããã åœæã¯ç»æçãªã»ããªãŒãããæ¡çšãã空åã§ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ãé§ãã§ãããšãããã
第13æŠãã«ãã¬ã«GPã§ã¯äºéžã§ãã³ã»ã«ãPPãç²åŸãããã¹ãã2äœã§ããã³ãããŠãç¬å ããããæ±ºåã¹ã¿ãŒãã§ãã³ã»ã«ãããã¹ãã«å¹
å¯ãã(ãã³ã»ã«ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹åŸæ
æã§ã¯ãªãã£ããšéæ)ãäºéžã§ã®å¥œèª¿ãç¡é§ã«ããããã«3äœãš5äœã«é äœãäžããå±éãšãªã£ãŠããŸã£ããçµæçã«ãã³ã»ã«ã¯æœåãåªåãæã«ããããããã¹ãã¯ãã³ã»ã«ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã§ã®è¡åãã³ã³ãããŒã«ã§ããªãã£ããã§ãŒã¶ã¬ã»ãã£ãªãªãªç£ç£ã®ãããŒãžã¡ã³ãèœåãçãå§ãããã£ãããšãªã£ããç¿å¹Žããã£ãªãªãªã«ããŒã ã匷ãããåããªããšæãå§ããã®ã¯ãã«ãã¬ã«ã§ãã³ã»ã«ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒããå¶åŸ¡ã§ããªãã£ãã®ããã£ããã ãããšåçœããããšã«ãªãã
第14æŠã¹ãã€ã³GPã§ã·ãŒãºã³5åç®ãæããŠæã¿ãç¹ããã»ãã9ãã€ã³ãããªãŒãããç¶æ³ã§ç¬¬15æŠæ¥æ¬GPãè¿ãããã¹ã¿ãŒãã§ã¯ããã¹ããå
è¡ãããã第1ã³ãŒããŒãžé²å
¥ããéã«ãå
è¡ããŠããã¢ãŠãåŽã®ããã¹ããã€ã³åŽããã»ããæŒãåºã圢ã§ãªã¿ã€ã¢ãšãªãããã£ã³ããªã³ãéãããšãšãªã£ããåããµãŒãããã§åããã©ã€ããŒå士ãã2幎é£ç¶ã§æ¥è§ŠããŠã®ãã£ã³ããªã³æ±ºå®åãšèšãåŸå³ã®æªãçµæ«ãšãªã£ãã1幎åŸã«ã»ãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒãçŽåŸãæ
æã«ã¶ã€ãããããšãèªããŠããã
1991幎ã®ãã§ã©ãŒãªã¯ãå幎ã®ãã·ã³641/2ãã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³æ¹èšã«åãããŠ642ãšããŠæå
¥ããã¬ã·ãŒãºã³ã®ãã¹ãçµæã¯å¥œèª¿ã§ãã£ãããéå¹ããŠã¿ããšåªåäºãã«ã¯å ãããçµæãäŒžã³æ©ãã ã
641/2ããã¹ããã³ããªã³ã°ãã·ã³ãšèšãããã®ã«å¯Ÿãã642ã§ã¯æ°ã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ãããŠã€ã³ã°å¹
ããã£ãã¥ãŒã¶ãŒã®çž®å°ãªã©ã§ããŠã³ãã©ãŒã¹ãæžå°ããããããããŸã§ã®ãã³ããªã³ã°ã®ããã倱ãããæŠéåãæ¬ ãããšãšãªã£ããæèŒããTipo037ã»V12ãšã³ãžã³ãéãã銬åã§ãã³ãRA121Eãšã³ãžã³ãã«ããŒRS3ãšã³ãžã³ããå£ãã¯ãããããšãäžå©ã«åããããã§ã©ãŒãªã®å°å
ãšãªã第3æŠãµã³ããªãGPã§ã¯ãã¹ã³ãŒã«ã«ããæ¥æ¿ã«æ¿¡ããè·¯é¢ã§ãã©ãŒã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ã©ããäžã«ã¹ãã³ããŠã³ãŒã¹ã¢ãŠããå«ãããã®ãŸãŸDNS(æªåºèµ°)ãšãªã£ãŠããŸã倱çããã£ãã第4æŠã¢ãã³GPåŸã«ã¯ãå幎çµç€ä»¥åŸããã¹ããšæèŠã察ç«ããã¥ãŒãã·ã³ã®å°å
¥ææãèŠèª€ã£ããã§ãŒã¶ã¬ã»ãã£ãªãªãªç£ç£ã5æ14æ¥ãã§ã©ãŒãªåç· åœ¹äŒè°ã«ããæŽè¿ãããã
7æã®ç¬¬1é±ã«éå¬ããããã©ã³ã¹GPã§æ°å643ã宿пå
¥ãããããé广Šã«æã¡èŸŒãã 642ã®å®æãåãæ¥ãããã§å®è³ª3ã¶æãšããçæéã§è£œäœãããçµç·¯ãæã¡ãååãªäºåãã¹ããåºæ¥ãªããŸãŸå®æŠããã¥ãŒãããããåŸãªãã£ãããã©ã³ã¹GPã§ã¯ãããã¹ããäºéž2äœããã¹ã¿ãŒãããã¬ãŒã¹åºç€ãã³ã»ã«ãšåªåäºããæŒããŠåŸ©èª¿ãæããããã以åŸã¯ãŸãäžäœã«æ²ã¿ãããŒã ãšã®é¢ä¿ã¯æªåãããå€ã®é«é3飿Š(ãã©ã³ã¹ã»ã€ã®ãªã¹ã»ãã€ã)ã§ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã»ãã³ããšã¯æŠãããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã«ããŒã«ã¯æ¯ãç«ããªãã£ãã以åŸã®åŸåæŠã§ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã«ãæ¯ãç«ããªããªãã
第15æŠæ¥æ¬GPã4äœã§å®èµ°ãããããã®çµäºåŸã«ãä»ã®ãã§ã©ãŒãªã¯èµ€ãã«ããªã³(倧åãã©ãã¯)ã ããšçºèšããããšã§ãã§ã©ãŒãªéŠè³ã®éé±ã«è§ŠããæçµæŠãåŸ
ããããŠããŒã ããå¥çŽè§£é€ãèšãæž¡ãããè§£éãšãªã£ãããã£ãªãªãªã®åŸä»»ãšããŠãã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãããŒãžã³ã°ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«å°±ããŠããå
ã©ã³ãã¢ã®ã¯ã©ãŠãã£ãªã»ãã³ãã«ãã£ã¯ãããã¹ãã¯ããŒã ã®å€ã«åããŠãèŽåœçãªã³ã¡ã³ããåºããããããšè§£éçç±ãèªã£ããçµå±ãã®å¹Žã¯ããã¥ãŒã€ã€ãŒä»¥æ¥11幎ã¶ããšãªããåªåã1床ãç¡ããäžæ¬æãªæçžŸã«çµãã£ãã
ãã§ã©ãŒãªè§£éåŸã¯èªããŒã çµæã«åããŠåããèŠãããã«ããŒãšã³ãžã³ãæèŒãããªãžã§ãè²·åããããã®äº€æžãè¡ããèªããªãžã§ã»JS37ã®ãã¹ããã©ã€ããããããŸãããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³æä»£ã®ãã¶ã€ããŒã§ãããžã§ã³ã»ããŒããŒããšå
±ã«ãã ã¹GBãæ¯äœãšããæ°ããŒã èšç«ã詊ã¿ãããšã¿ãããšã³ãžã³äŸçµŠãåŒãåºãããšåãããããããããããå®çŸã«ã¯è³ãããçµå±1幎éã®äŒé€ã衚æããã©ã³ã¹ã®ãã¬ãå±ã®F1äžç¶è§£èª¬è
ãšããŠæµªäººç掻ãéãããšã«ãªã£ãã
ãã®äžæ¹ãæ°Žé¢äžã§ã«ããŒã®ä»²ä»ã«ãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãšæ¥è§Šãã1993幎ããã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»ã«ããŒãžã®å å
¥ãçºè¡šãããæåŒ·ãã·ã³ãæ±ããã»ãã亀ããã·ãŒãäºå¥ªæŠã®çµæããã®å¹Žã®F1ã¯ãŒã«ãã»ãã£ã³ããªã³ã«èŒãããã³ã»ã«ããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãå»ããCARTã·ãªãŒãºãžè»¢åããçµæãšãªã£ãã ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºãšã®å¥çŽæ¡é
ã«ã¯ã»ãã®ããŒã å
¥ããæåŠããæ¡é
ããã£ããšãããã»ãã¯å
¬ç¶ãšããã¹ããæ¹å€ããã 1å¹Žã®æµªäººç掻ãããããããŒã ãžãšè¿ãå²ããã ããããªãããã®ããã¹ãããã³ã»ã«ãã»ããšãã3åã®ãã£ã³ããªã³å士ã«ããã·ãŒãäºãã§ã¯æ¿æ²»çãªåããå£éèŠããããã¹ãã®å°è±¡ã¯è¯ããªããã®ã ã£ãã
å幎ã«å§åçãªãã·ã³æ§èœå·®ãèŠãã€ããããŒã ãšã3床ã®ãã£ã³ããªã³ãšããçµã¿åãããèªçãã ãéå¹åã®äºæ³ãšã¯è£è
¹ã«ããã¹ãã«ãšã£ãŠæ±ºããŠæ¥œãªå±éã«ã¯ãªããªãã£ãã
ã·ãŒãºã³ååæŠã¯ãŠã§ããã¬ãŒã¹ãé£ç¶ããããšããããéšã®ã¬ãŒã¹ãåŸæãšãããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®ã»ãã«æŽ»èºãèš±ãã埩垰第1æŠãšãªãé广Šåã¢ããªã«GPãã幞å
è¯ãåå©ããããç¶ã第2æŠãã©ãžã«GPã§ã¯ãããèµ°è¡äžã®ã¬ãŒã¹äžç€ãçªç¶ã®ã¹ã³ãŒã«ã«å¯ŸããŠããŒã ãšã®ç¡ç·é£çµ¡ãé¯ç¶ããŠã¿ã€ã€äº€æã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãéžããæãå¥ã«ã¢ã¯ã¢ãã¬ãŒã³çŸè±¡ã§ã³ã³ãããŒã«ã倱ãã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããŠãªã¿ã€ã¢ã«çµãããæŽã«ç¬¬3æŠãšãŒãããGPã§ã¯éšãéã£ããæ¢ãã ãã®ã³ã³ãã£ã·ã§ã³ã«ç¿»åŒãããŠ7床ã®ãããã€ã³ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠã»ãã«æšæ(çµæã¯3äœ)ã第6æŠã¢ãã³GPã§ã¯ããŒã«ããžã·ã§ã³ãç²åŸããããã¹ã¿ãŒãã§ãã©ã€ã³ã°ãšå€å®ãããããã«ãã£ã¹ããããåœããããéã«ãšã³ãžã³ãã¹ããŒã«ãããŠå€§ããã¿ã€ã ãã¹ã2åšé
ãã®æäžäœãããã¡ã¹ãã¹ãã©ãããèšé²ããªãã远ãäžãããã®ã®ã1åšé
ãã®4äœã«çµãã(ããã¹ãèªèº«ã¯1993幎ã®ãã¹ãã¬ãŒã¹ããã¢ãã³GPããšçºèšããŠãã)ããã®åŸã¯ç¬¬7æŠã«ããGPã§åªåããŠãã€ã³ããªãŒããŒã«è¿ãå²ããšã第10æŠãã€ãGPã«ãããŠèªå·±æå€ã®4é£åãèšé²ããã€ãGPã§ã¯éç®51åç®ãæããããçµæçã«ãããçŸåœ¹æåŸã®åå©ãšãªãã
ãããäžç€æŠä»¥éããã«åæŠå幎ã§ãã£ãããŒã ã¡ã€ãã®ãã€ã¢ã³ã»ãã«ãçµéšãç©ããšå
±ã«æ¬¡ç¬¬ã«ããã¹ãã«å¯ŸããŠçãå¥ãåºãã«ãå§ãããããã¹ãã®å°å
ã§ãã第8æŠãã©ã³ã¹GPã§èªèº«åã®ããŒã«ããžã·ã§ã³ãç²åŸããã®ãç®åãã«ã第11æŠãã³ã¬ãªãŒGPãã第13æŠã€ã¿ãªã¢GPãŸã§3é£åã食ããªã©ãçµç€æŠãŸã§ã¿ã€ãã«äºãããã€ããããšã«ãªã£ãããã£ã³ããªã³æ±ºå®ç®åã§ãšã³ãžã³ãããŒã«çµãã£ãã€ã¿ãªã¢GPåŸã«æèšããããã¹ãèªèº«ã®ã³ã©ã ã«ã¯ããã€ã¢ã³ã®ååšãçå£ã«åã®å¿ãæ»ãããããã ããšããã
ããã¹ãã®å®å
šãªç¬èµ°ãšã¯ãªããªãã£ãèŠå ãšããŠã¯ãåããŠçµéšããã¢ã¯ãã£ããµã¹ãã³ã·ã§ã³ã®æåã«æ
£ããã®ã«æéãèŠããããšããã©ã€ãã«ããŒã ããã€ãã¯è£
眮ãè£
åããŠãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã®åªäœæ§ãçž®å°ããããšããŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºã»FW15Cã®ã¯ã©ããã®æ±ãã«æãããäœåºŠããšã³ãžã³ã¹ããŒã«ãæŒããŠå€§å¹
ã«é äœãèœãšããäºãæ°åºŠãã£ãããšãããã«ãã£ããã©ãã«ã§ãã€ã³ãã倱ã£ãããšãªã©ãããã
第14æŠãã«ãã¬ã«GPãè¿ããããã¹ãã¯ã1幎éæ
éã«èæ
®ããŠããçµæããšããŠåœå£éãã§ã®çŸåœ¹åŒéã衚æãããåŸã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ã¯ã·ãŒãºã³åã«èµ·ããFISAã®ã¹ãŒããŒã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹çºçµŠæåŠéšåããäžå¯è§£ãªããã«ãã£ãªã©ã§ç²Ÿç¥çã¹ãã¬ã¹ãæºãŸã£ãŠããäºãã»ã®ãããããããããããšã«å«æ°ããããŠç²ããŠããŸã£ãããšèªã£ãããŸããããŒãã¬ãŒã¹äžçéžææš© (WGP) ãã£ã³ããªã³ã§ãããŠã§ã€ã³ã»ã¬ã€ããŒã9æ5æ¥ã®æ±ºåã¬ãŒã¹äžäºæ
ã§å身äžéãšãªã£ãããšããèªèº«ã®èº«äœçã«è¯ãç¶æ
ã§åŒéããããšããæ°æã¡ã«ã€ãªãã£ããšãèªããæ¬æ¥ã¯ãã£ã³ããªã³ç²åŸåŸã«çºè¡šããæåã ã£ãããç¿å£ã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãºå
¥ããå
å®ããŠããã»ããå
èµ°ã£ãŠæ
å ±ãæŒããããããã¬ãŒã¹åã«èšè
äŒèŠãè¡ã圢ãšãªã£ãã
ãã«ãã¬ã«GPã§ã¯2äœã«å
¥è³ãã4åç®ã®äžçãã£ã³ããªã³ã®åº§ãç²åŸããããã®æç¹ã§ã¯ãã¡ã³ãžãªã®5åã«æ¬¡ãæŽä»£2äœã®èšé²ã ã£ãããã§ãã«ãŒãåããåŸãã³ãŒã¹äžã«ãã£ãŠæ¥ããã¡ã³ããææž¡ããããã©ã³ã¹åœæãæ²ããŠèµ°è¡ããã
ãã®åŸã®ç¬¬15æŠæ¥æ¬GPãšæçµæŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPã§ã¯å
±ã«ã»ãåªåãããã¹ã2äœã§çµãã£ããæçµæŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPã§ã®è¡šåœ°å°ã§ã¯ããã¹ã®ä»²ä»ã§ã»ããšæ¡æãããŠã¿ããããã®è¡šåœ°åŒçŽåããã«ã¯ãã§ã«ã¡å
ã§ã¯ããã¹ãå«ãã3äººã§æ¡æãããŠããã
å幎ã·ãŒãºã³ãªãã«ã¯ã»ãããã«ããã®ã»ãã¢ã³ãã¬ã¢ã»ãã»ãã§ã¶ãªã¹ããã£ãªããã»ã¢ãªãªãŒããžã§ããŒã»ããŒããŒãããšå
±ã«ããªã«ãŠã«ãŒã倧äŒã«åå ããããåå®å
±ã«æåŸã®ãã»ããã察決ããšãªã£ãã
1994幎ã¯ããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®ãã¹ããã©ã€ãã«åå ãæ°è»MP4/9ã®ã·ã§ã€ã¯ããŠã³ãTF1ã®ãã¬ã解説è
ãšããŠãµãŒãããã«åž¯åããµã³ããªãã°ã©ã³ããªã§ã¯ãããªãŒèµ°è¡äžã®ã»ãã«ç¡ç·ã§ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒããŠãããã»ãã®æ»åŸã«ããã¹ãåŸ©åž°èª¬ãæµããäºããã£ãããããã¹ãã¯åŒ·ãåŠå®ããã
ãã©ã€ããŒåŒéåŸãã«ããŒã®ã¢ããã€ã¶ãŒã«å°±ä»»ããã«ããŒèŠªå倧䜿ããæåœãèªèº«ãåºæŒããã«ããŒã»ã«ãŒãã·ã¢ã®ãã¬ãCMãæ¥æ¬ã§ãæŸæ ãããŠãããããéãã§ããªããããªçŽ°ãæ²ããããã£ãäžæ¹éè¡ã®éãééã£ãŠå¯ŸåããŠãã女æ§ãã©ã€ããŒã®ããã«ãããã¹ã(ãã«ãŒãã·ã¢ã«ä¹ã£ãŠãã)ããã®å¥³æ§ãã©ã€ããŒã®ã«ãŒãã·ã¢ãçã¹ããŒãã§ããã¯ãããŠããããšããå
容ã®CMã ã£ãã
ã«ããŒãšã®å¥çŽã1995幎åã°ã§æã¡åããããã¹ãã¯å幎ã®ã€ã¿ãªã¢GPçµäºåŸããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã®ãã¹ããã©ã€ãã«åå ããããçŸåœ¹åŸ©åž°ãããšéšãããããçµå±ãã¯ãã«ã«ã»ã¢ããã€ã¶ãŒå
Œãã¹ããã©ã€ããŒãšããŠããŒã ã«å å
¥ããã1996幎2æã«ã¯æ°è»MP4/11ã®ã·ã§ã€ã¯ããŠã³ãåã·ãŒãºã³ã®ãã¹ããæ
åœããã
äžæ¹1995幎æ«ã«ã¯ããã§ã©ãŒãªã®ç£ç£ã§ä»¥åãã芪亀ã®ãã£ããžã£ã³ã»ãããããããããšã«ã»ã·ã¥ãŒãããã®ãµããŒã圹ãšããŠãã§ã©ãŒãªã§ã®çŸåœ¹åŸ©åž°ãæã¡ãããããäºããã£ãããèŸéããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãããšãããã
ãã©ã³ã¹ã®æ°·äžã¬ãŒã¹ã§ãããã¢ã³ããã¹ã»ãããã£ãŒãã«ãã³ãã³åæŠãã2006-2007ã2007-2008幎ã·ãŒãºã³ã¯ããšã¿ã»ãªãŒãªã¹ã2011-2012幎ã·ãŒãºã³ã¯ããã¢ã»ãããžãŒãé§ã£ãŠç·ååªåè
ãšãªã£ãŠããã
1997幎ã«ãªãžã§ãè²·åãF1ããŒã ã®ãªãŒããŒãšãªãããããã¹ãã»ã°ã©ã³ããªããšæ¹åãã°ã©ã³ããªã«åæŠããããã®å¹ŽF1ã«åå
¥ããããªãã¹ãã³ã¿ã€ã€ã®æ§èœããããåæŠ2æŠç®ã§ãªãªããšã»ããã¹ã衚地å°ãç²åŸããç¿3æŠç®ã«ã¯äºéž3äœãç²åŸãããªã©ãããã¥ãŒã€ã€ãŒãšããŠã¯äžå®ã®æŽ»èºãèŠãããããããã®å幎ããæ¢ã«å¥çŽã決ãŸã£ãŠããããžã§ãŒã®é¢ä¿è
ããã¡ã¯ããªãŒã«æããç¡éãšã³ãžã³ãåæã«èŠããããšãªã©ãããããç¡ééŠè³ãæ¿æãããã1998幎ã«ã¯ããžã§ãŒãšæãçµãã§ãªãŒã«ãã¬ã³ãããŒã ãšãªã£ããã奜æçžŸã«ã¯ç¹ããããçµå±2002幎åãã«ããŒã ã¯ç Žç£ã®æãç®ã«ãã£ãã
2003幎ããã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã®æ°·äžã¬ãŒã¹ãã¢ã³ããã¹ã»ãããã£ãŒã«ãªãã«ã»ã¢ã¹ãã©ã§åæŠã2004幎ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ããšã¿ã®æ¯æŽãåŸãŠãããšã¿ã»ã«ããŒã©ã§åæŠããŠãããããšã¿ãšã®é¢ä¿ãåºæ¥ãããšãããããšã¿F1ããŒã ã®ã¢ããã€ã¶ãŒå°±ä»»ãå ±ããããããšããã£ãããå®çŸã¯ããŠããªãã
2005幎ããã¬ãŒã³ã¿ãŒãšããŠãã©ã³ã¹GPã蚪åãä¹
ã
ã«F1ã®èå°ã«å§¿ãçŸããåªåããã«ããŒã®ãã§ã«ãã³ãã»ã¢ãã³ãœã«ãããã£ãŒãææž¡ããããŸãã¢ãã³ãœã¯ãã®å¹Žãããã¹ããæãããªãã£ããã«ããŒã®ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãã£ã³ããªã³ç²åŸãã«è²¢ç®ããŠããã
ãŸããã®å¹Žã¯ãExagonãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ãããã¯ã©ã€ã¹ã©ãŒãã€ããŒGTS-Rã§ããžã£ã³ã»ããšãŒã«ã»ãžã£ãã€ãŒãŠãããŒãããŒãšããŠãã©ã³ã¹GTéžææš©ã«åæŠã9æã®ã«ã»ãã³ãš10æã®ãã=ã¯ãŒã«ã§ã¯ããžã£ãã€ãŒãŠã«ä»£ããå®åã®ãã³ã©ãããŒãããŒãšããŠããã
2006幎ã«ã¯ãã«ããŒF1ã®æ¥ç£ãã©ã³ããžã®å€æŽãšã¯å¥ã®è©±ãšããŠãæ¥ç£ãšçµãã§F1ã«åæŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšåãããã
2007幎ã«ã¯ããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã»ããŒã ã®ãã©ã€ããŒéã®å¯Ÿç«(ãã³ã»ããã¹ãæšã·ãŒãºã³ãã£ã³ããªã³ã®ã¢ãã³ãœãå·®ã眮ããŠãã«ãŒããŒã§ããã¹ãšåãã€ã®ãªã¹äººã®ã«ã€ã¹ã»ããã«ãã³ã«è©å
¥ãããŠãããšãããåé¡)ã«é¢ããã以åã«ãããã¹ã¯èªåããã»ããèŽå±ããŠããããšãèªãã®çµéšã«åºã¥ããçºèšã幟床ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã«æµããã
2009幎ã«ã¯ããã¢ãšæãçµã¿ãæ°·äžã¬ãŒã¹ãã¢ã³ããã¹ã»ãããã£ãŒãã«åæŠããã¹ã¿ãŒã§2009-2010ã·ãŒãºã³ã¯ç·å2äœã2012ã·ãŒãºã³ã«ã¯ãããžãŒã°ã¬ã€ã¹ã§ç·å1äœã®æçžŸãããããã
2014幎ããã¯ããã©ãŒãã¥ã©Eã«åæŠããe.DAMSã«å
±åãªãŒããŒãšããŠåå ãåããŒã ã¯ãã³ã©ããã©ã€ããŒãšããŠèµ·çšããŠããã芪åã¿ãã°ãå®çŸããŠããããŸããããšäžŠè¡ããŠã«ããŒã®ãã©ã³ãã¢ã³ããµããŒãåããã
2016幎ããã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ã«åŸ©åž°ããã«ããŒF1ã«ã¯å幎床ã¯é¢äžãããç¿2017幎ããã¹ãã·ã£ã«ã¢ããã€ã¶ãŒã«å°±ä»»ããŠãããããŒã ãã¢ã«ããŒãF1ãšãªã£ãŠãããåŒãç¶ãããŒã éå¶ã«é¢äžããŠãããã2021幎æ«ã«ããã¹ãã¯å¥çŽãæã¡åãããŒã ãé¢è±ããã
ã«ããŒæå±æãŸã§ã¯äºéžéèŠã®ã¢ã°ã¬ãã·ããªèµ°ãã§ãã£ãããããã»ã©ãŠãã«ãã£ã³ããªã³äºãã§å
å·®ã§æããŠããã¯æ±ºåã¬ãŒã¹ãããéèŠããã¹ã ãŒãºãªå æžéãšè¿œãæããæŠåšã«ãã€ã³ããéããã¬ãŒã¹æŠç¥ãæ¡ãããã«ãªã£ããã©ã€ãã«ã®ååãå«ããã¬ãŒã¹å±éå
šäœãèæ
®ããå®å
šããŒãžã³ãåãã€ã€ããå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠããŒã¹ãäžãããããªç¡é§ã®ãªãã¬ãŒã¹å
容ãéãããã¡ãããããã§ããµãŒããšåŒã°ããã»ã©ã«ãªã£ãããã®é ãããã¡ã¹ãã¹ãã©ãããå€ãç²åŸããããã«ãªã£ãã
ãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã§é»éæãå
±ã«ç¯ãããã·ã³ãã¶ã€ããŒã®ãžã§ã³ã»ããŒããŒãã¯1987幎ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ããã¢ã©ã³ã»ããã¹ãã®èœåã¯åªããŠããããã¶ã€ããŒåŽã®æ ¹æ¬çãªãã·ã³èšèšãã¹ããã®ã»ããã£ã³ã°èœåã§ã«ããŒããŠããŸãããã·ã³ãé ãåŽããããããšãŠãé£ããçžæã§ããããããšè¿°ã¹ã1990幎ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ãããç§ã¯1989幎ã«ãã§ã©ãŒãªãé¢ããæ±ºå¿ãããŠãããããã®å€ã«ããã¹ãããã§ã©ãŒãªã«æ¥ããšãã話ã«ãªã£ããåœŒãæ¥ãã°ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãã·ã³ã¯åœŒã®ã»ããã¢ããèœåã«ãã£ãŠã¿ã€ãã«ãäºããè»ã«ä»äžããã ãããç§ã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãªã«æ®çããããšãçå£ã«èããããããšè¿°ã¹ããããã¹ãã¯ãã·ã³ã»ããã£ã³ã°ã®ãææ¬ããšçºèšããŠããã
1986幎ã®ããŒã ã¡ã€ããã±ã±ã»ããºãã«ã°ã®è§£èª¬ã«ããã°ãåç®ã«ã¯ã¹ã ãŒãºã«èŠããããã¹ãã®ã³ãŒããªã³ã°ã¯ããã¬ãŒãããããªããŸãŸæ²ãã£ãŠãããæ²ãããªããããã¯å¯žåãŸã§ãã¬ãŒããããäžæ°ã«è»¢åããããããå
šéã§å éããç¬ç¹ãªãã®ã§ãããºãã«ã°ãç䌌ãããã©ãããŠãåºæ¥ãªãã£ããšãããããºãã«ã°ã¯ä»ãå ããŠãèšæ¶åãšåæèœåãšããéèŠãª2ã€ãç¹ã«åãã£ãŠãããã©ããã©ãã»ããã£ã³ã°ãããããããã¿ã€ã ã«ãªãããšããããšããã¹ãŠèšæ¶ããŠããŠå®è·µã§ãããããã¯ãã®ãããèœåã ã£ãããšèšŒèšããŠããã
ããºãã«ã°ã®æ¬¡ã«ããŒã ã¡ã€ããšãªã£ãã¹ããã¡ã³ã»ãšãã³ãœã³ã䌌ã蚌èšãããŠãããããã·ã³ãã»ããã£ã³ã°ããŠãããšããããã¹ãã«ã¯ç¬èªã®çè«ãšç¥æ§ããã£ãããããã©ãŠããšçµãã ãšãèŠããããšãªã®ãå€ããªããã©ããšã³ãžãã¢ã¯åœŒã®èšã£ãŠããããšãèããŠãã®éãã«ããã ãã§ãããã ããã¹ãŠåœŒã®èšã£ããšããã®çµæã«ãªããã ããããã®èšæ¶åã¯ãã°ã§èŠãŠããŠã·ã§ãã¯ãåãããã圌ã®ä»äºãèŠãŠåŠã¶ããšãå€ãã£ããåã®ããšãã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã«å å
¥ããã»ããåãããã«ã¢ã©ã³ããåŠãã ã ãããšç¢ºä¿¡ããŠããããšè©±ãã
1987幎ã«ãšãŒãããã©ãŠã³ããçµããäžå¶æãä»å®®çŽã«ããåæãåããéãF1ã«æ¥ãŠå°è±¡ã«æ®ã£ãããšãåããããåãã¡æ¥æ¬äººãã©ã€ããŒã¯å¯å£«ãéŽé¹¿ãããããèµ°ã蟌ãã§èªåã®(ã»ããã£ã³ã°ã®)圢ã£ãŠã®ãäœãã§ãããããã¹ãã£ãŠãã©ãã«è¡ã£ãŠãããã«ãã®åœ¢ãã§ãã¡ãããããäžäœã©ããªã£ãŠããã ããã?ããšä»ããŒã ãªããé©ãããšèªã£ãŠããã
ããã¹ãã¯ãããŒã ã¡ã€ãçšã®ã»ããã¢ããã§ãã®ãŸãŸèµ°ããã®ã¯ã©ãŠããšã»ãã ãããšçºèšããŠããããã·ã³ã®æã€æå€§æ§èœãåŒãåºãã»ããã£ã³ã°ã¯3人ãšãåãæ¹åã§ãã£ããæåŸã®ããŒã ã¡ã€ããšãªã£ããã€ã¢ã³ã»ãã«ã¯ãåãã»ããã£ã³ã°ã§èµ°ã£ãŠããããã¹ãã®ãã³ãã«æäœã極ããŠå°ãªãããšããã¬ã¡ããªãŒããŒã¿ããç¥ããããã¹ãã®èµ°æ³ãåŠã¶ããã«ãªã£ãã
ãã¥ãŒãã©ã«ã¹ãã¢ã®ãã·ã³ã»ããã£ã³ã°ã奜ã¿ãå°ãªããã³ãã«æäœéã«ããã¿ã€ã€ãå·ãã«ããèµ°ãã身ã«ã€ããŠããããã®ã¿ã€ã€ãåŽãã£ãŠèµ°ãæè¡ã掻ããããäŸã1986幎æçµæŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPã§ãããæ¥è§Šãã¡ãŒãžã®ããããã¹ãã¯ã¬ãŒã¹äžç€ã«ãããã€ã³ãããããã®éã«äº€æããã¿ã€ã€è¡šé¢ã®ç¶æ
ãæ³å®ããè¯å¥œã ã£ãã®ã確èªããã°ããã€ã€ãŒã®ã¿ã€ã€ãšã³ãžãã¢ããã¿ã€ã€ã¯äº€æããªããŠã倧äžå€«ãããããªãããšä»ããŒã ã«ã€ã³ãã©ã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããããšãããã³ã»ã«ã®ã¿ã€ã€äº€æãããªãããšãããŠã€ãªã¢ã ãºããŒã ã®å€æã«ã€ãªãããçµæçã«ãã³ã»ã«ã¯çµç€ã¿ã€ã€ã®ç¶æ
ãå³ãããªãããŒã¹ãããªã¿ã€ã¢ãšãªã£ãããã³ã»ã«ã¯ãã£ã³ããªã³ãéãããã®ã¬ãŒã¹ãé転åå©ããããã¹ããã¯ãŒã«ããã£ã³ããªã³ãšãªã£ãã1987幎ãš1988幎ã®ãã©ãžã«GPã§ã¯çæã®äžãã©ã€ãã«ããã1åå°ãªãã¿ã€ã€äº€æã§åªåããŠããã1989幎ã®åã°ã©ã³ããªã§ã¯ãäºå®ãããŠãã2åç®ã®ã¿ã€ã€äº€æãåºæ¥ã(ã¯ã©ãããã©ãã«ã®åœ±é¿)ãåºç€ã«äº€æããã¿ã€ã€ã§æåŸãŸã§èµ°ãåã2äœãç²åŸããããã®ã¬ãŒã¹åŸããã¹ãã¯ãåªåããå¬ãã2äœããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
åŸè€æ²»(å
ãã³ãF1ãããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒ)ã¯ã¡ãã£ã¢ãå©çšããŠãã³ãæ¹å€ãããããã¹ãã«è¯ãå°è±¡ãæã£ãŠãããããã®ãã©ã€ãã³ã°ã«ã€ããŠãâãããã§ããµãŒ(ææ)âãšåŒã°ããŠãããããã»ã©å®åããããé¢ããããã¯ããŒã ãçãããããã¹ãã¯è¥ãæããããã¯ã«ãã«ä¹ãç¶ããããäœéšããã£ã±ãããŠããŠãã©ãããæ¹åã«ã¯ã«ããã»ããã¢ããããã°è¯ãã®ãçµéšçã«ããã£ãŠããã®ã財ç£ã1989幎ã«ããã¹ãã¯å éã§ã»ãã«è² ããããããã³ããâãšã³ãžã³æäœããŠããâãšæ¹å€ããçºèšãç¹°ãè¿ãããã§ããããŒã¿ãèŠããšã»ããé«å転ãŸã§äœ¿ã£ãŠããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠããã¹ãã¯äœ¿ããŠãªããã§ããããã®æã¯ããNAãšã³ãžã³ã«ãªã£ãŠããŠã(ã¿ãŒãæä»£ãšéã£ãŠ)çè²»ã¯é¢ä¿ãªãããå転ãæããŠèµ°ã£ãŠãæå³ããªããã§ãããã¹ãã¯çå±ãåãããã«èµ°ã£ãŠã¿ãŒãæä»£åæ§ã«å転ãæããŠèµ°ã£ãŠããããã¡ãåŽãããã®æè¡çãªããšã説æããããšããŠãèãããšããªãããèå³ããªããæã
ãå°ã£ãŠããã®åœæMP4/5ããŸã ã¢ããã°ã®ã¿ã³ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã§ãããããâãã®å転æ°ãŸã§å¿
ãåŒã£åŒµãããã«âãšããç®çã代ããã®ã¹ããã«ãŒã貌ã£ãŠããããã§ãããã¡ãããéåžžã«éããã©ã€ããŒã§ãããã¿ã€ã€ã®äœ¿ãæ¹ã¯æçŸ€ã§ããã§ããä»(2004å¹Žåææ)ãªããã£ã³ããªã³ã«ãªããªãã§ãããããšå³ããè©ããŠããã
ããã¹ããèªåçšãšã»ãè»ãšã®éãã«çå¿µãæ±ãã¯ãããã®ã¯1989第5æŠã¢ã¡ãªã«GPã§ããã§ããã¯ã¹åžã®ãã«è¡ãé£ã³äº€ã黿³¢ãã»ãè»ã®ãšã³ãžã³ã®ECUãçãããŠãªã¿ã€ã¢ã«è¿œã蟌ãŸãããšããçãããã©ãã«ãèµ·ãã£ãããã®çç¶ã¯ã»ãè»ã®ã¿ã§ããã¹ãè»ã«ã¯çºçããªãã£ãããšãããããã¹ãã¯èªåã®ãšã³ãžã³ãšã»ãã®ãšã³ãžã³ã®ECUãåäžã§ã¯ãªããšèãããã³ããã»ããåªéããŠãããšäž»åŒµãããã£ããã®äžã€ãšãªã£ãããã®å éããã³çè²»æ§èœã®å·®ç°ã«ã¯åŸå¹ŽãçŽåŸããŠããããããã³ãã¹ã¿ããã¯89幎ã®ãšã³ãžã³çè²»ã«ã€ããŠç¹°ãè¿ããã©ã€ãã³ã°ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã®éãã ãšèª¬æããŠããŒãã®ã¹ãããã«ã®äœ¿ãæ¹ã®ããã§8%çè²»ã(ã»ãããã)æªããªã£ãŠãããšèšã£ããã§ããã¬ã¡ããªãŒè§£æãèŠãŠã¿ãã°2人ãšãåã11800å転ãŸã§äœ¿ãåã£ãŠããããã»ãã¯åã®ã¹ãªããã¹ããªãŒã ãã軜ã
ãšæããŠè¡ãããã©åã¯ãã®éã¯ã§ããªãããšã³ãžã³ãã®ãã®ã¯äºäººãšãåãã ã£ããšåãæããã©ãåé¡ã¯çè²»ãããŒãžã¡ã³ãã·ã¹ãã ã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãããã«ãã£ããã·ãŒãºã³çµäºåŸã«ã¯åœŒã(ãã³ã)ã¯ããã«ã¯éãããã£ãããšããŒãã«çœç¶ãããã ãããã¬ã¹é¢ä¿è
ã«ããã¯ã©ãŒã¬ã³ã«ãããããã¯ç¥ãããŠããªããšèšã£ãŠãããããšçããŠããæºã«ã€ããŠèªããä¿¡é Œé¢ä¿ã厩ããŠãããšèšŒèšããŠããã
ããããŠ1989幎ã®çŸå Žã§æèŠã®çžéããã£ãããããã¹ãã¯ãã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠã®ãªã¹ãã¯ããç¡ãããèš³ã§ã¯ãªãã1992幎ããã£ãŠF1ãæ€éãããã³ãã1998幎ã«ç¬¬3æF1掻åã®å§åãå ±ããããéã«ã¯ããã§ã«èªèº«ãããã¹ãã»ã°ã©ã³ããªãªãŒããŒãšããŠF1ã«åæŠãéå§ããŠãããããä»åã®ãã³ãã¯åŒ·åãªã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãšçµãã§åŸ©åž°ãšãã宿ãªéãéžã°ãªãã£ããããããã°ãã³ãã¯ããããããã«ãŸãF1ã§åã€ã¬ãã«ã«éãããšæããã©ãããããªãã£ããããã¯çŽ æŽããããã£ã¬ã³ãžã ããF1ã«ãšã£ãŠãã³ããæ»ãã®ã¯çŽ æŽãããäºã ãç§ã¯ãã³ãã®æ±ºæã«å¿ããã®æ¬æã衚ãããããšãšãŒã«ãè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ããã¹ãã¯éšã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã極端ã«èŠæãšããŠããããšè©ãããããšãå€ããéšãå«ãããã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯ãåŸè¿°ãããã£ãã£ãšã»ãããŒããšã®äºæ
(1982幎)ã奿©ãšãªã£ãŠãããæ¬äººã«ãããšãããŒãã®äºæ
ã«ééãããŸã§ã¯ãéšã®æ¹ãåŸæã ã£ãããŸããæ»ãããšãåé¡ãªã®ã§ã¯ç¡ããåè»ã®æ°Žç
ãåæ¹èŠçã奪ã£ãŠããŸããªã¹ã¯ãæããŠããããšèªã£ãŠãããããã蚌æããããã«1984幎ã¢ãã³GPã§ã¯éšã®ãªãåªåã1988幎ã€ã®ãªã¹GPã§ã¯è±ªéšã®äžãè¯ããšãããªãèªäž»çã«ãããã€ã³ããªã¿ã€ã€ããããæ¬¡ã®ãã€ãGPã§ã¯èŠçã«åœ±é¿ããªãçšåºŠã®ãŠãšããã»ã³ã³ãã£ã·ã§ã³ã§ãã£ããããã»ãã«æ¬¡ã2äœã§ãã£ããã·ã¥ããŠããã1989å¹Žã®æçµæŠãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢GPã§ã¯ããŸãã«ãæ¿ããéšã ã£ããããä»ã®ãã©ã€ããŒã«åºèµ°ãåããããããã¹ã¿ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã°ãªããäžãäžå°äžå°æ©ããŠåãåããããè¡ãã匷è¡ããã2åç®ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãåŸãããã¹ãã ãããã·ã³ã«ä¹ããªãã£ããããŒããŒã»ãšã¯ã¬ã¹ãã³ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã ãã§ãããŠã»ãããšèª¬åŸãããããã¬ãŒãµãŒã¯ãã®ãã¯ããã¯ã§çµŠæãããã£ãŠããã ããããªæŽªæ°Žã®äžã§æéãªããé¢ä¿ãªããããªããããšæããã¶ã€ãææãæ²ããªãã£ãããã®ä»ãéšã ã£ã1991幎ãµã³ããªãGPã1993幎ãã©ãžã«GPããšãŒãããGPãæ¥æ¬GPã§åå©ãéããŠããã
1982幎ã®è¥¿ãã€ãGP(ããã±ã³ãã€ã ãªã³ã¯)ã第1æ¥ç®ããªãŒèµ°è¡ã¯èŠçãæ¥µç«¯ã«æªãé§éšã®äžã§è¡ãããããã¹ã¿ãžã¢ã ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³æåã®ã¹ãã¬ãŒãã§ã¹ããŒããŠã³ããåè»ãããã¹ãã远ãæãããšãããåŸãããã¢ã¿ãã¯äžã ã£ããããŒãããããèŠèªã§ããããããŒãè»ã®å茪ãããã¹ãè»ã®å³åŸèŒªã«ä¹ãäžããäºæ
ãçºçããããŒãè»ã¯ããã¹ãè»ãé£ã³è¶ããŠåæ¹ã®è·¯é¢ã«å©ãã€ãããããããŒãã¯äž¡è¶³ãåæå¯žåã®è€é骚æãè² ããã¬ãŒãµãŒçåœãçµ¶ããããšããæšäºã«çºå±ããŠããŸããããã¹ãã«é倱ã¯äžåãªãã£ãããäºæ
çŽåŸã«ç®ã®åœããã«ãã芪åãããŒãã®æšç¶ãããã®åŸã®äººçã«ãããŠå€§ããªãã©ãŠããšãªã£ãã
2012幎ã®ãF1éå ±PLUSãVol.28ã«ãããŠãã1980幎ã®F1第14æŠã¯ããã³ãºã»ã°ã¬ã³(決åã¯æ¬ å Žãã)ã§äºéžæ¥ã«ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããéã«åŒ·ãé éšãæã¡ãå³ç®ã®èŠåãäœäžããŠããŸã£ãããšããããšãçºèŠããŠããããšãã«éšã§æ¥ç
§ããªãèæãã³ã³ãã£ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯åãããèŠããªãã£ããšãããçŸåœ¹æä»£ã®ããã¹ãã¯ãã®çç¶ãæ±ããŠããäºãå
¬è¡šããŠããªãã£ãã
ãã®ã»ãããµãŒãããã³ãŒã¹ã®å¥œã¿ã§ã¯ãããããã€ãåžè¡å°ã³ãŒã¹ã¯å«ãããšçºèšããããšãããã
ã«ãŒãã³ã㌠8(1980幎) 15(1981-1983幎) 7(1984幎) 2(1985ã1989ã1993幎) 1(1986ã1987ã1990幎) 11(1988幎) 27(1991幎)
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88
|
6,128 |
æ¥æ¬ã®ããéçéžæäžèЧ
|
æ¥æ¬ã®ããéçéžæäžèЧ(ã«ã»ãã®ããããã
ããããã
ãã¡ãã)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ããéçã®éžæã»ãã§ã«åŒéããå
éžæãããŒã å¥ããã³äºåé³é ã«ããäžèЧã
(çå£åµç«é )
(çå£å:äºåé³é )
(çå£åµç«é )
(çå£åµç«é )
(çå£åµç«é )
(çå£åµç«é )
(çå£åµç«é )
(çå£å:æåšå°é )
äžåºŠãæ¯é
äžç»é²ãããè²æã§åŒéããéžæã¯æ¥æ¬ããéçã®è²æéžæäžèЧãåç
§ã
ç»é²åã®äºåé³é ã倪åã¯çŸåšNPBã«åšç±ããŠããéžæã以äžãåç
§ã
äžã®äººç©ã幎äžã
(æ²èŒãããŠããªãäºäŸãããã°é©å®è¿œå ããé¡ãèŽããŸã)
倪åã¯çŸåœ¹éžæã
(æ²èŒãããŠããªãäºäŸãããã°é©å®è¿œå ããããããé¡ãèŽããŸã)
å·Šãå
ãå³ãåŒã
ãªã©ãå
åŒã¹ããŒãéžæäžèЧãåç
§ã
2009å¹Žã«æ¥æ¬å¥³åããéçæ©æ§ãèšç«ãã以äžã®å
効ããéçéžæãèªçããã
ãŸããååå
åŒãããéçéžæã«ãªã£ãäŸãšããŠã¯ä»¥äžã®äŸãããã
ãã®ã»ãããååã®äžæ¹ãã«ã€ããŠã¯äžèšéžæã®äŸãããã
å·Šãç¶ãå³ãåãå®ã®èŠªåã®ã¿èšèŒãåšå©¿(äžèšåç
§)ãé€åçžçµ(èå·å - èå·å°ãäžå®
å®
äž - äžå®
宿ºãªã©)ãé
å¶è
ã®é£ãå(éæå
ä¹ - éæå
æã»éæå
圊å
åŒãã¢ã¬ãã¯ã¹ã»ã©ãã¬ã¹ - ã¢ã¬ãã¯ã¹ã»ã©ãã¬ã¹ã»ãžã¥ãã¢ãªã©)ã¯é€å€ã
ä»
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E9%87%8E%E7%90%83%E9%81%B8%E6%89%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7
|
6,129 |
ã¢ãŒãã«ãã«ãã»ã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒ
|
ã¢ãŒãã«ãã«ãã»ã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒ(Adalbert Stifter, 1805幎10æ23æ¥ - 1868幎1æ28æ¥)ã¯ããªãŒã¹ããªã¢ã®å°èª¬å®¶ã颚æ¯ç»å®¶ãäžæé©åœãæ®å¢ºæŠäºãªã©æ¿æ²»çãªæ¿åã®æä»£ã«ãã£ãŠãè±ããªèªç¶æåãšãšãã«èª¿åçãªäººéåã远æ±ããç©ãããªäœåãå·çãããäž»èŠãªèäœã«ãç¿äœéããç³ããŸããŸããæ©å€ãããŽã£ãã£ã³ãŒããªã©ãããã
åœæãªãŒã¹ããªã¢é ã ã£ãåãããã¢ã®ãªãŒããŒãã©ãŒã³(çŸ:ãã§ã³é ãã«ããŒã»ãã©ããŒ)ã®éº»åžç¹ããå¶ã蟲家ã®é·ç·ã¢ã«ãã«ãã»ã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒ(Albert Stifter)ãšããŠçãŸãããå
å®ãªå°åžæ°çé°å²æ°ã®å®¶åºã®äžãç¹ã«æ¬èãªæ¯ãšæ°äžãªç¥æ¯ãšããå¿æ
çãªåœ±é¿ãåãããšãšãã«ã森ã«å²ãŸããèªç¶ã®è±ããªç°å¢ã享åããªããè²ã£ãã12æ³ã®ãšããç¶ã麻åžãç©ãã è»ã®äžæ·ããšãªãäºæ
ã§æ»å»ã以åŸç¥ç¶ã®ä»äºã®æäŒãã«å±ããã1819幎ã®ç§ã«ãªãŒã¹ããªã¢ãã¯ã¬ãŒã ãã¥ã³ã¹ã¿ãŒã«ãããããã£ã¯ã掟ã®ä¿®éé¢åŠæ ¡ã«å
¥ãããã§7幎éåŠãã ãåå°ããã¯ãèªç¶ã«æµãŸããå°åã§ãããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã¯å€§èªç¶ã«æ·±ã芪ãããšãšãã«æåŠãèžè¡ã«è§Šãã颚æ¯ç»ããã®ããã«æãå§ãããä¿¡ä»°ã«åããååŠã«ãããŠãåªããæçžŸãäžããŠããã
1826幎ããŠã£ãŒã³å€§åŠã«å
¥ãæ³åŠãå°æ»ããããæ³åŠã«éããèªç¶ç§åŠã®è¬çŸ©ãå€ãåãã€ã€ãèžè¡éœåžãŠã£ãŒã³ã®é³æ¥œãæŒåãçŸè¡ãªã©ã«è§ŠãããæåŠã§ã¯ãã®ææã«ãžã£ã³ã»ããŠã«ãèœèªã圱é¿ãåããŠããããæåŠè
ãšããŠåããªãããšã¯èãããèªåã¯ç»å®¶ã«ãªãã¹ã人éã ãšèããŠããããŸãçèšã®ããå®¶åºæåž«ãšãªã£ãŠäžæµéçŽã®å®¶ã«ãåºå
¥ãããåªããæåž«ãšããŠè©å€ããšã£ããã®ã¡ã«ã¯å®°çžã¡ããã«ããã®åæ¯ãªãã£ã«ãã®æåž«ãåããŠãããåšåŠäžãã°ã©ã€ãã«å®¶ã®åšãã¡ããŒãšæä»²ã«ãªãçµå©ç³ã蟌ã¿ãè¡ããäž¡èŠªã®æçµ¶ã«äŒãå·å¿ãçµéšããã
ç»å®¶å¿æãåºããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã¯ãå®¶åºæåž«ãç¶ãã€ã€çµµç»å¶äœã«ç±å¿ã«å±ãã ããã ãã«çµµã®è²·ãæãã€ãããã«ãªãå±èЧäŒã«ãåºåã1837幎ã«ã¯ã¢ããŒãªãšã»ã¢ãŒããŠãããšçµå©ããããçæŽ»ã¯ããŸã äžå®å®ãªãŸãŸã§ãã£ããããã1840幎ãå¶ç¶ããã£ãããšãªã£ãŠæåŠè
ã®éãæ©ã¿ã¯ãããããšã«ãªãããã®å¹Žã®æ¥ã«ããç·çµå€«äººã蚪ããŠããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã¯ããã®å®¶ã®åšã«ãã£ãŠããã±ããã«äžžããŠçªã£èŸŒãã§ãã£ãæžãããã®çç·šã®åçš¿ãçºèŠãããæãè¡ãã§ãããæèªããããããªããªã£ãããã®äœåãã³ã³ãã«ã(Der Condor)ãç·çµå€«äººã«ãã£ãŠããŠã£ãŒã³èžèéèªãã«æ²èŒãããŠå¥œè©ãåŸãããã«ãã£ãŠäœå®¶ãšããŠã®èªèŠãåŸãã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã¯ç¶ç¶çãªæåŠäœåå·çãã¯ãããããŠã£ãŒã³æä»£ã®äœåã¯ãç¿äœéã(Studien, 1844-1850)ãšããŠ6å·»æ¬ã«ãŸãšããããŠããã1846幎ã«ã¯ãµãã³ã§äŒã£ãã°ãªã«ãã«ãã¡ãŒããäœåã«å¯Ÿããè³è³ãåããã
1848幎ãããªãŒã¹ããªã¢åéšã®ãªã³ãã«ç§»äœããã®å¹Žãäžæé©åœã«ããäžçžã®æ··ä¹±ã«ç²Ÿç¥çåæºãèŠããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã¯ãçã®äººéãã€ããããåºç€æè²ã«æºãããããšèããããã«ãªãã1850幎ãããªã³ãã®å°åŠæ ¡èŠåŠå®ã®ä»»ã«ã€ããã以åŸ16幎éãã®è·ã«åŸäºãã€ã€ãäœæãå©çšããŠå·ç掻åãç¶ããã1853幎ãç³ã«ã¡ãªãã 衚é¡ãæã€5ç·šãããªãäœåéãç³ããŸããŸã(Bunte Steine)ãåºçãããããèªç¶ãžã®æ·±ãçæ¬ãšäººéæ§ãžã®åžæ±ã®å¿µã蟌ããããäœåã§ãããåºæã§ã¯äººéäžçãå°ããç©ãããªæ³åããéããŠèªå·±ã®èžè¡çä¿¡æ¡ãè¿°ã¹ãã1857幎ãã¢ã«ãã¹å±±éºã«ãã€é€šãèå°ã«ããæé€å°èª¬ã®ä»£è¡šäœãæ©å€ããåºçãææ©å¹Žã«ã¯12äžçŽãããã¢ãèå°ã«ããæŽå²å°èª¬ã®å€§äœããŽã£ãã£ã³ãŒã(1865-1867幎)ãèããã
ã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒå€«åŠ»ã¯åäŸã«æµãŸãããäºäººã®é€å¥³ãåã£ãŠããããããã«ãå
ç«ããå¯ããæ©å¹Žãéã£ããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã¯1867幎ã«è硬å€ãæ£ããããŽã£ãã£ã³ãŒãã¯ç
èŠã«çµ¶ããªããã®å·çã§ãã£ããã1868幎1æ25æ¥æ·±å€ãã26æ¥æªæã«ãããŠã®æå»ã«ãç
ã®çã¿ã«èããããªããªã£ãŠååã§é žéšãåãããã®ãŸãŸæèãæ»ãã1æ28æ¥ã«æ»å»ããã
ããåæã®äœåã«ã¯ãžã£ã³ã»ããŠã«ããE.T.A.ãããã³ãªã©ã®ããã³äž»çŸ©ããã®åœ±é¿ãæ¿ãçŸããŠãããããããŠå®¢èгçæäœã«ãããªã¢ãªãºã ã«ç§»è¡ãã粟緻ãªèªç¶æåã®ãªãã§äººéã®éããªå¶ã¿ãæãã ãããã«ãªã£ããç»å®¶ã§ããã£ãã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã¯æåŠäœåã®ãªãã§ãæ
é·ã®æ£®ãç¹°ãè¿ãæããŠããããã®å€§èªç¶ã®æåã¯çŸãããšãšãã«äººéãããã€ããªãå³ããã衚çŸãããŠãããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã¯ããããã§ãããµããæ¥åžžçãªãã®ã«ããå倧ãªãã®ãããããããšèããŠããããã®ããè±éã®è¶
人çãªè¡çºãããããããµãã人ã
ã®æ¥åžžçãªè¡çºã«ããããããè³ªçŽ ã»ç¯åºŠã»å
å·±ãå°èª¬ã®é¡æãšããŠéžãã ã
åœæã®æ¿æ²»çãªæ¿åã«çŽæ¥åãããã«ãå€å
žççŽ é€ãããšã«èª¿åç人éåã远åããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã®äœåã¯äžé¢ã§ã¯åæä»£çãªãã®ã§ããã ãåæä»£ã®ãããã«ã¯åœŒãç£æ«äž»çŸ©ãšåŒãã§æ¹å€ãã代衚äœãæ©å€ãã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãéèªããè
ã«ã¯ããŒã©ã³ãã®çå ãé²åãããããšé
·è©ããã
ãããäžæ¹ã§å²åŠè
ããŒãã§ã¯ããæ©å€ãããç¹°ãè¿ãèªãŸãããã«å€ãããã€ã19äžçŽåŸåã®åªããæ£æã§ãããšçµ¶è³ãããã€ããã¬ãŒããŸãåŠçæä»£ããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã«èŠªããã§ããããšã¯ããç¥ãããŠãããäžäŸã«ãããŒãã§è¬çŸ©ãã®ãªãã§ã¯ãããŒãã§ãã¯ãŒã°ããŒçãªãã®ã®å¯Ÿæ¥µã«äœçœ®ã¥ããã¹ããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã«èšåããŠãããããŒãã¹ã»ãã³ã¯ããããã¡ãŠã¹ãã¥ã¹å士ãã®æç«ãã®ãªãã§ããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã¯äžçæåŠã®æã泚ç®ãã¹ããæã奥深ããæãå
å¯ãªå€§èããæã€ãæãäžæè°ãªæåãäžããå°èª¬å®¶ã®äžäººã§ããã(äœè€æäžèš³)ãšè³è³ãããç¿äœéããç³ããŸããŸããæ©å€ãããŽã£ãã£ã³ãŒããªã©ã®è«žäœåãçæ¶¯ã«æž¡ã£ãŠæèªãããªã©ããã®äœåã¯åŸäžã®èäœå®¶ãããã°ãã°çæ¬ãæã£ãŠèªãããŠããããŽã£ã«ãã«ã ã»ãã«ããŽã§ã³ã°ã©ãŒã¯ããããŒããŒãŽã§ã³ã®ãç°åããæ¯ãããã«ã¯ãã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒãèªãã§ãããã°ãªããªããšä¿¡ããŠãããããšé²é³æåž«ã®ããªãŒããªãã»ã·ã¥ãããã«èªã£ããšããã
æ¥æ¬ã«ãããã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒã®äœååå®¹ã®æŽå²ã¯å€§æ£æä»£ã«é¡ããå 蟰éã¯ãæ§å¶é«æ ¡æä»£ã®ææ¥ã§ã嬿šæã(Der Hochwald)ãè¬èªãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããä»¥åŸæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ã»ãŒãã¹ãŠã®å°èª¬ã翻蚳ãããŠãããçŸä»£æåŠã®äœå®¶ã§ã¯ããã€ãæåŠè
ã§ãããäœå®¶å€äºç±åãã·ã¥ãã£ãã¿ãŒããé·å¹Žæå¥œããäœå®¶ããšåŒã³ãå°èª¬ããšãã»ã€ã§ãã°ãã°ãã®äœåã«èšåããŠããã
ãçæ¶¯ãã®ç¯ã¯äž»ã«å²©æ³¢æåº«ãæ°Žæ¶ ä»äžç¯ã(1993幎)ã®è§£èª¬ã«ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%95%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC
|
6,130 |
éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡
|
éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡(ãŸã»ããããããã¢ãã¡)ããããã¯é女ã£åã¢ãã¡(ãŸããã£ãã¢ãã¡)ã¯ãéæ³ãªã©ç¥ç§çãªåãæã€éæ³å°å¥³ã䞻圹ãšããæŽ»èºãåŒãèµ·ããããéšåãããŒããšããã¢ãã¡ã®ãžã£ã³ã«ã®äžçš®ã
ç©èªé¡åãšããŠã¯ãšããªãã€ããžãã¯ã®æŽŸçã§ãã©ãããããã£ãŠããéæ³äœ¿ãã®å°å¥³ãæ¥åžžã®éšåãéæ³ã§è§£æ±ºãããšãããã®ãã¢ã€ãã«ã«ãªã£ãп޻èºãããªã©å°å¥³ã®ãŸãŸã§ã¯ã§ããªãããšã幎é·ã®å¥³æ§ã«å€èº«ããããšã§å®çŸãããšãããã®ãªã©æ§ã
ã§ãããçŸå°å¥³ãå€èº«ãæµãšæŠãæŠéçŸå°å¥³ç©ã®äžã«ãéæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ãšã¿ãªãããäœåãããã
æåã®éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ã¯ãéæ³äœ¿ããµãªãŒã(1966å¹Žãæ±æ åç»)ãä»ã«ãã²ã¿ã€ã®ã¢ãã³ã¡ããã(1969å¹Žãæ±æ åç»)ããçŸå°å¥³æŠå£«ã»ãŒã©ãŒã ãŒã³ã(1992å¹Žãæ±æ åç»)ãªã©ãæåã§äž»ã«å°å¥³åãã¢ãã¡ãªãã女å
åãã¢ãã¡ãšã¿ãªããããããã£ãŒã³å±€ãç·æ§ããã®æ¯æãåããäœåãå€ãã
1960å¹Žä»£ã®æ¥æ¬ã§ã¢ãã¡ãšèšãã°å°å¹Žåãã®ãã®ã§ãããå°å¥³åãã¯çç¡ã§ãã¬ãæ¥çã«ãããŠã¯å°å¥³æŒ«ç»ã¯åœãããªããšããåºå®èŠ³å¿µããã£ãã
1966幎 ã奥ããŸã¯é女ããæŸæ ããæ§å¥ãåãã人æ°ãåŸããšå°å¹Žåãã¢ãã¡ãå¶äœããŠããæ±æ åç»ã¯ã奥ããŸã¯é女ãã®åäŸçã補äœããããšãèãç°äžçããæ¥ãéæ³äœ¿ãã®å°å¥³ã掻èºããæšªå±±å
èŒã®æŒ«ç»ãéæ³äœ¿ããµããŒã(åŸã«ãéæ³äœ¿ããµãªãŒãã«æ¹é¡)ãé£èŒéå§ãããã
æåã®å°å¥³åãã¢ãã¡ãšãªã£ããéæ³äœ¿ããµãªãŒãã¯ãåœæã®å°å¥³ãã³ã¬ã«è¯ãèŠãããã¡ããã©ãçãªäœåã§ã¯ãªããã奥ããŸã¯é女ããèžè¥²ããã¹ã©ããã¹ãã£ãã¯ã³ã¡ãã£ã®èŠçŽ ããããçãéãå°å¹Žããã人æ°ãåŸãŠããã
æ¬¡ã«æ±æ åç»ã¯èµ€å¡äžäºå€«ã®æŒ«ç»ãã²ã¿ã€ã®ã¢ãã³ã¡ããããã¢ãã¡åãããããã¯æ®éã®å°å¥³ãäœã«ã§ãå€èº«ã§ããéæ³ã®ã³ã³ãã¯ããæã«å
¥ããŠæŽ»èºãããšããç©èªã§ããã
3äœç®ãšãªããéæ³ã®ãã³ã¡ãããããã¯å°å¥³åãã®è²åœ©ã匷ããªã£ãŠãã£ããæ±æ åç»ã¯1980幎ãŸã§ã«äžæè°ãªåãæã€å°å¥³ã掻èºããäœåã9æ¬å¶äœãããã®çš®ã®äœåã¯ãã€ããé女ã£åã¢ãã¡ãŸãã¯éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ãã
æåã®äºã€ã®äœåã¯å°å¥³ã®åºèªãç°ãªã£ãŠããããã®ãžã£ã³ã«ã®2倧é¡åã®å
žåäŸãšã¿ãªãããŠããããŸãããã®æä»£ã«ã¯ä»ã«å€ãã®å°å¥³åãã¢ãã¡ãå¶äœããåœæ°ç人æ°ãåŸãŠãããå°å¥³åãã¢ãã¡ã®é»éæã§ãã£ãã
1980幎ã®ãéæ³å°å¥³ã©ã©ãã«ããæåŸã«æ±æ åç»ãéæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ã®å¶äœãäŒæ¢ããåŸã¯ãèŠãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ããéæ³ã®ããªã³ã»ã¹ ãã³ããŒã¢ã¢ããå¶äœãããããã¯åœæã®å°å¥³ãæã£ãŠããè·æ¥å©Šäººãžã®ãããããèæ¯ã«ããŠã倧人ãžã®å€èº«ã«éå®ãããéæ³ã®åã軞ã«ããããŒãæ§ã®åŒ·ãäœåã§ããã究極çã«ã¯éæ³ã®åŠå®ãšããäž»é¡ãå
å
ããŠããããã®åŸã远ã£ãã¹ã¿ãžãªãŽããã®ãéæ³ã®å€©äœ¿ã¯ãªã£ããŒãããã¯éæ³ã§å€èº«ãã¢ã€ãã«ã«ãªããšããã¹ããŒãªãŒã§ãé¡äŒŒã®äž»é¡ãæã£ãŠããããã®2äœåã¯ããããããããããšåŒã°ãã人ã
ã«ã人æ°ããã£ãã1990幎代åé ãŸã§ã®æ°äœã®å€ãã¯ãèŠãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã¹ã¿ãžãªãŽããã®å¶äœã§ãã£ãããã®ææã¯ç¬¬äºæéæ³å°å¥³ããŒã ãšãåŒã°ããŠããããã¢ãã¡å
šäœã§èŠãã°å°å¹Žåãã¢ãã¡ã匷ãã£ãã
1992幎ã«çŸå°å¥³æŠå£«ã»ãŒã©ãŒã ãŒã³ãç»å ŽãããšããŒã ã«ãªããå°å¥³åãã¢ãã¡äººæ°ã埩掻ãããããã¯5人ã®çŸå°å¥³ãææã®æŠå£«ã«å€èº«ãæµãšæŠããšããç©èªã§ãåŸæ¥ã®å°å¥³åãã¢ãã¡ãéæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ã®èŠçŽ ã«å ããæŠéç©ã®èŠçŽ ãå ãããç·å¥³åãã人æ°ãåŸããå°ãé
ããŠãæå€©äœ¿äŒèª¬ãŠã§ãã£ã³ã°ããŒããããããŒã¹ãšã³ãžã§ã«ãããSOSããªã©åæ§ã®äž»é¡ãæã€äœåãããã€ãçŸããŠãããäžæ¹ã§ããå§«ã¡ããã®ãªãã³ãããããžã£é女ã©ãã¿ããªã©éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ã®åŸæ¥ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãçºå±ãããäœåãå¶äœããç¶ããã
åæã®äœåã§ã¯äž»äººå
¬ãæã€ãéæ³ãèœåã¯å
倩çãªãã®(䞻人å
¬ã¯çãŸãã€ããŠã®ãé女ã)ã§ãããéæ³ã䜿ãéãç¹ã«éå
·(ã¢ã€ãã )ãèŠããªãããšãå€ãã£ããããããã²ã¿ã€ã®ã¢ãã³ã¡ããã以æ¥ã®åŸå€©çã«éæ³èœåãåŸãå°å¥³ã䞻人å
¬ã®äœåã1980幎代以éã«äž»æµã«ãªããç©å
·ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®èŠè«ã§ãéæ³ã䜿ãéã«éå
·(ã¹ããããªã©)ãçšããäœåãå¢ãããæ¥æ¬ã«ãããéæ³äœ¿ãã®ããžã¥ã¢ã«ã¯ãéæ³äœ¿ããµãªãŒããšåææã®ãã©ããã³ã¡ãããããããã¡ãªãŒããã³ãºãã®åœ±é¿äžã«ããäºããå€ããšãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãã£ãºããŒäœåã®åœ±é¿ã«ãããã®ã§ããããéæ³ãšèšãã°éæ³ã®ã¹ãããããšããæŠå¿µãå瀟ã®ã¢ãã¡äœåã®ãã·ã³ãã¬ã©ãããããããªããªã©æ ç»ã«ç»å Žããéæ³äœ¿ãã®åœ±é¿ã倧ãããšã¿ããããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãéæ³äœ¿ããµãªãŒãã®ãªãŒããã³ã°ã¢ãã¡ã§ã¯ããã§ã«éæ³ã®ã¹ããããç»å ŽããŠããããæ±ºå®çã§ãã£ãã®ã¯ãçŽåŸã®ãã³ã¡ãããããã§ç»å Žããæãããã®ã€ããããã³ã§ãããæ¬äœã§ã®ã¹ãããã®äœ¿çšãéæ³å°å¥³ãšããã°éæ³ã®ããã³ãšããã€ã¡ãŒãžãå®çãããšãããã
äœåã®ã¹ãã³ãµãŒãšããŠãåè¿°ã®ãéæ³ã®éå
·ããã¯ããäœäžã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãã³ã¹ãã¥ãŒã ãªã©ã®ã°ããºãç©å
·ãæå
·ã»é£åãªã©ã®åååãè«ãè² ãã¡ãŒã«ãŒãã€ãäºãã»ãšãã©ã§ããããã»ãŒã©ãŒã ãŒã³ãã®ããã以éãæ§ã
ãªäœåã«ãããŠã³ã¹ãã¥ãŒã ãã§ã³ãžãšã°ã«ãŒãåãçãããŸããäºããã£ããããã¯ãã£ã©ãå¢ããåã ãç©å
·(ã³ã¹ãã¥ãŒã ã®ã¢ãã¬ã«ãå«ã)ã®çš®é¡ãå¢ããããšããã¹ãã³ãµãŒåŽã®ã¡ãªããã«ãã£ãŠä¿é²ãããŠããé¢ããã£ããæã«ã¯æ°ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãæ°ã¢ã€ãã ã匷åŒã«ç»å ŽãããããšããŠå¶äœè
ãå°æãããããšããã£ããäžæ¹ã§ååã®å£²ãè¡ãããè¯ããã°ã¢ãã¡ã®å
容ã«ã¯å¹²æžããããšããªããå¶äœè
ã¯å€æ§ãªç©èªãå¶äœããããšãã§ããã
éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ãå¶äœãããŠããã«ã€ããŠãã¹ããã¯ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãšããŠã®éæ³å°å¥³ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãåºå®ãããŠãã£ããããã¯ãå°åç©ã®ãäŸãé£ããŠããŠãéæ³å°å¥³ã«å€èº«ããéæ³ã®ããã³ãªããã¹ãããã§éæ³ãè¡äœ¿ãããšãããã®ã§ãããæ¢åã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®åœ¹å²ãéæ³å°å¥³ã«çœ®ãæãããããã£ã¯ããèŠãããšãã§ãããã倩å°ç¡çš!ãã·ãªãŒãºã§ã®ãéã³äŒç»ããã¯æ°ãã«ããªãã£ãµããŒãšãããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãçã¿åºããã1996幎ã«ãéæ³å°å¥³ããªãã£ãµããŒããšããç¬ç«ãããã¬ãã¢ãã¡ã·ãªãŒãºãšãªã£ããéæ³å°å¥³ãã®ãã®ããããã£åããäœåãšããŠã¯2001幎ã«ãã·ã«ã·ã«âãœãã¿ããã2002幎ã«ãéªééæ³å°å¥³ã·ãªãŒãºããããã
çéçãžã£ã³ã«ãšããŠå€§æããéæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ã§ããããå®ã¯æ ¹å¹¹ã®èšå®ã«é¢ããŠã¯ææ§ã§ãããšã®ææãããã2011幎ã®ãéæ³å°å¥³ãŸã©ãâãã®ã«ãã§ã¯ãã®ææ§ããéæã«åããéæ³å°å¥³ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãããããäžã®ã®ããã¯ãšããŠåãå
¥ããŠããã
æ±æ åç»ã«ããåæã®éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ãæ±æ é女ã£åã·ãªãŒãºã
éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ã«æŠéçŸå°å¥³ã®èŠçŽ ãä»å ããäœå
éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ã®äžã§ç¹ã«ãªã¿ã¯ããã人æ°ãåŸãŠããäœåããã®2äœåã¯(æŠéçŸå°å¥³ã§ãªã)å€èº«éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ã§ããã
éæ³å°å¥³ã¯èããã£ã©ã®é¡åã®äžã€ã§ããããåèãšããŠãéæ³å°å¥³ç©ã®èãã¢ãã¡ã®äŸã以äžã«æããã
éæ³å°å¥³ã¢ãã¡ã®ãã©ãŒãããã§äœãããããŒã¯ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1
|
6,131 |
ç²ä¿¡è¶å°æ¹
|
ç²ä¿¡è¶å°æ¹(ãããããã€ã¡ã»ã)ã¯ã山梚çãé·éçãæ°æœçã®3çã®ç·ç§°ãããããã®ä»€å¶åœåã§ãããç²æããä¿¡æ¿ããè¶åŸãã®é æåããšã£ãåç§°ãåäœã§äœ¿çšãããããšã¯çšã§ã颿±å°æ¹ãšåããã10éœçã«å¯ŸããŠé¢æ±ç²ä¿¡è¶å°æ¹ãšã®åŒç§°ã§çšããããããšãå€ãã
æ¬å·ã®äžå€®éšã颿±å°æ¹ã®å€åšéšã«äœçœ®ããŠããã颿±å°æ¹ãç¹ã«æ±äº¬ãšã®çµã³ä»ãã匷ãå°åã§ãããåã
ã®çåºæåšå°ããæ±äº¬ãäžå¿ãšãã颿±å°æ¹ã«æ°å¹¹ç·ãé«ééè·¯çã®äº€éã€ã³ãã©ã§ç¹ãã£ãŠããã
æ±äº¬ãšã®çµã³ä»ããšæ¯ã¹ãŠãç²ä¿¡è¶å士ã®çµã³ä»ãã¯åŒ±ããç®ç«ã£ã亀æµã¯é£æ¥ããå°åã®ã¿ã§ããããŸããæ¹èšãç°ãªã£ãŠããã山梚çãšé·éçã¯ãç²ä¿¡è¶å士ãããæ±äº¬ãšã®éœéåºçæµåãæå€ã§ãããããæ±äº¬ãäžå¿éœåžãšããå°åã§ããããšãç²ä¿¡è¶3çã®å
±éç¹ã§ããã
ç²ä¿¡è¶å°æ¹ã®å€ãã¯ã颿±å°æ¹ãšäœµç§°(颿±ç²ä¿¡è¶å°æ¹)ãããæšèšãå€ããç¹ã«äžå€®çåºã®å°æ¹æ¯åéšå±ãNHKçãããã«è©²åœããæ°éäŒæ¥ã§ã颿±å°æ¹ãšäžäœã®ç®¡èœå°åãèšå®ããŠããå Žåãå€ããäžæ¹3çãããããã«ç°ãªã管èœãšãªãå Žåãããã
äŸ:
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E4%BF%A1%E8%B6%8A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9
|
6,132 |
1805幎
|
1805幎(1805 ãã)ã¯ã西æŠ(ã°ã¬ãŽãªãªæŠ)ã«ãããç«ææ¥ããå§ãŸã平幎ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1805%E5%B9%B4
|
6,135 |
ãã©ã³ãã»ãªããŒã«
|
ãã©ã³ãã»ãªããŒã«ã¯ãæ€ç©ã®çްèçµç¹ã«å
å¡«ããéçµæ¶å«æ°Žçªé
žäœ(SiO2.nH2O) ã
PhytolithãOpal phytolithãGrass opalãªã©ãšãã
æ€ç©ã¯åå£äžã®çªé
ž(æ°Žã«æº¶ããã±ã€é
žå¡©)ãæ ¹ããåžåããç¹å®ã®çްèã®çްèå£ã«èç©ãã¬ã©ã¹è³ªã®çްèäœã圢æãããæ€ç©çªé
žã¯ã€ãç§ãã«ã€ããªã°ãµç§ãã·ãæ€ç©ãã³ã±æ€ç©ã«ãããŠå«æéã®é«ãããšãç¥ãããç¹ã«è¡šç®çްèãæš¹æšé¡ã®ç¶ç®¡çްèãšè¡šç®çްèãªã©èç©ãããããç®æããããç¹ã«ã竹(ã€ãç§)ãã°ã©ã¹ãã¡ã€ããŒã®ããã«ããããªããããããŠéå°é»æ§ã§ããã®ã¯ã衚ç®çްèãšç¶ç®¡æã«ããèŠåæ£ããå¯éãããã©ã³ãã»ãªããŒã«ã«ããæ€ç©éªšæ Œçµç¹ã®ããã§ããã ãŸãããµããã³ãã€ã©ã¯ãµããã¹ç§æ€ç©ããã©ç§æ€ç©ãªã©ã«èŠãããæ€ç©äœè¡šç®ã®æ£ãã€ãç§æ€ç©ã®èã®èŸºçžã«èŠãããåŸ®éžæ¯ã¯ããã®æ€ç©éªšæ Œçµç¹ããæŽŸçããçªé
žããã³çªé
žãšã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãããªãè€åæåãçµæãšããã¬ã©ã¹è³ªã®ç©è³ªã§ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããçµç¹ã§ããããŸããåç©ã«ãããé±ãšçžäŒŒåšå®ã§ããã(åæ§ã«çªè»ã®è¢«æ®»ãšæŸæ£è«ã®éªšæ Œã«ã忀ç©ã®å£ãè¶ããŠçžäŒŒæ§ã®ããåšå®ãèªãããã)ã
ã¬ã©ã¹è³ªã«å€åããæ€ç©çªé
žäœã¯ãæ€ç©äœãæ¯æ»ããåŸã«ãè
æããæ®åãåå£ã«ä¿åããããæŽã«ãæ€ç©äœæ¯ã®ç¹åŸŽãããããšããçš®ãç¹å®ããããšãå¯èœã§ãããè±ç²ãšå
±ã«å€æ€çç°å¢ãæšå®ããææ®µãšããŠå©çšããããè±ç²ã¯åºåã«æ¡æ£ã屿ç°å¢ã®æšå®ã«ã¯åããªããããã©ã³ãã»ãªããŒã«ã¯é£æ£ãã«ãã也ç¥å°ãé
žæ§åå£ãªã©è±ç²ãéºåãã«ããç°å¢ã§ãéºåããããã屿çãªç°å¢ãšæ€çã®åæãå¯èœã§ããã
ç¹ã«ã€ãç§æ€ç©ã¯ãã©ã³ãã»ãªããŒã«ãæ®ãããããçš²äœã®èµ·æºãæ¢ãç ç©¶ã粟åçã«è¡ãããããå€ãã®ç¥èŠãèç©ãããŠãããäœç©åŠãèå€åŠäžã§ã€ãç§æ€ç©ã®åå®ãè¡ãå Žåã¯ããªãªã¶ãã³ãªããŒã«(ã€ãç§ã®ãªããŒã«)ããšããåç§°ã䜿ãããããšããããããããã€ãã®ãã©ã³ãã»ãªããŒã«ã¯ç²åŸãå°ããéšæ°Žãšå
±ã«å°äžã«æµžéããããšãèãããããããå³åº§ã«çºèŠå°å±€ã®æä»£ã«ãããæ œå¹ã®èšŒæ ãšããããšã¯ã§ããªãã幎代æšå®ã®ç²ŸåºŠãäžããããããã©ã³ããªããŒã«äžã®Cãå©çšããæŸå°å¹Žä»£æž¬å®ã詊ã¿ãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB
|
6,139 |
ããã¹ã¿ã³
|
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã€ã¹ã©ã å
±ååœ(ããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã€ã¹ã©ã ããããããããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèª: Ø§ÙØ³ÙÙØ§Ù
Û Ø¬ÙÙ
ÙÛÙÙØ±ÙÛÙÛ ÙŸÙØ§Ú©ÙØ³ÙØªÙاÙ)ãéç§°ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ãåã¢ãžã¢ã«äœçœ®ããé£éŠå
±åå¶åœå®¶ã§ãããæ±ã«ã€ã³ãã西ã«ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãå西ã«ã€ã©ã³ãåæ±ã«äžè¯äººæ°å
±ååœãšåœå¢ãæ¥ããŠãããåã¯ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã®ã¯ããŒã³åå»ã§ã¿ãžãã¹ã¿ã³ãšçãéãŠãããŠããããªããŒã³ãšãæµ·äžã§åœå¢ãæ¥ããŠãããéŠéœã¯ã€ã¹ã©ãããŒãã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®2023幎ã®äººå£ã¯2å2200äžäººã§ãããã€ã³ããäžåœãã¢ã¡ãªã«ãã€ã³ããã·ã¢ ããã©ãžã«ã«æ¬¡ãã§äžç第6äœãšãªã£ãŠããããŸããäžçã§2çªç®ã«ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸã®å€ãåœã§ããããé¢ç©ã¯88äž1913å¹³æ¹ããã¡ãŒãã«ã§ãäžçã§33çªç®ã«å€§ããªåœã§ããã
ååœã«ã¯ã8500幎åã®æ°ç³åšæä»£ã®éºè·¡ã§ãããããŒãã¹ã¿ã³ã®ã¡ãã«ã¬ã«éºè·¡ããæ§äžçã®ææã®äžã§ãæãå€§èŠæš¡ãªéé
åšæä»£ã®ã€ã³ãã¹ææãªã©ãããã€ãã®å€ä»£æåã®éºè·¡ããããçŸä»£ã®ããã¹ã¿ã³ãæ§æããå°åã¯ãã¢ã±ã¡ãã¹æãã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§çã®æä»£ãã»ã¬ãŠã³ã¹æãããŠãªã€æãã¯ã·ã£ã³æãã°ãã¿æãåéšã®ãŠãã€ã€æããã³ãã¥ãŒã»ã·ã£ãŒããŒãã¬ãºãæãããªãŒã»ã¹ã«ã¿ãŒã³æãã ã¬ãŒã«åžåœããã¥ãã©ãŒããŒåžåœãã·ã¯åžåœãè±åœæ±ã€ã³ãäŒç€Ÿã®æ¯é
ããããŠæè¿ã§ã¯1858幎ãã1947幎ãŸã§ã®è±é ã€ã³ãåžåœãªã©ãè€æ°ã®åžåœãçæã®é åã§ãã£ãã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ãè±é ã€ã³ãã®ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸã®ç¥åœãæ±ããããã¹ã¿ã³éåãšã1946幎ã®å
šã€ã³ãã»ã ã¹ãªã é£çã®éžæã§ã®åå©ã«ããã1947幎ã«è±é ã€ã³ãåžåœã®åå²ãçµãŠç¬ç«ããããã®åå²ã§ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸã®å€ãå°åã«ç¬ç«ããå·ãäžããããæ¯é¡ã®ãªãå€§èŠæš¡ãªç§»æ°ãšç ç²è
ãåºããåœåã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹é£éŠã®èªæ²»é ã§ãã£ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ã1956å¹Žã«æ£åŒã«æ²æ³ãå¶å®ããã€ã¹ã©ã å
±ååœãšããŠå®£èšããã1971幎ã«ã¯ãæ¿æ²»äžæ¢ã寡å ããæ§è¥¿ããã¹ã¿ã³ãšã®å¯Ÿç«ãæ·±ããæ±ããã¹ã¿ã³ãã9ãæéã®å
æŠãçµãŠæ°åœå®¶ãã³ã°ã©ãã·ã¥ãšããŠç¬ç«ããããã®åŸ40幎éãããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ææ°ãšæŠå®ãæ°äž»äž»çŸ©ãšæš©åšäž»çŸ©ãæ¯èŒçäžä¿çãªæ¿åºãšã€ã¹ã©ã äž»çŸ©ã®æ¿åºã«ãã£ãŠçµ±æ²»ãããŠãããããã®å
容ã¯è€éã§ããã2008å¹Žã«ææ°æ¿æš©ãèªçãã2010幎ã«ã¯å®æçã«éžæãè¡ãããè°äŒå¶ãæ¡çšããã
çŸä»ã«ãããŠããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ããã«ãã¯ãŒ(äžå
åœå®¶)ã§ããã2022幎æç¹ã§äžç第9äœã®åžžåè»ãæããŠãããæ žå
µåšä¿æåœãšããŠå®£èšãããŠãããæ¥éã«æé·ããŠããå€§èŠæš¡ãªäžç£éçŽãæããæ°èçµæžåœã®äžã§ãæé·çã®é«ãåœãšããŠäœçœ®ã¥ããããŠãããç¬ç«åŸã®ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®æ¿æ²»çæŽå²ã¯ãçµæžçã»è»äºçã«å€§ããæé·ããææãšãæ¿æ²»çã»çµæžçã«äžå®å®ãªææã®äž¡æ¹ãç¹åŸŽãšããŠãããããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ãæ°æçã«ãèšèªçã«ã倿§ãªåœã§ãããå°ççã«ãéçåç©ãåæ§ã«å€æ§ã§ãããããããè²§å°ãéèåãæ±è·ããããªã©ã®åé¡ãæ±ããŠãããããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ãåœé£ãäžæµ·ååæ©æ§ãã€ã¹ã©ã ååæ©æ§ãè±åœé£éŠãåã¢ãžã¢å°åååé£åãã€ã¹ã©ã è»äºãã察çé£åã«å çããŠãããç±³åœããã¯éNATOã®äž»èŠåçåœã«æå®ãããŠããã
æ£åŒåç§°ã¯ãØ§Ø³ÙØ§Ù
Û Ø¬Ù
ÛÙØ±ÛÛ ÙŸØ§ÙØ³ØªØ§Ù(ãŠã«ãã¥ãŒèª;ã©ãã³æå転å(äžäŸ)ã¯ãIslÄmÄ« JumhÅ«rÄ«-ye PÄkistÄnãã€ã¹ã©ãŒããŒã»ãžã¥ã ããŒãªãŒã€ã§ã»ããŒãã¹ã¿ãŒã³)ã
å
¬åŒã®è±èªè¡šèšã¯ Islamic Republic of Pakistanãé称㯠Pakistanã
æ¥æ¬èªã®è¡šèšã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã€ã¹ã©ã å
±ååœãéç§°ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³ã挢åã«ããåœãŠåã¯å·Žåºæ¯åŠããã€ãŠã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³åæå
±ååœãšãã衚èšãèŠãããã
åœåãããã¹ã¿ã³ãã¯ããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªãšãã«ã·ã¢èªã§ãæž
æµãªåœããæå³ãããٟاک(ããŒã¯)ããæž
æµãªãã®æå³ã§ãããæ¥å°ŸèªÙستا٠(ã¹ã¿ãŒã³)ã¯ããã«ã·ã£èªã§ããã®å Žæããæå³ãããµã³ã¹ã¯ãªããã®à€žà¥à€¥à€Ÿà€š(ã¹ã¿ãŒã)ãšåèªæºã§ããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ãšããåœåã¯ãã€ã®ãªã¹é ã€ã³ãã®ãã¡ã ã¹ãªã (ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸ)ãå€ãäœã5ã€ã®åéšå°åã®ç·ç§°ãšããŠãæ°æäž»çŸ©è
ã®ãã§ãŠããªãŒã»ã©ãããã»ã¢ãªãŒ(è±èªç)ã«ãã1933幎ã®å°ååãããã¹ã¿ã³å®£èš(è±èªç)ãã®äžã§åããŠäœ¿ããããã®ã§ãããã¢ãªãŒã¯ããã³ãžã£ãŒãã®Pãã«ã€ãã«ã»ãã¯ãã¥ã³ã¯ã¯å·(æ§ã»å西蟺å¢å·)ã«äœãã¢ãã¬ãŒã³äººã®Aãã«ã·ããŒã«ã®Kãã·ã³ãã®SããããŒãã¹ã¿ãŒã³ã®TANãã"Pakstan"(ãã¯ã¹ã¿ã³)ãšããŠããããåŸã«ãçºé³ããããããããã«"i"ãå ããããŠ"Pakistan"(ããã¹ã¿ã³)ãšãªã£ãã
19äžçŽã«ã¯è±é ã€ã³ããšããŠã€ã³ããšåäžã®æ¿åºã®äžã«çœ®ãããŠãããç¬ç«éåãæ¬æ¥ã¯åäžã®ãã®ã§ãã£ããããããç¬ç«éåã®äžã§ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸãšãã³ãã¥ãŒæåŸãšã®å¯Ÿç«ãæ·±ãŸããã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸå°åããããã¹ã¿ã³ããšããŠç¬ç«ãããæ§æ³ãæµ®äžããããããé¿ããããã®åªåã¯ç¬ç«å¯žåãŸã§ãªããããã®ã®ãæçµçã«ã¯ãã³ãã¥ãŒæåŸå°åãã€ã³ããã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸå°åãããã¹ã¿ã³ãšããŠåé¢ç¬ç«ãããããšãšãªã£ããããããã®ãšããã€ã³ãæ±éšãã€ã¹ã©ã 倿°æŽŸå°åã®æ±ãã³ã¬ã«å·(è±èªç)ãšããŠããã¹ã¿ã³ã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸãã1955å¹Žã«æ±ããã¹ã¿ã³ãšãªã£ããã®ã®ãé ãé¢ããäž¡å°åã宿ã®ã¿ã§çµ±äžããŠããããšã¯å°é£ã§ããããããŠæ±ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ãã³ã°ã©ãã·ã¥ãšããŠåé¢ç¬ç«ã®éãæ©ãããšãšãªã£ãã
1947幎8æ14æ¥ã«ã€ã®ãªã¹é ã€ã³ãåžåœããç¬ç«ããã€ã®ãªã¹åœçãå
éŠã«é ãèªæ²»é (è±é£éŠçåœããã¹ã¿ã³ (ããããªã³))ãšãªãã建åœã®ç¶ã ãã³ããã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ãžã³ããŒãå代ç·ç£ã«å°±ä»»ãããå幎10æ21æ¥ããç¿1948幎12æ31æ¥ã«ãããŠã«ã·ããŒã«ã®åž°å±ãããã£ãŠç¬¬äžæ¬¡å°ãæŠäºãèµ·ãã1956幎ã«ã¯å
±åå¶ã«ç§»è¡ããã€ã¹ã«ã³ãã«ã»ããŒã«ã¶ãŒ(è±èªç)ãå代倧統é ã«å°±ä»»ããã
1958幎ã®ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã§ããŒã«ã¶ãŒå€§çµ±é ã倱èã(en:1958 Pakistani coup d'état)ãããã¹ã¿ã³è»ã®ç·åžä»€å®ã ã£ãã¢ã€ãŠãŒãã»ããŒã³ã®è»äºç¬è£æ¿æš©ãèªçãã以åŸããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯è»æ¿ãšæ°æ¿ã亀äºã«ç¹°ãè¿ãããšã«ãªãã1965幎ã«ã¯ç¬¬äºæ¬¡å°ãæŠäºãèµ·ãã1970幎11æã«æ±ããã¹ã¿ã³ãããŒã©ã»ãµã€ã¯ãã³ã«ãã被害ãåãã被çœå°ãžã®æ¿åºå¯Ÿå¿ã«å¯Ÿããæ¹å€ãé«ãŸããç¬¬äžæ¬¡å°ãæŠäº(1971幎12æ3æ¥ - 12æ16æ¥)ã«çºå±ããŠãæ±ããã¹ã¿ã³ããã³ã°ã©ãã·ã¥ãšããŠåé¢ç¬ç«ãããå°ããã®éçšã«ãããŠãã³ãªãŒã»ããã·ã³ãžã£ãŒã¯å¯Ÿäžåœäº€æ£åžžåã«åã仲ä»åœ¹ãæãããŠããããã¹ã¿ã³ããããªã£ãŠãããæ±ããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ãããå€§èŠæš¡ãªã¬ã€ããèæ®ºãå€äº€é¢ããæŽè·ããããšã«ãããæ±ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯åŸã«ç¬ç«ãåã¡åã£ãŠãã³ã°ã©ãã·ã¥ãšãªã£ããšãããã
1972幎ãã€ã®ãªã¹é£éŠãè±éããããã¹ã¿ã³äººæ°å
ã®å代å
éŠã ã£ããºã«ãã£ã«ãŒã«ã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ããããŒã¯å€§çµ±é ãéŠçžãæŽä»»ããã1977幎7æ5æ¥ã«ã ãã³ããã»ãºã£ã€ãŒã»ãŠã«ã»ãã¯ã®ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã«ããããããŒã¯è·ã远ãããåŸã«åŠåãããŠããã
1978幎4æ28æ¥ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³å
±ååœã§åæé©åœãèµ·ãã£ãŠç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©äœå¶ã«ç§»è¡ããã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³æ°äž»å
±ååœãèªçããããšããã£ãããšããŠãã ãžã£ãŒããã£ãŒã³(ã€ã¹ã©ã 矩åå
µ)ãèèµ·ããã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³çŽäºãå§ãŸã£ãã1979幎2æã«ã€ã©ã³é©åœãåçºãã11æã«ã€ã©ã³ã¢ã¡ãªã«å€§äœ¿é€šäººè³ªäºä»¶ãèµ·ãããšããœé£ã®ãã¬ãžããã¯ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ããœé£åœå
ãžã€ã¹ã©ã åç䞻矩ãé£ã³ç«ããããšãæãã12æ24æ¥ã«ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãžè»äºäŸµæ»ãéå§ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«äžå€®æ
å ±å± (CIA)ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³çµç±ã§ã ãžã£ãŒããã£ãŒã³ãæ¯æŽããçºãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãžã®ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®åœ±é¿åã倧ãããªããã£ãããäžãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ãã¹ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒããµã€ã«ãéå
¬åŒã«ã ãžã£ãŒããã£ãŒã³ãžäŸäžããããšã¯ããœé£ã®å¯Ÿã²ãªã©æŠã广çã«èŠãããåŸã«ãœé£ãæ€éã«è¿œã蟌ãã ããã®äžæ¹ã§ãæŠåŸã«ã¯æŠåšã倧éã«æ®ãããã ãžã£ãŒããã£ãŒã³ããã¿ãªããŒã³æ¿æš©ãèªçããããã«ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãŒã€ããèªçããã
1988幎8æ17æ¥ãã ãã³ããã»ãºã£ã€ãŒã»ãŠã«ã»ãã¯å€§çµ±é ãé£è¡æ©å¢èœäºæ
ã§æ¥æ»ãããå幎10æ31æ¥ã«ã¯åœéé£åã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã»ããã¹ã¿ã³ä»²ä»ããã·ã§ã³ã掻åãéå§ãã12æ2æ¥ã«ã¯ãºã«ãã£ã«ãŒã«ã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ããããŒã®åšã§ããããŒããºã£ãŒã«ã»ããããŒããã€ã¹ã©ã 諞åœåã®å¥³æ§éŠçžã«éžåºãããã1989幎ã«ã€ã®ãªã¹é£éŠã«åå çãæããããã1990幎8æ6æ¥ã«ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã§ããããŒéŠçžã解任ãããã1993幎ãããŒããºã£ãŒã«ã»ããããŒãéŠçžã«åŸ©åž°ãããã1996幎11æ5æ¥ã«æ±è·ãäžæ£è財ãçç±ã«è·ã远ãããã
1998幎5æ11æ¥ãš13æ¥ãã€ã³ãã®ãŽã¡ãŒãžããŒã€ãŒæ¿æš©ãæ žå®éšãã·ã£ã¯ãã£äœæŠãã宿œãããããã«å¯ŸæããŠ5æ28æ¥ãš5æ30æ¥ã«ãã¯ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒãéŠçžå
Œåœé²å€§è£ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ããåã®æ žå®éšã宿œã»æåããããããã«å¯Ÿããæ¥ç±³ãã€ã³ãã»ããã¹ã¿ã³äž¡åœãžçµæžå¶è£ã課ããã 1999幎5æãã€ã³ããšã®ã«ã·ããŒã«é ææš©ããããåœå¢çŽäºãã«ã«ã®ã«çŽäº(è±èªç)ã«çºå±ããæ žå
µåšã®å®æŠäœ¿çšãæžå¿µãããã
1999幎10æ12æ¥ã®ç¡è¡ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒ(è±èªç)ã§ãã¯ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒãéŠçžãã宿š©ã奪åãããã«ãŽã§ãŒãºã»ã ã·ã£ã©ãã¯ã2001å¹Žã®æ°æ¿ç§»ç®¡ã§ãã®ãŸãŸå€§çµ±é ã«æšªæ»ãããããã®éã€ã®ãªã¹é£éŠã®è³æ Œã忢ããããã2004幎ã«ã¯åŸ©åž°ããã3æä»¥æ¥ãé£éŠçŽèœéšæå°åã«æµžéããã¿ãŒãªããŒã³å¢åãšã®éã§çŽäºãå§ãŸããçŸåšãç¶ããŠãã(ã¯ãžãªã¹ã¿ã³çŽäº)ã2005幎10æ8æ¥ãããã¹ã¿ã³å°éã§å€§ããªè¢«å®³ãçºçããããäžå€®æ¿åºã®åŒ±ãããææŽäœå¶ãããŠãããäºæ¬¡è¢«å®³ã®æ¡å€§ã«ã€ãªãã£ããšãããã
2007幎7æãã€ã¹ã©ã ç¥åŠçã«ããããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã¢ã¹ã¯ç«ãŠãããäºä»¶ãçºçãããå幎10æã«ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³å€§çµ±é éžæ(è±èªç)ãè¡ããããã11æã«ã¯è»åè¬é·ã§ãããã ã·ã£ã©ã倧統é ããèªèº«ã®å°äœãå·¡ã£ãŠããã¹ã¿ã³æé«è£å€æ(è±èªç)ã®ã€ããã£ã«ã«ã»ã ãã³ããã»ãã§ãŒããªãŒ(è±èªç)ãšå¯Ÿç«ãè»ãåå¡ããŠå
šåã«éåžžäºæ
宣èšãšæå³ä»€ãçºä»€ãããšããäºå®äžã®ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒããããªã£ã(en:Pakistani state of emergency, 2007)ãã ã·ã£ã©ãã¯ã11æ28æ¥ã«éžè»åè¬ç·é·ãèŸè·ããŠã29æ¥ã«ææ°ãšããŠå€§çµ±é ã«å°±ä»»ãã11æã«çºä»€ããéåžžäºæ
宣èšã12æ16æ¥ã«è§£é€ãããšãã¬ããéããŠçºè¡šãããäžæ¹ãç±³åœã®æ¯æŽãåããŠ11æã«å
éŠçžããŒããºã£ãŒã«ã»ããããŒãåž°åœãããã12æ27æ¥ã«æŒèª¬çµäºåŸäŒå Žã«ãŠææ®ºããã(ããŒããºã£ãŒã«ã»ããããŒææ®ºäºä»¶(è±èªç))ã2007幎ããŸããã€ã®ãªã¹é£éŠã®åå è³æ Œã忢ãããŠããã
2008幎1æ8æ¥ã«ãçŸæ²æ³äžã§ãèªç±ã§éææ§ã®ããæ¹æ³ãã§ç·éžæã宿œãããšå
¬çŽããã2æ18æ¥ãããã¹ã¿ã³äžé¢ã»4å·è°äŒè°å¡éžæãè¡ããã(2008幎ã®ããã¹ã¿ã³äžé¢ç·éžæ(è±èªç))ãç»é²ææš©è
ã¯8091äžäººãäžé¢å®æ°342ã®ãã¡ã女æ§60ãéã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸ10ãçä¿ãããã342ããçä¿ã®70ãé€ãã272è°åžãçŽæ¥æç¥šã§éžæåºå¶ã®äžè¬éžæåºã§éžåºããã70ã®çä¿è°åžãåå
ã«å²ããããããããäžå
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã ã¹ãªã é£çã«ãŒã€ãã»ã¢ãŒã¶ã 掟(PML-Q)ãšéå
ããã¹ã¿ã³äººæ°å
(PPP)ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã ã¹ãªã é£çãã¯ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒã掟(PML-N)ã®3å
ãäžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠè°åžãäºããããå ã¿ã«ãäžé¢ã¯100è°åžã§ãå·è°äŒè°å¡ãªã©ã«ããéæ¥éžæã§éžåºããããç·éžæã®çµæã¯ã第1å
ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³äººæ°å
ã第2å
ã¯ã ã¹ãªã é£çã·ã£ãªãŒãæŽŸãæ¬¡ã¯äžå
ã ã£ãã ã¹ãªã é£çã§ãããä»ã«ã ãã¿ããåœæ°éå(MQM)ãã¢ã¯ãŒããŒåœæ°å
(ANP)ãªã©ãããã3æ24æ¥ãããã¹ã¿ã³åœæ°è°äŒã¯ãè°å¡æç¥šã§ãŠãŒã¹ãã»ã©ã¶ãŒã»ã®ãŒã©ãŒããŒ(就任æ55æ³)ãéŠçžã«éžåºãããã®ãŒã©ãŒããŒã¯264祚ã®å§åçãªæ¯æãåŸãã人æ°å
ãšé£ç«ããã ã¹ãªã é£çã·ã£ãªãŒã掟ãªã©ã®åã ã·ã£ã©ã掟ã¯ãäžé¢è°å¡ã®ã»ãŒäžåã®äºãå ããã5æãã€ã®ãªã¹é£éŠåŸ©åž°ã8æ18æ¥ããããã®åœ±é¿ãåãã ã·ã£ã©ã倧統é ã¯ã€ãã«èŸæã衚æããã
2008幎9æ6æ¥ãããã¹ã¿ã³åœæ°è°äŒäžäžäž¡é¢ãš4å·è°äŒã®è°å¡æç¥šã«ãŠããã¹ã¿ã³å€§çµ±é éžæ(è±èªç)ãè¡ãããããã¹ã¿ã³äººæ°å
ç·è£ã®ã¢ãŒã¹ã£ãã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã¶ã«ããŒãªãŒãæ°å€§çµ±é ã«éžåºãããã 2010幎ãããã¹ã¿ã³æŽªæ°Žãçºçã 2011幎1æ2æ¥ãã ãã¿ããåœæ°éå (MQM) ãé£ç«ããé¢è±ã衚æãã®ãŒã©ãŒããŒé£ç«æ¿æš©ã¯äžé¢(宿°342)ã§éåæ°ãå²ã蟌ãããšã«ãªã£ããMQM(äžé¢25è°åž)ã¯å£°æã§ãäžäžé¢ãšãéå
åžã«åº§ã決å®ãããããšè¡šæãæ¿åºã«ããç³æ²¹è£œåã®å€äžããªã©ãçç±ã«æããŠããã 5æ2æ¥ãã¢ããã¿ãŒããŒãã§ãŠãµãŒãã»ãã³ã»ã©ãŒãã£ã³ã®æ®ºå®³ã確èªãããã 11æ26æ¥ãåœéæ²»å®æ¯æŽéšé(ISAFãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³é§ç)ã®åå€§è¥¿æŽæ¡çŽæ©æ§ (NATO) è»ãå西éšã®æ€åæ2ã«æãè¶å¢æ»æããå
µå£«28äººãæ»äº¡ããããã®äºæ
ã«å¯ŸããŠã®ãŒã©ãŒããŒéŠçžã¯å
é£åœé²å§å¡äŒãæéããåå§å¡äŒã¯NATOã»ISAFã®è£çµŠçµè·¯ã鮿ããã»ããå西éšãã«ãã¹ã¿ã³å·ã®ç±³è»ç¡äººæ©æ»æã®æ ç¹ã·ã£ã ã·ç©ºè»åºå°ãã15æ¥ä»¥å
ã«ç«ã¡éãããç±³åœã«æ±ããã 2012幎2æ13æ¥ãã¶ã«ããŒãªãŒå€§çµ±é ã®æ±è·äºä»¶ãå·¡ã£ãŠãããã¹ã¿ã³æé«è£å€æ(è±èªç)ãã®ãŒã©ãŒããŒéŠçžãæ³å»·äŸ®èŸ±çœªã§èµ·èšŽãã6æ19æ¥ã«ã®ãŒã©ãŒããŒéŠçžãéä»»ããåŸä»»ã®éŠçžã«ã©ãŒãžã£ã»ãã«ãŽã§ãŒãºã»ã¢ã·ã¥ã©ã(è±èªç)ã就任ããã
2013幎5æ13æ¥ã®ããã¹ã¿ã³äžé¢ç·éžæ(è±èªç)ã§ããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã ã¹ãªã é£çã·ã£ãªãŒã掟(PML-N)ãåå©ãã6æ5æ¥ã«ãã¯ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒããéŠçžã«ã倧統é ã«ã¯ãã ããŒã³ã»ãã»ã€ã³ã就任ããããã¯ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒãéŠçžã¯2016幎4æ3æ¥ã«çºè¡šããããããææžã«ååãç»å Žããããšã§ã2018幎4æ13æ¥ã«æé«è£å€æããå
¬è·æ°žä¹
远æŸã®æ±ºå®ãäžãããå幎7æ6æ¥ã«æ±è·çœªã§çŠé®10å¹Žã®æçœªå€æ±ºãèšãæž¡ããåç£ãããã
2018幎9æ4æ¥ã®ããã¹ã¿ã³ç·éžæã§åè
æãæ²ããããã¹ã¿ã³æ£çŸ©éå(PTI)ã¯å°éžæåºã§å»¶æããã2è°åžãé€ãã270è°åžã®ãã¡æ¹éžå31è°åžãã116è°åžã«èºé²ããåå
ã®ã€ã ã©ã³ã»ã«ãŒã³(PTIè°é·)ãéŠçžã«ãæ¯ç§å»ã®ã¢ãªãã»ã¢ã«ãŽã£ã倧統é ã«å°±ä»»ããã2022幎4æ10æ¥ãããã¹ã¿ã³äžé¢ã¯çµæžäžæ¯ãçç±ãšããŠã«ãŒã³éŠçžã«å¯Ÿããäžä¿¡ä»»æ±ºè°æ¡ãè³æå€æ°ã§å¯æ±ºãããäžä¿¡ä»»æ±ºè°ã§ã®éŠçžå€±è·ã¯ååœã§ã¯åããŠã§ãããéŠçžã«ã¯ãã¯ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒãã®åŒã®ã·ã£ããºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒã(PML-Nå
éŠ)ãè°äŒã«ãã£ãŠéžåºãããã
4ã€ã®å·ãšãé£éŠéŠéœã€ã¹ã©ãããŒãããæãé£éŠå
±ååœã§ãããè°é¢å
é£å¶ãæ¡çšããŠããããã€ã³ããšã®å¯Ÿç«é¢ä¿ã®ããäŒçµ±çã«è»éšã®åã匷ãã察ç
§çã«æ¿å
ã®åã¯åŒ±ãã
ç¬ç«ä»¥æ¥ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãç¹°ãè¿ãããæ¿å±ã¯åžžã«äžå®å®ã§ãããå°æ¹ã«ãããŠã¯éšæå¶ç€ŸäŒã®äŒçµ±ãæ ¹åŒ·ããç¹ã«æ§é£éŠçŽèœéšæå°åã«ãã®åŸåãèããããŸããå西éšã®ãããŒãã¹ã¿ãŒã³å·ã§ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹æ€æ°å°æä»£ããã®ç¬ç«éåãæ ¹åŒ·ããæ§é£éŠçŽèœéšæå°åã§ã¯ãã€ãŠã倧統é ãæç€ºããªãéããããã¹ã¿ã³ã®æ³åŸãé©çšãããªãæšæ²æ³ã§èŠå®ããããªã©ã匷ãèªæ²»æš©ãäžããããŠãããæ³åŸã«ä»£ãããã®ãšããŠãã·ã¥ãã¥ã³ã»ã¯ãªãšãããã·ã¥ãã¥ã³æ°æã®æ
£ç¿æ³ãé©çšãããŠããã
åœå®¶å
éŠã¯å€§çµ±é ã§ãä»»æã¯5幎ãéžæäººå£ã«ãã£ãŠéæ¥çã«éžåºãããããšãšãªã£ãŠããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯å®æ§çã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã«åºã¥ãåœå®¶ã§ãããæ²æ³ã§å
¬åŒã«ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®ç念ã«ã®ã£ãšã£ãæ¿æ²»ãè¡ãããšã宣èšããã€ã¹ã©ã æ³ã®åŒ·ã圱é¿ãåããæ³ãæœè¡ãããšããç¹ã§ã€ã¹ã©ã åœå®¶ãšããŠã®è²åœ©ã匷ãã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯æ»åå眮åœã§ããã2014幎6æãã¹ã€ã¹ã»ãžã¥ããŒãã§éå¬ãããåœé£äººæš©çäºäŒã®äŒåã«ãããŠæåºããããæ»åå¶åºŠã®ããåœã«æ»ååã®æš©å©ä¿è·ãæ±ããæ±ºè°æ¡ãã«æ¥æ¬ãäžåœãã€ã³ãããµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ãªã©ãšãšãã«å察ãããªã©æ»åç¶æã®å§¿å¢ãåã£ãŠããããäžæ¹ã§2009幎以éãåœæ³äžã®æ»åã®å·è¡èªäœã¯åçµããŠãããããã2014幎12æãå西éšã®ãã·ã£ã¯ã«ã§è»ãéå¶ããåŠæ ¡ãã€ã¹ã©ã éæ¿æŽŸåæ¿åºæŠè£
å¢åãããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã¿ãŒãªããŒã³éå(TTP)ãã襲æããæåž«ã»å
ç«¥ã»çåŸã140å以äžã殺害ãããããäºä»¶ãèµ·ãã£ãããšãåãããã¯ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒãéŠçžã¯æ»åå·è¡åçµæªçœ®ãè§£é€ããå·è¡ãåéããã
ç¬ç«ä»¥æ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœãšäžè¯äººæ°å
±ååœãšã®ååã»åçé¢ä¿ãç¶æããªãããã«ã·ããŒã«åé¡ã§æ¿ããäºãã€ã³ãã«å¯Ÿæããã®ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã®å€äº€æ¿çã®å
šäœçåŸåãšããããäžå€®æ¡çŽæ©æ§ãæ±åã¢ãžã¢æ¡çŽæ©æ§ã®åç¶æéãªã©ããèªã¿ãšããã
ãªããçŸåšã®åœéé£åå çåœã®ãã¡ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã ãã¯ã¢ã«ã¡ãã¢ãåœå®¶ãšããŠèªããŠããªãã
æ¥æ¬ãšã®é¢ä¿ã¯1958幎ã®å€äº€é¢ä¿æš¹ç«ä»¥æ¥ããããè¯å¥œã§ãã£ããã1998幎ã®ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®æ žå®éšãæ©ã«é¢ä¿ã¯æªåãããåœæã®æ©æ¬å
é£ã¯éºæŸã®æã衚æããããã察ããã¹ã¿ã³ç¡åè³éååã»æ°èŠå忬Ÿã忢ãããã®ä»ã®æŽå©ãèŠåããããªã©ã®å¶è£ãè¡ã£ãã
2002幎ã«ã¯ã ã·ã£ã©ã倧統é ãæ¥æ¥ããã2005幎4æã«ã¯å°æ³çŽäžééŠçžãæ¥æ¬ã®éŠçžãšããŠ5幎ã¶ãã«ããã¹ã¿ã³ã蚪åããæ žå®éšä»¥æ¥åæ¢ãããŠããæåè³éæŽå©ãéå§ãããã
ãŸãã貿æåæ¯ã¯æ¥æ¬åŽã®å€§å¹
ãªé»åã§ãããæ¥æ¬ããã®æè³ã¯ã€ã³ããšæ¯èŒãããšããªãå°ãªããããã¯äžå®å®ãªæ¿æ²»ãšã€ã³ãã¬çµæžãå«ããããã®ã§ããã
ç¬ç«ã®çµç·¯ä»¥æ¥ãã€ã³ããšã®éã§ã¯ç·åŒµé¢ä¿ãç¶ç¶ããŠãããåæ±éšã®ã«ã·ããŒã«å°æ¹ã®æå±ãå·¡ã£ãŠ1948幎ã«åçºããç¬¬äžæ¬¡å°ãæŠäºä»¥æ¥3床ã®å
šé¢æŠäº(å°ãæŠäº)ãçµéšããç¹ã«1971幎ã®ç¬¬äžæ¬¡å°ãæŠäºã«ããã倧æã«ãã£ãŠç¬ç«éåã«åŒå¿ããã€ã³ãè»ã®äŸµæ»ãåããæ±ããã¹ã¿ã³ããã³ã°ã©ãã·ã¥ãšããŠå€±ãããšã«ãªã£ãããã®åŸãã€ã³ããšã®éã§ã¯åžžã«ç·åŒµé¢ä¿ãç¶ããè»äºå¢çç·ã§ååã«åæãããã«ã·ããŒã«ã§ã¯äž¡åœè»ã®éã§æ»è
ãäŒŽãæ£çºçãªè¡çªãæ¥åžžåããŠããã
1998幎ã«ã¯ã€ã³ãã«å¯ŸæããŠã«ãŒã³åå£«ã®æå°ã®ããšå°äžæ žå®éšãããµã€ã«çºå°å®éšãªã©ã宿œãããã€ã³ããšå
±ã«æ žä¿æåœã®äžã€ãšãªãã
2001幎12æãã€ã¹ã©ã éæ¿æŽŸã«ããã€ã³ãåœäŒè°äºå 襲æãããèµ·ãããšãã€ã³ãæ¿åºã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³è»æ
å ±æ©é¢ã®é¢äžãçã£ãŠå¯Ÿç«ãæ¿åãåœæã®ã ã·ã£ã©ã倧統é ã¯ãã€ã³ããžã®æ žæ»æãæ€èšããããšåæ³ããŠããã
äžæ¹ã§ã ã·ã£ã©ãåæ¿æš©ã¯åã¢ãžã¢å°åååé£åãéããç·åŒµç·©åã«åªããŠããã2004幎ããåå¹³åè°ãããããŠãããªã©ããã®ææã¯åŸã
ã«çŸããŠããŠããã2008幎11æã®ã€ã³ã西éšã ã³ãã€ã§ã®åæçç Žããã«ãã£ãŠåå¹³åè°ã¯äžæäžæãããã2010幎4æãäž¡åœéŠè³ãããŒã¿ã³ã§äŒè«ããå€çžäŒè«ãéå¬ããããšã§åæãå
¬åŒã®å¯Ÿè©±ãåéãç¶æããããšã決ããã6æã«ã¯å€å次å®çŽåè°ãšå
çžäŒè«ã7æ15æ¥ã«ã¯ã€ã³ãã®ã¯ãªã·ã¥ãå€çžãšããã¹ã¿ã³ã®ã¯ã¬ã·å€çžäŒè«ããããã¹ã¿ã³ã®ã€ã¹ã©ãããŒãã§è¡ãããããããŠ2011幎2æã«å¯Ÿè©±åéã§åæããŠããã2018幎8æã«ã¯äžæµ·ååæ©æ§ã®ååè»äºæŒç¿ã«äž¡åœã¯åå ããã€ã³ããšããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ãšã£ãŠç¬ç«ä»¥æ¥åã®åœé£å¹³åç¶ææŽ»å以å€ã§ã®è»äºååãšãªã£ãã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ç¬ç«ä»¥æ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®è»äºæ¯æŽãåãå
¥ããŠãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯éåç䞻矩ã®ã€ã³ããšå奜é¢ä¿ãæ·±ããœããšãé£éŠãžã®å¯ŸæäžããŸãã€ã©ã³é©åœãèµ·ãããŠã¢ã¡ãªã«ãšæ¿ãã察ç«ããã€ã©ã³ã®å°ã蟌ãçãšããŠãããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯éèŠãªæ¯æŽå¯Ÿè±¡åœå®¶ã§ãããããã¹ã¿ã³åŽããã®ç¹ã¯æ¿ç¥ããŠãããã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãªã©ã§æ¿æš©äº€ä»£ãèµ·ãã£ãŠã芪米路ç·ã¯å
æãããŠãããããããªãããè¿å¹Žã®ãããšã®éãã«ãããŠãç±³åœã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®äžéš(ç¹ã«ãéšæå°å)ãã¿ãªãã³ãªã©ã®æŠè£
å¢åã®èåã«ãªã£ãŠããããšãããã¹ã¿ã³ãããããæŠè£
å¢åã«å¯ŸãååãªæŠéã察çãåã£ãŠãããããããããã¹ã¿ã³ã®äžéš(ç¹ã«ãè»çµ±åæ
å ±å±ISI)ã¯ããŸã ã«ã¿ãªãã³ãªã©ãéå
¬åŒã«æ¯æŽããŠãããšèŠãããŠããããšã«äžæºãæã£ããäžæ¹ã§ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ãç±³åœãããã¹ã¿ã³åœå
ã§ã®ç¡äººæ©æ»æãªã©äž»æš©äŸµå®³ãç¶ç¶ããŠããããšã«äžæºãæã¡ãäž¡åœé¢ä¿ã¯å·åŽåãããçŸåšãäž¡åœã®äžä¿¡æã¯æ ¹æ·±ããã®ãããã
1990å¹Žãæ±è¥¿å·æŠã®çµçµãå±ããããäžãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãžã§ãŒãžã»Hã»Wã»ããã·ã¥æ¿æš©ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ããæ žéçºçæãçç±ã«è»äºæŽå©ã忢ãããã1996幎ã«ã¯ãã«ã»ã¯ãªã³ãã³æ¿æš©ã«ãã£ãŠåéãããŠããã
2001幎9æ11æ¥ã®ç±³åœåæå€çºããäºä»¶ãåããç±³åœã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³ã«å¯Ÿãã¢ã«ã»ã«ãŒã€ãããããŸãã¿ãŒãªããŒã³ãšã®é¢ä¿ãæã¡ç±³åœã«ååããããšãè¿«ã£ããããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ãšã£ãŠã¿ãŒãªããŒã³ã¯ã€ã³ããšã®å¯ŸæäžéèŠã§ãã£ãããã¿ãŒãªããŒã³ãæ¯æŽãç¶ããããšã«ããåœéçå€ç«ãæãããŸããç±³åœã«ååããããšã«äŒŽãçµæžæ¯æŽãªã©ã®èŠè¿ããæåŸ
ããã ã·ã£ã©ã倧統é ã¯ç±³åœãžã®ååãæ±ºæãããããã«å¯Ÿããããã¹ã¿ã³åœå
ã§ã¯åç±³ãã¢ãèµ·ãããªã©ã ã·ã£ã©ãæ¿æš©ã¯èŠããç«å Žã«ç«ããããã
ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãã€ã³ããšã®å¯Ÿæäžã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã«èŠªããã¹ã¿ã³æ¿æš©ãååšããããšãæãŸããã1979幎ã«å§ãŸã£ããœããšãé£éŠã®ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³äŸµæ»åŸãããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯åæ¿åºæŠè£
å¢åã ãžã£ãŒããã£ãŒã³ãæ¯æŽããããœé£è»æ€éåŸã®å
æŠã§ã¯ãããã¹ã¿ã³è»çµ±åæ
å ±å±ã¯åœåãã¯ããã£ã€ãŒã«æŽŸãæ¯æŽããããããŸããããªããªããšå³æ Œãªã€ã¹ã©ã åç䞻矩ã®ã¿ãŒãªããŒã³ãè²ãŠæ¿æš©æš¹ç«ãŸã§åŒ·åã«æ¯æŽãããšããããŠãããã¿ãŒãªããŒã³æ¿æš©ã§ããã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã€ã¹ã©ã éŠé·åœãšå€äº€é¢ä¿ãæã€3ã«åœã®ãã¡ã®1ã€ã§ãã£ãã
ããããã¿ãŒãªããŒã³ããããŸãã¢ã«ã«ãŒã€ããã¢ã¡ãªã«åæå€çºããäºä»¶ãèµ·ãããäºããå§ãŸã£ã2001幎ã®ã¿ãŒãªããŒã³æ¿æš©ãžã®æ»æã§ã¯ã ã·ã£ã©ãæ¿æš©ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ãšæå¿é£åè«žåœæ¯æã衚æãããžã§ãŒãžã»ãŠã©ãŒã«ãŒã»ããã·ã¥æ¿æš©ããF-16æŠéæ©äŸäžãå«ãå·šé¡ã®è»äºã»çµæžæŽå©ãåãããããã«å¯Ÿããã€ã¹ã©ã åç䞻矩è
ãã¯ããã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸã«å¯Ÿããããªã¹ãæåœã®æ»æã«åæãæã€å€ãã®åœæ°ããäžæºãå¢å€§ããããã¹ã¿ã³åœå
ã§ã¯å€ãã®æè°è¡åãèµ·ãã£ãããŸããã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã远ãããã¿ãŒãªããŒã³å¢åã¯é£éŠçŽèœéšæå°åã«æµžéããããã¹ã¿ã³è»ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ãšã®æŠéãç¶ç¶ãããŠããã
2010幎8æ31æ¥ãããã¹ã¿ã³è»æ©ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³åœå¢ä»è¿(ããã¹ã¿ã³åéšã«ã€ãã«ã»ãã¯ãã¥ã³ã¯ã¯å·ãã·ã£ãŒã¯ã«ãªã©)ã®éšæå°åã空çããã€ã¹ã©ã éæ¿æŽŸãå°ãªããšã30人æ»äº¡ãéæ¿æŽŸã®é ãå®¶ãèšç·Žæœèšãèªçããã«äœ¿çšããäºå®ã®è»äž¡8å°ãç Žå£ãããšååœæ²»å®åœå±è
ãèªã£ãã
2011幎5æ1æ¥ãéŠéœã€ã¹ã©ãããŒãéå€ã®äœå±
ã§ã¢ã«ã«ãŒã€ãã®æå°è
ãŠãµãŒãã»ãã³ã»ã©ãŒãã£ã³ã米海è»ç¹æ®éšéSEALsã«æ¥è¥²ãããããã³ã©ãŒãã£ã³ã¯é éšãæããæ»äº¡ãéºäœã¯ç±³è»ã«ãã確ä¿ããããšãªãã米倧統é ããçºè¡šãããã
ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ã äžçæå€§ã®å奜åœãšãããåã€ãšã¡ã³å
æŠã§ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³è»ã掟é£ãããã€ã©ã³ã»ã€ã©ã¯æŠäºã®éçšã§ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ã«ã¯2äžäººãã7äžäººãšããããããã¹ã¿ã³è»ãé§çããããšã«ãªã£ãã1976幎ã«ã¯äžçæå€§çŽã®ã¢ã¹ã¯ã§ãããã¡ã€ãµã«ã»ã¢ã¹ã¯ãå¯èŽãããããŸããããã¹ã¿ã³ã®æ žéçºèšç»ã®è³éæºã ã£ããšããããã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã§è¿œããããã¯ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒãã®äº¡åœãåãå
¥ããã
2015幎ã«ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ãã€ã¹ã©ã ååæ©æ§ã®æ¡çŽãæ ¹æ ã«ã€ã¹ã©ã å34ã«åœãšå¯Ÿããé£åã€ã¹ã©ã è»äºåç(è±èªç)ãçºè¶³ãããéã¯ãå代æé«åžä»€å®ã«åããã¹ã¿ã³éžè»åè¬é·ã®ã©ããŒã«ã»ã·ã£ãªã(è±èªç)ãä»»åœããã2019幎2æã«ã ãã³ããã»ãã³ã»ãµã«ããŒã³ç倪åãããã¹ã¿ã³ã蚪ããéã¯äžåœã®å°çšæ©ãšåæ§ã«æä¹æ©ãããã¹ã¿ã³ç©ºè»ã®JF-17ã«ãšã¹ã³ãŒããããŠãããã°ã¯ãŒãã«ã§è£œæ²¹æå»ºèšãªã©ãè¡ã£ãŠããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯äžè²«ããŠã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ã®ããŽã«ãã»ã«ã©ããã«å¯Ÿããç«å Žããã³ãã«ã³ã®ãããã¹ã«å¯Ÿããç«å Žãæ¯æããŠãããäž¡åœãããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ããã«ã·ããŒã«ãžã®äž»æš©ãæ¯æããŠããã2020幎ã®ããŽã«ãã»ã«ã©ããæŠäºä»¥éãããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ãã«ã³ãšã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ã«æ¥éã«æ¥è¿ãã2021幎ã«ã¯äžãåœé£åè»äºæŒç¿ãè¡ãããã
äžè¯äººæ°å
±ååœãšã®é¢ä¿ãæ·±ããäžæµ·ååæ©æ§ã®å çåœã§ããããäžåœãšã¯ã€ã³ããžã®å¯Ÿæã§å©å®³ãäžèŽããŠå°ãæŠäºã§æ¯æŽåœã ã£ãä»ãç±³äžã®æ¥è¿ãããããããã¯ãœã³å€§çµ±é ã®äžåœèšªåã仲ä»ããããããµã€ã«ã»æ žæè¡ã®äŸäžãæŠè»ãšæŠéæ©ãšè»èŠã®å
±åéçºãªã©è»äºååãå¹
åºãè¡ããããã¹ã¿ã³åã®äººå·¥è¡æããã«ã®æã¡äžããåååçºé»æãããã¹ã¿ã³åã®å°äžéã©ããŒã«ã»ã¡ãã(è±èªç)ã®å»ºèšãæ¯æŽãããããã®ãããªäž¡åœã®åçé¢ä¿ããå
šå€©ååæŠç¥çããŒãããŒã·ãããé¢ä¿(äžåœèª:å
šå€©åæç¥åäœäŒäŒŽå
³ç³»)ãšåŒã°ããŠããã2011幎5æã«ãŠãµãŒãã»ãã³ã»ã©ãŒãã£ã³ãããã¹ã¿ã³åœå
ã§æ®ºå®³ãããŠä»¥éç±³åœãšã®é¢ä¿ã¯æªåããŠãããäžåœãšã®é¢ä¿ã¯è¿å¹Žããã«ç·å¯ãªãã®ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã¹ã¿ã³ã®äžåœãžã®æ¥æ¥è¿ã¯åã¢ãžã¢ã§ã®äžåœã®åœ±é¿åæ¡å€§ãæžå¿µããç±³åœãžã®çœå¶ãšã®èŠæ¹ãããã2015幎ã®äžåœäººæ°ææ¥æŠäºã»äžçåãã¡ã·ãºã æŠäºåå©70åšå¹Žèšå¿µåŒå
žã§ã¯æŽŸé£ãããããã¹ã¿ã³è»ã倩å®éåºå Žãè¡é²ããã
ãŸããã®ã«ã®ããã»ãã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ãšäžåœã®æ°çãŠã€ã°ã«èªæ²»åºãšã®éã¯ã«ã©ã³ã«ã ã»ãã€ãŠã§ã€ã§çµã°ããŠããããã©ãã¯èŒžéã«ããåœå¢è²¿æãè¡ãããŠãããäžåœãšããã¹ã¿ã³ã®éã§ã¯èªç±è²¿æåå®ãç· çµãããŠãããããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯å®ãäžåœè£œåãå€ã茞å
¥ãã倿°ã®äžåœäŒæ¥ãé²åºããŠãããéã«ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®æå€§ã®èŒžåºçžæã¯äžåœã§ãããäž¡åœã¯æŽã«ãã«ã©ã³ã«ã ã»ãã€ãŠã§ã€ããã¢ã©ãã¢æµ·ã«é¢ããŠäžåœã®è»äºå©çšãæžå¿µãããŠããã°ã¯ãŒãã«æž¯ãŸã§ã®çŽ3,000kmã§éè·¯ã»ééãçºé»æãªã©ãæŽåãããäžãçµæžåå»ã(CPEC)èšç»ãé²ããŠãããäºæ¥è²»4600åãã«ã¯å€§åãäžåœãèè³ãããCPECã¯éæ¿æŽŸã®æŽ»åå°åãå«ãããã2016幎ã«ããã¹ã¿ã³è»ã¯ã©ããŒã«ã»ã·ã£ãªãéžè»åè¬é·ãææ®ããCPECãããžã§ã¯ãèŠåå°éã®ç¹å¥æ²»å®éšé(SSD)ãåµèšãããCPECã¯äžåœãé²ãããäžåž¯äžè·¯ããšã察ã€ã³ãå
å²ç¶²ãçç ã®éŠé£ŸãæŠç¥ãã®äžéšã§ãããã
äžåœãšã®ããžãã¹ãæ¡å€§ããŠããããšãããããã¹ã¿ã³åœå
ã§ã¯äžåœèªããŒã ãèµ·ããŠãããã€ã¹ã©ãããŒãåžå
ã®ç§ç«é«æ ¡ã§ã¯äžåœèªãå¿
ä¿®ç§ç®ã«å°å
¥ããããã¹ã¿ã³äŒæ¥ã®éã§ãäžåœèªç ä¿®ãè¡ãäŒæ¥ãå¢ããŠãããããã¹ã¿ã³æ¿åºãäžåœãšã®é¢ä¿åŒ·åãšäžåœäŒæ¥ã«ããã¹ã¿ã³äººãéçšããããšããã®èгç¹ããããããåããåŸæŒãããã¢ãŒã¹ã£ãã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã¶ã«ããŒãªãŒå€§çµ±é ãåºèº«å°ã§ããã·ã³ãå·ã«ããå
šãŠã®å°äžåŠæ ¡ã§ã2011幎ãã2幎以å
ã«è±èªããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªãã¢ã©ãã¢èªãã·ã³ãèªã«æ¬¡ãã§äžåœèªãå¿
ä¿®ç§ç®ã«çŸ©åã¥ãããšçºè¡šãããããããæè²çŸå Žã®æ··ä¹±ãçåŸãžã®è² æ
ãäžåœèªãæããæåž«ã®æ°ãäžè¶³ããŠããããšãªã©ãçç±ã«ã·ã³ãå·æè²çã¯äžåœèªãå¿
ä¿®ã§ã¯ç¡ããéžæç§ç®ãšããŠç·©ããã«å°å
¥ããŠããããšã§èšç»ãä¿®æ£ããŠããã
ãœé£ã®ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³äŸµæ»ã§ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ãäžåœããµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ãšãšãã«ãœé£ãšæŠãã ãžã£ãŒããã£ãŒã³ãæ¯æŽãã(ãµã€ã¯ãã³äœæŠ)ããœããšãé£éŠã¯ã¢ãã¬ã³æ€éã®çŽåŸã«åŽ©å£ããã·ã¢é£éŠãšãªã£ãŠããã¯åãäžæµ·ååæ©æ§ã®å çåœã«ããªã£ãããšããã£ãŠé¢ä¿ãæ¹åãã2016幎ã«ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³é å
ã§ãã·ã¢é£éŠè»ãšåã®ååè»äºæŒç¿ã宿œããã
éžè»ãæµ·è»ã空è»ã®ã»ããæ²¿å²žèŠåé(è±èªç)ãããã«åœå¢èŠåãæ²»å®ç¶æçšã®æºè»äºçµç¹ã§ãããæ°éè»é(è±èªç)ã(CAF)ãæãããå°ãæŠäºã»ã«ã·ããŒã«çŽäºãç¹°ãè¿ãããããšããã€ã³ããšè»äºçãªå¯Ÿç«é¢ä¿ã«ããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯æ žæ¡æ£é²æ¢æ¡çŽ(NPT)ã«å çããŠãããã1998å¹Žã®æ žå®éšä»¥åŸã¯æ žå
µåšãä¿æããŠããã
äžçè»äºåã©ã³ãã³ã°2022ã§ã¯10äœå
ã«å
¥ã£ãŠããã
äžåœãšã®çµã³ã€ãã倧ããã
åœåã®åéšã«ã¯äžçã®å±æ ¹ã«ã©ã³ã«ã å±±èãšãã³ãºãŒã¯ã·å±±èãé£ãªããK2(æšé«8,611m)ãšãã³ã¬ã»ãã«ããã(æšé«8,126m)ããã³ããã
åœã®äžå€®ãååã«èµ°ãã®ã¯ã¹ã©ã€ãã³å±±èã§ãããã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³åœå¢ã¯ã«ã€ãã«å³ ãã€ã³ããšã®åœå¢ã«ã¯å€§ã€ã³ãç æŒ (ã¿ãŒã«ç æŒ )ãåºããããã®åã«ã¯ã«ãã倧湿å°ãååžããã
åéšé«å°ããã¢ã©ãã¢æµ·(ã€ã³ãæŽ)ã«æµãåºãã€ã³ãã¹å·ã¯æµåã«äž»èŠãªå¹³é(åã®ãã³ãžã£ããåã®ã·ã³ã)ã圢æããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ã¯åå£ãããã12æãã2æãå·æ¶Œä¹Ÿç¥ãªå¬ã3æãã5æã髿ž©ä¹Ÿç¥ã®æ¥ã6æãã9æã髿ž©å€éšã»ã¢ã³ã¹ãŒã³ã®å€ã10æãã11æãç§»è¡æã®ç§ã§ããããã®ææã¯å°åã«ãã£ãŠè¥å¹²ç°ãªããæŽªæ°Žãšæ±éããã°ãã°çããã
æ°åã¯ãäžåéšãç æŒ æ°å (BW)ãåéšãã¹ãããæ°å (BS)ãåéšå±±å²³å°åž¯ã枩垯å€éšæ°å (Cw) ãšãªã£ãŠãããåœè±ã¯ãžã£ã¹ãã³ã§ããã
2005幎10æ8æ¥ãããã¹ã¿ã³åæ±éšã«ã·ããŒã«å°æ¹ã»ã€ã³ãåœå¢ä»è¿ãéæºãšãããã°ããã¥ãŒã7.8ã®å€§å°éãçºçããæ»è
9äžäººä»¥äžã®å€§çœå®³ãšãªã£ããã«ã·ããŒã«å°æ¹ãäžå¿ã«è¢«å®³ãçžæ¬¡ãã ã»ããéŠéœã€ã¹ã©ãããŒãã§ãé«å±€ã¢ããŒãã厩å£ããã
2010幎7ææ«ãã«ã€ãã«ã»ãã¯ãã¥ã³ã¯ã¯å·ã§å€§èŠæš¡ãªæŽªæ°Žãèµ·ããããã³ãžã£ãå·ãã·ã³ãå·ã«ãåºãã£ãã被çœè
1400äžäººãæ»è
1200人以äžã®å€§çœå®³ã«ãªã£ãŠãããå°ãªããšã200äžäººãå®¶åºã倱ã£ãŠãããåœé£äººéåé¡èª¿æŽäºåæ(OCHA)ã¯ã被çœå°ã®äžéšã§ã¯äžç¢ãªã©ã®çŸç
ãåºãã£ãŠãããšããŠãããæ¬§ç±³ã¡ãã£ã¢ã2010幎8æ16æ¥ãå€§èŠæš¡ãªæŽªæ°Žã«ããé£²ææ°Žãæ±æãããäŒæç
ã®æµè¡ã®å¯èœæ§ãé«ãŸããçŽ350äžäººã®åã©ããææã®å±æ©ã«ãããããŠãããšåœé£äººéåé¡èª¿æŽäºåæ(OCHA) ã®å ±éå®ã®è©±ãšããŠå ±éããã
åæŸ€ä¿çŸé²è¡å€§è£ã¯8æ20æ¥å€æ¹ãåœéç·æ¥æŽå©éæŽŸé£æ³ã«åºã¥ã掟é£åœä»€ãçºåºããã8æ23æ¥ä»¥ééžäžèªè¡é第4åž«å£ãäž»åãšããéšéãæŽŸé£ãããåŸ©èæŽ»åãè¡ã£ãã10æ10æ¥(çŸå°æé)ããã£ãп޻åçµçµã
7æã®æŽªæ°Žã§ãåœå(79.6äžå¹³æ¹ãã)ã®çŽ2å²ã被害ãåããæ»è
çŽ2å人ãå®¶å±174äžè»æå£(åœå®¶çœå®³ç®¡çåº)ãã12ææç¹ã§ãäžéšå°åãå æ°ŽããŠãããã·ã³ãå·ã®çŽ4200å¹³æ¹ãã(çŠäºçã«çžåœ)ãå æ°Ž19äžäººãåœå
é¿é£æ°ãšæã£ãŠããã
2022幎8æãã¢ã³ã¹ãŒã³(éšå£)ã®åœ±é¿ã§å€§æŽªæ°Žãšãªããåœåã®3åã®1ãæ°Žæ²¡ãããæ»è
ã¯1100人è¶
ãçµæžæå€±ã¯100åãã«è¶
ã
4ã€ã®å·ãšã1ã€ã®é£éŠçŽèœå°åºã«åãããã
ãã®ä»ãã«ã·ããŒã«å°æ¹ã«ãããããã¹ã¿ã³ã®å®å¹æ¯é
é åã¯ã2ã€ã®è¡æ¿åºã«åãããã
人å£100äžäººä»¥äžã®éœåžã10éœåžãããéŠéœã€ã¹ã©ãããŒãã¯äººå£é ã§ã¯9çªç®ã«äœçœ®ããã
IMFã®çµ±èšã«ãããšã2013幎ã®ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®GDPã¯2,387åãã«ãäžäººåœããã®GDPã¯1,307ãã«ã§ãããäžçå¹³åã®ããã10%ã®æ°Žæºã§ããã 2011幎ã«ã¢ãžã¢éçºéè¡ãå
¬è¡šããè³æã«ãããšã1æ¥2ãã«æªæºã§æ®ããè²§å°å±€ã¯9710äžäººãšæšå®ãããŠãããåœæ°ã®åæ°ãè¶
ããŠããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³èšŒåžååŒæã®ããã£ãŒã ã»ãã¯ã瀟é·ã¯ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯GDPã®éèŠé¢ãååè£è¶³ã§ããŠãããããå®éã®1人åœããGDPã¯2200ãã«ã¯ãããã人å£2å人匱ã®ãã¡4000äž~4500äžäººãäžéå±€ãå ããããšèªã£ãŠããã
äž»èŠç£æ¥ã¯ã蟲æ¥ãç¶¿å·¥æ¥ãç¹ã«ãã³ãžã£ãŒãå°æ¹ã§å°éºŠã®çç£ãçãã§äžççç£é第6äœã§ããã茞åºåãšããŠã¯ç±³ããããã§èŒžåºã®11.2%ãå ããã€ãã§ç¶¿åžãããããããããŠã§ã¢ãç¶¿ç³žãæ¢è£œæãšãã£ãç¹ç¶è£œåãç¶ãããŸããäžåœãäžåž¯äžè·¯æ¿çã®èŠãšããŠãããã¹ã¿ã³åœå
ãééã»éè·¯ã»æž¯æ¹Ÿãªã©ã§çµã¶äžãçµæžåå»(CPEC)建èšãé²ããŠãããããã»ã¡ã³ããééŒã®çç£ãå¢ããŠããã
2011幎ã«ãããã¹ã¿ã³æ¿åºã¯ã€ã³ããšã®äº€æé¢ä¿ãæ£åžžåããã€ã³ããžã®è²¿æäžã®ãææµåœåŸ
éãä»äžãç®æãæ¹éãæããã«ãããã€ã³ãã¯1996幎ã«ããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ååŸ
éãä»äžããŠããããŸããã€ã³ããå«ãŸããBRICsã®æ¬¡ã«çµæžã®æ¥æé·ãæåŸ
ã§ããNEXT11ã®ãã¡ã®äžã€ã§ããããIMFã«ãã3幎éã®è²¡æ¿æ¯æŽã¯2016幎9æã«çµäºãããåœæ°ã®å€ãã¯è²§ãããããã®é »çºãªã©æ²»å®ããšãŠãæªããã人å£å¢å çãé«ãããåŽååãæ¶è²»è
ãšãªãè¥å¹Žå±€ãå€ãããã®ããä»åŸçµæžçã«æåŸ
ã§ããåœãšãããã³ã«ã»ã³ãŒã©ãå³ã®çŽ ãªã©é£²é£åã»æ¶è²»è²¡ã¡ãŒã«ãŒãé²åºããŠããã
é貚ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã«ããŒ(1ã«ããŒ=100ãã€ãµã硬貚ã®çš®é¡ã¯5ãã€ãµã10ãã€ãµã25ãã€ãµã50ãã€ãµã1ã«ããŒã5ã«ããŒã®6çš®é¡ãçŽå¹£ã¯ã2ã«ããŒã5ã«ããŒã10ã«ããŒã20ã«ããŒã50ã«ããŒã100ã«ããŒã500ã«ããŒã1000ã«ããŒã5000ã«ããŒã®8çš®é¡)ã
ã¢ãŠãŒãã»ã«ãŒã³æ¿æš©äžã§ã¯å¹Žå¹³å5%ã§æé·ããå€ãã®æ°Žåçºé»æã建èšããåœå®¶è³æ¬äž»çŸ©ããšç§°ããçµæžèªç±åæ¿çã¯æåãåããããŸããã¢ãŠãŒãã¯ç·ã®é©åœãéããç·åæšé²æ¿çãå®è¡ãèŸ²å°æ¹é©ã蟲æ°ãžã®è£å©éæ¯çµŠã§é£ç³§äŸçµŠã«å°œåããããããã1973幎ããå§ãŸã£ãããããŒæ¿æš©äžã§ã¯åœå®¶è³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã®äœå¶ãåŠå®ã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©çãªçµæžæ¿çãæã¡åºããé»åãå€åœè³æ¬ã®åœæåãæè¡ãããããããå®å䞻矩ãèå»¶ãããšå
±ã«æ±è·ãã¯ã³ãããè³æ¬éé¿ã«ããæé·ã®éåãéå§ã1978幎ãéžè»å€§äœã§ãã£ããžã¢=ãŠã«ã»ãã¯ãç¡è¡ã®ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã決è¡ããžã¢ã¯çµæžã®èªç±åãšæ°èªç±äž»çŸ©çãªçµæžæ¹é©ãè¡ããåæã«çµæžã®ã€ã¹ã©ã åãè¡ã£ãã
ãžã¢ã®æ»åŸããã¯ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ãªãŒãéŠçžããããžã«ã»ããããŒéŠçžã¯ããããèªç±åãæ°å¶åæ¿çã«è³æããŠããããåæ»ã¯é¡èã«è¡šããããã«ãŽã§ãŒãºã»ã ã·ã£ã©ãæ¿æš©ä»¥éã¯ãã®åæ»ãå
æãã2002~2007幎ã«ãããŠæé·ãå éãããŸã äœãèåçã«æ©ãŸãããããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ãããŠãå°åŠæ ¡ãžã®å
¥åŠè
æ°ã¯å¢å ããåµå察GDPæ¯ã¯100%ãã55%ã«äœäžãããåæã«å€è²šæºåé«ã1999幎10æã®12æ¶ç±³ãã«ããã2004幎6æ30æ¥ã«ã¯107æ¶ç±³ãã«ã«å¢å ã2008幎ãã ã·ã£ã©ããåœå
ã®åæ¿åºãã¢ã«å¯ŸåŠã§ããèŸä»»ãããšã人æ°å
ã¯åã³å
å¢ã建ãŠçŽããåœæ¿ãæ¯é
ãã¹ã¿ã°ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æä»£ãå°æ¥ãçµæžã¯åã³äœè¿·ããã
2013幎ãã·ã£ãªãŒããåã³éŠçžã®åº§ã«è¿ãå²ããšããšãã«ã®ãŒäžè¶³ãã€ã³ãã¬ãå€é¡ã®åµåãå·šé¡ã®è²¡æ¿èµ€åã«ãã£ãŠæ©èœäžå
šã«é¥ã£ãçµæžãåŒãç¶ãããã«åŸ©åž°ãããæ²»å®æ¹åãåæ²¹äŸ¡æ Œã®äœäžãééã®å¢å ã«ãããããã¹ã¿ã³çµæžã¯åã³å¢ãã¥ãããåœéé貚åºéã«ããèè³ããã°ã©ã ã¯2016幎9æã«çµäºããã
2022幎ã®ãŠã¯ã©ã€ã䟵æ»ã«ããåœéçãªåæ²¹äŸ¡æ Œã®äžæã«ãããããã¹ã¿ã³ã®å€è²šæºåé«ã¯æ¯æžæ°å³ãšãªã£ããäžååãªã¬ããã³ã¹ãäžäººåœããã®çç£æ§ã®äœãã2022幎ã®ããã¹ã¿ã³æŽªæ°Žãéãªã£ãäºã§ãIMFãã60åãã«ã®ææžåå®ãåéãããã説åŸããããã«å¿
æ»ã®æªçœ®ãè¬ããã
æ¥æ¬ã®èªåè»ã¡ãŒã«ãŒãè€æ°é²åºããŠè£œé 販売ãè¡ã£ãŠãããã¹ãºãã¯ã1975幎ã«åœå¶äŒç€ŸãéããŠèªåè»ã®çç£ãéå§ããåŸã1982幎ãçŸå°ååŒäŒç€Ÿããã¯ã¹ãºã瀟ãç«ã¡äžããŠããã¹ã¿ã³ãžã®æ¬æ Œåå
¥ãããã³ãããã£ãªã€ãªã©ã®çŸå°ã¢ãã«ã®çç£ãå§ããã2007幎10æã«ã¯ãäºèŒªè»ã®çŸå°ä»£çåºãšå䜵ãã圢ã§äºèŒªè»ã®çç£è²©å£²ãå§ããã2009幎ã«ã¯åœå
ã®èªåè»çޝèšçç£å°æ°100äžå°ãéæããŠãããããšã¿èªåè»ã¯ãçŸå°ååŒäŒç€Ÿã€ã³ãã¹ã»ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒç€Ÿã1989幎ã«èšç«ãã«ããŒã©ããã€ã©ãã¯ã¹ã®çç£ãå§ãã2012幎ã«çç£çޝèš50äžå°ãéæãããæ¬ç°æç å·¥æ¥ã¯ã1992幎ããçŸå°ååŒäŒç€Ÿã®ã¢ãã©ã¹ãã³ã瀟ãèšç«ãäºèŒªè»ã®çç£è²©å£²ãéå§ã1994幎ã«ã¯ãå茪è»çç£ãç®çãšããååŒäŒç€Ÿãã³ãã¢ãã©ã¹ã«ãŒãºãç«ã¡äžããŠãã·ããã¯ãªã©ã®çç£ãè¡ã£ãŠããã2016幎环èšçç£å°æ°30äžå°ãéæã æ¥ç£èªåè»ã¯ãã«ã©ãã«çŸå°å·¥å Žã建èšã1997幎ãçŸå°æ³äººã¬ã³ããŒã©æ¥ç£ã®æã«ããããã¯ããŠã³çç£ã«ãããµããŒã®çç£ãå§ããã2010幎代ã«äžæŠééããããã2020幎åé ãç®éã«ããã¯ã¢ãããã©ãã¯ã®çç£ãéå§ããããšãçºè¡šããŠããã
äž»ãªèгå
åæã«ã¯ãã¢ãã³ãžã§ã»ãããšãã©ãããŒéºè·¡ãããã©ã€ã®é¿æå°ãååšããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯æ¬§å·ååæ žç ç©¶æ©æ§(CERN)ã®æºå çåœã§ããããã®å°äœãååŸããŠããæ°å°ãªãåœã®1ã€ãšããªã£ãŠããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®ç·äººå£ã¯ã2022幎çŸåšã§2å2,200äžäººã§ããã2003幎以éã®äººå£å¢å ãé¡èãªã®ã¯ãæŠéãç¶ãé£åœã®ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ããã®é£æ°ãæ¥å¢ãããããšèŠããããã®æ°ã¯çޝèšã§çŽ600äžäººãšèšããããããã«åºççãé«ããåœé£ã®æšèšã§ã¯2050幎ã«ã¯3å4,000äžäººã«ãŸã§å¢å ããã€ã³ããã·ã¢ãšãã©ãžã«ãæããäžåœãã€ã³ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æ¬¡ãäžç第4äœã®äººå£å€§åœã«ãªããšäºæ³ãããŠããã
2017幎ã«ã¯ã1998幎以æ¥19幎ã¶ããšãªãåœå¢èª¿æ»ãè¡ãããããã¹ã¿ã³æ¬åã®äººå£ã¯"2å777äž4520人"ã§ããå忝ã§57%ãå¢å ãããããã«2017幎ã®åœå¢èª¿æ»ã§ã¯ã1998幎ã®åœå¢èª¿æ»ã§ã¯å¯Ÿè±¡å€å°åã ã£ãã¢ã¶ãã»ã«ã·ããŒã«ããã®ã«ã®ããã»ãã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ãåœå¢èª¿æ»ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãŠããããããã®å°åãå«ãã人å£ã¯"2å1274äž2631人"ã§ãã£ãã
182人/å¹³æ¹ããã¡ãŒãã«(2001幎)ã145人/å¹³æ¹ããã¡ãŒãã«(1991幎)
ãã³ãžã£ãŒã人56%(60%ãšã)ããã·ã¥ãã¥ãŒã³äºº16%(13%ãšã)ãã·ã³ã人(è±èªç)13%ããããŒã人4%ãã«ã©ã·ã¥äººãªã©ã
ãŠã«ãã¥ãŒèª(åœèª)ãè±èª(å
¬çšèª)ã«å ãããã³ãžã£ãŒãèªãã·ã³ãèªãã«ã·ããŒã«èªãã³ã¯ãŒã«èªãšãã£ãã€ã³ãèªçŸ€ã®ã»ããã€ã©ã³èªçŸ€ã®ãã·ã¥ããŒèªããã³ãããŒããŒèªããã©ãŽã£ãèªæã®ãã©ãŒããŒã€ãŒèªãå€ç«ããèšèªãã«ã·ã£ã¹ããŒèªãªã©ãããã
çŸè¡ã®1973å¹Žæ²æ³251æ¡ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®åœèªããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªãšããŠããã15幎以å
ã«è±èªã«ä»£ããŠãŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªãå
¬çšèªåããããšã«ãªã£ãŠãããã2020幎çŸåšãå®çŸã«ããã£ãŠããªããåæã«ãŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªãå
¬çšèªåããããŸã§ã¯è±èªãå
¬çšèªãšããæšèŠå®ããŠãããæ²æ³ãå§ããšããå
šãŠã®æ³ä»€ããå
¬ææžã¯è±èªã§æžãããŠãããæ¿åºã®å
¬åŒãŠã§ããµã€ãã¯è±èªã§ã ãæžãããŠãããå
šãŠã®é«çæè²æ©é¢ãè±èªãææèšèªãšããŠããããã ãã»ãšãã©ã®åçäžçæè²ã¯ãŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªã§è¡ãããŠãããããè±èªãèªç±ã«æãããã¹ã¿ã³åœæ°ã¯ããŸãå€ããªããæ¯èªãç°ã«ãããã®å士ãäŒè©±ããæã¯ããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªãçšããããšãå€ãããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªãæ¯èªã«ããããã¹ã¿ã³äººã¯å
šäººå£ã®äžå²ä»¥äžã§ããããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªã¯åéšè«žèªãšã¯ããè¿ããã®ã®ã·ã³ãèªãšã¯é¢ããŠãããããã«åéšã§ãŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªãæ¯èªãšããã ããŒãžã«äºº(è±èªç)(ããã¹ã¿ã³ç¬ç«æã«ã€ã³ãããéããŠãã飿°ã®åå«)ãšã·ã³ãèªãæ¯èªãšããã·ã³ã人ãšã®éã«å¯Ÿç«ãããããããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªã®å
¬çšèªåã«ã¯ç¹ã«åéšã§å察ã匷ãã
çµå©æã«åŠ»ã¯çµå©åã®å§ããã®ãŸãŸçšããããš(倫婊å¥å§)ãã倫ã®å§ã«å€ããããš(倫婊åå§)ãå¯èœãã€ã¹ã©ã æ³ã§ã¯å€«ã®å§ã«å€ããããšãæ±ããŠããããã€ã¹ã©ã ç³»äœæ°ã¯å©åã®å§ããã®ãŸãŸçšããããšãå€ãã
ã€ã¹ã©ã æ97%(åœæ)ããã³ãã¥ãŒæ1.5%ãããªã¹ãæ1.3%ããŸãã¢ã¹ã¿ãŒæ0.2%ãªã©ãã»ãã«ã·ã¯æåŸãã¢ããã¹ããååšããŠããã
æ£æå€ååŒæŽŸ ã®æå€§ææŽŸã§ãããã·ã¢æ£æå€ååŒæŽŸæäŒã®æåºã2016幎ããååšããŠããã
ãŸãã¢ã¹ã¿ãŒæã®ä¿¡è
ã¯10äžäººçšã§ãå°æ¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ã«ãŒã¹ãå¶åºŠãªã©ãæ®ã£ãŠããã
åçæè²ããé«çæè²ã«ãããŠãå
šãŠåœèªã§ãããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªã§ææ¥ãè¡ããäœããé«çæè²ã®å
¥åŠè©Šéšã¯è±èªã§è¡ãããŠãããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã åŠããŠã«ãã¥ãŒèªãè±èªãããã¹ã¿ã³åŠ(è±èªç)ã瀟äŒãçç§ãæ°åŠãªã©ãäž»ãªæç§ã§ã鳿¥œæè²ã¯ãªããæŽå²æè²ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã çæãã ã¬ã«åžåœã«ã€ããŠãªã©æççãªãã®ã«çãŸããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã åŠã«éç¹ã眮ãããŠããããžããŒãã«ã€ããŠã¯ç¹ã«åŠç¿ãããã¹ããšããŠãããã«ã¬ããžã§ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã åŠãããã¹ã¿ã³åŠãçµæžãè»äºæè²ãå¿
ä¿®ã
å°±åŠçã¯åçæè²ã§ç·åã83%ã»å¥³åã71%ãäžçæè²ã§ã¯ç·åã50%ã»å¥³åã40% (2016幎).10æ³ä»¥äžã®èåçã¯62.3% (2017/2018)ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ã¯ãšã€ãã»ã€ã»ã¢ã¶ã 倧åŠ(è±èªç)ãªã©ãåœéçã«æåãªå€§åŠãååšããŠããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ã¹ãªãªã©ã®çªç被害ãå€ããæŠè£
匷çå£ã«ãã匷çãåœèŠå®ã«ããè©æ¬ºäºä»¶ãåŸãçµ¶ããªãããšãåé¡ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãŸãååœã§ã¯ããäºä»¶ãçžæ¬¡ãã§çºçããŠããããã®çºçä»¶æ°ã2009幎(2,586ä»¶(æ»è
3,021人))ãããŒã¯ã«æžå°åŸåã«ãã£ãäžã2014幎12æã«çºçãããã·ã£ã¯ãŒã«ã«ãããåŠæ ¡è¥²æäºä»¶ãåããããšããåžžã«èšæŠæ
å¢ãå·ãããŠããã
è¿å¹Žã¯åã³ããäºä»¶ãæžå°åŸåã«ããããæ
å¢ã®å€å次第ã§ã¯å±éºæ§ã倧ãããªãããšã¯å¿è«ãä»ã®ç¯çœªäºä»¶ãšäœµãã圢ã§è¢«å®³ãå€éã«åããæããããå¯èœæ§ãåºãŠæ¥ãããšãçæããªããã°ãªããªãã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®èŠå¯æ©é¢ã¯7ã€ååšããŠãããäžã§ãåœå
4å·(ãã³ãžã£ãŒãå·ãã«ã€ãã«ã»ãã¯ãã¥ã³ã¯ã¯å·ãã·ã³ãå·ããããŒãã¹ã¿ãŒã³å·)ã«ã¯ããããç¬èªã®èŠå¯çµç¹ãããããã®èŠå¯çµç¹ã¯ãã®å°åã«ãããåªå
課é¡ã«åãããŠèšç«ãããç¬èªã§å°éåããã粟ééšéãçµç¹ãããŠããç¹ãç¹åŸŽã§ããã
äžäŸãšããŠãã³ãžã£ãŒãå·èŠå¯ã«ã¯ã 粟éèŠå¯(è±èªç)ããšåŒã°ããã³ãã³ããŒéšéãããã«ãã£ã³ã» ãã©ãŒã¹ã(Dolphin Force)ãšåŒã°ããè¡é ç¯çœªã«ç¹åãã粟ééšéãèšç«ãããŠããã
æ³åŸãšã¯å¥ã«ä¿å®çãªæ
£ç¿ãæ ¹åŒ·ãååšããŠãããäž»ã«å©å亀æžãè¡ã£ã女æ§ãå®¶æã®åèªãæ±ãããšããŠåŠåããåèªã®æ®ºäººã¯çãããªããšãããã2011幎床ã¯ã900人ãè¶
ãã女æ§ããå®¶æã«æ¥ããããããããªã©ã®çç±ã§æ®ºãããŠããããããã¹ã¿ã³äººæš©å§å¡äŒãã®èª¿æ»ã«ãããšã2015幎ã§987ä»¶ã®åèªã®æ®ºäººãçºçãã1000人以äžã殺害ããããšããã2016幎ã«åèªã®æ®ºäººãå³çœ°åããæ°æ³ãå¶å®ãããåŸãã2016幎10æãã2017幎6æãŸã§ã®éã«å°ãªããšã280ä»¶ã®åèªæ®ºäººãçºçãããªã©ã倧å¢ã®è¥ã女æ§ããå®¶æã«æ¥ãããããããšããçç±ã§èŠªæã«æ®ºå®³ãããŠãããç·æ§ã察象ãšãªãããšã¯ããããç ç²è
ã¯å¥³æ§ãå§åçã«å€ããäžã«ã¯å©å亀æžãªã©ç¡ããšããåã«ãç·æ§ãèŠãããšããçç±ã ãã§çºçããæ®ºäººãããã
èåãªéºè·¡ãšããŠäžçéºç£ã«ãªã£ãŠããã€ã³ãã¹ææã®ã¢ãã³ãžã§ã»ããéºè·¡ãšã¯ã·ã£ãŒãææä»£ã«ç¹æ ããã¿ãã·ã©ã®éœåžéºè·¡ããããã»ãã«æšåŒéºè·¡ãšãªã£ããã©ãããŒéºè·¡ãããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³åœå
ã«ã¯ã¢ãžã¢æåã®ããŒã«éžé æãšããŠç¥ãããããªãŒéžé æ(è±èªç)(ããªãŒã»ãã«ã¯ãªãŒ)ããããéã ã¹ãªã åãã«ããªãŒããŒã«(è±èªç)ã補é ãããŠããããã³ã¶å°æ¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãã¯ã€ã³ããã飲ãŸããŠããã
å€å
žé³æ¥œã¯åã€ã³ããšåããã³ãã¥ãŒã¹ã¿ãŒããŒé³æ¥œãã€ã¹ã©ã ç¥ç§äž»çŸ©ã®å®ææè¬¡ã«ãã¯ãŒãªãŒã®å€§ææãã¹ã©ãã»ãã¡ããŒã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ããŒã³ã¯ããã³ãžã£ãŒãå°æ¹ã§çãŸããŠããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®æ ç»ã¯ãããªãŠãã(è±èªç)ããšåŒã°ããããšã§ãæåã§ããããããªãŠããããšããåèªã¯ãã©ããŒã«ããšãããªãŠãããã®éèªã§ãå
ã
ã¯ã°ã©ããŒèªã®ãŽã·ããã³ã©ã ãã¹ãã§ãããµãªãŒã ã»ãã·ã«(Saleem Nasir)ã«ãã£ãŠ1989幎ã«èæ¡ãããèšèã ããéåžžã¯åã¢ãžã¢æ ç»(è±èªç)ã«ãããŠä»ã®æ ç»ç£æ¥ãšæ¯èŒããç®çã§ã®çšèªãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŠããã
äŒçµ±è¡£è£
ã«ã¯ãµã«ã¯ãŒã«ã»ã«ããŒãºãšåŒã°ããäžäžäžå¯Ÿã®è¢«æãç¥ãããŠããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®å»ºç¯ã¯ãã€ã³ãäºå€§éžã®å»ºç¯æåãšçµ¡ã¿åã£ãŠæ§æããããã®ã§å ããããŠãããç¬ç«åŸã®ããã¹ã¿ã³ã«ããã建ç¯ã¯ãæŽå²çãªã€ã¹ã©ã æ§åŒå»ºç¯ãšæ§ã
ãªçŸä»£æ§åŒå»ºç¯ãèåãããã®ãšãªã£ãŠããç¹ãç¹åŸŽã§ããã
ãŸããåœæ°ã®å€§åãã ã¹ãªã ã§ããããšããã€ã¹ã©ã æã®å»ºç¯ç©ã®ä»£è¡šã§ããã¢ã¹ã¯ã倿°ååšããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³åœå
ã«ã¯ããŠãã¹ã³ã®äžçéºç£ãªã¹ãã«ç»é²ãããæåéºç£ã6ä»¶ååšããã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã§ã¯ã¯ãªã±ãããæã人æ°ã®ã¹ããŒãã§ããã1947幎ã®ç¬ç«ãã5幎åŸã®1952幎ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯åœéã¯ãªã±ããè©è°äŒã®æ£äŒå¡ãšãªãããã¹ãã»ã¯ãªã±ãããè¡ãæš©å©ãåŸããããã¹ã¿ã³ã®æåã®ãã¹ããããã¯ã1955幎ã®ããªãŒã§è¡ãããã€ã³ãæŠã§ãããã¯ãªã±ããããã¹ã¿ã³ä»£è¡šã¯ã1992幎ã«è¡ãããã¯ãªã±ããã»ã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããã§ååªåãã2009幎ã«ã¯ICC T20ã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããã§ååªåããã2017幎ã«ã¯ICCãã£ã³ããªã³ãºãããã£ãŒãç²åŸãããç¹ã«ã©ã€ãã«ã§ããã€ã³ã代衚ãšã®äžæŠã¯å€§å€ãªçãäžãããšãªããã€ã ã©ã³ã»ã«ãŒã³ãã¯ã·ã ã»ã¢ã¯ã©ã ã¯æŽä»£ã®ããã¹ã¿ã³ã代衚ããéžæã§ãããäžçã®ã¯ãªã±ããã®æŽå²ã«ãããŠãææ°ã®éžæãšãããããªããã«ãŒã³ã¯ç¬¬23代ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®éŠçžãåããã2016幎ã«ã¯ãã¥ãšã³ãã£20æ¹åŒã®ãããªãŒã°ã§ããããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã¹ãŒããŒãªãŒã°ãéå¹ããã
ãµãã«ãŒãããã¹ã¿ã³ã§ã¯äººæ°ã®ã¹ããŒããšãªã£ãŠããã2004幎ã«ãããµãã«ãŒãªãŒã°ã®ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ãã¬ãã¢ãªãŒã°ããåµèšãããããããã¯ã©ãããŒã ã¯å°ãªãã倧åã¯å
¬çæ©é¢ãäŒæ¥ã®ããŒã ã§ããããã®ãããå®è³ªçã«ã¯ã»ãããçäœè£ãšãèšãããããã¹ã¿ã³ãµãã«ãŒé£ç(PFF)ã«ãã£ãŠæ§æããããµãã«ãŒããã¹ã¿ã³ä»£è¡šã¯ãFIFAã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããããã³AFCã¢ãžã¢ã«ããã«ã¯æªåºå Žã§ãããä»£è¡šéžæã«ã¯ã«ãªãŒã ã»ãŠã©ãŒãããã2015幎ã«USLãã£ã³ããªã³ã·ãã(USLC)ã®ãµã¯ã©ã¡ã³ãã»ãªãããªãã¯ã«ç§»ç±ãããããã«ãããŠã©ãŒã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®ãããµãã«ãŒã¯ã©ããšå¥çŽããæåã®ããã¹ã¿ã³äººéžæãšãªã£ãã
ããã¹ã¿ã³ã§ã¯ãã¯ãªã±ããããµãã«ãŒã«æ¬¡ãã§ããã±ãŒãçãã§ãããããã±ãŒããã¹ã¿ã³ä»£è¡šã¯ã¢ãžã¢å±æã®åŒ·è±ªåœãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããéå»ã«ã¯1960幎ããŒããªãªã³ããã¯ã1968幎ã¡ãã·ã³ã·ãã£ãŒãªãªã³ããã¯ã1984幎ããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ãªãªã³ããã¯ãšã3床ãªãªã³ããã¯ã§éã¡ãã«ãç²åŸããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3
|
6,141 |
ã€ããŒã掟
|
ã€ããŒã掟(ã¢ã©ãã¢èª: Ø§ÙØ¥ØšØ§Ø¶ÙØ©)ã¯ãªããŒã³ã«å€ãååšããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®å®æŽŸã ã¢ã«ãžã§ãªã¢ããã¥ããžã¢ããªãã¢ãæ±ã¢ããªã«ã®äžéšã«ãååšãããé èšè
ã ãã³ãããæ»äº¡ããŠããçŽ20幎åŸã®650幎é ããŸãã¯ã¹ã³ã掟ãšã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äž¡æ¹ã«å
ãããŠèã£ãããã¯ãŒãªãžã¥æŽŸã®æµããæ±²ã¿ããããèªèããŠããäžæ¹ãããã«åé¡ãããããšã«åŒ·ãæµæã瀺ããŠããã
å®æŽŸã®ååã¯å§ç¥ã§ããã¢ããã¥ãã©ãŒã»ã€ãã³ã»ã€ããŒãã«ç±æ¥ããããäºå®äžã®åµå§è
ã¯ãªããŒã³ã»ããºã¯ã®ãžã£ãŒãã«ã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¶ã€ãã§ãããã€ã©ã¯ã®ãã¹ã©ã§åµèšããããã€ãã³ã»ã€ããŒãã¯ã第5代ãŠãã€ã€æã«ãªãã§ããã¢ããã¥ã«ããªã¯ãæš©åãæ¡ã£ãé ã«ããã倧ããªãã¯ãŒãªãžã¥æŽŸã®åããæã¡ç Žã圹å²ããã£ããã€ããŒã掟ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ã æã®ç¬¬3代æ£çµ±ã«ãªããŠã¹ããŒã³ã®æ¯é
ã«å察ããããããæ¥µç«¯ãªãã¯ãŒãªãžã¥æŽŸãšéã£ãŠããŠã¹ããŒã³ã®æ®ºå®³ãšãç°ãªãå®æŽŸã®ã ã¹ãªã ãå€ç¥æåŸãšèŠåãææ³ãåŠå®ããããŸãã第4代æ£çµ±ã«ãªãã®ã¢ãªãŒã«å察ããããç·©ãããªã°ã«ãŒãã«å±ããã¢ãªãŒãšãŠãã€ã€æå代ã«ãªãã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ã®éã®çŽäºã®åã®åœ¢ã«ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ãæ»ãããšããã
ãŠãã€ã€æãžã®æµå¯Ÿãçç±ã«ãã€ããŒã掟ã¯740幎代ã«ããžã£ãºå°æ¹ããå§ãŸã£ãæŠè£
èèµ·ã詊ã¿ãããéã«ç¬¬14代ãŠãã€ã€æã«ãªãã®ãã«ã¯ãŒã³2äžã4000人匷ã®è»éãçããŠãæåã«ã¡ãã«ããã®åŸã€ãšã¡ã³ã®ãµãã¢ã§ã€ããŒãæŽŸãæ ¹çµ¶ããæåŸã«ããã©ããŠã西éšã®ã·ããŒã ã§å
å²ãããããããã·ãªã¢ã®äžå¿éšã«ã€ããŒãæŽŸãæ®ã£ãããšã«ããããŠãã€ã€æã¯ã€ããŒã掟ãšã®åå¹³ãäœåãªããããå®æŽŸã¯ãã®åŸ4幎éã·ããŒã ã«ã³ãã¥ããã£ãæ®ãããªããŒã³ã®ã€ããŒã掟åœå±ã«åŒãç¶ãçšéãæãããšãèš±ãããããŠãã€ã€æã®è»äººãããžã£ãŒãžã»ã€ãã³ã»ãŠãŒã¹ããããã¯ãŒãªãžã¥æŽŸãžã®å¯ŸæãšããŠã€ããŒãæŽŸãæ¯æããããããã«ã¯ãŒã³2äžã®æ»åŸããžã£ãŒãã«ã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¶ã€ãã¯ãŠãŒã¹ããšã®å奜ãç¶æãããããããã€ãã³ã»ã¶ã€ãã¯ãŠãŒã¹ãã®ã¹ãã€ã®ææ®ºãåœãããããšå
±ã«å€ãã®ã€ããŒã掟ã¯åä¹±ããŠãªããŒã³ã«è¿œæŸãããã
ãŸãã8äžçŽã«ã¯ã€ããŒã掟ã¯ãªããŒã³ã®å
éžéšã«ã€ããŒã ãæç«ãããããã¯ãèŠåãç¶æ¿ãããã¹ã³ã掟ãšã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®çæãšã¯å¯Ÿç
§çã«éžåºããããã®ã§ããããããã®ã€ããŒã ã¯æ¿æ²»çã粟ç¥çãè»äºçæ©èœãçºæ®ããã
10äžçŽã«å
¥ããšãã€ããŒã掟ã¯ã·ã³ãããã©ãŒãµãŒã³ãããã©ããŠããããã¡ãŒã«ããã¹ã«ããããããµå±±å°ãã²ã·ã¥ã å³¶ã«åºãã£ãŠããã 13äžçŽãŸã§ã«ã¯ãã¢ã³ãã«ã¹ãã·ããªã¢ãã ã¶ãããããŠãµãã«å°åã®è¥¿éšã«ãå®æŽŸãååšããŠãããã·ããŒã ã®æåŸã®ã€ããŒã掟ã¯ã12äžçŽã®ã¹ã©ã€ãæã«ãã£ãŠè¿œæŸãããã 14äžçŽãæŽå²å®¶ã®ã€ãã³ã»ãã«ãã¥ãŒã³ã¯ãããã©ããŠãã®ã€ããŒã掟ã®åœ±é¿ã®çè·¡ã«ã€ããŠèšåããããã€ããŒã掟ã¯çŸåšãã®å°åã«ã¯ååšããªãã
ã€ããŒã掟ã®åœã§ã¯ãäž»æµã®ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®å®æŽŸã«å
è¡ããŠèã£ããšããçç±ã§ãã€ããŒã掟ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®åæã®ããããŠéåžžã«æ£çµ±çãªè§£éã§ãããšèããããŠããã
ã€ããŒã掟ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®ä»å®æŽŸãšããã€ãã®æçŸ©äžã®éããæã£ãŠããã
ã€ããŒã掟ã¯ãã¹ã³ã掟ãšåæ§ã«ãã¢ããŒã»ãã¯ã«ãšãŠãã«ã«ã€ããŠã¯æ£çµ±ãªã«ãªããšèªããããããŠããŠã¹ããŒã³ã®æ¯é
ã®ååã¯æ£çµ±ãšèŠåããåŸåã¯çžæ
䞻矩ãšç°ç«¯ã®äž¡æ¹ã®åœ±é¿ãåããŠè
æããŠãããšèŠåãããŸããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãšåæ§ã«ãã¢ãªãŒã®æ¯é
ã®åæã®éšåãèªããã¢ãŒã€ã·ã£ã®åä¹±ãšã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ã®åæãåŠå®ãããããããã¹ã£ããã£ãŒã³ã®æŠãã§ã®åå¹³ãã¢ãªãŒããªãŒããŒã·ããã«é©ããªããã®ã«ãããšèŠåããããã©ã¯ãŒã³ã®æŠã(ã¢ã©ãã¢èªçãè±èªç)ã§ãã¯ãŒãªãžã¥æŽŸã殺害ãããšéé£ãããçŸä»£ã®ã€ããŒã掟ç¥åŠè
ã¯ããŠã¹ããŒã³ãã¢ãªãŒãã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ã«å¯Ÿãããã¯ãŒãªãžã¥æŽŸã®åæã®æµæãæè·ããã
ã¢ããã³ã®æ¢æ€å®¶ã€ãã³ã»ãããã¥ãŒã¿ã¯ãªããŒã³ã§ã€ããŒã掟ã®ãžã¥ã ã¢ã芳å¯ãããžã¥ã ã¢ããºãã«ãšåãããã«ç¥ã£ãŠãããšèªã£ãããããŠãã€ããŒã掟ããŠã¹ããŒã³ãšã¢ãªãŒã§ã¯ãªããã¢ãã©ãŒã®æ
æ²ã«ã¢ããŒã»ãã¯ã«ãšãŠãã«ã«ã€ããŠç¥ã£ãŠããããšãææããã
ã€ããŒã掟ã®èãã§ã¯ãæ¬¡ã®æ£çµ±ãªã«ãªãã¯ã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ãšã®åå¹³ãçµãã ããšãçç±ã«ã¢ãªãŒã«æµæãããã¯ãŒãªãžã¥æŽŸã®æå°è
ãã¢ããã¥ãã©ãŒã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¯ãŒãã§ãããã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ä»¥éã®å
šãŠã®ã«ãªãã¯ãæèŠãç°ãªããŠãã«2äžãé€ããŠãåäž»ãšèŠåãããã倿°ã®ã€ããŒã掟æå°è
ããåã¢ããªã«ã®ã¢ããã¥ãã©ãŒã»ã€ãã³ã»ã€ãã€ãŒãåã¢ããªã«ã®ã«ã¹ã¿ã æã®ã€ããŒã ãå«ãçã®ã€ããŒã ãšããŠèªèãããŠãããäŒçµ±çã«ãä¿å®çãªãªããŒã³ã®ã€ããŒã掟ã¯åäž»å¶ãšäžè¥²å¶ãæåŠããæå°è
ãéžåºããŠããã
ä»ã®å Žã§ã®æ¿ãã宿çŽäºã«ãããããããã€ããŒã掟ã¯çŸå®äž»çŸ©è
ã§ãããçç±ãšæ¿æ²»ç䟿å®ãçæ³çãªã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®ç¶æ
ã調ç¯ããªããã°ãªããªããšèããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E6%B4%BE
|
6,143 |
ã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸ
|
ã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸ(ã«ã€ãµãŒã³ã¯ãاÙÙÙØ³Ø§ÙÙØ© al-KaysÄnÄ«ya)ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ã æã®åææä»£ã«ååšããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸãã«ã€ãµãŒã³ã®åã®ç±æ¥ã¯æå°è
ã ãã¿ãŒã«ã®éç§°ã«ã€ãµãŒã³(Ú©ÛØ³Ø§Ù)ã«ããã第4代ã«ãªãã»ã¢ãªãŒã®åè¶ããæŽå©è
ã¢ã¹ãã°ã»ãã³ã»ãããŒã¿(Ø§ÙØµØšÙغ ØšÙ ÙÙØšØ§ØªÙ)ã«ç±æ¥ããäŒæ¿ã§ã¯ãããæ¥ãã¢ãªãŒã幌å
æã®ã ãã¿ãŒã«ãèã«ä¹ããŠé ãæ«ã§æã§ãªãããÛØ§ Ú©ÛØ³Ø ÛØ§ Ú©ÛØ³ããš2åã«ã€ã¹(Ú©ÛØ³)ãšåŒãã ããšãããã¢ã©ãã¢èªã®åæ°åœ¢ã®äž»æ Œã«ã€ãµãŒã³(Ú©ÛØ³Ø§Ù)ãšãªãã ãã¿ãŒã«ã®éç§°ãšãªã£ããã«ã€ã¹(Ú©ÛØ³)ãšã¯è³¢ããšããæå³ãããäžã€ã®èª¬ãšããŠãã ãã¿ãŒã«ã®åè¶ããå°æ ¡ã¢ããŒã»ã¢ã ã©(اؚ٠عÙÙ
ÙØ±ÙÙ)ã®ååã«ã€ãµãŒã³(Ú©ÛØ³Ø§Ù)ã«ç±æ¥ããããåè
ãæå説ã§ããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯é èšè
ã ãã³ããã®åŸåŒã§ç¬¬4代ã«ãªãã®ã¢ãªãŒãšãã®åå«ã®ã¿ããã€ã¹ã©ã å
±åäœã®æå°è
ãšããŠãµããããã€ããŒã ã®è³æ Œããããšèããã ã¹ãªã (ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸ)ã®ããšã§ããããã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸã®äººã
ã¯ã¢ãªãŒã®æ«åã ãã³ããã»ã€ãã³ã»ãããã£ãŒã€ãšãã人ç©ãçæ£ãªã€ããŒã ã§ãããšã¿ãªãããããã«å¯ŸããŠãã€ããŒã 掟ãã¶ã€ã掟ãªã©ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®ä»ã®æŽŸã®å€ãã¯ãã ãã³ããã»ã€ãã³ã»ãããã£ãŒã€ã®ç°æ¯å
ã§ãã¢ãªãŒãšã ãã³ããã®åšãã¡ãŒãã£ãã®éã®æ¯åã§æ¯æ¹ãéããŠã ãã³ããã®è¡ãçŽæ¥åŒãããµã³ãããµã€ã³ãšãã®åå«ãã€ããŒã ãšããŠæšæŽããŠããç¹ã«æ ¹æ¬çãªçžéãããã
ãã®æŽŸã®åæã®æå°è
ã ãã¿ãŒã«ã¯ã685幎ã«ã€ããŒã ãšããŠæšæŽããã ãã³ããã»ã€ãã³ã»ãããã£ãŒã€ããããã£ãŒ(æäžäž»ãã¡ã·ã¢)ã§ãããšå®£èšããèªãã¯ãã®ä»£ç人(ã«ãªã)ãåä¹ã£ãŠã¢ãªãŒã®ãã€ãŠã®æ¬æ å°ã§ããã€ã©ã¯ã®ã¯ãŒãã¡ã§æ±ºèµ·ãããŠãã€ã€æã«å¯ŸããŠã ãã¿ãŒã«ã®ä¹±ãšåŒã°ããåä¹±ãèµ·ããããã ãã¿ãŒã«ã®å¢åã¯äžæã¯ã€ã©ã¯äžåž¯ãå¶èŠããã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸåœå®¶ã圢æãããã687å¹Žã«æ¬æ å°ã®ã¯ãŒãã¡ãèœãšãããŠæ»
ãŒããããããã«åä¹±é®å§åŸã«æ®ã£ãã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸã®äººã
ããã ãã³ããã»ã€ãã³ã»ãããã£ãŒã€ã700å¹Žã«æ»ã¬ãšããããã£ãŒããã ãã³ããã»ã€ãã³ã»ãããã£ãŒã€ãæ»ãã ããšãèªãããæäžäž»ãšããŠåèšããæ¥ãŸã§å¹œå¥çã«èº«ãé ããŠããã®ã ãšèããæŽŸãšãã ãã³ããã®éºå
ãæ¬¡ä»£ã®ã€ããŒã ãšããŠæšæŽããŠããããšããæŽŸãšã«åè£ããããã®åŸãã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸã¯ã誰ãã€ããŒã ãšèªãããã®åé¡ã«ãã£ãŠåè£ãç¹°ãè¿ããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«è¡°ããŠ8äžçŽã®éã«åäºã€ããŒã 掟ãªã©ã«åžåãããæ¶æ»
ããã
ã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸã®åè£ãšè¡°éã®éçšã§ã¯ãã¢ãããŒã¹å®¶ã®ãŠãã€ã€å®¶æåã®é©åœéåã«ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸããç©æ¥µçã«åå ããã¢ãããŒã¹æã®ã«ãªããã€ããŒã ã§ãããšäž»åŒµããæŽŸããããããŠããã
ãããã£ãŒããã€ããŒã ãäžçã®çµæ«ã«ãããŠæäžäž»ãšããŠåèšãããŸã§å¹œå¥çã«é é(ã¬ã€ã)ãããŠããã®ã ãšããææ³ã¯ã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸã«ãã£ãŠåããŠçšããããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ãªã©ä»ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®è«žæŽŸã«åãå
¥ãããããããã®æçŸ©åœ¢æã«ãããŠå€§ããªåœ¹å²ãæããããšã«ãªãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E6%B4%BE
|
6,144 |
åäºã€ããŒã 掟
|
åäºã€ããŒã 掟(ãã
ãã«ã€ããŒã ã¯ãäž»æ Œãã¢ã©ãã¢èª: Ø§ÙØ§Ø«Ùا Ø¹ØŽØ±ÙØ©ã屿 Œã»å¯Ÿæ Œãã¢ã©ãã¢èª: Ø§ÙØ§Ø«ÙÙ Ø¹ØŽØ±ÙØ©ããã«ã·ã¢èª: ØŽÛØ¹Ù Ø¯ÙØ§Ø²Ø¯ÙاÙ
اÙ
Ûãã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³èª: On iki imam ÅiÉliyi)ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ã æã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸãã€ã©ã³ãã€ã©ã¯ãã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ãã¬ããã³ãªã©ã«ååžããã€ã©ã³ã®åœæã§ãããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸè«žæŽŸã®äžã§ã¯æãä¿¡è
ã®æ°ãå€ãæå€§æŽŸã§ããããã®ããã«å€éšã®èгå¯è
ããã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äž»æµæŽŸãšèŠãããããšãå€ããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯å ±éãªã©ã§åã«ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸããšãã£ãå Žåã¯åäºã€ããŒã 掟ãæãããšãã»ãšãã©ã§ãããåäºã€ããŒã ãšããååã¯ãæŽå²äž12人ã®ã€ããŒã (ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæå°è
)ãçŸããããšã«ããã
åäºã€ããŒã 掟ã«ãããŠã¯ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæå°è
ã§ããã€ããŒã ã®å°äœã¯ãå代ã¢ãªãŒ(661幎没)以éãåäºä»£ç®ãŸã§ã ãã³ããã®åå«ã«ãã£ãŠç¶æ¿ãããããããŠåäºä»£ã€ããŒã ã®æããã®ã€ããŒã ã人ã
ã®åããå§¿ãæ¶ãããããã¯èšèéãã®æå³ã§ã¯ãªããäžçã®å
åŽãããã¯ååšã®èŠãã¬æ¬¡å
ã«ãé ãããããšãã(9äžçŽããããã10äžçŽåé )ããã®ãé ãã(ã¬ã€ã)ã®ç¶æ
ã¯çŸåšã«è³ã£ãŠãç¶ããŠãããæçµçã«ã¯æåŸã®å¯©å€ã®æ¥ã«ã€ããŒã ã¯åèšãããšä¿¡ããããŠãããä¿¡å¥ããŠããæ³åŠæŽŸ(ããºãã)ã¯ããžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«æ³åŠæŽŸã§ããã
ã€ã©ã³ãã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ã§ã¯åäºã€ããŒã 掟ãå§åç倿°ãå ããçŸä»£ã®ãã«ã·ã¢äººãã¢ãŒãªãŒäººã«ãšã£ãŠåäºã€ããŒã æŽŸã¯æ°æã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ãŒã®äžã€ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãé ããã«åºã¥ãåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã«ç¹åŸŽçãªæ¿æ²»ææ³ã«ãã€ããŒã åèšãŸã§ã®ããã äžåšã®ã€ããŒã ã®ä»£çãšããŠã€ã¹ã©ã æ³åŠè
ãä¿¡è
ãæå°ã§ãããšãããã®ãããã20äžçŽã«ãã¡ã€ããŒã®æå±ãããæ³åŠè
ã®çµ±æ²»è«ããšããã«åºã¥ãã€ã©ã³ã»ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã é©åœã§ã¯ããã®ææ³ã粟ç¥çæ¯æ±ãšãªã£ãã
è¡çžé¢ä¿ãéèŠããçµæãããé èšè
ã ãã³ããã®åšãã¡ãŒãã£ãã®åã2代ç®3代ç®ãç¶ãã ããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«è¡çµ±ãéçµ¶ãããªã©ãã(ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸååæŽŸ)ã¶ã€ã掟ã¯ç¬¬äºä»£ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ç¬¬äžä»£ã®ã€ããŒã ã誰ã«ããŠããã§å掟ããããã®ã»ãã«åäºã€ããŒã 掟ã®å
éšã®åŠæŽŸã«ã18äžçŽã«ã·ã£ã€ãã»ã¢ãããã»ã¢ããµãŒã€ãŒã説ããã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸãããã19äžçŽã«ããŒãæãããã€æãçãŸããŠããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ã¢ãªãŒã¯ãã¢ã¹ã¯ãéäŒã§èª¬æåž«ãšããŠäººã
ã«è©±ãããã®å€§åã¯è©±ãæé ããããã£ãŒã¹ã®åœé ãæããªãã£ã説話è
ãã¡ãããã®çµ±æ²»ã®åæã«ã¢ã¹ã¯ãã远ãåºããèªãã®èª¬è©±ã§ãã£ãŠã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®ç¥èãèªã£ããã€ããŒã ã»ã¢ãªãŒã®è¬è©±ã話ã®äžéšã¯ããžã¥ã©æŠ4äžçŽã«ã»ã€ãšãã»ã©ãºã£ãŒã«ãã£ãŠãéåŒã®éããšé¡ãããéæã«ãŸãšããããããŸã圌ã®çŽäžäžäžåã®æ Œèšã¯ãè³äžã®æºæ
§ãšèšèã®ç ããšé¡ããŠãŸãšããããŠããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ã¢ãªãŒã¯é èšè
ãéå»ããåŸãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ãšã ã¹ãªã ãã¡ã®åºæ¬ç責任è
ããããšãããããããããã25幎éã統治ã®èµããšãæå°è
ãšãªãããšã¯ãªãã£ãã圌ã¯åŸ®åŠãªæ¡ä»¶äžã§ãæ©ã¿ã ããã°ããã®ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ãæµãåœåè
ãã¡ã®ææããå®ããåæŽŸãåè£ãèµ·ãããªããããæ£é¢ããã®è¡çªãé¿ããããããã統治ã¯ç¢ºåºãšããåœŒã®æš©å©ã§ããããšã説ãããšãæ§ããããšã¯ãªãã£ãã
ãããŠãã®éãã€ããŒã ã¯è«žäºã®æ¹åãªãã³ã«é èšè
ã®ããæ¹ãžã®ååž°ããããŠã«ãªããã¡ãçŽé¢ã解決ã§ããªãåé¡ã解決ããããã«å¯èœãªéãåªåããã圌ã¯ãã®å
¬æ£ãªããæ¹ã§ã人ã
ã«ãç¹ã«æ°ããäžä»£ã«é èšè
ã®è¡ã®é
åçãªæ§çžã瀺ãããšãã§ãããã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ã®çåžçãåžççãªè±ªå¥¢çµ¢çãã«å¯ŸããŠã圌ã¯è²§ããè
ãã¡ã«åãããŸãã§æãè²§ããè
ã®äžäººã®ãããªç掻ãããããã®çµ±æ²»ã¯å
¬æ£ã»å¹³çã»æ¬èã§æåŸ³ãªçµ±æ²»ã§ãããæ°é«ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã人ã
ã«ç޹ä»ãããã®ã ã£ããããããã¯ãªãŒãžã¥æŽŸã®ããã®ç ç²ãšãªãæ®æããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ã¢ãªãŒã®åŸãã€ããŒã ã»ããµã³ã®æå°ãå§ãŸãã人ã
ã¯åœŒã«å¿ èª ã®èªããç«ãŠããããããã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ãããã«å察ããæŠããå§ãŸã£ãããããæ°ã«æåŸã«åè§£ãã幎éãšåŒãæãã«ã«ãªãäœãæŸæ£ãããã€ããŒã ã»ããµã³ã®éèŠãªåœ¹å²ã¯ãã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ã®å
é¢ãšãã®çµ±æ²»æ©é¢ã®æ¬è³ªãæŽããããšã§ãããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«ã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ã®çµ±æ²»ã¯åŽ©ããã€ããŒã ã»ããµã€ã³ã®æ±ºèµ·ã®äžå°ãäœãããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ããµã€ã³ã¯ã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ã®æä»£ã«ã¯å
ã§ããã€ããŒã ã»ããµã³ãšåãçç±ã«ããããžããŒãã«çæããã®ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã 瀟äŒã®ããã«ãªããªããšã¿ãªãããã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ãæ»å»ããã€ããŒã ã»ããµã³ãšã®è¬åææžã®é
ç®ã«åããŠèªãã®åã®ããã«äººã
ããå¿ èª ã®èªããåãä»ãããšãè«žç¶æ³ã¯äžå€ãããã€ããŒã ã»ããµã€ã³ã¯ã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ã®æ¯åã§ããã€ãºã£ãŒããã«ãªããšãªãããšãèªããããã€ã¢(è£åŸã®èªã)ãæåŠãããåææãã¢ãªãŒããã€ãŠæ²»ããŠããã¯ãŒãã¡ãããæå°è
ãšããŠæ¥ãŠæ¬²ãããšããæšã®æçŽãæ¥ãããã«ãããã«å¿ããŠäžæéå
ãé£ãã€ã©ã¯ãžåãã£ãããšããããã¯ãŒãã¡ã®æ°ãšããµã€ã³ã®åæã¯ãŠãã€ã€æã®ç¥ããšãããšãªããã¯ãŒãã¡ã®çºã¯å¹³å®ãããããµã€ã³ã®äžæã¯ã«ã«ãã©ãŒã§å
å²ãããæŠéã®åŸãäžæãããšã殺害ããããèŽäœããåãé¢ãããããµã€ã³ã®é éšã¯ãŸãã¯ãŒãã¡ã«éã°ããã€ãºã£ãŒãã«å·®ãåºããããã€ããŒã ã»ããµã€ã³ã¯åœŒã®å
åŒãã¢ãã³ããã»ãããã£ã¢ã«éºèšããããããŠãèªåã®è¡åã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ãæãè¡åãšé©åœã®åæ©ã¯ã人éçæ¬²æãå奜ã®ããã§ã¯ãªããæãç®çã¯å èœè
æãå§å¶ã®ããã§ã¯ãªããããç¥ç¶ããªãã¡é èšè
ã®ä¿¡è
å
±åäœ(ãŠã³ã)ãçŽä¹±ããç¶æ³ãæ¹åããããšãå§åçŠæªã®ããã§ããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ããµã€ã³ã®æ±ºèµ·ã¯ãè
æããã«ãªãæ©é¢ã«å¯Ÿããæåã®éå£çæŠè£
èèµ·ã§ãããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ãšã«ãªãæ©é¢ãå¥ã®ãã®ãšããŠèããåå ãšãªã£ãã
第4代ã€ããŒã ã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã¶ã€ãã«ã¢ãŒããã£ãŒã³ããšã€ããŒã ã»ãµããžã£ãŒãã®æä»£ã¯å³ããéå¡çç¶æ
ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã äžçã®é
ã
ã«ãŸã§è³ãææ³çã»é埳çè¡°éã®æä»£ã§ãã£ãããã®ããã«ãã€ããŒã ã¯ç¥ç¥·ã®çšèªãéžãã§äœ¿ãããã®åœ¢åŒã§ç¥è(ãã¢ãŒã¬ã)ãæãã人ã
ã«ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®æããåºãããåŸåçã¯è¿œæŒã«æãæ®ãããããç¥ãã®äººããšããæå³ã§ããããµããžã£ãŒãããšç§°ããããããµããžã£ãŒãã®ç¥ç¥·éãã¯ãä¿¡æ¡ããšã«ãã¡ãŒã³ã瀟äŒã®æ§ã
ãªåéã§ã®ç¥èãæã€54ã®ç¥ç¥·ãå«ã¿ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æŽå²äžãä¿¡åŸãã¡ã®èšè²ã®åœ¹å²ãæãããŠãããããã«å ãããåäºç¥ç¥·ããšããŠæåãªãšã«ãã¡ãŒã³çä¿¡æ¡ã®å
容ãæã€15ã®ç¥ç¥·ããã®ã€ããŒã ã«åž°ããããŠããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ããŒãã«ãšããã®æ¬¡ã®ã€ããŒã ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã®æä»£ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã£å€å
žã®ç¿»èš³ãææ³ãã€ããªãã®ãŒçéäºã®æ¡å€§ã圌ããšã¯çžå¯Ÿãã諞ç念ãè«žå®æŽŸã®åºçŸãšéãªã£ãã圌ãã®åœ¹å²ã¯ãããã£ãæ··æ²ã®äžãèªãã®ç¥èãåºããå¢åãæ¡å€§ããããšã§ãã£ãã
ã€ããŒã ã»ãµããžã£ãŒãã®è«žæŽ»åã®ãããã§ã第äºä»£ã€ããŒã ã»ããŒãã«ã®æä»£ã«ã¯ç¶æ³ãæ¹åããããã€ããŒã ã»ããŒãã«ã¯äººã
ã«å¯ŸããŠåœæã®äžæ£ãªç°å¥ªè
ã§ãã統治è
ãã¡ã®é©æ Œæ§ã«çåãåããæå°ãšã«ãªãã«é¢ããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®èŠæ¹ã説ãããããªãæŠåã«ããéäºã¯äžé©åãšã¿ãªããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã®æä»£ã¯ãããã«ãŠãã€ã€ææ¯é
ã®åŒ±äœåãšæ»
亡ãã¢ãããŒã¹ææ¯é
ã®ç§»è¡ãšéãªããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã åŠã®åžæã®å¿
èŠæ§ãé«ãŸã£ããã€ããŒã ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã«ããè¬çŸ©ã«ã¯4å人以äžãã®åŠèè
ãéãŸãããã®äžã«ã¯ã¹ã³ã掟ã®è«žæ³åŠæŽŸã®éç¥ãã¡ããããåœææåã§ãã£ãå¯ç©è«è
ãšã®èšè«ã«ãããŠã€ããŒã ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®è«žä¿¡æ¡ãå®ããçæ§è«ãšè«èšŒåŠãæ®ããããšããããã¢ãã¡ãã¶ã«ã®å¯äžæ§è«ãã¯åœŒã®åªããæ¥çžŸã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãããããã¯ç¥åŠã®åéã§ã圌ãæåã®äžäººã¢ãã¡ãã¶ã«ã«æãããã®ã§ããããã®ã€ããŒã ããã¯æ°äžãã®ããã£ãŒã¹ãæ§ã
ãªåéã«ãããŠæ®ãããŠãããæåã®äžäººã¢ããŒã»ãµã€ãŒãã»ã¢ããŒã³ã ãã§ã3åãã®ããã£ãŒã¹ãã€ããŒã ããäŒããŠãããã€ããŒã ã»ãžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã®æããããããã圱é¿ã¯åäºã€ããŒã ã»ã·ãŒã¢ããžã£ã¢ãã¡ãªãŒã»ã·ãŒã¢ãšãåŒã°ããã»ã©ã§ãã£ããã·ãŒã¢ã®ç¥è(ãã¢ãŒã¬ã)ã®å€ãã圌ã«ãã£ãŠããããã§ããã
ã¢ãããŒã¹æã®ç»å Žã§ãåã³æ¥µããŠå³ããéå¡ç¶æ
ãšãªã£ããã¢ãããŒã¹æç¬¬äºä»£ã«ãªãã»ãã³ã¹ãŒã«ã®æä»£ãã¢ãªãŒã®åŸè£ãã¡ã¯æ°å€ãã®æ·åãèŠé£ãåãããã€ããŒã ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã¯ãã®æéãéäºãä¿¡ä»°é ã(ã¿ã®ãŒã€ã§)ãšãšãã«ç¶ç¶ãããã«ãããããããã¢ãããŒã¹å®¶ã®ã«ãªãã¯ã€ããŒã ã®æå³ãç¥ã£ãŠããããã«ãåœŒãæ°åã«ããã远æŸããŠè
ããæçµçã«ã¯æ®æãããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ã¶ãŒãã£ã¯ã®åŸã第äžä»£ã€ããŒã ã»ã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ãã€ããŒã ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã®ãã¯ã¿ã(ç念)ãç¶æ¿ãããåœŒã®æä»£ã«ãã圌ãšçžå¯Ÿãããããªãã¯ã¿ãã諞å
掟ãååšããŠãããã€ããŒã ã»ã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ãšãã®åŒåãã¡ã¯ããã®ãããªãã¯ã¿ãã®æå°è
ãã¡ãšã®èšè«ã«åªãããã€ããŒã ã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ããäŒããæ³åŠã®äŒæ¿ã¯ç¬¬äºä»£ã€ããŒã 䞊ã³ã«ç¬¬å
代ã€ããŒã ã«æ¬¡ãã§å€ãã
ãã®æä»£ãããã³ã¹ãŒã«ã®ã«ãªãäœãçµãããŸã§ãåãç¶æ
ãç¶ããããã³ã¹ãŒã«ã®åŸãããŒã«ãŒã³ã»ã¢ãã©ã·ãŒããã«ãªãäœãç¶ããŸã§ã®éã¯ãäºæ
ã®æ¹åãèŠããããããããããŒã«ãŒã³ãã«ãªãäœãç¶æ¿ãããšãåã³å³ããç¶æ³ã«è¿œã蟌ãŸãããã«ããããããã€ããŒã ã»ã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ã¯æ¿æ²»çãªåªåãç¶ç¶ããã«ãªãåŽãç°å¥ªè
ãšããç«å Žããšã£ããäŸãã°ãããŒã«ãŒã³ããã¡ãã¯å°æãã€ããŒã ã«è¿éããããšãããšãã€ããŒã ã¯ããã«å¿ããŠã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®é åå¢çããã¡ãã¯ã®å¢çãšããŠèšæããããããŠã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®é åå
šãŠã«å¯Ÿãã統治暩ããããããŸã«ããŒã«ãŒã³ããèŠæ±ãããããã¯åœæã®æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãããŠæããããããŸãã€æãéæ¿ãªæ¿æ²»çç«å Žã§ãã£ãããŸããã€ããŒã ã»ã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ã¯ãµãã¡ãŽã¡ãŒã³ã»ãžã£ã³ããŒã«ãšè¡çªããããšãæ¿æ²»çãªåªåãç¶ç¶ããã«ãªãåŽãç°å¥ªè
ãšããç«å Žããšã£ãäžäŸã§ãããã€ããŒã ã®è¿œéè
ã®äžäººã§ãããµãã¡ãŽã¡ãŒã³ã¯ã圌ã®ã©ã¯ãã巡瀌ã®ããã«ããŒã«ãŒã³ã«è²žããŠãããã€ããŒã ã»ã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ã¯ãããç¥ã圌ã«å±è²¬ãããããªãçš®é¡ã§ãã£ãŠãäžæ£ãªãã«ãªããšã®ååãçŠæ¢ãããããããã¢ãªãŒã»ã€ãã³ã»ã€ã°ãã£ãŒã³ãã€ããŒã ã®èš±å¯ã®ããšã§ãããŒã«ãŒã³ã®å®°çžãšããŠãã€ããŒã ã®ç®çãå
·çŸããããã«å°œåããå Žåã¯äŸå€ãšããã
ã«ãªãã¯æ¥ã«æ¥ã«ã€ããŒã ã«å¯Ÿããç· ãä»ãã匷ããŠãã£ããæçµçã«ã«ãªãã®åœã«ãããã€ããŒã ã»ã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ã¯ã¡ãã£ãã®é èšè
ã¢ã¹ã¯ã§ã®ç€Œææã«æãããæçããããããã«ãã¹ã©ããã¯ããŒãã«é£è¡ãããæ°å¹Žã«ããã£ãŠç¢çããããåãã«ãããæå¥ãæ®æããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ãæ®æããåŸã第å
«ä»£ã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã®æä»£ãå§ãŸã£ããã¢ãªãŒã»ãªããŒã¯ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸ12ã€ããŒã 掟ãåœæãšããã€ã©ã³ã§ã¯ã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããããããã§ã¯ã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒãšãããã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã®æä»£ã«ã¯ãã¢ãããŒã¹æã«ãªãã»ãã¢ã ãŒã³ã®æèã«ãã£ãŠäžçäžã®è«žå®æã諞ç念ã®å€§å®¶ãåŠè
ãã¡ãšã®å
¬åŒèšè«äŒãå·ãè¡ãªããããã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒããã®äŒã«åå ããããã«ãã£ãŠå€ãã®äººãã¡ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ãšã·ãŒã¢ã«å
¥ä¿¡ããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã®æä»£ã§ãã20幎éã®ãã¡10幎ã¯ããŒã«ãŒã³ãã«ãªãã®äœã«ãã£ãææã§ãã£ãã第å
«ä»£ã€ããŒã ã¯ãã®æéãä¿¡ä»°é ãã§éãããããã®ææã¯ç¬¬å代ã€ããŒã ã»ãµããžã£ãŒãã®æä»£ãšé¡äŒŒããŠãããã€ãŸããããšãã¢ãªãŒã®åŸè£ã§ããã»ã€ã€ãšãéã®èèµ·ããªãç¶ããŠãããã€ããŒã å人ã圌ãã®æ¯ãã§ãã£ããšããŠãã第äžä»£ã€ããŒã ããéã眮ããããŠãã®æ¥é²çãªç«å Žãç¹°ãè¿ãããšã¯äžå©ã§ãã£ããæ¬¡ã®8幎ã¯ã¢ããŒã³ãšãã¢ã ãŒã³ãã«ãªãã®æä»£ã§ãã£ãããã®æéã¯æ¯é
ãå·¡ã£ãŠå€ãã®äºãããããããããæ¡ä»¶äžã§ãã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã¯æŽ»åãæ¡å€§ããããšãã§ãããå€ãã®äººã
ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã«æ¹å®ããããããèŠãã«ãªãã»ãã¢ã ãŒã³ã¯ãã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã«ç倪åã®å°äœãé²èšããããã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã¯ãããšéã£ãããæçµçã«ã¯æ¡ä»¶ä»ãã§åãå
¥ããããã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯äŸãã°ãã«ãªãã»ãã¢ã ãŒã³ãã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã®ä»äºãã€ããŒã ã®åã®ããšã§çºããããéåæ³çãªçµ±æ²»ãæ£åœåããããšããªãããã«ãã€ããŒã ã®çµ±æ²»ãåžæ³ãä»»å®çœ·å
ã«å¹²æžããªãããšã§ãã£ããã€ããŒã ã¯ãåãããèªåã®ç«å Žã衚æããã圌ã®ç倪åäœã®ããã«çšæãããéäŒã§ã®æåã®æŒèª¬ã§ã統治ã¯èªåã®æãããªãæš©å©ã§ãããšæçœã«å®£èšããã«ãªããã匷奪ãèšæãããã€ããŒã ãç倪åã§ãã£ãæéã¯äžå¹ŽããŸãããç¶ããªãã£ããããã®éãã€ããŒã ã¯æŽ»åãç¶ããã€ãã«ã«ãªãã»ãã¢ã ãŒã³ã¯ã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒãæ®æãããã
æåŸã®ã€ããŒã ãã¡ã®æä»£ã¯æ¯é
è
ã®å³ããç· ãä»ãã«çæãããããŸã§ã®ã€ããŒã ãã¡ã瀺ããç¥èãéžè±ããªãããã«åªããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã®æ®æã§ãã£ãŠãã€ããŒã ãã¡ã«ããæ°ããªåªåã®æä»£ãå§ãŸã£ãããããã¯é èšè
ã®å®¶ã®äººãã¡ã«ãšã£ãŠèŠé£ã®æä»£ã§ããã£ããã€ããŒã æä»£ã®äžã§ã第ä¹ä»£ã€ããŒã ã»ãžã£ãŽã¡ãŒã以éã¯ãé èšè
ã®å®¶ã®äººãã¡ã«ãšã£ãŠãææªã®ææã§ãã£ãã
ã«ãªãã»ãã¢ã ãŒã³ã¯èšè«éäŒãéãã幌ãããŠã€ããŒã ãšãªã£ãã€ããŒã ã»ãžã£ãŽã¡ãŒããæµã«è«ç Žããã人ã
ã®ä¿¡é Œã倱å¢ãããããšãããã«ãªãæ©é¢ã¯æ¥ã«æ¥ã«ç£èŠã匷ããæçµçã«ã€ããŒã ã»ãžã£ãŽã¡ãŒããæ®æããã以å€ã«éã¯ãªãã£ããã€ããŒã ã»ãžã£ãŽã¡ãŒãã®æ¬¡ã®ç¬¬å代ã€ããŒã ã»ããŒãã£ã¯ç¬¬å代ã«ãªãã»ã ã¿ã¯ããã«ã®åŸè
ãã«ãªãã«ãã¡ãã«ãšã¡ãã£ãã®æ°è¡ãã€ããŒã ã«åŸãããšãæ±ããŠãããšæžãéããã€ããŒã ããã®å远æŸããããã«æ±ãããŸã§ã«è³ã£ããã«ãªãã¯ã€ããŒã ã»ãžã£ãŽã¡ãŒãããµãŒããã©ãŒã«å¬åãããã€ããŒã ã»ãžã£ãŽã¡ãŒãã¯20幎éãã¢ã¹ãã£ã«ããšããå°åºã§é§å±¯è»ã«å²ãŸãã宿²ã®ç£èŠã®ããšãã€ãã«æ®æããã
圌ã®åŸã®ã€ããŒã ã»ããµã³ã»ã¢ã¹ãã£ãªãŒãããã®ã€ããŒã äœã¯6幎以äžã«åã°ãªãã£ããã®ã®ãåããããªæ¡ä»¶äžã«ãã£ããã«ãªãæ©é¢ããã®åŒ·ãç£èŠãåããã»ãšãã©ã®æéæçãããŠãããåæ§ã«ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸä¿¡åŸãã¡ãè»åãçºãããšããªãããã«ãã«ãªãæ©é¢ã¯è³éã®é¢ãããå³ããå¶çŽãããã圌ãã®ãããªãçš®é¡ã®åæãå³ãã匟å§ãã第11代ã€ããŒã ã»ããµã³ã»ã¢ã¹ãã£ãªãŒãæ®æ»ããã
ã€ããŒã ã»ããµã³ã»ã¢ã¹ãã£ãªãŒã®æ¯åã§ãã第åäºä»£ã€ããŒã ããšãé ãã€ããŒã ã§ããã ãã³ããã»ã ã³ã¿ã¶ã«ã®ã€ããŒã äœã¯ãããã5æ³ã«æºããããŠå§ãŸã£ãã
åœæã®ç¶æ³ãèããã°ãããã€ããŒã ãå
¬è¡ã«å§¿ãçŸãã°ãè¥ãããŠæ®æããç¶ãšåãéã蟿ãããšã«ãªããããã€ããŒã ã»ã ãã³ããã»ã ã³ã¿ã¶ã«ã¯å§¿ãé ãããããã«69幎ç¶ããå°ãé ãæä»£ããå§ãŸã£ãããã®æéãã€ããŒã ã»ã ãã³ããã»ã ã³ã¿ã¶ã«ã¯4人ã®ä»£çãä»ããŠæ°è¡ãšéæ¥çã«é£çµ¡ãåã£ãã圌ãã¯ãå代代çããšããŠç¥ãããŠãããã€ããŒã ã»ã ãã³ããã»ã ã³ã¿ã¶ã«ã¯æ°è¡ããã®è³ªçã«åœŒããä»ããŠçãã人ã
ã®åé¡ã解決ãããããããŠã倧ãé ããã®äžå°ãåãããã倧ãé ããæä»£ã¯ã940幎ããã€ããŒã ã®åèšãŸã§ãšãããå®å
šã«ã€ããŒã ãšã®æ¥è§Šãçµ¶ãããææãšããŠèªèãããŠããããé ãã€ããŒã ã¯çŸãŠã³ããå°ãæé«ã®æå°è
ã§ãããšåæã«ãäºåãããŠããæäžäž»ãããã£ãŒã§ãããšã¿ãªãããŠããã
ã€ããŒã åºæã®çŸ©åã®äžã€ã¯ããå
é¢çå°ããã§ããããããé ãã®æä»£ã«ãã£ãŠããã€ããŒã ã¯å
é¢çå°ãã«ãããŠæŽ»çºãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠãããããã«ã€ããŒã ã¯çå®ãæ±ãã人ãã¡ã«æ§ã
ãªæ¹æ³ã§å®æäžã®åŠèãççãç¥èã®è¿œæ±äžã§ã®è«žåé¡ã«ãããŠåæ·»ããããåœŒã®æåã§ãã£ãŠåé¡ãè§£ããã人ã
ã¯ã€ããŒã ã®ååšãå°ãã鿥çã«äº«åããã
åäºã€ããŒã 掟ã¯ãæŽå²çã»ç¥åŠçã«ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®äžã§ç¹ç°ãªäœçœ®ãå ããŠãããçµå±ã®ãšãããã¹ã³ã掟ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸäž¡æŽŸã®çžéã®æ ¹æºã¯ãéçæå°è
ã€ããŒã ãèªç¥ãããåŠãã®ç¹ã«å°œãããããã¯åºæ¬çã«æçŸ©ç(ç¥åŠç)è°è«ã§ãããæ ¹æºã«ãããŠèããçžéãããã°ãããããæŽŸçãã諞ã
ã®ç¹ã«ãããŠãéããçŸããã®ã¯å¿
å®ã§ãããã€ãŸããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ã¯ãããã宿çè«è°ã®åºæ¬ãšããŠã€ããŒã ã®æš©åšãå¿
é ã®æ¡ä»¶ãšããã®ã§ãã£ãŠã圌ãã«çµã³ã€ããªãäŒæ¿ã¯ä¿¡ææ§ãçãããããšã«ãªãã
äžè¬ã«ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ã¯èªãã®èŠè§£ã®åºæ¬ãé èšè
ã®å®¶æã®äžã§ãç¹ç°ãªæ§æå¡ã§ããã€ããŒã ã®æç€ºã«çœ®ããã€ãŸããã¹ã³ã掟ã§ã¯é èšè
ã®äŒæ¿(ã¹ã³ã)ãåœŒã®æåãéããŠäŒããããéãã«å容ããããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ã¯åœŒã®å®¶æãéããŠåãå
¥ããã®ã§ãããå¥ã®é¢ããããã°ãã¹ã³ã掟æ³åŠæŽŸã§ã¯ã¡ãã£ã(ç¹ã«ããŒã¬ããŒæŽŸ)ãã€ã©ã¯(ç¹ã«ãããã£ãŒæŽŸ)ã®äž»èŠãªæ³åŠè
ã®èŠè§£ã«åŸãã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ã¯é èšè
ã®æ«è£ã§ããã€ããŒã ã®æèŠã«åŸããšããããšã§ãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžã§äž»æµã§ããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã§ã¯ãå
代ç®ã€ããŒã ã»ãžã£ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ãæ Œå¥ã«æ¢èŠãªäœçœ®ãå ããŠãããåæŽŸã¯ãžã£ãã¡ã«æŽŸãšãåŒã°ãã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ³åŠã§ã¯ãã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ãäŒæ¿(ã¹ã³ã)ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ³åŠè
ã®æèŠã®äžèŽ(ã€ãžã¥ããŒ)ãçæ§(ã¢ã¯ã«)ã®åã€ãæ³æºãšèªãããäŒæ¿ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãé èšè
ãšã€ããŒã ã«ãã£ãŠãªãããçºèšãè¡çºãæé»ã®äºè§£ãä¿¡é Œã§ããäŒæ¿è
ã«ãã£ãŠäŒãããããã®ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããã®ç¹ã§è峿·±ãç¹ã¯ãä¿¡é Œã§ããã¹ã³ã掟ã®äŒæ¿è
ã«ãããã®ã®æ¹ããéªæªãªã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äŒæ¿è
ã«ãããã®ããåªããŠãããšèããããŠããããšã§ãããäŒæ¿è
ã®èŠè§£ã¯ããŸãåé¡èŠãããŠããªãã
ã€ãžã¥ããŒã¯ããèªäœã§ã¯æ³æºãšã¯ãªããªããããããããã«ãã£ãŠã€ããŒã ã®èããç¥ãææ®µãšãªããããåäºãæ°ããã€ãžã¥ããŒã®æ©èœããããšèšãããããæãæåãªãã®ã¯ãã€ããŒã ãã¡ãååœäžãã®è¿ãã«ããæåãã¡ã®æèŠã®äžèŽã§ããã
åçªç®ã®çæ§ã®è¡äœ¿ã¯æ¥µããŠã·ãŒã¢æŽŸçã§ãããããã¯çŽç²çæ§ãªãã³ã«å®è·µçæ§ããåŒãåºãããæç¢ºãªå€æãæå³ããŠãããå®è·µçæ§ã®å¥œäŸãšããŠã¯ãå
¬æ£ã¯æ£ãããäžæ£ã¯æªã§ãããšãããããªå€æã§ãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æ³åŠåçã«ããã°ããçæ§ã®åœãããã®ã¯å
šãŠå®æã®åœãããã®ã§ãããããããã£ãŠã宿ã®èŠåã¯å¯äžçæ§ã®å€å®ã«ãã£ãŠå€æããããè¡çºãšãã®åæã®é¢ä¿ããªãããã®èŠå®ãšçŠæ¢ã®é¢ä¿ãªã©ã¯ãå
šãŠã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ³åŠã®æ¹æ³äžãåççåæã§ãããæ³çèŠåãèŠãåºãçŽç²çæ§ã«åºã¥ãæ³æºã§ããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ³åŠäžæãåºæ¬ãšãªãäŒæ¿éã¯é垞以äžã®4ã€ã§ããã
1کتاؚ اÙکاÙÛ Ø§ØšÙ Ø¬Ø¹ÙØ± Ù
ØÙ
Ø¯ØšÙ ÛØ¹ÙÙØš Ú©ÙÛÙÛ
2کتاؚ Ù
Ù ÙØ§ ÛØØ¶Ø±Ù Ø§ÙÙÙÛÙ Ù
ØÙ
د ؚ٠عÙÛ ØšØ§ØšÙÛ٠اÙÙÙ
Û
3ØªÙØ°ÛØš Ø§ÙØ§ØÚ©Ø§Ù
Ù
ØÙ
د ØšÙ ØØ³Ù Ø§ÙØ·ÙسÛ
4Ø§ÙØ§Ø³ØªØšØµØ§Ø± ÙÙÙ
ا اختÙÙ Ù
Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø®ØšØ§Ø±
ãŸããã®ä»ã«æåãªãã®ã«ãããŒã«ã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ã³ã¯ã«ããªã©ãããã
以äžåã€ã®æ³æºã¯ãäžçš®ã®è«ççææã®æ¹æ³(æ³åŠçšèªã§ã€ãžã¥ãã£ããŒã)ãçšããŠå®è·µããããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ã¯ããã®ã€ãžã¥ãã£ããŒãã¯åŠè
ãã¡ã«éããããã®ã§ããäžæ¹ãã¹ã³ã掟ã§ã¯åæã®åŠè
ã«éå®ãããŠããããããã£ãŠå
šãŠã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ³åŠè
ã¯ãªãããã®æ³ç倿ãäžãå Žåãèªããããã®æ³æºã調æ»ããªããã°ãªããªããã ãžã¥ã¿ãããä»ã®ã ãžã¥ã¿ããã®æèŠãæš¡å£ããããšã¯éåæ³ã§ããã
ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æ³åŠã§ã¯ãåãæ±ãäž»é¡ã«å¿ããŠå€§ããã€ããŒããŒã(ä¿¡ä»°ãå瀌ã«é¢ããèŠå®)ãšãã ã¢ãŒãã©ãŒã(äžä¿çãªå¶çºã«é¢ããèŠå®)ã®äºã€ã«åé¡ããããã¹ã³ã掟ãã·ã£ãã£ã€ãŒæŽŸæ³åŠè
ã§ãã£ãã¬ã¶ãŒãªãŒã¯ããã«çްååããŠãã€ããŒããŒããã¢ãã(äžè¬çäºæ)ãã ã³ãžã€ãŒã(ææžãä¿èšŒããäºæ)ããã³ã ããªã«ãŒã(ç Žæ»
ãããããäºæ)ã®åã€ã«åé¡ããŠããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ³åŠã§ã¯ããã®ä»ã¹ã³ã掟ã®å顿³ã®åœ±é¿ãåããªããMuhammad b. al-Hasan al-Hilliãåå顿³ã宿ãããä»£è¡šäœØŽØ±Ø§ÛØ¹Ø§ÙØ§Ø³ÙاÙ
ã§æç€ºããããã®å顿³ã¯ã以åŸã®æ³åŠè
ã«ç¶æ¿ããããããã«ãããšãæ³åŠã§æ±ãäž»é¡ã¯ãã€ããŒããŒãããŠã¯ãŒã(å¥çŽãããã§ã¯çžäºçãªçŸ©åã衚ã)ãã€ã«ã¢ãŒã(äžæ¹çãªçŸ©å)ããã³ã¢ãã«ãŒã ã§ããã
äŸãã°Shahid Awwalã¯ãããåããŠã宿äžã®èŠå®ã¯å°äžã§ã®ç掻ã«é¢ãããã®ã圌岞ã®ç掻ã«é¢ãããã®ãã©ã¡ããäžæ¹ã§ãããšãããåè
ãã ã¢ãŒãã©ãŒãã§ãããåŸè
ãã€ããŒããŒãã§ããããŸãã ã¢ãŒãã©ãŒãã¯ãå人ã®å¶çºã«é¢ãããã®ãšããã§ãªããã®ã«åé¡ãããããå人ã«é¢ãããªããã®ãã¢ãã«ãŒã ãšããã
ããã«æ³åŠè
ã®äžã«ã¯ãã€ããŒããŒããšã ã¢ãŒãã©ãŒããåé¡ããçç±ã¯ãåè
ãæ¬æ¥çã«ãã€çŸãããšåªäœæ§ã«ãããšèããè
ããããã€ãŸããä¿¡ä»°ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æåŸã«ãšã£ãŠãæããã¹ã矩åã§ããããã§ãããå
šãŠã®æ³åŠæžã§ã¯ãä¿¡ä»°ãå瀌ã«é¢ããèŠå®ããŸãå
ã«ããããäžä¿çå¶çºã«é¢ãããã®ã¯ãã®åŸã«ç¶ãã
ØŽØ±Ø§ÛØ¹Ø§ÙØ§Ø³ÙØ§Ù
ã®åå顿³ã«åŸããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ³åŠãåãæ±ãäž»é¡ã«ã€ããŠåèšãããäž»é¡ã¯å
šéšã§52ããã
1ä¿¡ä»°ã«é¢ããè¡çº(ã€ããŒããŒã)
ã»al-tahÄra(åç€Œçæœã)ã®æž
ã»al-salÄt
ã»al-zalÄt
ã»al-khums
ã»al-sawn
ã»al-i'ikÄf
ã»al-hajj
ã»al-'umrÄ
ã»al-jihÄd
ã»al-amr bi'l-ma'rÅ«f wa'l-nahy 'an al-munkar
2å¥çŽ
ã»al-tijÄra
ã»al-raឥn
ã»al-mufallas
ã»al-ឥajr
ã»al-dÄmÄn
ã»al-sulឥ
ã»al-sharika
ã»al-muážÄraba
ã»al-muzÄra'a wa'l- musÄqÄt
ã»al-wadÄ«'a
ã»al-'Äriya
ã»al-ijÄra
ã»al-wikÄla
ã»al-wuqÅ«f wa 'l-á¹£adaqÄt
ã»al-suknÄ wa' l-taឥbÄ«s
ã»al-hibÄt
ã»al-sabq wa'l-rimÄya
ã»al-waá¹£ÄyÄ
ã»al-nilÄឥ
3äžæ¹ç矩å
ã»al-á¹alÄq
ã»al-khu'l wa l'l-mubÄra'a
ã»al-zihÄl
ã»al-Ä«lÄ'
ã»al-li'Än
ã»al-'itq
ã»al-tadbÄ«r wa'l-mukÄtaba wa 'l-istÄ«lÄd
ã»al-iqrÄr
ã»al-ju'Äla
ã»al-aymÄn
ã»al-nadhr
4èŠå
ã»al-á¹£ayd wa'l-dhabÄឥa
ã»al-at'ima wa'l-ashriba
ã»al-ghaá¹£b
ã»al-shuf'a
ã»iឥyÄ' al-mawÄt
ã»al-luqaá¹a
ã»al-farÄ'iáž
ã»al-qaáža'
ã»al-shahÄdÄt
ã»al-ឥudÅ«d wa'l-ta'zÄ«rÄt
ã»al-qiá¹£Äá¹£
ã»al-diyÄt
ØŽØ±Ø§ÛØ¹Ø§ÙØ§Ø³ÙØ§Ù
ã¯åäºã€ããŒã 掟æ³åŠã«ãããŠæé«ã®æš©åšãæã€æžç©ã§ãããçŸåšãã€ã©ã³ãäžå¿ãšãã宿åŠé¢ã§åºæ¬çæç®ãšããŠç ç©¶ãããŠããã
ã¹ã³ã掟ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æ³åŠã®æ³æºãšããŠãæ§æ¥æ¬¡ã®åã€ãèªããããŠãããããªãã¡ãã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ãé èšè
ã®äŒæ¿ãå
±åäœã®ç·æã顿šã§ãããã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ã¯ç¥ã®èšèãã®ãã®ãšããŠæé«ã®æš©åšãæã€ããšã¯ãããŸã§ããªããããããããã¯æ³åŠã»ç¥åŠçè§£éã®å€§æ ã«éããªããçŸå®ã®å
·äœçåé¡ã«æ³åŠçè§£éãäžãéãæãéèŠãªæ³æºã¯é èšè
ã®äŒæ¿ã§ãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ã¯ãããã«å ããé èšè
ã ãã³ããããçŽæ¥ä»£çã賊äžãããåäºäººã®ã€ããŒã ã®äŒæ¿(ã¢ãããŒã«)ãæé«éèŠããããã®äŒæ¿éã¯10äžçŽãã12äžçŽã«ç·šçºãããããçŸåšãåäºã€ããŒã æŽŸã®æ³è§£éã«ãããŠæé«ã®æš©åšãæããŠããã
çŸå®ã®å
±åäœã§çºçããæ³çåé¡ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã«ãã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ãäŒæ¿ãçšããŠãååã«å¯ŸåŠã§ããªãå Žåã¯ãæ³è§£éè
ã®å人ç倿ãå ããããããšã«ãªãããã®å人ç倿ã¯ãã€ãžã¥ãã£ããŒããã€ã¹ãã£ããµãŒã³ããã€ãŒã¹ãã©ãŒã€ãŒãªã©ãå€æã®æ ¹æ ã®ç²Ÿç¢ºãã«å¿ããŠããŸãçšããããç®çã«å¿ããçšèªããããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ã¯ãæ£æçã§æ ¹æ ãè匱ãªã©ãŒã€ãŒããã€ãŒã¹ã¯æé€ãããã仿¹ãä¿¡é ŒåºŠã®é«ãäŒæ¿çæ ¹æ ã«åºã¥ããçæ§ãè¡äœ¿ããæ³ç倿ãã€ãžã¥ãã£ããŒãã§ããã
ã€ãžã¥ãã£ããŒãã®è¡äœ¿ã¯ãååãšããŠã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§çŠæ¢ãããããšã¯ãªãã£ããããããåäºäžçŽãŸã§ã¯ãããããããæé€ããåŸåããã£ããã®ã¡ã«ããã®éèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠæ³šæãåèµ·ããã®ããã¢ã³ãŽã«ææã«æŽ»èºããã¢ãã©ãŒãã»ãããªãŒã§ãã£ãããã以åŸããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæã«ãããŠããã®éèŠæ§ã¯èªèãããŠããããæä»£ã«åæ ããã»ã©æçœãªäºç¹ãšããŠçŸããªãã£ããããããåä¹äžçŽãžã®å€ããç®ã«ããããè¡äœ¿ã®å¯åŠãå·¡ã£ãŠãã€ãžã¥ãã£ããŒãã¯æ±ºå®çã«éèŠãªæ³æŠå¿µã§ãããšèããããããã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ããã
ãã®ææãæ³è§£éã®æ¹æ³ããããçŸçãªæäºãè¡ããããäžæ¹ã¯æ³çè§£éã«éããŠãã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ããã³é èšè
ãšã€ããŒã ã®äŒæ¿ã®å°ã¯äžåæ³æºãšããŠçšããã¹ãã§ã¯ãªããšããç«å Žãä»ã¯ã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ãäŒæ¿ã§åå察åŠã§ããªãæ°ããåé¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãè³æ Œãèªå®ãããæ³åŠè
ã®çæ§ç倿ã容èªããç«å Žã§ãããåè
ãã¢ãããŒãªãŒæŽŸ(äŒçµ±å¢šå®ã®äžæŽŸ)ãåŸè
ããŠã¹ãŒãªãŒæŽŸ(æ³åŠã®ååã«çæ§ã蚱容ããäžæŽŸ)ãšåŒãã ã
ã¢ãããŒãªãŒæŽŸã¯ããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæåã°ãã¢ãã©ãŒã»ã¢ããŒã³ã»ã¢ã¹ã¿ã©ããŒãã£ãŒã«ãã£ãŠç¢ºç«ãããããã®åºæ¬çç«å Žã«ããã°ãåäºä»£ç®ã€ããŒã ã®ããé ãã以åã以åŸãããã«ãããŠãä¿¡è
å
±åäœã®æ³çç¶æ³ã«ã¯äœãæ¬è³ªççžéãå€åã¯ãªããšèããããããã£ãŠãã€ããŒã äžåšã®æä»£ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ã¯å¥æ ŒãšããŠãæãéèŠãªæ³æºã¯ã€ããŒã ã®äŒæ¿ã ãã§ããããããŠããã®ãããªäŒæ¿ã®é倧æãšããŠã4ã€ã®äŒæ¿ã®ã¿ã容èªããã®ã§ããã
äŒæ¿éèŠã®ç«å Žã¯åŸ¹åºããŠãããäŸãã°ãããäŒæ¿ã®ä¿¡ææ§ãäžç¢ºãã§ãã£ãŠããåå€§äŒæ¿éã«æ¡é²ãããäŒæ¿ã§ããã°çæ£ãªãã®ãšã¿ãªããããŸããããè¡çºã®åŠ¥åœæ§ã«ã€ããŠäŒæ¿ã§ã¯å€å®ããªãããŠãããããã®è¡çºèªäœãçãããå Žåããã®è¡çºãè¡ãããšã¯æ
éã«æ§ãããããã«ã察ç«ããäŒæ¿ãè€æ°ããå Žåã¯ãã€ããŒã ã®èšè¡ãåªå
ãããããã§ã倿ã§ããªãå Žåã¯ããããã®äŒæ¿ã«ãåŸããªã(ã¿ã¯ãã³ã)ãšããç«å Žããšã£ãã
ãã®äŒæ¿éèŠã®ç«å Žã¯ããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæä»¥éãäžå
«äžçŽã«å
¥ã£ãŠãããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã®äž»æµãšãªã£ãŠãããç¹ã«ãçŸåšã®ã€ã©ã¯å
±ååœåéšå°åã§å掟ã®å¢åã¯é¡èã§ãã£ãããã®å°åã¯ã¢ã¿ããŒããšåŒã°ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®èå°ã§ããã宿çåŠåã®äžå¿å°ã§ãã£ããå代ã€ããŒã ã»ã¢ãªãŒ(ããžã£ã)ããäžä»£ç®ã€ããŒã ã»ãã»ã€ã³(ã«ã«ãã©ãŒ)ã®å¢å»ãªã©ãã€ããŒã ã«çžã®ããå°ãå€ãååšãããåœå¢ãšãã人çºçæŠå¿µãåžèãªæä»£ã®ããšã§ãããã€ã©ã³ãããæ°å€ãã®åªç§ãªåŠè
ãåŠçãè³¢è
ãæ±ããŠããŸã ã€ããŒã ãã¡ã®éåã«åŒãã€ãããããã®ããã«ã¢ã¿ããŒãã蚪ãããããããäžå
«äžçŽæ«ã«ãã®ã¢ã¿ããŒãã§ç°å€ãçãã€ã€ãã£ããã¢ãããŒãªãŒæŽŸã«å¯Ÿããæ»æããªãããã®ã§ããã
ãã®åæã®ææãšãªã£ãã®ãããããããŒããŒãšãã人ç©ã§ãã£ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ã¯ãã€ããŒã ã®ãé ã以åŸãçŸå¹Žã«äžäººæä»£ãå€ãã人ç©(ã¢ãžã£ããã)ãçŸãããšèšãããŠããããããããŒã«ãŒã¯ã¢ãžã£ãããã§ãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸåŠçã§åªã«æŽä»£ååã«å
¥ã人ç©ãšããŠé«ãè©äŸ¡ãããŠããã
ãããããŒããŒã¯ã1705幎ããšã¹ãã¡ãã¡ãŒã³ã®çºã§çãŸãããã€ã©ã¯ã®ããžã£ãã§ç éœããŠåŸãã€ã©ã³å西éšã®ããããŒã³ã®çºã«30幎æ»åšããããã®å°ã«ãããŠãåœæäžæã颚é¡ããŠããäŒçµ±äž»çŸ©ãæ²ããã¢ãããŒãªãŒæŽŸãåªå¢ã§ããã圌ã¯ãã®äžæŽŸã®åœ±é¿åãåé€ããæŽ»åãè¡ã£ãããã®åŸã€ã©ã¯ã«æ»ããã€ããŒã ã»ãã»ã€ã³æ®æã®å°ã«ã«ãã©ãŒãæ¬æ å°ãšããŠãã¢ãããŒãªãŒæŽŸã«å¯ŸããæŠããç¶ç¶ããã
åã¢ãããŒãªãŒæŽŸã®æžç©ãèããŠå掟ã®äž»åŒµã«åé§ãå ããäžæ¹ã§ã忣ãããŠã©ããŒã®æš©åšã極ååäžã®äººç©ã«éäžããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸå
šäœãçµ±åããããšäŒãŠãããããŠããã®ç«å Žã«å察ããè
ãç°ç«¯å®£èš(ã¿ã¯ãã£ãŒã«)ããããšã«ãã£ãŠãææµã®å¢åãåãã ãç®çéæã®ããã«ã¯æŽåãèŸããªãã£ããå¢åçãªæŽ»åã®çµæãåœŒãæ²¡ãã18äžçŽæ«ãã19äžçŽã®å€ããç®ã«ã¯ãã¢ãããŒãªãŒæŽŸã®å¢åã¯ãã»ãŒæœ°ããŠããŸã£ããšããããŠãããããããŠäŒæ¿éèŠã«å¯ŸããŠãçæ§ã®åããéããããªã¹ãŒãªãŒæŽŸãåãåŸãããã«ãªã£ãã
ãªã¹ãŒãªãŒæŽŸã®åå©ã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ã¿ããã®åå©ã§ãã£ããã¢ãžã¥ã¿ãããšã¯ãæ³è§£éã«ãããŠç¬èªã«çæ§ç倿ãäžãæ©èœ(ã€ãžã¥ãã£ããŒã)ãèš±å¯ããã宿åŠè
ã®ããšã§ãããå
æ¥ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã§ã¯èè·è
éçŽã¯ååšããªãããã誰ã§ãã£ãŠãäžå®ã®åŠçæ°Žæºã«éãããã®ã¯ãç¬èªã®æ³è§£éã«åºã¥ãè¡åããããšãã§ãããããããçŸå®ã«ã¯äžè¬ã®ä¿¡è
ãäžå®ã®åŠçæ°Žæºã«éããããšã¯æ¥µããŠå°é£ã§ãããã¢ãžã¥ã¿ããã«ãªãããã«ã¯ãéåžžäœå幎ãã®å¹ŽæãèŠããããã§ãããäŸãã°ãã¢ã©ãã¢èªãæåŠãå«çåŠãã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³è§£éåŠãäŒæ¿ãããèè
äŒãæ³åŠå«çãä»ã®å®æŽŸã®æçŸ©ãªã©ãå¹
åºãç¥èãå¿
èŠãšããããããã£ãŠãäžè¬ä¿¡è
ã¯ã ã¹ãªã ãšããŠã®å®æçã瀟äŒç矩åãéè¡ãããšãããã®è¡çºã®èŠç¯ãæäŸãã宿åŠè
ã«å©èšãæ±ããããããã¿ã°ãªãŒã(æš¡å£)ãšããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æçŸ©ã«ãããšãå
šãŠã®ä¿¡è
ã¯å°ãªããšãäžäººã®èŠç¯ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãæããªããã°ãªããªãããã®èŠç¯(æš¡å£)ã®å¯Ÿè±¡(æº)ããã«ãžã£ã¢ã»ã¢ã=ã¿ã°ãªãŒããšããããã«ãžã£ã¢ã»ã¢ã=ã¿ã°ãªãŒãã¯çããã¢ãžã¥ã¿ããã§ãã£ãŠãæ
人ã§ãã£ãŠã¯ãªããªããä¿¡è
ãšå®æåŠè
ã®ãã®é¢ä¿ã¯ããªã¹ãŒãªãŒæŽŸã®åå©ã«ãã£ãŠäžå±€åŒ·åãããã
ãããããŒããŒã®æ²¡åŸã19äžçŽãåã°ã«è¿ã¥ãé ããŠã©ããŒéå±€å
šäœãæãåŠèã®ããåäžã®ãã«ãžã£ã¢ã»ã¢ã=ã¿ã°ãªãŒãã®äžã«çµ±åããããšããåãããã£ãããã®çµæãåäžã®ãã«ãžã£ã¢ã»ã¢ã=ã¿ã°ãªãŒãã«ãªã£ãã®ããµãŒãžã¹ã»ãžã£ãŽã¡ãŒãã«ããããŠãã®åŸãåããã®ããã·ã£ã€ãã»ã¢ã«ã¿ã¶ãŒã»ã¢ã³ãµãŒãªãŒã§ãã£ããç¹ã«ã¢ã³ãµãŒãªãŒã¯ãæ³åŠè
ã®å°å°ããšããããããåäºã€ããŒã 掟æåŠã«ã倧ããªè¶³è·¡ãæ®ãããããããŠãã«ãžã£ã¢ã»ã¢ã=ã¿ã°ãªãŒããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸäžçã«åèšããå€å¢ãåºæ¥äžãã£ãããã®çµéãšä»¥åŸã®çºå±ã«ã€ããŠãã¢ã¿ãããªãŒã¯ã1960幎代ã«å·çããã宿åŠè
çµç¹ã®åºæ¬çåé¡ããšããè«èã®ãªãã§æ¬¡ã®ããã«èª¬æããŠããã
æ°ãã(西æŽ)ææããŸã ã€ã©ã³ã«æ¥ãŠããããéœåžéã®äº€æµææ®µãä»ãããè²§ããã£ã100幎ã»ã©åãŸã§ã«ãåéœåžã®äººã
ã¯ãèªåãã¡ã®è³é(ãã ã¹)ãåãçºã®ãŠã©ããŒã«æ¯æã£ãŠããããããŠãããã®è³éã®å€§åã¯åããŸã¡ã§è²»ããããŠããããããããã®äžäžçŽã«ãããŠãããããã®å°ç¹çžäºã«æ¥è¿ããæ°ããææ®µãçºæãããããã«ãè³éã¯ãã«ãžã£ã¢ã»ã¢ã=ã¿ã°ãªãŒããšãã人ç©ã«æ¯æãããšãç¿æ
£ãšãªã£ãããã以åŸããã«ãžã£ã¢ã»ã¢ã=ã¿ã°ãªãŒãã®å±
äœããäžå¿å°ã¯æ³šç®ãåããã°ãããã圌ã®åœä»€ãåŸãããããã«ãªã£ãããã®çµæã(ãããã®å®æçè³éã®ãã¡)ã€ããŒã ã®åãåãšèšãããéšåããæ°ããåå°ããããããããŠã宿åŠé¢(ã®åå
¥)ãšããŠã¯ããããšã«ãªã£ããããåŠé¢ã¯æ¡å€§ãããå
šäœãšããŠã(人ã
ã®)åŸæ¥ãçããšãªãã人ã³ã¡ã身è¿ã«ãã«ãžã£ãšé¢äŒããåŠé¢ãæ¡åŒµããåŠçã忥çã®æ°ãå¢ããåŸã
ã«çºãæããã«ãžã£ã®åœ±äžã«å
¥ã£ããããææ®æš©ãšæš©åãæ¡å€§ãããã®ã§ããã
åæä»£ã«ãã®ææ®æš©ãšæš©åãååã«è¡äœ¿ãããã®ææ®æš©ãšæš©åãæ¡å€§ããããã«æ°ããææ®µã掻çšãã人ç©ããã·ãŒã©ãŒãºã£ãŒã§ãã£ãããã®æš©åãšææ®æš©ãåããŠæããã«ããã®ãããã®æåãªã¿ãã³å©æš©ã«é¢ããæä»€(ãã¡ãã¯ãŒ)ã§ãã£ãã
åäžã®ãã«ãžã£ã¢ã»ã¢ã=ã¿ã°ãªãŒãã®äœå¶ãåºæ¥äžãã£ããããçµæžçã«ãåºç€ãå®å®ãã宿åŠå±€ã¯ãã€ã©ã³ã®è¿ã»çŸä»£å²äžãç¹ç°ãªç€ŸäŒã»æ¿æ²»ç圹å²ãæŒããããšãã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E6%B4%BE
|
6,145 |
ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸ
|
ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸ (ã·ã£ã€ããŒã¯ãã¢ã©ãã¢èª: Ø§ÙØŽÙØ®ÙØ©)ã¯ãã·ã£ã€ãã»ã¢ãããã»ã¢ããµãŒã€ãŒ(è±èªçããã«ã·ã¢èªç)ã«ãã£ãŠéãããã€ã¹ã©ã æã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸã19äžçŽåé ãã¬ãŒãžã£ãŒã«ææä»£ã®ã€ã©ã³ã«å§ãŸãã
äŒçµ±çãã€çŽç²ãªåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æçŸ©ã«åºç€ãããäžæ¹ã§ãåäºã€ããŒã æŽŸã®æçŸ©(è±èªç)ã®äžã§ããçµæ«è«(è±èªç)ããã€ãŒã(æåŸã®å¯©å€#ã€ã¹ã©ã æåç
§)ãæ³æºãè§£éåŠãªã©ã®éèŠåéã«ãããŠã¯ãäž»æµã§ãããŠã¹ãªãŒæŽŸ(è±èªç)ãšã¯ç°ãªãè§£éãæ¡çšããŠããããã®çžéãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸäž»æµã®ãŠã©ããŒããã¯ç°ç«¯ãšããŠæ¹å€å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãŠããã
çŸåšãã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã¯å°æ°æŽŸã§ãããä¿¡åŸã®ååžã¯ã€ã©ã³ãã€ã©ã¯ããµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ãã¯ãŠã§ãŒããããã¹ã¿ã³ãªã©ã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%92%E3%83%BC%E6%B4%BE
|
6,146 |
ããŒãæ
|
ããŒãæ(ããŒãããããØšØ§ØšÛ ÙØ§)ã¯ãã€ã©ã³ãªã©ã«ååžããã€ã¹ã©ã æã®æµããæ±²ãäžç¥æã§ãããããŒããšã¯ã¢ã©ãã¢èªã§éãšããæå³ã§ããã1840幎代ã«ããŒã(ããŒã«ã¶ãŒã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã¢ãã³ãã)ã«ããã€ã©ã³ã§åäºã€ããŒã 掟ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸããèµ·ãã£ãããã®ã¡ã«ã·ã£ãªãŒã¢(ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æ³)ã®å»æ¢ã宣èšãããªã©ãããããäžè¬ã«ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®æ å€ãšãããŠ1850幎代æ«ã«ã¯åŸ¹åºç匟å§ãåããããããéããæåŸã®äžéšã¯ããã€æãžãšçºå±ãããäžæ¹ãçŸåšããŒãæãç§°ããäžæŽŸã¯ã¢ã¶ãªãŒæŽŸ(è±èªç)ãšãåŒã°ãä»ãã€ã©ã³ã«æ®ããšããã
ãªããçºç¥¥ã®å°ã§ããã€ã©ã³ã»ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã å
±ååœã§ã¯ãããŒãæã®ååšãä¿¡ä»°ã¯ãçŸåšéæ³ã§ãããšãããŠããã
ããŒãæã¯åäºã€ããŒã 掟ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸããããã£ããããåœåã®äžå¿çæçŸ©ã¯ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã«è¿ããã®ã§ãã£ããçµæ«ãšæäžäž»ã®åºçŸã»ã€ããŒã ã®åèšã¯éè¿ã§ãããšããŠãçµæ«ã«ã®ããããã«ãã³ãŒã©ã³ãå°éããã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ã®å³æ Œãªéµå®ããªãã¹ãã ãšãããã®ã§ããããã®æç¹ã§ã®ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸãšã®è¥å¹²ã®çžéç¹ã¯ããŒã«ã¶ãŒã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã¢ãã³ããããããŒãã(ã¢ã©ãã¢èªã§ãéãã®æ)ã§ãããšããç¹ã匷調ããããšã«ãããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã«ãããããŒããšã¯ãé ãã€ããŒã ãšçŽæ¥éç亀信ãå¯èœãªè
ã®ããšã§ãå°ã¬ã€ãäžã®å人ã®ä»£çè
ãããç¥ãããŠãããã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã§ã¯ããããå®å
šã·ãŒã¢ä¿¡åŸããšãããããŒãæã§ã¯ã¢ãªãŒã»ã¢ãã³ãããããã«æ¬ããã®ã§ãããããããã®ã¡ã«ããŒãã®äž»åŒµã¯ãã匷ããã®ãšãªã£ãã1848幎ã«ã¯èªãã€ããŒã ã®åèš(ã¬ãŒãšã )ã§ãããšããŠãã·ã£ãªãŒã¢å»æ¢ã宣èšããããã³ãŒã©ã³ãã«ãããŠèªãã®é èšããã€ãŒã³(è±èªç)ããæ°ããªåå
žãšããã®ã§ãããããŒãæãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ãšæ±ºå®çã«è¢ãåãã£ãã®ã¯ãã®æã ã£ããšããããã
ããŒãã¯ã1819幎ã·ãŒã©ãŒãºã®ãµã€ã€ã(ã ãã³ããã®åå«ãšããã人ã³ãšããã«ã·ã¢èªã§ã¯ã»ã€ã€ã§ã)å®¶ç³»ã®å人ã®å®¶ã«çãŸãããæ¬åãããŒã«ã¶ãŒã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã¢ãã³ãããšããã1840幎é ã«ã¯ã«ã«ãã©ãŒã§åŠã³ãã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã®åœ±é¿ãåããããã«ãªãã1843幎ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸæå°è
ã»ã€ã€ã§ãã»ã«ãŒãŒã ã»ã©ã·ã¥ãã£ãŒã没ãããšãã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã«æ··ä¹±ãèµ·ããããããåããŠã¢ãªãŒã»ã¢ãã³ããã¯1844幎5æ12æ¥ãèªããããŒãã§ãããšå®£èšãããåæã«ã©ã·ã¥ãã£ãŒæ»åŸã®æå°è
ãæ±ããã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã®ã¢ãã©ãŒã»ãã»ã€ã³ã»ãã·ã¥ã«ãŒã€ãŒ(è±èªç)ãããŒã宣èšãèªç¥ããããã«ããŒããäžå¿ãšããéå£ãåºçŸããããšã«ãªãã
ãã®ã®ã¡ãéå£ã®äžæ žã«ãã·ã¥ã«ãŒã€ãŒãã¯ãããšãã19人ã®ãçããæå(è±èªç)ãã圢æããŠåå°ã®ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã«æŽŸé£ã宣æã«ã€ãšããã ãçããæåãã®äžäººã¢ãªãŒã»ãã¹ã¿ãŒããŒã¯ã¢ã¿ããŒãã§1844幎å€ä»¥é宣æãããŠã©ããŒãã®é¢åã§ãããã£ãŒã®å°æ¥ãªã©éæ¿ãªèšèŸãã¯ããŠãªã¹ãã³åžåœåœå±ããŠã¹ãŒãªãŒæŽŸ(è±èªç)ãŠã©ããŒã®åçºãæãã審åãããŠããããŸãåãããã·ã¥ã«ãŒã€ãŒã¯ãšã¹ãã¡ããŒã³ã»ããã©ã³ãçµç±ããŠãã©ãŒãµãŒã³ã§ã®å®£æã«ã€ãšããŠããããã®ææã®å®£æã¯ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ä¹ããŠãããªããããã®ãšããããã 1845幎1æãããŒãã¯ã€ããŒã ã®åèšã®äºå
ã宣èšããŠãä¿¡åŸãã«ã«ã«ãã©ãŒã«éãããåŒã³ããããèªèº«ã1844幎9æã«ã¡ãã«å·¡ç€Œãžãšåºçºãããããã¹ã¿ãŒããŒã®æçœªå€æ±ºãªã©ç¶æ³ã®æªåã«ããã«ã«ãã©ãŒã«ã¯å
¥ããã1845幎7æã·ãŒã©ãŒãºã«æ»ãè»çŠãããã1846幎9æã«ã¯çºã®æ··ä¹±ã«ä¹ããŠãšã¹ãã¡ããŒã³ã«éã倪å®ã®ä¿è·äžã«çœ®ãããããå€ªå®æ»åŸ1847幎2æã¬ãŒãžã£ãŒã«ææ¿åºã«ãã£ãŠé®æãããããã©ã³ã§ã®ã¢ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒãšã®äŒèŠã®ã®ã¡ã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ã®ããŒã¯ãŒã«éãããã1848幎ãããã«ã¿ããªãŒãºãžç§»ãããæ³å»·ã«ãããŠèªããã€ããŒã ã®åèš(ã¬ãŒãšã )ã§ãããšå®£èšãèåŸ
ãåããã1850幎ãåŠåããã(en:Execution of the Báb)ã
1848幎åå€ããã©ãŒãµãŒã³ã®è¡ã·ã£ãŒã«ãŒãè¿éã®æããã·ã¥ãã«ãããäž»ç«ã£ãããŒãæåŸ80人ãäŒåããããã¡ããã©ããŒãã®ã¬ãŒãšã 宣èšçŽåŸã«ãããã ãçããæåãã®äžäººãŽãã©ãã«ãšã€ã³ã®äž»å°ã«ãããããŒãã®æåºãšã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ããã®é¢è±ã決å®ããããã®ãšã圌女ã¯ãããŒãã«åŸãã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ã«åŸããªã以äžãã¯ãããžã£ãã¯å¿
èŠãªããšããŠé«ªã®æ¯ãçŸãããŸãŸã®å§¿ã§ãã£ããšãããã®ã¡ã«å¥³æ§å¹³çã®æèª¬ãªã©ã«ã€ãªãããããã®éæ¿ãªäž»åŒµã«ãããä¿å®çãªã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸãã¯ãããšããå€ãã®äººã³ãšãé¢è±ãããŒãæãšæžŸç¶äžäœãšãªã£ãŠããã¿ããªãŒãºãªã©ã®ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã¯æ¥éã«ããŒãè²ãèããããšã«ãªãã ãã®ããã·ã¥ãã®äŒåã諞åä¹±ã®ã¯ããŸãã§ãã£ãã
1848幎10æ~49幎5æããçããæåããã·ã¥ã«ãŒã€ãŒããããŒãã®æåºãç®æšã«ãã·ã¥ããã«ãŠææããé»æãæ²ããŠæŠè£
ããŒãæåŸ700åã§ã«ã«ãã©ãŒã«åãããããŒã¶ã³ãã©ãŒã³ã®ããŒã«ãã©ã«ãŒã·ã¥ã§äœæ°ãšè¡çªãä»è¿ã®ã·ã§ã€ãã»ã¿ãã«ã¹ã£ãŒå»ãèŠå¡åãç«ãŠããããæ°åºŠã«ãããèšäŒãéããããæçµçã«ã¯é®å§ãããããã·ã¥ã«ãŒã€ãŒãã¯æŠæ»ãæå£äžå¿ã«ææããããã ãã®äºä»¶ãå¢ã«ãã¬ãŒãžã£ãŒã«ææ¿åºã¯é«äœãŠã©ããŒã®éé£ã«ããããããç¡é¢å¿ã§ããããŒãæãžã®æ
åºŠãæ¹ããåä¹±è
ãšèªèãããåå è
ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸäžä»£ã€ããŒã ã»ãã»ã€ã³ã®ãã«ã«ãã©ãŒã®æ²åããšèªããéãåãããŠããããšã瀺ã岿ããããç±ççä¿¡è
ã®ååšãèªããããäžæ¹ã§ãã·ã§ã€ãã»ã¿ãã«ã¹ã£ãŒå»ãšããæ£®ã®äžã®èè
å»ãšãããã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããåä¿çä¿¡ä»°ãæã€éå£ãšã®ãããããæ³å®ãããã
1850幎5æã6æããã¡ãŒã«ã¹ã®è¡ãã€ãªãŒãºã§ã®éœåžèèµ·ãæå°è
ã¯ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ã»ã€ã€ã§ãã»ã€ãã€ãŒã»ããŒã©ãŒããŒããããã1000人çšåºŠãåå ãããããŒã©ãŒããŒãã€ãºããããã€ãªãŒãºã«èµŽã宣æãéå§ãããšãããã«äžè¡åºãæ¹å®ãããããšããšéœåžæ°ã®äžéšãšæ¯é
è
ã¯å¯Ÿç«é¢ä¿ã«ãããããŒã©ãŒããŒã«ãã£ãŠå¯Ÿç«ãæ¿åãèèµ·ã«è³ã£ãããã€ãªãŒãºéå€ã®åå¡ãå æ ãããããã¡ãŒã«ã¹å€ªå®ã®è»ã«ããäºã¶æã§é®å§ãããã1853幎åã«ã¯éœåžæ¯é
è
ãããŒãæåŸã«ææ®ºãããå°èŠæš¡ãªèèµ·ãåã³çºçããŠããã
1850幎5æãã51幎1æãŸã§ãã€ã©ã³å西éšã¶ã³ãžã£ãŒã³ã§ã®èèµ·ãå
ã¢ãããŒãªãŒæŽŸ(è±èªç)ã®ãŠã©ããŒã§ãããžã£ãã«ãšã¹ã©ãŒã ã§ãã£ãã¢ãã©ãŒã»ã¢ãã³ããã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã¶ã³ãžã£ãŒããŒ(è±èªç)ãæå°ã2000人çšåºŠã®åå ãšèŠç©ãããããèŠå¡ãžã®ç«ãŠããããšé·æã«ãããå
岿Šã®ã®ã¡é®å§ãããã宿
ã¯ããŸãããããããªããããã®åŸã®ããŒãæåŸã®éã§ã¯ãèèµ·ã«ããã以åã®å€ªå®ã®æšªæŽã»æŽèãããã³å
岿Šã§ã®èŠéã»æ®æããã®åŸã®åŒŸå§ãªã©ã¯ããŸããŸãªåœ¢ã§äŒèª¬åãããã
1852幎8æ15æ¥ããŽãã©ãã«ãšã€ã³ã3人ãã€ã©ã³åäž»ããŒã»ãããã£ãŒã³ã»ã·ã£ãŒã®ææ®ºã詊ã¿ãŠå€±æãäžçãæ·åã®ã®ã¡æ®æããããã®äºä»¶ã«ãã£ãŠã¬ãŒãžã£ãŒã«ææ¿æš©/瀟äŒã¯ããŒãæãå®å
šã«æµèŠããããŒãæã¯å€§åŒŸå§ã«ãã壿»
çææãåããã
倧匟å§ã«ããããŒãæåŸã®äžå¿ã¯ãªã¹ãã³åžåœé ãã°ããŒããžè¿œæŸããããªã¹ãã³åžåœã«ãã£ãŠããã«åå°ãžç§»ãããåœå
ã®ããŒãæã¯å£æ»
ç¶æ
ã«é¥ã£ãããã®ãšãã€ã©ã³ãé¢ããããŒãæåŸã«ãã¬ãŒãžã£ãŒã«æè²Žæã§ã®ã¡ã«ããã€æãããããããŒãŠãã©ãŒãšããœããã»ã¢ã¶ãªãŒ(è±èªç)ã®å
åŒãããããããŒãŠãã©ãŒããããã€æãžãšçºå±ããäžæ¹ãã¢ã¶ãªãŒãäžå¿ãšããŠããŒãæã®æçŸ©ãå®ã人ã³ãšãåºãŠããã圌ããã¢ã¶ãªãŒæŽŸ(è±èªç)ã§ããã
ããããã¯ã¢ã¶ãªãŒãããŒãã®åŸç¶è
ãšãããŠããããã¢ã¶ãªãŒãåŸæ¥ã®æ¿æ²»çè¡å䞻矩ãç¶æããããšããã®ã«å¯ŸãããããŒãŠãã©ãŒãã¯æ¿æ²»ç掻å䞻矩ããé¢ãå
åçå®æçæŽ»ãéèŠããŠåè£ããããã®æ¿æ²»ç掻å䞻矩ãããã€ã©ã³ç«æ²é©åœæã«ãããèåãªã€ã©ã³ã®èªç±äž»çŸ©è
ã»ç«æ²äž»çŸ©è
ã«ã¯ãããŒãæãšé¢ãããããçããã人ã³ãšãå°ãªããªããæ¿æ²»çãªåŒŸå§ã培åºããã»ã©ã€ã©ã³ã«ãããã¢ã¶ãªãŒæŽŸã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸäŒçµ±ã®ã¿ããŒã€ã«ã®ã£ãšã衚åãåäºã€ããŒã 掟信åŸãšããŠæ¯ãèãããšãäœåãªããããæŽ»çºãªæŽ»åã¯åœ±ãã²ãããŠãããçŸåšããŒãæåŸãåä¹ãã®ã¯ããã®ã¢ã¶ãªãŒæŽŸã®äººã³ãšã§ããã
ããŒãæã¯ãã®åŸãçŠå§ãåããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã é©åœåŸã®ã€ã©ã³ã§ãéæ³ãšãªã£ãŠããããä»ãã€ã©ã³ãäžå¿ã«1000-2000人ã®ä¿¡è
ããããšããããã€ã©ã³æ¿åºã«ããããŒãæãžã®å¯Ÿå¿ã¯åœé瀟äŒãã人暩åé¡ãšããŠæåŒŸãããããšãããããŸãæµ·å€ã®ã€ã©ã³äººã³ãã¥ããã£ã§ãããŒãæã³ãã¥ããã£ãããã
ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã¯ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸããŠã¹ãŒãªãŒæŽŸ(è±èªç)ã«ãã£ãŠå¶åºŠåã»æ³å¶åãããŠãããªãã§ãåŸæ¥ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®å
åšçåŸåã匷調ãããã€ããŒã ã®ãé ããäžã§ãã£ãŠããå®å
šãªãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸä¿¡åŸãã¯ã€ããŒã ããæµåºããç¥èãåããããšãããããã¯ã€ããŒã äžåšæã«ããããçæ§ã«ããæ³è§£éãã®å·è¡è
ãšããŠæš©åšãæã€ãŠã¹ãŒãªãŒæŽŸã ãžã¥ã¿ããã®åºç€ãæã厩ããã®ã§ãããã¢ãããŒãªãŒæŽŸ(è±èªç)ã®èŠæ»
åŸãŠã¹ãŒãªãŒæŽŸ(è±èªç)ãžã®ã¢ã³ãããŒãŒãšããŠåŒ·ã圱é¿åãæã£ããããã«ã18äžçŽæ«ã€ã©ã³ã«ãããŠã¯ã¹ãŒãã£ãºã ã»ã€ããŒã 埩掻è«ãå
šè¬çé«ãŸãã€ã€ãã£ãã
ãããèæ¯ã«ãããŒãæã¯ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸã®ã€ããŒã 埩掻ããããã£ãŒå°æ¥ãäºæãããæèª¬ãåãç¶ãã ãšããããããžã¥ã©æŠ1261幎ã¯ç¬¬12代ã€ããŒã ã®ã¬ã€ããã1000幎ã§ãããããã«åŸã£ãŠãããã£ãŒéèšèª¬ãæµåžã»å©çšããã®ã¯ãã®äŸã§ãããåæã«ã諞èèµ·æå°è
ãããžããŒãããšããèšèãçšãããšããããšãéèŠã§ããã±ã€ã³ã¯ããŒãæåŸãå幎è³çŠèª¬çã¢ããŒããå©çšããŠãããšã®ææãããŠããã宣æã«ãããŠãæ¢åã®ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸãããã¯ãŒã¯ãçšããŠãããããŒãæã¯ã·ã£ã€ããŒæŽŸãåãç¶ããã®ã§ãã£ããšããããã
19äžçŽåŸåã®ã€ã©ã³ã¯ã瀟äŒçæ··ä¹±ãééã®æµåºãããã«äŒŽãç©äŸ¡é«éš°ã察å€çã«ã¯åºŠéãªãæåãšããç¶æ³ã«ãããããã«å¯ŸããŠåŒ±äœãªã¬ãŒãžã£ãŒã«æ¿åºã¯æå¹ãªå¯Ÿæææ®µãæããªãã£ãããã®ãããªç¶æ³ãžã®äžæºããã€ããŒã åèšã®å幎è³çŠèª¬ãšçµã³ã€ããããŒãæã«æŽ»åãäžãããšããã®ã¯å®èª¬ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ããŒãæè«žåä¹±ããããŠããœé£ã®ã€ã©ã³å²å®¶ã€ã¯ããã¯ã19äžçŽã®å€åœè£œåæµå
¥ã«ãã瀟äŒå€åã«ãšããªãéœåžäœæåŸå±€ãšèŸ²æ°ã«ããåå°å»ºéåãšããèŠæ¹ã瀺ããããã®åŸã®è«èãããŒãæã®æçŸ©ã®ç€ŸäŒé©åœçé©åœæ§ã«ã€ããŠã¯ä¿çãã€ã€ããéãç§çšã«å¯ŸããæªçºéãªèŸ²æ°æŠäºã§ãããã€ã©ã³åœå
ã®å
éšççŸã«åºã¥ãåžæ°æŽŸéåãšããŠæ±ãããã
ããã1980幎代以éããã®ãããªèŠæ¹ã¯åŠå®ããã€ã€ãããã¢ãŒã¡ã³ã¯ã諞èèµ·åå è
ã«ãããŠååã®åãããã®ãåæãããšããããã®åºèº«éå±€ãšå°æ¹ã«ã»ãŒåãã¯ãªãäžéšéå±€ãäžå¿ãšããéåãšã¯èãã«ããããããæå宿æå°è
ã®æ¹å®ã«ãããã£ãŠæ¯æè
ãæ¹å®ããã®ã ããšãããè¿è€ã¯ã·ã§ã€ãã»ã¿ãã«ã¹ã£ãŒèèµ·ã«ãããå°çžççµåãéèŠãããã¢ããŒããã¯æ²¡èœãã€ã€ããå人ã»è·äººã»äžçŽåœ¹äººãäžå¿ãšèããé»ç°ã¯èèµ·åå è
ã«å ããäžçŽãŠã©ããŒ(ã¢ãã©ãŒã)ã®å²åãããããŒãæã¯ãã®å幎çåœææ³ã§ã¯ãªããäžçŽãŠã©ããŒãžã®åæãäžçŽãŠã©ããŒãšå
±æããããšã§éåãå±éãããããšèããã
ãŸããã€ãªãŒãºãã¶ã³ãžã£ãŒã³ã«é¡èãªå°æ¹æ¿æ²»ã«ããã察ç«ã§å©çšããããšããææããããããšããšæ¿æ²»çå¯Ÿç«æ§å³ã«ããéå£ã®äžæ¹ã察æçã«ããŒãæã«æ¹å®ãããšãããã¿ãŒã³ã§ãããã¢ã¬ããã ã¯ããŒãæåŸãã®ãã®ã®ææ³ççµ±äžæ§ã«çåãåããã¬ãŒãžã£ãŒã«æãžã®åææèèªäœãããªãã®å¹
ããããšèããŠããããã®æå³ã§äœå¶æŽŸããå察掟ãéé£ãããšãã«ãããŒãæåŸãã¯åžžå¥å¥ãšãªã£ãŠãããããŒãæãã®ãã®ã®ã€ã©ã³ã§ã®ããæ¹ã®å®éããããã«ããããŠããããŸãäž»èŠãªç ç©¶è
ãããã€æåŸã§ãããããç ç©¶ã«åããèŠãããç¹ãåŠå®ã§ãããäžæ¹ã§ãã€ã©ã³åœå
ã®ããŒãæé¢é£å²æãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã¯éåžžã«å°é£ã§ããŸã岿èªäœã®æ£éžãå€ããå
šäœåã®ãšããã«ããããŒããšãªã£ãŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E6%95%99
|
6,148 |
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸ
|
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸ (ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒã¯ãã¢ã©ãã¢èª: Ø§ÙØ¹ÙÙÙØ©, ã©ãã³æå転å: al-âAlawÄ«ya) ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžå掟ãšãããŠãã宿éå£ã§ãããããµã€ã«æŽŸãããã¯ããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸãšããã(#åç§°)ãä¿¡åŸã®å±
äœå°ã¯ã·ãªã¢ããã«ã³åæ±éšãã¬ããã³ã«ååžãããããã®ãã¡å€æ°ã¯ã©ã¿ãã¢èåŸã®å±±å°ã«éäžããã
æçŸ©ã«ã€ããŠã¯ä¿¡åŸã®éãããç¯å²å
ã ãã§äŒããããŠããããã詳现ãäžæãªç¹ãå€ãã20äžçŽä»¥åŸã«ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®åå
žãå€éšã«æµåºããç
Ͼ
çãªããã¡ã§æŽé²çãªåºçããªãããããšã«ãããæçŸ©ã®äžéšãç¥ãããããã«ãªã£ãã茪廻転ç説ãåãå
¥ãããªã©ã€ã¹ã©ã æã®äžã§ã¯æ¥µããŠç°ç«¯çãªæçŸ©ãæã€ç¹æ®ãªå®æŽŸã§ãããã€ã¹ã©ã æãšãç°æããšã®å¢çç·äžã«ãããšããæèŠãããããŸããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®ã©ãããåæŽŸããããæããã§ã¯ãªã(åŸè¿°)ãåºæ¬çã«ã³ãã¥ããã£å
ã§ã®ã¿çµå©é¢ä¿ãããã¶ééçãªã³ãã¥ããã£ã§ãããã¢ã©ã瀟äŒã§ã¯äŒçµ±çã«å·®å¥ãåããŠããã
èµ·æºã»æŽå²ãæçŸ©ã«ã€ããŠã¯ããåãããªãéšåãå€ããäŒæ¿ã§ã¯ãããµã€ã«ããšãã人ç©ã«ãã£ãŠåµå§ããããšäŒããããŠããããã®ãããµã€ã«ãã¯9äžçŽã®ããµã³ã»ã¢ã¹ã«ãªãŒãšã¢ãªãŒã»ããŒãã£ãŒã®åãå·»ãã§ãã£ãã€ãã³ã»ããµã€ã«(è±èªç)ã«åå®ãããŠããã10äžçŽã«ã·ãªã¢å°æ¹ã«å®çããããã¹ã³ã掟ãªã©ãã迫害ãåããŠæµ·å²žå±±èãžãšéããããããã1960幎代åŸå以éã¯ã·ãªã¢æ¿çã®äžæ¢ãå ããŠãããå²åŠè
ã®ã¶ããŒã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ã«ã¹ãŒãºã£ãŒã倧統é ã®ããŒãã£ãºã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ãµããããã·ã£ãŒã«ã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ãµãç¶åãã¯ãããšããŠãã¢ã¹å
ãè»éšã®æåè
ãæ°å€ã茩åºããŠããããã®ããçŸä»£ã®ã·ãªã¢ã¯ããã°ãã°ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã³ãã¥ããã£ã«æ¯é
ãããŠãããšèŠãªãããã2020幎çŸåšãã¢ãµãæ¿æš©ãšã®é¢ä¿ãæ·±ããã·ãªã¢ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸäººå£ã¯åœæ°ã®1å²åŒ·ã«éãããã·ãªã¢å
æŠã§ã¢ãµãæ¿æš©ãåããã°æ°ææµåãããå±éºæ§ããããšãããã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒã¯ã¢ã©ãã¢èªã§ãã¢ãªãŒã«åŸãè
ããæå³ããããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸããšããåç§°ã¯è¿ä»£ã«å
¥ã£ãŠä»¥éã®ãã®ã§ã以åã¯åµå§è
ãšãããããµã€ã«ã«ã¡ãªãã§ al-Nuá¹£ayriyya(ãããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸããããã¯ãããµã€ã«æŽŸã)ãšåŒã°ããŠããããã®ããæ¥æ¬ã®åŠçã§ã¯ã19äžçŽãŸã§ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸããããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸããšåŒã¶æ
£è¡ãããããã ããããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸãã¯ãä»æŽŸã®ã ã¹ãªã ããèŠã䟮èçãªãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã䌎ãåŒç§°ã§ããã
ãªãããªã¹ãã³åžåœæä»£ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸ/ããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸã«ã¯èŸ²æ°ãå€ãã£ããããåœæã®ãããµã€ãªãŒãã¯ã蟲æ°ããæå³ããèšèã§ããã£ãã
10äžçŽã«ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æŽ»åå®¶ã ãã³ããã»ãã³ã»ããµã€ã«ã»ã¢ã³ã»ãããŒãªãŒã«å ãã§ããŒããªãŒæŽŸãšåŒã°ããéå£ããããšãããããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãšã®é¢é£ã¯äžæ(åŸè¿°)ã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ããã«ã³ã®ãã¢ã¬ãŽã£ã(ãã«ã³èªã§ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒ(ã¢ãªãŒã«åŸãè
)掟ããæå³ãã)ãšåŒã°ãã宿éå£ãšåŒç§°ãåãã§ããããšãååžå°åã飿¥ããŠããããšããããæ··åããããããŸã£ããå¥ã®éå£ã§ããããã«ã³ã®ã¢ã¬ãŽã£(ã¢ã¬ãŽã£ãŒæŽŸ)ãšã·ãªã¢ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãšã®é¢é£ã«ã€ããŠã¯äžæãªç¹ãå€ãããŸããã¢ãã¬ã»ããã¯(è±èªç)ããšåŒã°ãã宿éå£ãšãããæ··åããããããããšããŸã£ããç°ãªãã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã»ããºãã¯æã»ããæã»ããªã¹ãæåã³ã·ãªã¢å°æ¹ã®åç宿ã®èŠçŽ ãåããã£ããšèããããç¬ç¹ã®æçŸ©ãæã€ãç¹ã«ããªã¹ãæããã¯å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãåãã(åŸè¿°)ã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã§ã¯äž¡èŠªãšãã«ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®ç·åã ããæçŸ©ãåŠã¶ããšãã§ããã16æ³ä»¥éã«æçŸ©ãç¿åŸãããã®æçŸ©ãå€ã«æŒããããã®ã¯æ®ºããããªã©ç¥ç§äž»çŸ©ã®è²åœ©ã匷ãã女æ§ã«éã¯ãªããšãããããã宿å瀌ããã¯æé€ããããçåã«åè¡ãç©ãã°æ»åŸã»ãã®äººéã«ãæªè¡ãéããã°åç©ã«çãŸãå€ãããšããã€ã³ãã®èŒªå»»ã«äŒŒãè»¢çææ³ãæã€ã
äºè¡ã®ãã¡ããµãŠã (æé£)ã»ã¶ã«ãŒã(åæš)ã»ãããž(巡瀌)ãè¡ãããç¹ã«ãããžãå¶å瀌æãšããŠåŠå®ããŠãããã¢ã¹ã¯ã䜿ããã瀌æã¯å®ææå°è
ã®å®¶ã«éãŸã£ãŠè¡ãããããšãå€ãã飲é
ãèªããããŠãããã·ãªã¢å西éšã«ç¬èªã®ç¥æ®¿ããã€ã
1973幎ãã¬ããã³ã®åäºã€ããŒã 掟ã®ã€ããŒã ã§ãã£ãã ãŒãµãŒã»ã¢ã=ãµãã«ã¯ãã·ãªã¢ã®å€§çµ±é ããŒãã£ãºã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ãµãã®åãããã«ãããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸãšçåããã¡ãã¯ãŒãçºããããã以éãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãšããŠèªããããŠããããçŸåšã§ãç°ç«¯èŠããåãã¯æ®åããŠããã
4代ç®ã«ãªã(æ£çµ±ã«ãªã)ã«ããŠå代ã€ããŒã ã®ã¢ãªãŒã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¢ããŒã»ã¿ãŒãªããåŽæ¬ããŠãããšããç¹ã§ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãšéåºããŠãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãšåããèªãã®ä¿¡ä»°ãé ãã¿ããŒã€(ä¿¡ä»°ç§å¿)ãèªããããŠããããã°ãã°æš©åè
ã倿°æŽŸãšåã宿ã«å±ãããã®ããã«ãµããŸã£ãŠããã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ããªã¹ãæãšã䌌ãŠãããšãããŠããããã³ãšã¯ã€ã³ãçšããèé€ã«äŒŒã宿å瀌ããããã¯ãªã¹ãã¹ã»ã€ãŒã¹ã¿ãŒã»ãã³ãã³ã¹ããšãã£ãããªã¹ãæãšå
±éã®ç¥æ¥ãç¥ã£ãŠããããŸããèã²ãªã«ã®ãªã¹ã»èãã«ãã©ã»èã«ã¿ãªããªã©ããªã¹ãæåŸã®è人ãã¡ãåŽæããŠããã
ç¥(ã¢ãã©ãŒã)ã¯äººéã®å§¿ããšã£ãŠçŸããããšããããšãã(ã¢ãªãŒã¯ç¥ãå°äžã«çŸããæåŸã®å§¿ãšããŠç¥æ ŒåããŠãã)ããŸããã¢ãªãŒã¯ãæ¬è³ªããæå³ãããåã(宣æè
)ã§ããã ãã³ãããšãéã(è§£éè
)ã§ãããµã«ããŒã³ãšããäžå¯åã®èŠçŽ ã§ãã2åã®äººç©ãšãšãã«å°äžã«çŸããã®ã ãšããäžäœäžäœçãªææ³ãæã¡ããããããæã»å€ªéœã»å€©ç©ºã«ãªããããŠä¿¡ä»°ããã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®æçŸ©ãã©ã®ããã«å€é·ããã®ãã¯äžæç¢ºã§ãããåŸè¿°ã®ããã«å€éšã®è³æã«ãã£ãŠäžå¿ã®å€é·ã蟿ãããšãã§ããããè³æããšã®å·®ç°ãæçŸ©ã®å€é·ãåæ ãããã®ã§ããã®ããå¥ã®éå£ã«ã€ããŠèšè¿°ããããšã«ãããã®ãªã®ãåãããªãããšãå€ãã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®èµ·æºãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æµããæ±²ã9äžçŽã€ã©ã¯ã®ããŒããªãŒæŽŸã«ãããšããã°ãã·ãªã¢ã®æµ·å²žå±±èã«ç§»ã£ãŠãããçŸå°ã®ããªã¹ãæãšæ··æ¿ããŠäžèšã®ãããªç¬ç¹ã®æçŸ©ãçãŸãããšèããããšãã§ããã
åŸè¿°ã®ããã«ããŒãã£ãºã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ãµãã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®ã€ã¹ã©ã åãæšé²ããããäžéšã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«ã¯åçºãèŠãããã
ã·ãªã¢ã¯7äžçŽä»¥éã«ã€ã¹ã©ã å¢åã®æ¯é
ã幟床ãåãã幟ã€ãã®ã€ã¹ã©ã çæã®äžå¿å°ã®ã²ãšã€ãšãªãã
ã€ã¹ã©ã å
±åäœ(ãŠã³ã)ã®äžã§ãã¢ãªãŒãšãã¡ãŒãã£ãã®åå«ããã€ããŒã ã«çžå¿ãããšèãã人ã
ããã¢ãªãŒã®å
掟ããçµæãããããããã€ã¹ã©ã å
±åäœ(ãŠã³ã)ã®å€æ°æŽŸã¯ããã«çµããããã¢ãªãŒã®å
掟ãã¯ãŠãã€ã€æãã¢ãããŒã¹æã«åŒŸå§ãããããã¢ãªãŒã®å
掟ãã¯å®æŽŸæ§ãæã£ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãã«çºå±ãã倿°æŽŸãæ¹å€ããããã«ãªããããããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãã€ããŒã ã®éžå®äºãã«ãã£ãŠãåèªã®ã€ããŒã ãæšæŽããã¶ã€ã掟ã»12ã€ããŒã 掟ã»ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãªã©ã«å掟ãäºãã«æ¹å€ããããã«ãªãããŸãã€ããŒã ã®ç¡èª€è¬¬ã匷調ãããããã€ããŒã èªèº«ãç¥æ Œåããéå£ãçŸãããããéå£ã¯å
ä¿¡ã«åãããšããŠã極端掟(ã°ã©ãŒã)ãã®ã¬ããã«ã貌ãããŠããããã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®ããŒãã ãåŽæãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸãåŸè¿°ã®ããŒããªãŒæŽŸããæ¥µç«¯æŽŸããšèŠãªãããŠããã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯859幎ããããããŒã(ççã«ãããé)ããèªç§°ããã€ãã³ã»ããµã€ã«ãæ°ããªæçŸ©ãšç°¡æãªå®è·µã§ä¿¡åŸãç²åŸããã®ãèµ·æºãšãããŠããããã ããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯è³æãã»ãšãã©æ®ããŠããªããããæ£ç¢ºãªèµ·æºã¯åãã£ãŠããªããäžèšã«æããããå€éšã®ãŠã©ããŒãã¡ãæççã«ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸ(ãšæãããéå£)ã®æçŸ©ãäŒããŠãããã圌ããæ£ç¢ºã«æçŸ©ãææ¡ã»èšè¿°ããŠããä¿èšŒã¯ãªãã
10äžçŽã®12ã€ããŒã 掟ãŠã©ããŒãã¡ã¯ã9äžçŽã®ã€ã©ã¯ã§ã¢ãªãŒã»ããŒãã£ãŒ(10代ã€ããŒã )ã®æ¯æè
ã ãã³ããã»ãã³ã»ããµã€ã«ã»ã¢ã³ã»ããŒããªãŒã«åŸããã¢ãªãŒãæŽä»£ã€ããŒã ãåŽæããããŒããªãŒæŽŸã«ã€ããŠèšåããŠããããã®ãã ãã³ããã»ãã³ã»ããµã€ã«ã»ã¢ã³ã»ããŒããªãŒããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®åµå§è
ããµã€ã«ãšåäžèŠããã19äžçŽä»¥éã®è¥¿æ¬§äººç ç©¶è
ãã¡ã¯ããŒããªãŒæŽŸãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®èµ·æºãšã¿ãªããããã ããããŒããªãŒæŽŸã¯ã¢ãªãŒã»ããŒãã£ãŒãšããµã³ã»ã¢ã¹ã«ãªãŒ(11代ã€ããŒã )ãåŽæããéå£ãšã¿ãªãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒãåŽæããçŸåšã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãšã®é¢ä¿ã¯äžæã§ããã
12äžçŽã¹ã³ã掟ãŠã©ããŒãã¡ãã¢ãªãŒãåŽæããã€ã©ã¯ã®ãããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸãã«ã€ããŠèšåããŠãããåæŽŸåŠè
ã®ã®ã·ã£ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒããŒ(è±èªç)ã¯ãããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸããç¥ã®èéãççãã¢ãªãŒãã€ããŒã ã®èäœã以ã£ãŠé¡çŸããããšããæçŸ©ãæã£ãŠãããšããããã«ãŠã®ãµã ã¢ãŒããŒ(è±èªç)ã¯ããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸã«ã€ããŠãã¢ãªãŒãç¥ãšä¿¡ãã人ã
ã§ãããšããŠããã
14äžçŽåŸåãã15äžçŽåé ã®ã«ã€ãã§æŽ»èºããã¹ã³ã掟åŠè
ã«ã«ã«ã·ã£ã³ãã£ãŒ(è±èªç)ã¯èªèã®çŸç§äºå
žãéå€ã®é»æãã§ãããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸãã®é
ç®ãèšããåæŽŸã®åµå§è
ããµã€ã«ãã¢ãªãŒã®å°å§ãšããŠããããŸããé²ãç¥(ã¢ãªãŒ)ã®äœåŠãšããŠæ¬ãããµã«ãã³ã»ã¢ã«=ãã¡ãŒãªã¹ã£ãŒãã¢ãªãŒã®äœ¿åŸãšããŠãããªã©ãã·ã£ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒããŒããäŒããŠããªã(ãŸãã¯ãç°ãªã)説ã玹ä»ããŠããããã®ããã12äžçŽã®ã€ã©ã¯ã«ååšãããããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸãã¯ãã«ã«ã«ã·ã£ã³ãã£ãŒãäŒãã15äžçŽã®ããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸ(çŸåšã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«é£ãªã)ãšã¯ç°ãªãéå£ã§ããå¯èœæ§ãããã
20äžçŽã®ã©ã¿ãã¢ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸæåè
ãæžãããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®æŽå²ãã«ãããšã10äžçŽåã°ã«ãã°ããŒãã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸæå°è
ãã·ãªã¢ã®ã¢ã¬ãããžç§»ããã·ãªã¢åéšã«ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãåºãããšãããã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ä»ã®ã ã¹ãªã ããã¯æãŸãç¶ããã11äžçŽã®ç¥åŠè
ã¬ã¶ãŒãªãŒã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸ(ããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸ)ããã€ã¹ã©ã ããéžè±ããŠããããšã¿ãªããã圌ããæ®ºãããšã¯ã ã¹ãªã ã®çŸ©åã§ããããšãŸã§äž»åŒµããŠããã12äžçŽã®ç¥åŠè
ã€ãã³ã»ã¿ã€ããŒã€ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸ(ããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸ)ãæ¿ãã糟匟ããã圌ã¯ããããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸ(ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸ)ãç°æåŸãããäžæ¬èã§ãããã ã¹ãªã ã«ãšã£ãŠææªã®æµã§ã圌ãã眰ããããšã¯æãæ¬èã§éèŠãªçŸ©åã§ããããšäž»åŒµããã
11äžçŽãã12äžçŽã«ãããŠãã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã»ã¶ã³ã®ãŒæã»ã¢ã€ãŠãŒãæã®æ¯é
ãçµãŠãã·ãªã¢ã®éœåžéšã»å¹³ééšã«ãããã¹ã³ã掟åªäœã確ç«ããã13äžçŽä»¥éã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯å°äžæµ·æ²¿å²žéšã«éããŠäœãããã«ãªã£ãããã®å°åã¯é·ãéããªã¹ãæåœã®æ±ããŒãåžåœãååè»åœå®¶ã®æ¯é
äžã«ãã£ãããã®ããã€ã¹ã©ã å(ã¹ã³ã掟å)ãæ¯èŒçé²ãã§ããããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã»ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã»ããªã¹ãæåŸã»ãŠãã€æåŸãªã©ãå€ããä»ã®äžæ±å°åãã宿ç倿§æ§ããã£ãã
16äžçŽåé ããªã¹ãã³åžåœãã·ãªã¢ãæ¯é
ããããªã¹ãã³åžåœã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«ç¬èªã®éŠé·ã®æ¯é
ã«æããããšãèªããä¿¡ä»°ã®ä¿æãšäžå®ã®èªæ²»ãèªããããã ããå°ççã«ã¯æµ·å²žå±±èã«å°ã蟌ããããè¡æ¿æ©æ§ããã¯æé€ãããããŸãããªã¹ãã³åžåœã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«ãã¬ããã®åœ¢æãèªããã1571幎ã®åžåã§ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯éã ã¹ãªã (ãºã£ã³ããŒ)ãšã¿ãªããããžãºã€(人é çš)ãçŽãã矩åããããšããŠå·®å¥ãããããªã¹ãã³åžåœæä»£ã®ã¹ã³ã掟ã¯ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®äœã£ãé£ç©ãäžè¡çãšã¿ãªããŠå£ã«ããªãã£ãã
ãªã¹ãã³åžåœã·ãªã¢å±å·ã§ã¯ã¹ã³ã掟åæå®¶ãè¡æ¿ãæ
ã£ãŠããã圌ãã¯ã€ã¹ã¿ã³ããŒã«ã®äžå€®æ¿çãšçµã³ã€ããæã¡ã€ã€ãå®æçæš©åšãçµæžã»æåè³æ¬ãç¬å ããŠå€§ããªåœ±é¿åãè¡äœ¿ããŠãããäžæ¹ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯è¿«å®³ãæããŠèªãã®ä¿¡ä»°ãç§å¿ã(ã¿ããŒã€)ãå±±æã®å°çžçå
±åäœãšäžäœåããéå£ã圢æããŠãããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®äžéšã¯ããªããªãŒã«å
¥ã£ãŠããéšå€è
ã襲ãããšããã£ããããåšå²ããã¹ã³ã掟ã®éèœã襲ã城çšãæãä¹±æŽè
ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãæãããŠãããéœåžã«ç§»ãäœãã ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãããããéœåžçµæžã¯ã¹ã³ã掟åæå®¶ãããªã¹ãæåŸã®å人ãã¡ã§å ããããŠãããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯éå€ã§äžå±€éçŽã圢æãããã©ã¿ãã¢ã®éœåžäœæ°ãã¹ã³ã掟ãããªã¹ãæåŸãå€ããã©ã¿ãã¢åšèŸºã®èŸ²æéšã§ã¯å°äž»ãã¹ã³ã掟ã§èŸ²æ°ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãšããç¶æ
ã§ãã£ãã
19äžçŽã«å
¥ããšè¥¿æ¬§ããããªã¹ãæã®å®£æåž«ãã¡ã蚪ããããã«ãªãã圌ãã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«çç®ããå奜é¢ä¿ãç¯ãããããã«å±æ©æãèŠãããªã¹ãã³åžåœã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®ããã«ã¢ã¹ã¯ã建èšããæå°è
ã«å§åããããŠã€ã¹ã©ã åãå³ã£ããã»ãšãã©å¹æã¯ãªãã£ãããŸãããã®é ã®ãªã¹ãã³åžåœã®è¡°éã«å±æ©æãèŠããã¹ã³ã掟åæå®¶ãã¡ã¯ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«å¯ŸããŠæ¿ãã迫害ãå ããããã«ãªã£ãã
ç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã«ãã£ãŠãªã¹ãã³åžåœã¯è§£äœããã1920幎ãããã©ã³ã¹ãã·ãªã¢ã®åœéé£çå§ä»»çµ±æ²»ãæ
åœãã(ãã©ã³ã¹å§ä»»çµ±æ²»é ã·ãªã¢)ã1922幎ãã·ãªã¢ã¯4ã€ãããªãç·©ãããªé£éŠã«åç·šããããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«ã¯ã©ã¿ãã¢ãäžå¿ãšããã·ãªã¢ã®å°äžæµ·æ²¿å²žå°æ¹ã«ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸåœãèªããããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸäœæ°ã«ããèªæ²»ãè¡ãããã
ã¹ã³ã掟ã«ãã統治ãå«ã£ãŠããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯å³åº§ã«èŠªãã©ã³ã¹çãªå§¿å¢ãèŠããããã©ã³ã¹ã¯ãã¹ã³ã掟ã«ãã倿°æŽŸçµ±æ²»ãç¬ç«éåãªã©ã«ã€ãªãããããªãããšã屿§ããçŸå°ã®è»äºçµç¹ã»æ²»å®çµç¹ã«ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸãç©æ¥µçã«ç»çšãããããã¯ãäœæ°ã®é¢éçãšããŠãæ©èœããã
1926幎ã®ç·éžæã§ã¯ã¹ã³ã掟ããã€ã³ãããããããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯å€ãã®è°åžãç²åŸããããã©ã³ã¹ãåµèšããã¬ãŽã¡ã³ãç¹å¥éšéã§ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã倿°ãå ããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ãã©ã³ã¹çµ±æ²»ã«ååããããšã§å€§ããªæ¿æ²»åãæã«å
¥ããããã©ã³ã¹ã®éèšããç¡æã®è»åŠæ ¡ãæçµŠã®è»äºçµç¹ã¯ãäŒçµ±çã«è²§ããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«ãšã£ãŠè²Žéãªçµæžã»æåè³æ¬ã®æºæ³ãšãªã£ãããŸããè»åã«å°±ããã©ã³ã¹ã®çµ±æ²»ã«ååããããšã§ã瀟äŒçå°äœãäžæãããããšãã§ããããã«ãªã£ãã
1930幎ã«ã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸåœããæ¹åããåç®äžã®ç¬ç«åœã©ã¿ãã¢åœãæç«ããã1936幎ãã©ã¿ãã¢åœãã·ãªã¢ã«äœµåããããã«ãªããšãã¹ã¬ã€ãã³ã»ã¢ãµã(ããŒãã£ãºã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ãµãã®ç¥ç¶)ãªã©ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸæå°è
ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹éŠçžã¬ãªã³ã»ãã«ã ã«æçŽãæžããèªæ²»æš©ã®ç¶æãèŠæ±ãããçµå±ãèªæ²»æš©ã¯ã·ãªã¢ã«åžåããããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«æå©ãªè¡æ¿ã·ã¹ãã ã¯æ®ãããã1939幎ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®ã¹ã¬ã€ãã³ã»ã¢ã«=ã ã«ã·ãŒãã¯åä¹±ãèµ·ãããã¹ã³ã掟å¢åã®åœ±é¿ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«åã¶ããšãé²ãã ãå幎ãã·ãªã¢ç·ç£ã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸåœå®¶ãåèšå®ãããç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠäžã®1943幎ãé£ååœã€ã®ãªã¹ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹é ã統治ããŠãã芪ããã¹ã»ãã€ãã®ãŽã£ã·ãŒæ¿æš©æŽŸãã·ãªã¢ããé§éããã·ãªã¢ç¬ç«ã«åããŠç·éžæãè¡ãããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸåœå®¶ã¯ã·ãªã¢ã«åçµ±åãããã
1946幎ãã·ãªã¢ãç¬ç«ãããšã¹ã³ã掟åæå®¶ãäž»å°æš©ãæ¡ã£ããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ã©ã¿ãã¢ã宿çã«å¯å®¹ãªã¬ããã³ããšã«ãã³ã«äœµåãããããšãæã¿ãã ã«ã·ãŒãã¯åä¹±ãèµ·ãããé®å§ããåŠåããããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸéšéã¯è§£æ£ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯è°äŒããç· ãåºãããååæ¿çãæ¡ãããã
è»éã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠå®å䞻矩ã ã£ãã®ã§ãå€ãã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®è¥è
ãå
¥éãããäžæ¹ãæ¿æ²»ã»è»éšã«ãããã¹ã³ã掟åæå®¶ã¯æš©åéäºã«æãæ®ãã倱èããã¹ã³ãæŽŸå°æ ¡ã®åŸä»»ã«ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸå°æ ¡ãå°±ãããšã§ãè»ã«ãããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®åœ±é¿åã¯åŒ·ãŸã£ãŠãã£ãããŸãããã®é ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®ã¶ããŒã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ã«ã¹ãŒãºã£ãŒããåç»ãããã¢ã¹å
ã«å€ãã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãå
¥å
ããã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©ã»äžä¿äž»çŸ©(éã¹ã³ã掟)ãæ²ãããã¢ã¹å
ã¯ãè²§å°å±€ãå€ã宿çå·®å¥ãåããŠããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«ãšã£ãŠé
åçãªæ¿å
ã ã£ããè»å
ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãéããŠãã¢ã¹å
ã¯è»éšã«ã圱é¿åãåãŒãããã«ãªããåŸã«å€§çµ±é ãšãªãããŒãã£ãºã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ãµã(H.ã¢ãµã)ãè»ã«å
¥éãããã¢ã¹å
ã«å
¥å
ããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸé幎ã®1人ã ã£ãã
1963幎ãé£åœã€ã©ã¯ã§ãã¢ã¹å
ãã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒ(ã©ãããŒã³é©åœ)ãèµ·ããããã¢ã¹å
æ¿æš©ãèªçãããããã«è§Šçºãããã·ãªã¢ã®ãã¢ã¹å
ãè»äºã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒ(3æ8æ¥é©åœ)ãèµ·ããæ¿æš©ãç²åŸãããããã«å¯Ÿããã€ã¹ã©ã äž»çŸ©ãæ²ããã¹ã³ã掟çµç¹ã ã¹ãªã åèå£ãåä¹±ãèµ·ãããªã©ããã¢ã¹å
æ¿æš©ã®åºç€ã¯äžå®å®ã ã£ããå
å
ã§ãæ¿ããæš©åéäºãè¡ããããããã®éçšã§ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®ãµã©ãŒãã»ãžã£ãã£ãŒããæš©åãæ¡ãããã ãããžã£ãã£ãŒãã¯è¡šã«åºããå
å°åæå°éšå¯æžèšã«çãŸã£ãã
1967幎ãã·ãªã¢ã¯ç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžæ±æŠäº(å
æ¥æŠäº)ã§ã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ã«æšæãããŽã©ã³é«åã倱ããåœé²çžã«å°±ä»»ããŠããH.ã¢ãµãã¯ã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ã®é 忡倧ã«è
åšãæããçµæžã»å€äº€æ¿çã§æªæãæã¡ç¶ãããžã£ãã£ãŒãã«ä»£ãã£ãŠèªããã·ãªã¢ã®æ¯é
è
ãšãªãããšã決æããã圌ã¯è»ã®äž»å°æš©ãæ¡ãã1970幎ã«ç¡è¡ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒ(ç¯æ£éå)ãèµ·ãããšåœé²çžã»éŠçžã»ãã¢ã¹å
å°åæå°éšæžèšé·ãå
Œä»»ã1971幎ã«ã¯å€§çµ±é ã«å°±ä»»ããä»ãŸã§ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸæå°è
ãšã¯ç°ãªãåå®ãšãã«æš©åãäžæã«ããã
å±±æã®è²§ããå®¶æåºèº«ã§ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®H.ã¢ãµãã¯ã匷åãªç¹æš©æèãæã¡æ°çŸå¹Žéã®è¡çžã§çµã°ããã¹ã³ãåæå®¶ã«å¯Ÿæããããã«ãå°çžã§çµã°ããã©ã¿ãã¢ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãç©æ¥µçã«ç»çšããŠããããããšåæã«ã¹ã³ã掟åæå®¶ã®äžéšãæ¿æš©å
ã«åã蟌ã¿ãåçºããåæå®¶ãã¡ã匟å§ããããšã§åæå®¶å±€ãå·§ã¿ã«åæããããŸããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®ã€ã¹ã©ã èŠçŽ ã匷ããæ¿çãæ¡ããã¬ããã³ã®åäºã€ããŒã 掟ã€ããŒã ãã ãŒãµãŒã»ã¢ã=ãµãã«ã«åããããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸãšçåããã¡ãã¯ãŒãçºãããããåã¢ãµãã®ã¹ã³ã掟åæå®¶ã®å€ãã¯ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸæåè
ãæ¬¡ã
ãšææ®ºããäž»èŠéœåžã§æŽåãèµ·ãããŠããã ã¹ãªã åèå£ã«åå ãããããããH.ã¢ãµãã¯æŠå匟å§ã匷åãã1982幎ã®ãããŒè殺ã§åèå£ã壿»
ãããããã以éãã·ãªã¢åœå
ã®åã¢ãµãæŽŸã¯æ²é»ã亡åœã«è¿œãããããã
H.ã¢ãµãã¯ã¬ããã³å
æŠã«ãä»å
¥ããããªããªãªã©ã«äœãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸæŠè£
å¢åãæ¯æŽãããH.ã¢ãµããäž»å°ããåæŠåå®ã¿ãŒã€ãåæ(1989幎)ã§ã¯ããããŸã§ã¬ããã³è°äŒã«è°åžãç¡ãã£ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«2è°åžãäžããããã
ããããŠã·ãªã¢ã®å
šæš©ãæã«ããH.ã¢ãµãã¯ä»¥åŸ30幎ãã®é·ãã«ããã£ãŠã·ãªã¢ãç¬è£çµ±æ²»ãããããšãšãã«ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯è²§å°ããè±ããŠæ¿æ²»ã»è»äºã«ãããŠéèŠãªå°äœãç²åŸããŠãã£ãããã ãããã®çµ±æ²»ã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®æçŸ©ã«åã£ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããå®æã»æ°æéã®äºè£ãå
æããã·ãªã¢ç€ŸäŒã®çµ±åãå³ãããšã建åã«ããŠããã
2000幎ãH.ã¢ãµããæ»å»ãããšåŸç¶å€§çµ±é ã«ã¯ã次ç·ã®ããã·ã£ãŒã«ã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ãµã(B.ã¢ãµã)ã就任ãããB.ã¢ãµããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã ããã¹ã³ã掟ãããªã¹ãæåŸãªã©ãæ¿æš©å
ã®éèŠãã¹ãã«æ®ããå
ä»£ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸè²ãèããŠããããããšåæã«å€§çµ±é ã«ããç¬è£äœå¶ãé壿å°äœå¶ãžãšç§»è¡ããããŸãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸåºèº«è
ãåå€§çµ±é æä»£ã¯1966幎ã·ãªã¢ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒåŸã®å¯Ÿç«ãšããã«ããæ··ä¹±ã®çµæãè»å
ã®æé²ããæé€ããããªã©ã®å·éãåããŠããããçŸåšã§ã¯ç²Ÿééšéã§ããå
±ååœé²è¡éã®èŠè·ãžç»çšãããŠããã
2011幎ããã¥ããžã¢ããäžæ±å
šåã«ã¢ã©ãã®æ¥ãæ³¢åããã·ãªã¢å
æŠãåçºããã2012幎ã«ã¯ã¬ããã³ã«ãæ³¢åããããªããªã§ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸ(ã¢ãµãæ¿æš©å¯ã)ãšã¹ã³ã掟(åæ¿åºå¢åå¯ã)ã®è¡çªãèµ·ããŠããã
ãããŸã§äœå¶åŽã«ã€ããŠããã¹ã³ã掟åæå®¶ã®äžéšãåäœå¶æŽŸã«å¯è¿ã£ãããšã§ãã¢ãµãæ¿æš©ã¯å
šåãææ¡ã§ããªããªã£ãããããŒã®è殺以æ¥ã·ãªã¢ãã亡åœããŠããã¹ã³ã掟åæå®¶ãåäœå¶æŽŸãæ¯æŽããŠãããšãããããã«ã³ã»ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ã»ã«ã¿ãŒã«ãªã©ã¹ã³ã掟諞åœã¯ãã¢ãµãæ¿æš©ãã¹ã³ãæŽŸäœæ°ã倧éèæ®ºãããšããŠåæ¿åºå¢åãæ¯æŽããŠããã
äžæ¹ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãå«ã宿çãã€ããªãã£ã¯éåžžã«å±æ©çãªç¶æ³ã«ãããšããããããªã¹ãæã®ç«å Žããã¯ãåäœå¶æŽŸã®äž»å°æš©ãæ¡ãã¹ã³ã掟åªäœäž»çŸ©è
ããããªã¹ãæåŸã¯ãã€ã«ãŒããžè¡ãããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯å¢ãžããªã©ãšäž»åŒµããŠãéã¹ã³ã掟ã«å¯ŸããŠæ¿ãã迫害ãå ããŠãããšææãããŠããããŸããã¹ã³ãæŽŸã®æŠè£
å¢åã§ããã¢ã«=ãã¹ã©æŠç·(ã¢ã«ã«ãŒã€ãç³»)ãISIL(ã€ã¹ã©ã åœ)ã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«æ¹å®ãè¿«ãæ§ããèŠããŠãããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ã¢ãµãæ¿æš©ãæ¯æããŠåæ¿åºå¢åãšæŠã£ãŠããããã®ãããããªã¹ãæåŸããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸãªã©ã®éã¹ã³ã掟ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸã®å€§å€æ°ããåäœå¶æŽŸã匟å§è
ãšæããã¢ãµãæ¿æš©ãæ¯æããŠãããã€ã©ã³ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ¿æš©ãã€ã©ã¯ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ°å
µãã¬ããã³ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæŠè£
å¢åããºãã©ãªã©ãã¢ãµãæ¿æš©ãæ¯æŽããŠããã
åè¿°ã®ããã«ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ã·ãªã¢ã®å°äžæµ·æ²¿å²žéšãäžå¿ã«ååžããŠãããå®®ç°åŸã«ãããšäžçã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸäººå£ã¯130äžäººã§ããã®ãã¡ã·ãªã¢ã«ã¯100äžäººãäœãã§ãããã·ãªã¢ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®ãã¡4åã®3ãæ²¿å²žéšã®ã©ã¿ãã¢çåã³ã¿ã«ãã¥ãŒã¹çã«äœãã§ãããã©ã¿ãã¢äœæ°ã®3åã®2ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã§ãããã¿ã«ãã¥ãŒã¹ãªã©ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãå€ãäœãéœåžã¯ãã¹ã³ã掟ã倿°ãå ããå°åã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãªãã©ã«ã§ãããšãããŠããã
ã·ãªã¢ä»¥å€ã§ã¯ã¬ããã³ããã«ã³ã«ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãå±
äœããŠããããã¢ã¹å
ã®çµ±æ²»ã«ãã£ãŠäžä¿çåŸåã匷ãã·ãªã¢ã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«å¯ŸããŠããã«ã³ã«å±
äœããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ããå®æŽŸçäŒçµ±ã«äŸæ ããŠãããä¿å®çã§ãããšãããã
å
æŠã®çµæãã·ãªã¢å
éžéšã«äœãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸäœæ°ã®å€ãã¯åœå
é¿é£æ°ãšããŠæ²¿å²žéšã«ç§»åããããããªããªã£ããšãããã
ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªéœåž
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E6%B4%BE
|
6,150 |
ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸ
|
ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸ(ãã¥ã«ãŒãºã¯ãã¢ã©ãã¢èª: Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø²ÙØ©, al-DurÅ«zÄ«ya)ã¯ãã¬ããã³ãäžå¿ã«ãã·ãªã¢ã»ã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ã»ãšã«ãã³ãªã©ã«ååšããã€ã¹ã©ã æ(ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã )ç³»ã®å®æå
±åäœãã¬ããã³å
æŠæã¯ãããªã¹ãæåŸã®ããã³æŽŸãšæ¿ãã察ç«ããã
æŽå²çã«ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸããåæŽŸãããã®ã ããæçŸ©ããã¿ãŠã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æ å
ã«åãŸããã¯åŸ®åŠã§ãã€ã¹ã©ã 第äžã®å®æŽŸãšåŒã°ããããšããããããã«ã€ã¹ã©ã æã®æ ã«åãŸãããæªãããšèããããå€ãã®ã ã¹ãªã (ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸ)ã¯ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã¯ã€ã¹ã©ã ã§ã¯ãªããšèããŠããã
ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸå
±åäœã®æå¡ã¯æ°æçã«ã¯ã¢ã©ã人ã§ãäžæ±å
šåã§ããã100äžäººãååšãããšããããåã¢ã¡ãªã«ã»åã¢ã¡ãªã«ã»ãšãŒããããªã©ã«ãæµ·å€å
±åäœãååšããããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã¯ãŸãããã®æç«ã«è³ãçµç·¯ã圌ãã®å±
äœå°åã«ãããŠåç¬ã§å€æ°æŽŸã圢æãããããä»å®æã»ä»å®æŽŸãšå¯Ÿç«ã»å調ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠããããšãããå
šäœãšããŠäžä¿çã»é²æ©çãªæ¿æ²»ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãæ¯æããåŸåãããã
ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®æºæµã¯ã8äžçŽã«ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äž»æµæŽŸã®åäºã€ããŒã 掟ããåé¢ããŠçãŸããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã§ããã10äžçŽã«ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã¥ããžã¢ã§ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæã建åœããã€ããŒã ããã®ã«ãªããç§°ããããã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®ããšã§ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®æèª¬ã®å±éã®äžã§ã10äžçŽæ«ã«å³äœãã第6代ã«ãªããããŒãã ã®æ²»äžã«åœŒãç¥æ Œåããã°ã«ãŒãããããããäºå®äžãã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®å€æ°æŽŸããåæŽŸããã
1021幎ãããŒãã ã倱螪ãããšãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®åŸæ¥ã®æçŸ©ãå
æãã倿°æŽŸã®å·»ãè¿ããèµ·ãããããŒãã ãç¥æ Œåãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã¯åŒŸå§ãåãããã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®æ¯é
ãããšãžããã远ãããŠã·ãªã¢å°æ¹ã®å±±å²³å°åž¯ã«å®£æã®å ŽãèŠåºããã圌ãã¯ã°ããŒã·ã¹äž»çŸ©ã®åœ±é¿ãåãããšã¿ãããç¬èªã®æçãçºå±ãããä»ã®ã ã¹ãªã ããå³ããç°ç«¯èŠãããããã«ãªã£ãŠãã£ãã
ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã¯ã¬ããã³å±±å°ãªã©ã®å±±å²³å°åž¯ã§ãžã¥ã³ãã©ãŒãå®¶ã»ã¢ã«ã¹ã©ãŒã³å®¶ãªã©ããã€ãã®æåå®¶ç³»ãæå°è
ãšããŠçµæããå°æ°æŽŸã§ãããªãããªã¹ãã³åžåœæä»£ããè¿ä»£ã«ãããŠã¬ããã³ã»ã·ãªã¢ã®æ¿æ²»ã®è¡šèå°ã«ãã£ãп޻åããã19äžçŽååã«ã¯ã¬ããã³å±±å°åéšã«å
±åäœã圢æããããªã¹ãæåŸã®ããã³æŽŸãšæ¿ãã察ç«ããã«ããªãã¯ã«è¿ãããã³æŽŸã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ãåŸæŽè
ãšããŠã€ããé¢ä¿ãããã€ã®ãªã¹ããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸãåŸæŽãããšããåœéçŽäºã«ãŸã§çºå±ããšãã«1860幎ã«ã¯æ¿ããè¡çªãèµ·ãããããªã¹ãã³åžåœè§£äœåŸã®1925幎ã«ã¯ã·ãªã¢å°æ¹ã統治ãããã©ã³ã¹ã«å¯Ÿããåä¹±ãèµ·ãããã·ãªã¢å°æ¹å
šåãå·»ã蟌ãåä»éäºã®ãã£ãããã€ãã£ãŠããã
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã¯ãžã¥ã³ãã©ãŒãå®¶ã®ã«ããŒã«ã»ãžã¥ã³ãã©ãŒããšã¯ãªãŒãã»ãžã¥ã³ãã©ãŒãã®ç¶åãäžä¿äž»çŸ©ãæ²ãã鲿©ç€ŸäŒå
ãçµæãåœå®¶ã®äžä¿åã«ããæš©å©åäžãç®æãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®éåã®æå°è
ãšãªãæ¿åºã®èŠè·ãæŽä»»ã1975幎ããå§ãŸãã¬ããã³å
æŠã§ã倧ããªåœ¹å²ãæãããã
ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®æçã¯ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãã€ã¹ã©ã ç¥ç§äž»çŸ©(ã¹ãŒãã£ãºã )ã«å ããã°ããŒã·ã¹äž»çŸ©ãæ°ãã©ãã³äž»çŸ©ã®åœ±é¿ãåãããšèããããŠããã
ãã¥ã«ãŒãºã®åã¯ãããŒãã ã®å¯µè£ã ã£ãäžå€®ã¢ãžã¢åºèº«ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸæå®£å¡ãã©ãºã£ãŒã«ç±æ¥ããŠãããšããã®ãå®èª¬ã§ããããã ãããã¯ä»ç§°ã§ããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®äººã
ã¯ãã ã¯ãããã¥ãŒã³(å¯äžç¥ã®ä¿¡åŸ)ããã¢ãã«ã»ã¢ã«=ã¿ãŠããŒã(å¯äžç¥ã®æ°)ããšèªç§°ããã
ãã©ãºã£ãŒã¯ããŒãã ãç¥æ Œåããæçã説ããŠåºãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®æç«ã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããããã®ã¡ã®ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®æçŸ©ã«ãããŠã¯ãã·ã¥ã¿ããŒã³ãšç§°ããããã©ãºã£ãŒã¯ç°ç«¯ãšã¿ãªãããŠãããããã¯ãããŒãã ååœäžã®1019å¹Žã«æŽåã«ããæ®ºå®³ãããããŒãã ç¥æ Œåã°ã«ãŒãã®äžã®åãã©ãºã£ãŒæŽŸæå°è
ã§ãããã ã¶ã»ã€ãã³=ã¢ãªãŒã®çããã°ã«ãŒãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã«ç¹ãã£ãŠãã£ããšããäºæ
ãåæ ããŠãããšèããããããã ã¶ã¯ãã©ãºã£ãŒã®æ»å»ããããŒãã ã®æ©å¹Žã«ããŒãã ç¥æ Œåã®æå®£éåãçµç¹åããã®ã«å€§ãã«æŽ»èºããããããŒãã 倱螪åŸã®ç¥æ Œå掟ã®åŒŸå§ã®æäžã«å€±èžªããããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã§ã¯ããã ã¶ãããŒãã ã«æ¬¡ãååšãšããŠå°åŽããŠããã
æå€§ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ããŒãã ãç¥æ Œåããåèããç¥ãšã¿ãªãç¹ãããã³æå£æå°è
ãã ã¶ãã€ããŒã ãšããããšã§ããã倱螪ããããŒãã ã¯æ»äº¡ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã幜å¥çãžã®ãé ã(ã¬ã€ã)ã«å
¥ã£ããšä¿¡ããããŒãã ã®ä»£ç人ã»ã€ããŒã ã®ãã ã¶ããåŸ©æŽ»ã®æ¥ãã«æäžäž»ã«ãŒã€ã (ãããã£ãŒ)ãšããŠåèšããæ£çŸ©ãå®çŸãããšãããä»ã²ãšã€ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯èè
åŽæãçããªããšã§ãã¬ããã³å±±å°ã«ã¯å€ãã®èè
å»ãããããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®ä¿¡åŸãã¡ã«å°åŽãããŠããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãå«ãã€ã¹ã©ã æã®å€ãã®æŽŸãšã®æç¢ºãªçžéãå€ããã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³(ã³ãŒã©ã³)ãçšããã«ç¬èªã®èå
žããã¡ã瀌æ(ãµã©ãŒã)ã®åãã¯ã¡ãã«(ããã«)ã®æ¹åã§ã¯ãªãã人éã茪廻転çããããšãä¿¡ããããªããåãã茪廻転çãä¿¡ããæŽŸãšããŠã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸ(ãããç°ç«¯ã ãšããæèŠã匷ãããã·ãªã¢ã§ã¯äžä¿çãªåãä¿æããŠãã)ãããããåæŽŸã®ããã¯åç©ãžã®è»¢çãããããã®ã«å¯Ÿãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã¯ãããŸã§ã人éã«è»¢çãããšèããããŠããã
ã¡ãã«ãèå°ãšã¿ãªããªããããäºè¡ã®ãã¡ã®å·¡ç€Œ(ãããž)ãè¡ãããããã«ã©ãããŒã³ã®æé£(ãµãŠã )ã¯çŠæ¢ãããŠã¯ããªãã矩åã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãéåžžã«ã¯è¡ãããšã¯ãªãããã®ããã«æçŸ©ãšå®æè¡çºã®é¢ã§ã€ã¹ã©ã æã®å€ãã®æŽŸãšç°ãªãç¹ãå€ããããå€ãã®ã ã¹ãªã ã¯ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸãã€ã¹ã©ã ããã®éžè±ãšã¿ãªããŠããã
åšå²ããã®ç°ç«¯èŠãé¿ããããããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®ä¿¡åŸã¯éä¿¡åŸã«å¯ŸããŠä¿¡ä»°ãé ãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®æçå®è·µãå
¬ã«ããªããã¿ããŒã€(ä¿¡ä»°ç§å¿)ããšããè¡çºãèªããããŠããããã ãã¿ããŒã€ã¯ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã ãã®æŠå¿µã ãã§ã¯ãªããã€ã¹ã©ã æã€ããŒã掟ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸããåŒãç¶ãã ãã®ã§ããã
ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸãä¿¡å¥ããçµæ«è«ã«ããã°ãçµæ«ã®æ¥ã«åèããç¥ã§ããããŒãã ã®ä»£ç人ãã«ãŒã€ã ãšããŠåèšãããã ã¶ããã¹ã³ã掟ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãå«ãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸä»¥å€ã®ãã¹ãŠã®äººéãäºçåžæ°ãºã£ã³ããŒã«ããŠãç¹å®ã®è¡£æã匷å¶ããŠã人é çšã城åãããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®ç·æ§ã¯åœŒãã®å¥³æ§ãåäŸãç²åŸãã圌ãã®è²¡ç£ãåå°ãç²åŸãããšãããã
ã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ã«ãããŠãããå°æ°ãªãããžã¥ãªã¹ãªã©ã«ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®äœæ°ãã¡ãååšããŠããããã¥ã«ãŒãºã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ãšã«å€æ°æŽŸã®ãŠãã€äººãšãè¡ã®ççŽããçµã³ããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸã®ç·æ§ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸãããªã¹ãæåŸã®ã¢ã©ã人ãšã¯ç°ãªãã€ã¹ã©ãšã«åœé²è»ã«ãããå
µåœ¹çŸ©åãããã2008幎ã®ãã«ã¢ãã倧åŠã«ãããã¥ã«ãŒãºã³ãã¥ããã£ã®è¥è
ã«å¯Ÿãã調æ»ã§ã¯ã94%ãããã¥ã«ãŒãºç³»ã€ã¹ã©ãšã«äººããšèªèªããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E6%B4%BE
|
6,152 |
ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸ
|
ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸ(ãã¶ãŒã«ã¯ããã«ã·ã¢èª: ÙØ²Ø§Ø±ÛاÙ, NezÄriyÄnãã¢ã©ãã¢èª: ÙØ²Ø§Ø±ÙØ©, NizÄrÄ«ya)ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ã æã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã»ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®å掟ã1094幎ããã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®ã«ãªã=ã€ããŒã äœãããã£ãŠã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯äºæŽŸã«åè£ãããããã®ãã¡ã®äžæ¹ããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸ(ããäžæ¹ã¯ã ã¹ã¿ã¢ãªãŒæŽŸ)ã§ããã岿ãçŸåšã®å ±éãåŠè¡çèäœã§ãåã«ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãšããŠã ã¹ã¿ã¢ãªãŒæŽŸãšäžæ¬ããŠæ±ãããããšãå€ãã
ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ããµãã»ãµãããŒãã®æå°ããã€ã©ã³æ¹é¢ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã§æ¯æãç²åŸã11äžçŽæ«ãã13äžçŽåã°ãŸã§ã·ãªã¢å°æ¹ãããã©ãŒãµãŒã³ã«ç¹åšããåç Šããã³ãã®åšèŸºé åãä¿æããã€ã©ã³é«åã®ã¢ã©ã ãŒãã«ç¯åãããã¢ã©ã ãŒãåç Š(è±èªç)ãäžå¿ã«ç¬ç«æ¿æš©ãæã¡ç«ãŠããæã«æµå¯Ÿããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æãååè»ã®èŠäººãææ®ºãããšããææ®µãçšããããšããææ®ºæå£ã®å¥ç§°ãçãŸããã®ã¡ã«å€§éº»åžåŒãªã©ãšçµã³ã€ããããŠäŒèª¬åãã(ããã«ã€ããŠã¯ææ®ºæå£ãåç
§)ã
13äžçŽåã°ã®ã¢ã³ãŽã«åžåœè»ã®å°æ¥ã«ãã£ãŠã»ãšãã©ã®åç Šã倱ãããåºãå°åã«æ£åšããã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯åç¶ããçŸåšã§ã¯ã€ã³ããããã¹ã¿ã³ãã·ãªã¢ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã¿ãžãã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã¶ã³ãžãã«ãªã©æ±ã¢ããªã«ããã³æ¬§ç±³ã«ä¿¡åŸãæãããç¹ã«ã€ã³ãã»ããã¹ã¿ã³æ¹é¢ã®ããŒãžã£ãŒæŽŸã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã³ãã¥ããã£ããã³ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã¿ãžãã¹ã¿ã³ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã³ãã¥ããã£ã®æå°è
ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³ã¯ã絶倧ãªè²¡åãèæ¯ã«åå°åã«ç€ŸäŒç圱é¿åãèªãã
1095幎ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸç¬¬18代ã€ããŒã ãããªãã¡ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæç¬¬8代ã«ãªãã»ã ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã£ã«(è±èªç)ã®æ²¡åŸãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã®ã«ãªã=ã€ããŒã äœãå·¡ã£ãŠäºæŽŸã«åè£ãããåœåã¯å
ãã¶ãŒã«ãç¶æ¿ããããšãšãªã£ãŠããããåœæã®ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæã«ãããŠå
šæš©ãæ¡ãå®°çžã¢ã«=ã¢ããã«ã»ã·ã£ãŒãã³ã·ã£ãŒã(è±èªç)ã¯ã効婿ã§ãã¶ãŒã«ã®åŒã¢ããããã ã¹ã¿ã¢ãªãŒãšããŠç»æ¥µãããããã¶ãŒã«ã¯ããã«åçºããŠã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããªã¢ã§åä¹±ãèµ·ãããããã®ãšããã¶ãŒã«ãæ¯æãã人ã³ãšãåŸä»£ãã¶ãŒãªãŒã€ãããªãã¡ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãšåŒã¶ãåä¹±èªäœã¯æ©æã«é®å§ããããã¶ãŒã«ãã«ã€ãã«å¹œéãããåŸã1098幎ãŸã§ã«ã¯æ²¡ããŠããŸã£ãã
åœæã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯æ¬æ å°ãšãžããã«ããããã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®è¡°å¢ãšã¯è£è
¹ã«ãäžå€®ã¢ãžã¢ãã€ã©ã³ãã€ãšã¡ã³ãã·ãªã¢ãªã©ã«æç·ãã®ã°ããŠãããããã諞å°åã®å€§éšåã¯åè£ã«éããŠããã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®ã ã¹ã¿ã¢ãªãŒæŽŸããšã£ãããã€ã©ã³ãšã€ã©ã¯ããã³ããäžéšã®ã·ãªã¢ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã¶ãŒã«ã®ã€ããŒã äœç¶æ¿ãæ¯æããã圌ãã¯ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæããã³ã«ã€ãã®ãã¢ã¯ãšã®çµ¶çžãéžã³ãç¬èªã®ãã¢ã¯ãèšç«ãããããããã£ãŠãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®æç«ãšããã
11äžçŽä»¥éããµãŒããŒã³æè¡°éåŸã®äžå€®ã¢ãžã¢ããã€ã©ã³æ±éšã«ãããŠæå¢ã䌞ã°ããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ã1070幎ããã«ã¯ãã€ã©ã (Daylam)ãããã©ãŒãµãŒã³ã«ãããå°åã§ãå¢åãèããŠããããã®ææã¯ã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã®ç¢ºç«æã«ããã£ãŠãããã¹ã³ãæŽŸã®æ£çµ±æ§ã匷ã䞻匵ããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã¯ãã€ã¹ãã¡ããŒã³è¿éããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã®é åãææ®ããããŒã€ãŒã»ã¢ããã¥ã«ããªã¯ã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¢ãã¿ãŒã·ã¥ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã«å¯Ÿããå§åã匷ãã€ã€ãã£ããããã«å¯Ÿãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯1090幎ã®ããµãã»ãµãããŒãã«ãããã€ã©ã ã®ã¢ã©ã ãŒãåç Š(è±èªç)奪åãç®åãã«ãåå°ã§å
¬ç¶ãšã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã«å¯Ÿããåæãéå§ããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸåæ ç¹ã®å
å²ãªã©å€§èŠæš¡ãªé®å§ã«ä¹ãåºããŠããããããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã¯1092幎ã«å®°çžãã¶ãŒã ã»ã¢ã«=ã ã«ã¯ãææ®ºãããããã«ã¹ã«ã¿ã³ã»ããªã¯ã»ã·ã£ãŒã没ãããšå
ä¹±ç¶æ
ã«é¥ã£ãŠããŸããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ããã«ä¹ããŠãã€ã©ã³åå°ã®å±±å²³åç Šãªã©ãæ»ç¥ãã確åºããå°æ©ãç¯ãããšã«ãªã(ãªãããã¶ãŒã ã»ã¢ã«=ã ã«ã¯ã®ææ®ºã«é¢ããŠã¯ãéå²ã以éã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã«ãããã®ãšããããããã宿
ã¯äžæã§ãã)ã
ãã®ç¶æ³ã®äžã§æŽ»èºãã1094幎ãããŸã§ã«ã€ã©ã³æ¹é¢ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã§é è§ãçŸããã®ãã¢ã©ã ãŒãåç Šãæ¬æ ãšããããµãã»ãµãããŒãã§ãããããµãã»ãµãããŒãã¯1081幎ã«ãšãžããããåž°éããŠãã€ã©ã³åå°ãæ
ãã1085幎ãããããã€ã©ã ã§æŽ»åãå§ããã1090幎ã«ã¯ã¢ã©ã ãŒãåç Šã奪åãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ã€ã©ã³åå°ã«ããŒã€ãŒã掟é£ããŠã¢ã©ã ãŒãåæ§ã«å±±å²³åç Šãäžå¿ãšããé²åã®å
ãæžè°·ãªã©èªæ²»çé åã圢æãããšããææ³ã«ãã£ãŠã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã«å¯Ÿæããããã®ãããªé åã¯ã€ã©ã³åéšã¢ã«ãã«ãºå±±äžãã€ã©ã³åéšããŒãŒã¹ã¿ãŒã³ãããã¡ãŒã«ã¹ã«ãããŠã®ã¶ãŒã°ãã¹å±±äžããããŠãã©ãŒãµãŒã³æ±éšã®ã¯ãã¹ã¿ãŒã³(è±èªç)(Quhestan)ãªã©ã®å°åå
åæã«åœ¢æãããããŸãã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯ææ¯é
äžã®å°åã§ããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®æã¯ç¹åšããéœåžã«ãããŠãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸä¿¡åŸã¯ååšããã圌ãã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®ã¿ããŒã€(ä¿¡ä»°ç§å¿)ã®äŒçµ±ã«åŸãã衚åãã¹ã³ã掟信åŸãšããŠæ¯ãèãäžæ¹ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã§ããããšãæããã«ããŠæŠã諞å°åãžã®æŽå©ãè¡ã£ãŠããããã®æŠç¥ã¯åŒ·å€§ãªè»äºåããã€äžæ¹ã§åéœåžçµ±æ²»è
ããšã®åæš©åŸåãã€ããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã«å¯ŸããŠéåžžã«æå¹ã«æ©èœãããããããŠã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ã€ã©ã³é«åã«èªæ²»é åãé£ããŠæ¿æ²»å¢åã圢æããããšã«æåããã
ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯åæã«ãã£ããŒã€ãŒ(èªå·±ç ç²ãèŸããªãè
ãšããæå³)ã«ããææ®ºãšããææ®µãçšããŠã®æµå¯Ÿæåè
ã®æé€ãèŸããªãã£ãããã®ããã¹ã³ã掟ã®ç«å ŽãéèŠããäœæ°ã®ããã ã§ã¯èèã®åŠãå¿ã¿å«ãããããšã«ãªã£ããææ®ºæå£ã®èšèª¬ã«ãããããŸããŸãªäŒèª¬ã®çŽ å°ã¯ããã«ãããåŸä»£å²æã§ã¯ãã®ææã®ææ®ºã¯ãã¹ãŠã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸããã³ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã«çµã³ã€ããããåŸåããããäºå®ãšããŠæããã«ãªã£ãŠããããã§ã¯ãªãããŸãææ®ºè
ã®åæ©ä»ãã®ããã®å€§éº»äœ¿çšã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã¢ã©ãã¢èªã»ãã«ã·ã¢èªãªã©ã®ã¹ã³ã掟åŽã®æµå¯ŸçåŸä»£å²æã§ãèšåãããŠãããäºå®ãšã¯ã§ããªãã(è©³çŽ°ã¯ææ®ºæå£åç
§)ã
1095幎ã®ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæã«ãããã€ããŒã =ã«ãªãäœãå·¡ãäºãã§ãããµãã»ãµãããŒããã¯ããã€ã©ã³æ¹é¢ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ããã¶ãŒã«ãæ¯æããããã®èŠå ãããµã³ã®ãšãžããæ»åšæã«åœæã®å®°çžããã«ã»ã¢ã«=ãžã£ããŒãªãŒ(ãã¶ãŒã«ã«ããã£ãŠã ã¹ã¿ã¢ãªãŒãã«ãªããšããå®°çžã¢ããã«ã®ç¶ã§ãã ã¹ã¿ã¢ãªãŒã®çŸ©ç¶)ãšç¢ºå·ãçããããããšèª¬æããããšãããããããã¯äŒæ¿ã®åãåºãã宿
ãšããŠã®ãã¶ãŒã«æ¯æã®èæ¯ã¯å¿
ãããæããã§ã¯ãªããããããã€ã©ã³å°åã®çŸå°ãã¢ã¯ã¯ã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æãšã®æ¿ãã察ç«é¢ä¿ã®äžã§èŠéããç¬èªã«ç¢ºåºããå°æ©ãç¯ããŠãããããã«ã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æãšã®å¯Ÿç«é¢ä¿ã®èæ¯ã«ã¯å°å
æ°ã®åãã¥ã«ã¯ã®åŸåããã£ããããããã€ã©ã³çŸå°ã®ããŒã€ãŒãã¡ãã«ã€ãã®ãã¢ã¯ã«å¯Ÿããçºèšåã匷ããããã«ããã£ãŠç¬ç«ãã¢ã¯ãå¿åãããšãã説æãå¯èœã§ããã圌ãã¯ãšãžããã§ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æ¯ææŽŸã®æ©æã®è¡°éã«å¯Ÿããã€ã©ã³æ¹é¢ã§ã¢ã©ã ãŒããäžå¿ã«é·æã«ãããæ¿æš©ãç¯ãããšã«ãªãã
ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæãšã®é¢ä¿ãçµ¶ã£ãããšãããµãã»ãµãããŒãã¯ã€ã©ã³åå°ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãã¢ã©ã ãŒããäžå¿ãšããçµç¹ãšããŠæŽåããäžæ¹ã奪åãããã¯æ°èšããåç Šã®ç¶æãšé åã®æ¡å€§ãã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ã®å³æ Œãªæœè¡ã«åªãããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã®äžå¿å°ã®ã²ãšã€ã€ã¹ãã¡ããŒã³åšèŸºã§ã¯ã¢ãããã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¢ãã¿ãŒã·ã¥(å
è¿°ã®ã¢ããã¥ã«ããªã¯ã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¢ãã¿ãŒã·ã¥ã®æ¯å)ã1100幎ãã²ã«ãã¯ãŒãåç Š(è±èªç)(ã·ã£ãŒã»ãã£ãºåç Š)ãèœãšããã¢ã©ã ãŒãåšèŸºã§ã¯1102幎ãé
äžã®ããºã«ã°ã»ãŠããŒããã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®è¥¿æ¹ã«ããã©ã³ããµã«åç Š(è±èªç)ãèœãšããŠã¢ã©ã ãŒãå°åã®é²è¡ã匷åãã¯ãŒãã¹ã¿ãŒã³ã§ãæå¢ã®æ¡å€§ã«ãããã¢ã©ã ãŒãåšèŸºã«ã€ããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®æ ç¹ãšããŠã®äœçœ®ã確ãããã®ãšããããŸã1100幎ååŸããããµãã»ãµãããŒãã¯ã·ãªã¢ã«ãããŒã€ãŒã掟é£ããŠãã(ã·ãªã¢ã§ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã«ã€ããŠã¯åŸè¿°)ã
ãããããªã¯ã»ã·ã£ãŒæ²¡åŸã®ã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã®æ··ä¹±ã¯1104幎ã«ã¯äžæ®µèœãã1106幎ã®ãã«ãã€ãŒã«ã¯ã®æ²¡åŸã€ã©ã³æ¹é¢ã®ã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯ææš©åã¯ã ãã³ããã»ã¿ãã«ã«éçŽãããããšã«ãªã£ããã ãã³ããã»ã¿ãã«ã¯ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®äžæãæããŠåæ»ã«è»¢ããã1107幎ã«ã·ã£ãŒã»ãã£ãºåç Šãé¥èœãã»ãã«ãã¶ãŒã°ãã¹å±±èæ¹é¢ã§ããã€ãã®åç Šãé¥èœããããŸãã¢ã©ã ãŒãè¿èŸºã®ã¬ãºãŽã£ãŒã³ã®è¡ã§ãäºå¥ªãç¹°ãè¿ãããŠããã1115幎ããããã¯ã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æè»ã«ããå€§èŠæš¡ãªã¢ã©ã ãŒãåç Šå
岿Šãè¡ããããã1118幎ã®ã ãã³ããã»ã¿ãã«ã®æ»å»ã«ãã£ãŠå
å²è»ã¯çŠè§£ãã¢ã©ã ãŒãã¯çª®å°ãè±ãããããããŠããµãã»ãµãããŒãã¯ããªã¯ã»ã·ã£ãŒããã«ãã€ãŒã«ã¯ãã ãã³ããã»ã¿ãã«ã®äžä»£ã«ãããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã®å
å²ãããšããšãéããããšã§å声ãåããåå®ãšãã«ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸç¬¬äžã®æå°è
ãšããŠèªããããããšã«ãªãããã€ã©ã³ã§ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®æ¡å€§ã1110幎ååŸã«ã¯éçã«éãã以éã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æãšã®æ»é²ã¯äžé²äžéãç¹°ãè¿ãè çç¶æ
ãšãªã£ããããµãã»ãµãããŒãã¯1124幎6æã«æ²¡ããã
ããµãã»ãµãããŒãã¯ã€ããŒã ã®ãããžã£ãšããŠãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãæå°ãããšãããããããžã£ãšã¯ã¢ã©ãã¢èªã§ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æèã§ã¯ã蚌ãããæå³ããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãã€ããŒã ãšãããã¶ãŒã«ã¯1098幎ãŸã§ã«ã«ã€ãã§æ²¡ããŠãããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã§ã¯ä»£ããã€ããŒã ãç«ãŠãããšãããããã¶ãŒã«ã¯è¡æ¹äžæãªãããé ããã®ç¶æ
ã«å
¥ã£ããã®ãšããŠæ±ããããµãã»ãµãããŒãã¯ãããžã£ãããªãã¡ã€ããŒã ãšå¯äžæãéããããšã®åºæ¥ãã€ããŒã ã®ä»£çè
ã§ãããšããã®ã§ãããå®éããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸé³é 貚幣ã¯12äžçŽåŸåã«è³ããŸã§ãã¶ãŒã«ã®ã€ããŒã åã¢ã«=ã ã¹ã¿ãã¡ã®åãå»ãŸããŠãããåæã«ããµãã»ãµãããŒãã¯ã¢ã©ã ãŒãã«å€ä»ã®å³æžãéãã峿žé€šãèšçœ®ã以éã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®èœåãŸã§å€ãã®åŠè
ãåŒãã€ããã
ããµãã»ãµãããŒãã®ããšãç¶ãã ã®ããã©ã³ããµã«åç Šãæ²»ããããºã«ã°ã»ãŠããŒãã4人ã®ããŒã€ãŒã§ãã£ããããºã«ã°ã»ãŠããŒãã¯åŸã
ã«ä»ãå§åãã1138å¹Žã®æ»ãŸã§åç¬ã®æ¯é
ã確ç«ãããããºã«ã°ã»ãŠããŒãã¯ããµãã»ãµãããŒãã®æœçãç¶æ¿ããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æãšã®äžé²äžéãç¶æããã1129幎ã«ã¯ã¹ã«ã¿ã³ã»ããã ãŒãããåæŠãææ¡ãããããããæçµ¶ããŸã1131幎ã«ã¯ã¢ãªãŒæã®ã¶ã€ã掟ã€ããŒã ãã¢ããŒã»ããŒã·ã ã»ãžã¥ã«ãžã£ãŒããŒãæãããŠåŠåããŠããã1135幎ã®ã¢ãããŒã¹æã«ãªãã»ã ã¹ã¿ã«ã·ãã®ææ®ºã«é¢äžãããšããããã1138幎2æ9æ¥ãããºã«ã°ã»ãŠããŒãã¯æ²¡ããæ¯åã ãã³ãããåŸãç¶ãã ã以éãã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®æå°è
ã¯ä»£ã
ããºã«ã°ã»ãŠããŒãã®åå«ãç¶æ¿ããã第3代ãããžã£ãšãªãããŒã«ããã£ãŒã³ã»ã ãã³ãã(ãã«ã·ã¢èªç)(ã ãã³ãã1äž)ã®æä»£ã«ã¯ãã¢ã©ã ãŒãã«ãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸå
šäœã®çµ±æ²»ãã»ãŒç¢ºç«ããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸé åã¯å®å®ããããã®ãããŸã§ã«ã¯ãããã·ã£ãŒã³(ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³æåæ±éš))ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®äžã«å
¥ã£ãæš¡æ§ã§ãããåå°ã®ããŒã€ãŒã¯ã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®æç€ºã«å®å
šã«æåŸããããšã«ãªãããäžæ¹ã§é倧ãªäºæ
ãçºçããªãéãããã®èªæ²»æ§ã¯èªããããã20幎匷ã«ããã£ãŠãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãçããã ãã³ãã1äžã¯1162幎2æ21æ¥ã«æ²¡ããæ¯åããµã³ã»ãºã£ã¯ãªãããµã©ãŒã (è±èªç)(ããµã³2äž)ãããšãç¶ãã ã
ããµã³2äžã®çµ±æ²»ã¯4幎匱ãšçãã£ããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®æŽå²ã®äžã§ãéåžžã«éèŠãªæä»£ã§ãããã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®æå°è
ã¯ãããµã³2äžã«ããããŸã§ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®äž»åžããŒã€ãŒãã€ãã¶ãŒã«ã®ãããžã£ãããªãã¡ä»£ç人ãšããŠãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãçããŠãããã1164幎8æããµã³2äžã¯ãã€ãŒãã宣èšããã®ã§ãããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã«ããããã€ãŒããšã¯ã€ããŒã ã®ã«ãŒã€ã (=ãããã£ãŒ=æäžäž»)ãšããŠã®åèšã®ããšã§ããããã®æ¥ã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ã¯å»æ£ããããããµã³2äžã¯ããã«ãããã£ãŠãã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ã廿£ããããèªãããã¶ãŒã«ã®åå«ã§ãããã€ããŒã ã§ãããšç€ºåããã®ã§ãããã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ã®å»æ£ã¯éåžžã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®æ å€ã«åºãããšãæå³ãããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ããµã³2äžã«åŸã£ãŠãã®äž»åŒµãå®å
šã«åãå
¥ããããã ãå®éã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®æŽ»åã«ãããŠã¯ææ¡çãªã·ã£ãªãŒã¢å®è·µãæ¹ãããããã®ã®ãé œå»çãªä¹±èã«é¥ã£ããšãã岿ã®å ±åã¯ãªãã
1169幎1æ9æ¥ãããµã³2äžã¯ä¿å®æŽŸã®çŸ©åŒã«æ®ºå®³ãããããããããšãç¶ãã æ¯åã®ããŒã«ã»ã¢ããã£ãŒã³ã»ã ãã³ãã2äžãããµã³2äžã®æœçãåãç¶ãã ãã ãã³ãã2äžã¯ã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®æå°è
ã¯ã€ããŒã ãšããŠããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®åã«ç«ã¡ãããµã³2äžã®æçŸ©ã®æŽç·Žã«åãæ³šãã ãããªãã¡ç¶ããµã³2äžã¯ãã¶ãŒã«ã®åå«ã§ãããšè«ããã®ã§ããã圌ã®40幎匷ã®çµ±æ²»ã¯å®å®ããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã®çµ±äžæš©åãå®å
šã«çŠè§£ãããã®æä»£ãåšèŸºè«žå¢åãšã®é¢ä¿ã«ãããŠãæ¯èŒçå¹³åã§ãã£ããã·ãªã¢ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãå
šçæãè¿ããã®ããã®æä»£ã§ãããã ãã³ãã2äžã¯1210幎9æ1æ¥ã«æ²¡ãããžã£ã©ãŒã«ã»ã¢ããã£ãŒã³ã»ããµã³ããªãã¡ããµã³3äžãããšãç¶ãã ã
ããµã³3äžã®æä»£ã¯æ¿åã®æä»£ã§ãã£ããç¶ã ãã³ãã2äžã®æ©å¹Žã¯ãã©ãºã ã·ã£ãŒæã®æ¡å€§æã«ãããããã©ãºã ã»ã·ã£ãŒæã®æŽå©ãåããã¢ãããŒã¹æã®æã®éã®åŸ©èæã§ããã£ãããã®ãããªç¶æ³äžã«ãã£ãŠããµã³3äžã¯ãç¥ç¶ããµã³2äžã«ãããã€ãŒãã®æçŸ©ã廿¢ããããã«ã¹ã³ã掟ãŠã©ããŒãæèããã¹ã³ã掟ã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ã®å®è·µãåœãããããªãã¡ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãšããŠã®ç¬èªæ§ã ãã§ãªããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãšããŠã®ç«å ŽããæšãŠå»ã£ãã®ã§ãããã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æä»¥éçµ¶ããŠãªãã£ã匷倧ãªè»äºåãèæ¯ãšãããã©ãºã ã·ã£ãŒæã®å§åã¯éåžžã«åŒ·ããã®ã§ããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯åŸæ¥ã®åŸ¹åºç察ç«é¢ä¿ãç¶æããããšã¯ã§ãããæäœéæ¿æ²»çæš©åãšããŠã®ç¬ç«æ§ãç¶æããããã«ãã©ãºã ã·ã£ãŒæãªã©ãšãæ¯ã
éã
ã®å€äº€é¢ä¿ãçµãã§å€ç«çç¶æ³ãè±ããããã«ãšã£ãæ¿çã§ãã£ããšèããããŠãããããµã³3äžã¯ãã®æ¿çã«åºã¥ã1211幎ãã¢ãããŒã¹æãšåå¹³ãçµã³ããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸé åã®çµ±æ²»æš©ãã¢ãããŒã¹æã«ãªãã»ããŒã¹ã£ã«ã®åã«ãããŠèªãããããããã¯ãšãããªããããã©ãºã ã·ã£ãŒæã«ããèªç¥ãšããæå³ãæã£ãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã®æ¿çãå°é£ãªç¶æ³äžã«ãããã¿ããŒã€(ä¿¡ä»°ç§å¿)ãšè§£éããŠæ¹éãåãå
¥ãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸé åã¯ãã®å®å
šã確ä¿ããã®ã§ãããããããŠã€ã«ãããºæã®ã¢ã¿ãã°ã»ãŠãºãã°(Atabeg Uzbekã1210â1225)ãšã®åçã«ãã£ãŠè¥å¹²ã®å¢åæ¡å€§ãããŠããã
1221幎11æããµã³3äžã¯æ²¡ããæ¯åã¢ã©ãŒãŠããã£ãŒã³ã»ã ãã³ãã(ã ãã³ãã3äž)ãããšãç¶ãã ããã®ãšãã ãã³ãã3äžã¯9æ³ã§ãç¶ã®è£äžãã¡ã«ãã£ãŠæ¿åã代è¡ãããã¹ã³ãæŽŸåæ¿çã¯ç¶ç¶ãããã1230幎ã«ã¯ãã©ãºã ã·ã£ãŒæã®çµ±æ²»è
ã®åã«ãã£ãŠããããèªãããã«ãã©ãºã ã·ã£ãŒæããèŠè«ãããŠããããããã ãã³ãã3äžãæ¿åãå·ãããã«ãªããšãã¹ã³ã掟ã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ã®å®è·µã¯åŸã
ã«åŒ±ããããããã«ãªã£ããããã¯ã ãã³ãã3äžã®åæ§ãšãã1231幎以éã®ãã©ãºã ã·ã£ãŒæã®æ¥éãªåŒ±äœåã«äŒŽãå床ã®ç¬ç«åŸåãšãèããããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã®æç¹ã§ãã©ãºã ã·ã£ãŒæãšæµå¯Ÿããã¢ãããŒã¹æããã³ã¢ã³ãŽã«åžåœãšé奜é¢ä¿ãçµã³ãæš©å空çœã«ä¹ããŠåã³æ¡å€§ã«è»¢ãããããã«ã€ã³ããžã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸå®£æã«æåããŠãã(ããŒãžã£ãŒæŽŸãåç
§)ããŸãæåçç¹æ ãèŠãããã¹ã£ãŒã«ããã£ãŒã³ã»ãã¥ãŒã¹ã£ãŒãªã©å€ãã®åŠè
ããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸé åã蚪ããããµãã»ãµãããŒãã®éºãã峿žé€šãå©çšãç ç©¶ãè¡ã£ãããããã ãã³ãã3äžã®æ©å¹Žã«ã¯è¿«ãæ¥ãã¢ã³ãŽã«åžåœãšã®å¯Ÿç«ãæ¹èµ·ããŠææŠäœå¶ã«å
¥ããããããã¯ããã«ãé¢é£ããçžç¶äºããèµ·ãã£ãŠããŸããçµå±1255幎12æ1æ¥ãã ãã³ãã3äžã没ãããš(äžèª¬ã«ã¯ä¿¡åŸã«æ®ºå®³ãã)ãåœåã®åŸç¶è
åè£ã§é·ç·ã«ã¯ãããã£ãŒã³ã»ããŒã«ã·ã£ãŒ(ãã«ã·ã¢èªç)ãããšãç¶ããã«ã¯ãããã£ãŒã³ã»ããŒã«ã·ã£ãŒã¯æåŸã®ã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®æ¯é
è
ã§ããã
ãã§ã«ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸæ±æ¹é åã§ã¯ã¢ã³ãŽã«åžåœè»ã®æ»æã«ãããããŠãããã1256幎4æã«ã¯åŸã
ã«è¥¿é²ããŠãããã¬ã°çãã倧è»ãã€ã©ã³ã«å
¥ãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸè«žæ ç¹ã®æ»æãéå§ãããã«ã¯ãããã£ãŒã³ã»ããŒã«ã·ã£ãŒã¯ã¢ã³ãŽã«è»ã«ãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸå£æ»
ãæãã¹ã³ã掟諞å¢åã®ææãéããŠãã¢ã³ãŽã«è»ã«ããæ»æãé¿ããããšããŠäº€æžã«å
¥ããããããªãããã®è€éãªå¯Ÿç«é¢ä¿ã«ãã亀æžã¯å€±æããã¬ã°ããã¯ã€ããŒã ããã³ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®ã¢ã³ãŽã«ãžã®å®å
šæåŸãšããç¡æ¡ä»¶éäŒãæ±ããæåŸéçãåãåãããšã«ãªãããããããã£ãŠãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãçŽç³Ÿããéãã¢ã³ãŽã«è»ã¯ã¢ã©ã ãŒãåšèŸºã«å¯Ÿããæ»æãéå§ããåœæã«ã¯ãããã£ãŒã³ã®æ»åšããŠãããã€ã ãŒã³åç Šãéäžçã«æ»ããããããã€ã ãŒã³åç Šã¯ã¢ã©ã ãŒãåç Šã«æ¯ã¹é²åãèãã11æ8æ¥ããã¬ã°èªèº«ã®ææ®ã«ããç·æ»æãå§ãŸããæ°æ¥ã®ãã¡ã«éäŒãäœåãªããããã11æ19æ¥ã«ã¯ã«ã¯ãããã£ãŒã³ãåãåºãã
ã¢ã³ãŽã«è»ã¯ã«ã¯ãããã£ãŒã³ãééã«æ±ããæ®ã諞åç Šã«å¯ŸãéäŒãåœãããããããã«ãããã£ãŠè«žåç Šã¯æ¬¡ã
ã«éäŒããããã¢ã©ã ãŒãåç Šã¯12æãã©ã³ããµã«åç Šã¯1257幎ãŸã§æã¡ããããããã«1270幎ãããŸã§æµæããåç Šããããããã倧å¢ãšããŠã¯è«žåç Šã®éäŒã«ãã£ãŠãçŽ150幎ã«ããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸç¬ç«æ¿æš©ã¯ã«ã¯ãããã£ãŒã³ã®éäŒã«ãã£ãŠæ»
亡ãããšãããã1257幎3æ9æ¥ãã«ã¯ãããã£ãŒã³ã¯å€§ã«ã¢ã³ã»ã¢ã³ã±ã«è¬èŠããããã«ã©ã³ã«ã ãžæ
ç«ã£ãããããæµæãç¶ããåç Šã®ååšãçç±ã«è¬èŠã¯ããªããããã®åž°éã®1257幎æ¥ãã¢ã³ãŽã«é«åãã³ã¬ã€å±±èä»è¿ã§æ®ºå®³ããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ã€ããŒã ã倱ãããšã«ãªãããŸã諞åç Šãã¢ã³ãŽã«è»ã«ãã£ãŠæ¬¡ã
ã«ç ŽåŽãããã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®å€§å³æžé€šã倱ãããã
1095幎ã®ãã¶ãŒã«ãšã ã¹ã¿ã¢ãªãŒã«ãããã¡ãŒãã£ãæ=ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®æå°æš©äºãã§ãã·ãªã¢ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®å€§éšåãç¹ã«ããã¹ã«ã¹ãã¢ã¬ãããªã©ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ããšããšãã ã¹ã¿ã¢ãªãŒã«ã€ãããã¶ãŒã«æ¯ææŽŸã¯ãããŒåéšãªã©ã·ãªã¢äžéšã®å±±å²³å°åž¯ãäžå¿ã«ããå°æ°ãæããã«éãããå°ããªã³ãã¥ããã£ã«åããã矀å°å¢åã«éããªãã£ããããã1100幎ããããããµãã»ãµãããŒãã«ãã£ãŠã¢ã©ã ãŒãããã·ãªã¢ã«ããŒã€ãŒã掟é£ãããããã«ãªããã·ãªã¢ã«ããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®åçµç¹åãæ¥éã«é²ã¿ãã ã¹ã¿ã¢ãªãŒæŽŸãšäºãããã«ãªããããããã·ãªã¢ã®æ¿æ²»ç¶æ³ã«ãããŠæåãªäžå¢åãšãªãã«ã¯ã以éåäžçŽãå¿
èŠãšããã
ãã®ããã«ã¯ã·ãªã¢ã«ããããã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®è¡°å¢ã¯æããã«ãªã£ãŠãããã·ãªã¢ã»ã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æããã³éºŸäžã®è«žæ¿æš©ãååè»ãªã©ãæ··åšããéåžžã«è€éãªç¶æ³ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã®æ··ä¹±ãèæ¯ã«ãããŒåéšããåŸã
ã«å¢åã䌞ã°ãããšããããã€ã©ã³ã«ãããã®ãšåæ§ã«èŠå¡å¥ªåã詊ã¿ãŠãã³ãã³å€±æããŠããã1126幎ã«ã¯ããã¹ã«ã¹ã®ããŒãªãŒæå代ãã¥ã°ãã®ãŒã³ã¯ããŒãªãŒæçµ±æ²»åå
ã«ãããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãå
¬èªããååè»ãšã®åç·ããããŒãã€ãŒã¹åç ŠãäžããŠãããããããã¥ã°ãã®ãŒã³ãç¶ãã ããŒãªãŒã¯åã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã«è»¢ããããã¹ã«ã¹ã«ãããåã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸæŽåã«è·æ
ããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ããã¹ã«ã¹ããäžæãããŠåŒ±äœåããããŒãã€ãŒã¹åç Šãååè»ã®æã«æž¡ãããã以éãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã®æ ç¹ããããŒã®è¥¿ããžã£ãã«ã»ããã©ãŒã«ç§»ãã1130幎代ã«ã¯ãã®åºåã§ããã€ãã®åç Šã賌å
¥ãªããç²åŸã1140幎ã«ã¯ä»¥éã®æ ç¹ãšãªããã¹ã€ãŒãåç ŠãåŸãã
ã·ãªã¢ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã¢ã©ã ãŒãããæŽŸé£ãããããŒã€ãŒã«ãã£ãŠæå°ãããããã®äžã§ãã£ãšãæåãªã®ãã©ã·ãŒãã»ãŠããã£ãŒã³ã»ã¹ã£ããŒã³ã§ã1165幎ããããã·ãªã¢ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãæå°ããŠããããã®ææã¯ã¢ã©ã ãŒãã§ã®ããµã³2äžã®çµ±æ²»æã«åœãããã·ãªã¢ã§ãããµã³2äžã®ãã€ãŒã宣èšã¯åãå
¥ããããŠãããã¹ã£ããŒã³ã¯ãã£ãŒããŒã€ãŒãçµç¹åãæŠéã«æå
¥ãããã«ææ®ºãè¡ããããããªããªäŒ¯ã¬ãŒã¢ã³2äž(è±èªç)(1152幎没)ãã¢ã³ãã§ã©ãŒã䟯ã³ã³ã©ãŒã1äž(ã³ã³ã©ã)(1192幎没)ããã®ç ç²è
ãšããããããšãŒãããã«ããããææ®ºæå£ãäŒèª¬ã®ãå±±ã®è人ãã¯ã¹ã£ããŒã³ãçŽæ¥ã®ã¢ãã«ã§ãããã¹ã£ããŒã³ã¯ã¶ã³ã®ãŒæãååè»ãããã«ãµã©ãŒãããã£ãŒã³ãªã©ã®è«žå¢åã®ããã ã§åçãšå¯Ÿç«ãå·§ã¿ã«å©çšãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸå¢åãæ¡å€§ããããŸãã¢ã©ã ãŒãã«å¯Ÿãç¬ç«ã®åŸåã瀺ãããã1192幎ããã«ã¹ã£ããŒã³ã没ãããšãã·ãªã¢ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãåã³ã¢ã©ã ãŒãã«çµ¶å¯ŸæåŸãžç«ã¡æ»ãã€ã€ãã·ãªã¢ã®è€éãªæ
å¢ãçãå»¶ã³ãŠãã£ãã
ã€ã©ã³ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸæ¿æš©ãã¢ã³ãŽã«åžåœã«ãã£ãŠåŽ©å£ãããšãã·ãªã¢ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãã¢ã³ãŽã«ã®å§åãåããããã«å ããŠãã ã«ãŒã¯æã®å§åãåããããã«ãªãã1273幎ã«ã¯æåŸã®åç Šããã ã«ãŒã¯æã®ãã€ãã«ã¹ã«éäŒãããã·ãªã¢ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã ã«ãŒã¯æãžã®æåŸãæ¡ä»¶ã«ä¿¡ä»°ãèš±ããããžãºã€ãæ¯æã£ãŠã³ãã¥ããã£ãŒãç¶æãããåšèŸºã®ããµã€ãªãŒæŽŸãšã®äºããç¶ããªããããã ã«ãŒã¯æããªã¹ãã³æã®æä»£ãçãããã·ãªã¢ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯å€§éšåã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸ(åŸè¿°)ã§ãã£ããã19äžçŽãŸã§ã«ã€ããŒã ã®ååšã確èªãããªããªããšãã€ã³ããžäœ¿ç¯ã掟é£ããŠã€ããŒã æããè¡ããã®ã®æããããäžéšã¯ã«ãŒã¹ã£ã ã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸ(åŸè¿°)ã®ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³ãã€ããŒã ãšããããšã«ãªã£ããçŸåšã§ãã«ãŒã¹ã£ã ã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸãšããŠçŽ30,000人ãã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸãšããŠçŽ15,000人ãã·ãªã¢ã«æ®ã£ãŠããã
ã¢ã³ãŽã«åžåœã«ãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸåœå®¶ã®æ»
亡ã¯ãã€ã©ã³ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãèŠæ³ã«é¥ãããã¢ã©ã ãŒãåšèŸºä»¥å€ã®åç Šãæ¬¡ã
ã«é¥èœãªããéäŒããæ£åšãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®æã
ã®å€ãã¯åæ£ããããã¯ã¹ã³ã掟ãžã®æ¹å®ãäœåãªããããå¯èœãªãã®ã¯ã€ã³ãããããã·ã£ãŒã³ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã³ãã¥ããã£ã®ããšãžãšæ
ç«ã£ãã®ã§ãããããããã€ã«ãã³æçµ±æ²»äžã¿ããŒã€ã«ãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸä¿¡ä»°ãç§å¿ããã¹ã³ã掟ãè£
ãè
ãå°ãªããªãã£ãã
ã¢ã©ã ãŒãã®ã€ããŒã äœã¯ãã«ã¯ãããã£ãŒã³ã»ããŒã«ã·ã£ãŒãã¢ã³ãŽã«é«åã«æ²¡ããããšãã²ããã«å¹Œãæ¯å(ãªããã¯å«)ã·ã£ã ã¹ã»ã¢ããã£ãŒã³ã»ã ãã³ãããç¶ãã ã1275幎ããã«ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ã¢ã©ã ãŒããããäžæçã«å¥ªéãããã·ã£ã ã¹ã»ã¢ããã£ãŒã³ã»ã ãã³ããã¯ã¿ããªãŒãºåšèŸºã®ã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³å°æ¹ã«èº«ãé ã1310幎ããã«æ²¡ããŠãããäžå¿å°ã€ã©ã³ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯æ¿æš©ãšããŠã¯åŽ©å£ãããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãã¢ã¯ã¯çãå»¶ã³ããã€ã©ã ãã¯ãŒãã¹ã¿ãŒã³ã«ãããŠã¯ç¬èªã®å¢åãç¯ãããšããã£ããäžå€®ã¢ãžã¢å±±å²³å°æ¹ãããã·ã£ãŒã³ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯ããŒã«ãããŒã«ãšãã£ãç§°å·ã®çµ±æ²»è
ã®ããšã§ãã£ã ãŒã«æãã·ã£ã€ããŒã³æã®å§åã«èããŠ19äžçŽæ«ãŸã§ã·ã§ã°ããŒã³ãäžå¿ã«å°æ¹æ¿æš©ãç¶æãã»ãã«ãããŒã·ã£ãŒããŒã«ããã³ã¶ãã®ã«ã®ãããªã©ã«ç掻ãå¶ãã ãã€ã³ãæ¹é¢ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸããã®ããã®è©³çްã¯ã»ãšãã©ããããªããã®ã®ããŒã«ã®æå°ã®ããšã³ãã¥ããã£ãç¶æããåœåã®ã ã«ã¿ãŒã³ãäžå¿ãšããã¹ã£ã³ãããã°ãžã£ã©ãŒãããã«ã³ãããªãŒæ¹é¢ã«æ¡å€§ãã€ã€ãã£ã(ã€ã³ãã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã«ã€ããŠã¯ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸããã³ããŒãžã£ãŒæŽŸãåç
§)ã
ããããäžã§ã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ã®ã€ããŒã äœã¯ç³»çµ±ãã¯ã£ãããããæ°ä»£ã®ãã¡ã«ã«ãŒã¹ã£ã ã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸãšã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸã®äºæŽŸã«åãããŠãããã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸã€ããŒã ã¯18äžçŽæ«ã«å§¿ãæ¶ãããã«ãŒã¹ã£ã ã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ãã®åæã®ååã¯ã¯ã£ããããªããã®ã®ãçŸåšã®ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³ã«è³ããŸã§ã€ããŒã äœãç¶æ¿ããã圌ãã¯ã¿ããŒã€ãå®è·µããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ãã¹ã³ã掟ã®ã¹ãŒãã£ãŒã®ã·ã£ã€ã(é·)ãè£
ãããã®ææä»¥éãæçŸ©ãäŒæ¿ã®é¢ã§ã¹ãŒãã£ãŒã»ã¿ãªãŒã«(âæå£)ã®èãã圱é¿ãåããããšã«ãªãã圌ãã®æŽ»åã¯14äžçŽåã°ããããåã³å²æã«ãããããŠããã
1375幎ãããã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸã®ã€ããŒã ã»ãããŒã¯ã³ãã»ã ãã³ãããããããããã€ã©ã ãäžå¿ã«æŽ»åãããããããã¯ã¢ã©ã ãŒãåšèŸºã®ãã€ã©ã ã§ã¯ãæ¿æš©æ»
亡åŸããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸå¢å(ã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒç³»)ã¯æŽ»åããŠãããã¶ã€ã掟ã®ã¢ãªãŒæãšäºã£ãŠãããã®ãšæãããããããŒã¯ã³ãã»ã ãã³ããã¯ã¶ã€ã掟ã¢ãªãŒæã®ãµã€ã€ãã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ãã€ãŒã«éããããŠãã£ã ãŒã«æã«éããã¹ã«ã¿ãŒããŒã€ã«è»çŠãããã圌ã®å®¶ç³»ã¯æ©ããšã1489幎ãŸã§ã¹ã«ã¿ãŒããŒã€ã«åšã£ããåææããã€ã©ã ã§ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®æŽ»åã¯ç¶ç¶ãããŠãããããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæäžæé ãŸã§ã«ã»ãšãã©å§¿ãæ¶ãã
1507幎ã«ã¯ã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒç³»ã€ããŒã ã»ã·ã£ãŒã»ã©ãŒãºã£ãŒã»ã¢ããã£ãŒã³ããããã·ã£ãŒã³ã«ããããå¢åã確ç«ããŠããããã®åãšãæãããã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒç³»ã§ãã£ãšãæåãª16äžçŽåã®ã€ããŒã ãã·ã£ãŒã»ã¿ãŒãã«ã»ããµã€ããŒã¯åœåãµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæã«ä»ãããã·ã£ãŒã»ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«1äžã®çããåããŠã€ã©ã³ãã远æŸãããã«ã³ãžèµŽããããã«ã³ã®ã¢ããããã¬ã«ã§ã¯å°å
ã®ãã¶ãŒã ã»ã·ã£ãŒããŒæ(Nizam Shahi dynasty)ãã«ããŒã³ã»ãã¶ãŒã ã»ã·ã£ãŒ(è±èªç)ã«ä»ããåäºã€ããŒã 掟æ³åŠãã¹ãŒãã£ãºã ã®è§£èª¬æžãèããŠåŠè
ãšããŠåãæ®ãäžæ¹ã§ãæ¿æ²»å®¶ãšããŠã掻èºããããã¶ãŒã ã»ã·ã£ãŒæã®åäºã€ããŒã 掟ãžã®æ¹å®ã¯åœŒã«ãããã®ãšããããŠãããåå«ã¯ã®ã¡ã«ã¢ãŠã©ã³ã¬ãŒããŒãã«ç§»ã£ãããããã·ã£ãŒã³ã§ã®ã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒç³»ã€ããŒã ãšããŠã¯1660幎ãããããŒã€ã»ããã·ã¥ãèšé²ãããŠãããã€ã³ãã«ãããŠã¯1796幎ã¢ããŒã«ã»ã ãã³ããã»ããŒãã«ãèšé²ã«æ®ãã ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸã®æåŸã®ã€ããŒã ã§ããã
äžæ¹ã®ã«ãŒã¹ã£ã ã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸãå§¿ãçŸãã®ã¯15äžçŽåã°ããããã§ãããã«ãŒã¹ã£ã ã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸã¯äžæ¹ã§ãã¢ããã¥ãã©ãŒæå£(è±èªç)ã«å±ããã¹ãŒãã£ãŒã®ã¿ãªãŒã«ãšããŠæŽ»åãããã«ãŒã¹ã£ã ã»ã·ã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ã€ã©ã³äžå€®éšã®ã¢ã³ãžã§ããŒã³(ãã«ãã£ãºã£ãŒå·ã»ã¢ã©ãŒã¯ã®æ±çŽ40km)ã«å€æ¥ã®ã¹ãŒãã£ãŒã»ã·ã£ã€ããšããŠå§¿ãçŸããã ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã£ã«ã»ããã©ãŒ2äž(1480幎没)ãåä¹ãã€ããŒã ã®ããšãµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæãšåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã¹ãŒãã£ãŒã»ã¿ãªãŒã«ã®æŽå©ãåããŠå¢åãæ¡å€§ããããããçŸåšã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ãã¢ã³ãžã§ããŒã³ã®åŸ©æŽ»ããšåŒãã§ãããã¢ã³ãžã§ããŒã³ã®ã€ããŒã ãã¡ã¯ãã·ãŒã¢åããã€ã©ã³ã®æ··ä¹±ã«ä¹ããŠåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã®åã®äžã§ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®å¢åãæ¡å€§ããã»ããåŸæ¥ã®ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®åçµ±åã«åªãããåè¿°ã®éããäžå€®ã¢ãžã¢ãã€ã³ããªã©åã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯ã€ããŒã ã®ä»£çè
ãšããŠããŒã«ãç§°ããå°å
æåè
ãç¬èªã«æŽ»åãç¶ããŠãããã€ããŒã ã¯åã³ãã¥ããã£ã«ããŒã€ãŒã掟é£ããããã¯èªãã®èæžãé
åžãããã€ã³ãã®ãµããã³ã¹ã£ãŒã®ããã«ã€ã©ã³ã®ã€ããŒã ã®æš©åšãæåŠãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸããããããã®æä»£ã«ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã¯åã³ã€ããŒã ã®äžã«çµ±åãæãéããããŠããã
ããããªããããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæãšåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã§ããã®ã·ã£ãªãŒã¢ãæçŸ©ã峿 Œã«è§£éãã人ã³ãšãããããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãšããŠã®æŽ»åã®å¹
ã¯ãã°ãŸãããšã«ãªã£ããåè¿°ã®ã·ã£ãŒã»ã¿ãŒãã«ã®è¿œæŸã¯ãã®ãããããšããããã1574幎ã«ã¯ç¬¬36代ã€ããŒã ãã ã©ãŒãã»ããŒã«ã¶ãŒãã·ã£ãŒã»ã¿ãããŒã¹ãã«åŠåãããã¿ããŒã€ã«ããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã¹ãŒãã£ãŒã®è£
ãã§çãå»¶ã³ãŠãã£ãã第40代ã€ããŒã ã»ã·ã£ãŒã»ãã¶ãŒã«(1722幎没)ã®ãšããã¢ã³ãžã§ããŒã³ãããããã©ãŒã(è±èªç)åšèŸºã®æã«ç§»ã£ããããã«äžçŽåã°ã«ã¯ã¢ãã¬ãŒã³ã®äŸµå
¥ãšãµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒææ»
亡åŸã®æ··ä¹±ã®äžãã€ã³ãã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ã«è¿ãã€ã©ã³æ±éšã±ã«ããŒã³ã®ã·ã£ãã¬ã»ããŒãã¯(è±èªç)ã«ç§»åããŠããã
圌ãã¯æ··ä¹±ããæ
å¢ãå©çšããŠã±ã«ããŒã³ã§å¢åãæ¡å€§ããã第44代ã€ããŒã ããµã€ã€ãã»ã¢ãã«ããµã³ã»ã«ãããŒã¯1756幎ãã¶ã³ãæã®ã«ãªãŒã ã»ããŒã³ã»ã¶ã³ãã«ããã±ã«ããŒã³ã®ã¯ãŒãªãŒ(倪å®)ã«ä»»ããããã1792幎ã«ã¢ãã«ããµã³ã没ããã·ã£ãŒã»ããªãŒã«ã»ã¢ãã©ãŒãç¶æ¿ãã€ãºããžç§»ã£ãã1817幎ã«ããªãŒã«ã»ã¢ãã©ãŒã矀è¡ã«æ®ºããããšãããµã³ã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã·ã£ãŒãç¶æ¿ãããããµã³ã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã·ã£ãŒã¯ã¬ãŒãžã£ãŒã«æã®ãã¡ããã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã·ã£ãŒã«ãã£ãŠãŽã 倪å®ã«ä»»ãããããããã©ãŒãã«é å°ãäžãããããããã«ãã¡ããã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã·ã£ãŒã®åšãšçµå©ããã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³ãã®ç§°å·ãäžããããŠãããã¢ãã³ããã»ã·ã£ãŒã®æä»£ã«ã¯ã±ã«ããŒã³å€ªå®ã«è»¢ãããããããŠç¢ºå·ãçãã1841幎ã€ã©ã³ãåºãŠã1848幎ã ã³ãã€ãžãšç§»ã£ãã
ããµã³ã»ã¢ãªãŒã»ã·ã£ãŒããªãã¡ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³1äžã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æš©åšãšè£å®ãèæ¯ã«å°å
ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã³ãã¥ããã£ããããŒãžã£ãŒæŽŸã«ãããã€ããŒã ã®å°äœãåãæ»ãããšã«å°œåãã倧ããªåœ±é¿åãç²åŸããŠ1881幎ã«äº¡ããªã£ããæ¯åã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³2äžã®çãåšäœã®ã®ã¡ã1885幎ãã®åã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³3äžãç«ã€ãã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³3äžã¯72幎ã«ãããã€ããŒã äœã«ãããŠãäžçåå°ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®åçµéããããªãäžæ¹ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æ¹é©æŽŸã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ã»ææ³å®¶ãšããŠåè¶ããæ¥çžŸãæ®ãããè°äŒå¶ã®æšæŠãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã«ããã女æ§ã®äººæš©ã«ã€ããŠã®åè§£éãæè²ãªã©ã®ç€ŸäŒçŠç¥åäžãç®çãšããŠæŽ»åããŠããšãŒãããã®äžæµéçŽãšããã³ãã³äº€æµããæ®¿äžãã®ç§°å·ã§åŒã°ããã1957幎ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³3äžã没ããå«ã®ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³4äžãããšãç¶ãã ã圌ãç¥ç¶ã®æ¹éãç¶æããŠããªãäžå¿ãšãããã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³éçºè²¡å£ãAgha Khan Development Networkãçµç¹ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãªã©ç¬¬äžäžçååœã§ç€ŸäŒçŠç¥æŽ»åãè¡ã£ãŠããããŸãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ããŸããŸãªåœ¢ã§ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³å
æŠã«ãããã¢ã¯ã¿ãŒãšããŠæŽ»åãã(ã€ã³ãç§»äœåŸã®åãã®è©³çްã¯ããŒãžã£ãŒæŽŸãã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³ããã³åã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³ã®äººç©èšäºåç
§)ã
çŸåšãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸä¿¡åŸã¯ã€ã³ããããã¹ã¿ã³ãäžå¿ã«ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãäžåœãã¿ãžãã¹ã¿ã³ãªã©äžå€®ã¢ãžã¢ã»ã€ã³ãæ¹é¢ãã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ãäžå¿ãšããæ±ã¢ããªã«ããã£ã³ããŒãäžå¿ãšããæ±åã¢ãžã¢æ¹é¢ããããŠæ¬§ç±³ã«æ°çŸäžäººãæ°ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E6%B4%BE
|
6,153 |
ã€ããŒã 掟
|
ã€ããŒã 掟(ã€ããŒã ã¯, ã¢ã©ãã¢èª: اÙ
اÙ
ÙØ©, EIæ¹åŒã«ã転å: ImÄmiyya)ã¯ãåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã®å¥åããããã¯ã8äžçŽååé ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžå掟ã§ãã¢ãªãŒä»¥éã®ã€ããŒã(ã«ãªãäœ)ã®ç¶æ¿ããã¡ãŒãã£ãã®åå«ã«ãããªããããšããäžæŽŸã®ããšã§ãããæ¬é
ã§ã¯åŸè
ã«ã€ããŠè©³è¿°ããã
ã€ããŒã 掟ã¯ãžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã®ä¿¡å¥è
ãæ¯äœã«ããŠããããžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã®æ»æ²¡(765幎)åŸã¯ãã€ããŒããé·ç·ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ã«åãç¶ããããšèããè
ãã¡ã®ã°ã«ãŒããšããã®åŒã®ã ãŒãµãŒã«åãç¶ããããšèããè
ãã¡ã®ã°ã«ãŒããªã©ã«åããã(#ã€ããŒã 掟ã®å掟)ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯åè
ã®æµãã«å±ããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã¯åŸè
ã®æµãã«å±ããã€ããŒããè¡çžã«ãã£ãŠäžä»£ãè¶
ããŠåãç¶ãããããšããã€ããŒã ã®äžå¯è¬¬æ§ãšãã£ãç¬ç¹ã®ã€ããŒã è«ãã€ããŒã 掟ã«ããè«ãå§ãããã(#ã€ããŒã è«)ã
ã©ãŒãã£ã(al-RÄfiáža; æåéãã«ã¯ãæçµ¶ããè
ããåŠèªè
ããæå³ãã)ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸå
šäœãæãããšãå€ãããç矩ã«ã¯ãã€ããŒã æŽŸã®æºæµãšãªã£ãã°ã«ãŒã proto-ImÄmiyya ã§ãããã¯ãŒãã¡ã«ãããã¶ã€ãã»ãã³ã»ã¢ãªãŒã®èèµ·(740幎)ã«éããäžéšã®ãæçµçã«ã¶ã€ããæçµ¶ããã¯ãŒãã¡ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯ãããã£ãŒãã«äœããžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã«æ¯æãéæ¿ãããããã©ãŒãã£ããã¯ã¶ã€ã掟ã«ããã€ããŒã 掟ã®ä»ç§°ã§ãããå
æ¥ã¯äŸ®èçãªæå³åããæããããŠããã
ã€ããŒã 掟ã¯ãããããã®ä»ç§°ãããã«ããžãã£ããªæå³ãžã®èªã¿æ¿ããè¡ã£ããã¹ã©ã€ããŒã³ã»ãã³ã»ããã©ãŒã³ã»ã¢ã¡ãã·ã¥(è±èªç)ãäŒãããžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã®ããã£ãŒã¹ã«ãããšããã¡ã©ãªãæçµ¶ããŠã¢ãŒã»ãéžãã ãšãžããã®æ°ãç¥ã«ãããã©ãŒãã£ãããšåŒã°ããããšãããžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã¯ææãããšãããããªãã¡äŸ®èçãªåŒåãã©ãŒãã£ããã¯ãæªãæçµ¶ããè
ãã¡ãšèªã¿æ¿ããããã
ã©ãŒãã£ãææ³ã¯ã¯ãŒãã¡ã«ç«ã¡çŸãã8äžçŽ(ããžã¥ã©æŠ2äžçŽ)ã®çµãããŸã§ã«ã¯ãŽã ã«ãé£ã³ç«ããã
12äžçŽã®å掟åŠè
ã·ã£ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒããŒã«ãããšãã€ããŒã 掟ã®å
±åäœã¯åŸå¹Žãããã«æ¬¡ã®6掟ã«å掟ãããšããã
äžè¿°ã®ã·ã£ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒããŒã®äŒããã€ããŒã 掟å
±åäœã®å掟ã¯ããžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã®æ»æ²¡(765幎)ããã£ããã«ããŠãããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã®ä¿¡æ¡ã«ãããšãã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãŒã ã¯å°å¹Žã®é ã«ç¶ããã€ããŒã è·ãåãç¶ãåŸç¶è
ãšããŠããã¹(æå)ãåããŠãããšãããããããã·ã£ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒããŒãªã©ã«ãããšããžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã¯é·ç·ã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ã«ããã¹ãæããŠããããã§ããããã®ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ã¯ç¶ããå
ã«ãåãæ®ãã亡ããªã£ããããã«æ¬¡ç·ã®ã¢ããã¥ãŠã©ãŒã»ã¢ãã¿ããç¶ã®äº¡ããªã£ãæ°é±éåŸã«äº¡ããªã£ããããµã³è£ã®ãã¡ãŒãã£ããæ¯ãšããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ãšã¢ããã¥ãã©ãŒã®å
åŒãšã¯ç°ãªããã¢ã³ãã«ã¹ã®å¥Žé·å¥³ãæ¯ãšããã ãŒãµãŒã®ååãæŽå²çè³æã«çŸãå§ããã®ã¯ãã»ãŒãã®åŸã«éããããåœæã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸå
±åäœã®æå°çç«å Žã«ãã£ãææ³å®¶ã®äžã«ã¯ããã·ã£ãŒã ã»ãã³ã»ãã«ã (è±èªç)ãªã©ã ãŒãµãŒã®ã€ããŒãç¶æ¿ãæ¯æããè
ãããããæ¯æãããåŠãã®å€æãä¿çããè
ãããã
ã·ã£ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒããŒã®äŒãããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒãªãŒã€ãã¯ãåŸå¹Žã®ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒãªãŒã€ãããªãã¡ããããããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã(ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæç³»ãã«ã«ããæŽŸãåãã)ãšã¯ããã®äž»åŒµãããšãããããªãç°ãªãããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã çŸç§äºå
žç¬¬2çããªã©ã¯ proto-IsmÄâÄ«lÄ«(åã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸ)ãšåŒãã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E6%B4%BE
|
6,154 |
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸ
|
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸ(ã¢ã©ãã¢èª: Ø§ÙØŽÙعةãã©ãã³æå転å: ash-Shīʻa(h)ããã«ã·ã¢èª: ØŽÛØ¹Ùãã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³èª: ÅiÉlik)ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ã æã®äºå€§å®æŽŸã®äžã€ã§ã2çªç®ã®å¢åãæã€ãããäžæ¹ã¯æå€§å¢åã§ããã¹ã³ã掟(ã¹ã³ã掟)ã§ããã
7äžçŽã®ã«ãªãã§ãã£ãã¢ãªãŒãšãã®åå«ã®ã¿ããé èšè
ã®ä»£çããè³æ Œãæã¡ããã€ã¹ã©ã å
±åäœ(ãŠã³ã))ãã®ãæå°è
(ã€ããŒã )ãã®è·åãåŸç¶ããæš©å©ãæã€ãšäž»åŒµããã
ã·ãŒã¢(ØŽÙÙØ¹ÙØ©)ã¯ã¢ã©ãã¢èªã§ãØŽÙØ¹ããšããåè©ããæŽŸçããã远éè
ããåè¡è
ããå
掟ããæå³ããæ®éåè©ã§ãåæã®ã·ãŒã€æŽŸã®äººã
ãããã¢ãªãŒæŽŸã((ØŽÙØ¹Ø© عÙÙãShÄ«âah âAlÄ«)ãšåŒã°ããããšã«ç±æ¥ããŠãããåŸã«ã¯ãã·ãŒã¢ã«åã«å®å è©ãä»ããã¢ã=ã·ãŒã¢(ash-Shīʻa)ãšããèªã§å掟ãæå³ããããã«ãªããå®æŽŸã®åç§°ãšããŠå®çãããã·ãŒã€ã«å±ãã人ã®ããšãã·ãŒã€ãŒ(ØŽÙØ¹ÙãShīʻī)ãšèšããã¹ã³ã掟信åŸãæå³ãããã¹ã³ãã«åŸã人ã(ã¹ã³ããŒ)ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããåŸã£ãŠãæ¥æ¬èªã§ãã·ãŒã¢ãããã¯ã·ãŒã€ãŒã«ã掟ããšããèªãä»ãã®ã¯ãæŽŸã»æŽŸããšãªããå³å¯ã«èšãã°åäžèªã®ç¹°ãè¿ãã§ããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®ä¿¡è
ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ã æåŸå
šäœã®10%ãã20%ãå ãããšæšå®ãããã2009幎ã«ã¯ãä¿¡åŸæ°ã¯çŽ2åäººãšæšå®ããããä¿¡åŸã¯äžçäžã«ååžããããã€ã©ã³ãã€ã©ã¯(åœå
ã®ã ã¹ãªã ã¯å
šäººå£ã®95%ãå
šäººå£ã®3åã®2ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸ)ãã¬ããã³(æ¿æ²»ççç±ããå
¬åŒè³æãªããã¬ããã³å
æŠåç
§ãã ãã人å£ã®åæ°ãè¶
ããŠãããšèšããã)ãã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³(85%)ã§ã¯ç¹ã«ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸäœæ°ãå€ãããŸãã€ãšã¡ã³(45%)ãããã¹ã¿ã³(20%)ããµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ã®æ±éš(10%)ãããŒã¬ãŒã³(70%)ããªããŒã³ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³(ãã¶ãŒã©äººãªã©)ã«ãæ¯èŒç倧ããªä¿¡åŸéå£ãååšããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸå
ã®å®æŽŸã§ã¯ãåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã¯ã€ã©ã³ãã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ããããã®åšèŸºå°å(ã€ã©ã¯ããµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢æ±éšç)ãã¬ããã³ã«å€ããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸ(äžã€ããŒã 掟)ã¯ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãªã©åå°ã«ç¹åšãããã¶ã€ã掟(äºã€ããŒã 掟)ã¯ã€ãšã¡ã³ã§äž»æµã§ããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯ãã®ç»å Žä»¥æ¥ãååãšããŠå€æ°æŽŸã®ã¹ã³ã掟ã«å¯Ÿãå°æ°æŽŸã®ç«å Žã«ãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®ä¿¡åŸã¯å±±å²³å°åž¯ãªã©å€æµã容æã«äŸµå
¥ã§ããªãå°åã«éå£ã圢æããããšãå€ãã£ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®çæã¯æŽå²äžããã€ãååšããããå€ãã®å Žåã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãäž»æµã§ããã®ã¯æ¯é
è
å±€ã«éãããäœæ°ã®å€§åã¯ã¹ã³ã掟ã§ãã£ãããã ããçŸåšã®ã€ã©ã³ãã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ãäžå¿ãšããå°åã§ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯å°åœ¢ã«ããããã倿°æŽŸãšãªã£ãŠãããããã¯16äžçŽã«ãã®å°ãæ¯é
ãããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæãåäºã€ããŒã 掟ãåœæãšããéãäœæ°ã®å€ããã¹ã³ã掟ããåäºã€ããŒã æŽŸã«æ¹å®ãããã®ãŸãŸæ ¹ä»ããããã§ããã
21äžçŽåé ã«ãããŠãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãæ¿æ²»çã»äººå£çã«å§åçã«åªäœã«ç«ã£ãŠããã®ã¯ã€ã©ã³1åœã®ã¿ã§ãããã€ã©ã³ã®äººå£ã®90%ãã95%ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãä¿¡ä»°ããŠãããšãããå
šäžçã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸäººå£ã®å
ã§ã37%ãã40%ãšã»ãŒ4å²ãå ããŠãããªã©ãã€ã©ã³ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸå
ã«ãããŠå€§ããªå°äœãå ããŠãããããã«ã€ã©ã³ã®åœå¶ã¯1979幎ã®ã€ã©ã³é©åœä»¥éã€ã¹ã©ã å
±åå¶ããšã£ãŠãããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ãåœæãšããŠãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®é«äœèè·è
ãã€ã©ã³ã®æé«æå°è
ãšããŠåœå®¶å
éŠãšãªã£ãŠãããããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®åœ±é¿åã¯éåžžã«åŒ·ãã
ã€ã©ã³ã«æ¬¡ãã§ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®å²åãé«ãåœã¯ã€ã©ã¯ãã¢ãŒã«ãã€ãžã£ã³ãããŒã¬ãŒã³ã®3ãåœã§ããããããã6å²ãã7å²ã®åœæ°ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãä¿¡ä»°ããŠãããã€ã©ã¯ã«ãããŠã¯ããžã£ããã«ã«ãã©ãŒãšãã£ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸèå°ã®ååšããåœåã®åéšã«ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãéäœããŠããããã ããã€ã©ã¯ã§ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯å€æ°æŽŸã§ããã«ããããããæ¿æ²»ã®äž»å°æš©ãé·ãæ¡ã£ãŠããªãã£ããã€ã©ã¯æŠäºã«ãããã¢ã¹å
æ¿æš©åŽ©å£åŸãæ°äž»éžæã«ãã£ãŠå€æ°æŽŸã§ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãæ¿æš©ãæ¡ããããŒãªãŒã»ããŒãªããŒãéŠçžã«å°±ä»»ããããããããŒãªããŒæ¿æš©ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸåéã®æ¿çãåã£ããããã¹ã³ã掟ãªã©ä»ã®å®æŽŸãšã®é¢ä¿ãæªåããã
ããŒã¬ãŒã³ã«ãããŠã¯éŠé·å®¶ããã³æ¯é
å±€ã¯ã¹ã³ã掟ã§ãããäžè¬å€§è¡ã®å€§åãå ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãšã®éã§å¯Ÿç«ãèµ·ããŠãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯ã¹ã³ãæŽŸã«æ¯ã¹å°±è·ãåå
¥ãªã©ã«ãããŠäžå©ãªæ¡ä»¶ã«çœ®ãããŠããããã®ãã1990幎代ã«ã¯æŽåãå€çºããã2002幎ã«ããŒã¬ãŒã³ã§è°äŒãåèšçœ®ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã«ãè°äŒåå ãžã®éãéããããšãã®å¯Ÿç«ã¯äžææ²éåãããã®ã®ãããŒã¬ãŒã³ã®çæš©ã¯ããŸã 匷ããæ Œå·®ãªã©ã«ãæ¹åã®åããèŠãããªãããšããäžæºã¯èç©ããŠããã2011幎ã®ã¢ã©ãã®æ¥ã«ãããŠã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãäžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠ2011幎ããŒã¬ãŒã³éšä¹±ãåçºããèŠå¯ãšè¡çªããŠæ»è
ãåºãäºæ
ãšãªã£ãã
ã¬ããã³ã§ã¯æ¿æ²»ççç±ããçµ±èšã¯ãªããã®ã®ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯ããªã¹ãæããã³æŽŸããã³ã€ã¹ã©ã æã¹ã³ã掟ãšãšãã«äžå€§å¢åãšãªã£ãŠãããããºãã©ãšããæ¿æ²»ã»æŠè£
çµç¹ãæããŠãããã¬ããã³å
æŠä»¥åã¯åœäŒã®å
š99è°åžäž19è°åžãå
æŠåŸã®1992幎ããã¯128è°åžäž27è°åžãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã«å²ãåœãŠãããŠããããŸããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸããã¯åœäŒè°é·ãéžåºãããã®ãæ
£äŸãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ã¯å³æ Œãªã¹ã³ã掟(ã¯ãããŒã掟)ãäž»å°æš©ãæ¡ãåœã§ãããããã«ã·ã£æ¹Ÿå²žã«ããæ±éšå·ã®ã¢ã«ããµå°æ¹ãäžå¿ã«å€§ããªã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ãååšãããã¯ãããŒã掟ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãæµèŠããæ¿çãäŒçµ±çã«ç¶ããŠããããã®ãããµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã«ã¯äžæºãããŸã£ããŸãŸã®ç¶æ
ãç¶ããŠããã1979幎ã«ã¯ã€ã©ã³é©åœã®åœ±é¿ãåããŠæ±éšå·ã®ã«ãã£ãŒãã§ã¢ãŒã·ã¥ãŒã©ãŒã®éã«æŽåãèµ·ããããã®åŸãåŸã
ã«ãµãŠãžã¢ã©ãã¢æ¿åºã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã«å®¥åå§¿å¢ãèŠããããã«ãªãã2003幎ã«ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã«å¯Ÿããå·®å¥ã®æ€å»ã蚎ããå»ºçœæžãç倪åã«æž¡ãããŠããã
ã€ãšã¡ã³ã«ãããŠã¯äººå£ã®40%ã»ã©ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ãããšãããŠãããããã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ã¶ã€ã掟ã«å±ãããã€ãšã¡ã³ã®ã¶ã€ã掟ã¯ãåæŽŸã®ã€ããŒã ã897幎ã«ã€ãšã¡ã³ã«æ¬æ ã眮ããŠä»¥éãæŽå²çã«ãã®å°åãé·ãæ¯é
ããŠããŠããã1918幎ã«ã¯ã€ããŒã ã«ãã£ãŠã€ãšã¡ã³çåœãååœã®åéšãé åãšããŠæç«ããããã®çåœã¯1962å¹Žã«æåãããŠã€ãšã¡ã³ã»ã¢ã©ãå
±ååœãšãªããã®ã®ã以åŸãã€ãšã¡ã³åéšã«ãããŠã¶ã€ã掟ã¯åŒ·ã圱é¿åãä¿æãç¶ããã2011幎ã€ãšã¡ã³éšä¹±åŸã®æ··ä¹±ã«ä¹ããŠæåéšã®ãµã¢ãçã«æç«ããã¶ã€ãæŽŸã®æŠè£
çµç¹ã§ããããŒã·ã¯2014幎ã«éŠéœãµãã¢ãžãšäŸµæ»ãã2015幎2æã«ã¯ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãèµ·ãããŠããŒãã£ãŒæ«å®å€§çµ±é ã远æŸããŠæš©åãæ¡ã£ãã2016幎ã«ã¯ããŒã·ã¯ã€ãšã¡ã³åéš(æ§åã€ãšã¡ã³)ã®å€§éšåãææ¡ããåéš(æ§åã€ãšã¡ã³)ãæ¯é
ããããŒãã£ãŒæ«å®å€§çµ±é 掟ãšå¯Ÿå³ããç¶æ³ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ã·ãªã¢ã«ãããŠã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯13%ã»ã©ãå ãããšããããããã®å€§éšåãå ããã®ã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã§ããããã ãã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸäž»æµæŽŸãšæ¯ã¹ãŠãããªãæçŸ©ã«å·®ããããäžéšã§ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãšã¿ãªãããªãå Žåããããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®å€ãã¯ã·ãªã¢ã®æµ·å²žå°æ¹ãç¹ã«ã©ã¿ãã¢çã«éäžããŠããããã©ã³ã¹å§ä»»çµ±æ²»é ã·ãªã¢æä»£ã«ã¯ãã®å°åã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãäžå¿ãšããã©ã¿ãã¢åœãšããèªæ²»å°åãšãªã£ãŠãããã·ãªã¢ãç¬ç«ãããšãã®å®æš©ã¯å€æ°æŽŸã®ã¹ã³ãæŽŸãæ¡ããã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯äžå©ãªç«å Žã«è¿œã蟌ãŸãããã1970幎ã«ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã®è»äººã§ããããŒãã£ãºã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ãµããæš©åãæ¡ããšã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸã¯åªéãããããã«ãªã£ãã2000幎ã«ããŒãã£ãºãæ»å»ã次ç·ã®ããã·ã£ãŒã«ã»ã¢ã«=ã¢ãµããæ¿æš©ãç¶ãã ã®ã¡ããã®æ§å³ã¯ç¶ç¶ããããæ¯é
ãããŠãã倿°æŽŸã®ã¹ã³ã掟ã®äžæºã¯é«ãŸãã2011幎ã«ã·ãªã¢å
æŠãåçºããèŠå ãšãªã£ããã·ãªã¢å
æŠã«ãããŠã¯å¢åå³ã¯ããŸããããå€åãç¶ããŠãããã®ã®ãã©ã¿ãã¢çãäžå¿ãšããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸå°åã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ã¢ãµãæ¿æš©ã«å¿ èª ãå°œãããŠãããã·ãªã¢æ¿åºã®åŒ·åºãªå°ç€ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ã€ã©ã³ã¯ã€ã¹ã©ã é©åœåŸãã¬ããã³ã§ããºãã©ã®èšç«(1982幎)ãæ¯æŽãããªã©ãåœå€ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸå¢åã®æ¡å€§ãåŸæŒãããŠãããã€ã©ã¯å
æŠã§ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æ°å
µããã·ãªã¢å
æŠã§ã¯ã¢ãµãæ¿æš©ãæŽå©ããå°äžæµ·æ±å²žã«éãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæ¥æå°åž¯ãã圢æãããããããæŽå©ã«ã¯ãè³éãæŠåšã®æäŸã®ã»ããã€ã¹ã©ã é©åœé²è¡éãªã©ã®ã€ã©ã³äººãããã«ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãããã¹ã¿ã³åºèº«ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãå«ãå
µå¡ã®æŽŸé£ãå«ãŸãããã€ãšã¡ã³å
æŠã§ã®ããŒã·æ¯æŽãå«ããŠãã€ã©ã³ã¯å€åœã§ã4ã€ã®éŠéœ(ãã€ã«ãŒããããã¹ã«ã¹ããã¯ããŒãããµãã¢)ãæ¯é
ããŠããã(ãã€ã±ã«ã»ãã€ãã³ç±³CIAå
é·å®)ç¶æ³ã«ãªã£ãŠãããã¬ããã³ã«è³ãã€ã©ã³ã®å¢ååã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®åŒ§ããšããåŒç§°ãããããããåã®ã€ãšã¡ã³ãžåºããŠæããèŠæ¹ãããã
以äžã®è¡šã¯ããã¥ãŒç ç©¶æã«ãã2009幎10æã®ãMapping the Global Muslim Populationããšãã人å£çµ±èšèª¿æ»ã«åºã¥ããŠããã
ã¢ãªãŒãšãã®åå«ã®ã¿ãæå°è
(ã€ããŒã )ãšããŠã€ã¹ã©ã å
±åäœãçããããšãã§ãããšãã䞻匵ããå§ãŸã£ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯ããã®åŸã®ã¹ã³ã掟ã«ããæŽä»£ã€ããŒã ã«å¯Ÿããéé
·ãªåŒŸå§ããããŠã€ããŒã ã®æçµ¶ãšããäœéšãçµãŠãã¹ã³ã掟ãšã¯ç°ãªãæçŸ©ãçºå±ãããŠãã£ãã
æŽä»£ã€ããŒã ã絶察çãªãã®ãšèŠãªãä¿¡ä»°ã»æçŸ©ãæŽä»£ã€ããŒã (ç¹ã«ã¢ãªãŒãšããµã€ã³)ã襲ã£ãæ²åã®è¿œäœéš(ã¢ãŒã·ã¥ãŒã©ãŒ)ãã€ããŒã ã¯ç¥ã«ãã£ãŠé ãããŠãã(ã¬ã€ã)ããããŠã¯ãããã£ãŒ(æäžäž»)ãšãªã£ãŠåèšãããšããçµæ«è«çãªäžçš®ã®ã¡ã·ã¢ä¿¡ä»°ã¯ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãç¹åŸŽä»ãããã®ã§ããããã®ã¬ã€ãã¯åæã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸã§ããã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãããŠå±ããããã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸãåè£ã»æ¶æ»
ããåŸãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®å€ãã®æŽŸã«åãå
¥ããããããã ããã¶ã€ã掟çããããåŠå®ããåæŽŸãååšããã
ã¹ã³ãæŽŸã«æ¯ã¹ãäžè¬ã«ç¥ç§äž»çŸ©çåŸåã匷ãã宿çååšãçµµã«ããããšãžã®ã¿ããŒãã¹ã³ã掟ã»ã©å³æ Œã§ã¯ãªããã€ã©ã³ã§å
¬ã®å Žã«å€ãã®èè
ã®èåãæ²ããããŠããããšã«ã象城ãããããã«ãèè
ä¿¡ä»°ã¯åäžå°åã®ã¹ã³ãæŽŸã«æ¯ã¹äžè¬ã«åºãè¡ãããŠããã
ã¹ã³ããããã£ãŒã¹ã«å¯ŸããŠããã ãã³ããã®ã¿ãªããæŽä»£ã€ããŒã ã®è¡çºãç¯äŸãšããŠæ¡çšããŠãããéã«ã¢ããŒ=ã¿ãŒãªãã«æ¹å€çãªçæ£(ãµããŒã)ããã£ãŒã¹ãæé ãšè§£éãããªã©ãã¹ã³ã掟ãšã¯å€§ããªä¹é¢ãèŠãããã
ã€ã©ã³ã«ãããŠã¯ã第3代ã€ããŒã ã®ããµã€ã³ã¯ãµãŒãµãŒã³æçå®¶ã®å¥³æ§ã劻ãšãã以éã®æŽä»£ã€ããŒã ã¯ãã«ã·ã¢åžåœã®è¡ãåãç¶ãã§ãããšããäŒæ¿ãããããã«ã·ã¢äººã®æ°æå®æãšããŠã®åŽé¢ãããã
ãªããã¹ã³ã掟ãå
ä¿¡äºè¡ã§ããã®ã«å¯Ÿããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯äºä¿¡åè¡ã§ããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã§ã¯ãæ³ç倿ã®åºæºãšããŠãã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ãé èšè
ãšã€ããŒã ã®äŒæ¿ãã€ãžã¥ããŒ(å
±åäœå
šäœã®ç·æ)ã«å ããŠãçæ§ã®åã(ã¢ã¯ã«)ãéèŠããããšã§ç¥ãããããã®ç¹ã§ã第6代ã€ããŒã ã»ãžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã äžçã§å²åŠçåŠæŽŸ (çæ§çåŠæŽŸ)ãæåã«æš¹ç«ãã人ç©ã§ãããšããããã
çæ§ã¯ç¥èãç²åŸããä¿¡é Œã«ããæºã§ãããå瀺ãšå®å
šã«èª¿åããŠãããäŒæ¿ã«ããã°ãç¥ã«ã¯äºã€ã®èšŒæ(ãããžã£)ãããããããéããŠäººéã¯ç¥ã®æå¿ãç¥ããããªãã¡ãå
çãªãã®ã¯çæ§ã§ãããå€çãªãã®ã¯é èšè
ã§ãããæã«ãçæ§ã¯ãå
çãªé èšè
ããé èšè
ã¯ãå€çãªçæ§ããšåŒã°ãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æ³åŠè
ã®éã§ã¯ãçæ§ã«æã¡ç«ãŠããããããªã倿ã§ãã£ãŠããããã¯å®æ(æ³)ã«ãã£ãŠæã¡ç«ãŠããããã®ã«çãããšèããããŠãããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®æ³åŠã§ããç¥ãããããã«ãé埳çãæ³ç責任ãæããæ¡ä»¶ã¯ãå¥å
šãªçæ§ãä¿æããŠããããšã§ãã£ãŠããããä¿æããªãè
(çäººãæªæå¹Žè
ç)ã¯ã代ç人ãå¿
èŠãšãããç人ã¯èªãã®è¡çºã«ã€ããŠè²¬ä»»ããããªãããšã¿ãªãããŠããã®ã§ããã
ã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ã«ããã°ãå
šãŠã®äººéã¯èªãã®çæ§çæ©èœãè¡äœ¿ããããšãèŠè«ãããŠããããã®çµæãç¥ã®åŸŽãå®å®ç亀信ã«ã€ããŠæãããããããšãã§ããããšèããããŠããããããã£ãŠãå€ã®è³¢è
ãã¡ãç²ç®çã«æš¡å£ããããš(ã¿ã¯ãªãŒã)ã¯éé£ãããã¹ãããšã§ãããäžä¿¡è
ã®åŸŽãšãããã
äžè¬ã«ãçæ§ã¯å®æçç ç©¶ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ãšèããããŠããã
ããã«å¯ŸããŠå瀺ã¯ãæ¢ã«çæ§ã«ãã£ãŠç¥ãããŠããããšã®ç¢ºèªãçæ§ã«ãã£ãŠæªã ç¥ãããŠããªãæ°ããããŒããå°å
¥ããããšãããã«å®æçè³çœ°ã®ã·ã¹ãã ãéããŠãæ¿èªãäžããããšããäžã€ã®æ©èœããããšããããããªãã¡ãå瀺ãšçæ§ã¯äžå³äžé¢ãçžäºè£å®ã®é¢ä¿ã«ãããäžæ¹ã ãã§ã¯æãç«ããªãããšããç«å Žã§ãããç¥ã¯é èšè
ãéããŠäœããè¡ãããšã人ã
ã«åããããšã§ã人ã
ã誀ã£ãŠå°ãããããŸãéã«ãç¥ããäžããããçæ§ãçšããŠççãšã¯éã®æ¹åã«åããããšã¯èããããªãããšãã信念ãèåŸã«ããã
å
šãŠã®ã ã¹ãªã ã®èå°ã§ããããã«ãããã£ãŒãããšã«ãµã¬ã (ã¢ã«=ã¯ãã¥ã¹)ã«å ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯æŽä»£ã€ããŒã ã®éå»ã®ããéœåžãèå°ãšããããšãã«éèŠãããã®ã¯ã€ã©ã¯ã®ããžã£ãã«ããå代ã¢ãªãŒã®éå»ãšãã«ã«ãã©ãŒã«ãã3代ããµã€ã³ã®éå»ã§ãããããã«ã第7代ãšç¬¬9代ã®éå»ãããã«ãŒãºã£ãã€ã³(ãã°ããŒãè¿é)ãšã第10代ããã³ç¬¬11代ã®éå»ããããµãŒããã©ãŒãå ããã€ã©ã¯ã®éå»ã®ãã4éœåžã¯ã¢ã¿ããŒããšåŒã°ãã倧å¢ã®å·¡ç€Œãè©°ãæããããŸããã€ã©ã³ã®ãã·ã¥ããã«ã¯ç¬¬8代ã¢ãªãŒã»ãªããŒã®éå»(ã€ããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒå»)ãããããããèå°ãšãªã£ãŠããããã®ã»ããã€ã©ã³ã®ãŽã ã«ããã¢ãªãŒã»ãªããŒã®åйãã¡ãŒãã£ãã»ãã³ã»ã ãŒãµãŒã®éå»ãã€ã©ã³åœå
ã§å°åŽãéããã€ã©ã³ã§ã¯ãã·ã¥ããã«æ¬¡ãèå°ãšãªã£ãŠããã
éå»4éœåžã¯ãŸãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®åŠåã®äžå¿ã§ããã£ããã€ã«ã»ãã³åœæä»£ã«ã¯ã€ã©ã¯ã®ããã©ãããã®åŸ19äžçŽäžç€ãŸã§ã¯ã«ã«ãã©ãŒãåŠåã®äžå¿å°ã§ãã£ããã1843幎ã«ãªã¹ãã³åžåœãã«ã«ãã©ãŒãå¶å§ãããããããããéãããŠã©ããŒãã¡ãããžã£ãã«éçµãã20äžçŽååãŸã§ã¯ããžã£ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæåŠã®äžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠãããããããã®åŸãã€ã©ã¯ã®ç¬ç«ãç€ŸäŒæ
å¢ã®å€åã«ãã£ãŠããžã£ãã¯è¡°éãã代ãã£ãŠã€ã©ã³ã®ãŽã (ã³ã )ã«1921幎ã«åµèšãããããŠãŒã»ãŠã«ããŒãšã»ãŽã åŠé¢ãªã©ã®æŽ»åã«ãã£ãŠããŽã ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæåŠã®äžå¿å°ãšãªã£ãŠãã£ãã
ã ãã³ããã®æ»åŸã圌ã®è¡ãåŒãã¢ãªãŒãåŸç¶è
ã«æšã声ãäžãã£ãããå®éã«ã«ãªãã®å°äœã«ã€ããã®ã¯ã¢ããŒã»ãã¯ã«ã§ãã£ãã以åŸãŠãã«ã»ã€ãã³ã»ããã¿ãŒãããŠã¹ããŒã³ã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¢ããã¡ãŒã³ãšç¶æ¿ãããŠãã£ããããŠã¹ããŒã³ã®æ»åŸã¢ãªãŒãåŸç¶è
ã«æåããã656幎ã«ç¬¬4代æ£çµ±ã«ãªããšãªã£ãããããããŠã¹ããŒã³ãå±ããŠãããŠãã€ã€å®¶ã®ã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ãããã«å察ããæ¿ããæäºã®æ«ã¢ãªãŒã¯661幎ã«ãã¯ãŒãªãžã¥æŽŸã®åºå®¢ã«ææ®ºãããã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ã¯ã«ãªãã®å°äœã«ã€ããŠãŠãã€ã€æãéãããã¢ãªãŒã®åããµã³ã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¢ãªãŒã¯ã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ãšåå¹³ãçµãã ãã®ã®ã669幎ã«ããµã³ãæ»äº¡ãã680幎ã«ã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã€ãæ»äº¡ãããšãããµã³ã®è·¡ãç¶ãã åŒã®ããµã€ã³ãã¯ãŒãã¡ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æããåãããŠãã€ã€æç¬¬2代ã«ãªãã®ã€ãºã£ãŒã1äžã«å¯ŸããŠåæãç¿»ããããããã¯ãŒãã¡ã¯ã€ãºã£ãŒãè»ã«ãã£ãŠå¶å§ãããããµã€ã³ã¯680幎ã«ã«ã«ãã©ãŒã®æŠãã«ãã£ãŠæ®ºããããããã«ãã£ãŠã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯æ¿æ²»å¢åãšããŠå®å
šã«åã倱ãããŸãã¹ã³ãæŽŸãšæ±ºå®çã«æ±ºå¥ããããšãšãªã£ãã
ããµã€ã³ã®æ»åŸãã¢ãªãŒã®åå«ãã¡ã¯ã€ããŒã ã«å°±ä»»ãç¶ãããã®ã®ããããŠèª°ãã€ããŒã ãšã¿ãªããã«ãã£ãŠã·ãŒã¢æŽŸå
ã§ãåæŽŸãç¹°ãè¿ãããããã«ãªã£ãŠãã£ããäž»æµæŽŸã¯ããµã€ã³ã®åã§ããã¢ãªãŒã»ã¶ã€ãã«ã¢ãŒããã£ãŒã³ã第4代ã€ããŒã ãšããŠèªããããããã«å察ããŠããµã€ã³ã®ç°æ¯å
åŒã§ããã ãã³ããã»ã€ãã³ã»ãããã£ãŒã€ãã€ããŒã ãšããäžæŽŸãåæŽŸãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæåã®å掟ã§ããã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸã§ããããã®æŽŸã¯685å¹Žã«æå°è
ã ãã¿ãŒã«ã®ããšã§ã ãã³ããã»ã€ãã³ã»ãããã£ãŒã€ãæšæŽããŠã¯ãŒãã¡ã§æ±ºèµ·ããã ãã¿ãŒã«ã®ä¹±ãèµ·ãããããã®ä¹±ã§ã«ã€ãµãŒã³æŽŸã¯äžæã€ã©ã¯ã®å€§éšåãæ¯é
ãããã®ã®ã687幎ã«ã¯ãŒãã¡ãé¥èœããŠä¹±ã¯çµçµããããã«700幎ã«ã ãã³ããã»ã€ãã³ã»ãããã£ãŒã€ãæ»ã¬ãšãã€ããŒã ã¯ç¥ã«ãã£ãŠé ããããšããäžæŽŸãšã ãã³ããã®éºå
ãã€ããŒã ãšããäžæŽŸã«åè£ãããã®åŸãåè£ãç¶ããŠ8äžçŽã«ã¯æ¶æ»
ãããããããã®æŽŸã®æå±ããã€ããŒã ã¯ç¥ã«ãã£ãŠé ããããšããæŠå¿µã¯ã¬ã€ããšããŠã·ãŒã¢æŽŸè«žæŽŸã«åãå
¥ããããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãç¹åŸŽã¥ããæŠå¿µã®äžã€ãšãªã£ãã
ã¢ãªãŒã»ã¶ã€ãã«ã¢ãŒããã£ãŒã³ãæšæŽããäžæŽŸãã713幎ã«åœŒãæ»ã¬ãšåã³åè£ããããšãšãªã£ããäž»æµæŽŸã¯ã ãã³ããã»ããŒãã«ã第5代ã€ããŒã ãšãããããã®åŒã§ããã¶ã€ãã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¢ãªãŒãã€ããŒã ãšããäžæŽŸãåæŽŸããã¶ã€ã掟ã圢æãããã¶ã€ã掟ã¯21äžçŽã«ãããŠãæåãªå®æŽŸãšããŠåç¶ããŠãããäž»æµæŽŸã«ãããŠã¯ã ãã³ããã»ããŒãã«ã743å¹Žã«æ»ã¬ãšãã®åã§ãããžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã第6代ã€ããŒã ãšãªããã圌ã765å¹Žã«æ²¡ãããšåã³å掟éšåãèµ·ãããäž»æµæŽŸã¯ãžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ã®åã§ããã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ãã€ããŒã ãšèªããããã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ã®å
ã§ããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ã»ã€ãã³ã»ãžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ãæ¯æããè
ãã¡ãåæŽŸããã®ã§ããããã®æŽŸé¥ã¯ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãšåŒã°ãããã®åŸãåæŽŸãç¹°ãè¿ãã€ã€ãã¶ãŒã«æŽŸãããŒãžã£ãŒæŽŸãªã©ã®å®æŽŸãçãã ãã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã 掟ã¯ãã®åŸãåç¶ãã8代ã¢ãªãŒã»ãªããŒ(ãšããŒã ã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã799幎 - 818幎)ã9代ã ãã³ããã»ã¿ããŒ(818幎 - 835幎)ã10代ã¢ãªãŒã»ããŒãã£ãŒ(835幎 - 868幎)ã11代ããµã³ã»ã¢ã¹ã«ãªãŒ(868幎 - 874幎)ãšç¶ããŠããããããµã³ã»ã¢ã¹ã«ãªãŒãæ»å»ãããã®åã§ãããšãããã ãã³ããã»ã ã³ã¿ã¶ã«ããç¥ã«ãã£ãŠé ãããããšãã®æŽŸã®ã€ããŒã ãã¬ã€ãã®ç¶æ
ãšãªããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ãšãªã£ãã
ãŠãã€ã€æã®æ»
亡åŸã8äžçŽã«æç«ããã€ããªãŒã¹æã¯åã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã€ã¹ã©ã çæãšãããããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸçèŠçŽ ã¯å°ãªãã£ãããã®åŸã9äžçŽã«ã¢ã©ãŽã£ãŒæãæç«ãã10äžçŽã«ã¯ãã¥ããžã¢(åŸã«ãšãžããã«ç§»å)ã«ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæãã€ã©ã³é«åã«ãã¯ã€ãæãæç«ãããªã©ãããã€ãã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸçæã建åœããããã®ã®ãããããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸçæã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯äžå±€éšã®ã¿ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸä¿¡åŸã«ãã£ãŠå ããããäžè¬åžæ°ã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ã¹ã³ã掟ãä¿¡ä»°ããŠãããããããç¶æ³ã倧ããå€åããã®ã¯ã16äžçŽåé ã«ã¿ããªãŒãºã§ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«1äžã«ãã£ãŠå»ºåœããããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæã®æä»£ããã§ããããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæã¯æ¥é²æŽŸã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæå£ã§ãããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæå£ã«ãã£ãŠå»ºåœãããåœå®¶ã§ããããããŸã§ã®ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸçæãšç°ãªãæ¯é
äžã®æ°è¡ã«ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸãžã®æ¹å®ã匷èŠããããŸãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«1äžã¯ã¬ããã³ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®ãŠã©ããŒãæããŠæçŸ©é¢ã§ã®æŽåãè¡ããæ©å¹Žã«ã¯ãµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæã®å®æèгãããªãç©å¥åãããããšããããæ¯é
äžã®å°åã«ãããŠã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸä¿¡ä»°ãåŸã
ã«åº¶æ°ã«ãåºãã£ãŠãã£ããããããããšãããµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæã®çå³ã§ãã£ãã€ã©ã³ã«ãããŠã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äœæ°ãå§åç倿°ãå ããããã«ãªããããã¯ãã®åŸã€ã©ã³é«åã«åèããã¬ãŒãžã£ãŒã«æãããã©ãŽã£ãŒæãªã©ã®è«žçæã§ãå€ãããªãã£ããããã€ã©ã³ã¯ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸä¿¡ä»°ã®äžå€§äžå¿å°ãšãªã£ãããããããã©ãŽã£ãŒæç¬¬2代ã®ã¢ãã³ããã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã»ããã©ãŽã£ãŒã¯çœè²é©åœãšåŒã°ããæ¥éãªäžããã®è¿ä»£åæ¿çãè¡ããããã«å察ããä¿å®æŽŸã®ã«ãŒããã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ããŒãªã©ã®ã€ã¹ã©ã æ³åŠè
ã匟å§ãããã¢ãã³ããã»ã¬ã¶ãŒã®æš©åšäž»çŸ©çãªæ¿çã¯åœå
ã§ã®åŒ·ãåçºãåããããã«ãªãããã®å察掟ã®çµéã®æ žãšãªã£ãã®ãä¿å®æŽŸã€ã¹ã©ã æ³åŠè
ãã¡ã§ãã£ãã1979幎2æã«ã€ã©ã³é©åœãèµ·ããã¢ãã³ããã»ã¬ã¶ãŒãåœå€ã«è±åºãããšãåž°åœãããã¡ã€ããŒã¯æé«æå°è
(åœå®¶å
éŠ)ã«å°±ä»»ããã€ã¹ã©ã å
±åå¶ãšåŒã°ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸæ³åŠè
ãåœå®¶ãæå°ããäœå¶ã宿ãããããã ããã®ã€ã¹ã©ã æ¿åºã®æç«ãšããã«ããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æ¿æ²»åã¯åšèŸºè«žåœã®æ
床ã硬åããã1980幎ãã1988幎ãŸã§ã®ã€ã©ã³ã»ã€ã©ã¯æŠäºãã¯ãããšããã€ã©ã³ãšåšèŸºã¢ã©ã諞åœãšã®å¯Ÿç«ãåŒãèµ·ããããšãšãªã£ãã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã¯ãé èšè
ã®åŸç¶è
ã®å°äœãããã£ãŠæ¿æ²»çã«åè£ããçµç·¯ããã€ããããã°ãã°æ£åœãªã€ããŒã ãšããŠã¢ãªãŒã®åå«ã®ãã¡èª°ãæåãããã®åé¡ã«ãã£ãŠå掟ãããçŸåšãå®æŽŸãšããŠäžå®ã®å¢åããã€ã®ã¯ãåäºã€ããŒã 掟ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸãã¶ã€ã掟ãªã©ããããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã¯ã€ã©ã³ãã€ã©ã¯ãã¬ããã³ãªã©ã«å¢åããã¡ãã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®æ¯èŒå€æ°æŽŸã§ãããå³ã®éããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸè«žæŽŸãå
±éããŠã€ããŒã ãšèªããã®ã¯ã¢ãªãŒã®ã¿ã§ããã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®å€æ°æŽŸã§ããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã¯ããã®åã®ãšããå代ã¢ãªãŒãã12代ã ãã³ããã»ã ã³ã¿ã¶ã«ãŸã§ã®12人ãã€ããŒã ãšããæŽŸã§ããã874幎ã«12代ã€ããŒã ã人ã
ã®åããå§¿ãæ¶ããã¬ã€ã(é ã)ãšåŒã°ããç¶æ
ãšãªã£ããããã®åŸãã€ããŒã ã¯é ãããŸãŸååšããŠãããæåŸã®å¯©å€ã®æ¥ã«åèšãããšèããããŠããããªãã874幎ãã940幎ãŸã§ã¯12代ã€ããŒã ã®ä»£ç人ãæåããç¶ããã€ããŒã ãšä¿¡è
ãšã®æ¥ç¹ã¯ããããªããæ®ã£ãŠãããã®ã®ã940幎ã«4代ç®ã®ä»£ç人ãåŸç¶è
ãæ®ããæ»äº¡ããããã以åŸã¯ã€ããŒã ãšã®æ¥ç¹ãå®å
šã«ãªããããšãšãªã£ãããã®ãããåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã§ã¯874幎ãã940幎ãŸã§ãã¬ã€ããã¥ã«ã»ã¹ã°ã©ãŒ(å°ã¬ã€ããå°å¹œé )ã940幎以éãã¬ã€ããã¥ã«ã»ã¯ãã©ãŒ(倧ã¬ã€ãã倧幜é )ãšåŒã¶ã
ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯ã7代ç®ã®ã€ããŒã ãããã£ãŠåäºã€ããŒã 掟ãšã¯å¥ã®éããã©ã£ã掟ã§ã第7代ã€ããŒã ãæ»ãã§ãã®åå«ã®çµ¶ããåŸã«ã誰ãæå°è
ãšããŠæšæŽããŠãããã®åé¡ã«ãã£ãŠãå€ãã®æŽŸã«åãããŠãããããšããšäž»æµæŽŸã§ã¯7代ã€ããŒã ã®æ»åŸãã€ããŒã ã¯ååšããªããªã£ããšèããŠããã®ã§ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯éç§°äžã€ããŒã 掟ãšããããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã§ãã¬ã€ãã®èŠ³å¿µã¯ããããååæŽŸã«ãã£ãŠãã®å¯Ÿè±¡è
ã¯ç°ãªããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®ãã¡çŸåšãã£ãšãå¢åã®åŒ·ãã€ã³ãã»ããã¹ã¿ã³ã®ããŒãžã£ãŒæŽŸã¯ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®è«žæŽŸã®ãã¡12äžçŽã«ã€ããŒã å¶åºŠã®åŸ©æŽ»ã宣èšãããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®ç³»èãåŒããŠãããçŸåšãã€ããŒã ãæå°ããŠããã
ã¶ã€ã掟ã¯åäºã€ããŒã 掟ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã«æ¯ã¹ããšå°æ°æŽŸã§ãã€ãšã¡ã³ã«å¢åããã€ãã¶ã€ã掟ã¯å
ã®äºæŽŸãšå掟ããã®ã¯5代ç®ã®ã€ããŒã ã®ç¶æ¿ããããåé¡ã§ãã£ãã®ã§ãäºã€ããŒã 掟ãšåŒã°ããããšããããä»ã®æå諞掟ãšç°ãªããã¶ã€ã掟ã¯ã¬ã€ãèª¬ãæ¡çšããŠããªãã
ã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžã«ã¯ã¹ã³ã掟ã«å¯ŸããŠæ¿æ²»çã«å
éçãªäž»åŒµãæã¡ãã¹ã³ã掟ãšäžç·ãç»ããŠããäžã§ç¹ã«ç¬ç¹ã®æçŸ©ãæã€ã«è³ã£ãåæŽŸãååšãããç³»çµ±äžæã®ã¢ã©ãŠã£ãŒæŽŸãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®æµããæ±²ããã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸãªã©ã¯ããã°ãã°ä»ã®ã ã¹ãªã (ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æåŸ)ããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã®æ å€ã«ãããšã¿ãããŠãããããŒãæ(ããŒã掟)ãããã€æ(ãããŒã€ãŒæŽŸ)ã¯æ¢ã«ã€ã¹ã©ã ããå®å
šã«åé¢ãããšãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A2%E6%B4%BE
|
6,155 |
ççŽ ååç©
|
ççŽ ååç©()ã¯ãççŽ ãæåãšããŠå«ãååç©ã
ææ©ååç©ã¯ãã¹ãŠççŽ ååç©ã§ãããççŽ ãšæ°ŽçŽ ãååç©ã«ãã£ãŠã¯é
žçŽ ãçªçŽ ãªã©ãããååãå«ãã
ç¡æ©ççŽ ååç©ãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªãã®ãããã
ççŽ ããéœæ§ã®é«ãå
çŽ ãšååãããã®(çåç© ãåç
§)
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9
|
6,156 |
ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸ
|
ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸ(ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ã¯ãã¢ã©ãã¢èª: Ø§ÙØ¥Ø³Ù
اعÙÙÙØ© al-ÊŸIsmÄʿīlÄ«yahããã«ã·ã£èª:اسÙ
اعÛÙÛØ§Ù EsmÄʿīliyÄn) ã¯ã8äžçŽã«èµ·ãã£ãã€ã¹ã©ã æã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®äžæŽŸã§ãããã°ããŒã·ã¹çãªç¥ç§äž»çŸ©çæèª¬ãç¹åŸŽãšãããäžã€ããŒã 掟ãšåŒã°ããããšãããããäž»æµæŽŸã®è«žæŽŸã¯7人ããå€ãã®ã€ããŒã ãèªãããããç矩ã®äžã€ããŒã 掟ã«ã¯å«ãŸããªãã
765幎ã«ç¬¬6代ã€ããŒã ã§ãããžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ã»ãµãŒãã£ã¯ãæ»å»ãããçåã®åœŒã¯åœåãé·ç·ã§ããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ã»ã€ãã³ã»ãžã£ã¢ãã¡ã«ãåŸç¶è
ã«æåããŠããããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ãæ»å»ããããšã§å¥ã®åã§ããã ãŒãµãŒã»ã«ãŒãºã£ã ãåŸç¶è
ã«æåããŠããã倿°æŽŸã¯ãã®æåãèªããŠã ãŒãµãŒãã€ããŒã ãšèªããããäžéšã¯ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ã®åã§ããã ãã³ããã»ã€ãã³ã»ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«(è±èªç)ãã€ããŒã äœãç¶ãã¹ãã§ãããšäž»åŒµããããã®ãšãã ãŒãµãŒãã€ããŒã ãšèªããã®ãåäºã€ããŒã 掟ã§ãããã ãã³ãããã€ããŒã ã§ãããšäž»åŒµããã®ãã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã§ããããã®åŸããã100幎éã®æŽ»åå
容ã¯åãã£ãŠããªããããã¹ã©ãã¢ãã¯ãŒãºããµã©ããŒã€ã«æ ç¹ã眮ããŠç§å¯è£ã«çµç¹ç¶²ãäœã£ãŠãããšãããã9äžçŽåŸåã«å
¥ããšåå°ã«ããŒã€ãŒãšåŒã°ãã宣æåž«ã掟é£ããŠå®£ææŽ»åãæŽ»çºã«è¡ãããã«ãªã£ãããµã©ããŒã€ã«ãããŠ899幎ãåŸã®ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®éç¥ãšãªããŠãã€ãã¥ãã©ãŒã¯çµç¹ã®äž»å°æš©ãæ¡ããèªåã¯ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«ã®åå«ã§ããçã®ã€ããŒã ã§ãããšå®£èšããããã®åŸã®ãã¡ãŒãã£ãæã®å¢åæ¡å€§ãšãšãã«ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã掻çºåããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã äžçãææ¡ããã10äžçŽã«ã¯åžææŽ»åã¯ã€ãšã¡ã³ããªããŒã³ãã€ã³ãã¹å·æµåããµãã©ç æŒ ã®ãªã¢ã·ã¹å°åž¯ã«ãåºãã£ãŠãã£ãã ãã®åŸ11äžçŽé ã«ãã¥ã«ãŒãºæŽŸãåè£ãããæ±æ¹æŽŸããè¥¿æ¹æŽŸããã¢ã©ã ãŒã掟ãã®äžæŽŸã«åãããã
19äžçŽä»¥éããã¶ãŒã«æŽŸã®ã€ããŒã ã¯ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒã»ããŒã³ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ãã
ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®æçŸ©ã¯ãã°ããŒã·ã¹äž»çŸ©ãæ°ãã©ãã³äž»çŸ©ã®ãããªé ããç¥ã匷調ãããåã€ã¹ã©ãŒã çä¿¡ä»°äœç³»ã®åœ±é¿ãåããŠããã誰ã«ã§ãå¯èœãªã¯ã«ã¢ãŒã³ã®å€éšçãªè§£éãšãã€ããŒã ã ããç¥ãããšã®ã§ããç§æçãªå
çççãåºå¥ããŠãããã€ããŒã ã¯ç¥ããã®å
æ¬çãªç¥ãäžããããããšãããæ¬¡ä»£ã®ã€ããŒã ã¯çŸã€ããŒã ã®æåã«ãã£ãŠç¶æ¿ãããã
ãŸããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã¯7代ç®ã€ããŒã ããå§ãŸã£ãããšããã7ã象城çãªæ°åãšããŠç¹å¥èŠãããã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®äžç芳ã§ã¯ãæŽå²ã¯7000å¹Žåšæã§åŸªç°ããååšæã¯é èšè
ã仲ä»è
ã®åºçŸã«ãã£ãŠå§ãŸããšããã
ã€ã¹ããŒã€ãŒã«æŽŸã®ä¿¡åŸã¯ãèªãã®ä¿¡ä»°ãæå³çã«é ãããšãå®è·µããŠãããéæç€Œæã¯ã¢ã¹ã¯ã§ã¯ãªãããžã£ããŒã¢ãã»ããŒããšåŒã°ããéäŒæã§è¡ãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E6%B4%BE
|
6,157 |
ç¡æ©ååŠ
|
ç¡æ©ååŠ(ãè±: inorganic chemistry)ãšã¯ãç 究察象ãšããŠå
çŽ ãåäœããã³ç¡æ©ååç©ãç ç©¶ããååŠã®äžåéã§ãããéåžžææ©ååŠã®å¯ŸæŠå¿µãšããŠç¡æ©ååŠãå®çŸ©ãããŠããçºãéææ©ååç©ãç 究察象ãšããååŠãšèããŠå·®ãæ¯ããªãã
ç¡æ©ååŠã§ã¯ççŽ ä»¥å€ã®å
šåšæè¡šã®å
çŽ ãåãæ±ããççŽ ãå«ãååç©ã§ãã£ãŠãææ©ååç©ãšã¯èŠãªãããªãççŽ ã®åçŽ äœãäžé
žåççŽ ãªã©ã®ååç©ãå«ãŸãããææ©ååç©ã¯ãããå°è¡šã«ã®ã¿ååšããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãå°çã¯ã»ãšãã©ãç¡æ©ç©è³ªã§æ§æãããŠãããšãã£ãŠãéèšã§ã¯ãªããå·¥æ¥çã«ãééŒãã»ã¡ã³ããã¬ã©ã¹ãªã©ã®ç¡æ©å·¥æ¥è£œåã¯çç£ãã³æ°ã§èããå Žåã«ã¯ææ©å·¥æ¥è£œåãå§åããŠããããããããã®å€æ§æ§ãšè€éæ§ã®ããããã¹ãŠã®å
çŽ ã®æ§è³ªãç°¡åãªçè«ã§èª¬æã§ããããã§ã¯ãªãã
ææ©ååç©ä»¥å€ã®ç©è³ªãç ç©¶ããååŠã¯ç¡æ©ååŠã®ç¯çã«å«ãŸãããããç 究察象ã«ãã现ååãããé¯äœååŠãææ©éå±ååŠãçç©ç¡æ©ååŠ(ç¡æ©çååŠ)ãå°çååŠãé±ç©ååŠã岩ç³ååŠãæž©æ³ååŠãæµ·æŽååŠã倧æ°ååŠãå®å®ååŠãæŸå°ååŠããããã¢ãã ååŠãªã©ãåºçŸ©ã«ã¯ç¡æ©ååŠã§ããã
é¬éè¡ã®ææãæžç©ãšããŠäžäžãšãŒãããã«äŒãããããã®åç©åŠçç¥èã®éåãè¿ä»£ååŠã®ç€ãšãªã£ãããã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ç¡æ©ååç©ã«ã€ããŠã®ç¥èŠã§ãã£ãããååŠèªèº«ãç 究察象ã«ããåé¡ãåºå¥ããããšããªãã£ãããã18äžçŽä»¥åã¯ååŠãšç¡æ©ååŠãšã¯å矩ã§ãã£ãã
18äžçŽçµããé ãã19äžçŽåé ã«ãããŠãçºèŠãããããããææ©ååç©ã®çš®é¡ãå¢å ããã«ã€ããèµ·æºã«ããç©è³ªã®åé¡ãšç 究察象ã«ããç ç©¶é åã®åºåã詊ã¿ãããããã«ãªã£ãã1806幎é ãã¹ãŠã§ãŒãã³ã® ã€ã§ã³ã¹ã»ãã«ã»ãªãŠã¹ã¯ãææ©äœãæå³ãã "organ" ããææ©ååŠ (organic chemistry) ãææ©ååç© (organic compound) ãšããèªãåããŠäœ¿çšããããããåŠè¡èªãåŠåé åãšããŠå®çããã«ã€ããŠãææ©ååŠããã³ææ©ååç©ã«çžå¯ŸããåŠåé åãšããŠç¡æ©ååŠãšç¡æ©ååç©ãšããæŠå¿µãçããã
ææ©ååŠã«ãããŠã¯åºã«ããåå¿æ§ãããã¯ç¹æ§ã倧ããç°ãªãããšãããç¡æ©ååŠã«æ¯ã¹ãŠæ©ã段éãããåºã®ç ç©¶ãéããŠæ§é è«ãšåå¿è«ãå±éããŠãã£ããäžæ¹ãè¿ä»£ç¡æ©ååŠã«ãããŠã¯åšæåŸãã¯ãããšããçµæè«ãäžå¿ãšããç ç©¶ãäžå¿ã§ãã£ããç¡æ©ååŠã«ãããæ§é è«ã®èµ·æºãšãªãã®ã¯ã1883幎ã«ãã€ãã® ã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ãŠã§ã«ããŒãæå±ããé
äœåå Žçè«(é
äœèª¬ãè±: Ligand field theory)ã§ããããã®åŸã¯éå±é¯äœãäžå¿ã«ç¡æ©ååŠã¯å±éããé¯äœååŠã«ãããŠç¡æ©æ§é ååŠã確ç«ãããã20äžçŽåŸåã«å
¥ããšé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ãXç·æ§é è§£æãªã©ãµããã¯ãã³ãµã€ãºã®ç©çèšæž¬ãå¯èœã«ãªãããšã§æ§é è«ã¯é£èºçãªçºå±ãèŠããããšã«ãªãã仿¥ã®ç¡æ©ååŠã«ãããŠã¯é«æž©è¶
äŒå°ç©è³ªã®ãããã¹ã«ã€ãçžãªã©æ§é è«ãäžå¿ãšããç ç©¶ãäž»æµãšãªã£ãŠããã
次ã«ç¡æ©ååŠã®äž»èŠé
ç®ã瀺ãããŸãããããã®é
ç®ã®é¢é£é
ç®ã~ã®åŸã«é£çµããŠç€ºãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6
|
6,159 |
芪è©
|
芪è©()ã¯ãæ±æžæä»£ã®è©ã®åé¡ã®äžã€ã§ã埳å·å®¶åº·ã®ç·ç³»ç·åã®åå«ãå§ç¥ãšãªã£ãŠããè©ãæããç¹ã«ã埳å·å§ãåä¹ã£ã埡äžå®¶ã»åŸ¡äžå¿ã®åœäž»ã¯å®¶åº·ã®ç·ç³»ç·åã»åå«ã«éãããå°è»å®¶ã®è¡çãçµ¶ããå Žåãªã©ã«ãå°è»ãåºã圹å²ãæ
ã£ãããã®ä»ã®å®¶ã¯æŸå¹³å§ãåä¹ã£ãã
äžèšä»¥å€ã«ã家康ã®å¥³ç³»ç·åã»åå«ã§ãã奥平æŸå¹³å®¶ã家康ã®ç°ç¶åŒã»åå«ã§ããä¹
æŸæŸå¹³å®¶(äŒäºæŸå±±è©äž»ãšãäŒå¢æ¡åè©äž»ã®ç³»çµ±)ã埳å·å®¶å
ã»åŸ³å·ç¶±åã®æ£å®€ã®å®å®¶é·¹åžå®¶ã®åºèº«ã§ããé·¹åžæŸå¹³å®¶ã芪è©ã«æºããŠæ±ãããããšãããããªãã埡äžå®¶ã»åŸ¡äžå¿ã¯å¥æ Œã§ããããç矩ã®èŠªè©ã«ã¯å«ãŸããªãã
以äžã®åŸ¡äžå®¶ã¯ã家康ã®ç·ç³»ç·åã»åå«ã§ããã芪è©ã®äžã§ãããã«å¥æ Œã®æ±ãã ã£ãã
ãã埳å·å°è»å®¶ã«ç·ç³»ç·å(å°è»ç¶å£)ããªããã°ããã®äžå®¶ãå°è»ãåºãããã«æ±ºããããŠããããŸãã埳å·å§ãåä¹ãããš(ä»ã®äžéã¯æŸå¹³å§)ããäžã€èèµã®å®¶çŽã®äœ¿çšãªã©ãèš±ãããŠããããã ããåœåã¯æ°Žæžã¯å
¥ã£ãŠããããå°è»å®¶ã»å°ŸåŒµå®¶ã»çŽå·å®¶ããã£ãŠåŸ¡äžå®¶ãšç§°ããã8代å°è»åŸ³å·åå®ãš14代å°è»åŸ³å·å®¶èã¯åæå±±è©äž»ããã15代å°è»åŸ³å·æ
¶åã¯æ°ŽæžåŸ³å·å®¶ã®è¡çµ±ã§ãããäžæ©å®¶åœäž»ããå°è»ã«å°±ä»»ããã
åå®ã®æä»£ä»¥éã«ããã«åŸ¡äžå¿ãèšããããã埡äžå¿ã¯ãå°è»ã®å®¶æããšããŠæ±ãããåœç¶ã«åŸ³å·å§ãç§°ããããç¬ç«ãã倧åã§ã¯ãªããããã°å°è»å®¶ã®ãéšå±äœã¿ããšããŠæ±ãããã
15代å°è»ã¯äžæ©å®¶åœäž»ããå°è»ã«å°±ä»»ãããå°è»ã®åŸç¶ãè£ãä»ã«ã埡äžå®¶ã®ãã¡åå€å±è©äž»ãšåæå±±è©äž»ã®é€åãšãªã£ãŠåœäž»ãç¶æ¿ããè
ãè€æ°åºãŠãããå°è»å®¶ã埡äžå®¶ã®åŸç¶è£å®ã®ããã埡äžå¿åœäž»ã¯ãã³ãã³ç©ºäœã®ææãååšããã埡äžå¿ãå®¶ãšããŠã®ç¬ç«ãèªããããã®ã¯ææ²»ç¶æ°åŸã§ããã
æ±æžåæã«ã¯å°è»å®¶ã®æ¬¡å以éãã芪è©ãç«ãŠãããããå®å®¶ç¶æ¿ãåŸå£æçµ¶ã®ããäžæçãªãã®ã«ãšã©ãŸã£ãã
埡äžå®¶ã»åŸ¡äžå¿ã«æ¬¡ãäžéãšããŠã¯ã
ãªã©ããã£ãããããäžé倧åã¯å®¶æ Œã»å®äœãªã©ã§ã¯åªéããããã(å°è»ã®èŠªæãšããã ãã§ãã£ãŠè代倧åã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§)广¿ã«åå ããããšã¯èš±ãããªãã£ãããã ããè¶æºæŸå¹³å®¶ã¯äŸå€ã§ãæŸå¹³æŠå
ã埳å·å®¶éã®æä»£ã«èäžã«ç»çšãããä»ãæŠå¯ãå¥è
çªãæåã寺瀟å¥è¡ãåããŠããããã®ä»ãä¿ç§æ£ä¹ã埳å·å®¶ç¶±ã®è£äœåœ¹ãšããŠå€§æ¿åäžã«å°±ä»»ã广¿ã«æºãã£ãããããã¯å¿ å®ãªãè³¢åŒãä¿¡é Œããå®¶å
ã«ããããŸã广¿åæã§è«žå¶åºŠãæŽã以åããã®äŸå€ã§ããã
广«ã«è³ããšãäžé倧åã®å¹æ¿åå ãã¿ãããããã«ãªãã宿¿ã®æ¹é©ã§ã¯åŸ³å·ææ(æ°ŽæžåŸ³å·å®¶)ãæµ·é²åäžã«ä»»ãããããããã¯ãã¢ãã³æŠäºæåãåããæž
ã®éŠæž¯å²è²ã»éåœãªã©å¹åºã®å±æ¥å亡ã®ç§ãšããç¹æ®äºæ
ãåæ ããããã®ã§ãã(宿¿ã®æ¹é©ãåç
§)ããŸãæä¹
ã®æ¹é©ã§ã¯ã島接ä¹
å
ãã®ä»å
¥ã«ãããæŸå¹³æ
¶æ°ž(çŠäºæŸå¹³å®¶)ãæ¿äºç·è£è·ã«ãäžæ©æ
¶å(äžæ©åŸ³å·å®¶)ãå°è»åŸèŠè·ã«ãæŸå¹³å®¹ä¿(äŒæŽ¥æŸå¹³å®¶)ã京éœå®è·è·ã«ããããä»»åœãããŠããããŸããæŸå¹³æ
¶æ°žãæ¿äºç·è£è·ãèŸä»»ããåŸã«ã¯ãåããåæ©æŸå¹³å®¶ã®æŸå¹³çŽå
(å·è¶è©äž»)ãåŸä»»ã«ä»»åœãããŠããã
äžèšã®å®¶ãå«ãŸããå Žåãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E8%97%A9
|
6,160 |
ä» (ææ§ãåé¿)
|
ä»ã»äœ(ã»ãšããã¶ã€ããµã€)
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8F_(%E6%9B%96%E6%98%A7%E3%81%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF)
|
6,162 |
éœå
|
éœå(ãçŸ
: è: ç¬: ä»: è±: proton)ãšã¯ãååæ žãæ§æããç²åã®ãã¡ãæ£ã®é»è·ããã€ç²åã§ãããè±èªåã®ãŸãŸãããã³ãšåŒã°ããããšãå€ããéœåã¯é»è·+1ãã¹ãã³1/2ã®ãã§ã«ãç²åã§ãããèšå· p ã§è¡šãããã
éœåãšãšãã«äžæ§åã«ãã£ãŠååæ žã¯æ§æããããããã¯æ žåãšç·ç§°ããããæ°ŽçŽ (è»œæ°ŽçŽ ãH)ã®ååæ žã¯ã1åã®éœåã®ã¿ããæ§æããããé»åãé¢ããŠã€ãªã³åããæ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³(H)ã¯éœåãã®ãã®ã§ãããããååŠã®é åã§ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ããããã³ãšåŒã¶ããšãå€ãã
ååæ žç©çåŠãçŽ ç²åç©çåŠã«ãããŠãéœåã¯ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãçµã³ã€ããè€åç²åã§ãããããã³ã«åé¡ããã2åã®ã¢ããã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãš1åã®ããŠã³ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ã§æ§æãããããªãªã³ã§ããããããã³ãåé¡ãããã¬ãŒããŒã¯ãããªãªã³æ°ã1ãã¹ãã¬ã³ãžãã¹ã¯0ã§ãããã¢ã€ãœã¹ãã³ã¯1/2ãè¶
é»è·ã¯1/2ãšãªããããªãªã³ã®äžã§ã¯æã軜ããŠå®å®ã§ããã
éœåã®é»è·ã¯ã笊å·ãæ£ã§å€§ããã黿°çŽ é e ã«çããããã®å€ã¯
+ e = + 1.602 176 634 à 10 â 19 C {\displaystyle +e=+1.602~176~634\times 10^{-19}\ {\text{C}}} (æ£ç¢ºã«)
ã§ãã(2018 CODATAæšå¥šå€)ã
éœåã®è³ªé mp ã¯
m p = 1.672 621 923 69 ( 51 ) Ã 10 â 27 kg = 938.272 088 16 ( 29 ) MeV / c 2 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}m_{\text{p}}&=1.672\ 621\ 923\ 69(51)\times 10^{-27}\ {\text{kg}}\\&=938.272\ 088\ 16(29)\ {\text{MeV}}/c^{2}\end{aligned}}}
ã§ãã(2018 CODATAæšå¥šå€)ãé»åã®è³ªé me ã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ã¯
m p m e = 1836.152 673 43 ( 11 ) {\displaystyle {\frac {m_{\text{p}}}{m_{\text{e}}}}=1836.152\ 673\ 43(11)}
ã§ãã(2018 CODATAæšå¥šå€)ã
éœåã®æ¯é»è·ã¯
e m p = 9.578 833 1560 ( 29 ) Ã 10 7 C kg â 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {e}{m_{\text{p}}}}=9.578\ 833\ 1560(29)\times 10^{7}\ {\text{C}}\ {\text{kg}}^{-1}}
ã§ãã(2018 CODATAæšå¥šå€)ã
éœåã®ã³ã³ããã³æ³¢é· λp ã¯
λ p = h m p c = 1.321 409 855 39 ( 40 ) à 10 â 15 m {\displaystyle \lambda _{\text{p}}={\frac {h}{m_{\text{p}}c}}=1.321\ 409\ 855\ 39(40)\times 10^{-15}\ {\text{m}}}
ã§ãã(2018 CODATAæšå¥šå€)ã
éœåã®RMSè·é»ååŸ rp ã¯
r p = 0.8414 ( 19 ) Ã 10 â 15 m {\displaystyle r_{\text{p}}=0.8414(19)\times 10^{-15}\ {\text{m}}}
ã§ãã(2018 CODATAæšå¥šå€)ã
éœåã®ç£æ°ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ã ÎŒp ã¯
ÎŒ p = 1.410 606 797 36 ( 60 ) à 10 â 26 J T â 1 {\displaystyle \mu _{\text{p}}=1.410\ 606\ 797\ 36(60)\times 10^{-26}\ {\text{J}}\ {\text{T}}^{-1}}
ã§ãã(2018 CODATAæšå¥šå€)ãæ žç£å ÎŒN ã«å¯Ÿããæ¯(ç°åžžç£æ°ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ã)ã¯
Ό p Ό N = 2.792 847 344 63 ( 82 ) {\displaystyle {\frac {\mu _{\text{p}}}{\mu _{\text{N}}}}=2.792\ 847\ 344\ 63(82)}
ã§ãã(2018 CODATAæšå¥šå€)ã
éœåã¯1918幎ã«ã¢ãŒãã¹ãã»ã©ã¶ãã©ãŒãã«ãã£ãŠçºèŠããããã¢ã«ãã¡ç²åãçªçŽ ã¬ã¹ã«æã¡èŸŒããšãæ°ŽçŽ ã®ååæ žåºæã®åå¿ãæ€åºããããçªçŽ ã¬ã¹ã¯å¯éç¶æ
ã«ãããããæ°ŽçŽ ã¯çªçŽ ããåé¢ãããã«éããªããæ°ŽçŽ ã®ååæ žã¯çªçŽ ã«å«ãŸããŠãããšæšæž¬ããããããããåœææ°ŽçŽ ã®ååæ žã¯é»è·ã1ã§ãããã以äžåå²ããããšãã§ããªããšãããŠãããããæãåºæ¬çãªç©è³ªã®æ§æèŠçŽ ã§ãããšçµè«ä»ãããã©ã¶ãã©ãŒãã¯ãã®ç©è³ªãã®ãªã·ã£èªã®æåã衚ããããã¹(protos)ãããããã³(protonãè±èªçºé³: [ËproutÉn])ãšåã¥ããã
æšæºæš¡åã«ãããŠã¯ãéœåã®å¯¿åœã¯ç¡éã§ãããšãããŠãããã倧統äžçè«ã¯ãéåžžã«é·ãæéããããŠåŽ©å£ããããšãäºèšããŠããã
å
åŽã«ã»ã³ãµãŒãæ·ãè©°ãã倧åã®ã¿ã³ã¯å
ã®å€§éã®æ¶²äœ(ã«å«ãŸããéœå)ã察象ãšããŠèŠ³æž¬ããããšã§ããããæ€åºã§ãããããããªããšããææ¡ããããããã€ãã®å®éšã宿œãããŠãããæ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠã¯ã«ããªã«ã³ãã®ç®çã®äžã€ãéœåã®åŽ©å£ã芳枬ããããšã§ãã£ããéœåã®å¯¿åœã仮㫠10 幎ãªãã°ã10 åã®éœåãéããã°1幎ã«1å以äžã®éœåã®åŽ©å£ã(厩å£ããã確å®ã«èŠ³æž¬ã§ãããšããŠ)芳枬ã§ãã確çãçŽ63 %(â1â1/e)ã§ããã2幎éã§1å以äžã®éœåã®åŽ©å£ã芳枬ã§ãã確çãçŽ87 %(â1â1/e)ã3幎éã§1å以äžã®éœåã®åŽ©å£ã芳枬ã§ãã確çãçŽ95 %(â1â1/e)ã§ããã2017幎çŸåšããã®åŽ©å£çŸè±¡ã¯èŠ³æž¬ãããŠããããåŒãç¶ãã¹ãŒããŒã«ããªã«ã³ããå«ããå®éšçµæããéœåã®å¯¿åœã¯å°ãªããšã 10 幎(æ¥æ¬ã®åœæ°æ³ã§100æºå¹Ž)以äžã§ãããšäž»åŒµãããŠãããéœå厩å£ã¯éœåå
éšã®ã¯ã©ãŒã¯å士ã 10 m 以å
ã«æ¥è¿ãããšãã«èµ·ããçŸè±¡ã§ããããããã¯ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ã®å€§ããã 10 m 以äžããŸãã¯ç¹ç¶ç²åã§ããããšãåæãšããŠãããã¯ã©ãŒã¯ååŸã 10 m 以äžã§ãããšãã¯ã©ãŒã¯ã®äžå¿å士ã¯ãã以äžã¯æ¥è¿ã§ãããéœå厩å£ã¯èµ·ãããªãã
éœå厩å£ã§ã©ãããç²åã«ã©ã®ãããã®ç¢ºçã§åŽ©å£ãããã¯å€§çµ±äžçè«ã®ã¢ãã«ã«äŸåããããå€ãã®ã¢ãã«ã§ã¯äž»èŠãªã¢ãŒããšããŠæ¬¡åŒã®ãããªéœé»åãšäžæ§ãã€äžéåãåã¯åãã¥ãŒããªããšéœKäžéåãžã®åŽ©å£ãäºèšããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%AD%90
|
6,163 |
äžæ§å
|
äžæ§å(ãçŸ
: è: ç¬: ä»: è±: neutron)ãšã¯ãååæ žãæ§æããç²åã®ãã¡ãç¡é»è·ã®ç²åã®ããšã§ãããªãªã³ã®1çš®ã§ãããååæ žåå¿åŒãªã©ã«ãããŠã¯èšå· n ã§è¡šããããè³ªéæ°ã¯åå質éåäœã§çŽ 1.00867 uãèªç±ãªäžæ§åã¯å¹³å寿åœã¯çŽ15åã§Î²åŽ©å£ãèµ·ããéœåãšãªããååæ žã¯ãéœåãšäžæ§åãšãã2çš®é¡ã®ç²åã«ãã£ãŠæ§æãããŠããããããã®2ã€ãç·ç§°ããŠæ žåãšåŒã¶ã
äžæ§åã®çºèŠã¯1920幎ã®ã¢ãŒãã¹ãã»ã©ã¶ãã©ãŒãã«ããäºæ³ã«å§ãŸãããã®ååšã®å®éšç蚌æã¯1932幎ã«ã±ã³ããªããžå€§åŠã®ç©çåŠè
ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ãã£ããŠã£ãã¯ã«ãã£ãŠãªãããããã®å®éšãšã¯ãããªãªãŠã ã«é«éã®Î±ç²åãåœãŠãããšã§æ¬¡ã®æ žåå¿
ãèµ·ãããããã§çºçããç²å n ããã©ãã£ã³ãªã©ã§åããååæ žãšè¡çªãããããšã§ããã«éœåãé£ã³åºããããã®è·é»ç²åã§ããéœåãæ€åºãããšãããã®ã§ãã£ãããã£ããŠã£ãã¯ã¯äžèšã®æ žåå¿ã§çºçããç²å(åœæã¯ãŸã ããªãªãŠã ç·ãšåŒã°ããŠãã)n ããéœåãšã»ãšãã©åã質éã§äžæ§(é»è·ãæããªã)ã®æ°ããç²åãããªãç²åç·ã§ããããšã確èªãããããäžæ§å (neutron) ãšåä»ããã
äžæ§åã¯ãé»è·ãæã£ãŠããªãããšãããä»ã®é»è·ããã€éœåãªã©ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãå
¥å°ããç©è³ªã®ååæ žãšå®¹æã«çŽæ¥åå¿ããããšãã§ãããé»ç£æ°åã®åœ±é¿ãåããªãäžæ§åç·ã¯ééæ§ãé«ããååæ žã®æ žå€æã«äœ¿ãç²åãšããŠéèŠã§ããã
èªç±ãªäžæ§åãåã³äžæ§åæ°éå°ã®ååæ žäžã®äžæ§åã¯äžå®å®ã§ããããŒã¿åŽ©å£ãèµ·ãããèªç±ãªäžæ§åã¯å¹³åå¯¿åœ 886.7±1.9 ç§(çŽ15å)ãåæžæçŽ10.3åã§éœåãšé»ååã³åé»åãã¥ãŒããªãã«åŽ©å£ãããããåå¿åŒã§è¡šããš
ãšãªããäžæ§åã¯ããªãªã³ã®äžçš®ã§ããããŽã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã»ã¯ã©ãŒã¯æš¡åã®èŠæ¹ããšãã°ã2åã®ããŠã³ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãš1åã®ã¢ããã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãšãã3åã®ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ã«ãã£ãŠæ§æãããŠãããäžæ§åã¯å
šäœãšããŠé»è·ãæããªãããå
éšã§ã¯æ£è² ã®é»è·ãååžããŠããããã®åºããã¯çŽ 10 m ã§ããã
é»è·ãæããªãäžæ§åãšååãšã®çžäºäœçšã¯ãéåžžã«çè·é¢ã§ã®ã¿åãæ žåã«ãããã®ãã»ãŒå
šãŠã§ããããŸããæ žåã®å°éç¯å²ã¯ããããÏäžéåã®æç®ã³ã³ããã³æ³¢é· h/2ÏmÏc ã§ããçŽ 1.4Ã10 m - 2.0Ã10 m çšåºŠãå³ã¡äžæ§åã®é»è·ååžã®åºããã§ãã 0.1 fm çšåºŠãããªããåŸã£ãŠãç©è³ªäžãç§»åããèªç±ãªäžæ§åã¯ãååæ žãšãæ£é¢ãè¡çªãããŸã§çŽé²ãããååæ žã®æé¢ç©ã¯éåžžã«å°ããããè¡çªã¯çšã«ããèµ·ããããäžæ§åã¯è¡çªãŸã§ã«é·ãè¡çšãé£ã¶ããšã«ãªããçæããäžæ§åãä»ã®ååæ žãšè¡çªãããŸã§ç§»åããè·é¢ãå¹³åèªç±è¡çš(è±: mean freepath)ãšããææšã§è¡šãã
匟æ§è¡çªãèµ·ãããããªå Žåãéåéä¿ååã«åŸããããªã€ãŒãã®ããŒã«ãäºãã«è¡çªããããã«æ¯ãèããããè¡çªãããæ žãéãå Žåã¯æ žã®å éã¯æ¯èŒçå°ãªããäžæ§åãšã»ãŒçãã質éããã€éœå(æ°ŽçŽ åå)ãšè¡çªããå Žåãéœåã¯å
ã
ã®äžæ§åãæã£ãŠããéåéã®ã»ãšãã©ãåãåãã¯ããåºããããäžæ¹ãäžæ§åã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®éåéã倱ããããã®è¡çªã®çµæçããäºæ¬¡çã«æŸå°ãããç²åãé»è·ãæã£ãŠããå Žåãé»é¢äœçšããããããæ€ç¥ããããšãå¯èœã§ããã
黿°çã«äžæ§ã§ããããã芳枬ã ãã§ãªãäžæ§åãå¶åŸ¡ããã®ãé£ãããè·é»ç²åã«å¯ŸããŠã¯é»ç£å Žã«ãã£ãŠå éãæžéãè»éä¿®æ£ãªã©ã®æäœãå¶åŸ¡ãå¯èœã§ããããäžæ§åã«ã¯ããã䜿ããªããèªç±äžæ§åãå¶åŸ¡ããæžéãé²è·¯ã®å€æŽãåžåãªã©ã®çµæãåŸãã«ã¯é²è·¯ã«ååæ žãé
眮ãããããªãããã®ããšã¯å¹³åèªç±è¡çšãšäœµããŠååçãæ žå
µåšãèšèšããéãéåžžã«éèŠã§ããã
äžæ§åã®è³ªéãªã©ã¯ãç©ç宿°ã®1çš®ãšããŠCODATAãã4幎ã«1床ã®ããŒã¹ã§NISTã®WebããŒãžãä»ããŠå
¬éãããŠããã
äžæ§åã¯ãã®éåãšãã«ã®ãŒ(éåé床)ã«å¿ããŠå€§äœä»¥äžã®ããã«åé¡ãããã
1914幎ã«ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã©ã¶ãã©ãŒãã¯ãéãååæ žã§ã¯Î±ç·ãæ¥è¿ãããŠãã¯ãŒãã³åã«ãã£ãŠåŒŸãè¿ããããã軜ãååæ žã§ã¯ååæ žãαç²åããããã®ç Žå£ãèµ·ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšèãã1917幎ãã1919幎ã«ãããŠãããŸããŸãªæ¡ä»¶äžã§ç©ºæ°ã«å¯ŸããŠÎ±ç·ãåœãŠãZnSã®ã·ã³ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå©çšããŠç Žå£ã®åœ±é¿ã§çããå¯èœæ§ã®ããç²åãçºèŠããããšè©Šã¿ãçµæãæ°ŽçŽ ã®ååæ žãçºèŠãããããã®æ°ŽçŽ ã®ååæ žã¯ãαç·ã空æ°äžã®çªçŽ ã®ååæ žã«åœãã£ãéã«
ãšããæ žåå¿ã«ãã£ãŠçãããã®ã§ããããã®çµæãåããŠã©ã¶ãã©ãŒãã¯ãç¿1920幎ã«ãã³ãã³çç«åäŒã«æŒããŠè¡ãªã£ãè¬çŸ©ã®äžã§ãååæ žãæ§æããç²åã«ã¯éœåã®ä»ã«éœåãšã»ãšãã©åã質éã§äžæ§ã®ç²åãååšãããšäºæ³ããã
1929幎ã«äžæ§åã®çºèŠã«ããããœé£ã®ãŽã£ã¯ãã«ã»ã¢ã³ãã«ããã£ã³ãšããããªãŒã»ã€ã¯ãã³ã³ã¯çŽã¡ã«ååæ žã®æ§é ã«ã€ããŠã®åŸæ¥ã®èŠè§£ãæ¹å€ãããååæ žã®äžã«ã¯äžæ§åãšéœåã ããå«ãŸããŠãããé»åã¯ååšããªãããšãã説ãæå±ããããŽã§ã«ããŒã»ãã€ãŒã³ãã«ã¯ããããæ¯æãã以åŸã®ååæ žçè«ã®æ¹åæ§ã決ããããšã«ãªã£ããšèšããã圌ã®3éšäœã®è«æãååæ žã®æ§é ã«ã€ããŠ1ã3(Ãber den Bau der Atomkerne I-III)ãã®åºæ¬ä»®å®ãšããŠæ¡çšãããããšãšãªã£ãã
ãããã10幎åŸã®1930幎ã«ãã€ãã®Wã»ããŒããšHã»ããã«ãŒã¯ãããããŠã ããæŸåºãããαç·ãããªããŠã ãããªãªãŠã ãããŠçŽ ãªã©ã®è»œå
çŽ ã«åœãŠããšéåžžã«åŒ·ãééåããã£ãæŸå°ç·(åœæã¯ãŸã ããªãªãŠã ç·ãšåŒã°ããŠãã)ãæŸåºãããããšãçºèŠããã2人ã¯ããªãªãŠã ç·ã®æ£äœã¯Î³ç·ã§ãããšæšæž¬ãããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯æ®éã®Î³ç·ã®å€§äœ2åçšåºŠã§ãããšçµè«ä»ããã
ãã®ç¿å¹Žã®1931幎ã«ããžã§ãªãª=ãã¥ãªãŒå€«åŠ»(ã€ã¬ãŒããšå€«ã®ãã¬ããªãã¯)ã¯ãããªã®ã©ãžãŠã ç ç©¶æã«ãããŠããã®ããªãªãŠã ç·ããã©ãã£ã³ãã»ããã¡ã³ãªã©ã®æ°ŽçŽ ãå«ãç©è³ªã«ããŠããšãããããé«éåºŠã®æ°ŽçŽ æ žããªãã¡éœåãé£ã³åºãããšãçºèŠããã2人ããã¯ãããŒããšããã«ãŒãšåããããªãªãŠã ç·ã®æ£äœã¯Î³ç·ã§ãããšèããŠããããå®éšããããŸããŸãªççŸãåºãŠæ¥ãããã®çµæãåãã圢ã§ãå幎ãã±ã³ããªããžå€§åŠã® Webster ã«ãã£ãŠãããªãªãŠã ç·ã®æŸåºãγç·ã®æŸåºãšå
šãç°ãªãããšã瀺ãããã
ãããã®å®éšçµæãç·åããŠãå幎ã«åããã±ã³ããªããžå€§åŠã®ç©çåŠè
ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ãã£ããŠã£ãã¯ã¯ããããççŸã¯ããªãªãŠã ç·ãγç·ãšä»®å®ããŠããããšã«èµ·å ããŠããããšã«æ°ä»ãããããéœåãšã»ãšãã©åã質éã§äžæ§(é»è·ãæããªã)ã®æ°ããçŽ ç²åãããªãç²åç·ã§ããããšãå®éšçã«ç¢ºèªãããããäžæ§å (neutron) ãšåä»ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%90
|
6,164 |
æ¥æ¬ã®ä»å°
|
æ¥æ¬ã®ä»å°(ã«ã»ãã®ã¶ã£ãã, Japanese Buddhist pantheon)ã§ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã§ä¿¡ä»°ãããŠãã倧ä¹ä»æã«ãããä¿¡ä»°ã»é åã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã§ãããæ§ã
ãªä»(ã»ãšã, ããã)ãè©è©ãäžçŽç¥ã®äžèЧã瀺ãã
æ¬æ¥ãä»ãšã¯ã仿ã«ãããæé«ã®ååšã§ãããæããéããè
ã§ããä»é(åŠæ¥)ãšãã(ç矩ã®ä»)ããããåŸã«ãä»éã«æºããååšã§æããéãããšä¿®è¡ããŠããè©è©ãå¯æç¹æã®å°ã§ããæçã倩éšã®è·æ³åç¥ãªã©ãå«ããã仿ã®ä¿¡ä»°ãé åã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãå°æ ŒããåºçŸ©ã®è§£éãšããŠãä»(ä»å°)ããšç·ç§°ããããã«ãªã£ãã
倧ä¹ä»æã§ã¯å€ãã®åŠæ¥ã»ä»ãåŸã«çã¿åºããããããšãã°æµåäžéšçµã®äžã€ãé¿åŒ¥éçµãã«ã¯ãäžå倧åäžç(å
šå®å®ã®æ)ã«ãã¬ã³ãžã¹å·ã®ç ç²ã®æ°(ææ²³æ²)ã»ã©ã®ä»ãããŸããååšããããšã説ãããŠããããã®ããã«å€§ä¹çµå
žã§ã¯ä»ã®ååãåæããçµå
žã倿°ååšããã
ãªãäžåº§éšä»æã§ã¯ãä»ã¯é迊çå°Œä»ã®ã¿ãæããé迊ã®å°å以å€ã¯ä¿¡ä»°ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšã¯ããªã(ãã ããéå»äžä»ãªã©é迊以åã®ä»(ãããã»èŠè
)ãååšããããšã¯èªããŠããããŸãæªæ¥ä»ã§ãã匥åã«ã€ããŠãèšåããŠãã)ã
(ã~ä»ããšãã°ããå Žåããã)
芳é³è©è©(芳äžé³è©è©ãŸãã¯èгèªåšè©è©ã®ç¥)
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E4%BB%8F%E5%B0%8A
|
6,165 |
ãããã³
|
ãããã³(proton)ã¯è±èªã§éœåã®ããšãæãã
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3
|
6,167 |
éè¿ŠåŠæ¥
|
éè¿ŠåŠæ¥(ãããã«ããã)ã¯ãæŽå²çã«å®åšããä»éã§ããã仿ã®éç¥ã§ããé迊(ãŽãŒã¿ãã»ã·ãããã¿ããŽãŒã¿ãã»ã·ãããŒã«ã¿ãã¬ãŠã¿ãã»ã·ãããŒã«ã¿ãç¿ææéå€)ãå°ã¶åŒã³åã§ãããé迊çå°Œä»ãé迊çå°ŒåŠæ¥ãé迊çå°Œäžå°ã«åãã
äžåº§éšä»æã§ã¯ãçä»ã§ã¯ãªããæŽå²äžã«å®åšããé迊ãçèº«åŠæ¥ãæãã
倧ä¹ä»æã§ã¯ãäžèº«èª¬ã«èª¬ãããã«ãçä»ã§ããæ³èº«ä»ãçŸäžã®äººã
ã®åã«çŸããŠæãã説ããå§¿ãå¿èº«ä»ããããã¯å ±èº«ä»ã§ãããšãããŠããã
éè¿ŠåŠæ¥ã¯ãã€ã³ã以æ¥ãåºãä»æã®æµåžããå°åã§é åãããããã«ãªã£ãããã®äžå¿ã¯ãå®åšã®é迊ã®äŒèšãšããŠã®ä»äŒã絵解ã颚ã«é 圢åãããã®ããããã¯ããã®äžå Žé¢ãåç¬ã§é åãããã®ãªã©ã§ãã£ãã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãèªçåãèŠè¡åãééåã説æ³åãæ¶
æ§åãªã©ãšããŠé åãè¡ãªãããããªãã§ã説æ³åãäžçªäžè¬çãªé 圢ã§ããã説æ³å°ãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠãéè¿Šãæ³ã説ãå§¿ã衚çŸããŠããã
äœäŸãšããŠã¯ãå¥è¯ã®æ³é寺éå ã京éœã®è¹æºå¯ºã®é
åãå¥è¯ã®å®€ç寺éå ã京éœã®å€§å ±æ©å¯ºã®æšåãªã©ãèåãšãªã£ãŠããããŸããäº¬éœæž
å寺ã®çåãæš¡ããæž
å寺åŒéè¿ŠåŠæ¥ãåºç¯ã«æµåžããŠãã圢åŒã§ããã
é迊äžå°ãšããŠç¥å£ã«çœ®ãããå Žåãå€ããèäŸã¯ææ®è©è©ãšæ®è³¢è©è©ãå€ããæ³è¯å®ã»æ¥è®å®ã§ã¯äžå®å°(äžå¡äž¡å°)ã®åœ¢åŒããšãããããšãå€ããããã¯äžå¿ãé¡ç®ã®æžãããå€å®å¡(å®å¡)ã§äž¡èã«éè¿ŠåŠæ¥ãšå€å®åŠæ¥ãç¥ç¥è
ããèŠãŠå·Šå³ã«äžŠã³ããã®äžã«å§ãšããŠã®æ¥è®åãããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãã¿ã€ããããã¯ã¹ãªã©ã³ã«æ¿åºããå
¬åŒèŽåãããéºéªšãæµ
è寺ãéæå¯ºãèŠçå±±æ¥æ³°å¯ºãéè¿Šå±±å€§è©æå¯ºã«ç¥ãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%88%E8%BF%A6%E5%A6%82%E6%9D%A5
|
6,169 |
æ¯ç§é®é£ä»
|
æ¯ç§é®é£ä»(ã³ããããªã¶ã€ãVairocana)ã¯ã倧ä¹ä»æã«ããã信仰察象ã§ããåŠæ¥ã®äžå°ãè¯å³çµã«ãããŠäžå¿çãªååšãšããŠæ±ãããå°æ Œã§ããã坿ã«ãããŠã¯å€§æ¥åŠæ¥ãšåäžèŠãããã
å°åã¯è¯å³çµã§ã¯ãèãã®åãçšããŠæ¯ç§èé£ä»ã倧æ¥çµã§ã¯ãé®ãã®åãçšããŠæ¯ç§é®é£ä»ãšè¡šèšãããã
æ¯ç§é®é£ãšã¯ãµã³ã¹ã¯ãªããèªã®VairocanaããŽã¡ã€ããŒãã£ããã®é³èš³ã§ãå
æéç
§ã(ããã¿ãããžãããã)ãæå³ããããæ¯ç§èé£ä»ããšã衚èšããããç¥ããŠç§é®é£ä»(ããããªã¶ã€)ãé®é£ä»(ãããªã¶ã€)ãšã衚ãããã
å²å®ã®äººç©ãšããŠã®ãŽãŒã¿ãã»ã·ãããŒã«ã¿ãè¶
ããå®å®ä»(æ³èº«ä»)ãå®å®ã®ççãå
šãŠã®äººã«ç
§ãããæãã«å°ãä»ãæ¯ç§é®é£ä»ã«ã€ããŠã¯ããè¯å³çµãã«è©³ãã説ãããŠããã
çèšå®ãªã©ã®å¯æã«ããããæ©èš¶æ¯ç§é®é£ä»ã(倧æ¯ç§é®é£ä»ãMahÄvairocana(ãããŒã»ãŽã¡ã€ããŒãã£ã))ã¯ã倧æ¥åŠæ¥ãšåŒã°ããæç«ã®èµ·æºãããŸãã¢ã¹ã¿ãŒæã®åã®æé«ç¥ã¢ãã©ã»ããºããŒã«æ±ããåŠèª¬ããããä»åã§ã¯ãèæŠå€©çã®çºé¡ã«ããé ãããæ±å€§å¯ºç§èé£ä»å(å¥è¯ã®å€§ä»ãæ±å€§å¯ºå€§ä»)ãæåãçŸåããªãããè±è£ç§åã®çºé¡ããæ¹åºå¯ºå€§ä»(京ã®å€§ä»)ãæ¯ç§é®é£ä»ã§ãã£ãã
éçãéåµããåææå¯ºéå ã®äžå°ãã倩平æä»£ã®è±ä¹ŸæŒåãšããŠæåã§ãããéçãäžåœãããããããçåæ§åŒã®äœé¢šãäŒãã圫å»ãšããŠè²Žéãªååšã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%98%E7%9B%A7%E9%81%AE%E9%82%A3%E4%BB%8F
|
6,172 |
ä»èª (ææ§ãåé¿)
|
ä»èª
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8F%E8%AA%9E_(%E6%9B%96%E6%98%A7%E3%81%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF)
|
6,174 |
倧ä»
|
倧ä»()ã¯ã倧ããªä»åãæãéç§°ãäžåœãªã©ã¢ãžã¢ã®ä»æåã§ã¯ã倩ç¶ã®å²©å£ã圫å»ãã磚åŽä»ãªã©ãå€ãããé ãããŠãããæ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠã¯ãå¥è¯æä»£ã«èæŠå€©çããåœå®¶ã®å®å¯§ãšæ°ã®å¹žçŠãç¥é¡ããŠæ±å€§å¯ºã«å¥è¯ã®å€§ä»(æ±å€§å¯ºå€§ä»)ãé ç«ããã®ãåç¢ãšããã以éãçŸä»£ã«è³ããŸã§ã倧ããªååŸ³ãæ±ããé¡äž»ã«ãã£ãŠåå°ã«å€§ããªä»åãé ãããŠããã
é迊ã®èäžã1äž6å°ºãã£ããšããäŒèª¬ããããã®é«ãã§é ãããä»åãäžå
ä»()ãšãããèäžãåºæºãšããŠããããååã®å Žåã¯ãçŽååã®å€§ããã«ãªããäžè¬çã«ã¯ãäžå
ä»ããã倧ããä»åãã倧ä»ããšãããããã®å®çŸ©ããå°ãããŠãã倧ä»ããšç§°ãããã®ãããã
ãŸãã倧ä»ãå®çœ®ããä»å ã倧仿®¿()ãšåŒã¶ããšããããæ±å€§å¯ºã®å€§ä»æ®¿(éå )ãæåã§ããã
æ¥æ¬äžå€§ä»ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã«ãã倧ä»ã®äžãã代衚çãª3å°ãéžãã ãã®ã§ããããã¡2å°ã¯ãäžèšã®ãã¡å¥è¯ã®å€§ä»ãšéå倧ä»ãæãããããæ®ã1å°ã¯æä»£ãšãšãã«å€é·ããŠãããç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸä»¥éã¯å¯å±±çé«å²¡åžã®å€§äœå¯ºã«ããé«å²¡å€§ä»ãå²éçå²éåžã®æ£æ³å¯ºã«ããå²é倧ä»ãå
µåº«çç¥æžåžã®èœçŠå¯ºã«ããå建ããã2代ç®ã®å
µåº«å€§ä»ãªã©è«žèª¬ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%8F
|
6,175 |
538幎
|
538幎(538 ãã)ã¯ã西æŠ(ãŠãªãŠã¹æŠ)ã«ããã平幎ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/538%E5%B9%B4
|
6,176 |
ISO/IEC 10646
|
ISO/IEC 10646 (UCS; è±: Universal Coded Character Set) ã¯ã笊å·åæåéåãæå笊å·åæ¹åŒãªã©ãå®ãããæåã³ãŒãã®åœéæšæºã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãæ¥çèŠæ Œã®UnicodeãšæŠãäºæã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã®å¯Ÿå¿èŠæ Œã¯JIS X 0221(åœé笊å·åæåéå)ã
æå空é(0 - 10FFFF16)ãåé²ãããŠããæåããããã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ãè±èªã§ã€ããããæåã®ååãæå笊å·åæ¹åŒ(UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32)ã¯UnicodeèŠæ Œãšå
šãåãã§ããããã ããæå空éã¯å€ãèŠæ Œã§ã¯21ãããã®UnicodeãããŒã¹ã«ããŠæå空éã31ãããã«æ¡åŒµãããã®ãšãããUnicodeã®æå€§å€ã§ããU+10FFFFãã倧ããªã³ãŒãã䜿çšã§ãããšããç¹ã§Unicodeãšç°ãªã£ãŠããããããã2006å¹Žã®æ¹èšã«ããUnicodeã§äœ¿çšã§ããªãé åã«ã¯æåããæ°žä¹
ã«å®çŸ©ãããªããããšãšããã2011å¹Žã®æ¹èšã§ã¯æç¢ºã«0 - 10FFFFãšå®çŸ©ããåäžãšãªã£ãã
é¢ (plane)ãåº (row)ãç¹ (cell) ãšããŠåããããUnicodeãšåã第0é¢ã®åºæ¬å€èšèªé¢ (BMP; è±: Basic Multilingual Plane) ãšè¿œå é¢ã®ç¬¬1 - 16é¢ãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ã§æåãå®çŸ©ãããŠãããå€ãèŠæ Œã§ã¯çŸ€ (group) ãšããåé¡ããã£ãã2011å¹Žã®æ¹èšã§å»æ¢ãããã
ãã®èŠæ Œã¯å¶å®ã®äžæ©æåã®æ®µéãŸã§ã¯ãçŸåšã®å§¿ãšã¯ããªãç°ãªã仿§ã ã£ãã4ãªã¯ãããã®ç¬Šå·ã§ãããåãªã¯ãããããããã矀ãé¢ãåºãç¹ãšãããåé¢ã«ã¯åŸæ¥ã®ã³ã³ãããŒã«é åãé¿ãã0x20 - 0x7Fãš0xA0 - 0xFFã®ç¯å²ã«æåãå²ãåœãŠãããã®ç¯å²ã«ISO/IEC 2022ã«åŸã£ãæ§é ã®ååœã³ãŒã(ISO/IEC 8859ãJIS X 0208ãGB 2312ãªã©)ãå¹³è¡ç§»åããŠãã£ããå容ãããšãããåŸæ¥ã®ã³ãŒãç³»ãšã®äºææ§ãæå€§éã«å°éããæ§æããšã£ãŠããã
ãã®æ¡ã¯1990幎ã«åœéæšæºã®äžæ©åã®æ®µéã®DIS (Draft International Standard) ãšããŠäœæããããã1991幎6æã®æç¥šã§åŠæ±ºãããããã®çç±ã¯ãåãææã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®äŒæ¥çŸ€ãUnicode仿§ãäœæãããããåãç®çã®èŠæ Œã2ã€äœãããããšãé¿ããããšã ã£ãã
ãã®åŸãDIS 10646ãšUnicodeãšãäžæ¬åããäœæ¥ãè¡ããããæ¢åèŠæ Œãšã®æŽåæ§ãéãããDIS 10646ã«å¯ŸããŠãUnicodeã¯åçš®ã¢ã«ãã¡ãããé¡ã¯æ°èŠå²ãåœãŠã挢åã¯æ¥äžéãçµ±åã笊å·äœçœ®ã¯ã³ã³ãããŒã«é åãŸã§å
šãŠäœ¿ã£ãŠ2ãªã¯ãããåºå®ãšãããå
šãç°ãªãæ¹éã§èšèšãããŠãããçµæãšããŠãã矀ã»é¢ã»åºã»ç¹ããšããçšèªã¯æ®ããªããã第0矀第0é¢ãåºæ¬å€èšèªé¢ (BMP) ãšç§°ããBMPã«Unicodeããã£ããå
¥ããŠãã®ä»ã®çŸ€ã»é¢ã¯æªäœ¿çšãšãããå®è³ª2ãªã¯ãããã®ç¬Šå·ãšãªã£ãã
çµå±ãUnicodeã«ä¹ã£åãã第1çãšã¯äŒŒãŠã䌌ã€ãã¬ç¬Šå·ã«ãªã£ãDIS 10646第2çãããã®ãŸãŸInternational StandardãšããŠå¶å®ãããããšãšãªã£ãã1993幎ã®ããšã§ããã
ãã®ãããªçµç·¯ããã©ããæ¢åèŠæ Œãšã®å¯Ÿå¿ãäžæç¢ºãªå®çŸ©ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã£ããããæ¢åèŠæ Œãšã®ã³ãŒã倿ã«ãããŠã䌌ããããªåœ¢ã®å€ãèšå·ã®ã©ãã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã®ãã®å€æãå°é£ãšãªãåé¡ãçãããããã«ããã補åã«ãã£ãŠã³ãŒã倿ãç°ãªãåé¡ãåžžæ
åãããã®åé¡ã«èµ·å ããæååãã¯ä»ã«è³ããŸã§è§£æ±ºã®ç®åŠãçµã£ãŠããªãããã ãæŒ¢åã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå
ã«ãªã£ãååœèŠæ Œã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ãæç€ºãããŠãããã倿ã®éãã¯çããŠããªãã
â» 1999幎9æä»¥éã2000幎9æãŸã§ã«æç«ããAmendmentããã³Technical Corrigendumã¯ãçºè¡ããããã®ãŸãŸISO/IEC 10646-1:2000ã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããã
Unicodeã®ãUTFãããUnicode Transformation Formatããæå³ããã®ã«å¯ŸããISO/IEC 10646ã®ãUTFãã¯ãUCS Transformation Formatããæå³ããã
å€ãèŠæ Œã§ã¯å®è£
ã¬ãã«ãšãããã®ãèããããŠããã2011å¹Žã®æ¹èšã§å»æ¢ãããLevel3ã®å®è£
ã®ã¿ãæ±ãäºãšãªã£ãã
Unicodeã¯ãLevel 3ã®å®è£
ã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_10646
|
6,178 |
Extended Unix Code
|
Extended Unix Code(EUC)ã¯ãUNIXäžã§äœ¿ãããŠããæåã³ãŒãã®ç¬Šå·åæ¹åŒã§ããã
ãªã©ãããã
1980幎代ãUNIXãéçºããŠããAT&Tã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœä»¥å€ã®åœãžUNIXãå±éããã«ããã£ãŠååœåºæã®èŠæ±ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããããUNIXã·ã¹ãã ãäžçå
±éã®æ©èœãšãªãåœéæ©èœãšãååœåºæã®åŠçã«å¿
èŠãªæ©èœãšãªãååœèªæ©èœã«åããŠå®çŸ©ããããã®åœéæ©èœã«ãããŠã1ã€ã®åºæ¬ã³ãŒããš3ã€ã®æ¡åŒµã³ãŒãããæ§æããã4ã€ã®ã³ãŒãã»ããã䜿çšã§ããæåã³ãŒããExtended UNIX Code (EUC; æ¡åŒµUNIXã³ãŒã) ãšããŠå®çŸ©ããã
å³å¯ã«ã¯EUCã®ã³ãŒãäœç³»ã«ã¯ãã€ãåäœã®å¯å€é·ã³ãŒãã§ãããããã¯ãã©ãŒãããããšã2ãã€ãåºå®é·ã®ãå®å
š2ãã€ããã©ãŒããããããããåè
ã¯æ
å ±äº€æçšãåŸè
ã¯å
éšåŠççšã§ãäžè¬ã«EUCãšããå Žååè
ãæããããã§ãåè
ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããã
EUCã®ããã¯ãã©ãŒãããã¯ISO/IEC 2022ãåºã«ã以äžã®ãããªãµãã»ããåãè¡ã£ãäœç³»ã§ããã
è£å©ã³ãŒãã»ããã0x80-0xFFã®ç¯å²ã§è¡šããããããäž»ã³ãŒãã»ãããšè¡çªããããšããªããããªãã¡Shift_JISã«ããã2ãã€ãç®ã5Cçã«ãªãããããšã«ããåé¡ãèµ·ããªããšããã¡ãªãããããã
ååœåãã«å±æåããååœèªæ©èœã®ããããã®çã«ã€ããŠãæ¥æ¬èªã§ã¯ã - èªEUCããã - èªçEUCãã®ããã«åŒã°ããããšãå€ãã
æ¥æ¬èªEUCã¯G1-G3ã«æ¥æ¬ç£æ¥èŠæ Œ (JIS) ã®æåéåãå²ãåœãŠãŠããã
äžè¬ã«æ¥æ¬èªEUCãšããå Žåãã¡ããæããEUC-JPãšããããããã§ãJPã¯æ¥æ¬åœã衚ãåœã»å°åã³ãŒãã§ãã£ãŠãæ¥æ¬èªã衚ãèšèªã³ãŒã (ja) ã§ãªãã
1986幎ã«AT&Tã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããŠä»¥æ¥ãUNIXã®æšæºçãªæ¥æ¬èªã³ãŒããšããŠåºã䜿ãããŠããã1990幎ã«JIS X 0212(è£å©æŒ¢å)ãæ°ãã«çå®ããããã1992幎ã«UNIX Internationalãçºè¡ãããUNIX System V ãªãªãŒã¹ 4 (SVR4) æ¥æ¬èªç°å¢å
±éèŠçŽãã«ãããŠãJIS X 0201 ã«ã¿ã«ããšJIS X 0212 è£å©æŒ¢åã¯å®è£
ãå¿
é ã§ã¯ãªããšãããŠããããã®ãããç¹ã«JIS X 0212ã¯å®è£
ãããŠããªãããšãå€ããéä¿¡ãªã©ã§çšããå Žåã¯ãã®ç¹ã«æ³šæãå¿
èŠã§ããã
ãªããG2ãšG3ã䜿ããªãå Žåã¯JIS X 0208:1997ã®ãåœéåºæºçã»æŒ¢åçš8ããã笊å·ããšåäžãšãªãã
JIS X 0213:2004ããŒã¹ã®ãã®ãEUC-JIS-2004ãšãã(2000幎çã¯EUC-JISX0213)ãJIS X 0213ã®é屿ž3ã«èšèŒããããããªãŒ/ãªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãªã©ã§äœ¿ãããŠããããšãããã
1987幎ã«AT&TãŠããã¯ã¹ã»ãã·ãã£ãã¯ãããªãªãŒã¹ããã Korean Application Environment Release 1.0 (KAE 1.0) ã§èŠå®ããã1992幎ã«éåœæšæºåäŒã«ãã£ãŠKS X 2901(æ§KS C 5861)ããã³ã°ã«UNIXãšã³ãã€ãã¡ã³ãããšããŠæšæºåããããEUC-KRãšããããããã§ãKRã¯éåœã®åœã»å°åã³ãŒãã§ãã£ãŠãæé®®èªã®èšèªã³ãŒã (ko) ã§ã¯ãªããåã«KS C 5601ãšãã£ãå Žåã§ããæåéåãšããŠã®KS C 5601ã§ãªããEUC-KRã®ããšãæããŠããå Žåãå€ãã
EUC-KRãæ¡åŒµããUHC (Unified Hangul Code) ãšããäœç³»ãååšããã
äžåœã§åºã䜿ãããŠãããEUC-CNãšããããããã§ãCNã¯äžåœã®åœã»å°åã³ãŒãã§ãã£ãŠãç°¡äœåã®çšåç³»ã³ãŒã (Hans) ã§ãäžåœèªã®èšèªã³ãŒã (zh) ã§ããªããåã«GB 2312ãšãã£ãå Žåã§ããæåéåãšããŠã®GB 2312ã§ãªããEUC-CNã®ããšãæããŠããå Žåãå€ãã
EUC-CNãæ¡åŒµããGBKãšããäœç³»ãååšããã
EUC-TWãšããããããã§ãTWã¯å°æ¹Ÿã®åœã»å°åã³ãŒãã§ãã£ãŠãç¹äœåã®çšåç³»ã³ãŒã (Hant) ã§ãäžåœèªã®èšèªã³ãŒã (zh) ã§ããªããå°æ¹Ÿã®èŠæ Œã§ããããããŸã䜿ãããŠããããäžè¬ã«ã¯Big5ã䜿ãããã
G2ã®æåã¯ä»¥äžã®4ãã€ãã§æ§æãããã
EUCã®å©çšã¯ããã¹ãŠã®æåã³ãŒããå
å«ããããè€æ°ã®æåã³ãŒããåãæ¿ããŠè¡šç€ºããæ©èœã®å¿
èŠæ§ãåŠå®ããå Žåããããå€ãã®æåã衚瀺ããæµãã«å¯ŸããŠåŸãåãã§ãã£ãç¹ã課é¡ã§ãããããã¯ãæåã³ãŒãèªäœã®èª²é¡ã§ã¯ãªããEUCãå©çšããŠããããã°ã©ããå©çšè
ã®èª²é¡ã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code
|
6,180 |
åå
|
åå(ãåž: ÏΜοΌαãçŸ
: nomenãè±: name)ãšã¯ãç©ã人ç©ã«äžããããèšèã®ããšã§ã察象ãåŒãã ãããéã«äœ¿ããããåç§°ããããã¯åã«åãšãèšããååãã€ããããšããåä»ããããåœå(ãããã)ããããšãããååãšããŠäœ¿ãããèšèãåè©ãšããã
å€ãã®å Žåãååãšã¯äººåã§ããããŸãã人åã®ãã¡ãå®¶æã衚ãå§(åå)ã§ãªãæ¹ãå人ãèå¥ããåãæãããšãå€ãããã ããåã§ã¯ãªãå§ãæããŠãååããšåŒã¶ããšãããã
ãã¹ãŠã®äºè±¡ã«ã¯åããããæã
ã¯å
ããã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã«ååãä»ããããã®ããã«ã¯å¯Ÿè±¡ã®æŠå¿µãæç¢ºã«ãããŸããã以å€ã®äºè±¡ãšã®åºå¥ãæããªããã°ãªããªãããã®éçšã§ååãä»ãã察象ãæç¢ºã«ãªããååããªããã®ã¯ãä»äººã«ãã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã説æã§ããªãããååšãèªèãããã®ãé£ãããèªãããã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãæç¢ºã«ã§ããªããªãããã ãå¿
ãããåºæã®ååãæã€å¿
èŠã¯ãªããéããã人ã³ãšã®éã§èªèãæç¢ºã«ãªãã®ã§ããã°å¯Ÿè±¡ã説æããèªã䜿ãããå³åŽã®ââãã»ãçœãââãã»ãââã«ãã人ãã»ãæã®ââããªã©ã§è¶³ããããšã¯ãããããããããå€ãã®äººã
ã«ä»ãšã¯åºå¥ããŠèªèããŠãããããã«ã¯ãã¯ãåºæåãå¿
èŠãšãªã£ãŠããã
èªç¶èгå¯ã®éã«ããŸãçãç©ã®ååãèŠããããšããå§ããããšãå€ãããããã¯èŠããè¡çºã«äŸ¡å€ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããååãèŠããããšã§ããããŸã§ã©ããåãã«èŠããŠãããã®ã®åºå¥ãã€ãããã«ãªãããã§ãããããšãã°ãã³ãã®åãèŠããã°ãéèãšããŠåºå¥ããã«äžç·ã«ããŠãããã®ã®äžããããããèŠåããããããã«ãªãããããã«ãŠã·ãã³ããã³ãã³ããç¥ãã°ããã³ãã®äžã«ãããã«éããããããšããããããã«ãªãã
ååã¯å
ã
ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã人éããããåå¥ã«ææ¡ãã¹ã察象ãšããŠèªèããéã«äžãããã®ã§ããããããã£ãŠã©ã®ç¯å²ã§åãäžãããã¯äººéãšãããšã®é¢ããã«ãã£ãŠå€ãããããšãã°æåãéãã°åã
ã®ç©ã«å¯Ÿããé¢ããã®æ·±ããç°ãªãããããååã«ã圱é¿ãããããèšèªã«ãã£ãŠåã®æ±ããç°ãªããããšãã°æ¥æ¬èªã«ãããŠããŠã·ãšããåç©ã®åã¯ãçãã§ãããããã«å«ãŸããå·®ç°ã«ã€ããŠã¯éçã»éçã»ä»çãšæ¥é èªãã€ãããããã¯çèãšèªå°Ÿãã€ããŠèª¬æçã«æ±ããã ãè±èªã§ã¯çã¯ç·ç§°ãšããŠã¯ ãcattleããéç㯠ãbullããéç㯠ãcowããä»ç㯠ãcalfããçè㯠ãbeefã ãšããã¹ãŠå
šãç°ãªã£ãèªãåœãŠãã
å人ãç¹å®ããããã«éããããååã¯ããã®æ¹æ³ãšããŠåã®äžã«ç¥å
ããåãç¶ãããã¿ãããè¡çµ±ã衚ãåãå«ãããããããå§ããšãããå人ãè¡çµ±ãšããå
±éã®èŠçŽ ã§ã°ã«ãŒãåããŠåºå¥ã§ããããã«ãªããè¡çµ±ãåãç¶ãäžæã®äžå¿ãšãªãå®¶ç³»ããå®å®¶ããšããããããæ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠã¯å€ãããäžäœæš©åã«ããæ¯é
ã®ãããå°äœã§åºå¥ãããæ°ãããããå®å®¶ã®ç¶æ¿ã«ã¯è¡æãç¶ããå«¡æµç¶æ¿ããšãèœåãè³æ Œãå®äœãç¶ããæ°çç¶æ¿ãã®2ã€ã®è§£éããã£ããããã«è²¡ç£ãšããŠã®åå°ãçžç¶ããæ£é ãšããèãæ¹ããé€åãç¶åã®å¶åºŠãå ãããè€éåããŠããšã®è¡çµ±ãæå³ã倱ãããçµç·¯ããããåŸäžã¯ããããæ··åããŠäœ¿ãããã°ã«ãŒãã§ããå®¶ç³»ãçžç¶ã®é¢ä¿ãäžæãšãªãå Žåããã£ãã
å人ã®ç¹å®ã«ã¯å®¶ç³»(è±: family name , last name , surname)ã衚ããæ°ãã»ãå§ãã«å ãããåãã»ãåãã»ã諱ãã»ãè«¡ãã䜿ãããããåãã¯ãååããšãããšãã¯ãå§ããšåæ§ã«ã°ã«ãŒããæããããå§åããšãããšãã¯ãå§ãã«ç¶ããŠèšãããšã§å人ãç¹å®ããååãæãã以äžã§ã¯ãååããšããŠèª¬æããã
ããããå
šãŠäžŠã¹ãŠçšããç¿ä¿ãè€åãšããã埳å·å®¶åº·ã«åœãŠã¯ãããšããæºããæè£ãã埳å·ããæ¬¡éäžéãã家康ãã ãšãªãã ãŸãæå»·ããã¯ãæ£äžäœãã倧çžå äžåããèŽäœããããããåã«å ããå Žåãããã
ãã®ä»ãç«å Žã幎霢ãè·æ¥ãç®çãªã©ã§èªãå¥åãåä¹ã£ãããã»ãããåä»ãããããããããšããããéã«ã¯æ¬æ¥ã®ç®çã§ããå人ã®ç¹å®ã«è³ããªãããšãããã
æ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠã¯ãæžç±æ³ã«ãã£ãŠæžç±ãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããæŒ¢åã¯ç°¡åãªäººåçšæŒ¢åãã䜿çšããããæ±ºããããŠãããåé¡ã«ãªããããªåœåããªããããšãåœåæš©ã®æ¿«çšãšããŠåºçå±ãæåŠããããå€åœã«ãããŠã¯ãã¢ã€ã¹ã©ã³ã人ã®ååãªã©ã®ããã«äºåã®ãªã¹ãããéžã°ããããåé¡ãããåœåã«çœ°éåãå¶å®ãããŠããå Žåãããã
åäººãæ»äº¡ããåŸã¯ãè«¡ãããããª(èŽãå)ãããããã¯ãæåãããè«¡å·ããéãããšãããã家康ã®å Žåãããæ±ç
§å€§æš©çŸãã»ãå®åœé¢æ®¿ãã»ã埳è®ç€ŸåŽèœãã»ãéåãã»ã倧å±
士ãããšãªãã
çµå©ãå
æãåž°åãªã©ã®ç¯ç®ã§æ¹åããäºãããã
ããã°ã©ã ã«ãããŠã¯ãã¹ã³ãŒããç°ãªãéãäžææ§(å¯äžç¡äºã§ããããš)ãä¿èšŒããããšã¯èŠä»¶ãšãããŠããªãå Žåãå€ããäžææ§ãä¿èšŒããããã«åå空éãå°å
¥ããããšãããã
èªç¶ç§åŠã§ã¯ãæãååŠç©è³ªçãäžå®ã®æ³åã«ãã£ãŠåœåããã
åå·ã»ç€Ÿåã®ç±æ¥äžèЧã»ãã©ã³ãã»åæš
åååã«ã€ããŠã¯ãé¢é£ããããšã€ã¡ãŒãžãçµã³ã€ããããããå
šãé¢ä¿ããªãååãä»ããããšãçããã¯ãªãã
ä»ã«ã¯ãçå Žãªã©ã®ååãæééå®ã§èªç±ã«ä»ããæš©å©ã売買ããäºäŸãããã
西æŽçŸè¡å²ã«ãããŠãäœå®¶ãäœåã«ãé¡åããä»ããæåãšãªã£ãã®ã¯18äžçŽé ã®ããšã§ããããã®ããããã以åã®äœåã¯çŸè¡é€šãå€ãããšåäžäœåã§ãããªããå¥ã®ååãçšããããããŸããæ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠããŒããŒãŽã§ã³ã®ãéåœããšåŒã°ããäº€é¿æ²ç¬¬5çªã¯ãçã¿ã®èŠªã®ããŒããŒãŽã§ã³ããã€ãã§ã¯ãéåœããšããèªã¯äœ¿ãããŠããªãã
ã€ã«ã«ãããªã«ãªãã€ã³ã³ã¯ã芪ãªã©ããåœåãããååãåŒã³åãç¿æ§ãããã
ãŸããç«ãç¬ãªã©ã®ãããã¯ã人éããä»ããããååãèªåã®ååãšããŠèªèããèœåãããããŸããç«ã¯äººéã«ä»ããããåå±
ç«ã®ååãèªèããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D
|
6,183 |
UTF-8
|
UTF-8(ãŠãŒãã£ãŒãšãã¯ã¡ããŠãŒãã£ãŒãšããšã€ã)ã¯ISO/IEC 10646 (UCS) ãšUnicodeã§äœ¿ãã8ããã笊å·åäœ(1â4ãã€ãã®å¯å€é·)ã®æå笊å·å圢åŒããã³æå笊å·åã¹ããŒã ã
æ£åŒåç§°ã¯ãISO/IEC 10646ã§ã¯ âUCS Transformation Format 8âãUnicodeã§ã¯ âUnicode Transformation Format-8â ãšãããäž¡è
ã¯ISO/IEC 10646ãšUnicodeã®ã³ãŒãéè€ç¯å²ã§äºææ§ããããRFCã«ã仿§ãããã
2ãã€ãç®ä»¥éã«ã/ããªã©ã®ASCIIæåãçŸããªãããã«å·¥å€«ãããŠããããšãããUTF-FSS (File System Safe) ãšããããããæ§åç§°ã¯UTF-2ã
UTF-8ã¯ãããŒã¿äº€ææ¹åŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«åœ¢åŒãšããŠäžè¬çã«äœ¿ãããåŸåã«ããã
åœåã¯ããã«ç ç©¶æã«ãããŠPlan 9ã§çšãããšã³ã³ãŒããšããŠãããã»ãã€ã¯ã«ããèšèšæéã®ããšãã±ã³ã»ãã³ããœã³ã«ãã£ãŠèæ¡ãããã
ASCIIæåãšäºææ§ãæãããããã«ãASCIIãšåãéšåã¯1ãã€ãããã®ä»ã®éšåã2â6ãã€ãã§ç¬Šå·åããã4ãã€ãã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã§ã¯21ããã (0x1FFFFF) ãŸã§è¡šçŸããããšãã§ããããUnicodeã®ç¯å²å€ãšãªã17é¢ä»¥éã衚ããã®(U+10FFFFãã倧ããªãã®)ã¯åãä»ããªãã
ãŸãã5â6ãã€ãã®è¡šçŸã¯ãISO/IEC 10646ã«ããå®çŸ©ãšIETFã«ãããã€ãŠã®å®çŸ©ã§ãUnicodeã®ç¯å²å€ã笊å·åããããã«ã®ã¿äœ¿çšããããUnicodeã«ããå®çŸ©ãšIETFã«ããææ°ã®å®çŸ©ã§ã¯ã5â6ãã€ãã®è¡šçŸã¯äžæ£ãªã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã§ããã
åŸè¿°ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®é
ã«è©³çްã¯ãããã笊å·åã¯æå°ã®ãã€ãæ°ã§è¡šçŸããªããã°ãªããªãããã®ããããã€ãæ°ããšã«Unicodeã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ã®æå°å€(äžé)ãèšããŠããã
äŸãã°ã1ãã€ãã§è¡šçŸããASCIIæåã¯2ãã€ã以äžã§ã衚çŸã§ãããããã€ãæ°ããšã®äžéã«ãã£ãŠãããåé¿ããŠããã
ããããã¿ãŒã³ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ãªã£ãŠããã
* 第1ãã€ããE0ã®ãšãã«ç¬¬2ãã€ãã80-9Fã®ç¯å²ãããŸãã¯åF0ã®ãšãã«80-8Fã®ç¯å²ãåããã®ã¯åé·ãªç¬Šå·åãšãªãããèš±ãããªãã第1ãã€ããEDã®ãšãã«ç¬¬2ãã€ããA0以äžãšãªããã®ã¯ãµãã²ãŒããã¢ã®ããã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ã«ãããããŸãåF4ã®ãšãã«90以äžãšãªããã®ã¯Unicodeã®ç¯å²å€ãšãªããããUTF-8ã§ã¯ãã¯ãèš±ãããªãã
Unicodeã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ã2é²è¡šèšãããã®ããäžã®ããããã¿ãŒã³ã®x, yã«å³è©°ãã«æ ŒçŽãã(æå°ã®ãã€ãæ°ã§è¡šçŸãããããyã®éšåã«ã¯æäœ1åã¯1ãåºçŸãã)ã笊å·åããããã€ãåã¯ããã€ãé ã«é¢ãããå·Šããé ã«åºåããã
1ãã€ãç®ã®å
é ã®é£ç¶ããããã "1"(ãã®åŸã«ããã "0" ã1ã€ä»ã)ã®åæ°ã§ããã®æåã®ãã€ãæ°ããããããã«ãªã£ãŠããããŸãã2ãã€ãç®ä»¥éã¯ããããã¿ãŒã³ "10" ã§å§ãŸãã1ãã€ãç®ãš2ãã€ãç®ä»¥éã§ã¯å€ã®ç¯å²ãéãªããªãã®ã§ãæåå¢çã確å®ã«å€å®ã§ãããããªãã¡ãä»»æã®ãã€ãã®å
é ãããã "0" ã®å Žåã¯1ãã€ãæåã"10" ã®å Žåã¯2ãã€ã以äžã®æåã®2çªç®ä»¥éã®ãã€ãã"110" ã®å Žåã¯2ãã€ãæåã®å
é ãã€ãã"1110" ã®å Žåã¯3ãã€ãæåã®å
é ãã€ãã"11110" ã®å Žåã¯4ãã€ãæåã®å
é ãã€ãã§ãããšå€å®ã§ããã
7ãã€ã以äžã®æåã¯èŠå®ãããªãããã0xFE, 0xFFã¯äœ¿çšãããªãããã®ããããã€ãé ããŒã¯ (BOM) ã«0xFEãš0xFFã䜿çšããUTF-16ãUTF-32ããUTF-8ãšæ··åãããããšã¯ãªãã
UTF-16ã§ã¯ãµãã²ãŒããã¢ã§è¡šããããããªãåºæ¬å€èšèªé¢å€ã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ãUTF-8ã§è¡šãæã¯ã倿å
ãUTF-16ã§ãµãã²ãŒããã¢ã®æã«ã¯ U+D800âU+DBFF, U+DC00âU+DFFF ã衚ãUTF-8ã«ãã®ãŸãŸå€æãããã¯ãããU+10000âU+10FFFF ã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ã«ãã³ãŒãããŠãã倿ããããã®ãŸãŸUTF-8ã§ç¬Šå·åãããããªåã¯äžæ£ãªUTF-8ãšãããã
ãµãã²ãŒããã¢ã®ãŸãŸUTF-8ãšåçã®ç¬Šå·åãè¡ã笊å·åã¯ãCESU-8 (Compatibility Encoding Scheme for UTF-16: 8-Bit) ãšããŠå¥éå®çŸ©ãããŠãããå®çšã«äŸãããŠããäŸãšããŠã¯ãOracle Databaseã®ããŒãžã§ã³8以åã«ãããŠãUTF-8ãšããŠ3ãªã¯ããããŸã§ã®ãªã¯ãããåããæ±ããªãã£ãããã«å®çŸ©ããããã®ã§ãããæ¬æ¥ã®UTF-8ã«ããã4ãªã¯ãããåã®ä»£ããã«ããµãã²ãŒã笊å·äœçœ®ã衚ã3ãªã¯ãããåã®ãã¢(äžäœã ED A0 80âED AF BFãäžäœã ED B0 80âED BF BF)ã§è¡šçŸãããã
çŸåšã®Oracle Databaseã§ããCESU-8ããUTF8ããšããŠããæ®éã®UTF-8ãããAL32UTF8ããšããŠæ±ã£ãŠããããæ³šæãèŠãããMySQLã§ããutf8ããæå®ããå Žåã¯4ãªã¯ãããåãæ±ãããCESU-8çžåœã®ç¬Šå·åãå¿
èŠãšãã(4ãªã¯ãããå察å¿ã®UTF-8ã¯ãutf8mb4ããšããŠå¥éå®çŸ©ãããŠããããMySQL 5.5.3以éã§ãªããšäœ¿çšã§ããªã)ã
ãŸããJavaã®äžéšã®å
éšå®è£
ã§çšããããŠããModified UTF-8ãããµãã²ãŒããã¢ããã®ãŸãŸæ®ã仿§ãšãªã£ãŠããããã ããNULLæåãC0 80ãšãšã³ã³ãŒããã(ãããUTF-8èŠæ Œå€)ç¹ã§ãCESU-8ãšãç°ãªãå®è£
ãšãªã£ãŠããã
UTF-8ã®ãšã³ã³ãŒãäœç³»ã«ã¯åé·æ§ããããåãæåã笊å·åããã®ã«è€æ°ã®è¡šçŸãèãããã(äŸ: ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥èšå·ã§ããã/ãã 0x2F ãšãã1ãã€ãã§è¡šçŸããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã0xC0 0xAF ãšãã2ãã€ããããã¯ãããã倧ããªãã€ãæ°ã§è¡šçŸãã)ããã€ãŠã¯ãã®ãããªè¡šçŸã蚱容ãããŠãããããã£ã¬ã¯ããªãã©ããŒãµã«ãªã©ã®å¯ŸçãšããŠè¡ãããæå忀æ»ãåé·ãªè¡šçŸã«ããããæããææ³ãç¥ãããããã«ãªã£ããããçŸåšã®ä»æ§ã§ã¯æå°ã®ãã€ãæ°ã«ãã衚çŸä»¥å€ã¯äžæ£ãªUTF-8ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãšã¿ãªããªããã°ãªããªãã
ISO/IEC 10646ã®å®çŸ©ã5ãã€ã以äžã®è¡šçŸã蚱容ããŠããããšã«ãããæ£ãããªãå®è£
ãè¡ã£ããã°ã®ããã·ã¹ãã ã«ãããŠãšã³ã³ãŒãæã«ãããã¡ãªãŒããŒãããŒãçºçããå¯èœæ§ãææãããŠããã
UTF-8ã§ç¬Šå·ãããããã¹ãããŒã¿ã¯ãã€ãé ããŒã¯ (BOM) ã®ä»å ã¯äžèŠã§ãã(ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã«é¢ãããåãå
容ã«ãªãã®ã§)ã
ããããããã¹ãããŒã¿ãUTF-8ã§ç¬Šå·åãããŠããããšã®æšèãšããŠãããŒã¿ã®å
é ã«EF BB BF(16é²ãUCSã§ã®ãã€ãé ããŒã¯ U+FEFFã®UTF-8ã§ã®è¡šçŸ)ã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãBOMãšããŠä»å ããããšãèš±ããã(æšå¥šã¯ãããªã)ã
BOMä»ãã«ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããªãããã°ã©ã ã¯æšæºçã§ã¯ããããããã¯ãBOMãäœåãªããŒã¿ãšã¿ãªãã®ã§ãåé¡ãçããã
äŸãã°ãUnixç³»OSã«ãããå®è¡å¯èœã¹ã¯ãªããã¯ããã¡ã€ã«å
é ãã#!ãããå§ãŸããšããããã«ç¶ãæååãã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã®ã³ãã³ããšããŠèªèããããå€ãã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ããã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãååšãããšãã®æ©èœãåããå®è¡ã§ããªããPHPã§ã¯ã<?PHPã®åã«åºåããããããheader()颿°ã®å®è¡ã«å€±æããåå ãšãªããHLSLãGLSLã®ã·ã§ãŒããŒããã°ã©ã ã³ã³ãã€ã©(fxcãglslangValidator)ã¯BOMãåŠçã§ãããã³ã³ãã€ã«ãšã©ãŒãšãªãã
äžæ¹ãäžéšã®ããã¹ãåŠçã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³(ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ãªã©)ã§ã¯BOMãåæãšããåäœããããåæ§ã«ãã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ããªãå ŽåãUTF-8ãšèªèã§ããªãããã°ã©ã ãååšãããããšãã°ãMicrosoft Excelã§ã¯ãCSVãã¡ã€ã«ãéããšãããã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãä»å ãããŠããªãUTF-8ã®å Žåã¯æ£åžžã«èªã¿èŸŒãããšãã§ããæååããçãããMicrosoft Visual C++ã¯æ¢å®ã§BOMãªãUTF-8ãèªèãããã·ã¹ãã ãã±ãŒã«èšå®ã«å¿ãããã«ããã€ããšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¿ãªãããVisual C++ 2015以éã§ã¯ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãªãã·ã§ã³ãæå®ããããšã§BOMãªãUTF-8ãèªèããããšãã§ããããã«ãªã£ãã Windows 10ã®ã¡ã¢åž³ã¢ããªã¯ã2019幎ã®19H1ã¢ããããŒãããBOMç¡ãUTF-8ãããã©ã«ãã«ãªã£ãã
ãŸããBOMããªããšããšã³ã³ãŒãèªåæšå®ã«ãã£ãŠUTF-8ãšShift_JISãªã©ãåºå¥ããããšã®ã§ããããã°ã©ã ãããããASCIIéšä»¥å€ã®æåãå°ãªãå Žåã«èª€èªããããšãå€ãã
ãããã³ã«ãåžžã«UTF-8ã§ããããšã匷å¶ããŠãããã®ã§ããå Žåã¯ãã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãçŠæ¢ããã¹ãã§ããã®å Žåãã¡ã€ã«å
é ã«ãã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãçŸãããš âZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACEâ ãšèŠãªããããéã«ãããã³ã«ããããä¿èšŒããªãå Žåãã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã¯çŠæ¢ããããã¡ã€ã«å
é ã®ããã¯ãã€ãé ããŒã¯ãšèŠãªãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
|
6,184 |
UTF-16
|
UTF-16 (UCS/Unicode Transformation Format 16) ãšã¯ãUnicodeããã³ISO/IEC 10646ã®ã笊å·åãã©ãŒã ããã³ç¬Šå·åã¹ããŒã (æå笊å·åæ¹åŒãåç
§)ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ããã
UTF-16ã§ã¯ã1æåãã16ãããã®ç¬Šå·åäœã1ã€ãŸãã¯2ã€ã§ç¬Šå·åãããããããã-16ãã®åã®ç±æ¥ã§ãããåºæ¬å€èšèªé¢(BMP)å
ã®æåã¯ã笊å·åäœ1ã€ã®16ãããã§è¡šããããBMP以å€ã®æåã¯ã笊å·åäœ2ã€ã®32ãããã§è¡šãããããªããUTF-16ã¯2ãã€ãã³ãŒãã ãšèª€è§£ãããããšããããããã®ããã«4ãã€ãã®ããšãããããééãã§ããã
Unicodeã«ãããŠã¯ãå³å¯ã«ã¯ãæå笊å·åãã©ãŒã (è±: Character Encoding Form)ã®1ã€ã®åç§°ã§ããããã€ãUTF-16笊å·å圢åŒã®ããã®æå笊å·åã¹ããŒã (è±: Character Encoding Scheme)ã®1ã€ã®åç§°ã§ããããUTF-16笊å·åãã©ãŒã ã®ããã®æå笊å·åã¹ããŒã ã«ã¯ãUTF-16ã®ä»ã«UTF-16BEãUTF-16LEãããã
UTF-16ã§ã¯ãUnicodeã®ä»£çšç¬Šå·äœçœ®ãé€ãã笊å·äœçœ®(Unicodeã¹ã«ã©å€ãšãã)ãã16ããã笊å·ãªãæŽæ°ã笊å·åäœãšãã笊å·åäœåã§è¡šãã笊å·åäœåã¯1ã€ãŸãã¯2ã€ã®ç¬Šå·åäœãããªããããªãã¡ãåèšã¯16ããããŸãã¯32ãããã§ããã
BMPã«å«ãŸããU+0000âU+D7FFãšU+E000âU+FFFFã¯ããã®ãŸãŸç¬Šå·åäœ1ã€ã§è¡šããBMP以å€ã®U+10000âU+10FFFFã¯ã衚ã®ããã«ããããé
åããŠã笊å·åäœ2ã€ã§è¡šãã
ãã®ãšã䜿ããããU+D800âU+DFFF ã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ãã代çšç¬Šå·äœçœ®(Surrogate Code Point)ãšåŒã³ãBMPå€ã®1ã€ã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ã衚ãé£ç¶ãã2ã€ã®ä»£çšç¬Šå·äœçœ®ã®ãã¢ããµãã²ãŒããã¢ãšåŒã¶ã代çšç¬Šå·äœçœ®ã«äœ¿ããããBMPã®ãã®é åã«ã¯æåãåé²ãããŠããããUTF-16以å€ã®UTF-8ãUTF-32ã§ã¯äœ¿çšãããªãã
Unicodeã®ç¬Šå·äœçœ®ã®æå€§å€ãU+10FFFFãªã®ã¯ããããUTF-16ã§è¡šããæå€§å€ã ããã§ããã
UTF-16笊å·åãã©ãŒã ã§è¡šçŸãããæåã¯ã16ããã笊å·ãªãæŽæ°ã®ç¬Šå·åäœåã§ãããããã°ã©ã å
éšã§ã®åŠçã«ã¯éœåãããããããã§ãã£ãŠæ
å ±äº€æã®ããã«ãã¡ã€ã«ã®èªã¿æžããéä¿¡ãè¡ãå Žåã¯ãé©åœãªç¬Šå·åã¹ããŒã ã«ããããã€ãçŽååããå¿
èŠãããã
笊å·åã¹ããŒã ã«ã¯ãUTF-16ãUTF-16BEãUTF-16LEã®3çš®é¡ãããUTF-16BEã¯ã16ãããæŽæ°ãããã°ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã§çŽååãããUTF-16LEã¯ããªãã«ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã§çŽååãããUTF-16BEãUTF-16LEã®å Žåã¯ããã€ãé ããŒã¯ (BOM) ã®ä»äžã¯èš±ãããªããUTF-16ã®å Žåã¯ãBOM ã§ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ãæç€ºããããäžå±€ã®ãããã³ã«ã§æå®ãããŠãããBOMãä»äžããªãå Žåã¯ããã°ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã«ããããæ±ºããããŠããã
UTF-8ãUTF-32ãšæ¯èŒããŠãäžè¬çãªæ¥æ¬èªãäž»äœã®æç« ã§ã¯Unicode笊å·åæ¹åŒã®äžã§ã¯æå°ãµã€ãºãšãªãã远å é¢ã®æåãå«ãŸããå Žåããã€ãé ã«ãœãŒãããŠã笊å·äœçœ®é ãšã¯ãªããªãããŸããUTF-8ãšéãASCIIäºæã§ã¯ãªãã
Shift_JISãšæ¯èŒããŠãShift_JISã§ã¯1ãã€ãæåãšã2ãã€ãæåã®1ãã€ãç®ãš2ãã€ãç®ã®å€ç¯å²ãäžéšéè€ããŠããããUTF-16ã§ã¯1笊å·åäœæåããµãã²ãŒããã¢ã®ååã®ç¬Šå·åäœãåŸåã®ç¬Šå·åäœããã¹ãŠç°ãªãå€ç¯å²ãåãããã®ãããShift_JISã§ãã£ããäŸãã°ãaãã§æ€çŽ¢ãããš2ãã€ãç®ã«ãããããå Žåããããéäžããèªã¿ãããšæåã®åºåããããããªããšããããã1ãã€ãç®ã2ãã€ãç®ãæ¬ èœããå ŽåãåŸç¶ã®æåãã¹ãŠãæååãããå¯èœæ§ãããããªã©ã®åé¡ã¯çºçããªããUTF-16ã§ã¯æ¬ èœããã£ãŠã圱é¿ãåããã®ã¯ãã®æåã ãã§ããã
UTF-16笊å·åãã©ãŒã ã¯ãWindows ã Java(J2SE 5.0以äž)ã§ãå
éšè¡šçŸã«äœ¿ãããŠãããWindowsã®å
éšè¡šçŸã§ã¯ã16ããã笊å·ãªãæŽæ°ã笊å·åäœãšããUTF-16笊å·åãã©ãŒã ãšããŠæ±ãããã¡ã€ã«ãªã©ã§ã¯ãBOMãã(ãªãã«ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³)ã®UTF-16笊å·åã¹ããŒã ãäž»ã§ããã
TCP/IPãããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ã¯ããããã³ã«ããããMIMEçã®ææ®µã§æå笊å·åã¹ããŒã ãæå®ããªãå Žåã¯ãããã°ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã«æ±ºããããŠããã
çšèªã®æ¥æ¬èªè¡šèšã¯æ¬¡ãåèã«ãããâUnicode Terminology English - Japaneseâ. Unicode, Inc. 2010幎1æ1æ¥é²èЧã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16
|
6,186 |
Internet Engineering Task Force
|
The Internet Engineering Task Force(é åèª:IETFãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããæè¡ç¹å¥èª¿æ»å§å¡äŒ)ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããããããŠãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã»ãããã³ã«ã»ã¹ã€ãŒã(TCP/IP)ã®æè¡é¢ã«é¢ããNPOã§æšæºåå£äœã§ããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœé£éŠæ¿åºã®æ¯æŽã®ããšæŽ»åãéå§ããã1993幎以éã¯åœéçãªäŒå¡å¶ã®éå¶å©çµç¹ã§ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããœãµãšãã£ã®æ¯æŽã®ããšããã®æšæºåéçºéšéãšããŠæŽ»åããŠããããã©ã³ãã£ã¢ã§éå¶ãæ
ãèŠå¡ã®çµè²»ã¯ãäžè¬ã«ããããã®è·æ¥äžã®éçšäž»ãããã¯å©æå£äœãªã©åŸæŽè
ããåããŠããã
ãã®å£äœã¯ããããåºæã®äž»é¡ããšã«ã倿°ã®ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒã(äœæ¥éšäŒ(è±èª))ãšå奜ã®å£«ãéãŸããã ããé°å²æ°ã®åè°ã°ã«ãŒãã§æ§æããããã©ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«åãçµãããäž»ã«ãããã®ã°ã«ãŒãããããã ã¢ããã§æèšããæ¹åŒãçšããŠæŽ»åãããã°ã«ãŒãåäœã§åº§é·ãªããæ°åã®å
±å座é·ã眮ããã°ã«ãŒãã®æŽ»åã®è¶£æšãªãã³ã«æåŸ
ãããææãšéæææãæ²ç« ã«ãŸãšããŠããã
äŒå¡ã«åå èŠä»¶ãè³æ Œå¯©æ»ã幎äŒè²»ãªã©ã¯ãªããã¡ãŒãªã³ã°ãªã¹ãã«ç»é²ããããå£äœäž»å¬ã®äŒè°ã«åºåžããŠæŽ»åã«åå ãããäŒè°åå è²»ã¯2014幎7ææç¹ã§1å650ãã«ã2018幎åã°ã«å
šæ¥çšåå ã¯äžè¬875ãã«(æ©æå²åŒã§700ãã«)ã1æ¥åž375ãã«ãåŠç150ãã«ã§ãã£ãã
äŒè°ã§ã¯ãæçµçã«äœã決å®ãäžããªããã°ãªããªãå Žåã«ããã³ã°ã«ãã衚決(ã©ãã³ã³ã»ã³ãµã¹)ãåããšããç¹åŸŽãããã祚決ã¯è¡ããªãããŸãã»ãšãã©ã®äœæ¥ã¯ã¡ãŒãªã³ã°ãªã¹ããä»ããŠå®æœãããäŒè°ãžã®åºåžã¯ä»»æã§ãããã¡ãŒãªã³ã°ãªã¹ããä»ããäœæ¥ãå
·äœçãªç®æšåäœã§çµãŸãããããéæãããšã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒããè§£æ£ããããæ²ç« ãæŽæ°ããŠæ°ããã¿ã¹ã¯ãžç§»è¡ããã
åãçµãäž»é¡ã¯ããããã®ã°ã«ãŒãå
ã§åè°ããäž»é¡ãããšãªã¢ããšåŒã³äºéžã®ç®¡çè
(AD=area director)ã眮ãäœå¶ã§ãã»ãšãã©ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã¯å
±å管çè
2åã§é²è¡ããŠãããADã¯ãã®ã°ã«ãŒãã®ä»£è¡šãæšèŠããADãšIETFãã§ã¢ãæ§æãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããéçºéå¶ã°ã«ãŒã IESG(è±èª)ããå£äœå
šäœã®éå¶ã«è²¬ä»»ãè² ãã2014幎æç¹ã«æ±ã£ãäž»é¡ã¯ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå
šè¬(General)ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããããªãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšç®¡çããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã»ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãã®åºç€ãã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ããã©ã³ã¹ããŒãã«ããã£ãã
å€éšæ©é¢ãªãã³ã«RFCç·šéè
ãšIETFã®äº€æžã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£å§å¡äŒ(IAB)ãç£ç£ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããéçºã®é·æçãªæè¡ã®æ¹åæ§ã決ããããŸãIETFã«ããžã¹ãã£ã¯ã¹ä»ã®ãµããŒããæäŸããéšéããIETFçµå¶ãµããŒã掻åã(IETF Administrative Support Activity=IASA)(è±èª)ãšãããIABãšãIETFãªãŒããŒãµã€ãå§å¡äŒã(IETF Administrative Oversight Committee=IAOC)ã¯ãã®ç£ç£ãæ
ããIABã¯ããã«IETFãããŸããŸãªäŒç»ã§é£æºãããããžã§ã¯ãç¹ååã®Internet Research Task Force(IRTF)éå¶ã«ãåç»ããã
ããã«åæããIESGãIABãIAOCã¯ããã®åœ¹è·ã®ä»»åœãšåä»»ã眷å
ã#æšèŠå§å¡äŒ(NomCom)ã«å§ä»»ããåå§å¡äŒã¯ãIETFäŒå¡10åãšå§å¡é·1åã§æãç«ã€ãåå§å¡ã¯IETFäŒè°ã®åžžé£ã®ãã©ã³ãã£ã¢ããéžã¶ããããŸã§NomComè£å®ã®çœ·å
ã¯çºçããŠããªããã®ã®ãèŸä»»ã«äŒŽãåéžã¯äœåºŠããã£ãã
IETFãæ¿åºç®¡æãé¢ãã1993幎以éããã®æŽ»åã®äºç®ãªãã³ã«æ³åŸäžã®æ çµã¿ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããœãµãšãã£ããäŸäžãåããIETFãšãã®å§åйçµç¹ã®IABãIRTFã¯åç¶ããŠãããIETFã®æŽ»åè³éã«ã¯åãœãµãšãã£ãIETFäŒæ¥äŒå¡ãšããŠåå è²»ãæ¯åŒããäŒè°åå è²»ãšäŒè°ã®ã¹ãã³ãµãŒåå
¥ãçµã¿å
¥ããã»ããå
¬çå£äœãšããŠen:Public Interest Registry(ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããœãµãšãã£ã®åäž)ããè£å©éãå絊ããŠããã
2005幎12æã«èšç«ããIETFè©è°äŒã¯ãåœå£äœãèäœæš©ãä¿æããèäœç©ã®ç®¡çãæ
åœããã
ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããéçºéå¶ã°ã«ãŒã(IESG)ãæ§æããIETFã®ãšãªã¢ç®¡çè
ãšãã§ã¢ããŒãœã³ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããæšæºã®æè¡æ»å®ã®æçµå€æãäžããIETFã®æ¥åžžç®¡çã®è²¬ä»»ãè² ããã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒãããæèšãããæ±ºè°èŠè«ãè«®ããè§£èª¬ææžãæšæºã®ãã©ãã¯(è±èª)ã«å çãããã©ããè£å®ããã
IESGå§å¡é·ã¯IETFãã§ã¢ããŒãœã³ãå
Œåããåè¿°ã®ãšãªã¢ã®ãã¡ãå
šè¬ãã«å±ãããæ¬¡ã®ãšãªã¢ã¯ADã2åãã€ããã®å§å¡äŒã«éãåºãã
å§åйçµç¹ãšã®çªå£ãšãªãé£çµ¡å¡(ãªãšãŸã³)ãšãå
Œåè
ãšããŠæ¬¡ã®åœ¹å²ãèšããã
ãã§ã¢ããŒãœã³ã¯æšèŠå§å¡äŒã«ãã£ãŠéžã°ããä»»æ2幎ã§åéžãèªããã1993å¹Žã«æ¿åºç®¡æãé¢ãããŸã§ã¯ä»£è¡šã¯IABãæåããŠãã
以äžã®äººã
ã代衚ãåããŠããã
æ©é¢èª
æ¬æã®å
žæ 以å€ã®è³æãçºè¡é ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force
|
6,189 |
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
|
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANAãã¢ã€ã¢ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããçªå·å²åœæ©é¢)ãšã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã«é¢é£ããèå¥åã管çããæ©èœã§ãããIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã»ãã¡ã€ã³åã»ããŒãçªå·çã®å²ãåœãŠã»ç®¡çãªã©ãè¡ãã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®åã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å€§åŠã®ISIæå±ã®ãžã§ã³ã»ãã¹ãã«ãäžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠå§ãããåœåã¯éå¶è²»çšã®äžéšãã¢ã¡ãªã«æ¿åºã«ããæŽå©ãããŠããã1998幎ã«ICANNãçºè¶³ãããªã©ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®ç®¡çäœå¶ãå€åãã2000幎ã«ãã®åœ¹å²ã¯ICANNã«åŒãç¶ãããIANAã¯ICANNã«ãããæ©èœã®åç§°ãšãªã£ãã2016幎ããã¯ICANNã®åäŒç€Ÿã§ããPublic Technical Identifiers (PTI) ããã®æ©èœãæ
ã£ãŠããã
XML宣èšã«èšè¿°ãããšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®ååã¯ãIANAã«ç»é²ããããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã»ããåã䜿çšãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority
|
6,190 |
é¿åŒ¥éäžå°
|
é¿åŒ¥éäžå°(ãã¿ã ãããã)ã¯ã仿ã«ãããä»åå®çœ®åœ¢åŒã®äžã€ã§ããã
é¿åŒ¥éåŠæ¥ãäžå°ãšãããã®å·Šå³ã«å·ŠèäŸã®èгé³è©è©ãšãå³èäŸã®å¢è³è©è©ãé
ããäžå°åœ¢åŒã§ãããæ ¹æ ã¯ãç¡é寿çµãã»ã芳ç¡é寿çµãã§ããã
芳é³è©è©ã¯é¿åŒ¥éåŠæ¥ã®ãæ
æ²ããããããå身ãšãããå¢è³è©è©ã¯ãæºæ
§ããããããå身ãšãããã
èäŸã®èгé³è©è©ã¯ãé äžã®é«»ã®æ£é¢ã«é¿åŒ¥éã®åä»(ãã¶ã€)ã衚ããå¢è³è©è©ã¯åãäœçœ®ã«æ°Žç¶ã衚ãã®ã§ãäž¡èäŸã¯æ¯èŒçåºå¥ãã€ããããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãæ±äº¬åœç«åç©é€šãåèµãããé
é é¿åŒ¥éåŠæ¥åäž¡èäŸå(æ³é寺ç®çŽ)ã(éèŠæå財ãé£é³¥æä»£)ããæ©äžå代ã®å¿µæä»ãšäŒããããæ³é寺ã®ãé
é é¿åŒ¥éåŠæ¥åäž¡èäŸå(äŒæ©å€«äººå¿µæä»)ã(åœå®ãé£é³¥æä»£ã倧å®èµé¢åèµ)ãªã©ãå€ãäœäŸã§ããã
äž»ã«äžèšã®åœ¢åŒãããã
äžå°ã¯ååãèäŸã¯è·ªåãšãããã®ã¯ãæ¥è¿åœ¢åŒã®é¿åŒ¥éäžå°åã§ããããã®å Žåãå·ŠèäŸã®èгé³è©è©ã¯åŸçè
ãè¿ãåãããã®è®å°ãæ§ãæã¡ãå³èäŸã®å¢è³è©è©ã¯åæããäŸãå€ãã äžå°ã¯å³æãæœç¡çã®å°ãå·Šæãåå°ãçµãã åãäžè¬çã§ããã
ãŸããå°èµè©è©ãšéŸæš¹è©è©ãå«ããŠäºå°åãšããäœäŸãã¿ãããã
ã倪åãã¯ãåœå®æå®åç§°ã
ã倪åãã¯ãéèŠæå財æå®åç§°ã
äžè¬ã«äžå°åãå
ã¿èŸŒãããã«å€§åã®åŸèãä»ãããã®ãäžå
äžå°åœ¢åŒãšåŒã¶ãéåæä»£ã«æµåå®ã«ãã£ãŠãåå
寺ã®é¿åŒ¥éäžå°åãæš¡ãããã®ã¯äžå
äžå°åœ¢åŒããšããé¿åŒ¥éåŠæ¥ãæ¬å°ãäž¡èäŸã芳é³ãå¢è³ãšã¿ãªããšæ±ºãããã以æ¥ãã®åœ¢åŒããåå
寺åŒé¿åŒ¥éäžå°ããšåŒã¶ã
åå
寺åŒé¿åŒ¥éäžå°ã®å
ãšãªã£ããä¿¡å·åå
å¯ºã®æ¬å°ãäžå
äžå°é¿åŒ¥éåŠæ¥åã(æ¬å ã®ç çå£å
éšã«å®çœ®)ã¯ãã絶察ç§ä»ãã§ããã ãæ¶æ¡ç¥èšãã®äžã®ãåå
寺çžèµ·ããªã©ã«ããã°ãäžå°ã¯äžå°ºäºå¯ž(çŽ50ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«)ãäž¡èäŸã¯äžå°º(çŽ33.3ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«)ãšæ³éãèšãããŠããã
ãã®ç§ä»æ¬å°ãæš¡ããŠäœããããšãããåç«æ¬å°ãéé
é¿åŒ¥éåŠæ¥åäž¡èäŸç«åãäžå
äžå°ä»/(å
仿®¿å®çœ®)ãã(éåæä»£)ã¯ãéèŠæåè²¡ã«æå®ãããŠããã
ãã®åç«æ¬å°ãããåå
寺åç«æ¬å°åŸ¡éåž³ã以å€ã¯éå
¬éã§åŸ¡å®åº«ã«åèµãããŠãããæã®å€è¡ãæ³èŠãªã©ã®éãããæéã®ã¿ç çå£ã®åã®éè²ã®å¹ãäžãããéè²ã«åœ©ãããç çå£ãéšåçã«æèŠ³ã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BC%A5%E9%99%80%E4%B8%89%E5%B0%8A
|
6,193 |
転å (çç©åŠ)
|
転å(ãè±: Transcription)ãšã¯ãäžè¬ã«æè²äœãŸãã¯ãªã«ã¬ãã©ã®DNAã®å¡©åºé
å(éºäŒå)ãå
ã«ãRNA(転åç£ç©transcription product )ãåæãããããšããããéºäŒåãæ©èœããããã®éçš(éºäŒåçºçŸ)ã®äžã€ã§ãããã»ã³ãã©ã«ãã°ãã®æåã®æ®µéã«ãããã
転åã¯èšå€§ãªçš®é¡ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãšRNAãå¿
èŠãªææã«å¿
èŠãªéãæ£ç¢ºã«åæããããã®éèŠãªä»£è¬éçšã§ããããã®éèŠã§é£è§£ãªäœæ¥ãæåãããããã«ãçç©ã¯éºäŒåãæŽ»çšãããéºäŒåã¯å®å®ãªDNAã®å¡©åºé
åã§èšé²ãããçç©ã¯ãããšåãé
åã®RNAãåæããããšãã§ãããããã転åã§ãããäŸãã°tRNAãªã©ã転åãããããŸãéºäŒå(ãšãããåãåã£ãRNA)ã®äžã«ã¯ç¹å®ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã®ããããéºäŒæ
å ±ã«åºã¥ããŠã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäœãããšãããã®éºäŒåãçºçŸ expression ãããšãããããã®å段éãšããŠç¹ã«è»¢åã¯éèŠã§ããã
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãåæããããã«å¿
èŠãªRNAã¯äŒä»€RNA(ã¡ãã»ã³ãžã£ãŒRNA messenger RNA:mRNA) ã§ãããããã®åæéçšã¯çš®ã«ãã£ãŠå€§ãã«ç°ãªããåæ žçç©ã§ã¯mRNAã転åããããšãã§ããã®ã«å¯Ÿããçæ žçç©ã¯è»¢åã§äœã£ãRNA(äžæ¬¡è»¢åç£ç© primary transcript )ã«Pre-mRNA ã¹ãã©ã€ã·ã³ã°ãªã©ã®ãããªã段éãçµãªããã°mRNAãåŸãããšãã§ããªããçæ žçç©ã«ãããmRNAãç¹ã«æçmRNAãæçããåã®RNAãmRNAåé§äœãšåŒã¶ããŸãã転åããçŽæ¥åæããRNAã転åç£ç© transcription product ãšåŒã¶ã
äžè¬ã«è»¢åã«ã¯éå§ã䌞é·ãçµçµã®éçšãããããŸãéå§ã«ããããŸã§ã«æ§ã
ãªè»¢å調ç¯å åã転åã®æŽ»æ§åãæå¶ã«é¢ãã£ãŠãããè¿å¹Žã¯ã¯ãããã³æ§é ãéããŠã®è»¢åå¶åŸ¡æ©æ§ã泚ç®ãããŠãããåºæ¬çãªæ©æ§ã¯ããããçç©ã§å
±éããŠããããåãã¡ã€ã³(çç©ãåé¡ããæäžäœéçŽ)ããšã®éãã¯ãã倧ããã现èã¯çްè質äžã§è»¢åãè¡ããè»¢åæ©æ§ãåçŽã§ãããäžæ¹ãçæ žçç©ã¯ã転åãçŽ°èæ žå
ã§ã®ã¿è¡ãã倿°ã®é
µçŽ ãé¢ãè€éãªæ©æ§ã䜿ã£ãŠãããæåŸã®å€çްèã¯ã现è質äžã§è»¢åãè¡ãç¹ã¯çްèãšåãã ããè»¢åæ©æ§ãã®ãã®ã¯çæ žçç©ã«é¡äŒŒããŠããã
転åç£ç©ã¯RNAåæé
µçŽ RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒ RNA polymerase (DNAäŸåæ§RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒ DNA-dependent RNA polymerase )ã«ããåæãããããã®é
µçŽ ã¯ssDNAãšçµåãããšããããšçžè£çãªRNAéãåæããããããã£ãŠãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãçµåããæ¹ãé³åétemplate strand ãŸãã¯è»¢åé;(-)éãããçæ¹ã¯éé³åé nontemplate strand ãããã¯é転åé;(+)éã§ããããŸãã転åç£ç©ã(-)éãšçžè£çã§ãããããã®å¡©åºé
åã¯(+)éã«çããããã£ãŠã(+)éãããéºäŒæ
å ±ãä¿æããŠãããšãããã³ãŒãé coding strand ãŸãã¯ã»ã³ã¹é sense strand (ã»ã³ã¹=æå³)ãšããããããã«ã¡ãªãã§(-)éãã¢ã³ãã³ãŒãéãã¢ã³ãã»ã³ã¹é antisense strand ãšããããã ãã転åç£ç©ãš(+)éã¯å®å
šã«åãååšãšããããã§ã¯ãªãã(+)éã«ãããããã³ã¯è»¢åç£ç©ã§ãŠã©ã·ã«ã«çœ®ãæãã£ãŠããããDNAãšRNAãšããéããå¿ããŠã¯ãªããªãã
DNAäžã®ã©ãããã©ããŸã§ã転åã®ç¯å²ãšãããã¯(-)éã®å¡©åºé
åã«ããæ±ºãŸã£ãŠããããã®ç¯å²ã転ååäœ transcription unit ãšããŠãªããã³ operon ãšããã现èã®DNAã«ã¯æ°çŸã®ãªããã³ããããçæ žçްèã§ã¯æ°åã®ãªããã³ãæã€ã
転åã«ãããéå§æ®µé initiation ã§ã¯ãŸãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãã¯ãã転åã«é¢ããé
µçŽ ãDNAäžã®è»¢åéå§éšäœã«çµåããããã®éšäœã¯ãªããã³ã®5'åŽæ«ç«¯ã§ãããããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒ promoter ãšãããçµåããåé
µçŽ ã¯è€åäœ(ããé
µçŽ )ãæããããã®æ§é ã¯é åºã ã£ãŠå€é·ããããéå§æ®µéã¯ããã«3ã€ã«åãããããåãã¯çµã¿èŸŒãã DNAãäºéãããã®ãŸãŸã§ããééåè€åäœ closed complex:PRc ã§ãããã転åã¯ssDNAã§ãªããšå®è¡ã§ããªãã第2段éãšããŠãããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãã»ã©ããéæŸåè€åäœ open complex:PR0 ãšãssDNAé åã®è»¢åããã« ribonucleoside triphosphate (å
端ãè§£é¢ç¹ unwinding point ãåŸç«¯ãå·»ãçŽãç¹ rewinding point ãšãã)ã圢æããã転åç£ç©ã®å§ãŸããšãªãçŽ10nt(ãã¯ã¬ãªãã)ã®åæãæåŸã®æ®µéãšããŠè¡ããRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãåæŽ»èºãããã®ææã¯åæè»¢åè€åäœ initial transcribing complex ãšåŒã³ãäŒžé·æ®µéã«åããŠããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒããè±åºããã
äŒžé· Elongationã®æ®µéã§æ¬æ Œçã«è»¢åç£ç©ã®åæãè¡ããããRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã¯çµåããŠããDNAã®å¡©åºãæ£ç¢ºã«èå¥ãã4ã€ã®ãªããã¯ã¬ãªã·ãäžãªã³é
ž ribonucleoside triphosphate (ATPãGTPãCTPãUTP)ã®äžãããããšçžè£çãªãã®ãéžã¶ããããŠãçŽåã®éå§æ®µéã§åæãããçãRNAéã®5'æ«ç«¯ã«ä»å ããããããæžããšRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãšè»¢åããã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®å¡©åºãžãšç§»åããåã³RNAéã«ãªããã¯ã¬ãªã·ãäžãªã³é
žãä»å ããããã®åå¿ã«ã¯é²ãæ¹åãæ±ºãŸã£ãŠãããRNAã®5'æ«ç«¯ãã3'æ«ç«¯ãžãéå¹³è¡ã®(-)éã«ãšã£ãŠã¯3'æ«ç«¯ãã5'æ«ç«¯ãžåãããéãéããDNAã¯åäŒåããããããç¹°ãè¿ããŠRNAã¯äŒžé·ãã転åç£ç©ãäœãããŠããã
çµçµ termination ã¯ãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãéºäŒåæ«ç«¯ã«ããã¿ãŒãããŒã¿ãŒ terminator ãŸã§æ¥ããšèµ·ãããã¿ãŒãããŒã¿ãŒã¯RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãšååããªãã転åç£ç©ãšDNAãšã®çµåãåããRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãããDNAãããè§£é¢ãããã
现èã«ãããè»¢åæ©æ§ã¯å€§è
žèã«ãããŠç¹ã«è¯ã調ã¹ãããŠãããåºæ¬çãªæ©æ§ã¯ä»ã®çç©ã§ãåãã§ãããã现éšã«ã¯éããèŠããããç¹ã«çæ žçç©ã§ã¯æ©æ§ãããªãè€éã§ãããéå§æ®µéã«ãããç¹ã«å€§ããªéãã¯ã现èã®RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã¯åç¬ã§è»¢åãå§ããããšãã§ããããçæ žçç©ã¯ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã«çµåããã®ã«ãæ§ã
ãªã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãèŠããã
现èã®è»¢åéå§ã¯æ¬¡ã®4ã€ã®æ®µéãçµãã1RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãèªèããééåè€åäœã圢æããããã®è€åäœã®DNAãšã®çµåã¯å¯éçã§ãããå¹³è¡¡å®æ°(KB)ã¯10ã10 Mã§ããã2ééåããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒè€åäœãéæŸåè€åäœã«å€æãããäžå¯éçã§ãããåå¿éåºŠå®æ°(k2)ã¯10ã10ã§ããã3ããã«åæè»¢åè€åäœ initial transcribing complex ãšãªããããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã«çãŸã£ãŠããéã«10nt(ãã¯ã¬ãªãã)ãåæã4転åç£ç©ã®å
é§ããååã«é·ããªããšãäŒžé·æ®µéã«ç§»è¡ããããããé
µçŽ ã®ç«äœæ§é ãå€åããããã®éçšãããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãªã¢ã©ã³ã¹ promoter clearance ãšåŒã¶ã4ãã䌞é·éå§ãŸã§ãããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãªã¢ã©ã³ã¹æé promoter clearance time ãšãããçããŠã1ã2ç§ã¯ãããã
1ãã2ãžã®å€åã¯ç°æ§å isomerization ãŸãã¯åŒ·ãçµå tight binding ãšåŒã³ãèè§£ã¯-11ãã3ã®çãé åã§èµ·ãããÏãšè€åäœã圢æããRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã®å Žåã以éã«ãèª¿ç¯æ©æ§ããããšã¯ãããå®è³ªçã«äžå¯éãªããæžãã°ã»ãŒç¢ºå®ã«è»¢åãå§ãŸããç°æ§åã«ã¯ããé
µçŽ ã®èããå€åã2ã€ããã第äžã«ããé
µçŽ ã®Î²ãšÎ²'ãµããŠãããã¯äžæµDNAããã£ããåºå®ããã第äºã¯Ïã®é å1.1ã50Ã
ç§»åããŠé
µçŽ ã®å€åŽã«åºãããšã§ãããDNAãšçµåããŠãªããšããé å1.1ã¯ããé
µçŽ ã®æŽ»æ§äžå¿æºã«ãããéæŸåè€åäœã«ããé³åéã®éãéãå¡ããDNAãšåæ§ã«è² ã«è·é»ããŠãããããDNAãšçµåããããåŒ·ãæ£è·é»ã®æŽ»æ§äžå¿æºã§æ¬æ
ããåå molecular mimic ãšããŠæ¯ãèãããã§ãããç§»åã«ããéæŸã§DNAã¯å
¥ããããã«ãªãã
3ã®RNAåæã¯äŒžé·æ®µéã§ã®ãããšæ¯ã¹ã次ã«ç޹ä»ãã2ã€ã®çç±ã«ããè€éãªéçšãçµããã»ãšãã©ã®è»¢åã¯Aããå§ãŸãããåæãããçŽåŸã«ãããæ¯ããã®ã¯DNAãšã®2æ¬ã®åŒ±ãæ°ŽçŽ çµåã ãã§ããããã®ããããé
µçŽ ã¯1çªç®ãš2çªç®ã®ãªããã¯ã¬ãªããããæ¬¡ã«æ¥ãNTPãååŠæ»æã§ããç¶æ
ã§åºå®ããªããã°ãªããªããåžžã«åããªããã¯ã¬ãªããããå§ãŸãã®ã¯ããé
µçŽ ãç¹ç°çã«çµåããããã§ãããã
第äºã®çç±ã¯è»¢åéå§ã®å€±æ abortive initiation ã§ãããéå§æ®µéã§10nt以äžã®RNAãåæããããããã°ãã°ããé
µçŽ ã¯ããã«æºããªãRNAãæŸåºããŠãæåããåæãããçŽããæŸæ£ããã転åç£ç©ãã¢ããŒãã£ã転åç£ç© abortive transcripts ãšããããã®å®ãã®ãªã(æçŸ©ã¯ããããã£ãŠããªã)éçšãç¹°ãè¿ããªããã°æ¬¡ã®äŒžé·æ®µéãžãšç§»ããªãããã®éã«ããé
µçŽ ãã©ã®ããã«DNAäžãç§»åããŠãããã¯ã¯ã£ããããŠãããã3ã€ã®ã¢ãã«ãæå±ãããŠããã
çŸåšã§ã¯ããå¯ãã¢ãã«ãçå®ã«è¿ããšäºæ³ãããŠãããæ ¹æ ã®äžã€ã¯ã転ååæã®RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã¯DNAäžã鿢ããäžæµDNAãã»ã©ããŠå
éšãžåŒã蟌ããšããåååè§£æã®çµæã§ããã
10nt以äžã®RNAåæã«æåãããšãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã¯ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãè±åº escape ããŠäŒžé·æ®µéãžçªå
¥ãã(4)ãåæãããRNAã¯ããé
µçŽ å
éšã§å¡©åºå¯Ÿã圢æããŠãããããããåãŸããããªããªã£ãŠRNAåºå£éè·¯ãžæãããŸããããé
µçŽ ãšããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒéã®çµåã¯å
šãŠæã€ãããé
µçŽ ã®æ§æèŠçŽ ã®äžã€ã§ããÏãµããŠããããæ¬äœãšã®çµåã匱ããªããè±åºã«åœãããããå¯ãã¢ãã«ã§ã»ã©ãããDNAãå·»ãæ»ããåæã«è»¢åããã«ã22ã24ntãã12ã14ntã«çž®ãããã®éçšãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒ-ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãšã³ã¢é
µçŽ -ã·ã°ããµããŠãããéã®çµåã®åæã«èŠããèªç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒãäŸçµŠããã
äŒžé·æ®µéã§DNAã¯éæŸåè€åäœã®æãšåæ§ã«ããé
µçŽ å
ãéãã巚倧ãªÎ²ãšÎ²âãµããŠãããã®éã«äžæµåãå
¥ã蟌ã¿ãå
¥ãå£ã§åé¢ããŠå¥ã
ã®éãåŸããããããå°çšã®éè·¯ã«åºãåŸãããé
µçŽ ã®èã§äºéããããåæ§æãããåºè³ªã®ãªããã¯ã¬ãªã·ãäžãªã³é
žãå°çšã®å
¥ãå£ããå
¥ããé³åéãšå¡©åºå¯Ÿåœ¢æããŠããã®ã¯äŒžé·äžã®3âæ«ç«¯ã®8ã9ntã ãã§ãã»ãã®å¥ãããéšåã¯RNAåºå£éè·¯ããå€ãžåºãã
転åããã«ã®å€§ããã¯äŒžé·æ®µéãéããŠäžå®ã§ãããé
µçŽ ã¯1bp(å¡©åºå¯Ÿ)ã»ã©ããšåæã«åŸæ¹ã§1bpåäŒåããããDNAã®ãããªäºéãããã®é«ååãé
µçŽ ãã»ã©ããšããæ»ãããŠããŸãããšã倧ããªåé¡ãšãªãããããè§£æ¶ãã€ã€è»¢åããã«ãç§»åãããæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯2éãèããããŠãããäžã€ã¯ãé³åéã®äžæµãäºéããããç·©ããããå転ãã転åãããåŸã«å·»ãæ»ããšãããã®ãããããå転ã«ãã£ãŠDNAã®ç«äœæ§é ã«å€§ããªã²ãã¿ãçãããšã¯é¿ããããªãããã®ã²ãã¿ã¯ãDNAã¹ãŒããŒã³ã€ã«(DNA supercoil)ãããã¯DNAè¶
ããã(DNA superhelix)ãšåŒã°ãããDNAè€è£œã«ãåãåé¡(DNAè€è£œ#DNAã®ãããã®è§£æ¶ãåç
§)ã¯çããããããã®ã²ãã¿ãè§£æ¶ããã®ããããã€ãœã¡ã©ãŒãŒ(topoisomerase)ãšåŒã°ããé
µçŽ çŸ€ã§ãããã»ãã«ãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãdsDNAã®æ©ããã«æ²¿ã£ãŠå転ããããšã§å·»ãæ»ããšãã説ãããããããªãã°ãããã®åé¡ã¯èµ·ããªãããå転ã«ã¯å€§ããªãšãã«ã®ãŒãå¿
èŠãšèããããããŸãã転åç£ç©ã¯DNAã«å·»ãã€ããŠDNAã®åäŒåãé»ãããšã«ãªããããããã»ã©ãé
µçŽ ã¯ããŸã çºèŠãããŠããªãã
RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã¯è»¢åäžãã³ãã³1ã6ç§äžæåæ¢ãããæã«ã¯åŸæ»ãããããšãããã転åã®å¹³åçãªé床ã¯é
ããçç±ã¯å°ãªããšã2ã€ããã1ã€ç®ã¯ãã£ãšé
ã翻蚳ã«åãããããã§ãããã¢ããã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã翻蚳ã倱æããŠè»¢åãäžæããªããã°ãªããªãå Žåã«å¿
èŠã§ããã2ã€ç®ã¯ãäžæåæ¢ãæ¬¡ã®é
ã§è§£èª¬ãã#现èã®çµçµã«ãããç¬¬äžæ®µéã§ããããã§ããã
RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã¯è»¢åç£ç©ã®å¡©åºé
åã«èª€ãããªããã®æ ¡æ£ã2çš®é¡ã®æ¹æ³ã§è¡ãã1ã€ç®ã¯ãééã£ãŠä»å ãããªããã¯ã¬ãªã·ãäžãªã³é
žã掻æ§éšäœã®éåå¿ã§é€å»ããå ãããªã³é
žåè§£æ ¡æ£ pyrophosphorolytic editing ã§ããããªããã¯ã¬ãªã·ãäžãªã³é
žãšã®åå¿ã¯3'æ«ç«¯ããäºãªã³é
žã奪ãã®ã§ãä»ãçŽããè¡ããæ£ããå¡©åºå¯ŸããæŽ»æ§éšäœã«é·ãçãŸããããééã£ãå¡©åºå¯Ÿãããéåå¿ãåããã2ã€ç®ã¯å æ°Žåè§£æ ¡æ£ hydrolytic editing ã§ã1åãããã¯ãã以äžã®ãã¯ã¬ãªããã®è·é¢ãåŒãè¿ããééããå«ãå¡©åºé
åãåãé¢ãã
å æ°Žåè§£æ ¡æ£ãšãšãã«äŒžé·èªäœãä¿é²ããGreå åãããããã®å åã¯äŒžé·åå¿ãå¹çãããã転åã®é£ããæã§åæ»ãããªãããã«ãããäŒžé·æ®µéã§ããé
µçŽ ã«å ããã䌞é·ãšçµçµãå©ããNusã¿ã³ãã¯ãšããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªçŸ€ãçºèŠãããŠããã
RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãéäžã§è»¢åããããå Žåããããåå ã®å€ãã¯DNAã®æå·ã§ããããããã«åºäŒããšããããå
ã®è»¢åãç¶è¡ã§ããªãããã«ã忢ããã°ã»ãã®ããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã劚害ããŠããŸããããã«å¯ŸåŠãããããTRCF transcription-repair coupling factor ã¯åæ¢ããRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãçºèŠãããšãã¯ã¬ãªããé€å»ä¿®åŸ©ã¿ã³ãã¯(ãšã³ããã¯ã¬ã¢ãŒãŒUvrAãBãC)ãæéããRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãDNAããé¢ããRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã¯ä¿®åŸ©ã¿ã³ãã¯ãæå·ã«è¿ã¥ããããã«ããããšããããããã転åãšå
±åœ¹ãã修埩 transcription-coupled repair ãšããã
RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãéºäŒåé
åã®è»¢åãçµããŠãåå¿ã¯çµãããªãã転åã確å®ã«çµããããããã«ãéºäŒåé
åã®äžæµã«ååšããéæ¹åå埩é
å inverted repeats ã¯è»¢åãããæãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã«å¹²æžããããã®éºäŒåé
åãåãåã£ãRNAé åã¯è£å¡©åºå士ãçµåãããŠã¹ãã ã«ãŒãæ§é stem-loop (ãã¢ãã³æ§é hairpin loop )ãäœãããããã転åçµçµã®ã«ã®ã§ããã倧è
žèã®çµçµã®æ¹æ³ã¯æ¬¡ã®2ã€ã
mRNAã¯3'åŽã«ãéºäŒåé
åãã®ãã®ãããé·ãé
åãæã£ãŠããããã®é
åããã¬ã€ã©ãŒã»ã°ã¡ã³ããšåŒã¶ã転åã®çµçµããmRNAã¯ã茞éã修食ãªã©ã¯ç¹ã«è¡ãªããããããã«ç¿»èš³éçšã«åããã ã¹ãã©ã€ã·ã³ã°åå¿ãã¯ãããšããæ§ã
ãªä¿®é£Ÿãæœãçæ žçç©ãšã¯å€§ãã«ç°ãªãã
ãã®å Žåã®ã¿ãŒãããŒã¿ãŒã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®è£å©ãªãã§ç¬èªã§RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã«äœçšãã転åç£ç©ãè§£æŸããããå
å æ§ã¿ãŒãããŒã¿ãŒ intrinsic terminator ãšãããã®å¡©åºé
åã¯ã20ntã»ã©ã®éäœå埩é åãšãã®ããäžæµã«ãã8ntã»ã©ã®A(ã¢ããã³)é«å«æé åã§æ§æããããéäœå埩é åãšçžè£çãªRNAã¯ãã¢ãã³æ§é ã圢æããç¹åŸŽãããã転åçµçµã®åååãšãªãã
ÏéäŸåæ§çµçµã®å
žåäŸãšããŠããã®ãŒã»ãã¡ãŒãã Peggy Farnham ãšããªãŒã»ãã©ãã Terry Platt ã¯å€§è
žèã®ããªãããã¡ã³ãªããã³ãç ç©¶ãããå
å æ§ã¿ãŒãããŒã¿ãŒã®2ã€ã®èŠçŽ ãå
Œãåããtrp ã¢ããã¥ãšãŒã¿ãŒ trp attenuator ãããããã§ãããããã®éäœå埩é
åã転åããRNAã圢æãããã¢ãã³æ§é ãäžå³ã«ç€ºããå®å
šãªéå埩ã§ã¯ãªããã8bpã®å¡©åºå¯Ÿåœ¢æãå¯èœã§ããããã®ãã¡7bpã¯åŒ·ãG-Cå¡©åºå¯Ÿã§ããããŸãããã¡ãŒãã ãšãã©ããã¯ãTé«å«æé
åã転åãããã«ã€ãRNAã®UãšDNAã®Aãšã®éã«å¡©åºå¯Ÿ(rU-dA)ã圢æãããšèããããã®å¡©åºå¯Ÿã®è解枩床ã¯rU-dAãããã¯rU-rAããã20°Cäœãã2ã€ã®èŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠã®èå¯ããåŸãããçµè«ã¯ãTé«å«æé
åã§RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã¯äžæçã«åæ¢ããæ¬¡ã«ãã¢ãã³æ§é ã圢æãããããšã«ãã匱ãçµåãåããããšãããã®ã§ããããã¢ãã³æ§é ã¯RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãæŒããŠè»¢åç£ç©ããé¢ãããäœããã®ç«äœæ§é å€åãåŒãèµ·ãããã®ãšèããããŠãããW. S. ã€ãŒãã« W. S. Yarnell ãšãžã§ããªãŒã»ãããŒã Jeffrey Roberts ã¯è»¢åçµçµã«ãããŠ2ã€ã®èŠçŽ ã¯å¿
ãããå¿
èŠã§ã¯ãªãããšãæããã«ãããå¿
èŠãªã®ã¯ã転åç£ç©ãšæ¥µç«¯ã«åŒ±ãå¡©åºå¯Ÿåœ¢æããé
åãšãäžæçã«è»¢åã忢ãããäœãã§ããã
Ïå åã¯å
šãŠåããµããŠãããããæ§æãããå
éäœã§ãããå
šäœã¯ã転åç£ç©ãšDNAãšã®äºéããããéãç°æ§é ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã®èŒªã¯äžéšãåããŠããããã®ãããåãç®ãéãŠã2ã€ã®ãµããŠãããã¯12Ã
ã»ã©èŒªã®è»žæ¹åã«é¢ããŠããŠãããªãã¡å°ããªããã(ãããã¯45Ã
)ãšãªã£ãŠãããããµããŠãããã¯å
šãŠRNAãšçµåããéšäœãæã¡ã次ããæ¬¡ãžãšRNAã«çµåãããµããŠãããããžã°ã¶ã°ã«å€ãããšèããããŠããã
Ïå åã¯DNAã®è»¢åçµçµéšäœã®äžæµã«ããÏå åçµåéšäœ rho loading site ã§è»¢åç£ç©ã«çµåããããã®é
åã¯ã·ãã·ã³ãå€ãå«ã60ã100ntã§ãæ¯èŒçã©ã³ãã ãªäºæ¬¡æ§é ã圢æããŠãããÏå åãå®éã«çµåããã«ã¯å
ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãã40ntã®é
åãæãããããã®Ïå åçµåéšäœã転åããããšã§ãå®éã«è¿ãå
¥ããrutéšäœ Rho utilization sites:rut sites ãšããé
åãRNAã«çŸããããã ãããªããœãŒã ãšçµåããã»ã³ãã©ã«ãã°ãã«ãããæ¬¡ã®æ®µéã®ç¿»èš³ãåããŠãããã®ãšã¯çµåã§ããªãã现èã§ã¯è»¢åãšç¿»èš³ã¯å¯ã«é£æºãã䌞é·ããŸã çµãã£ãŠããªããŠãããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒããåºãŠãã転åç£ç©ã¯ããã«ç¿»èš³ãå§ããããããããã£ãŠãÏãéçµããã®ã¯ãéºäŒåããªããã³ã®æ«ç«¯ãéããŠã転åãç¶ããŠãã転åç£ç©ã ãã§ããã
6ã€ã®ãµããŠãããã¯å
šãŠATPã¢ãŒãŒã§ããããã®æŽ»æ§ã«ãããå¿
èŠä»¥äžã«é·ããªã£ãŠããŸã£ã転åç£ç©ã«çµåãããšããšãã«ã®ãŒãäŸçµŠãããå転ããªãã5âãã3âãžãšé²ããã¿ãŒãããŒã¿ãŒã®ãã¢ãã³æ§é 圢æã§åæ¢ããRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã«è¿œãã€ããšã転åç£ç©ãæŸåºããããå
·äœçãªçµçµã®éçšã¯ãŸã æå®ãããŠããªãã1987幎ã«ããªãŒã»ãã©ããã¯Ïå åãRNA-DNAããªã«ãŒãŒæŽ»æ§ãæã€ããšãçºèŠããã®ã§ãäžèª¬ã§ã¯ãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãšæ¥è§Šãããšãã«äºéããããã»ã©ããŠæŸåºããããšãããã»ãã«ã¯ãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãåŸãããæŒããŠè»¢åç£ç©ããé¢ããšãã説ããRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã®ç«äœæ§é ãå€åããããšãã説ãããã
çæ žçç©ã®å Žåã现èããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã®-10é åã«çžåœããã5'-TATAAA-3'ã®å
±éé
åãæã€é å(TATAããã¯ã¹ããããã¯ããŽãŒã«ãããŒã°ã»ãã°ãã¹ããã¯ã¹ (Goldberg-Hogness box) ãšåŒã°ãã)ã-25ãããã¯ããã«äžæµã«ååšããã転åéå§äœçœ®ã¯ãã®TATAããã¯ã¹ãäž»ãšãªã£ãŠæ±ºå®ããŠããã
ãã®ä»ã-100ã-60ã®ç¯å²ã«ååšãã5'-CCAAT-3'ã®å
±éé
åãæã€é å(CAATããã¯ã¹ãšåŒã°ãã)ãã-60ã-40ã®ç¯å²ã«ååšãã5'-GGCGGG-3'ã®å
±éé
åãæã€é å(GCããã¯ã¹ãšåŒã°ãã)ãããç¥ãããŠãããããããã¯è»¢åã®ä¿é²ã«åããŠãããšèããããŠããã
çæ žçç©ã®å ŽåãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã«ã¯3ã€ã®çš®é¡ããããããããPol I,Pol II,Pol IIIãšåŒã°ããŠãããããããã転åéå§ã«å¿
èŠãšãªãå åãããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒé åã®é
åã転åã®æ§åŒãç°ãªã£ãŠããã倧éšåã®éºäŒåã¯è»¢åãPol IIã«äŸåããŠããããrRNAã¯Pol Iã«ãtRNAã¯Pol IIIã«äŸåããŠããã
RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒIã«ãã転åã«ãããŠã¯ãããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ã-200ã-65ã®ç¯å²ã«ååšããäžæµå¶åŸ¡èŠçŽ (UCE; upstream controling element)ãšåŒã°ããé åãšã-45ã+20ã®ç¯å²ã«ååšããTATAããã¯ã¹ãå«ãã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒ(CPE; core promoter element)ãšåŒã°ããé åã®äºã€ã®éšåãããªãã
転åã«é¢äžããå åãšããŠã¯ã
ã®äºã€ãç¥ãããŠãããUBFã¯UCEã«çµåããSL1ã®TATAããã¯ã¹ãžã®çµåãä¿é²ãããšèšãããŠãããSL1ã¯CPEãžã®åŒ±ãçµåèœã瀺ããã転åã®éå§ã«ãããŠå¿
é ã§ãããSL1ã¯ãŸããPol IãšãäŒåããã
SL1ã¯æŽã«ã
ãšãã£ãã®å åã®è€åäœãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãŸãã転å䌞é·ã«é¢ããå åãšããŠã
ãç¥ãããŠããã
RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒIIã«ãã転åã«å¿
èŠãªé
µçŽ ä»¥å€ã®åºæ¬è»¢åå åèçœè³ªãTFII (Transcription Factor for Pol II) ã·ãªãŒãºãšåŒã³ãçŸåšã
ã®äžçš®é¡ãç¥ãããŠããã
ãŸãã転åéå§åŸãRNA䌞é·ãä¿é²ããå åãšããŠã
ãååšããã
転åéå§ãžã®æµããšããŠã¯ã
ãšãªã£ãŠããã
TATAããã¯ã¹ã¯ãã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãšã¬ã¡ã³ã(CPE; core promoter elementãã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒèŠçŽ ãæã«core promoter motifãšãåŒã°ãã)ã®1ã€ã§ããã
ã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒ (core promoter) ãšã¯ãæ£ç¢ºãªè»¢åéå§ãå°ãåãããã€ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒé åã®ããšã§ãããäžè¬ã«è»¢åéå§ç¹ãå«ã±35å¡©åºã»ã©ã®é·ãã®é åãå«ãããå€ãã®äŸãããçŽ40å¡©åºã®é åããæ§æãããŠãããšèããããŠãããã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã®äžã«ã¯å¹Ÿã€ãã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã¢ããŒããååšãããããã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãšã¬ã¡ã³ããšåŒã¶ã
ã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãšã¬ã¡ã³ãã¯ããã¹ãŠã®ã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã«æ®éçã«ååšãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããããåã
ã®ã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã®ç¹ç°æ§ãäžãããã®ã§ãããæç§æžçãèŠããšãTATAããã¯ã¹ãå
šãŠã®éºäŒåã®ã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã«ååšããŠãããããªå°è±¡ãåããããå®éã¯éããäŸãã°é
µæ¯ã«é¢ããæè¿ã®ç ç©¶ã«ãããŠã¯ãTATA-containing core promoter(TATAããã¯ã¹ãå«ãã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒ)ã¯ããããçŽ19%ã§ãã£ããšå ±åããŠããã
-2ã+4ã®ç¯å²ã«ååšããã€ãã·ãšãŒã¿ãŒãšã¬ã¡ã³ã(Inr; initiator, PyPyAN/APyPy, Aã転åéå§äœçœ®ã«ãªã)ãã³ã¢ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãšã¬ã¡ã³ãã§ãããInrã®èªèã¯TFIIDã«ãã£ãŠãããªãããããã®ã»ãã«ãDPE (downstream core promoter element)ãMTE (motif ten element) ãçºèŠãããŠããã
RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒIIIã«ãã転åã«å¿
èŠãªé
µçŽ ä»¥å€ã®åºæ¬è»¢åå åèçœè³ªãTFIII (Transcription Factor for Pol III) ã·ãªãŒãºãšåŒã³ãçŸåšã
ã®äžã€ãç¥ãããŠããããã®ä»ã«ãã
ãªã©ã®å åãååšããã
RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒIIIã«ãã£ãŠè»¢åãããéºäŒåã®å Žåã転åéå§ã®æ©äœãããã®ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒé åã®æ§é ã«ãã
ã®äžã€ã®æ§åŒã«åãããã
å€çްèã«ããã転åã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¯çæ žçç©ã®ãã®ãç°¡åã«ãããã®ãšèããŠããã転åéå§äœçœ®ä»è¿ã«ã¯çæ žçç©ãšã»ãŒåãäœçœ®ã«BREãTATAããã¯ã¹ãã€ãã·ãšãŒã¿ãŒãšã¬ã¡ã³ããªã©ãé
眮ãããŠãããTATAããã¯ã¹ã«RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãTFIIBãTFIIDãTFIIEããæãè€åäœã圢æãã(TFIIAãTFIIFãTFIIHã¯èŠã€ãã£ãŠããªã)ãããããè¶³æããã«RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒã転åãéå§ãããTFIISãååšããã詳现ã¯#Pol IIç³»éºäŒååç
§ã
転åå åã¯è»¢åãã®ãã®ã«é¢ããåºæ¬è»¢åå åãšã転åã®èª¿ç¯ãè¡ã転å調ç¯å å(--å¶åŸ¡å å)ããããåè
ã¯RNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒè€åäœãTATAçµåã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãªã©ãå«ãŸããã転åéå§åŸã®äŒžé·åå¿ã«æ©èœãã転å䌞é·å åãå«ãããšããããåŸè
ã¯è»¢åå¶åŸ¡é
åã®DNAã«çµåããåºæ¬è»¢åå åã®æŽ»æ§ãå¶åŸ¡ããç¹ç°ç転åå åãå«ãŸãããçŽæ¥ DNA ã«ã¯çµåããã¯ãããã³ã®æ§é 倿ãè¡ããã¹ãã³ä¿®é£Ÿé
µçŽ ãã¯ãããã³åæ§æå åãå«ãããšãããã
転åéå§ãå¶åŸ¡ããããªãã¬ããµãŒãã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒãããã
転å䌞é·ã«å¿
èŠãšãããããã¯ã¬ãªãœãŒã ã¯è»¢åã®äŒžé·ã劚ããããã転å䌞é·å åã転åè£
眮ãšãšãã«ç§»åããã
çæ žçç©ã®DNAã¯ãã¹ãã³ãšããèçœã«å·»ãã€ããŠãã (ãã¯ã¬ãªãœãŒã )ãäžè¬çã«ã¯ãã¹ãã³ãã¢ã»ãã«åãããããšã§ã¯ãããã³æ§é ãããã¿ãçµæãšããŠçºçŸã掻æ§åãããããŸããã·ã§ãŠãžã§ãŠããšãªã©ã®GAGAå åãšåŒã°ããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã¯DNAã«çµåãããã®åšèŸºã®ã¯ãããã³æ§é ãå€åããããNAP-1ããã¹ãã³ãDNAã«è²Œãä»ããACFããããç§»åãããŠäžå®ééã«ããã
现èã§ã¯HUã¿ã³ãã¯ãDNAãšçµåãæ žæ§äœã圢æãããã¯ãããã³æ§é ã¯ãšããªãã
äžæ¹å€ãã®å€çްèã¯ãã¹ãã³ãæã¡ãDNAãå·»ãã€ããŠã¯ãããã³æ§æ§é ããšã£ãŠããã
ãŸããDNAã®ã¡ãã«åãªã©ãéèŠãªããŒã¯ãŒãã®äžã€ã§ãããã¡ãã«åDNAã¯ã²ãã ã€ã³ããªã³ãã£ã³ã°ãªã©ã«é¢äžãããšããããã¡ãã«åDNAãç¹ç°çã«èªèããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ª(ã¡ãã«åDNAçµåã¿ã³ãã¯è³ª, MBD)ã¯ãã¯ãããã³æ§é ã倿ããé
µçŽ è€åäœãèªå°ããããšãèããããŠããã
äžè¬ã«DNAã®ã¡ãã«åã¯è»¢åã®æå¶ãšãªããç¹å®ã®éºäŒåãç¹å®ã®çµç¹ã§çºçŸããã¡ã«ããºã ã®åå ã§ãããšèããããŠããããŸããDNAã®ã¡ãã«åã¯ãã¹ãã³ã®ã¢ã»ãã«åãã¡ãã«åãšçµã³ã€ããŠããã现èåè£ã®éã«ã³ããŒãããæè²äœã«ãã¹ãã³ã®ã¢ã»ãã«åãã¡ãã«åãåŒãç¶ãããã
RNAãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯ãDNAããè¡ãããéåžžã®è»¢åãšã¯ç°ãªãRNAã«éºäŒæ
å ±ãèšé²ããRNAããmRNAåæãè¡ãããããã転åã®ç¯çã«å«ãŸããããã ããæ žé
žããæ žé
žãžã®åæã¯ã»ãã«DNAè€è£œã®éçšã§ãè¡ãããããããã¯çæç©ãDNAã§ãããéºäŒåã®çºçŸã«çŽæ¥é¢ãã£ãŠãããªããã転åãšç°ãªããmRNAããDNAãžã®åæã¯é転åãšåŒã¶ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%A2%E5%86%99_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)
|
6,194 |
翻蚳
|
翻蚳(ãè±: translation)ãšã¯ããã圢ã§è¡šçŸãããŠãã察象ããç°ãªãåœ¢ã§æ¹ããŠè¡šçŸããè¡çºã§ããã
ç¹ã«ãèªç¶èšèªã«ãããŠãèµ·ç¹èšèª(source languageãåèšèª)ã«ããæç« ããå¥ã®ç®æšèšèª(target languageãç®çèšèª)ã«ããæç« ã«å€æããè¡çºããããäŸãã°ãè±èªæããæ¥æ¬èªæãžç¿»èš³ãããå Žåã¯ãèµ·ç¹èšèªãè±èªã§ãããç®æšèšèªãæ¥æ¬èªã§ãããèµ·ç¹èšèªã«ããæãåæãšãããç®æšèšèªã«ããæãèš³æã»ç¿»èš³æãšèšããäžæ¹ã§ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°çšèªãšããŠã¯åœ¢åŒèšèªã®å€æãšããæå³ã§ãçšããããããªããæã§ã¯ãªãçºè©±ã翻蚳ããè¡çºã¯ãéèš³ãšãåŒã°ããã
翻蚳ãšããè¡çºèªäœãç ç©¶ããåŠåãšããŠã翻蚳åŠ(翻蚳ç ç©¶ãè±èª: translation studies)ãããã
åçŽãªéèªçãªçœ®ãæãããçèªåäœã®çœ®ãæãã ãã§æžãŸããŠãã翻蚳ãªã©ã§ãæç« ãç¶æ³ãæèããšã«æã£ãŠããæ©èœã«ååã«æ³šæãæã£ãŠããªããããªç¿»èš³ããçŽèš³ããšèšããåå¿è
ãäžå®å
šãªæ©æ¢°ç¿»èš³ã§ã¯ãèµ·ç¹èšèªããç®æšèšèªãžãåã
ã®èªåœæ°Žæºã§èŸæžãªã©ã«ããç®æšèªã«çœ®ãæããŠããŸãããšã§ç®æšèšèªã«ããã衚çŸã®äœç³»(ã³ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå€çŸ©æ§ãªã©)ãç¡èŠããããšãããã
ããã«å¯ŸããŠãæç« ãçºè©±ãããç¶æ³ãæèã«ãããŠæããæ©èœãæ¬åœã®æå³(æå³)ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãŠãç®æšèšèªã§ã»ãŒåçã®æ©èœãæå³äœçšãæã€æç« ãã倿°ã®æç« ã®èšæ¶(èšèªã®äœ¿çšçµéšã«è£æã¡ããããæèããšã®ãé©åãªçºè©±äºäŸã«é¢ããèšæ¶)ã®äžããèŠã€ãåºããŠç¿»èš³æãšããããšããæèš³ããšåŒã¶ã
ãã®ãããªäºçš®é¡ã®ç¿»èš³ãçŸããåå ãšããŠãäž¡èšèªãã察å¿ããèªã»å¥ãéžå®ããçŽèš³äœæ¥ã«ãããŠãåèªã¯èšèªéã§äžå¯Ÿäžã®å¯Ÿå¿ããããšã¯éããªãããšããããäŸãã°ãèµ·ç¹èšèªã§ã¯1èªã§è¡šãããæŠå¿µããç®æšèšèªã§ã¯è€æ°ã®èª(è€æ°ã®æŠå¿µ)ã«ãŸããã£ãŠããããéã«èµ·ç¹èšèªã§è€æ°ã®èªã§ãããã®ããç®æšèšèªã§ã¯1èªãšãªã£ãŠããŸãå Žåã§ãããããã¯ãæåŠäœåã§ã®ãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ãèªæã®åçŸããèšèªã«ããè²ã®è¡šçŸãªã©ã§é¡èã«ãªãåé¡ã§ãããäŸãã°ãè¹ã®è²ã®æ°ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯7è²ãšãããŠããããä»ã®å°åãæåã«ãã£ãŠã¯7è²ãšã¯éããªãããŸããæ¥æ¬èªã§ãéããšåŒã°ãããã®ã«ç·è²ã®æ€ç©ãç·è²ã®ä¿¡å·ç¯ãå«ãŸããã®ããåçŽã«åèªã眮ãæããããšãã§ããªãé¡èãªäŸã§ããã
æ©æ¢°ç¿»èš³ã¯ãå®çšçãªæ±çšã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãéçºããå§ãã1960幎ååŸããç ç©¶ããç¶ããŠããåéã§ããããè¿å¹Žã¯äžè¬çã«å©çšãå¯èœã«ãªã£ãŠããããšããããæ©æ¢°ç¿»èš³ã«å¯ŸããŠäººã«ãã翻蚳ãã人å翻蚳ããã人æç¿»èš³ããšèšãå Žåãããã
ã°ãŒã°ã«ãDeepLãªã©åç€Ÿãæ©æ¢°ç¿»èš³ã«ããèªå翻蚳ãæäŸããŠãããããã®ç²ŸåºŠã¯èšèªéã«ãã£ãŠãŸã¡ãŸã¡ã§ãããæ¥æ¬èªãšè±èªã®ããã«ææ³ã倧ããç°ãªãèšèªéã§ã¯é£æåºŠãé«ããªããå®å
šãªèªå翻蚳ã¯é£ããã䌌éã£ãèšèªéã«ãããŠãå©çšè
ã«ããããçšåºŠã®ä¿®æ£ã¯å¿
èŠãšãªã£ãŠããã
翻蚳ã¯ããèšèªåããå¥ã®èšèªåãžãšç¥èã移転ããããšãæå³ããããã®ããããã€ãŠã¯å
鲿ååããã®ç¿»èš³ã«ãã£ãŠå¥ã®æååãžãšéèŠãªç¥èãäŒéããã移転å
ã®æåã¬ãã«ãäžæãããããšãå€ããã£ãããã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®æç®ãæãããããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§è±éããæåã¯ããŒãåžåœãžãšç¶æ¿ããããã®ã®ãããŒãã®äžæµéçŽã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢èªãè§£ãããããã©ãã³èªã®ç§åŠã«é¢ããèäœã¯å€ããéä¿çãªãã®ã«ãšã©ãŸã£ãŠãããããŒãåžåœã厩å£ãããšã©ãã³èªåã§ã®ã®ãªã·ã¢èªäœ¿çšãè¡°éããããããšãŒããããäžäžã«å
¥ãããã«ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®ç¥èã®å€ãã倱ãããŠããŸã£ãŠãããããããã®æç®ã¯ããŒãã®ç¶æ¿åœå®¶ã§ããã®ãªã·ã¢èªåã§ããæ±ããŒãåžåœã«ãããŠä¿æãããã®ãªã·ã¢èªã®æç®ãšããŠæ®ã£ãŠããããŸãã5äžçŽãã6äžçŽã«ãããŠã¯ãã¹ããªãŠã¹æŽŸã«ãã£ãŠããããã®ãªã·ã£èªæç®ã®ã·ãªã¢èªç¿»èš³ãè¡ãããŠããããããã®æç®ã®ãã¡ããããã®ãã®ã¯8äžçŽä»¥éã¢ãããŒã¹æçµ±æ²»äžã«ãããŠã¢ã©ãã¢èªã«ç¿»èš³ãããããã®ç¿»èš³äºæ¥ã«ãã£ãŠãå»åŠã®ããã¯ã©ãã¹ãã¬ã¬ãã¹ãå²åŠã®ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ããã©ãã³ã®ç¥èãã€ã¹ã©ã äžçã«ããããããã€ã¹ã©ã ç§åŠã®éçãããããããããã«ãããã®ã¢ã©ãã¢èªæç®ã¯ã12äžçŽã«å
¥ããšã·ããªã¢çåœã®éŠéœãã¬ã«ã¢ãã«ã¹ãã£ãŒãªã£çåœã®ãã¬ããšãã£ããã€ã¹ã©ã æååãšæ¥ããããªã¹ãæéœåžã«ãããŠã©ãã³èªãžãšç¿»èš³ãããããã«ãªããããã¯å€ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç§åŠã ãã§ãªãããã¯ãŒãªãºããŒãã€ãã³ã»ã¹ã£ãŒããŒãšãã£ãã€ã¹ã©ã ã®å€§åŠè
ã®æç®ãå«ãŸããŠããããŸã15äžçŽã«å
¥ããšã¢ã©ãã¢èªã ãã§ãªãæ±ããŒããªã©ããå
¥æããã®ãªã·ã¢èªã®æç®ã®çŽæ¥ç¿»èš³ãè¡ãããã倧翻蚳æä»£ãšãåŒã°ãããã®ç¿»èš³æŽ»åãéããŠãäžåºŠã¯å€±ãããŠããå€ä»£äžçã®ç¥èã西ãšãŒãããã«åã³æµå
¥ãã12äžçŽã«ããµã³ã¹ãããã«ã¯ã«ããµã³ã¹ãåŒãèµ·ãããã£ãããšãªã£ãã
翻蚳ãæåçã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããäŸãšããŠã¯ããã«ãã£ã³ã»ã«ã¿ãŒã«ããèæžã®ãã€ãèªèš³ãæããããããããŸã§ããã€ãèªèš³èæžã¯ååšãããã®ã®ãã«ã¿ãŒã¯æ¥åžžèšèªãå
ã«ããçè§£ãããã衚çŸãå¿ãããåºçãããã«ã¿ãŒèæžã¯ãã€ã人ã«åºãèªãŸããŠãã€ãèªãã®ãã®ã«ã倧ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããã
ãŸãããããã翻蚳ãéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããåœãšããŠæ¥æ¬ãæãããããæ¥æ¬ã¯å€ä»£ä»¥éã飿¥ãã倧åœã§ããäžåœã®æç®ã翻蚳ããŠæåãææã¬ãã«ãåäžãããŠãããã1774幎ã®è§£äœæ°æžã®ç¿»èš³åºçãäžã€ã®ãã£ãããšããŠã18äžçŽåŸå以éãçãã«ãšãŒãããã®ç§åŠæç®ã翻蚳ãããããã«ãªã£ãããã®ç¿»èš³ã¯ãšãŒããã諞åœã®ãã¡ã§å¯äžæ¥æ¬ãšã®éåé¢ä¿ã®ãã£ããªã©ã³ãèªãããããªãããŠããããã®ãããããã翻蚳è
ãããã«è»¢ããŠè¥¿æŽç§åŠã身ã«ã€ããåŠè
ãã¡ã¯èåŠ(ãªã©ã³ãåŠããããã)è
ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ãããã®åãã¯æ±æžå¹åºã厩å£ãææ²»ç¶æ°ãèµ·ãããšããå éããããªã©ã³ãèªã®ã¿ãªããè±èªããã©ã³ã¹èªãªã©è¥¿æŽã®è«žèšèªããèšå€§ãªç¿»èš³ãè¡ãããããã«ãªã£ãããã®ç¿»èš³ã«ãããŠã¯ããŸããŸãªèš³èªã挢èªã®åœ¢ã§èæ¡ãããããããå補挢èªãšããŠçãã«æµéããããã«ãªã£ãããã®æ°æŒ¢èªã¯æ°ããæŠå¿µã衚ãã®ã«å¥œéœåã§ãã£ããããäžéšã¯äžåœã«é茞å
¥ãããŠäœ¿çšãããããã«ãªã£ãã
éèš³ãšã¯ãAèšèªâXèšèªâBèšèªããšãã颚ã«ããã£ããä»ã®èšèªã«ç¿»èš³ãããçãåç
§ããããã«ä»ã®èšèªãžéããŠç¿»èš³ããæ¹æ³ã§ãããèµ·ç¹èšèªã§ããAèšèªããç®æšèšèªã§ããBèšèªãžçŽæ¥ç¿»èš³ãè¡ãããšããäœããã®äºæ
ã«ããå°é£ãªå Žåã«è¡ããããN察Nã®è€æ°èšèªéã®å€æããããªãå Žåããã£ãã軞(ãããã)ãšãªãèšèªã«å€æãããŸãããããå€èšèªãžå€æããããããããããã翻蚳ãè¡ãããšãå€ããããããèšèªã«ã¯éåžžã¯è±èªãçšããããã
宿æžãäŸã«ãšããšãä»å
žã®å Žåã¯ãµã³ã¹ã¯ãªããã»ããŒãªèªã®çããæŒ¢èš³ããããã«æ¥æ¬èªãžéèš³ãããŠããã
ã°ããŒããªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ã®é²å±ã«ããå€èšèªéã®äº€æµãå¢å€§ããããã«ãšããªã£ãŠäº€ããããææžãªã©ãå¢å€§ããŠããããã翻蚳ã®éèŠæ§ã¯é«ãŸã£ãŠããã翻蚳ã¯ãã®å°éåéã«ãã£ãŠãæåŠç¿»èš³ãç£æ¥ç¿»èš³ãæ³å翻蚳ãç¹èš±ç¿»èš³ãå»åŠç¿»èš³ãè¡æ¿ç¿»èš³ãªã©ã«åãããã翻蚳æåŠãäžã€ã®ãžã£ã³ã«ãšããŠç¢ºç«ããŠããããã«ãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯æåŠç¿»èš³ã¯ç€ŸäŒçã«é«ãè©äŸ¡ãåŸãŠãããã®ã®ãããã¯å¿
ãããçµæžçãªæåã䌎ã£ãŠã¯ããªããæ¥æ¬åœå
ã«ããã2009幎床ã®ç¿»èš³å£²äžã®ãã¡åºçã¯ããã1%ã«ããããæè¡ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãããžãã¹ææžãšãã£ãç£æ¥ç¿»èš³ãçŽ69%ãç¹èš±ç¿»èš³ã15%ãå ãäž»æµãšãªã£ãŠããã
è·æ¥ãšããŠã®ç¿»èš³å®¶ã§ãããåŠããåãããé«åºŠãªèªåŠåãæããè
ã¯ãå°æ¹å
Œ
±å£äœãç¹å®éå¶å©æŽ»åæ³äººããžã£ãŒããªã¹ããªã©ã«å¯ŸããŠç¿»èš³ãã©ã³ãã£ã¢æŽ»åãè¡ãããšãå¯èœã§ããã ããšãã°ãåå€å±åžã«ãããåå€å±åœéã»ã³ã¿ãŒã¯ãåšæ¥å€åœäººã®æ¯æŽæŽ»åã®äžç°ãšããŠç¿»èš³ã»éèš³ãã©ã³ãã£ã¢ãåéããŠããã ãŸããæ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœã®çºçæã«æ±äº¬å€åœèªå€§åŠã®æå¿ã®åŠçãã¡ã«ãããå°éçºçæç·æ¥ããã¥ã¢ã«ããäœæããã40ãåœä»¥äžã®èšèªã«ç¿»èš³ãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3
|
6,195 |
å€å£ãªãªã³ããã¯
|
å€å£ãªãªã³ããã¯(ãããªãªã³ããã¯ãä»:Jeux olympiques d'étéãè±:Summer Olympic Games)ã¯ãè¿ä»£ãªãªã³ããã¯ã®ãã¡å€æã«è¡ããããã®ããªãªã³ããºã ã«åºã¥ãè¡ãããç¥å
žã§ããããªãªã³ããºã ã人ã
ã«åºããããã®ç¥å
žã§ããããªãªã³ããºã (ãªãªã³ããã¯å²åŠ)ãç®æããŠããã®ã¯ãå¹³åãªäžçãå®çŸã人éã®å°å³ãè·ãããã«ã¯äººé¡ã®èª¿åçãªæé·ãå¿
èŠãªã®ã§ããã®ããã«ã¹ããŒãã圹ç«ãŠãããšã§ãããå¹³åã®ç¥å
žã§ãããåãªãç·åã¹ããŒã倧äŒã§ã¯ãªããåœéãªãªã³ããã¯å§å¡äŒ(ç¥ç§°: IOC)ãéå¬ãããæ£åŒåç§°ã¯ãªãªã³ãã¢ãŒãç«¶æå€§äŒ(ãªãªã³ãã¢ãŒããããããããããè±:Games of the Olympiad)ãæ¥æ¬èªã§ã¯ãå€å£äºèŒªããšåŒã¶ããšãããã
4幎åäœã®ãªãªã³ãã¢ãŒãã®ç¬¬1幎ã«éå¬ãããã
第äžåå€å£ãªãªã³ããã¯ã¯1896幎ã«ã¢ããã§éå¬ããããéå»3åå€å£äºèŒªã®éå¬ãåããããšãªã£ãäŸããããããã®å Žåã§ãã忬¡ã(第ââåã®ãââãã®éšå)ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæ®ãã
ãªãã第1å倧äŒããå
šãŠåå ããŠããã®ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã£ã»ã€ã®ãªã¹ã»ãã©ã³ã¹ã»ã¹ã€ã¹ã»ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢(ãã ã1908幎ã»1912幎ã®ãªãªã³ããã¯ã§ã¯ãªãŒã¹ãã©ã©ã·ã¢ãšããŠåå )ã®5ãåœã®ã¿ã§ããã
^ A: 1900 - IOCã®ãµã€ãã§ã¯95ã
^ B: 1904 - IOCã®ãµã€ãã§ã¯91ã
^ C: 1920 - IOCã®ãµã€ãã§ã¯154ã
ãªãªã³ããã¯å€å£å€§äŒç«¶æå£äœé£å(ASOIF)ã«åœéç«¶æé£ç(IF)ãå çããŠããç«¶æãæ£åŒç«¶æãšãããæ¬å€§äŒã®7幎åã®åœéãªãªã³ããã¯å§å¡äŒ(IOC)ç·äŒã§æçµæ±ºå®ãããç«¶ææ°ã®äžéã¯28ã§ãããç«¶æã»çš®ç®æ°ã¯äžè²«ããŠå¢ãç¶ãã2000幎ã®ã·ãããŒäºèŒªã§ã¯28ç«¶æã»300çš®ç®ã«éããããšããäºèŒªã®è¥å€§åãåé¡èŠããã2012幎ã®ãã³ãã³äºèŒªã§ã¯éçãšãœããããŒã«ãå€ããã26ç«¶æã»302çš®ç®ã«æžããããã2007幎ã«ã¯äžæ žç«¶æå¶åºŠãå°å
¥ããã2016幎ã®ãªãªããžã£ãã€ãäºèŒªã§ã¯ãã³ãã³ã§å®æœããã26ç«¶æ(2020幎倧äŒã§ã¯25ç«¶æ)ã¯é€å€ãããªãããªãªå€§äŒã§ã¯ãŽã«ããšã©ã°ããŒ(7人å¶)ãå ããã28ç«¶æã§å®æœãããã
IOCã¯ãå€å£ãªãªã³ããã¯ç«¶æã人æ°åºŠã«åºã¥ããŠ5ã€ã®ã«ããŽãªãŒ(A-E)ã«åãããã¬ãèŠèŽæ°(40%)ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããã人æ°(20%)ãå
¬ç調æ»(15%)ããã±ããèŠæ±(10%)ãå ±éå ±é(10%)ãå
šåœé£çæ°(5%)ã®6ã€ã®åºæºã§æž¬å®ããŠãããã¹ããŒãã®ã«ããŽãªã¯ããã®ã¹ããŒãç«¶æã®åœéé£çãåãåããªãªã³ããã¯åå
¥ã®ã·ã§ã¢ã決å®ããã2016幎ããªãªã³ããã¯ã«æ°ãã«ç»å Žããç«¶æ(ã©ã°ããŒãšãŽã«ã)ãã«ããŽãªãŒEã«å
¥ããããã
çŸåšã®ã«ããŽãªã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã
æ°Žæ³³ã¯ãç«¶æ³³ãé£èŸŒãã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ãã£ãã¯ã¹ã€ãã³ã°ãæ°Žçãå«ãã
åç«¶æçš®ç®ã®äžäœãšãªã£ãç«¶æè
ã«ã¯éã¡ãã«ãäºäœã«ã¯éã¡ãã«ãäžäœã«ã¯é
ã¡ãã«ã®æäžãè¡ããã4äœä»¥äžã¯ãå
¥è³ããšãªãããå
¥è³ãã¯æå€§8äœãŸã§ã
ãªã誀解ã®ç¡ãããã«èª¬æããŠãããªããã°ãªããªããããªãªã³ããã¯ã®ã¡ãã«ã¯ãããŸã§ãç«¶æè
å人ã(ãããŒã )ã«å¯ŸããŠæäžãããŠããã®ã§ãã£ãŠããåœãã«å¯ŸããŠæäžãããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã
以äžã®è¡šã¯ãIOCãæäŸããå
¬åŒããŒã¿ã䜿çšããŠããŸãã
(2016幎ãªãªããžã£ãã€ã倧äŒçµäºæ)
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF
|
6,196 |
Adobe-Japan1
|
Adobe-Japan1(ã¢ãããžã£ãã³ã¯ã³ãç¥ç§°: AJ1, A-J1)ã¯ãã¢ãããå®ããæ¥æ¬èªã®æåã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³(æåéå)ã§ããã©ã³ãã¡ãŒã«ãŒå瀟ã®è£œåãæºæ ããDTPåžå Žã®ããã¡ã¯ãã¹ã¿ã³ããŒããšãªã£ãŠããã2019幎æç¹ã§å
«ã€ã®è¿œè£ããããææ°ã®Adobe-Japan1-7ã¯ã2äž3060ã°ãªã(å圢ãæå)ãåé²ãããåé²ããå
šãŠã®æåã«CID(Character IDentifier, Character ID)ãšåŒã°ããäžé£ã®èå¥çªå·ãæ¯ãã
æåã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³(character collection)ã¯ãCIDãšæåã®æšæºåãããã»ãããæããèšèªã»æžèšäœç³»(çšåç³»)ããšã«å®çŸ©ããããã¢ãªãµã¯ãã©ã³ãçšèªéã«ãããšãæåã»ãããšã»ãŒå矩ãã ãããå
¬çãªèŠæ ŒãšããŠããã¯ããã©ã€ããŒããªèŠæ ŒãæããŠããããšãå€ããããã ãšãããã
æåã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«ã¯ãç»é²è
-é
å(-远è£çªå·)ãã®åœ¢åŒã§ååãä»ãããããAdobe-Japan1-7ã®å ŽåãAdobeãç»é²è
ãJapan1ãé
åã7ã远è£çªå·ã瀺ãã
åºçã»å°å·æ¥çã«ã¯ãJIS X 0208ãISO/IEC 10646âUnicodeãšãã£ãå
¬çèŠæ Œã®æåã»ãããå
æããŠããç°äœåãåºå¥ããŠäœ¿ãéèŠãæ ¹åŒ·ããããJIS X 0208ãJIS X 0213ã§ã¯ãåœã®æŒ¢åæœçã®åœ±é¿ãªã©ã§èŠæ Œã®æ¹æ£ã®éã«äŸç€ºå圢ã倿Žããããšããã³ãã³ãã£ãããã®ã»ãIBMæ¡åŒµæåãªã©ã®ãã³ãæ¡åŒµæåã»ããããå°å·æ¥çã§äœ¿ãããŠããæåã»ããã§ã¯ãäŸç€ºå圢ãšã¯ç°ãªãç°äœåãããããåçš®ãšããŠJIS挢åã«ãªãæåãåã蟌ãã§ãããAdobe-Japan1ã§ã¯ãããã®å圢ãåéããå
¬çèŠæ Œã®ã³ãŒããã€ã³ããšã¯å¥ã«CIDãå²ãæ¯ã£ãŠåºå¥ã§ããããã«ããŠããã
å®éã®OSã»ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšã®ãããšãã¯éåžžãã©ã³ãã«å
èµãããCMapããŒãã«(CIDãšUnicodeãçžäºã«é¢é£ä»ãã察å¿è¡š)ãåç
§ããŠè¡ãããããAcrobatã»InDesign(ããããã¢ãã補å)ã»æ¥æ¬èªLaTeX(ããªãŒãœãã)ãªã©ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã¯CIDçªå·ãçŽæ¥å©çšããããšãããã
Adobe-Japan1ã®è¿œè£ããšã®è©³çްã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã
Adobe-Japan1-4ãšAdobe-Japan1-5ãšã®éã«AppleãMac OS X v10.1ã§JIS X 0213æåãæ¡åŒµããApple Publishing Glyph Set (APGS)ãããããAdobe-Japan1-5ãšåããã®ãšããããšã«ãªã£ãŠãã(å®éã«ã¯Adobe-Japan1-5ãšã®éã«ã¯å
ãã«éãããã)ã
JIS X 0213:2004察å¿ãšããŠãã©ã³ãåã§åŸæ¥ã®JIS90å圢ãšJIS2004å圢ãåºå¥ããããã«ããŠããã
IVS(挢åç°äœåã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ (Ideographic Variation Sequences))ã䜿çšããããšã«ãããJIS90å圢ãšJIS2004å圢ãåºå¥ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããããã ããäžè¡šã§CIDã§åºå¥ããªããã®ã瀺ãã
ð (U+2000B) ð (U+20089) ð (U+2008A) ð ¢(U+200A2) ð €(U+200A4) ð °(U+200B0) ð µ(U+200F5) ð
(U+20158) ð ¢(U+201A2) ð (U+20213) ð «(U+2032B) ð ±(U+20371) ð (U+20381) ð ¹(U+203F9) ð (U+2044A) ð (U+20509) ð ¿(U+2053F) ð ±(U+205B1) ð (U+205D6) ð (U+20611) ð š(U+20628) ð ¬(U+206EC) ð (U+2074F) ð (U+207C8) ð (U+20807) ð º(U+2083A) ð ¢¹(U+208B9) ð €(U+2090E) 𠥌(U+2097C) ð Š(U+20984) ð Š(U+2099D) ð ©€(U+20A64) ð «(U+20AD3) ð ¬(U+20B1D) ð ®(U+20B9F) ð ®·(U+20BB7) ð µ
(U+20D45) ð µ(U+20D58) ð ·¡(U+20DE1) ð ¹€(U+20E64) ð ¹(U+20E6D) ð º(U+20E95) ð œ(U+20F5F) ð¡(U+21201) ð¡œ(U+2123D) ð¡(U+21255) ð¡Ž(U+21274) ð¡»(U+2127B) ð¡(U+212D7) ð¡€(U+212E4) ð¡œ(U+212FD) ð¡(U+2131B) ð¡¶(U+21336) ð¡(U+21344) ð¡(U+213C4) ð¡(U+2146D) ð¡®(U+2146E) ð¡(U+215D7) ð¡(U+21647) ð¡Ž(U+216B4) ð¡(U+21706) ð¡(U+21742) 𡢜(U+218BD) ð¡§(U+219C3) ð¡š(U+21A1A) ð¡±(U+21C56) ð¡Ž(U+21D2D) ð¡µ
(U+21D45) 𡵢(U+21D62) 𡵞(U+21D78) ð¡¶(U+21D92) ð¡¶(U+21D9C) ð¡¶¡(U+21DA1) ð¡¶·(U+21DB7) ð¡· (U+21DE0) 𡞳(U+21E33) 𡞎(U+21E34) ð¡Œ(U+21F1E) 𡜶(U+21F76) 𡿺(U+21FFA) ð¢
»(U+2217B) ð¢(U+22218) ð¢(U+2231E) ð¢(U+223AD) ð¢(U+22609) ð¢³(U+226F3) ð¢¡(U+2285B) 𢢫(U+228AB) ð¢Š(U+2298F) 𢪞(U+22AB8) ð¢(U+22B46) ð¢(U+22B4F) ð¢(U+22B50) 𢮊(U+22BA6) ð¢°(U+22C1D) 𢰀(U+22C24) 𢷡(U+22DE1) ð¢¹(U+22E42) 𢿫(U+22FEB) ð£¶(U+231B6) ð£(U+231C3) ð£(U+231C4) ð£µ(U+231F5) ð£²(U+23372) ð£(U+233CC) ð£(U+233D0) ð£(U+233D2) ð£(U+233D3) ð£(U+233D5) ð£(U+233DA) ð£(U+233DF) ð£€(U+233E4) ð£Ÿ(U+233FE) ð£(U+2344A) ð£(U+2344B) ð£(U+23451) ð£¥(U+23465) ð£€(U+234E4) ð£(U+2355A) ð£(U+23594) ð£(U+235C4) ð£ž(U+23638) ð£¹(U+23639) ð£º(U+2363A) ð£(U+23647) ð£(U+2370C) ð£(U+2371C) ð£¿(U+2373F) ð££(U+23763) ð£€(U+23764) ð£§(U+237E7) ð£±(U+237F1) ð£¿(U+237FF) 𣠀(U+23824) 𣠜(U+2383D) ð£ª(U+23A98) 𣱿(U+23C7F) 𣲟(U+23CBE) 𣳟(U+23CFE) ð£Ž(U+23D00) ð£Ž(U+23D0E) ð£µ(U+23D40) ð£·(U+23DD3) 𣷹(U+23DF9) 𣷺(U+23DFA) 𣜟(U+23F7E) ð€(U+2404B) ð€(U+24096) ð€(U+24103) ð€(U+241C6) ð€Ÿ(U+241FE) ð€®(U+242EE) ð€Œ(U+243BC) ð€(U+243D0) ð€©(U+24629) ð€¥(U+246A5) ð€±(U+247F1) ð€¢(U+24896) ð€©(U+24A4D) ð€(U+24B56) ð€¯(U+24B6F) ð€°(U+24C16) ð€Ž(U+24D14) ð€ž(U+24E04) ð€ž(U+24E0E) ð€ž·(U+24E37) ð€¹ª(U+24E6A) ð€º(U+24E8B) ð€¿²(U+24FF2) ð¥(U+2504A) ð¥(U+25055) ð¥¢(U+25122) ð¥©(U+251A9) ð¥(U+251CD) ð¥¥(U+251E5) ð¥(U+2521E) ð¥(U+2524C) ð¥®(U+2542E) ð¥(U+2548E) ð¥(U+254D9) ð¥(U+2550E) ð¥§(U+255A7) ð¥¿(U+2567F) ð¥±(U+25771) ð¥©(U+257A9) ð¥Ž(U+257B4) 𥡎(U+25874) ð¥§(U+259C4) ð¥§(U+259CC) ð¥§(U+259D4) ð¥«(U+25AD7) 𥫣(U+25AE3) 𥫀(U+25AE4) 𥫱(U+25AF1) 𥮲(U+25BB2) ð¥±(U+25C4B) 𥱀(U+25C64) 𥶡(U+25DA1) 𥞮(U+25E2E) ð¥¹(U+25E56) 𥹢(U+25E62) 𥹥(U+25E65) ð¥»(U+25EC2) ð¥»(U+25ED8) 𥻚(U+25EE8) 𥌣(U+25F23) ð¥œ(U+25F5C) ð¥¿(U+25FD4) 𥿠(U+25FE0) 𥿻(U+25FFB) ðŠ(U+2600C) ðŠ(U+26017) ðŠ (U+26060) ðŠ(U+260ED) ðŠ¢(U+26222) ðŠª(U+2626A) ðа(U+26270) ðŠ(U+26286) ðŠ(U+2634C) ðŠ(U+26402) ðŠŸ(U+2667E) ðа(U+266B0) ðŠ(U+2671D) ðŠ£(U+268DD) ðŠ£ª(U+268EA) ðŠ¥(U+26951) ðŠ¥¯(U+2696F) ðŠŠ(U+26999) ðЧ(U+269DD) ðŠš(U+26A1E) ðŠ©(U+26A58) ðŠª(U+26A8C) ðŠª·(U+26AB7) ðŠ«¿(U+26AFF) ðŠ°©(U+26C29) ðŠ±³(U+26C73) ðв(U+26C9E) ðг(U+26CDD) ðй(U+26E40) ðŠ¹¥(U+26E65) ðŠŸ(U+26F94) ðŠ¿¶(U+26FF6) ðŠ¿·(U+26FF7) ðŠ¿ž(U+26FF8) ð§Ž(U+270F4) ð§(U+2710D) ð§¹(U+27139) ð§(U+273DA) ð§(U+273DB) ð§Ÿ(U+273FE) ð§(U+27410) ð§(U+27449) ð§(U+27614) ð§(U+27615) ð§±(U+27631) ð§(U+27684) ð§(U+27693) ð§(U+2770E) ð§£(U+27723) ð§(U+27752) ð§Š
(U+27985) ð§ŠŽ(U+279B4) ð§ª(U+27A84) ð§®³(U+27BB3) 𧮟(U+27BBE) ð§¯(U+27BC7) ð§°Œ(U+27C3C) 𧲞(U+27CB8) ð§µ³(U+27D73) ð§¶ (U+27DA0) ð§ž(U+27E10) ð§Ÿ·(U+27FB7) ðš(U+2808A) ðš»(U+280BB) ðš·(U+28277) ðš(U+28282) ðš³(U+282F3) ðš(U+283CD) ðš(U+2840C) ðš(U+28455) ðš«(U+2856B) ðš(U+285C8) ðš(U+285C9) ðš(U+286D7) ðšº(U+286FA) ðš¥(U+28946) ðš¥(U+28949) 𚥫(U+2896B) ðšŠ(U+28987) ðšŠ(U+28988) 𚊺(U+289BA) 𚊻(U+289BB) ðšš(U+28A1E) ðšš©(U+28A29) ðš©(U+28A43) 𚩱(U+28A71) ðšª(U+28A99) ðš«(U+28ACD) ðš«(U+28ADD) ðš«€(U+28AE4) ðš¯(U+28BC1) 𚯯(U+28BEF) ðš³(U+28CDD) ðšŽ(U+28D10) ðšµ±(U+28D71) ðš·»(U+28DFB) ðšž(U+28E17) ðšž(U+28E1F) ðšž¶(U+28E36) ðšº(U+28E89) 𚻫(U+28EEB) ðš»¶(U+28EF6) 𚌲(U+28F32) 𚿞(U+28FF8) ð© (U+292A0) ð©±(U+292B1) ð©(U+29490) ð©(U+295CF) ð©¿(U+2967F) ð©°(U+296F0) ð©(U+29719) ð©(U+29750) ð©£(U+298C6) ð©©²(U+29A72) ð©µ(U+29D4B) ð©·(U+29DDB) ð©ž(U+29E15) 𩞜(U+29E3D) ð©¹(U+29E49) ð©º(U+29E8A) ð©»(U+29EC4) ð©»(U+29EDB) ð©»©(U+29EE9) ð©¿(U+29FCE) ð©¿(U+29FD7) ðª(U+2A01A) ðª¯(U+2A02F) ðª(U+2A082) ðª¹(U+2A0F9) ðª(U+2A190) ðª²(U+2A2B2) ðª(U+2A38C) ðª·(U+2A437) ðª±(U+2A5F1) ðª(U+2A602) ðª(U+2A61A) ðª²(U+2A6B2) 𪧊(U+2A9E6) ð«(U+2B746) ð«(U+2B751) ð«(U+2B753) ð«(U+2B75A) ð«(U+2B75C) ð«¥(U+2B765) ð«¶(U+2B776) ð«·(U+2B777) ð«Œ(U+2B77C) ð«(U+2B782) ð«(U+2B789) ð«(U+2B78B) ð«(U+2B78E) ð«(U+2B794) ð«¬(U+2B7AC) ð«¯(U+2B7AF) ð«œ(U+2B7BD) ð«(U+2B7C9) ð«(U+2B7CF) ð«(U+2B7D2) ð«(U+2B7D8) ð«°(U+2B7F0) ð« (U+2B80D) ð« (U+2B817) ð« (U+2B81A) ð(U+2D544) ð®ž(U+2E278) ð®©(U+2E569) ð®ª(U+2E6EA) äœ (U+2F804) å
(U+2F80F) å(U+2F815) å€(U+2F818) å¬(U+2F81A) å²(U+2F822) åº(U+2F828) å(U+2F82C) å¿(U+2F833) åš(U+2F83F) å(U+2F846) å(U+2F852) 姬(U+2F862) å¯(U+2F86D) å°(U+2F873) å± (U+2F877) å·œ(U+2F884) 圢(U+2F899) 圫(U+2F89A) æ
(U+2F8A6) æ²(U+2F8AC) æ(U+2F8B2) æ(U+2F8B6) å(U+2F8D3) æ(U+2F8DB) æ(U+2F8DC) æ¡(U+2F8E1) æ (U+2F8E5) 槪(U+2F8EA) æ«(U+2F8ED) 沿(U+2F8FC) 浩(U+2F903) æ»(U+2F90B) 朮(U+2F90F) ç(U+2F91A) çš(U+2F920) çµ(U+2F921) ç(U+2F945) ç(U+2F947) çµ£(U+2F96C) èœ(U+2F995) è«(U+2F9D0) è»(U+2F9DE) 茞(U+2F9DF) å¶²(U+2F9F4)
廿¢ãããæåã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«2003幎5æçºè¡šã®Adobe-Japan2-0ãšãããã®ããããAdobe-Japan2-0ã¯JIS X 0212ã«çžåœããAdobe-Japan1-6ã«çµ±åããããAdobe-Japan2ã«1以éã®è¿œè£ã¯ããšããšååšããªãã
å®éã«ã¯ Adobe-Japan2-0ã«å«ãŸããAdobe-Japan1-6ã«ã¯å«ãŸããªãã°ãªããšããŠã挢å3å(æãæ®©ãæ±Žã®JIS X 0212èŠæ Œç¥šäŸç€ºå圢)ãååšãããããã«ã€ããŠã¯ãAdobe-Japan1-7ã§è¿œè£ãããèŠèŸŒã¿ã§ãã£ãããåè¿°ã®éããAdobe-Japan1-7ã§ã¯ã什åãååã®ã¿ã远å ãããã
å³å¯ã«ã¯ãåããåäœã«çžéãèªããããã
æ¥æ¬èªä»¥å€ã®CJKåã§äœ¿ãããæåã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«ãAdobe-GB1(ç°¡äœåäžåœèª)ã»Adobe-CNS1(ç¹äœåäžåœèª)ã»Adobe-KR(æé®®èª)ããããææ°çã¯ããããæ¬¡ã®éãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe-Japan1
|
6,197 |
éŠæ¥œã®ãžã£ã³ã«äžèЧ
|
éŠæ¥œã®ãžã£ã³ã«äžèЧ(ã»ãããã®ãžã£ã³ã«ãã¡ãã)
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E6%A5%BD%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AB%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7
|
6,198 |
æ°è¬¡
|
æ°è¬¡(ã¿ããããç¬: Volksliedãè±: folk song)ãšã¯ãäž»ã«æ°è¡ã®ç掻ã®ãªãã§çãŸãã壿¿ã«ãã£ãŠãããç¶ãããŠããæã®ç·ç§°ã
äžç¹å®å€æ°ã®æ°è¡ã«ãã£ãŠèªç±ã«äŒæ¿ãããŠãããã¡ã«èªç¶ãšåœ¢ã«ãªã£ãæã§ãããç¹å®ã®å°åéå£ãè·æ¥éå£ã«åºæã®æè¬¡ãšããæãæ¹ãäžè¬çã ããæ°äžä»£ã«æž¡ã£ãŠäœéšçã«ç¶æ¿ããããã®ã«éããèžèœãå°éãšããè
ãä¿®æ£ãå ãããã®ã¯é€å€ãããšããç«å Žãããã
æ°è¬¡ãšããæŠå¿µã¯ãã€ãã§èªçããã1773幎ã«ãã€ãã®ææ³å®¶ãã«ããŒã«ãã£ãŠVolksliedãšããçšèªãæå±ããããããã¯ãVolks(=æ°è¡ã®)ã+ ãLied(=æ)ããšããåæèªã§ãã£ãããã以åã¯å°åãæä»£ã«ããæ§ã
ã«åŒã°ããŠãããã®ããVolksliedãšç·ç§°ããã®ã§ããã
åºçŸ©ã«ã¯ãäœè
ãåãã£ãŠããæ°è¬¡èª¿ã®ä¿è¬¡ã»æ°æ°è¬¡ãªã©ãå«ã¿ãç¹å®ã®åœãå°åãæ°æã«ããããæ°ä¿é³æ¥œã®éèŠãªèŠçŽ ã§ãããããã®èŠå°ããã®ç·åçèšè¿°ã¯é³æ¥œæ°æåŠã®é
ã«è²ãã
æ¥æ¬èªã®ãæ°è¬¡ãã¯ææ²»æä»£(1868幎 -1912幎)ã®åã°ãæ°ä¿åŠãªã©åŠåçãªå¿
èŠããããã€ãèªã®Volksliedãšããçšèª(ãããã¯ãããè±èªã«èš³ãããfolk songã)ã®èš³èªãšããŠåµåºããã(ãæ°è¬¡ããªãèªã䜿ãå§ããã®ã¯æ£®éŽå€ãäžç°æã ãšãã)ãæ¥æ¬ã§ããã¯ããããŸã§ã¯å°åãæä»£ã«ããæ§ã
ã«åŒã°ããŠããããã ããé謡ãä¿è¬¡(ããã)ãªã©ãšãåŒã°ããŠããã
ãªã©
æ¥æ¬ã®æ°è¬¡ãšèšããšãç矩ã«ã¯æ¥æ¬åå°ã§ã®å£æ¿æã®ããšããããæ¥æ¬ã®æ°è¬¡ã¯ã壿¿ã§äŒããããŠããæå±æ²ã®ç·ç§°ã§ã倧éšåã¯æã®ã¿ã§æ¥œåšã¯å ãããªãã
æ°è¬¡ã®äžã«ã¯ãæ°è¡ã®çæŽ»ã«æ ¹ãããåŽåæãç¥ç¥ã»å¹Žäžè¡äºã®æãªã©ãå«ãŸããããåäŸåãã®ç«¥æ()ãåå®åãªã©ãå€ãå«ãŸããã
æ¥æ¬ã®æ°è¬¡ã¯æ¥æ¬èªã®çºå£°ãé»ãšæ·±ãçµã³ã€ããŠãããé³éã«é¢ããŠã¯ãéœææ³(é·èª¿)ã®ãã®ã¯ããšãæãé³éã§ããããªãºã ãé³ã®æ°ã«é¢ããŠã¯ã(åŽåæãé
åžã§ã®å³èããçãŸãããã®ãå€ããã)åäœãã倿åãªã©ã®è€éã§äžèªç¶ãªãªãºã ã鳿°ã®ãã®ãå°ãªããªãã
1987幎(æå62幎)ã®èª¿æ»ã§ã¯çŸåããæ°è¬¡ã¯ãããã58,000æ²ã§ããã
å£äŒã§äŒãããããããã®æ²ã®æè©ã¯ãåŽåæã®ã€ããæ°æã¡ãææããããã®æçŽããé
åžã§ã®æ§ã«ã€ããŠã®å
容ã®ãã®ãå€ãã£ããšèšããããè¿å¹Žã®æ²ã§ã¯ãçåç¯ãããã®ããäŸã§ã女工ãã®æ§ã«é¢ãã衚çŸãå«ãŸããŠããããã®æ²ãå°åã®äŒçµ±æåãšããŠåäŸãã¡ã«æãããããšã®æ¯éåé¡ã«çºå±ããããšãããããã®ããçŸåšæãããŠããæ°è¬¡ã®å€ãã¯ãææ²»ç¶æ°ä»¥åŸã«å°æ¹èªæ²»äœãæåå£äœãæè©ãå
¬åããäœä¿ãªæè©ãå·®ãæ¿ããŠãå°å
ã®äŒçµ±æåãšããŠåæ§ç¯ããããã®ãå€ããšããã
ãªããçŸåšã§ã¯å·éãªåŠåãšããŠã¯ã欧米ãªã©ã®åŠè
ã®äžçã§ã¯ãççæ°è¬¡ãã¢ã€ã鳿¥œãã"åºçŸ©ã®æ¥æ¬ã®æ°è¬¡"ã®æ ã®äžã«å
¥ããŠæ±ããšããããšã«ãªãã(ãã ããæ¥æ¬ã®äžéšã®æ°æäž»çŸ©çãªäººã¯ãææ
çã«ãªã£ãŠããããããæ¥æ¬ã®æ°è¬¡ãã®æ ã®å€ã®ãã®ãšèŠãªãããšããããšããããã ããçŸåšã§ã¯åŠåçã«èšãã°ãçç人ãçŽãããªãæ¥æ¬äººã®äžéšãªã®ã§ãççæ°è¬¡ãæ¥æ¬æ°è¬¡ã®äžéšãªã®ã§ããã)
åºçŸ©ã§ã¯ãåºã人å£ã«ç¥ãæž¡ã£ãæãšããæå³ã§ãæµè¡æã®äžéšãå«ãããšãããã
ç¹ã«ææ²»æä»£åŸæããå€§æ£æä»£ã«ãããŠååçœç§ãã«ãã£ãŠæ°ãã«åµäœãããæ°è¬¡é¢šã®æ²ã¯ããããŸã§ã®äŒçµ±çãªæ°è¬¡ãšåºå¥ããŠãæ°æ°è¬¡ãããããã¯ãåµäœæ°è¬¡ããšåŒã°ããããŸãå€§æ£æä»£ããæååæã«ãããŠäžå±±æå¹³ãè€äºæž
æ°Žãéå£éšæ
ã西æ¢å
«åãã«ãã£ãŠåµäœããããäž»ã«å°åã®å®£äŒã®ããã®æ°æ°è¬¡ã¯ãç¹ã«ãå°æ¹å°åããšåŒã¶å Žåãããã
æŠç°ä¿èŒãæ°è¬¡ã®åç·šæãã«ããã°ããæ°è¬¡ãã¯å€§æ£ããæååæã®éå£ãäžå±±ãã¬ã³ãŒãäŒç€Ÿãæéšçãæ°ä¿åŠãNHKã«ããéåã®çºæåãšãããã¹ãååšã§ãå
šåœåå°ã®é·åè²è±ããªæåŸããæ°è¬¡ãã®åã®ããšã«åç·šæã»åºå®åããå
šåœã«æµéãã¹ãç£æ¥åãããã®ãšãèšããäŸãã°å®æ¥ç¯ã®ããã«ãã®æ ããã¯ã¿åºãæµè¡ ã«ããæ£èª¿ããä¿åäŒããåŸããåºãŠæ¥ããšãã£ãäºäŸ ãããäºã§ãã®èŠæ¹ã¯äžå®ã®åãæã£ãŠããããã€ãŠåŽåãªã©ã®æ¥åžžã®ãããšãã®ãªãã§æãæãããéã«ã¯ãæå¥ãç¯åãã¯äººã«ãããæãšå Žåã«ããéã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%AC%A1
|
6,200 |
åæŠ
|
åæŠ()ã¯ãå
å·ãšããã«ç¶ã幎æ°ã«ãã£ãŠå¹Žã衚çŸãããæ¥æ¬ç¬èªã®çŽå¹Žæ³ã§ãããéŠæŠ()ãæ¥æ¬æŠ(ãã«ã»ããã)ãšãã
ãã®ææ³èªäœã¯æ±ã¢ãžã¢ã§åºãè¡ãããŠããããæ¥æ¬ç¬èªã®å
å·ãçšããŠããããæ¥æ¬åºæã®çŽå¹Žæ³ãšãªããé£é³¥æä»£ã®å埳倩çã«ãã£ãŠè¥¿æŠ645幎ã«å¶å®ãããã倧åãããã®å§ãŸãã§ããã以æ¥15äžçŽã«äºã£ãŠäœ¿ããç¶ããŠããŠããã
ããšãã°ã西æŠ2023幎ã¯ä»€å5幎ã«åœããã
ãŸãæŠæ³ã«ã€ããŠãææ²»æ¹æŠ(ææ²»6幎/西æŠ1873幎)ã§å€©ä¿æŠã«ä»£ããŠã°ã¬ãŽãªãªæŠãæ¡çšããŠä»¥éã¯ãææ¥ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã°ã¬ãŽãªãªæŠãšäžèŽããŠããã
æåã®å
å·ã倧åããå¶å®ããã西æŠ645幎(倧åã®æ¹æ°)以éã«ã248ã®å
å·ãæ¥æ¬ã§å¶å®ãããŠããããã ãããã¯ãå忿代ã«ãããäž¡æã®å
å·åæ¹ãå
šãŠå«ããæ°ã§ãããéè€ã®ãªãå
å·ã®æ°ã¯ãåæãæ¡ãå Žå(æŽä»£å€©çã®æ°ãæ¹ãšäžèŽãã)ã¯232ãåæãæ¡ãå Žåã¯241ã§ããã
å€ä»£ã«ã¯å
å·ãå¶å®ãããŠããªãæéããã£ããçŸåšãŸã§é£ç¶ããã®ã¯ã西æŠ701幎ã®å€§å®ããã§ããããŸããåè¿°ããããã«å忿代ã«ã¯2ã€ã®å
å·ã䞊è¡ããŠååšããŠããããã®ä»ã«ãå°æ¹ã®åä¹±å¢åãéœèœã¡ããå¢åãäžå€®ã®æ¹å
ã«åŸãããæ§å
å·ã䜿ãç¶ããäŸãããã€ãç¥ãããŠãããå€ãã®ç§å¹Žå·ãäŒããããŠããã
ææ²»ä»¥éã¯ãäžäžäžå
ã®è©ã»æ§ç宀å
žç¯ã»å
å·æ³ã«ããã倩çã®äœãç¶æ¿ããéã«ã®ã¿æ¹ããããšãå®ããããŠããã(äžäžäžå
ã®å¶)ãææ²»ä»¥åã¯ãäžåãªããšããã£ãããç
ãæµè¡ãããªã©ã®çç±ã§åºŠã
æ¹å
ãããããã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯1幎ããé·ããŠåæ°å¹Žã®éåžžã«çãæéããæç¶ããªãã£ããéã«ãæ°å€©çãå³äœããŠããæ¹å
ããªãã£ãããæ¥ã眮ããŠæ¹å
ããå Žåãå°ãªããªãã£ãã
æ¥æ¬ã®åœ¹æçã®å®å
¬åºãçºè¡ããææžãå®å
¬åºã«æåºããæžé¡(å
¬ææž)ã¯ãæ
£äŸã«ããåæŠãèšèŒãããã®ãå€ãããåæŠãèšèŒããªããã°ãªããªããšããæ³çãªæ ¹æ ã¯ååšããªããå€åçã¯ãåœå€ãšãããšãããæžé¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãååãšããŠè¥¿æŠãå©çšããæ¹éã瀺ãããæ¥æ¬åœå€ã§äž»ã«äœ¿ããã¹ããŒãããæ°è±¡èŠ³æž¬æ©åšã®è£œé 幎ã«ã¯è¥¿æŠã䜿çšãããŠãããæ°èãªã©ã«ã¯è¥¿æŠãšåæŠã䜵èšãããŠããã
ææ²»ä»¥åã®å
å·ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããªãããŸãããå
幎ãã¯1ãšèããã
èšç®ã«æéããããå Žåã¯ãæ©èŠè¡šãçšãããšäŸ¿å©ã§ããã
Microsoft Windowsã§ã¯ããã±ãŒã«ã«ãæ¥æ¬ããéžæããããšã§ãæ¥ä»åœ¢åŒã«ãåæŠããéžæã§ããã
Microsoft Officeãªã©ã®æžåŒæååã§ã¯ãå
å·ã¯ãgggããå
å·ã§ã®å¹Žæ°ã¯ãeã(0è©°ããªã)ããeeã(2æ¡ã«0è©°ãããã ã3æ¡ä»¥äžã«ãªããã)ã§è¡šããããããšãã°ã1990幎ããå¹³æ2幎ããšè¡šçŸããæžåŒæååã¯ãggge幎ãã§ãããæŒ¢å1æåã®ç¥èšã¯ãggããè±å1æåã®ç¥èšã¯ãgãã§ããããå
幎ã衚çŸã¯ãµããŒããããŠããªãã
ãŸãã¬ãžã¹ããªãŒãšãã£ã¿ãŒã§ããŒåHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Calendars\Japanese\Erasã« ãå€ã®ååãããè¥¿æŠ æ æ¥ã(æãšæ¥ã¯0åã)ãšãããå€ã®ããŒã¿ãããå
å·_å
å·ã®çç¥_ããŒãå衚èšãããå
å·_ããŒãå衚èšãããå
å·ã®1æåãã远å ããã°ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%9A%A6
|
6,202 |
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±
|
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±(ã®ãªã·ã¢ããããã®ãªã·ã¢èª: ελληΜική ÎŒÏ
Ξολογία)ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ããèªãäŒããããäŒæ¿æåã§ãå€ãã®ç¥ã
ãç»å Žãã人éã®ããã«ææåãç¹°ãåºããç©èªã§ãããã®ãªã·ã£ç¥è©±ãšãèšãã
å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢åžæ°ã®æé€ã§ãããããã«å€ä»£å°äžæµ·äžçã®å
±éç¥èã§ããã£ãããçŸä»£ã§ã¯ãäžççã«åºãç¥ãããŠãããã®ãªã·ã£ã®å°åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã£äººã«ãšã£ãŠæ¬ ãããªãæé€ãšããŠãæŽå²æç§ã®1ã€ã«ãªã£ãŠããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã¯ãããŒãç¥è©±ã®äœç³»åãšçºå±ãä¿é²ããããã©ããŒã³ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®å²åŠãææ³ããã¬ããºã æä»£ã®å®æãäžç芳ãããªã¹ãæç¥åŠã®æç«ãªã©ã倿¹é¢ã«åœ±é¿ãäžãã西欧ã®ç²Ÿç¥çãªèæ±ã®äžã€ãšãªã£ããäžäžã«ãããŠãç¥è©±ã¯äŒæ¿ããç¶ãããã®åŸã®ã«ããµã³ã¹æãè¿äžãè¿ä»£ã®ææ³ãèžè¡ã«ãšã£ãŠãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã¯éæã®æºæ³ã§ãã£ãã
仿¥ã®ãªã·ã£ç¥è©±ãšããŠç¥ãããç¥ã
ãšè±éãã¡ã®ç©èªã®å§ãŸãã¯ããããçŽå
å15äžçŽé ã«é¡ããšèããããŠãããç©èªã¯ããã®è嵿ã«ãããŠã¯ã壿¿åœ¢åŒã§ããããäŒããããŠãããçŽå
å9äžçŽãŸãã¯8äžçŽé ã«å±ãããšèãããããã¡ãŒãã¹ã®äºå€§åäºè©©ãã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ããšããªãã¥ãã»ã€ã¢ãã¯ããã®å£æ¿åœ¢åŒã®ç¥è©±ã®é ç¹ã«äœçœ®ããåäœãšããããåœæã®ãã¬ãŒãã¹(å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººã«ãã圌ãèªèº«ã®åŒç§°)ã®äžçã«ã¯ãç¥è©±ãšããŠã®åºæ¬çéªšæ Œãåããç©èªã®ååãååšããŠããã
ãããåœæã®äººã
ã®ãªãã§ãç¹ã«ãã©ã®ãããªç¥ã倩ã«ããããŠå€§å°ã森ã«ååšããããèªãåºããã®ã¯åé詩人ãã¡ã§ããã詩人ã¯å§¿ã®èŠããªãç¥ã
ã«é¢ããçå®ã®ç¥èã人éã«è§£ãæããååšã§ãã£ããç¥ã®éã詩人ã®å¿ã«å®¿ããäžæ»ãªãç¥ã
ã®äžçã®çå®ãäŒããŠãããã®ã§ãã£ãããã®ããããã¡ãŒãã¹çã®äœåã«ãããŠã¯ãã ãŒãµå¥³ç¥ãžã®ç¥ãã®èšèããæèªŠã®æåã«çœ®ãããã
壿¿ã§ã®ã¿äŒãã£ãŠããç¥è©±ããæåã®åœ¢ã§èšé²ã«çããç¥ã
ãè±éãã¡ã®é¢ä¿ãç§©åºããäœç³»çã«ãŸãšããã®ã¯ããã¡ãŒãã¹ããå°ãæä»£ããã ãçŽå
å8äžçŽã®è©©äººããŒã·ãªãã¹ã§ããã圌ãæã£ããç¥çµ±èšãã«ãããŠãããã®åé ã«ã¯ãããªã³ãŒã³å±±ã«å®®æ·ãå±
ãŸãè©©ç¥(ã ãŒãµ)ãžã®ç¥ããå
¥ã£ãŠãããããŒã·ãªãã¹ã¯çŸåããæç®ã®ãªãã§ã¯åããŠç³»çµ±çã«ç¥ã
ã®ç³»èãšãè±éãã¡ã®ç©èªãäŒããããã®ããã«ããŠã圌ãã®æä»£ãããªãã¡çŽå
å9äžçŽãã8äžçŽé ã«ããäœç³»çãªã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ããã®ãªã·ã¢äžçã«ãããŠæç«ãããšèããããã
ãããã®ç¥è©±äœç³»ã¯å°åããšã«é£ãéããå·®ç°ããããäŒæ¿ã®ç³»èããšã«æ§ã
ãªãã®ãæªã 枟ç¶ãšããŠæ··ããåã£ãŠããç¶æ
ã§ãããããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ãæ¯é
ããç¥ã
ã誰ã§ããã®ãã代衚çãªç¥ã
ã®çžäºé¢ä¿ã¯ã©ã®ãããªãã®ã§ããã®ãããŸãäžçã人éã®å§æºã«é¢ããã©ã®ãããªç©èªãèªãããŠããã®ãããªã©ãšãã£ãããšã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢äžçã«ãããŠã»ãŒå
±éããäºè§£ã®ãããã²ãšã€ã®ã·ã¹ãã ãšãªã£ãŠç¢ºç«ããã®ã§ããã
ããããåã
ã®ç¥ãè±éãå
·äœçã«ã©ã®ãããªããšãçºããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åœã
ã«ã©ã®ãããªäºä»¶ãèµ·ãããããã¯ã©ãããç¥ã
ã人ã
ã»è±éãšé¢é£ããŠãã©ã®ããã«å±éããã©ã®ãããªçµæãšãªã£ãã®ãããããã®è©³çްã现éšã®èª¬æã»æåãªã©ã¯ãåŸäžã®è©©äººãç©èªäœè
ãªã©ã®æ³ååããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®å£®éºãªç©èªã®æ®¿å ã食ããšå
±ã«ãè€éã§ç²ŸåŠãªåœ¢å§¿ãæ§æããã®ã ãšèšããã
次ãã§ãã®ãªã·ã¢æ²åã®è©©äººãã¡ããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«å¥¥è¡ããäžãããšå
±ã«ã人éçãªæ·±ã¿ããããããç¥è©±ãããäœç³»çã«ããã€åŒ·åºãªèŒªéãæã€äžçãšããŠç¯ãäžããŠè¡ã£ãããã¬ããºã æã«ãããŠã¯ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããªã¢å³æžé€šã®åžæžã§è©©äººã§ããã£ãã«ã«ãªãã³ã¹ãèšå€§ãªèšé²ãç·šéããŠç¥è©±ãèä»ããããŸãåããå峿žé€šã®åžæžã§ãã£ãããã¹ã®ã¢ãããŒããªã¹ãªã©ãæ°ããæ§æ³ã§ç¥è©±ç©èªãæãããããŒãåžæ¿æã«å
¥ã£ãŠããããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«å¯Ÿããåµé çåµäœã¯ç¶ç¶ããŠãããçŽå
åŸ1äžçŽã®è©©äººãªãŠã£ãã£ãŠã¹ã»ããŒãœã®ãå€èº«ç©èªããæ°ããç©èªãçã¿åºãããããã¯åæ§æããããŠãµãã¢ãŒã¹ã®æŽå²çå°ççèšé²ãã¢ãã¬ã€ãŠã¹ã®äœåãªã©ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«æŽã«è©³çްãå ããŠãã£ãã
çŽå
å8äžçŽã®ããŒã·ãªãã¹ã®ãç¥çµ±èšãã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãäœç³»çã«èšè¿°ãã詊ã¿ã®ããããã§ããããã¡ãŒãã¹ã®åäºè©©ãªã©ã«ãããŠãèŽè¡ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯æ¢ç¥ã®ãã®ãšããŠã詳现ã説æãããããšãªãèšåãããŠããç¥ã
ããå€ä»£ã®éžè©±ãªã©ããããŒã·ãªãã¹ã¯ç³»çµ±çã«èšè¿°ããããç¥çµ±èšãã«ãããŠç¥ã
ã®ç³»èãè¿°ã¹ããä»äºãšæ¥ã
ãã«ãããŠäººéã®èµ·æºãèšãããããŠçŸåšã¯æçã§ããæ®ã£ãŠããªããå婊åäŒãã«ãããŠè±éãã¡ã®èªçãèªã£ãã
ãã®ãããªè©Šã¿ã¯ãçŽå
å6äžçŽãã5äžçŽé ã®ã¢ã«ãŽã¹ã®ã¢ã¯ãŒã·ã©ãŒãªã¹ãã¬ãŒãã¹ã®ãã¬ãã¥ãŒããŒã¹ãªã©ã®èšè¿°ã«ãååšããçŸåšã¯å
ããªæçããæ®ã£ãŠããªã圌ãã®ã系統èªãã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®è©©äººãåäœå®¶ããããã¯ããŒãæä»£ã®ç©èªäœå®¶ãªã©ã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããã
å€ä»£ã«ããããã£ãšãäœç³»çãªã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®èšè¿°ã¯ãçŽå
åŸ1äžçŽé ãšèããããã¢ããããŒãã¹ã®ãã®ãªã·ã£ç¥è©±ã(3å·»16ç« +æèŠ7ç« )ã§ããããã®äœç³»ç系統æ¬ã¯ãçŽå
å5äžçŽä»¥åã®å€å
žã®ãªã·ã¢ã®çè
ã®æç®çãå
ã«ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãçºããããŠããããªãŠã£ãã£ãŠã¹ãªã©ã«èŠãããããã¬ããºã åããççŸãªè¶£ãããç¥è©±ãšã¯ãŸã£ããç°è³ªã§ãèã
ããå€é
ãªç¥è©±ç³»èãèšè¿°ããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽã§ããã
ãã¡ãŒãã¹ä»¥åã®å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã«ã¯æåããªãã£ãèš³ã§ã¯ãªãããã¥ã±ãŒãã€æä»£ã«ãã§ã«ç·æåBãååšããŠããããæé»æä»£ã«ãããŠãã®æåã®èšæ¶ã¯å€±ãããããããçŽå
å8äžçŽé ããããã§ããã¢æåãå
ã«å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢æåãçãŸãããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¯ãã®æåã§èšé²ãããããŸãåŸã«ã¯ããŒãã®è©©äººã»æåŠè
ãã©ãã³èªã«ãã£ãŠã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãèšè¿°ããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®ãããããç¥ãã«ã¯ãè¿ä»£ã«ãªã£ãŠçºéããèå€åŠã倧ããªåšåãçºæ®ãããèå€åŠã§ã¯å€ä»£ã®éºè·¡ãçºæããç ç©¶ãããã
ãããã®éºè·¡ã«ãããŠãè£
食圫å»ã圫åãç¥ã
ã人ç©ãæãã圩è²ãããå€å£ºãç¿ãªã©ãèŠã€ãã£ããèå€åŠè
ãç¥è©±åŠè
ã¯ã圫å»ã®å§¿ãæ§åŒãå€å£ºãç¿ã«æãããè±å¯ãªçµµãåæããŠãããããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã§èªãããç©èªã®å Žé¢ãåºæ¥äºãç¥ãè±éã®å§¿ãæãããã®ãšå€æããããããã®çµµå³ã¯æå³ãå«ãã§ããã(åŠè
ã«ãã£ãŠè§£éãåããããšããŠã)ããããç¥è©±ã®ç©èªãèªã¿åãããšãå¯èœã§ãã£ãã
仿¹ãçºæã«ãã倿ããèå€åŠçç¥èŠã¯ãæç®ã«èšãããŠããäºè±¡ãå®éã«ååšããã®ããèšè¿°ã劥åœã§ãã£ãã®ããåå³ãã岿ãšããŠãéèŠã§ãã£ããæŽã«ãæç®ã®ååšããªãæä»£ã«ã€ããŠã®ç¥èãæäŸããã19äžçŽæ«ã«ãã€ãã®ãã€ã³ãªãã»ã·ã¥ãªãŒãã³ã¯ãã¢ãããªã¢å島西端ã®ãããµã«ãªã¯ã®äžãçºæããããã«å¹Ÿå±€ãã®éœåžéºè·¡ãšç«çœã§æ»
ã³ããšèããããéºæ§ãçºèŠããŠãããããã€ã¢éºè·¡ãšæå®ããã圌ã¯ãŸãã®ãªã·ã¢æ¬åã§ãçŽ äººèå€åŠè
ãšããŠçºæãè¡ãããã¥ã±ãŒãã€æåã®éºæ§ãèŠãã ããã
20äžçŽã«å
¥ã£ãŠä»¥éãã¢ãŒãµãŒã»ãšãŽã¡ã³ãºã¯ããå³å¯ãªçºæèª¿æ»ãããã€ã¢éºè·¡ã«å¯Ÿãè¡ã£ãããŸãã¯ã¬ãŒã¿å³¶ã§èŠãã ãããŠããã¯ããŒãœã¹ãªã©ãææã®éºè·¡ã®çºæãè¡ãããããã§åœŒã¯äžçš®é¡ã®æå(çµµæåãç·æåAãšç·æåB)ãçºèŠãããç·æåBã¯éããªããã®ãªã·ã¢æ¬åã®ãã¥ãã¹ããã£ãŒãªã¥ã³ã¹ã§ã䜿çšãããŠããããšãèŠãã ãããã20äžçŽåã°ã«ãªã£ãŠããã€ã±ã«ã»ãŽã§ã³ããªã¹ããžã§ã³ã»ãã£ããŠã£ãã¯ã®ååã®ããšããã®æåãè§£èªããèšãããŠããã®ããã±ãŒãèªã§ããããšã確èªãããšå
±ã«ãå
容ãæããã«ããããããã¯ãã¡ãŒãã¹ãããã£ãããã€ã¢æŠäºã®æŽå²çãªåã埩å
ããæå³ãæã£ãããŸãæ°ã
ã®è±éãã¡ã®ç©èªã®ãªãã«ã¯ãçŽå
å15äžçŽã«é¡ããã¥ã±ãŒãã€æåã«èµ·æºãæã€ãã®ãããããšããåå°ã®éºè·¡ã®çºæç ç©¶ãéããŠç¢ºèªãããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã¯ã以äžã®äžçš®ã®ç©èªçŸ€ã«å€§å¥ã§ããã
第äžã®ãäžçã®èµ·æºããç©èªãç¥è©±çŸ€ã¯ãåéçã«ã¯çããäž»ã«äžã€ã®ç³»çµ±ãååšãã(ããŒã·ãªãã¹ããç¥çµ±èšãã§èšããã®ã¯ãäž»ãšããŠããã®ãäžçã®èµ·æºãã«é¢ããç©èªã§ãã)ã
第äºã®ãç¥ã
ã®ç©èªãã¯ãäžçã®èµ·æºã®ç¥è©±ãšããã®ååã«ãããŠå¯æ¥ãªé¢é£ãæã¡ãåŸåã§ã¯ãè±éãã¡ã®ç©èªãšçµ¡ã¿åã£ãŠãããè±éãã¡ã®ç©èªã«ãããŠã人éã®éåœã®èåŸã«ã¯ç¥ã
ã®æ§ã
ãªææããããæŽ»åãè¡ããããããè±éãã¡ã®ç©èªã«ã®ãªã·ã¢çãªå¥¥è¡ããšèºåãäžããŠããã
第äžã®ãè±éãã¡ã®ç©èªãã¯ãåéçã«ã¯ãã£ãšã倧ãããããããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãšããŠç¥ãããç©èªãéžè©±ã¯ã倧éšåããã®ã«ããŽãªãŒã«å
¥ãããã®ç¬¬äžã®ã«ããŽãªãŒãèšå€§ãªåéãæã¡ã倥ããç»å Žäººç©ããæãã®ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã«ãããç¥è©±ã®ç³»çµ±çèšè¿°ãšãèšãããå€äºèšãããããã«äžŠè¡ãã€ã€æŽå²æä»£ã«ãŸã§èšé²ãç¶ããæ¥æ¬æžçŽããããã§ããããã«ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®æŽå²æä»£ã«ãããçæã豪æãåå®¶ãšåŒã°ãã人ã
ããèªåãã¡ã®å®¶ç³»ã«æš©åšãäžãããããç¥ã
ãããã®åã§ãããåç¥ããšããŠã®è±éããå€ä»£ã®äŒèª¬çè±éãç¥å
ãšããŠç³»å³äœæã詊ã¿ãããã ãšãèšããã
ç¥è©±çè±éãäŒèª¬çãªçãªã©ã¯ãèšå€§ãªæ°ã®åå«ãæã£ãŠããããšããããæš¹æšã®æç¶ã«åå«ã®æ°ãå¢ããŠè¡ãäŸã¯çããããšã§ã¯ãªããæ«ç«¯ã®åå«ãšãªããšãã»ãšãã©å
·äœçãšããœãŒãããªããåãªãååã®çŸ
åã«ãªã£ãŠããããšãå°ãªããªãã
ãããããã®ããã«ç±æ¥äžæãªå€æ°ã®ååãšäººç©ã®çŸ
åãããã®ã§ãæŽå²æä»£ã®ã®ãªã·ã¢ã«ãããå€å°ãšãååã®ããå®¶æã®åžæ°ã¯ãèªåã¯ç¥è©±ã«èšèŒãããŠãã誰ããã®åå«ã§ãããšäž»åŒµã§ãããšãèšããããŠã§ã«ã®ãªãŠã¹ã®ãã¢ãšããŒã€ã¹ãããããŒã人ã®å
ç¥ãããã€ãšãŒæŠäºã«ãŸã§é¡ãããŠããã®ã¯æããã«ç¥è©±çç³»èã®æé ã§ããããããããŸããåºçŸ©ã«ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã ãšãèšãã(æ£ç¢ºã«ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«æ¥ç¶ãããåå²ããããããŒãç¥è©±ãã§ãã)ããŠã§ã«ã®ãªãŠã¹ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢äººèªèº«ããå€ä»£ããè¡ãªã£ãŠæ¥ãããšããçŽå
å1äžçŽåŸåã«ãã©ãã³èªã§è¡ãªã£ãã®ã§ããã
å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººã¯ä»ã®æ°æãšåæ§ã«ãäžçã¯ååã®æä»£ããååšãããã®ã§ãããšã®çŽ æŽãªæèãæã£ãŠããããããããŒãŠã¹ãäž»ç¥ãšããã³ã¹ã¢ã¹(ç§©åºå®å®)ã®èŠ³å¿µãæç«ããã«ã€ãããã®ããšå²åŠçãªæ§æ³ãæã€äžçã®å§åç¥è©±ãèªãããããã«ãªã£ãããããã¯ä»£è¡šçã«åçš®é¡ã®ãã®ãç¥ããã(ãã ãã2ãš3ã¯ãåãèµ·æºãæã€ããšãæ³å®ããã)ã
ç¥ã
ã®ç³»èã人éã®èµ·æºãªã©ã系統çãªç¥è©±ã«çºããããããŒã·ãªãã¹ã¯ãç¥çµ±èšãã«ãŠãäºã€ã®äž»èŠãªèµ·æºèª¬ãäŒããŠããã
ããŒã·ãªãã¹ãããã第äºã®èªç¶å²åŠçãªäžçåµé ãšè«žã
ã®ç¥ã®èªçã¯ãèªç¶çŸè±¡ã人éã«ãããå®ããççŸã»å°é£ãæ¬äººçã«è¡šçŸãããã®ãšãèšããããã®ãããªåœ¢ã®ç¥ã
ã®èªçã®ç³»èã¯ãäŸãã°æ¥æ¬ç¥è©±(ãå€äºèšã)ã«ãèŠãããäžçã®æåã§åºãèªããããå§åäŒæ¿ã§ããããç¥çµ±èšãã«åŸããšã次ã®ãããªå§åã®ç¥ã
ãèªçããããšã«ãªãã
ãŸãæ¢ã«è¿°ã¹ãéããã«ãªã¹(空é)ãšããã®ãã¡ã«ååšããèžåºãã¬ã€ã¢(倧å°)ããããŠæå¥ã®ã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ãšæãçŸããç¥ãšããŒã¹ã§ãããã¬ã€ã¢ããæŽã«ã幜å¥ã®ãšã¬ãã¹(æé»)ãšæããã¥ã¯ã¹(å€)ãçãããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ãŸãæµ·ã®ç¥ãã³ãã¹ãçã¿ããã³ãã¹ããæµ·ã®è人ããŒã¬ãŠã¹ãçãŸããããŸããã³ãã¹ã®æ¯åã¿ãŠããŒã¹ãããã€ãŒãªã¹(è¹)ããã«ãã¥ã€ã¢ã€ããããŠãŽã«ãŽãŒã³äžå§åйçãçãŸããã
äžæ¹ããã¥ã¯ã¹ããã¯ã¢ã€ããŒã«(é«å€©ã®æ°)ãšããŒã¡ã©ãŒ(æŒ)ãçããããŸããã¥ã¯ã¹ã¯ã¿ããã¹(æ»)ããã¥ããã¹(ç¡ç )ããªãã€ãã¹(倢)ããããŠè¥¿æ¹ã®é»éã®ææªã§èåãªãã¹ããªãã¹(ãã¹ããªã¹=å€å»ã»é»æã®è€æ°åœ¢)ãçã¿åºãããæŽã«ãã¢ã€ã©ã€(éåœ)ããã¡ã·ã¹(å¿å ±)ããšãªã¹(éäºã»äžå)ãªã©ãçã¿ã ãããã®æåŸã®ãšãªã¹ããã¯ãã¢ãŒããŒ(ç Žæ»
)ãå«ãæ§ã
ãªå¿ãŸãããç¥ã
ãçãŸãããšãããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã®çæš©ã確ç«ãããããŠãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹åäºç¥ãäžå¿ãšããã³ã¹ã¢ã¹(ç§©åº)ãäžçã«æç«ããããããããã®ãŒãŠã¹ã®ç暩確ç«ã¯çŽäœæ²æããŠããããŒãŠã¹ã¯ç¥ã
ã®çæã®ç¬¬äžä»£ã®çã§ããã
æåã«æé€ãããŠãŒã©ãã¹(倩)ãã¬ã€ã¢(倧å°)ã®å€«ã§ãããååã®ç¥ã
ã®ç¶ã§ãããç¥ã
ã®çã§ãã£ãããããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ãçãŸããŠããåãã®éããå«ã£ãŠã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ã«å¹œéãã倫ããŠãŒã©ãã¹ã«æšã¿ãæã£ãããŠãŒã©ãã¹ã®æ«æ¯åã§ããã¯ããã¹ãã¬ã€ã¢ã«ããã®ããããŠã巚倧ãªéãæ¯ãã£ãŠç¶èŠªã®ç·æ ¹ãåãèœãšãããã®çæš©ãç°å¥ªãããšãããããã®ããšã¯ããŒã·ãªãã¹ããã§ã«èšè¿°ããŠããããšã§ãããå
代ã®çè
ã®å»å¢ã«ããçæš©ã®ç°å¥ªã¯ç¥è©±ãšããŠã¯çãããããã¯ããã¿ã€ãã®ãã«ãªäººã®ç¥è©±ã«é¡äŸãèŠãã ããããã®ç¥è©±ã®åœ±é¿ããããšãèããããã
ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ããäžçã®æ¯é
æš©ã奪ã£ãã¯ããã¹ã¯ã第äºä»£ã®çæš©ãæã€ããšã«ãªããã¯ããã¹ã¯ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ãšã¬ã€ã¢ãçãã åäŸãã¡ã®ãªãã®æ«åŒã§ããã圌ã®å
ãšå§ã«åœããç¥ã
ã¯ãã¯ããã¹ã®çæš©ã®äžã§ãäžçãæ¯é
ã»ç®¡æããç¥ã
ãšãªãããšã¯ããããã®æä»£ã«ã¯ãŸã ãç¥ã
ã®åœ¹å²åæ
ã¯æç¢ºã§ãªãã£ããã¯ããã¹ã®å
åŒå§åйãã¡ã¯ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®ç¥ã
ãšåŒã°ãããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹åäºç¥ã«äŒŒãŠãäž»èŠãªç¥ã
ã¯ããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®åäºã®ç¥ããšåŒã°ããã
ãããã®ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®åäºã®ç¥ãšããŠã¯ãéåžžãæ¬¡ã®ç¥ã
ãæããããããŸã1)äž»ç¥ããã¯ããã¹ã2)ãã®åŠ»ã§ãã女ç¥ã¬ã¢ãŒã3)é·åãªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ã4)ã³ã€ãªã¹ã5)ãã¥ããªãŒãªãŒã³ã6)ã¯ã¬ã€ãªã¹ã7)ã€ãŒã¢ããã¹ã8)女ç¥ããŒãã¥ãŒã¹ã9)女ç¥ããã¹(æ³)ã10)女ç¥ã ããŒã¢ã·ã¥ããŒ(èšæ¶)ã11)女ç¥ãã€ããŒã12)女ç¥ãã€ã¢ãŒã§ãããã¢ããããŒãã¹ã¯å¥³ç¥ãã£ãªãŒããŒãã¯ããã¹ã®å§åŠ¹ã«æããŠãããããã®åã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®å¥³æ§åœ¢ã§ããã女ç¥ã®æ§æ Œã«ã¯è«žèª¬ãããã
ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã«ã¯ãã以å€ã«ããåå«ã倿°ååšãããåŸã«ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ç¥æã«æããã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ã«èœãšãããããå
šå¡ã眰ãåããèš³ã§ã¯ãªããåºçŸ©ã®ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®äžæã«ã¯ãã€ãŒã¢ããã¹ã®åã§ããã¢ãã©ãŒã¹ãããã¡ããŠã¹ããšãã¡ããŠã¹ãããã¥ããªãŒãªãŒã³ã®åã§ãããšãŒãªãŒã¹(æ)ãã»ã¬ããŒ(æ)ãããŒãªãªã¹(倪éœ)ãªã©ãããã
ç¥ã
ã®çã¯ããã¹ã¯ããããæ¯ã¬ã€ã¢ãšç¶ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ããåªãã®äºèšãåãããã¯ããã¹èªèº«ãããããŠçæš©ããã®æ¯åã«ç°å¥ªãããã ãããšãããã®ã§ãã¯ããã¹ã¯ãããæããŠãã¬ã¢ãŒãšã®ããã ã«çãŸããŠããåäŸããã¹ãŠé£²ã¿èŸŒããã¬ã¢ãŒã¯ããã«æããå¯ãã«æ«åãŒãŠã¹ãèº«ç± ããåºç£ãç³ãç£çã«ãããã§èµ€åãšåœãã¯ããã¹ã«æž¡ããã
ãŒãŠã¹ãæå¹Žã«éãããšã圌ã¯ç¶èŠªã¯ããã¹ã«åæãç¿»ãããŸãã¯ããã¹ã«è¬ã飲ãŸããŠåœŒã飲ã¿èŸŒãã§ãããŒãŠã¹ã®å§ãå
ãã¡ãåãåºããããã¯ããã¹ã¯ããã¹ãã£ã¢ãŒãããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«ãããŒã©ãŒã®äžå¥³ç¥ããããŠæ¬¡ã«ããã¹ãšãã»ã€ãã³ããããŠãŒãŠã¹ã®èº«ä»£ããã®ç³ã飲ã¿èŸŒãã§ããã®ã§ãé åºãéã«ããŠãããã®ç³ãšç¥ã
ãåãåºããã
ãŒãŠã¹ãã¡å
åŒå§åйã¯åãåãããŠã¯ããã¹ãšãã®å
åŒå§åйãã¡ãããªãã¡ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®äžæãšæŠäºãè¡ã£ããããããã£ãŒã¿ãŒãããã¢ãŒ(ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®æŠäº)ãšåŒã¶ããŒãŠã¹ãããã¹ããã»ã€ãã³ã®äžç¥ã¯ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒãããã¢ãŒã«ãããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããç¹ã«ãŒãŠã¹ã¯é·éãæãã€ããŠå°çãå
šå®å®ããããŠãã®æ ¹æºã§ããã«ãªã¹ãŸã§ãçŒãæãããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ãã¡ã«å€§ææãäžããåå©ããããã®åŸãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³æãã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ã«å¹œéããçŸè
巚人(ãã«ãã³ã±ã€ã¬ã¹)ãçªäººãšãããããããŠåå©ãããŒãŠã¹ãã¡ã¯äºãã«ãããåŒãããã®çµæããŒãŠã¹ã¯å€©ç©ºãããã»ã€ãã³ã¯æµ·æŽããããã¹ã¯å¥åºããã®æ¯é
é åãšããŠåŸãã
ãããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ããŒãŠã¹ãã¡ã幜éããããšã«æãããŠãŒã©ãã¹ãšäº€ãã£ãŠãã®ã¬ãŒã¹(巚人)ãã¡ãçã¿åºãããã®ã¬ãŒã¹ãã¡(ã®ã¬ã³ãã¹)ã¯å·šå€§ãªäœãšç°çãªæ°æ§ãåãã圌ãã¯å€§æããŠãŒãŠã¹ãã¡ã®äžæã«æŠããæãã ããŒãŠã¹ãã¡ã¯èŠæŠããããã·ã·ãªãŒå³¶ãã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã®äžã«æãããããªã©ãæ¿ããäºãã®æ«ã«ãããæç Žããããããã®æŠããã®ã¬ã³ãããã¢ãŒ(å·šäººã®æŠäº)ãšåŒç§°ããã
ããããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ãªã諊ãããæŽã«æã£ãŠã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ãšäº€ãããæªç©ãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãçã¿åºããããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã¯çŒç±ã®åŽæµã§å°çãçŒãå°œããã倩ã«çªé²ããŠå
šå®å®ãå€§æ··ä¹±ã®æžŠã«å©ã蟌ããªã©ãå§åçãªåŒ·ããèªã£ããããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ç¥æã®é£æºã«ãã£ãŠéã«æåãæ»
ãŒãããã
ããããŠããŒãŠã¹ã®çæš©ã¯ç¢ºç«ããã
ç¥ã
ã¯ããã¡ãŒãã¹ã«ããã°ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®é«å±±ã«å®®æ·å±
ãŸããå±±é ã®å®®æ®¿ã«ãã£ãŠãçµ¶ããããšã®ãªãé¥å®Žã§æ¥ã
ãéãããŠãããšããããç¥ã
ã¯äžæ»ã§ãããç¥é£(ã¢ã ããã·ã¢ãŒ)ãé£ã¹ãç¥é
(ãã¯ã¿ãŒã«)ã飲ãã§ãããšãããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã®çæš©ã®äžãäžçã®ç§©åºã®äžéšããããã管æãããããã®ç¥ã
ã¯ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ãšãåŒã°ãããã®äž»èŠãªç¥ã¯å€ããããåäºã®ç¥ã(ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹åäºç¥)ãšããŠäººã
ã«ææ¡ãããŠãããåäºã®ç¥ã¯äºã€ã®äžä»£ã«åãããã¯ããã¹ãšã¬ã¢ãŒã®æ¯åã»åš(ãŒãŠã¹ã®å
åŒå§åй)ã«åœãã第äžäžä»£ã®ç¥ã
ãšããŒãŠã¹ã®æ¯åã»åšã«åœãã第äºäžä»£ã®ç¥ã
ãããã
æä»£ãšå°æ¹ãäŒæ¿ã«ãã£ãŠã幟åãã®éããããããäž»èŠãªåäºã®ç¥ã¯ã第äžäžä»£ã®ç¥ã1)ç§©åº(ã³ã¹ã¢ã¹)ã®è±¡åŸŽã§ãããç¥ã
ã®ç¶ãŒãŠã¹ã2)ãã©ãŒå¥³ç¥ã3)ãã»ã€ãã³ã4)ããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«å¥³ç¥ã5)ãã¹ãã£ã¢ãŒå¥³ç¥ã®5æ±ã«ã第äºäžä»£ã®ç¥ãšããŠã6)ã¢ããã³ã7)ã¢ã¬ãŒã¹ã8)ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã9)ããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ã10)ã¢ãã女ç¥ã11)ã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒå¥³ç¥ã12)ã¢ã«ããã¹å¥³ç¥ã®7æ±ã§ããããŸãããã¹ãã£ã¢ãŒã®ä»£ããã«ããã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ãåäºç¥ãšããå Žåããããããã¹ãšãã®åãã«ã»ããã¯ãå°äž(ã¯ãããªã¹)ã®ç¥ãšããããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã§ã¯ãªãããäž»èŠãªç¥ãšããŠãåäºç¥ã®ãªãã«æ°ããå Žåãããã
ããããã®ç¥ã¯ãåŽæã®æ ¹æ å°ãæã€ã®ãæ®éã§ããŸãç¥ã
ã®ç¿åãèµ·ãã£ãŠãããšããåºç¯å²ã«ãããå°æ¹ã®ç¥ã
ãåã蟌ãã ç¥ã¯ãå€ãã®åŽæã®æ ¹æ å°ãæã€ããšã«ããªããã¢ããã®ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿å°å£ã«ã¯ãåäºã®ç¥ã®åœ«åãå»ãŸããŠãããããã®åäºç¥ã¯ãäžèšã®äžèЧãšäžèŽããŠãã(ãã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ãåäºç¥ã«å
¥ã£ãŠãã)ã
ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã代衚ããåäºã®ç¥ãšå°äžã®ç¥ããŒããŒã¹ç以å€ã«ãããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®äžçã«ã¯æ§ã
ãªç¥ã
ãååšããã圌ãã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®åäºç¥ãä»ã®æåãªç¥ãããšããŒã¹ã®åã«ãã£ãŠäºãã«äº€ããããšã«ãã£ãŠçãŸããç¥ã§ããããŸããåºçŸ©ã®ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®äžæã«å±ããè
ã«ãããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®äžå¡ãšããŠç¥ã
ã®åžã®äžç«¯ãå ããéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæ
ã£ãŠããè
ãããã
ç¥ã
ã®ããã ã®å©å§»ãããã¯äº€ããã«ãã£ãŠçãŸããç¥ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªè
ãããã
ç¥ã
ã®ç¶ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ãçåœãç¥ãç¥æµã®å¥³ç¥ã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ãæåã®åŠ»ãšããããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ãåŠåš ããã®ãç¥ãããããã飲ã¿èŸŒãã ãã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ã®æºæ
§ã¯ããããŠãŒãŠã¹ã®ãã®ãšãªããã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ãããŒãŠã¹ã®ç¬¬äžã®åšã¢ãããçãŸããããŒãŠã¹ã®æ£åŠ»ã¯ç¥ã
ã®å¥³çãã©ã§ããããã©ãšã®ããã ã«ã¯ãã¢ã¬ãŒã¹ãããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ã鿥ã®å¥³ç¥ããŒããŒãåºç£ã®å¥³ç¥ãšã€ã¬ã€ãã¥ã€ã¢ãçãŸããããŸãã倧å°ã®è±ç©£ã®å¥³ç¥ããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«ãšã®ããã ã«ã¯ãå¥åºã®å¥³çãã«ã»ãããããããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ãŸãããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ç¥æã®ãã£ãªãŒããŒãšã®ããã ã«ã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒããããããã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒã¯ãã¯ããã¹ãåæããç¶ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ã®ç·æ ¹ãæµ·ã«æãå
¥ããéããã®ãŸããã«çããæ³¡ããçãŸãããšã®èª¬ããããããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç³»èäžã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®åšã§ããããŒãŠã¹ã¯ããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®äžæã³ã€ãªã¹ã®åšã¬ãŒããŒãšã®ããã ã«ã¢ã«ããã¹å¥³ç¥ãšã¢ããã³ã®å§åŒã®ç¥ããããããæŽã«ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã§ããã¢ãã©ãŒã¹ã®åšãã€ã¢ãšã®ããã ã«ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ããããããæåŸã«ã人éã®åšã»ã¡ã¬ãŒãšäº€ãã£ãŠãã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ãããããã
ã¢ããã¯ã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ã®åšã§ãããããã®èªçã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®é éšããæŠè£
ããŠåºçŸãããšãããããŸããããã«å¯ŸæããŠåŠãã©ã¯ãç¬åã§æ¯åããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ãçãã ãšããããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯æŽã«ããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®å¥³ç¥éãšäº€ãããéåœãçŸãå£ç¯ãèžè¡ã®ç¥ã
ããããããæ³åŸã»æã®å¥³ç¥ããã¹ãšã®ããã ã«ãããŒã©ã€ã®äžå¥³ç¥ãšã¢ã€ã©ã€ã®äžå¥³ç¥ãããªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ãšããŒãã¥ãŒã¹ã®åšãšãŠãªã¥ãã¡ãŒãšã®ããã ã«ã«ãªãã¹(åªé
=ã«ãªã¹)ã®äžå¥³ç¥ãããããŠèšæ¶ã®å¥³ç¥ã ããŒã¢ã·ã¥ããŒãšã®ããã ã«ä¹æ±ã®èžè¡ã®å¥³ç¥ã ãŒãµã€(ã ãŒãµ)ãããããã
ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®åäºã®ç¥ã
ã¯ããŒãŠã¹ãäŸå€ãšããŠãåãããããªããããããããšããŠãå°ãªãå Žåãã»ãšãã©ã§ããããã»ã€ããŒã³ã¯æ¯èŒçã«æ¯åã«æµãŸããŠããããã¢ã³ãããªãŒããŒãšã®ããã ã«çãŸããããããæµ·ã®äžæãšãèšããããªãŒããŒã³ããã³ãã·ãã¥ãŒã¡ãŒãããŒãªãªã¹ã®åŠ»ãããŒãé€ããšãæªç©ã銬ãä¹±æŽãªäººéãå€ãã
çŸã®å¥³ç¥ã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒã¯äººæ°ã®é«ã女ç¥ã§ãã£ããããæ°å€ãã®ç¥è©±ã«ç»å Žããå€ãã®åã©ããçãã ãããã®ç¶èŠªã¯åã©ãã®æ°ãšåããããå€ãã£ãã圌女ã®å€«ã¯éå¶ã®ç¥ããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ãšãããããæäººã®ã¢ã¬ãŒã¹ãšã®ããã ã«ããã€ã¢ã¹(ææ
)ãšããã¹(æèµ°)ã®å
åŒãããããŸãããŒã·ãªãã¹ããååã®ç¥ãšããŠæåã«çãŸãããšããŠããæç¥ãšãã¹ã¯ã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒãšã¢ã¬ãŒã¹ã®æ¯åã§ãããšãããããšãããããã®èª¬ã¯ã·ã¢ãŒãããŒã¹ãæåã«è¿°ã¹ããšããããããããšãã¹ãããã£ãŠã¯èª°ã®æ¯åã§ããã®ãã«ã€ããŠè«žèª¬ããããšã€ã¬ã€ãã¥ã€ã¢ã®åã§ãããšãã西颚ãŒãã¥ãã¹ãšãšãŒãªãŒã¹ã®åã§ãããšãããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã®åããããã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®åã§ãããšããããããšããŒã¹ãšå¯Ÿã«ãªãæç¥ã¢ã³ãããŒã¹ãã¢ã¬ãŒã¹ãšã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒã®åã ãšãããã
ä»ã®ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®æåãªç¥ã
ãããã¹ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ããã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ã«ã¯ç®ç«ã£ãåãããªããã¢ããã³ã¯ç¥æ§ã«å
ã¡ãçŸé幎ã®åã§èããããŠããã®ã§ãææèã倿°ãããæäººã®æ°ãå€ãããç¥ãšãªã£ãåã¯ããªãããã ãã圌ã®åãšãããããªã«ããŠã¹ãã¢ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒããªã¹ããäŸå€çã«æ»åŸã«ç¥ãšãªã£ãã
åºçŸ©ã®ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®åå«ãããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ã«æ°ããããããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ãã¡ã¯ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒãããã¢ãŒã§ã®æåã®åŸãã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ã«èœãšãããããåŸã«ãŒãŠã¹ã¯åœŒãã赊ãããšãã話ãããããã³ããã¹ã¯ããã¥ãŒãã£ã¢ç¬¬åç¥åæãã®ãªãã§ããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®è§£æŸã«èšåããŠãããæŠãã«æãããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã¯ãã®åŸãç¥è©±ã«å§¿ãçŸããªããããã®åäŸãã¡ãããŠãŒã©ãã¹ã®åå«ãã¡ã¯ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç§©åºã®ãªãã§äžå®ã®åœ¹å²ãåããŠæŽ»åããŠããã
ã€ãŒã¢ããã¹ã®åã¢ãã©ã¹ã¯ã倩空ãèã«æ¯ãç¶ãããšããèŠåœ¹ã«èããŠãããå
åŒã®ããã¡ããŠã¹ã¯æŠäºã«ã¯å ãããªãã£ããããŒãŠã¹ã欺ãã眪ã§ã«ãŠã«ãŒãœã¹ã®å±±é ã§çãããŸãŸé·²ã«æ¯æ¥èèãé£ããããšãã眰ãåããŠãããšããããã©ã¯ã¬ã¹ãé·²ãæ®ºããŠè§£æŸããããã¥ããªãŒãªãŒã³ãšãã€ã¢ãŒã®åãšãŒãªãŒã¹ãã»ã¬ããããŒãªãªã¹ã¯ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ã®ãªãã§ãè¯ãç¥ãããååšã§ããããšãŒãªãŒã¹ã¯æç¥ã¢ã¹ãã©ã€ãªã¹ãšã®ããã ã«ã西颚ãŒãã¥ãã¹ãå颚ããã¹ãå颚ãã¬ã¢ãŒã¹ãªã©ã®é¢šã®ç¥ãšå€æ°ã®æã®ç¥ãçãã ããŸãã¢ããŒããŒã®åãã«ããããŒã±ãŒ(åå©)ããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®åšã§ãããããŒãŠã¹ã«å³æ¹ããã
ååã®ç¥ã§ããã£ããã³ãã¹ãšãã®æ¯åã®æµ·ã®è人ããŒã¬ãŠã¹ã¯ããã»ã€ããŒã³ã«åœ¹è·ã奪ãããããã«èŠãããã圌ãã®æ«è£ã¯ãæ°ç¥ãã¬ããŒã¬ã€ãã¹(æµ·ã®åšãã¡)ãšãªãããã¥ã³ããŒãšããŠããããã¯å¥³ç¥ãšããŠæŽ»èºããããã³ãã¹ã®äžæã§ããè¹ã®å¥³ç¥ã€ãŒãªã¹ã¯ç¥ã
ã®äœ¿è
ãšããŠæŽ»èºããŠããããŸããåºçŸ©ã®ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³äžæã«å±ããã¢ãã©ãŒã¹ã¯ããªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ã®åšãã¬ãŒã€ãªããŒãšã®ããã ã«ãã¬ã€ã¢ãã¹ã®äžæ±ã®å¥³ç¥ãããããã圌女ãã¡ã¯ãæé€ãã倩ã«ãã£ãŠæåº§ãšããŠèããŠããã
ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒãããã¢ãŒã®åå©ã®åŸããŒãŠã¹ãããŒããŒã¹ããã»ã€ããŒã³ã®å
åŒã¯ãããåŒããŠããããã®æ¯é
é åãæ±ºããããå°äžäžçã¯å
±åã§ç®¡æããããšãšãããå°äžã¯ã¬ã€ã¢ã®äžçã§ãããã¬ã€ã¢ãã®ãã®ãšãèšãããå°äžã«ã¯éžå°ãšæµ·æŽããããæ²³å·ãæ¹æ²ŒããŸãç·è±ããªæš¹æšã®ç¹ã森æããèè±ã®å²ãè«ãéåãæž
ãããªæ³ãªã©ããã£ãã
å°äžã¯äººéã®æ®ããå Žæã§ããããŸãæ°å€ãã®åç©ãã¡ãæ€ç©ã棲æ¯ãç¹èããå Žæã§ãããããããŠå€ªå€ããããã«ã¯ãæ§ã
ãªç²ŸéãååšããŠããã粟éã®å€ãã¯å¥³æ§ã§ããã圌女ãã¡ã¯ãã¥ã³ããŒ(ãã³ã)ãšåŒã°ãããnymphee(ΜÏ
ÎŒÏη)ãšã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢èªã§ãè±å«ããæå³ããèšèã§ãããã圌女ãã¡ã¯è¥ãçŸããåšã®å§¿ã§ãã£ãã
ãã¥ã³ããŒã¯ãäŸãã°ããç¹å®ã®æš¹ã®ç²Ÿéã§ãã£ãå Žåããã®æš¹ã®æ¯æ»ãšå
±ã«æ¶ãå»ã£ãŠããŸãããšããã£ãããå€ãã®å Žåã人éã®å¯¿åœãéãã«è¶
ããé·ã寿åœãæã£ãŠãããç¥ã
åæ§ã«äžæ»ã®ãã¥ã³ããŒãååšããã
森æãå±±éã®åŠå¥³ã®ãã¥ã³ããŒã¯ã¢ã«ããã¹å¥³ç¥ã«ä»ãåŸãã®ãæ®éã§ããããŸããããŒã³ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãªã©ãããã¥ã³ããŒã«èŠªããç¥ã§ãã£ããå€ä»£ã®ã®ãªã·ã¢ã«ã¯ããã¥ã³ããŒã«å¯ŸããåŽæã»ç¥åãååšããããšããã¡ãŒãã¹ã«ãã£ãŠèšåãããŠãããããã¯èå€åŠçã«ã確èªãããŠããããã¥ã³ããŒã¯æããä¹å¥³ã§ãããç¥ã
ã粟éã人éãšäº€ãã£ãŠåãçããšãæ¯ãšãªã劻ãšããªã£ããå€ãã®è±éããã¥ã³ããŒãæ¯ãšããŠèªçããŠããã
ãã¥ã³ããŒã¯ãã®äœåŠã«ãã£ãŠåŒã³åãç°ãªãã
éžå°ã®ãã¥ã³ããŒãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªãã®ãããã1)ã¡ãªã¢ãã¹(åæ°:ã¡ãªã¢ã¹)ã¯ãã£ãšãå€ããããããã¥ã³ããŒã§ããŠãŒã©ãã¹ã®åå«ãšããããããããªã³ã®æš¹ã®ç²Ÿéã§ããã2)ãªã¬ã€ã¢ãã¹(åæ°:ãªã¬ã€ã¢ã¹)ã¯å±±ã®ãã¥ã³ããŒã§ããã3)ã¢ã«ã»ã€ãã¹(åæ°:ã¢ã«ã»ã€ã¹)ã¯æ£®ãæã®ãã¥ã³ããŒã§ããã4)ããªã¥ã¢ãã¹(åæ°:ããªã¥ã¢ã¹)ã¯æš¹æšã«å®¿ããã¥ã³ããŒã§ããã5)ããã€ã¢ã€(åæ°:ããã€ã¢ãŒ)ã¯å±±éã®è°·éã«äœããã¥ã³ããŒã§ããã6)ããŒã€ã¢ãã¹(åæ°:ããŒã€ã¢ã¹)ã¯æ·¡æ°Žã®æ³ãæ²³ã®ãã¥ã³ããŒã§ããã
ãããã®ãã¥ã³ããŒã¯éžå°ã«äœåŠãæã€è
ãã¡ã§ãããäžæ¹ãæµ·æŽã«ã¯ãªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ã®åšãã¡ãããŒã¬ãŠã¹ã®åšãã¡ã倿°ããã圌女ãã¯çŸããåšã§ããšãã«å¥³ç¥ã«è¿ãååšã§ããããšãããã
æµ·æŽã®ãã¥ã³ããŒã¯ããã女ç¥ã«è¿ãã1)ãªãŒã±ã¢ããã¹(åæ°:ãªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹)ã¯ããªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ããã®å§åйããŒãã¥ãŒã¹ã®ããã ã«ããããåšãã¡ã§ã3000人ãã€ãŸãç¡æ°ã«ãããšãããããã®äºæ±ã®ç¥ããã¯ãŸãããã¹ãŠã®æ²³å·ã®ç¥ãæ¯åãšããŠçãŸããŠãããæ²³å·ã®ç¥ãšãªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ãã¡ã¯å§åŒã»å
効ã®é¢ä¿ã«ããããšã«ãªããå¥åºã®æ²³ã§ããã¹ãã¥ã¯ã¹ããã±ã€ããŒã³ã®æ¯ãšãªã£ãããªã¥ã©ãŒãã¢ãã©ãŒã¹ãããã¡ãŒããŠã¹å
åŒã®æ¯ã§ããã¯ãªã¥ã¡ããŒãªã©ãç¥ãããã2)ããŒã¬ãŒã€ãã¹(åæ°:ããŒã¬ãŒã€ã¹)ã¯ãããŒã¬ãŠã¹ãšãªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ã®åšããŒãªã¹ã®ããã ã®åšã§ã50人ãããšãã100人ãããšãããããã¢ã³ãããªãŒããŒãããã£ã¹ãã¬ã©ãã£ã¢ãã«ãªã¥ããœãŒãªã©ãç¥ãããã
ãã¥ã³ããŒã¯èªç¶çã«ãã女æ§ã®ç²Ÿéã§ããªãã«ã¯ç¥ã
ãšçããè
ãããã仿¹ãå°äžã®äžçã«ã¯ãã¥ã³ããŒãšå¯Ÿã«ãªã£ãŠãããšãèšããç·æ§ã®ç²Ÿéãååšããã圌ãã¯ãã®å§¿ãã人éãšã¯ããããç°ãªãå Žåããã£ãã圌ãã¯å±±éã®ç²Ÿéã§ãå
·äœçã«ã¯1)ããŒã³(å¥åã¢ã€ã®ããŒã³ããå±±çŸã®å§¿ã®ããŒã³ãã®æ)ã2)ã±ã³ã¿ãŠãã¹ã3)ã·ãŒã¬ãŒãã¹ã4)ãµãã¥ãã¹ãªã©ãæããããã圌ãã®å§¿ã¯ãäžå身ã¯äººéã«è¿ãããäžå身ã銬ãå±±çŸã§ãã£ãããé¡ã«è§ããã£ããããã
äžèšã®äžã§ããŒã³ã¯å¥æ Œãšãèšãããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãšããªã¥ãªãã¹ã®åšããªã¥ãªããŒã®ããã ã®åã§ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã®äžå¡ã§ãããããã ãããŒã³ã誰ã®åããšããããšã«ã€ããŠã¯è«žèª¬ãããã·ã¥ãŒãªã³ã¯ã¹ãšããç¬ã奜ã¿ã奜è²ã§ããã£ããã±ã³ã¿ãŠãã¹ã¯å人å銬ã®å§¿ã§ãä¹±æŽãã€ç²éã§ããããã±ã€ããŒã³ã ãã¯ç°ãªããå»è¡ã«é·ãããŸãäžæ»ã§ãã£ããã·ãŒã¬ãŒãã¹ãšãµãã¥ãã¹ã¯åãçš®æãšèããããåè
ã¯éЬã«äŒŒãŠå¹Žé·ã§ãããåŸè
ã¯å±±çŸã«äŒŒãŠãããç²éã§å¥œè²ã§ããã¥ã³ããŒãã¡ãšæ¯ãæŽãåãããšãå€ã
ãã£ãã
圌ããå±±éã®ç²Ÿéã§ããã®ã«å¯Ÿããå°äžã®å€æ°ã®æ²³å·ã«ã¯ããªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ãšããŒãã¥ãŒã¹ã®æ¯åã§ããæ²³å·ã®ç²Ÿéãããã¯ç¥ããã(ãã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ã21ç« ããç¥çµ±èšã)ã圌ãã¯æ®éãæ²³ç¥(river-gods)ããšåŒã°ããã®ã§ã粟éããã¯æ Œãé«ããšèšããã3000人ãããšããããªãŒã±ã¢ããã¹ã®å
åŒã«åœãããæ²³ç¥ã«å¯ŸããåŽæãããã圌ãã®ããã®å瀌ãšç€Ÿæ®¿ãªã©ããã£ããã¹ã«ãã³ããã¹æ²³ç¥ãšã¢ã±ããŒãªã¹æ²³ç¥ãããç¥ãããã
å§åã®ç¥ãããŸãã¯ç¥ããã®åå«ã®ãªãã«ã¯ãç°åœ¢ã®å§¿ãæã¡ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ã人éã«çæãäžããããããæªç©ããšåœ¢å®¹ãããååšããããäŸãã°ãŽã«ãŽãŒã³äžå§åйãªã©ã¯ãæµ·ã®ç¥ãã³ãã¹ã®åå«ã§ãæ¬æ¥ã¯ç¥ã§ãããããã®å§¿ã®ç°æ§ãããæªç©ãšããŠåãåãããŠããã
ãŽã«ãŽãŒã³äžå§åйã¯ãã«ãã¥ãŒã¹ãšã±ãŒããŒã®åšã§ãæ«åšã®ã¡ãã¥ãŒãµãé€ããšäžæ»ã§ãã£ãããé éšã®é«ªãèã§ãã£ãããŸãããã®å§åйã§ããäžæ±ã®ã°ã©ã€ã¢ã€ã¯çãŸããªããã«èå©ã®å§¿ã§ãã£ããäžæ»ã§ãã£ãããã«ãã¥ã€ã¢ã€ã¯ã¿ãŠããŒã¹ã®åšãã¡ã§ã女ã®é éšã«é³¥ã®äœãæã£ãŠãããã¬ã€ã¢(倧å°)ãååã«çãã æ¯åãåšã®ãªãã«ã¯ãã¥ã¯ããŒãã¹(äžçŒå·šäºº)ãããã«ãã³ã±ã€ã«(çŸè
巚人)ã®ãããªç°åœ¢ã®è
ãã¡ãæ··ãã£ãŠããããŸãã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ç¬åã§ãæ§ã
ãªãæªç©ãã®ç¶ãšããããå€©ãæ©ãã巚倧ãªãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãçã¿åºããã
ãšãããã¯ãäžå身ã女ãäžå身ãèã®æªç©ã§ããŽã«ãŽãŒã³ãã¡ã®å§åйãšããããåºçã«ã¯è«žèª¬ãããããã®ãšããããšãã¥ãŒããŒã³ã®ããã ã«ã¯å€æ°ã®åäŸãçãŸãããç
åã®é éšã«å±±çŸã®èŽãèã®å°Ÿãæã€ããã€ã©ãããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã«éæ²»ããããã¥ãã©ãŒ(æ°Žè)ãå¥åºã®çªç¬ãå€é ã§ç¬åœ¢ã®ã±ã«ããã¹ãªã©ã§ããããŸããšãžããèµ·æºã®ã¹ãã³ã¯ã¹ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§ã¯å¥³æ§ã®æªç©ãšãªã£ãŠããããããããšãããã®åãšãããã
ãããã®å€ãã¯ãç¥ããããã¯ç¥ã«æºããååšã§ããããã»ã€ããŒã³ãšããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«ã銬ã®å§¿ãšãªã£ãŠäº€ãã£ãŠããããã®ããå銬ã¢ã¬ã€ãªãŒã³ã§ããã仿¹ããã»ã€ããŒã³ã¯ã¡ãã¥ãŒãµãšã®ããã ã«æç¿Œã®å€©éЬããŒã¬ãœã¹ããã¯ãªã¥ãŒãµãŒãªãŒã«(ãé»éã®å£ãæã€è
ãã®æ)ãããããã
ã»ã€ã¬ãŒã³ã¯ããªãã¥ãã»ã€ã¢ãã«ç»å Žããæµ·ã®ç²Ÿéã»æªç©ã§ãããã人ãé
æããæã§æ»
ã³ããããããã ãŒãµã®åšã§ãããšãããããã諞説ãããå
ã
ãã«ã»ãããŒã«åŸã粟éã ã£ããšãæ³å®ããããããªãã¥ãã»ã¢ã€ã¢ãã«ç»å Žããæªç©ãšããŠã¯ãå
ã€ã®é éšãæã€å¥³æªã¹ãã¥ã©ãšæžŠå·»ãã®æ¬äººåãšãããã«ãªã¥ããã£ã¹ãªã©ãããã
å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººã¯ãç¥ã
ãååšããåŸå€ãã人éã®ç¥å
ã¯ååšããŠãããšããèããæã£ãŠããããšãç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ããŒã·ãªãã¹ã®ãä»äºãšæ¥ã
ãã«ããã®ãããªèª¬æããªãããŠããã仿¹ããä»äºãšæ¥ã
ãã¯æ§æçã«ã¯éå€ãªè©©äœåãèéãããšããè¶£ãããããç¥çµ±èšãããå婊åäŒããåããŠããæŽç¶ãšãããäŒæ¿ã®æŽçä»ãã¯ãªããåœæã®åº¶æ°(ãšãããèŸ²èæ°)ã®æ±ããŠããäžç芳ã人ç芳ãå°è±¡çãªå©ã話ã®ãªãã§èªãããŠããã
倿¥ãã®ãªã·ã¢äººã¯ã人ã¯åããçãŸããããšã®èããæã£ãŠãããè¶
è¶çãªç¥ã人éã®æãåµé ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããèªç¶çºççã«äººéã¯åŸå€ãã倧å°ã«çããŠãããšã®èãã§ãããããããã®äºå®ã¯ã人éãçãŸãã«ãããŠç¥ã
ã«å£ããšããæå³ã§ã¯ãªãããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ãããã以åã®æ¯é
è
ã§ãã£ããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ããå
ã
ã¯ãã¹ãŠã倧å°(ã¬ã€ã¢)ã®åãã§ããã人éã¯ã¬ã€ã¢ãæ¯ãšãããç¥ã
ã®å
åŒã§ãããã®ã ãç°ãªãç¹ã¯ãç¥ã
ã¯äžæ»ã«ããŠäººéã«æ¯ã¹åè¶ããåãæã€ãšããããšã§ããããã®æå³ã§ãç¥ã
ã¯è²Žæã§ããã人éã¯åº¶æ°ã ãšèšããã
ãããããŒã·ãªãã¹ã¯ãåããçãŸãã人ãšããçŽ æŽãªä¿¡å¿µãšã¯ç°ãªãã人éãšç¥ã
ã®ããã ã®é¢ä¿ãšããããã®å(ã¢ã€ã©)ã®ç©èªãèªãã倪å€ã«ãã£ãŠäººéã¯æªéã§ç¡ç¥ã§ã飢ãã«èŠãã¿ãå¯ãã«æ©ãŸãããŠãããããã¡ãŒããŠã¹ã人éã®ç¶æ
ãæ¹åããããã«ããŒãŠã¹ãäžããã®ãçŠããç«ã人éã«æããããŸãããã®ç¥ã¯ããŒãŠã¹ãç¥ã
ã«ç ç²ãæ§ãããšããäœãç¥ã
ã«ç®ãããããŒãŠã¹ã¿ãããã«éžæããããã®å·§åŠãªåœè£
ã§ãŒãŠã¹ã欺ããã
ããã¡ãŒããŠã¹ã«æ¬ºããããŒãŠã¹ã¯å ±åŸ©ã®æ©äŒãçã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ãšçžè«ããäžäººã®çŸè²ã®å¥³æ§ãäœãåºããæ§ã
ãªèŽãç©ã§å¥³æ§ã食ãããã³ããŒã©ãŒ(ãã¹ãŠã®èŽãç©ã®å¥³)ãšåä»ãããã®å¥³ããããã¡ãŒããŠã¹ã®ææ
®ã«æ¬ ããåŒããšãã¡ãŒããŠã¹ã«éã£ãããŒãŠã¹ããã®èŽãç©ã«ã¯æ³šæãããšãããŠããå¿ åãããŠãããšãã¡ãŒããŠã¹ã§ãããã圌ã¯ãã³ããŒã©ãŒã®çŸããã«å
ã®å¿ åãå¿ãã劻ãšããŠè¿ãããããã§ç·æ§ã®çš®æã¯åããçãŸããè
ãšããŠåŸå€ããååšãããã女æ§ã®çš®æã¯ç¥ã
ããŒãŠã¹ã®çç¥ã§äººéãèªãããäžå¹žã«ããããã«åµé ããããšããç¥è©±ãèªãããŠããããšã«ãªãã
ãã³ããŒã©ãŒã¯çµæçã«ãšãã¡ãŒããŠã¹ã«ããããŠäººéã®çš®æã«çœããéœãäžå¹žãææ¥ãããããŒã·ãªãã¹ã¯æŽã«ãéã®çš®æãéã®çš®æãéé
ã®çš®æã«ã€ããŠãããããããã®çš®æã¯ç¥ã
ãåµé ãã人éã®æã§ãã£ããéã®çš®æã¯ã¯ããã¹ãçæš©ãææ¡ããŠããæä»£ã«çãŸãããã®ã§ããããã®æåã®çš®æã¯ç¥ã
ã«ã䌌ãŠç¡äžã®å¹žçŠããããå¹³åããããé·ã寿åœããã£ãããããéã®çš®æãé
ã®çš®æã𿬡ã
ã«ç¥ã
ãæ°ããçš®æãé ããšãå
ã«ãã£ãè
ã«æ¯ã¹ãåŸããé ãããè
ã¯ãã¹ãŠå£ã£ãŠãããé
(éé
)ã®æä»£ã®äººéã®çš®æã«ã¯äºããçµ¶ããããã®ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãã®çš®æãå床æ»
ãŒããã
éã®æä»£ãšéã®æä»£ã¯ããããã空æ³ã®ç£ç©ã§ããããæ¬¡ã«èšªããéé
ã®æä»£ããããŠããã«ç¶ãè±é(åç¥)ã®æä»£ãšéã®æä»£ã¯ã人éã®æè¡çãªé²æ©ã®éçšãè·¡ã¥ããåé¡ã§ãããããã¯ç©ºæ³ã§ã¯ãªããæŽå²çãªçµéšç¥èã«åºã¥ãæä»£ç»æãšèããããã第4ã®ãè±éã»åç¥ãã®æä»£ã¯ãããŒã·ãªãã¹ããå婊åäŒ(ã«ã¿ããŽã€)ãã§æãåºãããç¥ã
ã«æããè±éãçãã 女æ§ãã¡ãçããæä»£ãšèšãããè±éãã¡ã¯ãè¯ã
ããå²ã«ãã£ãŠçãããã®æ»åŸã¯ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ãããã§ããããã«ç¥ãšãªã£ãŠå€©äžã«æã£ãããæ¥œå(ãšãŒãªã¥ã·ãªã³ã®é)ã«è¡ããæãã®ãªãæµçŠã®ç掻ãéã£ããšããã(仿¹ããªãã¥ãã»ãŠã¹ãå¥åºã«ããã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ã«é¢ã£ããšãã亡éãšããŠããã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ã¯ãæŠå²ãæè©®ç©ºãããè²§ããåããªããšãçããŠããããšã幞çŠã ããšãè¿°æããŠãã)ã
è±éã®æä»£ãå»ã£ãŠããŸããéé
ã®æä»£ããšãªãã人ã®å¯¿åœã¯çããåŽåã¯å³ãããå°ã¯èŸ²å€«ã«æµã¿ãäžããããšå°ãªããè¥è
ã¯èäººãæ¬ãããæºæ
§ãå°éããªã......ããããæã
ãããŸçããŠããæä»£ã»äžçã§ããããšããŒã·ãªãã¹ã¯ãããããã®ãããªäººçãäžçã®èŠæ¹ã¯ã詩人ãšããŠå声ãåŸãªãããããããŸã§äžä»ã®å°æ¹ã®èŸ²æ°ãšããŠæ®ãããç«ãŠãŠè¡ããã°ãªããªãã£ãããŒã·ãªãã¹ã®äººçã®çµéšãåæ ããŠãããšããããäžã«ã¯ãåç¥ããè±éãç¥å
ã«æã€ãšç§°ããåå®¶ãããã貎æããããå¯è
ããããäžã®ãªãã«ã¯ççŸããããããããç¥ã¯ãããŸã§åãªãè
ã§ã人ã¯å€åã«åŽåããç¥ã
ãæ¬ãã人éã«äžããããåãèª å®ã«çããã®ãæåã§ããã
äžæ¹ã§ãæŠå²ãç§°è³ããç䟯貎æã®è±ªå¢ãªçæŽ»ãæ èªãè©©ã鳿¥œã圫å»ãªã©ã®èžè¡ã®é«ã¿ã«ãæµãŸãã人ã¯ç«ã¡åŸããããã庶æ°ã®ç掻ã¯å³ãããã®ã§ãããããã§äººéãšããŠããã«çããããããŒã·ãªãã¹ã¯ç¥è©±ã«èšããŠã人éã®ããããã®è«žçžãããã£ãŠãããšèšããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ãããŠã¯ãããŒã·ãªãã¹ãèªãäºã€ã®æä»£ã®æåŸã®æä»£ãããªãã¡çŸåšã§ãããéã®æä»£ãã®åã«ããè±éã®æä»£ãããã£ããšããããè±éãšã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èªã§ããŒããŒã¹(hÄrÅs, ήÏÏÏ)ãšåŒã¶ãããã®èšèã®å矩ã¯ãå®è·è
ã»é²è¡è
ãã§ãããããããã¡ãŒãã¹ã§ã¯ãåå
¬ããããã¯æ®¿ã®æå³ã§ãæ¯é
è
ã»è²Žæã»äž»äººã«ã€ããŠäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããã
ç¥è©±åŠè
ãã£ã³ãã«ã¯ãè±éç¥è©±ãç¥è©±ã®åºå¹¹ã«çœ®ããããåœŒã®æãè±éãšã¯ãå±éºãç¯ããŠè¶
èªç¶çé åã«åãå
¥ãåå©ãã人ã
ã«æ©æµãæããå(force)ãç²åŸããè
ã§ãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®è±éã¯ãå®è·è
ã®å矩ãæã€ããšãããåããéããè¶
èªç¶ã®äžçã«åãå
¥ã£ãŠãåããç²åŸããè
ã§ã¯ãªããæç®ãèå€åŠã«ããã°ããã¥ã±ãŒãã€æä»£ã«ã¯ååšããªãã£ããè±éä¿¡ä»°ãããã®ãªã·ã¢ã®æé»æä»£ãéããŠããã¡ãŒãã¹ã®é ã«åºçŸããã
ããã§åŽæãããè±éã¯ãåã«æºã¡ãæ»è
ãã§ããããã®å瀌ã¯ã芪æã®æ»è
ãžã®å瀌ãšãç¥ã
ãžã®å瀌ã®äžéçšåºŠã«äœçœ®ããŠãããç¥ãããè±éããšã§æ§ã
ãªè§£éããã£ãããç¥åã«ãããããŒããŒã¹ã¯ãéœåžå
±åäœãå人ãç
ã屿©ããææžãæ©æµããããããè
ãšããŠçè§£ãããããã®ãããªåŽæã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãåäºè©©ã«ç»å Žããè±éã«æ¯å®ããããæãçµã€ã«ã€ããããŒããŒã¹ã®ç¯åã«è©²åœãããšå€æããã人ç©ãããªãã¡ç¥ãžã®ç¥ç¥ãåµå§ããè
ããéœåžã®åµç«è
ãªã©ã«ã¯ãç¥èšã«åºã¥ããŠè±éããæ èªãæäžããã圌ãã¯ãè±éããšèŠãªãããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®è±éã¯åç¥ãšãç§°ãããããå€ããç¥ãšäººéã®ããã ã«çãŸããæ¯åã§ãååã¯æ»ãã¹ã人éãååã¯äžæ»ãªãç¥ã®è¡ãåŒãããã®ãããªè±éã¯ããåããæ»è
ãã®ãªãã§ãç¥ã«è¿ãåŽæãåããŠããè
ãã¡ã§ãããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã®å Žåã¯ãè±éã®åãè¶
ããŠç¥ãšããŠåŽæããããè±éã¯ãéœåžã®åµç«è
ãšããŠåå«ãå®è·ãããŸããšãã«ãæµå¯Ÿããè
ã®åå«ã«æ«ä»£ãŸã§ç¶ãåªããããããæ»ããŠå²ãæ®ãè±éã¯ãå®è·ãšåªãã®åœ¢ã§ããã®æ»åŸã«åŒ·ãåãçºæ®ããè
ã§ãããã
è±éã¯å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åå®¶ã®å§ç¥ã§ãããç¥åãéœåžã®åµç«è
ã§ããåç¥ã§ãããããã®å€ãã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®æ¯åã§ããããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãã¥ã³ããŒã人éã®åšãšäº€ãããæ°å€ãã®è±éã®ç¶ãšãªã£ããæ°ã
ã®çå®¶ãç¥ã®è¡ã欲ããã
æ°ã
ã®åéºãšæŠåèã§ç¥ãããæ°ç¥ãã¬åå«ãæ®ãããšãããããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ãšäººéãšãŒã¬ã¯ããªã¥ãªãŒã³ã®åšã¢ã«ã¯ã¡ãŒããŒã®ããã ã«çãŸããããŒãŠã¹ã¯åœŒå¥³ã®å€«ã¢ã³ãããªã¥ãªãŒã³ã«åããæŽã«ããŒãªãªã¹ã«åœããŠå€ªéœãäžæ¥éæããã圌女ãšäº€ãã£ãŠè±éãããããããŸãçœé³¥ã®å§¿ã«ãªã£ãŠã¬ãŒããŒãšäº€ããããã¬ããŒåã³ãã£ãªã¹ã¯ãŒãã€ã®å
åŒããããããã¢ã«ãŽã¹çã¢ã¯ãªã·ãªã¹ã®åšãããšãŒã®å
ãžã¯é»éã®éšã«å€èº«ããŠè¿å¯ããã«ã»ãŠã¹ãããããããã¥ãã¹çã¢ã²ãŒããŒã«ã®åšãšãŠããŒããŒã®èš±ãžã¯ãçœãç¡çãšãªã£ãŠè¿å¯ãã圌女ãèã«ä¹ãããšã¯ã¬ãŒã¿å³¶ãŸã§æ³³ãããã£ããããã§åœŒå¥³ãšäº€ãã£ãŠããŒããŒã¹ãã©ããã³ãã¥ã¹çãããããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ãŸããã¢ã«ããã¹ã«åŸã£ãŠãããã¥ã³ããŒã®ã«ãªã¹ããŒã«ãã¢ã«ããã¹ã«åããŠè¿å¯ã亀ãã£ããããããŠã¢ã«ã«ãã£ã¢çå®¶ã®ç¥ã¢ã«ã«ã¹ãçãŸããããã¬ã€ã¢ãã¹ã®äžäººãšãŒã¬ã¯ãã©ãŒãšã®éã«ã¯ãããã€ã¢çå®¶ã®ç¥ãã«ããã¹ãšãåŸã«ããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«å¥³ç¥ã®æäººãšãªã£ãã€ãŒã¢ã·ãªãŒã³ããããããã€ãŒãªãŒã¯ã¢ã«ãŽã¹ã®ããŒã©ãŒã®å¥³ç¥å®ã§ãã£ããããŒãŠã¹ãæããŠåããããããããŒã©ãŒã®æããæãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã€ãŒãªãŒãççã«å€ããããããŒã©ãŒã¯åœŒå¥³ãèŠãããã€ãŒãªãŒã¯äžçäžã圷埚ã£ãŠãšãžããã®å°ã«èŸ¿ãçããããã§äººã®å§¿ã«æ»ãããšãžããçãšãªããšããã¹ãçãã ããšãŠããŒããŒã¯ã€ãŒãªãŒã®åå«ã«åœããã
ã¢ãã©ãŒã¹ã®åšãã«ãŒããŒãšã®éã«ã¯ãç¥ã
ã«å¯µæããããå¥åºã§å«çœ°ãåããå®ããšãªã£ãã¿ã³ã¿ãã¹ãããããããŸããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãã¥ã³ããŒã®ã¢ã€ã®ãŒããæ«ã£ããç¶èŠªã§ããã¢ãŒãœãŒãã¹æ²³ç¥ã¯åšã®è¡æ¹ãæããŠããããã³ãªã³ãã¹çã·ãŒã·ã¥ãã¹ãäºäººã®è¡ãå
ãæããã坿ã«èžã¿èŸŒãã æ²³ç¥ã¯é·ã«æãããŠæ»ã«ããŸãã·ãŒã·ã¥ãã¹ã¯ãã®æ
ã«å¥åºã§å«çœ°ãåããããšãšãªã£ããã¢ã€ã®ãŒãããã¯ã¢ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ãçãŸãããåããã¢ãŒãœãŒãã¹æ²³ç¥ã®åšãšããã(å¥ã®èª¬ã§ã¯ã¹ãã«ãã€ã®åå«)ã¢ã³ãã£ãªããŒã¯ããµãã¥ãã¹ã«åãããŒãŠã¹ãšäº€ããã¢ã³ããŒãªãŒã³ãšãŒãŒãã¹ãçãã ãã¢ã³ããŒãªãŒã³ã¯ããŒãã€çãšãªãããŸããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãã竪çŽãæãããã®åæãšããŠãç¥ãããããã¬ã€ã¢ãã¹ã®äžäººã¿ãŒãŠã²ããŒãšã亀ãããã©ã±ãã€ã¢ãŒã³ãããããã圌ã¯ãã©ã±ãã€ã¢ãŒã³(ã¹ãã«ããŒ)ã®åç¥ãšãªã£ãããšãŠãªã¥ã¡ãã¥ãŒãµããã¯ãã¥ã«ãããŒã³äººã®åç¥ã§ãããã¥ã«ãããŒã³ãããããã
ã¢ãããŒã³ã¯æ°ã
ã®ææèã§ç¥ããããã圌ã®åãšãããè±éã¯ããŸãã ãŒãµã®äžæ±ãŠãŒã©ãã¢ãŒãšã®éã«ããããåé«ããªã«ããŠã¹ããã(å¥èª¬ã§ã¯ãã ãŒãµã»ã«ãªãªããŒãšãªã€ã¢ã°ãã¹ã®å)ãã©ãããŒã¹æã®çã®åšã³ããŒãã¹ãããæ»è
ããçãè¿ãããåå»ã«ããŠå»ç¥ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒããªã¹ããããããäºèšè
ãã€ã¬ã·ã¢ãŒã¹ã®åšãã³ããŒããã¯ããããäºèšè
ã¢ããœã¹ããããããããŒããŒã¹ã®åšã¢ã«ã«ãªã¹ã¯ã¢ãããŒã³ãšãã«ã¡ãŒã¹äž¡ç¥ã®æäººã§ãã£ãããã¢ãããŒã³ãšã®éã«ãã¯ãœã¹å³¶ã®åç¥ãã¯ãœã¹ãéœåžã®åç¥ããŒã¬ãŒãã¹çãçãã ã圌女ã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãšã®éã«ããã¯ã¬ãŒã¿å³¶ã®ãã¥ããŒãã¹ã®åµå»ºè
ãã¥ããŒã³ãããããã
仿¹ããã»ã€ããŒã³ã¯ãã¢ããŒãã€çã¢ã€ã²ãŠã¹ã®åŠã¢ã€ãã©ãŒãšã®éã«ããŒã»ãŠã¹ããããããšãããããŸããšãŠãªã¥ã¢ã¬ãŒãšã®éã«ã¯ãªãŒãªãŒãªãŒã³ã(å¥èª¬ã§ã¯ã圌ã¯ã¬ã€ã¢ã®æ¯åãšãããã)ããã¥ãŒããŒãšã®éã«ã¯åçã®å
åŒããŒã¬ãŠã¹ãšããªã¢ãŒã¹ãããããããšããã¹ã®åšã§ãã¥ã³ããŒã®ãªãã¥ãšãŒ(ãªãã¥ã¢ãŒ)ãšäº€ããããã¥ãã¹çã¢ã²ãŒããŒã«ãšãšãžããçããŒãã¹ã®ååããããããã©ãŒãªããµãéããŠããã©ã¹ãŽã¹(ãã©ã¹ãŽã€äººã®ç¥ãšã¯å¥äºº)ãã¢ã«ã€ãªã¹ãããã£ãŒãªã¹ããããããã¢ã«ã€ãªã¹ã¯ã¢ã«ã€ã¢äººã®ç¥ãšãããããã£ãŒãªã¹ã¯ããã£ãŒã¢ã®åç¥ãšãããããªã«ã³ã¡ãã¹ã®ããã¥ã¢ãŒã¹äººã®åç¥ãšãããããã¥ã¢ãŒã¹ããã»ã€ããŒã³ã®åãšãããããå«ãšã®èª¬ãããã
éå¶ã®ç¥ããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ã¯ãã¢ããŒãã€ã®ç¥è©±çãªçãšãªã¯ãããªã¹ã®ç¶ãšãããã圌ã¯ã¢ããŒããŒã«æ¬²æ
ã女ç¥ã远ã£ãŠäº€ããããšãããã女ç¥ãæçµ¶ãã圌ã®ç²Ÿæ¶²ã¯ã¢ããŒããŒã®èã«ãŸãããã女ç¥ã¯ãããçŸæ¯ã§æã倧å°ã«æšãŠããšããããããããšãªã¯ãããªã¹ãçãŸãããšãããã
ãªã¥ã«ãŒãªãŒã³ã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãã€ã¢çãã©ã¹ãŽã¹ãšãªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ã®åšã¡ãªãã€ã¢ããŸãã¯ãã¥ã³ããŒã®ãã¥ãŒã¬ãŒããŒã®åãšãããã圌ã¯å€ãã®æ¯åã«æµãŸããããæ¯åãã¡ã¯å²æ
¢ãªè
ãå€ãç¥çœ°ãåãããšãããããã¢ã«ã«ãã£ã¢ã®å€ãã®éœåžãããªã¥ã«ãŒãªãŒã³ã®æ¯åãã¡ããéœåžã®åç¥ãšããŠæ±ãã圢跡ãããããŸããã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒã¯ãããã€ã¢çå®¶ã®äžå¡ã¢ã³ããŒã»ãŒã¹ãšã®ããã ã«ã¢ã€ãã€ã¢ãŒã¹ãçãã ãã¢ã€ãã€ã¢ãŒã¹ã¯åŸã«ããŒãã®ç¥è©±çç¥å
ãšãããããã¢ã€ã¢ã®éçŸæ¯ç®ããããåéºèãã¢ã«ãŽãŒå·ã®èªæµ·èãã«ç»å Žããã³ã«ãã¹çã¢ã€ãšãŒããŒã¹ã¯ãããŒãªãªã¹ãšãªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ã®åšãã«ã»ãŒã€ã¹ã®åã§ããã
ããã€ã¢æŠäºã®è±éã§ãããå¹³ç©ãªé·å¯¿ããããæ©äžã§ãã£ãŠããæŠå£«ãšããŠã®å²ã®æ å
ãéžãã ã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ã¯ãããŒã¬ãŠã¹ãšæµ·ã®å¥³ç¥ããã£ã¹ã®ããã ã®æ¯åã§ããã
ããšãŒã«ã»ã°ãªãã«ã«ããã°ãããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ãšãã®æ°ã
ã®æŠåèã¯ãã¥ã±ãŒãã€æä»£ã«å圢çãªèµ·æºãæã€ãã®ã§ãèå€åŠçã«ãè£ä»ããããããŸããã®æŽ»åã¯å
šã®ãªã·ã¢äžã«è¶³è·¡ãæ®ããŠãããšããããããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã¯ç¥ãšåãæ±ããåãã圌ãç¥ç¥ããç¥æ®¿ãããã¯ç¥ç€Œã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢äžã«ååšãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åå®¶ã¯ãç«¶ã£ãŠãã®ç¥å
ãããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã«æ±ãã圌ãã¯ã¿ããããããŒã©ã¯ã¬ã€ãã€(ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã®åŸè£)ããšåç§°ããã
ã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ããŸããã¢ã¬ã¡ã ããŒã³ãªã©ãšåæ§ã«ãããŸã¯å¿åŽã®åœŒæ¹ã«æ²ãã ãã®ååããã¥ã±ãŒãã€æä»£ã«ååšãããšèãããããã圌ã¯ãç¥ã
ã®æããè
ã¯è¥ãããŠæ»ã¬ããšã®ãšãã°ã©ã ã®éããç¥ã
ã«æãããåç¥ãšããŠãæ èªã®ãªãã人éãšããŠã®ã¢ã€ã©(宿¥)ã«ãã£ãŠãè±éãšããŠã®ç涯ãçµããã圌ã®å²ãšæ å
ã¯ãã®æ»åŸã«ãã£ãŠå
åœ©ãæŸã¡äººã®å¿ãæã€ã®ã§ããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ç»å Žããå€ãã®äººéã¯ãããŒã·ãªãã¹ãããã£ã第4ã®æä»£ãã€ãŸããè±éã»åç¥ãã®æä»£ã«å±ããŠããããããã¯ããã§ã«ãã¡ãŒãã¹ãé ãæã®äŒæ¿ãæ ãããç¥å
ãã¡ã®å²ã®ç©èªãšããŠããã£ãŠãããã®ã§ããã
圌ãã®æä»£ããã€é ã®ããšãªã®ããšããæ ¹æ ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç¥è©±äžã§ã®æä»£ã®çžé¢ãäžã€ã«æããããã仿¹ãèå€åŠè³æã«ããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®è±éèãæºæµã§ãããšèããããå€ä»£ã®éœåžéºè·¡ãæåãæŠäºã®çè·¡ãªã©ããæšå®ãããæä»£ããããè±éãã¡ã®æä»£ã®å§ãŸããšããŠã¯ãããã¡ãŒããŠã¹ã®ç¥è©±ã®å»¶é·äžã«ãããšãèšããã倧措氎ãäŒèª¬ãèµ·ç¹ã«åãããšãäžã€ã«èããããã
ããã¡ãŒããŠã¹ã®æ¯åããŠã«ãªãªãŒã³ã¯ããšãã¡ãŒããŠã¹ãšãã³ããŒã©ãŒã®ããã ã®åšãã¥ã©ãŒã劻ã«ãããã倧措氎ã¯ããã®ãšãã«èµ·ãã£ããšããããæŽªæ°Žãçãå»¶ã³ãããŠã«ãªãªãŒã³ã¯ãå€ãã®æ¯åã»åšã®ç¶èŠªãšãªãããã¥ã©ãŒãšã®ããã ã«æ¯åãã¬ãŒã³ãçãŸãããã圌ã¯èªåã®åãåã£ãŠãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººããã¬ãŒã³(è€æ°åœ¢:ãã¬ãŒãã¹)ãšåŒãã ãããŠã«ãªãªãŒã³ã®æ¯åã»å«ã«ã¯ãããŒãã¹ãã¢ã€ãªãã¹ãã¢ã«ã€ãªã¹ãã€ãªãŒã³ããããšãããããããããããŒãªã¹äººãã¢ã€ãªãªã¹äººãã¢ã«ã€ã¢äººãã€ãªãŒãã¢äººã®åç¥ãšãªã£ããšãããããããã«ã¯æŽå²çãªæ ¹æ ã¯ãªããšæãããã
ããããã¢ã€ãªãã¹ã®åå«ã«ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã§æŽ»èºããæåãªäººç©ããããåå«ã¯ãããµãªã¢ã§æŽ»èºããã€ãªãŒã«ã³ã¹ã«çéœã建é ããããã«ã¢ã¹ã®å®¶ç³»ã«ã¯ããã¥ã¢ãŒã¹ãšããã®è£ã§ããã¢ã«ãŽããŠã¿ã€ãšããŠèåãªã€ã¢ãŒãœãŒã³ããŸãå»ç¥ãšããŠåŸã«ç¥ãããã¢ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒããªã¹ãããããŸãå«åšã®ãã¥ãŒããŒããã¯ãåå«ãšããŠããŒã¬ãŠã¹(ãã³ãã¹ã®åã®ããŒã¬ãŠã¹ç¥ãšã¯å¥)ããã®åã§ããã€ã¢æŠäºã®æºå°ãšããŠç¥ããããã¥ãã¹çãã¹ããŒã«ããããããªã¢ãŒã¹ãã¢ãã¡ãŒãã¹ãã¡ã©ã ããŒã¹ããŸãã¢ã«ãŽã¹çã§ãããŒãã€æ»ãã®äžå°ãã®ç·åž¥ã§ããã¢ãã©ã¹ãã¹ãªã©ããããããŒã¬ãŠã¹ã¯ãã¥ãã¹ã®çéœã建é ããã
ã¢ã€ãªãã¹ã®åšå©¿ã¢ãšããªãªã¹ã®åå«ã®äººç©ãšããŠã¯ãæã®å¥³ç¥ã»ã¬ãŒããŒãšã®æã§ç¥ããããšã³ãã¥ããªãŒã³ãã«ãªã¥ããŒã³çãªã€ããŠã¹ããã®åã®ã¡ã¬ã¢ã°ãã¹ããã¥ãŒããŠã¹å
åŒããããã¡ã¬ã¢ã°ãã¹ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã¹ã§ãèšåãããŠããã(ãã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ã)ãçªéæ²»ã®è©±ã¯åŸäžã«ãªã£ãŠæœ€è²ããããã«ãªã¥ããŒã³ã®çªç©ãããšããŠã女åè
ã¢ã¿ã©ã³ããŒãå«ããŠå€æ°ã®è±éãåå ããåºæ¥äºãšãªã£ãããŸãã¡ã¬ã¢ã°ãã¹ã®å§åйããŒã€ã¢ãã€ã©ã®å€«ã¯ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã§ãããäºäººã®ããã ã«çãŸãããã¥ãã¹ã¯ã¹ãã«ããŒ(ã©ã±ãã€ã¢ãŒã³)çæã®ç¥ã§ããã
ã¿ã³ã¿ãã¹ã¯å¥åºã®ã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ã§æ°žå«ã®çœ°ãåããŠèŠããã§ãããããã®å®¶ç³»ã«ãæåãªäººç©ããããåœŒã®æ¯åã®ãããã¹ã¯å¯è²Žã«é©ã£ãã¿ã³ã¿ãã¹ã«ãã£ãŠåãå»ãŸãããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ãžã®æçãšããŠå·®ãåºãããããã®è¡ãæ
ã«ã¿ã³ã¿ãã¹ã¯å«çœ°ãåãããšãããããã以äžã®å¥èª¬ããããç¥ã
ã¯ãããã¹ãçãè¿ããããã®åŸã圌ã¯äžã«çšãªçŸå°å¹Žãšãªãããã»ã€ããŒã³ã圌ãæããŠå€©çã«é£ããŠè¡ã£ããšããããã
ãããã¹ã¯ç¥ã
ã®å¯µæãåããŠãããããŒãœã¹ãåŸæããã圌ã®åå«ã«ãã¥ã±ãŒãã€çã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ããããã¢ã¬ã¡ã ããŒã³ãšãã®åŒã®ã¹ãã«ã¿çã¡ãã©ãŒãªã¹ã¯ã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ã®åå«(å)ã«åœãã(ãã®æ
ããã¡ãŒãã¹ã¯ããã¢ãã¬ã€ããŒã¹=ã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ã®æ¯åããšäºäººãåŒã¶)ãã¢ã¬ã¡ã ããŒã³ã¯ããã€ã¢æŠäºã®ã¢ã«ã€ã¢å¢ç·åž¥ã§ããã¯ãªã¥ã¿ã€ã ããŒã¹ãã©ãŒã®å€«ã§ãã¡ãã©ãŒãªã¹ã¯æŠäºã®çºç«¯ãšããªã£ãçŸå¥³ãã¬ããŒã®å€«ã§ããããŸããã¢ã¬ã¡ã ããŒã³ã®æ¯åãšåšããã®ãªã·ã¢æ²åã§åãç¥ããããªã¬ã¹ããŒã¹ããšãŒã¬ã¯ãã©ãŒãã€ãŒãã²ãã€ã¢ãšãªãã
ãã¥ã±ãŒãã€çå®¶ã®æ²åã«å¯æ¥ã«é¢é£ããã¢ã€ã®ã¹ãã¹ããããã¹ã®åå«ã§ããªã¬ã¹ããŒã¹ãšè¡ãç¹ãã£ãŠããã仿¹ãã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ã®å
åŒãšãããã¢ã«ã«ããªã¹ã®åšããªãã€ã¢ã¯ãã¢ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ã®æ¯åã§ãããµã©ãã¹çãã©ã¢ãŒã³ã®åŠ»ã§ãããäºäººã®ããã ã®æ¯åãã¢ã€ã¢ãŒã¹ã§ããããŸãããã©ã¢ãŒã³ã®å
åŒã§ã¢ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ã®ããŸäžäººã®æ¯åãããŒã¬ãŠã¹ã§ããããŒã¬ãŠã¹ã®æ¯åã(ããŒã¬ã€ããŒã¹)ããããã€ã¢æŠäºã®è±éã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ãšãªãã
ãªãã¥ãšãŒã¯éçãšãªã£ãã€ãŒãªãŒã®å«åšã«åœããããªãã¥ã¢ãŒãšæµ·ç¥ãã»ã€ããŒã³ã®éã«çãŸããã®ããã§ããã¢çã¢ã²ãŒããŒã«ã§ãããŒãã€çå®¶ã®ç¥ã§ããã«ãã¢ã¹ãšãã¯ã¬ãŒã¿çå®¶ã®ç¥ãšãèšããåšãšãŠããŒããŒã¯åœŒã®åã§ããã
ã«ãã¢ã¹ã¯ç«ã®æ¯ããçãŸããæŠå£«ãšããŠããç¥ããããã«ãã¢ã¹ã®åšã«ã¯ã»ã¡ã¬ãŒãããã圌女ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®æãåããŠãã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ãçãã ãããŒãã€çãã³ããŠã¹ã¯ã«ãã¢ã¹ã®å«ã«ãããã圌ã¯ãã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ä¿¡ä»°ãåŠå®ãããããçä¹±ãã女ãã¡ã«åŒãè£ãããŠæ»ãã ããã®å¥³ãã¡ã®äžã«ã¯ãåœŒã®æ¯ã¢ã¬ãŠãšãŒã䌯æ¯ã€ãŒããŒãå«ãŸããŠããããã³ããŠã¹ãšãã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ã¯åŸå
åŒå士ãšãªããã«ãã¢ã¹ã®å¥ç³»çµ±ã®å«ã«ã¯ã©ããã³ã¹ãããã圌ã¯ã©ãŒã€ãªã¹ã®ç¶ã§ãã©ãŒã€ãªã¹ã®æ¯åããªã€ãã£ããŒã¹ã§ããããªã€ãã£ããŒã¹ã«ã¯åŠ»ã€ãªã«ã¹ããŒã®ããã ã«åšã¢ã³ãã£ãŽããŒçå人ã®åäŸãããã
仿¹ãã«ãã¢ã¹ã®å§åйã«ãšãŠããŒããŒãããã圌女ã¯ã¯ã¬ãŒã¿çã¢ã¹ããªãªã¹ã®åŠ»ã§ãããããŒãŠã¹ã圌女ãæãããŒããŒã¹ãçãŸãããããŒããŒã¹ã®å¹Ÿäººãã®æ¯åãšåšã®ãªãã§ãã«ãã¬ãŠã¹ã¯åšãéããŠã¢ã¬ã¡ã ããŒã³ã®ç¥ç¶ã«åœãããåæ§ã«ã圌ã¯ãã©ã¡ãŒããŒã¹ã®ç¥ç¶ã§ãããã«ãã¬ãŠã¹ã®å«ã«ã¯ä»ã«ã€ãŒãã¡ããŠã¹ããããããŒããŒã¹ã®åšã¢ãªã¢ãããŒã¯ãæ¬æ¥äººéã§ã¯ãªã女ç¥ãšãèãããããããã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ã®åŠ»ãšãªã£ãŠãªã€ãããªãŒã³çã®åããããããã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ã®è¿·å®®ãžãšå
¥ã£ãŠè¡ã£ãããŒã»ãŠã¹ã¯ãã¢ããŒãã€çã¢ã€ã²ãŠã¹ã®æ¯åãšãããã»ã€ããŒã³ã®æ¯åãšããããããããŒããŒã¹ã®åšãã€ãã©ãŒã劻ãšããã
ã¢ã¬ã¡ã ããŒã³ãç·åž¥ãšããã¢ã«ã€ã¢å¢(å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äºº)ã«äŸµæ»ãããåå¹Žã®æŠäºã®åŸã«é¥èœããããã€ã¢ã¯ãããã€ã¢æŠäºã®èå°ãšããŠåé«ããå°ã¢ãžã¢è¥¿ç«¯ã«äœçœ®ãããã®éœåã®æ¯é
è
ã¯ããŒãŠã¹ãç¥ãšãããã«ããã¹ã®åå«ã§ããã圌ã¯ããã€ã¢åžãåµå»ºãããã¥ãã¬ãŒåŽæãããªã¥ã®ã¢ã«å°ãããšãããããã«ããã¹ã®å«ããããŒã¹ã§ã圌ãããã€ã¢ã®åç¥ã§ããããããŒã¹ã«ã¯äžäººã®æ¯åããããã€ãŒãã¹ãã¢ããµã©ã³ã¹ãã¬ãã¥ã¡ãŒããŒã¹ã§ãããã¬ãã¥ã¡ãŒããŒã¹ã¯çŸå°å¹Žäžã®çŸå°å¹ŽãšèšããããŒãŠã¹ãåœŒãæ«ã£ãŠãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®é
çæ§æè
ãšããã
ã€ãŒãã¹ã¯ã©ãŒãªã¡ããŒã³ã®ç¶ã§ãåŸã®èããã€ã¢çããªã¢ã¢ã¹ã®ç¥ç¶ã§ãããè±éãã¯ããŒã«ãšããªã¹(ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹)ã¯ããªã¢ã¢ã¹ã®æ¯åãäºèšã§åé«ãã«ããµã³ãã©ãŒã¯åšã§ããããŸããã¯ããŒã«ã®åŠ»ã¢ã³ãããã±ãŒã¯ãããã€ã¢é¥èœåŸãã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ã®æ¯åããªããã¬ã¢ã¹ã®å¥Žé·ãšããã圌ã®åãçãã
仿¹ããããŒã¹ã®äžäººã®æ¯åã®æåŸã®äžäººã¢ããµã©ã³ã¹ã¯ã¢ã³ããŒã»ãŒã¹ã®ç¥ç¶ã§ãã¢ã³ããŒã»ãŒã¹ãšã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒå¥³ç¥ã®ããã ã«çãŸããã®ãã¢ã€ãã€ã¢ãŒã¹ã§ãããããã€ã¢é¥èœåŸã圌ã¯è«žæ¹ãæŸæµªããŠããŒãã«èŸ¿ãçãããŠã§ã«ã®ãªãŠã¹ã¯åœŒã䞻人å
¬ãšããŠã©ãã³èªåäºè©©ãã¢ãšããŒã€ã¹ããèãããã¢ã€ãã€ã¢ãŒã¹ã®æ¯åã¢ã¹ã«ããªã¹(ã€ãŠãŒã«ã¹)ã¯ããŒãã®åå®¶ãŠãŒãªã¢æ°æ(gens Iulia)ã®ç¥ãšãããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ã¯ãæççãªãšããœãŒã以å€ã«ãäžäººã®äººç©ãããã¯äžã€ã®äºä»¶ããè€éã«å±éããæ°å€ãã®è±éãã¡ããã®ç©èªã«é¢ä¿ããŠãããè€åç©èªããšãåŒã¹ãç¥è©±èãããã
ã¢ããŒãã€ã®çåã§ãã£ããããŒã»ãŠã¹ãã®ç涯ã¯ãåçãªå±éãèŠããã¯ã¬ãŒã¿å³¶ã®è¿·å®®ã§ã®åéºãçµãåŸã«ãªã£ãŠããã³ã«ãã¹ã®ç女ã¡ãŒãã€ã¢ã矩æ¯ã§ãã£ããããã®éè¡ãšæŠããªã©ãããŒããŒã¹çãã¢ãªã¢ãããŒãå«ããåºãç¯å²ã®å€æ°ã®äººç©ãšé¢ãããæã£ãŠããã
ããŒã»ãŠã¹ã®ç涯以äžã«è¯éºã§ã倥ãã人ç©ãé¢ä¿ãããŸãæ§ã
ãªéèŠäºä»¶ã«åå ããããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã®ç©èªããŸãè±éã®çµéããç¥è©±ãšãèšããã圌ã«èª²ãããåäºã®é£é¡ã®ç©èªã ãã§ãååã«è€éã§ããããããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã¯ãã¢ã«ãŽããŠã¿ã€ãã®äžå¡ã§ããããæŽã«ãã¢ããããŒãã¹ã«ãããšã圌ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®çæš©ã確ç«ããåŸã«èµ·ãã£ããšãããã®ã¬ãŒã¹(巚人)ãã¡ãšã®æŠãã«ãåå ããŠããããŸãããªã«ããŠã¹æã®æççãªè³æã§ã¯ãååã«ã¯ããã¹ Khronos(æ)ãå¥åããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ãåºçŸãããšããèšè¿°ãããããããè±éããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ãã©ããå®ãã§ã¯ãªãããç¡é¢ä¿ãšãèšããããªãã
ã®ãªã·ã¢äžããè±éãéçµããŠåéºã«åºçºãããšãã話ãšããŠã¯ãã€ã¢ãŒãœãŒã³ãè¹é·ãšããã³ã«ãã¹ã®éçŸæ¯ç®ãããããã¢ã«ãŽããŠã¿ã€ãã®ç©èªãæããããããã§ã¯ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ããªã«ããŠã¹ãªã©ãåå ããŠããã
ãŸããã¢ãã©ã¹ãã¹ãç·åž¥ãšãããããŒãã€æ»ãã®äžå°ãã®ç¥è©±ããã®åŸæ¥è«ã§ããããäžå°ã®æ¯åãã¡ã®æŽ»èºããè±éãã¡ãçµéããç©èªã§ãããã¡ã¬ã¢ã°ãã¹ã®çªéæ²»ã®äŒæ¿ã最è²ãããæ¡å€§ããèŠæš¡ã§èªãããããã«ãªã£ããã«ãªã¥ããŒã³ã®çªç©ããã®ç¥è©±ããŸããã¡ã¬ã¢ã°ãã¹ãäžå¿ã«ãã«ã¹ããŒã«ãšããªã¥ããŠã±ãŒã¹ã®å
åŒãããŒã»ãŠã¹ãã€ã¢ãŒãœãŒã³ãããŒã¬ãŠã¹ãšãã©ã¢ãŒã³ããããŠã¢ã¿ã©ã³ããŒãªã©ãåå ããè±éã®çµéç©èªã§ããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±äžã§ããã£ãšãå€ãããã£ãšãéå±€çã«äŒæ¿ãç¥è©±ãç©èªãèç©ãããŠããã®ã¯ããããã€ã¢æŠäºãããããç¥è©±ã§ãããå€å
žã®ãªã·ã¢ã®æåŠå²ã«ãã£ãŠãçŽå
å9äžçŽãªãã8äžçŽã«ãçªåŠãšããŠå®æããã圢ã§ããã¡ãŒãã¹ã®äºå€§åäºè©©ãããªãã¡ãã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ããšããªãã¥ãã»ã€ã¢ããåºçŸããã詳现ãªç ç©¶ã®çµæããããã®ç©èªã¯çªåŠåºçŸããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã®åå²ãšãããã¹ãéçšãååšããããšãåãã£ãŠããã
ããã€ã¢æŠäºãããã£ãŠã¯ããã®åæãšãªã£ãããªã¹ã®å¯©å€ã®ç©èªããã®ãªã·ã¢ãšããã€ã¢ã®ããã ã®äº€æžãã¢ã«ã€ã¢è»ã®åºé£ããããŠé·æã«æž¡ãæŠäºã®çµéãªã©ãç¥ãããŠããããã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ãã¯å幎ã«åã¶æŠäºã®ãªãã®ããæç¹ãåãåºããã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ã®æãããå§ãŸãã代çã§åºé£ãããããã¯ãã¹ã®æŠæ»ããã¯ããŒã«ãšã®éãããããŠåœŒã®æ»ãšããã®è¬éã®ããã®å³ç²ãªéããã§ç©èªãéããã仿¹ãããªãã¥ãã»ã€ã¢ãã§ã¯ãããã€ã¢æŠäºã®çµçµåŸãæ
é·ã®ã€ã¿ã±ãŒå³¶ãžåž°åœããããšãããªãã¥ãã»ãŠã¹ãåµã«åºäŒããæ§ã
ãªèŠé£ãçµãŠæ
é·ãžãšåž°ãç©èªãèšãããŠããã
ããã€ã¢æŠäºã®çµéã®å
šè²ã¯ã©ã®ãããªãã®ã§ãã£ãã®ããããã€ã¢é¥èœã®ããã®ãæšéЬã®èšç¥ãã®è©±ãªã©ã¯ãæççãªç©èªãšããŠã¯äŒãã£ãŠããããå®å
šãªåœ¢ã®ãã®ã¯ä»æ¥äŒåããŠããªãããããããã®ç¥è©±ãããã¯æŽå²çãªäŒæ¿ãã倧ããªç©èªåãç¯ããŠããããšã¯ä»æ¥ç¥ãããŠããã
ç¥è©±ã¯å€ãã®å Žåããã€ãŠçããŠãã宿ãä¿¡ä»°ã®å
å®ãããªãã¡äžçã®ãçå®ããç¥èãªç©èª(æåŠç衚çŸ)ãŸãã¯è±¡åŸŽã®åœ¢ã§èšé²ãããã®ã ãšèšããããã®ããšã¯ãçŸåšãªãä¿¡ä»°ããç¶ããŠãã宿çã«ã該åœãããç¥è©±ã¯ãŸãå€ãã®å Žåãå瀌ãšå¯æ¥ãªé¢ä¿ãæã€ããšãªã¢ãŒãã¯ç¥è©±ã¯äžçãå«ããåµé ãæ ¹æ ä»ããããã®ãšããããã®ããšã¯äººéã®èµ·æºã®èª¬æã宿çäžç芳ã®äžéšãšããŠå€§ããªæå³ãæã€ããšãããè¯å®ãããã
å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººã¯äººéãšéåžžã«äŒŒãç¥ã
ãç»å ŽãããŠããŒã¯ãªç¥è©±ãæã£ãŠãããã圌ãã¯ãããã®ç¥ã
ã宿çä¿¡ä»°ã»åŽæã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšããŠèããŠããã®ãã«ã€ããŠã¯è«žèª¬ãããå®éã西欧ã®äžäžã»è¿äžãéããŠã人ã
ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãæ¶ç©ºã®é ã話ãå¯è©±ã®é¡ãšãèŠãªããŠãããçŸä»£ã«ãããŠããããŒã«ã»ãŽã§ãŒãã¯ããã®ãªã·ã¢äººããã®ç¥è©±ããæ¬åœã«ä¿¡ä»°ããŠããã®ãããããçåãæç€ºããã圌ã¯å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººããœãã£ã¹ããã¡ã®æç䞻矩ãçµãŠãããŽã¹ãšãã¥ãŒãã¹ã®åºå¥ãææ§ã§ãã£ãããšãæ¹å€ãããããããŽã§ãŒãã®çµè«ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººã¯ãã¯ã圌ãã®ç¥è©±ãä¿¡ããŠããã®ã ããšããããšã«ãªãã
ãŸããå€ä»£ã®ã®ãªã·ã¢äººèªèº«ã®ãªãã§ãçåã¯èµ·ãã£ãŠããã®ã§ãããçŽå
å6äžçŽã®è©©äººå²åŠè
ã¯ã»ããããŒã¹ã¯ããã¡ãŒãã¹ãããŒã·ãªãã¹ã«æãããç¥ã
ã®å§¿ã«ã€ããŠãçã¿ãå§Šéãéšãåããè¡ãäžå£ãªååšã§ã¯ãªãããšæ¹å€ããŠããã
ãã¡ãŒãã¹ãããŒã·ãªãã¹ã¯ãèªåãã¡ã®ããã£ãç¥è©±ããçå®ãã§ããããšã«ç¢ºä¿¡ãæã£ãŠããããã®å Žåãäœãçå®ã§ãäœãåœãªã®ããšããèŠæºãå¿
èŠã§ãããããã圌ããããã£ãã®ã¯ãç¥ã
ã人éã«é¢ããçå®ã§ãã£ãŠãé 話ãèæ§ãšçŸä»£äººãèããã®ã¯ãçå®ãå
·è±¡åããããã®ã衚çŸãã§ãããææ³ãã«éããªãã£ãã
ç¥è©±ã®éèŠãªäžä»¶ã®äžã€ãšããŠäœè
ã®ç¡åæ§ãèããããŠããã誰ãé ã£ãã®ã§ããªã倪å€ã®æããååšããã®ãç¥è©±ã§ãã£ããçŽå
å7äžçŽäžè以éãåäºè©©çäŒçµ±ã«ä»£ãã£ãŠãåäººã®ææ
ãæãããããææ
è©©ãèªçãããææ
詩人ã¯è¶
è¶çãªç¥ã
ã®ååšã«ã€ããŠå¯§ãç¡é¢å¿ã§ãã£ããããããããã«ç¶ããŠåºçŸããã®ãªã·ã¢æ²åã«ãããŠã¯ãã ãŒãµå¥³ç¥ãžã®ç¥ãããªããæããã«åœŒããåµäœãããšèããããç©èªãåå Žã§å
¬éããããã«ãªããããã«ãã£ãŠã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã¯äººéç奥è¡ããæã¡æ·±åãããã圌ãã¯ç¥è©±ãä¿¡ããŠããã®ã ããããæ²å詩人ãã¡ã¯ããŒãã§ãæŽå¯ããããã«ãã³ãã¹ã®å°å
¥ã«ãã£ãŠããããŠä»äžã€ã«ãè±éãã®æŠå¿µã®å€é·ã«ãããå
±åäœã®çå®ããã®åµäœã«å
·çŸããŠããã圌ãã¯ãªãç¥ãä¿¡ä»°ããŠããã®ã§ããããç¥è©±ã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã§ããªãã£ãã
ãããäžå€§æ²åè©©äººã®æŽ»åã®èåŸã§ã奎é·å¶ãåºç€ã«çœ®ãã®ãªã·ã¢ã®è«žããªã¹ã¯ãã¢ããŒãã€ã代衚ãšããŠå°é£ã«çŽé¢ããããšã«ããªãããã«ã·ã¢æŠäºã§ã®å¥è¹çãªåå©ã®åŸãã¢ããŒãã€ã®èŠæš©ãšåžåœäž»çŸ©ãåèããããããªã¹ã¯èŠæš©ãããã£ãŠçžäºã«äºãããã«ãªãããããããœã¹æŠäºã§æåããã¢ããŒãã€ã«ãã£ãŠç¬èªãªææ³ãèªã£ããœãŒã¯ã©ããŒã¹ã¯ãªãæ¬ç¥ã®è¬ããã人ç©ã§ãã£ããã圌ã«å
é§ãããœãã¹ããŒã¹ãã¡ã¯ãç¥ã
ããŸãä¿®èŸãè°è«ã®çºã®éå
·ãšèŠãªãããããŒã¿ãŽã©ãŒã¹ã¯ãç¥ã
ãååšããã®ãããªãã®ããæã
ã«ã¯ç¥ãããããªãããšæèšããã
ãœãŒã¯ã©ããŒã¹ã®åŒåã§ããå倧ãªãœãã¹ããŒã¹ãã¡ã®è«æ³ãç¥æããŠããçŽå
å4äžçŽã®ãã©ããŒã³ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®æ°äž»äž»çŸ©ã®ç Žç¶»ã𿬠é¥ãèªããã圌ãçæ³ãšããåœå®¶ã«ã€ããŠã®æ§æ³ãèªãããã©ããŒã³ä»¥åã«ã¯ããã¡ãŒãã¹ã®åäºè©©ãéå°å¹Žã®æç§æžã§ããããæŠå£«ãšããŠã®å¿æ§ããå
±åäœã®äžå¡ããå«çãªã©ã¯åœŒã®äºå€§äœåãéããŠåŠã°ããŠããããããããã©ããŒã³ã¯ãåœå®¶ãã«ãããŠãç°æ§ãªãçæ³ç€ŸäŒãã®ã¢ãã«ãæå±ããããã©ããŒã³ã¯ãŸããã¡ãŒãã¹ãšè±éåäºè©©ãæ¹å€ãããããããªã¹ãã远æŸãã¹ããã®ãšããããŸãã圌ã®çæ³ã®åœå®¶ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ããæ²åãã¯æå®³ã§ãããšããŠãããåŠå®ããã
ãããããã®ãããªç¹ç°ãªææ³ãèªã£ããã©ããŒã³ã¯ãŸããææã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãç¥è©±(ãã¥ãŒãã¹)ãéå°å¹Žã®æè²ã«äžé©åã§ãããšããäžæ¹ã§ãèªåã®èäœã«ããµãã ãã«å¯æãçšããçå®ãèªãããã«ãç¥è©±ããæŽçšãããããªã¹ã®ç¥è人éçŽã®ããã ã§ã¯ã倿¥ã®ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®ç¥ã
ãè±éã¯ãåŽæã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã§ã¯ãªããä¿®èŸçãªè£
食ãšãåãããããããŠã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ãã¢ã±ã¡ãã¹æãæ»
ãŒããã¿ããããç¥ã§ãããšå®£èšãããšãããç¥ã
ãžã®ä¿¡ä»°ãã¯ããªã¹å
±åäœããæ¶ãå»ã£ãããããã¯ãã¯ãããªã¹ã¯ãã®ãããªå®æçæ
ç±ãæ¯ããã«ã¯ããŸãã«ãå€è³ªããŠããŸã£ãã®ã ãšèšãããç¥è©±(ãã¥ãŒãã¹)ãåããŠãããªã¢ãªãã£ã¯æ¶å€±ããç¥è©±ãšçŸå®ã®åé¢ãèµ·ãã£ãã
人ã
ã®æ¬ç¥ã®äŒçµ±ã¯ããã§ãããŠãµãŒãã¢ãŒã¹ãçŽå
åŸã«ãªã£ãŠèšŒèšããŠããããã«ã¢ããŒãã€ã«ãããŠãããŸãã®ãªã·ã¢ã®å°æ¹ãç°èã«ãã£ãŠãªãç¶ãããäžæ¹ã§ãã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ãŒã¹ã¯ãæããããæ³èºããµããŠããããšèäœã®ãªãã§æèšããã
å€å
žåŠè
ããšãŒã«ã»ã°ãªãã«ã¯ãã®å°èãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãã®åé ã§ããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ããšã¯äœãæãèšèãã説æããŠãããã°ãªãã«ã¯ãçŽå
å9-8äžçŽããçŽå
åŸ3-4äžçŽã«ãã£ãŠãã®ãªã·ã¢èªè©±åã§è¡ãããŠããåçš®ã®äžæè°ãªç©èªãäŒèª¬çãç·ç§°ããŠãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ããšããããã®åºç¯ãªç¥è©±åã¯ãçŽå
å4äžçŽæ«ãŸãã¯å3äžçŽåã«ãã£ãŠå
容çã»åœ¢åŒçã«å€§ããªå€å®¹ãçµéãããäžã€ã®ã¯æç®åŠã®çºéãšãæžç©ã®èŠçŽäœæã«ãã£ãŠã§ãããããŸäžã€ã¯ãçããç¥ã
ãžã®æ¬ç¥ã®è¡šçŸã§ããã£ãè©©äœåãªã©ã«ä»£ããã嚯楜ãç®çãšããäœåã®ç»å Žã«ãã£ãŠã§ããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®è«žããªã¹ã¯ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã®çµ±äžãšãªãªãšã³ãåŸæã«ãã£ãŠäºå®äžæ¶æ»
ãããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãšãžããã«èªå·±ã®åãä»ããæ°éœã建èšããããšãžãããç¶æ¿ãããã£ã¢ãã³ã€ã®äžäººããã¬ãã€ãªã¹ã¯ããã«äžçæå€§ãšç§°ãããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ãã¬ã€ã¢å³æžé€šã建é ãã倥ããèµæžã®åéã«çæãããšå
±ã«ããã¬ããºã ã®äžçã«åªç§ãªåŠè
ãæ±ããã仿¥äŒåããå€ãã®å€ä»£ã®æç®ã»ææžã¯ãã®æä»£ã«ç·šçºããããããã¯çåãã忬ãšããŠæ®ã£ããã®ã§ããã
峿žé€šã¯ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ãã¬ã€ã¢ä»¥å€ã«ããã«ã¬ã¢ã³ãªã©ãèåã§ãã£ãã峿žé€šã¯éãããŠãããšã¯ãããé«ãè©äŸ¡ãåããäœåã¯ãçåãããŠãæé€äººã»è²Žæãªã©ã«åºãã£ãŠãã£ãã峿žé€šã¯å€§éã®æžç©ã«ã€ããŠããã®å
容èŠçŽæžããŸãç·šéããŠãããé·ãåèãèªãããããåŠè
ãæŽçããåèã®èŠçŽãèªãããšã§ãç¡æé€ãªä¿æéãªã©ã¯èªå·±ã®èŠãããã®ç¥èãå§äŒã§ããããããã¯è«žçš®ã®äŒèª¬ã«ã€ããŠãäž»é¡ããšã®èŠåãå³ãäžããããã«æžç±ãç·šçºãããããã®ãããªãéæãæ¬ã®ãªãã§ãããã£ãšãéå¿çã§ãã£ãã®ããçŽå
å2äžçŽã®ã¢ããŒãã€ã®æç®åŠè
ã¢ããããŒãã¹ã®ãã®ãšé·ãèããããŠãããã¢ããããŒãã¹ã®ããããªãªããŒã±ãŒã(ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±æåº«)ã§ããã
äžæ¹ãåžæ¿ããŒãæã®è²Žæãå¯è£ãªéå±€ã®äººã
ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®ç¥ã
ãžã®åŽæãæ¬ç¥ã®å¿µãšã¯é¢ä¿ãªããçŽç²ã«é¢çœãè²æã®åºæ¿ãšãªãç©èªã奜ãã ããããã®å奜ã®éèŠã«åããããªãŠã£ãã£ãŠã¹ãªã©ã¯ãç¥ã
ãžã®æ¬ç¥ãªã©ãšã¯ç¡çžãªã嚯楜ç®çã®ãå€èº«ç©èªããèãããŸãåããããªæå³ã§ã¢ãã¬ã€ãŠã¹ã¯ãé»éã®é©¢éЬããèããããªãŠã£ãã£ãŠã¹ã®æžç±ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±å
šäœãæ±ããã®ã§ãäœç³»çãªèäœãšãèšãããããããæ°æ¥œã«èªãããšã®ã§ããçããšããœãŒãã®éæã§ããã£ãã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®å®æãšããŠã®ãçå®ãã®éç€ºã®æ©èœã¯ããã®ããã«ããŠãã¬ããºã ã®æä»£ã«ãã®çµçãè¿ãããšèšãããæ°ããåèããããªã¹ãæã¯ããŸãã«ç¥è©±ãåŠå®ãããã©ããŒã³ã®ææ³ã®å»¶é·äžã«ãããšãèšãããããã®åŸãå幎以äžã«ããã£ãŠç¶ã西欧ã®ç²Ÿç¥ã®æŽå²ã®ãªãã§ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã¯ãã¯ã宿ã§ã¯ãªãããã®ç¥è©±ã«ç»å Žããéžè©±ãç¥ã
ããèªç¶çŸè±¡ã®å¯æãšãã嚯楜ã®ããã®é 話ãšãèŠãªããŠããã
19äžçŽã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æåŠè
ã§ããããã¹ã»ãã«ãã£ã³ãã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ã»ããŒãç¥è©±ã«é¢ããäžè¬åãã®æŠèª¬æžãèããã(Bulfinch's Mythology, ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãšè±éäŒèª¬ã)ããç¥è©±ã®èµ·æºãã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®ãããªåã€ã®èª¬ããŸãšã玹ä»ããŠããã1)ç¥è©±ã¯ãèæžãã®ç©èªã®å€åœ¢ã§ããã2)ç¥è©±ã¯ãã¹ãŠæŽå²çäºå®ã®åæ ã§ãããåŸäžã®å çãç²é£Ÿã§å
ã®å§¿ãäžæãšãªã£ããã®ã§ããã3)ç¥è©±ã¯é埳ã»å²åŠã»å®æã»æŽå²ã®ççãªã©ã坿çã«è¡šçŸãããã®ã§ããã4)ç¥è©±ã¯å€æ§ãªèªç¶çŸè±¡ã®æ¬äººåã§ããããã®æåŸã®è§£éã¯ã19äžçŽåé ã®ã¯ãŒãºã¯ãŒã¹ã®è©©äœåã«æ¥µããŠæçã«è¡šåºãããŠãããšããã
ç¥è©±ã®è§£éãç ç©¶ã«ãããŠå€§ããªåºæ¿ãšãªã£ãã®ã¯ã19äžçŽã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãå°æ¬§èªã®æ¯èŒç ç©¶ããçãŸããæ¯èŒèšèªåŠã§ããããã€ãçãŸãã§ãåŸåçãã€ã®ãªã¹ã«çãç ç©¶ãè¡ã£ãããã¯ã¹ã»ãã¥ãŒã©ãŒã¯æ¯èŒç¥è©±åŠãšãã圢ã®ç¥è©±è§£éçè«ãæå±ãããæ¯èŒèšèªåŠã®èæ¯ã«ããææ³ã¯åœæè¥¿æ¬§ãåžå·»ããŠããé²åè«ãšé²æ©äž»çŸ©çæŽå²èгã§ããããã¥ãŒã©ãŒã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãã€ã³ãç¥è©±ãªã©ãšæ¯èŒããäžã§ããããã®ç¥è©±ã®æå³ã¯ãæçµçã«ã¯å€ªéœããããèªç¶çŸè±¡ã®æ¬äººåã§ãããšããç¥è©±è«ã䞻匵ããã
ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ãã¬ã€ã¶ãŒã¯ãã¥ãŒã©ãŒãšåããèªç¶ç¥è©±åŠãå±ããããåœŒã¯æµ©çãªãéæç¯ãã«ãããŠçã®æ»ãšåçã®ç¥è©±ãç ç©¶ããç¥è©±ã¯å€©äžã®èªç¶çŸè±¡ã®è§£éã§ã¯ãªããå°äžã®çŸè±¡ãšç€ŸäŒå¶åºŠã®ããããã®åæ ã§ãããšããããŸãç¥è©±ã¯åªè¡çå瀌ã説æããããã«çã¿åºããããšã䞻匵ããããã¥ãŒã©ãŒã®è§£éã§ã¯ããŒãŠã¹ã¯å€ªéœã®è±¡åŸŽã§ç¥ã
ã®ç©èªãã倪éœãäžå¿ãšããèªç¶çŸè±¡ã®æ¬äººçè§£éã§ãããšããããšã«ãªãã仿¹ããã¬ã€ã¶ãŒã§ã¯ããæ»ããŠèãç¥ãã®æå³è§£æãäžå¿äž»é¡ãšãªãããšã¬ãŠã·ãŒã¹ã®ç§åããã®ãããªç¥è©±ã§ããããã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ããŸãæ»ããŠåŸãã¶ã°ã¬ãŠã¹ãšããŠåŸ©æŽ»ããã
ãœã·ã¥ãŒã«ã®æ§é ã®æŠå¿µãç¶æ¿ããŠç¥è©±ç ç©¶ã«é©çšããã®ã¯äººé¡åŠè
ã®ã¯ããŒãã»ã¬ãŽã£=ã¹ãããŒã¹ã§ããã圌ã¯ãæ§é ç¥è©±åŠãã«ãããŠããªã€ãã£ããŒã¹ã®æ²åããç¥è©±çŽ (è±èªç)ã®ããã ã®å·®ç°ã®æ§é ãšççŸã®äœç³»ãšããŠåæãããç¥è©±çæèãã®ååšãæå±ããããªã€ãã£ããŒã¹ç¥è©±ã®ç®çã®äžã€ã¯ãçŸå®ã®ççŸã説æãè§£æããããã®æ§é çãªè«çã¢ãã«ã®æäŸã«ãããšããããã®ç¥è©±ã®èåŸã«ã¯æ§ã
ãªççŸå¯Ÿç«é
ããããäŸãã°ã人ã¯ç·å¥³ã®çµå©ã«ãã£ãŠçãããšããèªèã®äžæ¹ã§ã人ã¯åããçãŸãããšããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®äŒæ¿ã®ççã«ã€ããŠããã®ççŸã解決ããããã®æ§é ææ¡ããªã€ãã£ããŒã¹ç¥è©±ã§ãããšããã
ããã€ãã®ç¡æèã®çºèŠããæ·µæºãããšãèšããæ·±å±€å¿çåŠã®çè«ã¯ãæŽå²çã«çŸããçŸè±¡ãšã¯å¥ã«ãæéãè¶
ããŠæ®éçã«ååšããæ§é ã®ååšãæããããŠã³ã°ã¯ããã®ãããªæ®éçã»ç¡æéçãªæ§é ã®äœçšãšããŠå
åã®æŠå¿µãæå±ãããã±ã¬ãŒãã€ãšã®å
±èãç¥è©±åŠå
¥éãã«ãããŠã¯ãç«¥åç¥ã®æ·±å±€å¿çåŠçãªåæãè¡ãããããã³ã¬ãŒãæ°žé ã®å°å¹ŽãšããŠã®ãšããŒã¹ã¯å€ªæ¯(å°æ¯ç¥)ãšããŠã®ããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«ãªã©ãšã®é¢ä¿ã§åºçŸããå
åã§ããããåçã®ç¥è©±ããšåŒã°ãããã®ããç¡æèã®æ§é ããèµ·æºããèªæã®æç«åºç€ã§ãããèªæã®å®å
šæ§ãžã®å¿åãè£å®ããæ®éçãªåçæ©æ§ã§ãããšããã
çŽå
3äžçŽãªãã4äžçŽã«ã¯æªã ããã¬ããºã æä»£ãšããŒãåžæ¿æã«é ãããäŒåããŠããè«å€§ãªéã®æžç±ããã£ããšããããäŸãã°ãå€å
žäžå€§æ²å詩人ã®äœåã¯ãçŸåšäŒåããŠãããã®ã¯ãåãäŒãã£ãŠãããã®ã®ãªãã®ååã®äžãããªããããã®åœæã«ã¯æªã ã»ãŒå
šå·»ãæã£ãŠãããšèããããããããã®è«å€§ãªæžç±ã»åæ¬ã¯ããã¬ããºã æä»£ãéãå»ããåžæ¿ããŒããçµçãè¿ããåŸã§ã¯ãæ¿æžããŠã»ãšãã©ã®æžç±ãæ£éžãããšãããã
ããã¯æ±è¥¿ã«åè£ããããŒãåžåœã®è¥¿ã®åžåœã®é åã§èããã£ãã西ããŒãã¯éããªãæ»
亡ããã²ã«ãã³ã®åœã§ãããã©ã³ã¯çåœãæç«ããããäžæŠå€±ãããæžç±ã¯åã³å埩ããªãã£ãã仿¹ãæ±ã®åžåœããªãã¡ãã¶ã³ãã£ã³åžåœã®é åã§ã¯ã倿°ã®æžç±ãšãã®åæ¬ããªãè±å¯ã«æ®ã£ãŠããããããå©çšããŠã12äžçŽã®ãšãã³ãã¹ã»ãã§ãã§ãŒã¹ãªã©ã®æç®åŠè
ã¯ããªãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«é¢ããèšå€§ãªæ³šéæ¬ãªã©ãèšããŠããã
西欧ã«ãããŠã¯ããã¹ãŠã®åæ¬ãå€ä»£ã®éºç£ã倱ãããããã§ã¯ãªãã14äžçŽãã15äžçŽã«ãããŠã®ã«ãããµã³ã¹ã«ãããŠã䞹念ã«ä¿®éé¢ã®ææžåº«ãªã©ã調ã¹ãããšã§ãã®ãªã·ã¢èªåå
žã®åæ¬ãªã©ããªãçºèŠããã€ã¥ããã仿¹ã西欧ã§å€±ãããå€ãã®æžç±ã¯ã8äžçŽã«ãããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã åžåœã®åèãšå
±ã«ããã¶ã³ãã£ã³åžåœãä»ããŠã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ã«æž¡ã£ãããããã¢ã©ãã¹ãªã©æ¥µäžéšã®äŸå€ãé€ããç¥è©±ã«ã€ããŠã®æžç±ã¯äŒæ¿ãããªãã£ãã äžäžããã«ããµã³ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ããã¯ãããŠã¹ããã«ã²ã³ãã£ãŠã¹(è±èªç)ããã«ãã£ã¢ãã¹ã»ã«ããã©ãã»ã«ãŠã£ãŠã¹ãã®ã©ãã³èªèäœãå€ä»£ç¥è©±ã®åºå
žãšããŠåç
§ããããããã«çæã«ã¯ãããã«ã³ã»ããã°ã©ãã¹ããªã©äžäžç¬èªã®å€ä»£ç¥è©±éæãèãããã
西欧ã§ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èªã«ããæèžã¯ã»ãšãã©å¿ããããŠãããã14äžçŽåé ã®ä»£è¡šçãªäžäžè©©äººã§ãããã³ãã»ã¢ãªã®ãšãªã¯ããç¥æ²ãå°çç¯ã®ãªãã§ãªã³ããŒãšããé åãé ããããã«å€ä»£ã®è©©äººãé
眮ããã5人ã®è©©äººäž4人ã¯ã©ãã³èªè©©äººã§ãæ®ãã®äžäººããã¡ãŒãã¹ã§ãã£ãããããããã³ãã¯ãã¡ãŒãã¹ã®äœåãç¥ããªãã£ããã西欧ã«ãã®å€§è©©äººãç¥ãããã®ã¯ãããåŸã«ãªã£ãŠããã§ãã£ãã
ããã西欧ã§ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ããŒã詩人ãªãŠã£ãã£ãŠã¹ã®åãšãã®äœåã¯ããç¥ãããŠãããã€ã¿ãªã¢ã»ã«ããµã³ã¹ã®çµµç»ã§ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®äž»é¡ãæç¢ºã«è¡šçŸããŠãããã®ãšããŠããµã³ããã»ãããã£ãã§ãªã®ããŽã£ãŒãã¹ã®èªçããšãæ¥ããååšããã䞡絵ç»å
±ã«å¶äœå¹Žã¯æç¢ºã§ã¯ãªããã1482幎é ã§ããããšæ³å®ãããŠãããé«éç§çŸã¯ãã®äºã€ã®çµµç»ãè§£éããŠããæ¥ãã¯ãªãŠã£ãã£ãŠã¹ã®ãç¥æŠãã®æåã«åèŽããäžæ¹ãããŽã£ãŒãã¹ã®èªçããšãæ¥ãã察ãæãäœåãªãã°ãããã¯ã倩ã®ã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒããšã倧è¡ã®ã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒãã®æãåãã®å¯èœæ§ããããšææããŠããã
ãããã£ãã§ãªã®ããŽã£ãŒãã¹ã®èªçãã¯ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ã»ã«ããµã³ã¹ã«ãããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®å
·è±¡ç衚çŸã®ä»£è¡šçãªäœåãšãèšããããã®çµµã®èåŸã«ãããšæ³å®ããããã«ã·ãªãªã»ãã£ããŒããªã©(ãã©ãã³ã»ã¢ã«ãããŒ)ã®ããªãã©ãããºã ã®å²åŠããéè¡çã«ããµã³ã¹ã®ææ³ã¯ãç§æçãªã®ãªã·ã¢æåãšè¥¿æ¬§æåã®ããã ã§éåºããçŸçç¥è©±çåçã§ãããšãèšãããæ¬¡ã«ã西欧äžçã«ãããŠãã«ããµã³ã¹æä»¥åã®ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã¯ã©ã®ãããªãã®ã ã£ãã®ããèšãã
西欧ã«ãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ããããŠããã¡ãŒãã¹ã®åã¯ããããããããã€ã¢ã®ç©èªãã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã§æããããŠãããããã¯çŽå
4äžçŽãªãã5äžçŽã®ã©ãã³èªã®è©©ãããã€ã¢æŠäºæ¥èªããšãããã€ã¢æ»
äº¡ã®æŽå²ç©èªããçŽ æãšããŠã12äžçŽã«ããã¯ã»ãã»ãµã³ã=ã¢ãŒã«ããã©ã³ã¹èªã§æžããããã³ã¹é¢šã®ãããã€ã¢ç©èªãããåºãã£ãŠè¡ã£ããã®ã§ããããã®äœåã¯æŽã«ã©ãã³èªã§ç¿»æ¡ãããå
šãšãŒãããäžã«åºãŸã£ããšãããã
åäºè©©äººãã¡ãŒãã¹ãæå³ããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ãšã西欧äžäžã«ãã£ãŠãããã€ã¢ç©èªããéããŠæµåžããã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åã§ã¯ãã©ã®ãããªéãããã£ãã®ããããã§èšããã®ã¯ãäž¡è
ãå
±ã«ãæŽå²æ§ããè² ã£ãŠããããšããããåè
ã¯ãè©©çãã§ããããšããäžçã§ãããåŸè
ã¯ãããŸã§ãå²çãã§ããããšããäžçã§ããããã¡ãŒãã¹æä»£ã®ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®äžçã«ã¯ãç¥ã
ã®é¡çŸããå«ãŸããŠããããå€ä»£æ«æããè¿äžã«ãããŠã®è¥¿æ¬§ã«ãããŠæãæãããŠãããã®ãªã·ã¢äžçãã§ã¯ããç¥ã
ã®äžåšããé¡èã§ãããè±ç¥è©±åãè¡ãããŠããã
ã ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®äººæäž»çŸ©è
ãã¡ã¯ããã¡ãŒãã¹ãã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ãåå
žãã15äžçŽåã°ã«ã©ãã³èªèš³ããããã®ç¿»èš³ãéããæ±è¥¿æ¬§çã«ãã¡ãŒãã¹åã³å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®ææ¡åã«å€åãçããŠããã17äžçŽã«ã¯ããžã§ãŒãžã»ãã£ãããã³ããã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ã(1611幎)ãšããªãã¥ãã»ã€ã¢ã(1614幎)ãè±èš³ããããã ã»ãã·ãš(1654-1720)ããã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ããšããªãã¥ãã»ã€ã¢ããããã©ã³ã¹èªèš³ããããã®ããã«é²å±ããäºã§ãå€å
žã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åçºèŠãšãåŒã¹ãäºæ
ãå°æ¥ããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®åœ±é¿ãçŸåšã匷ãåããŠããåŠåã®äžã€ã倩æåŠã§ãããçŸåšãææãçµãã§äœãæåº§ã¯88ãæ°ãããããã®ãã¡ãã¬ããŒã®48æåº§ãªã©ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãšçµã³ä»ããããŠããããŸãããŒãç¥è©±ã¯å€ªéœã¯ã¢ãããŒã³ãæã¯ã¢ã«ããã¹ã«æ¬ããã»ãããŒãç¥è©±ãçµç±ããŠææã®åç§°ãæ°Žæã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹(ããŒãç¥è©±ã®ã¡ã«ã¯ãªãŠã¹)ãéæã¯ã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒ(åãŽã£ãŒãã¹)ãç«æã¯ã¢ã¬ãŒã¹(åããŒã«ã¹)ãæšæã¯ãŒãŠã¹(åãŠãŒããã«)ãåæã¯ã¯ããã¹(åãµãŒãã¥ã«ãã¹)ã«æ¬ããããŠãããè¿ä»£ã«ãªã£ãŠã¬ãªã¬ãªã»ã¬ãªã¬ã€æšæã®4ã€ã®è¡æãçºèŠãããšããã¬ãã¡ãããšãŠãããã«ãªã¹ããã€ãªãšãŒãŠã¹ã«ãããã®ããç©ãåœåãããŠãããè¿ä»£ä»¥éçºèŠããã倩äœã倩çæ(ãŠãŒã©ãã¹)ãæµ·çæ(ãã»ã€ããŒã³(ããŒãç¥è©±ã®ãããã¥ãŒã³))ãå¥çæ(ããŒããŒã¹(ããŒãç¥è©±ã®ãã«ãŒããŒ))ãšã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ãããã®ããåãã€ããããæ
£è¡ãæ®ã£ãŠããã20äžçŽãã21äžçŽã«ãããŠãå¥çæã«è¡æãçºèŠããããšã«ãã³ããã¥ã¯ã¹ããã¥ãã©ãã±ã«ããã¹ãšããŒããŒã¹ã«ãããã®ããäºç©ã«å ãã§åœåãããŠããã倩äœã®æ°çºèŠãçžæ¬¡ãåœåã«äœ¿çšããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®äºç©ãæ¯æžãå§ãããšãç¥è©±ã®ç¥ã
ã®åã䜿çšããããšããæ
£è¡ã«ããåœåãè¡ãããŠããã21äžçŽã«ãªã£ãŠããªã倩æåŠã«ãããŠã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®åœ±é¿ã¯åŒ·ãã
å»åŠã«ãããŠãå»çã®è±¡åŸŽã«ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒããªã¹ã®èã®æã䜿çšããããªã©ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ãããã®ããç©ã倿°ãããã¢ãã¬ã¹è
±ããšãã£ãã¹ã³ã³ãã¬ãã¯ã¹ãªã©ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ç±æ¥ã§ããããŸãå¿çåŠãæå³ãããµã€ã³ããžãŒã®ããµã€ã³ããå¿ã®å¥³ç¥ãã·ã¥ãŒã±ãŒã«ç±æ¥ããã»ããæ§æãæå³ããããšãã¹ãã¯æã®ç¥ãšããŒã¹ã«ç±æ¥ãããææãã嫿ªããæå³ããããã©ãã¢ãã¯ããã©ãã¹ãã«ç±æ¥ããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã¯ã€ã¿ãªã¢äººæäž»çŸ©ã®çµµç»ã®äž»é¡ã ãã§ã¯ãªããæ§ã
ãªçµµç»ã»èŠèŠçèžè¡ã®äž»é¡ãšããªãããããã£ãã§ãªãæŽã«å€ãã®çµµç»ãæããã«ããµã³ã¹æã®ã¬ãªãã«ãã»ãã»ãŽã£ã³ãããã±ã©ã³ãžã§ããã©ãã¡ãšããã¯ãããã³ã¬ããžã§ããã£ãã£ã¢ãŒããã«ã©ãŽã¡ããžã§ãã«ãŒãã³ã¹ããã³ã©ã»ãããµã³ããã©ã¯ãã¢ãã³ããŒããããã¯ã»ã¢ã³ã°ã«ãã®ã¥ã¹ã¿ãŒãŽã»ã¢ããŒãã°ã¹ã¿ãã»ã¯ãªã ããªã©ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«é¡æãåã£ãçµµãæããŠãããçŸè¡é€šãåç©é€šãæå³ããããã¥ãŒãžã¢ã ãã¯ã ãŒãµã«ç±æ¥ããã
ãŸããæ°å€ãã®æåŠè
ã詩人ããäœåã®é¡æã圢容ã»ä¿®é£Ÿã«ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®éžè©±ãå Žé¢ãå©çšããããšã§ãäœåã«éå±€æ§ãäžããŠããããžã§ã³ã»ãã«ãã³ã¯ã倱楜åãããã³ãŠãã¹ãã«ãããŠä¿®é£ŸåŒçšãè¡ã£ãŠãããã¹ãã³ãµãŒã¯ãåŠç²Ÿå¥³çãã§ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«èšåãããããã³æŽŸã®è©©äººãã¡ã¯ããã°ãã°ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ããã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãåŸãŠãããããã£ã€ã«ãã»ããã«ããã«ãããããŒãã»ãã€ãã³ãããšã³ãã¥ããªãŒã³ããããã·ã¥ãŒã±ãŒã«å¯ãããªãŒããã«ããããžã§ã³ã»ããŒããªã©ã§ããããã«ããªãŒã³ã¯ããã¥ããŒãªãªã³ããããšã³ããã¯ã¬ã¹ããæžããã©ã€ããŒã»ããªã¢ã»ãªã«ã±ã¯ããªã«ãã©ã€ã¹ã«ç®ãããŸããããé£äœãé ã£ãããªã«ããŠã¹ããŸã詩人ã«éæãäžãããžã£ã³ã»ã³ã¯ããŒã¯æ ç»ãå¶äœããŠããããžã§ã€ã ãºã»ãžã§ã€ã¹ã®äœåãç¹ã«ããŠãªã·ãŒãºãããŸãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®åœ±é¿ãåããŠããã
鳿¥œãæå³ãããã¥ãŒãžãã¯ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®ã ãŒãµã«ç±æ¥ããã18äžçŽä»¥éã鳿¥œã®åéã§ããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã顿ãã¢ããŒããšãããã®ã倿°å¶äœããããã°ã«ãã¯ã«ã¯ããããªãŒããšãšã¬ãŒã(è±èªç)ããããªãŒãªãŒãã®ã€ãã£ãžã§ããŒãããããŒãªãŒãã®ã€ãã£ãžã§ããŒããããããã«ãªãªãŒãºã¯ãããã€ã¢ã®äººã
ããäœæ²ããŠãããã¢ãŒãã¡ã«ãã«ã¯ãã¢ã€ãã€ã¢ãŒã¹ã®åãäž»é¡ãšãã ãã¢ã«ãã®ã¢ã¹ã«ãŒããªããããããŸããã€ãã¡ããªããããããªãã©äœåãšããŠãã°ã«ãã¯ã«ã¯ããªãŠã£ãã£ãŠã¹ã®äœåãåäœãšããããšã³ãŒãšãã«ã·ã¹(è±èªç)ããããããªãã£ã«ãã»ã·ã¥ãã©ãŠã¹ã«ã¯ãããšã¬ã¯ãã©ãããšãŠãªãŒãããŒã¹ã®æ²åãå
ã«ããããšãžããã®ãã¬ãããããã¯ãœã¹å³¶ã®ã¢ãªã¢ãããããããããããããã«ãŒã«ã»ãªã«ãã¯ãã¢ã³ãã£ãŽããŒããäœæ²ããŠããããªããã§ã³ããã¯ã¯ç¥è©±ãããã£ã®åæåãåŸæãšãããå°çã®ãªã«ãã§(倩åœãšå°ç)ãã«ã¯ãåŠæ æã®ãªã«ãã§ãªå€«å©Šãç¥ã
ã®åŽçµã«æãçŒããŠãããŒã«ãªã©ç®èãã£ã·ãã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãç»å Žããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®è±éãããã¯åºæ¥äºãæ ç»åããäœåã¯æ¬§ç±³ã«ãããŠéåžžã«å€æ°ã«æããããã€ã¢æŠäºãäž»é¡ã«ããæ ç»äœåã¯æ°å€ãå¶äœãããŠãããããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã䞻人å
¬ãšããäœåããŸãå€ããããã¢ã«ãŽããŠã¿ã€ãããŒã»ãŠã¹(äž»ã«ã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ã®è¿·å®®ãèå°ãšããŠ)ã®ç©èªãããŒãã€æ»ãã®äžå°ãªã©ã®è©±ãæ ç»åãããŠãããã®ãªã·ã¢æ²åãæ ç»ãšãªã£ãŠãããã®ãå€ãã
è¿å¹Žã§ã¯ããããªã²ãŒã ã®é¡æãšããŠã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãéžã°ããäºããããããã©ã¯ã¬ã¹ã®æ å
ãã¯ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã䞻人å
¬ãšããç¥è©±ã®äžçãæ
ããããŒã«ãã¬ã€ã³ã°ã²ãŒã ã§ãã(äœåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã䞻人å
¬ã§ãªããã®ããã)ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã¹ãã©ããžãŒã§ããããšã€ãž ãªã ããœããžãŒãã«ãããŠã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹åäºç¥ãããã¯ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ã®åãåãã€ã€ã®ãªã·ã¢ææãã¢ãã©ã³ãã£ã¹ææãçºå±ãããä»ã®ææãæã¡åããããŽããã»ãªãã»ãŠã©ãŒãã«ãããŠã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®(ç¹ã«)è±éèã«ãããèã
ãããæ®é
·ããåé¢ã«æŒãåºããç©èªãå±éããããããã¯æ¬äœãæ ŒéæŠã䞻軞ãšããæ¿ããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã²ãŒã ã§ãããããã²ãŒã ãã¶ã€ã³(éå
·ãšããŠã®èšèš)ã®èгç¹ãããæŽåçãªç©èªã§ããå¿
èŠæ§ããã£ãããã§ããã
ã¢ããããŒãã¹ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãã®èš³è
ãŸãããã§é«æŽ¥æ¥ç¹ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã¯ããªãŠã£ãã£ãŠã¹ãå€èº«ç©èªãããåããã話ã軞ã«ç޹ä»ãããŠæ¥ããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã æ¬§ç±³ã§ãæ¥æ¬ã§ããåäŸåãããããã¯è¥ã人åãã«ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ç©èªã®æžãäžãåºçãå€ããããããã¯ãªãŠã£ãã£ãŠã¹ã®æ¬ã®ããã«ããã¬ããºã çãªççŸããšåªããã«éç¹ã眮ããç©èªã倧åã§ãããç°ãªãã®ã¯ãæäººåãã®ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã§ãã£ãŠãããã»ã©éèŠã§ããªããå€èº«ãç©èªãææèãå€ãåãäžããæã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1
|
6,205 |
倧å (æŠèŠ)
|
倧å()ã¯ãå€§æ¥æ¬åžåœæµ·è»ã建é ãã倧ååæŠèŠã®1çªèŠã2çªèŠã®æŠèµãšãšãã«ãå²äžæå€§ã«ããŠå¯äž46ã»ã³ãç ²ãæèŒããè¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠã§ããã建é åœåã¯ãäžçæå€§ã®æŠèŠã ã£ããåæµ·è»å·¥å» ã§å»ºé ãæå16幎(1941幎)12æ16æ¥å°±åœ¹ãæå20幎(1945幎)4æ7æ¥ã倩äžå·äœæŠ(åãå²¬æ²æµ·æŠ)ã§æ²æ²¡ã
倧ååæŠèŠã®1çªèŠã§ãã(äºçªèŠã¯æŠèµ)ã倧åã®èŠåã¯å¥è¯çã®æ§åœåã®å€§ååœã«ç±æ¥ãããèŠåã¯ãææ²»ã»å€§æ£æä»£ã®æµ·é²èŠ/ç¹åèŠå€§åã«ç¶ããŠäºä»£ç®ã
倧åã¯æŠèŠãšããŠå²äžæå€§ã®ææ°Žéã«å²äžæå€§ã®46cmäž»ç ²3åº9éãåããé²åŸ¡é¢ã§ããææ®ç³»çµ±ã®éäžããéèŠåºç»(ãã€ã¿ã«ããŒã)ã§ã¯å¯Ÿ46cmç ²é²åŸ¡ãæœããæŠèŠã§ãã£ããèšèšã¯ãã¡ããããããã¯å·¥æ³ã®æ¡çšãªã©æœå·¥ã«ãããŠãåœæã®æ¥æ¬ã®æé«ã®æè¡ãé§äœ¿ãããããããããã®ååšãç¹ã«46cmäž»ç ²ã®æèŒãæé«è»äºæ©å¯ã§ãã£ãã®ã§ãå»ºèšæããç§å¿ã«åãæ³šããããŸãå®æãæ°æ¥å·®ãªãããã§ã«æŠæäžã«ãªã£ãŠããããšãããã«ææŠååŸã«èšèšå³å«ãå€ãã®èšé²ãçŒåŽåŠåãããããã«ãã®å§¿ããšãããçŸååçã¯éåžžã«å°ãªããªã£ãŠããã
å€ªå¹³æŽæŠäº(倧æ±äºæŠäº)éæŠçŽåŸã®1941幎(æå16幎)12æ16æ¥ã«å°±åœ¹ã1942幎(æå17幎)2æ12æ¥ã«é£åèŠéæèŠãšãªã£ã(åžä»€é·å®å±±æ¬äºåå
倧å°)ã6æäžæ¬ã®ããããŠã§ãŒäœæŠãåé£ãšãªã£ãã1943幎(æå18幎)2æãåžä»€éšèšåã«æ¹è¯ãæœãããååèŠã®æŠèµããã©ãã¯å³¶ã«é²åºããåèŠã«é£åèŠéæèŠä»»åãç§»è²ãå幎æ«ã倧åã¯èŒžéäœæŠäžã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«æœæ°ŽèŠã®é·æã§å°ç Žããã ä¿®çã»æ¹è£
åŸã1944幎(æå19幎)6æã®æžŸäœæŠãããªã¢ãæ²æµ·æŠã«åå ãããå幎10æäžæ¬ä»¥éã®æ·äžå·äœæŠã§ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®è·è¡ç©ºæ¯éšé(ã¿ãã£ãŒ3)ã«å¯Ÿã46cmäž»ç ²ç ²æã宿œãã(ã¬ã€ãæ²æµ·æŠ)ã1945幎(æå20幎)4æ7æ¥ã倩äžå·äœæŠã«ãããŠç¬¬äºèŠé(第äžèªç©ºæŠé)æèŠãšããŠéºŸäžã®ç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠéãšå
±ã«æ²çžæ¹é¢ãžåºæãããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®ç©ºæ¯æ©ã«ãã空襲ãåãææ²ããã(åãå²¬æ²æµ·æŠ)ã
ãã³ãã³æµ·è»è»çž®æ¡çŽã®å€±å¹ãã1幎åŸã®1937幎(æå12幎)ã倱å¹åŸã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã»ã€ã®ãªã¹æµ·è»ã建é ããã§ãããæ°åæŠèŠã«å¯ŸæãããèŠè¹ãåžåœæµ·è»ã§ã建é ããããšãæ¥åãšã¿ãè»ä»€éšã¯ãèŠæ¿æ¬éšã«å¯Ÿãäž»ç ²ãšããŠ18ã€ã³ãç ²(46ã»ã³ãç ²)ãè£
åããè¶
å€§åæŠèŠã®å»ºé èŠæ±ãåºããããã®èŠæ±ãæºããã¹ãèšèšãããã®ããA140-F6ããããªãã¡åŸã®å€§ååæŠèŠã§ããããA140-F6ãåã¯2é»ã®å»ºé ãèšç»ãããããããã第äžå·èŠãã第äºå·èŠããšä»®ç§°ãããããããåœæãã§ã«èªç©ºäž»å
µè«ãæå±ããå§ããŠããããšããããå±±æ¬äºåå
ãèªç©ºäž»å
µè«ã®å°æ ¡ããã¯ãããã倧åèŠã®å»ºé ãæ¹å€ãããŠããã
1937幎(æå12幎)8æ21æ¥ãç±³å
å
æ¿æµ·è»å€§è£ãã第äžå·èŠè£œé èšä»€ã宿¿æ©å¯ç¬¬3301å·ããåºããšã5幎åŸã®1942幎(æå17幎)6æ15æ¥ãå®æææ¥ãšããŠããã«ç¬¬äžå·èŠã®å»ºé ãå§åãããå幎11æ4æ¥ã«ã¯åºå³¶çååžã®åæµ·è»å·¥å» ã®é è¹è¹æž ã§èµ·å·¥ãé·éåæŠèŠ1çªèŠé·éã倩ååå·¡æŽæŠèŠ2çªèŠèµ€å(空æ¯)ã建é ãã也ããã¯ã¯å€§å建é ã®ããã«1ã¡ãŒãã«æãäžããŠãé·ã314ã¡ãŒãã«ãå¹
45ã¡ãŒãã«ãæ·±ã11ã¡ãŒãã«ã«æ¡åŒµããããã€ã®ãªã¹ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãã®èŠãè¶
è¶ããæŠèŠãäœãããªãããã«å»ºé ã¯ç§å¯è£ã«é²ããããèšèšè
ãã¡ã«æäº€ãããèŸä»€ãããã®å Žã§ååãããçšã ã£ãããŸãèŠã®æ§èœå€ãæå³çã«å°ããç»é²ãããã
æ©å¯ä¿æã¯å³éãæ¥µãããé è¹æãèŠäžãããæã«ã¯æ¿å¡ãèšããããããã¯ã«ã¯èŠã®é·ããããããªãããååã«å±æ ¹ãæ¶ããæ£æ«(ãã
ã)ã®èãç·šã¿èŸŒãã 倧éã®çµãå
šé¢ã«åŒµãå·¡ããããã建é ã«æºããè
ã«ã¯å³ãã身äžèª¿æ»ãè¡ãããäžãèªåã®æ
åœä»¥å€ã®éšçœ²ã«ã€ããŠã®æ
å ±ã¯å¿
èŠæå°éããç¥ãããšãã§ããªãããã«ãªã£ãŠãããé è¹æèªäœãå³ããæ©å¯ä¿æã®ããã«è»ã®ç®¡å¶äžã«çœ®ãããã建é ããã¯ãèŠäžããå±±ã§ãæ²å
µãèŠåã«ããã£ãŠããããããæµ·è»é¢ä¿è
ã®éã§å·šå€§æŠèŠå»ºé ã®äºå®ãã®ãã®ã¯å
¬ç¶ã®äºå®ã ã£ããæµ·è»å
µåŠæ ¡ã®çåŸãä¹ããç·Žç¿æ©ã倧åã®äžç©ºãé£ã³ãæå®ãçåŸéã«æ«é²ããããšããã£ããšããã倧ååæŠèŠå»ºé ã®éã®æ©å¯ä¿æã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå€ãã®å»ºèŠé¢ä¿è
ãè¡ãéãããã£ãããšãææããŠããã
1940幎(æå15幎)3æ3æ¥ãæµ·è»ã¯3èšç»1å·èŠã®èŠååè£ãšããŠã倧åããšãä¿¡æ¿ããæãã3æ6æ¥ã«æå倩çã¯ã倧åããéžæãããè»èŠã®åœåã¯ãæµ·è»å€§è£ãè€æ°ã®åè£ãéžå®ããŠå€©çã®æ²»å®ãä»°ãããšãå®ããããŠããã倩çã®æ±ºå®ããããŠåç°ååŸæµ·è»å€§è£ã¯ã第äžå·èŠãã倧å(ããŸãš)ãšåœåããããªã忥éã§3èšç»ã®åèŠèŠåãæŠèµ(2å·èŠ)ãç¿é¶Ž(3å·èŠ)ãçé¶Ž(4å·èŠ)ãæ±ºå®ããŠããã
å幎8æ8æ¥é²æ°Žããã ã鲿°Žãšãã£ãŠãæŠèµ(äžè±é·åŽé è¹æå»ºé )ã®ããã«éžã®è¹å°ããæåéã鲿°Žãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã倧åã®å Žåã¯é è¹ããã¯ã«æ³šæ°ŽããŠããæ³è¹ã«ãã£ãŠåŒãåºã圢ã§è¡ãããããããæ©å¯ä¿æãããã®é²æ°ŽåŒã¯å
¬è¡šãããããšããªããé«å®100åãšé²æ°Žäœæ¥å¡1000åãèŠå®ãã ãã§ãäžçäžã®æŠèŠã®é²æ°ŽåŒãšããŠã¯å¯ãããã®ã ã£ããæå倩çãæµ·è»å
µåŠæ ¡ã®åæ¥åŒåºåžãšããåç®ã§å€§å鲿°ŽåŒã«è¡å¹žããäºå®ãçµãŸããé è¹é¢ä¿è
ã¯ç€Ÿæ®¿é¢šã®é²æ°Žå°ãå¶äœãããã鲿°ŽåŒã¯çµå±å€©çã®çŸ©å
ã«ãããä¹
éå®®æèçæµ·è»å€§äœ(éŠæ·³çåã®å
ãåœææµ·é²èŠå
«é²èŠé·)èšåžã®ããšã§è¡ããããæµ·è»å€§è£ä»£çãšããŠåŒã«èšãã å¶ç°ç¹å€ªéæµ·è»äžå°ã¯ããããŸã§ä»®ç§°ãäžå·èŠããšåŒã°ããŠãããã®å·šèŠã®ããšãåããŠããã ãèšåžè
ã«ãèãåãé£ãã»ã©ã®äœã声ã§ã倧åãšåŒãã ãé è¹é¢ä¿è
ã¯èååã¹ã«ãŒã2é»(倧åãæŠèµ)ãæ¢ã«å»èŠã«ãªã£ãŠããããšããæ°åæŠèŠ(æ¬èŠ)ã®èŠåã倧åãšäºæž¬ãæ©¿åç¥å®®ãšå代ç°åäºéæ©ãæããæç°çŒã®é¢šéŽã500åå¶äœãé¢ä¿è
ã®ã¿ã«é
åžããã 8æ11æ¥ã垰京ããæèçã¯å€©çã«å€§å鲿°ŽåŒã«ã€ããŠå ±åããã
倧å鲿°ŽåŸã®ããã¯ã§ã¯å€§åå4çªèŠ111å·èŠã®å»ºé ãã¯ããŸã£ããã倧åã®è€è£
å·¥äºã«åŽåãå²ãããã111å·èŠã®é²æã¯é
ãããäžæ¹ã®å€§åã¯åè¿°ã®ããã«1942幎6æã®ç«£å·¥ãç®æããŠè€è£
å·¥äºãç¶ããããæ¥æ¬æµ·è»ã¯æ¬èŠã®å®æææç¹°ãäžããåœä»€ã
1941幎(æå16幎)10æ18æ¥ãåäœæ²ã§ã®è©Šéèªã§ãè倩(颚éå西20m)ã®äžã§éå27.4ããã(çŽ50.7km/h)ãèšé²ãç¶ããŠ30æ¥ã®å®¿æ¯æ¹Ÿã§ãå
šåå
¬è©Š27.46ããããèšé²ã11æ25æ¥ã«ã¯å±±æ¬äºåå
é£åèŠéåžä»€é·å®ãèŠå¯ã«èšªããã12æ7æ¥ãåšé²çã§äž»ç ²å°æã宿œãããçç æ¹Ÿæ»æã®åæ¥ã ã£ãã12æ8æ¥ãå鲿©åéšéã®å容æ©è·ã®ããè±åŸæ°ŽéãåäžããæŠèŠ6é»(é·éãéžå¥¥ãæ¶æ¡ãå±±åãäŒå¢ãæ¥å)ã空æ¯é³³ç¿ãç¬¬äžæ°Žé·æŠé以äžé£åèŠéäž»åèŠéãšããéãã ååž°æåŸã®ç¬¬äžå·èŠ(倧å)ã¯12æ16æ¥éã§ç«£å·¥ããã忥éã§ç¬¬äžæŠéã«ç·šå
¥ããããèŠèé¡å¥ççŽè¡šã«ãã倧ååæŠèŠããç»é²ãããã倧åã®1/500æš¡åã¯æå倩çãšéŠæ·³çå倩芧ã®ã®ã¡æµ·è»çã«äžãæž¡ãããæµ·è»èŠæ¿æ¬éšã®é庫ã«ä¿ç®¡ããããšããã
倧åã«ã¯åœæã®ææ°æè¡ã倿°äœ¿çšãããŠãããæ¥æ¬æµ·è»ã®è»èŠã§ã¯æåã«é æ³¢æµæãæã¡æ¶ãçç¶èŠéŠ(ãã«ãã¹ã»ããŠ)ãçšããŠéååäžãã¯ãã(竣工ã¯ç¿é¶Žãå
)ãç
çªãªã©ã«ãããèã®å·£æ§é ã®è£
ç²ã巚倧ãªèŠ³æž¬çšã®æž¬è·åã®è£
åãªã©ã鲿°Žæã«ã¯äžçæå€§ææ°éã®èŠåã ã£ãã就圹åœåã¬ãŒããŒã¯è£
åãããŠããªãã£ããããã®åŸé»æ¢ã挞次è£
åãããŠãã£ãã ãªããå¯ç ²ã«ã¯æäžå軜巡æŽèŠ(åœæ)ã®15.5ã»ã³ãäž»ç ²ããã®ãŸãŸè»¢çšãããããããã¯æµ·è»ãæµ·è»äŒæ¥ãç Žæ£ããŠæ¡çŽåå·¡æŽèŠã®äž»ç ²ã15ã»ã³ãç ²ãã20ã»ã³ãç ²ã«å
¥ãæ¿ããã®ãæåããèšç»ããŠããããããšãã説ãããã
1942幎(æå17幎)2æ12æ¥ã倧åã¯é£åèŠéæèŠãšãªã£ããåè¬éã¯ãããŸã§æèŠã ã£ãé·éã«æ¯ã¹æ Œæ®µã«åäžããæ¬èŠã®å±
äœæ§ã«åãã§ããã 3æ30æ¥ãè·é¢38100mã§46cmäž»ç ²å°æèšç·Žãè¡ãã第äºèŠéç ²è¡åè¬è€ç°æ£è·¯ã¯å€§åã®äž»ç ²å°æãèŠãŠ1942幎5æ11æ¥ã®æ¥èªã«ããã§ã«æŠèŠã¯æçšãªãå
µçš®ã«ããããä»éãããããã¯ãã åŸæ¥ã®æ°æ§ãå¶ååŽæçä¿¡ä»°ãåŸã€ã€ããããšæ®ããã5æ29æ¥ã倧åã¯ããããŠã§ãŒäœæŠã«ããå±±æ¬äºåå
é£åèŠéåžä»€é·å®ã座ä¹ããŠæ±å³¶æ³å°ãåºèªããããäž»éãšããŠåŸæ¹ã«ãããã倧åãçŽæ¥ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ãšç ²ç«ã亀ããããšã¯ãªãã£ãã6æ10æ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®æœæ°ŽèŠã«å¯ŸããŠäºçªå¯ç ²ãšé«è§ç ²ãçºç ²ãããå6æ14æ¥æ±å³¶ã«åž°æããã
倧åãæ©åéšéãšåè¡ããªãã£ãã®ã¯ãæŠåããã®èŠéæ±ºæŠææ³ãšåãã空æ¯ã¯åè¡éšéãæŠèŠã¯äž»åéšéãšããææ³ã®å
ã«å
憂
åãããããã§ãããèŠèã®æé«é床ãšã®çŽæ¥çãªé¢ä¿ã¯ãªãã£ããå®éãäž»å空æ¯ã®ãã¡æãäœéã®ç©ºæ¯å è³ã®éåºŠå·®ã¯æ®ã©0ãé£é·¹åèªç©ºæ¯èŠã¯25ããã(æé46.25km/h)ã§å€§ååæŠèŠããå£éã§ããããã ãé£é·¹å空æ¯ã¯æ°é客è¹ãæ¹é ããèŠã§ãæ£èŠç©ºæ¯ã§ã¯ãªããèªç©ºæ¯èŠã®è·è¡ã¯ããé«éãªèŠãå¿
èŠã ã£ãã®ã¯äºå®ã§ãããå®éã空æ¯ã®è·è¡ã«ã¯æŠèŠã®äžã§ã¯é«éæŠèŠã«åé¡ãããéåã»æ¯å¡ã»æŠåã»é§å³¶ãçšããããããšãå€ãã£ããæ¥æ¬æµ·è»ã®äž»æŠåã空æ¯ãšèªèãããã®ã¯ããããŠã§ãŒæµ·æŠã§ã®ææŠãåããŠã®ããšã§ããããã®æç¹ã§ã¯å°ãªããšãç·šæäžã¯æŠèŠãäž»åã®æ±ãã§ãã£ãã
1942幎(æå17幎)8æ7æ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ãã¬ãã«ã«ãã«å³¶ã«æ¥è¥²ããŠã¬ãã«ã«ãã«å³¶ã®æŠããå§ãŸã£ãã8æ17æ¥ãå±±æ¬é·å®ä»¥äžé£åèŠéåžä»€éšãä¹ãã倧åã¯ã空æ¯å€§é·¹(æ¥æ¥äžž)ã第7é§éé(æœ®ãæŒ£ãæ)ãšå
±ã«ãœãã¢ã³æ¹é¢ã®æ¯æŽã®ããæ±å³¶ãåºèªããã8æ21æ¥ãã°ãªã¡ã¹å³¶ä»è¿ãèªè¡ããèªæµ·äžã«ç¬¬äºæ¬¡ãœãã¢ã³æµ·æŠãåçºãããèªç©ºæ©èŒžéã®ãã2é»(倧鷹ãæ)ãã©ããŠã«ã«åããããã®ã¡ã3é»(倧åãæœ®ã挣)ã¯8æ28æ¥ã«ãã¥ãŒã¯è«žå³¶ãã©ãã¯æ³å°ã«å
¥æž¯ããããå
¥æ³çŽåã«å€§åã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«æœæ°ŽèŠãã©ã€ã³ã°ãã£ãã·ã¥ããéé·4æ¬ãæã¡èŸŒãŸããã2æ¬ã¯èªçã1æ¬ãåé¿ããŠããããã®åŸããã©ãã¯æ³å°ã§åŸ
æ©ããã 9æ24æ¥ãã¬ãã«ã«ãã«å³¶ãžã®èŒžéäœæŠãããã£ãŠéžè»åè¬èŸ»æ¿ä¿¡äžäœã倧åã«æ¥èŠãå±±æ¬é£åèŠéé·å®ãšäŒè«ããã蟻ã¯å€§åã®å€§ããã«æåãããã ãã倧åãæåç·ã«æå
¥ãããããšã¯ãªãã£ãããã³ããŒãœã³åºå°èŠç ²å°æã«åå ããæ¡ãæ€èšããããåããããšãªã£ãã ç¬¬äžæ¬¡ãœãã¢ã³æµ·æŠã§ã¯ãèèŠã®éååæŠèŠé§å³¶ãšæ¯å¡ã倧åãšåäžä»£ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æ°éæŠèŠã§ãããµãŠã¹ãã³ã¿ãšã¯ã·ã³ãã³ãšã®ç ²ææŠã«ããå€§ç Žãèªæ²ããããã®ç¹ã§ã倧ååæŠèŠã®æå
¥ããããã£ãé£åèŠéã®æ¶æ¥µæ§ãšã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ç©æ¥µæ§ãæ¯èŒããæèŠãããã
1943幎(æå18幎)2æ11æ¥ãé£åèŠéæèŠä»»åã¯å€§åã®éçšçµéšãèžãŸããŠéä¿¡ãæèŠèšåãæ¹è¯ããã倧ååæŠèŠ2çªèŠæŠèµã«å€æŽãããã
5æ8æ¥ãå
å°åèªãšãªã£ãã倧åãã¯ç©ºæ¯ãå²é·¹ãããé²é·¹ããéå·¡æŽèŠãåŠé«ããã矜é»ããªã©ãšãšãã«ãã©ãã¯ãé¢ãããã倧åãã¯5æ13æ¥ã«åã«å
¥æž¯ã åã§ã¯å¯Ÿç©ºå
µåšãå¢åŒ·ãã21å·é»æ¢ãš22å·é»æ¢ãªã©ã¬ãŒããŒãè£
åããã
8æ16æ¥ãäž»åéšé(æŠèŠ3é»ã倧åãé·éãæ¶æ¡ãã空æ¯ã倧鷹ããå·¡æŽèŠ3é»ãæå®ãé«éãèœä»£ããé§éèŠéšéãæ¶Œé¢šã海颚ãç§é²ãå€é²ãè¥æã倩接颚ãå颚ã)ã¯åãåºæãããã©ãã¯ãžåããã ãœãã¢ã³è«žå³¶ã§ã¯æ¿æŠãè¡ããæŠå±ãæªåããŠãããã倧åã¯ãã©ãã¯å³¶ã®æ³å°ã«çãŸã£ããŸãŸå®æŠã«åå ã§ããªãã£ããå±
äœæ§ã®é«ããé£äºãªã©ã®é¢ã§åªéãããŠããããšããããŸã£ãŠãä»èŠã®ä¹çµå¡ãéžè»å°å
µããã倧åããã«ããšæ¶æãããŠãã(åœææºå·ã«æºéã®çµå¶ããé«çŽããã«ãã§ãŒã³ãã€ããããã«ããã£ã)ãäœæŠè¡åãçµããé§éèŠã倧åã«æšªä»ãããé§éèŠä¹çµå¡ã倧åã®å·šå€§ã§æŽã£ã颚åãå©çšããããšãå€ãã£ããšããã10æäžæ¬ãããŒã·ã£ã«è«žå³¶ãžã®åºæåœä»€ãäžã£ããã¢ã¡ãªã«æµ·è»ã®æ©åéšéãããŒã·ã£ã«ã«åããå
¬ç®ãããšã®æ
å ±ãåŸãããã§ãããæèŠæŠèµä»¥äžã倧åãé·éãªã©ã®äž»åéšéã¯æ±ºæŠã®èŠæã§ãã©ãã¯ãåºæããããããã4æ¥éç±³æ©åéšéãåŸ
ã¡äŒãããŠãæµã¯æ¥ãã10æ26æ¥ã«ãã©ãã¯å³¶ã«åž°æž¯ããã
1943幎12æãã倧åãã¯éžè»ç¬ç«æ··æç¬¬äžé£éããã¥ãŒã¢ã€ã«ã©ã³ãå³¶ãžèŒžéããæå·èŒžéã«åå ãã倧åãã¯é§éèŠãç§é²ããã谷颚ãããå±±é²ããšãšãã«æäžå·èŒžééšéãšããŠæšªé è³ãããã©ãã¯ãŸã§ã®èŒžéã«ãããããšãšãªã£ãã
12æ12æ¥ãã倧åãããç¿é¶Žãããå±±é²ãããç§é²ããã颚é²ããã谷颚ãã¯ãã©ãã¯ãåºçºã17æ¥ã«æšªé è³ãžåž°çããã
人å¡ç©ä»¶ãæèŒããŠ12æ20æ¥ã«ã倧åãããå±±é²ããã谷颚ãã¯æšªé è³ãåºçºãããã12æ25æ¥ã«ã倧åãã¯ãã©ãã¯å³¶å西150浬ã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«æœæ°ŽèŠãã¹ã±ãŒããããéé·æ»æãåããäž»ç ²3çªç ²å¡å³è·ã«éé·1æ¬ã被é·ããŠããã4床ã®åŸæãçãããçŽ770ãã³ã®æ³šæ°Žã§åŸ©å
ã詊ãã«26ããããŸã§å éãåé¡ãç¡ãã£ãã®ã§ãé床ãèœãšããéå20ãããååŸã§ãã©ãã¯æ³å°ãžåãã£ããéé·åœäžã®è¡æãæããè
ã¯ãããããããã«åŸæããããç°åžžã«æ°ã¥ãããšãããççºã®è¡æã§è·åŽæ°Žç·è£
ç²èåŸã®æ¯æèæäžç«¯ãå
åŽã«æŒã蟌ãŸããã¹ããªã³ã¿ãŒçžŠå£ã®åºå®é²ãé£ã³ãæ©æ¢°å®€ãš3çªç ²å¡äžéšç«è¬åº«ã«æŒæ°Žãçºçãã被害ãåãããæµžæ°Žéã¯3000-4000ãã³ã§ãããæµåŒŸãæ°Žç·éŒéäžç«¯ä»è¿ã«åœäžãããšæµžæ°Žãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ã¯ãè£
ç²ã®å®å°è©Šéšã«ãããŠææã¯ãããŠãããéå€§ãªæ¬ é¥ãšã¯èªèãããŠããªãã£ãããã ããã倧åãã¯æœæ°ŽèŠã¹ã±ãŒããšã®æŠéåŸã«ãå·Šè·ã«700ãã³åŒ·ã®æ³šæ°Žäœæ¥ãè¡ã£ãŠæ°åã§æ°Žå¹³ãžãšæ»ããäºããã3000-4000ãã³ã浞氎ããŠãããšã¯èãã«ãããä»®ã«3000-4000ãã³ãè¹äœã«æµžæ°ŽããŠããå Žåãåéãæ³šæ°Žããªããã°æ°Žå¹³ã«æ»ããªãã®ãšãå°çãããã©ãã¯æ³å°ã«ãŠã倧åãã¯å¿æ¥ä¿®çãè¡ã£ãŠããããã倧åãã®åæ³æéã¯ç©è³ã®ç©ã¿äžãããã倧åããžã®è£çµŠäœæ¥ãå«ããŠ20æ¥çšããç¡ããåãæ§ã«éé·ãåããŠä¿®çã«äžã¶ææãã£ãæŠèŠããŒã¹ã«ãã©ã€ããšæ¯ã¹ãŠãããã©ãã¯æ³å°ãåºçºãããŸã§ã®æéãå§åçã«çããå ±åãééã£ãŠããå¯èœæ§ãéåžžã«é«ããå·¥äœèŠãæç³ãã«é
å±ãããŠããé è¹å£«å®ã«ããã°ããã©ãã¯æ³å°çåŸã®ã倧åãã¯ãæç³ãã«ãå³è·åŸéšã«åå äžæã®æµžæ°Žããã調æ»ããŠæ¬²ããããšäŸé Œãå·¥äœéšå¡éã¯æ³šææ°Žç³»çµ±ã®æ
éãçã£ããã®ã®ç°åžžã¯ãªãã£ããããã§æœæ°Žèª¿æ»ããããšããå³è·åŸéšã«é·ãåæ°mã»å¹
äºmã®éé·ç ŽåãçºèŠããé©ãããšããã忥ããã©ãã¯ã«å°çãã倧åããã人å¡ç©ä»¶ã¯æäžå·èŒžééšéãžãšç§»ãããè£çµŠãçµããéšéã¯ã«ããšã³ãžåãã£ããã倧åãã¯ãã©ãã¯ã§å¿æ¥ä¿®çãåããåŸã1944幎(æå19幎)1æ10æ¥ã«å
å°ãžã®åž°éãåœããããŠåºçºããäºã«ãªã£ãã
1944幎(æå19幎)1æ10æ¥ã倧åãæºæœ®ãè€æ³¢ã¯ãã©ãã¯æ³å°ãåºçºããã15æ¥ã«ç¬æžå
æµ·ãžå°çããã 被é·ã«ããæããã«ãªã£ãæ¬ é¥ã«å¯ŸããŠã浞氎ç¯å²ããã°ããããã®æ°Žå¯éå£ã远å ãããããè£
ç²ã®ç¶æãšè£
ç²ã®æ¯æéŒæã®ç¶æãšãäžèŽããŠããŸã£ãŠãããšããæ ¹æ¬çæ¬ é¥ã¯è£åŒ·ããæ¹æ³ããªã(æ¯æéŒæã®ç¶æã«è§åºŠãã€ããããšã§ã¯ãµã广ããããšèšèšã§ã¯èããããŠãããããã®ãšããã«ã¯æ©èœããªãã£ã)ãå
ã®ãšããã«ä¿®çãããã ãã§ãã£ãããã®å·¥äºãšäžŠè¡ããŠãäž¡è·å¯ç ²ãæ€å»ããé«è§ç ²6åºãšæ©éãå¢èšããŠå¯Ÿç©ºå
抜
ã®åŒ·åãå³ã£ãã ãªããã¹ã±ãŒãã«ããé·æã®2ã¶æåŸããã©ãã¯åºå°ã®åµå¯é£è¡ã§æ®åœ±ããããã¬ãã£ã«ã äžã«èŠæ
£ãã¬å·šå€§ãªèŠåœ±ãçºèŠããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã¯ãæèã®å°åã«ãã£ãŠãããæŠèŠå€§åã»æŠèµãšããæ°åæŠèŠã§äž»ç ²ã«ã€ããŠã45cm(17.7ã€ã³ã)ã§ãããšè³æãçºããŠããã
4æ22æ¥ã倧åãšéå·¡æŽèŠæ©è¶ã¯é§éèŠ4é»(å³¶é¢šãæ©éãéªé¢šãå±±é²)ã«è·è¡ããç¬æžå
æµ·ãåºæãããå±±é²ã¯è±åŸæ°ŽéééåŸã«è·è¡ããããŠå¹³é¡å³¶ã«æ»ã£ããæ©éãéäžã§è·è¡ãåãäžããŠæšªé è³ã«åãã£ãã 倧åéã¯4æ26æ¥ããã©çã29æ¥ã«åå°ãåºçºããã5æ1æ¥ããªã³ã¬æ³å°ã«å°çãã
5æ4æ¥ãç¬¬äžæŠéåžä»€å®å®å£çºäžå°ã¯é·éãã倧åã«ç§»ä¹ãã倧åã¯ç¬¬äžæŠéæèŠãšãªã£ãã6æ14æ¥ããã¢ã¯å³¶ã«äžéžããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ãè¿æããããæžŸäœæŠã«åå ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ããµã€ãã³å³¶ã«äžéžããããšã«ããæžŸäœæŠã¯äžæ¢ãšãªã£ããæžŸäœæŠéšé(ç¬¬äžæŠéã倧åãæŠèµããç¬¬äºæŠéãåŠé«ã矜é»ããç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠéãèœä»£ãæ²æ³¢ã島颚ãã第10é§ééãæé²ãã第4é§ééãå±±é²ãéåã)ã¯åäžããå°æ²¢æ©åéšéãšåæµããã6æ15æ¥ãããªã¢ãæ²æµ·æŠã«åå ã倧åã¯æ ç°å¥ç·äžå°ææ®ããåè¡èŠéã«æå±ããŠããã6æ19æ¥ãåè¡èŠéäžç©ºãééããããšããŠããæ¥æ¬åŽç¬¬äžæ¬¡æ»æéãç±³è»æ©ãšèª€èªãåšå²èŠèãšãšãã«å°æããŠæ°æ©ãæå¢ãããšãã倱æ
ãç¯ããŠããã倧åã¯çºç ²ããŠããªããšãã蚌èšããããåæ¥ãæ¥æ¬è»æ©åéšéã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«æœæ°ŽèŠã®é·æã«ãã空æ¯2é»(倧鳳ãç¿é¶Ž)ã倱ã£ãã 6æ20æ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®æ»æéã«åããŠäžåŒåŒŸ27çºãæŸã£ãã倧åã宿Šã§äž»ç ²ãçºå°ããã®ã¯ãããæåã§ããã6æ24æ¥ã«æ¥æ¬ã«æ»ãã10æ¥ã»ã©åšæ³ããã®ã¡ãéžè»å°å
µãç©è³ãæèŒããŠç¬¬åæŠéã»ç¬¬äžæŠéã»ç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠéãšå
±ã«ã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ãžåããã7æ16æ¥ãç¬¬äžæŠé(倧åãæŠèµãé·é)ãé§éèŠ3é»(æéšãäºæéšã島颚)ã¯ãªã³ã¬æ³å°ã«å°çããããã®åŸ3ã¶æéèšç·Žãè¡ãã10æã«ã¯ç²æ¿ãé»ãå¡è£
ããã
1944幎(æå19幎)10æ22æ¥ã倧åã¯ã¬ã€ãæ²æµ·æŠã«åå ãããã第äºèŠé(éç§°æ ç°èŠé)ç¬¬äžæŠéæèŠãšããŠã¢ã¡ãªã«è»äžéžè¹å£ã®æç Žãç®æããã«ãã€ãåºæãããã ãã23æ¥æ©æã«æ ç°èŠéã®æèŠã»éå·¡æå®ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æœæ°ŽèŠã®é·æã§ææ²ãããããã倧åã«åº§ä¹ã®ç¬¬äžæŠéåžä»€å®ã®å®å£äžå°ãäžæææ®ãå·ã£ãã倿¹ã«æ ç°äžå°ãç§»ä¹ã第äºèŠéæèŠãšãªã£ããã2ã€ã®åžä»€éšãåå±
ããããèŠæ©ã¯éèŠãã空æ°ã«å
ãŸããã
24æ¥ãã·ãã€ã³æµ·ã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»èŠèŒæ©ã®é·çæã«ãã倧åã®å§åйèŠã§ããæŠèµãææ²ãããããã®ãšãã倧åã«ãèŠåéšã«ç匟1çºãåœäžããŠããã25æ¥åå7æããµããŒã«å³¶æ²ã«ãŠã¢ã¡ãªã«è·è¡ç©ºæ¯èŠéãçºèŠããä»ã®èŠèãšå
±åããŠæ°Žäžå°æã«ããæ»æãè¡ã£ãã
ãã®æŠéã§ã倧åã¯äž»ç ²åŒŸã32,000mã®é è·é¢ãã104çºçºå°ããããã®ç ²æã«å¯Ÿãè·è¡ç©ºæ¯ãã«ãªãã³ã»ãã€ãã¯ãå°çšè·é¢ã¯æ£ç¢ºã ããæ¹è§ãæªãããšè©ããŠãããåœæå€§åç ²è¡é·ã ã£ãèœæ(åŸã倧åå¯é·)ã«ããã°ãå°æããåéšäž»ç ²6éã®ãã¡åŸ¹ç²åŒŸã¯2çºã®ã¿ã§ãæ®ã4éã«ã¯äžåŒåŒŸãè£
å¡«ãããŠãããšèšŒèšããŠãããéœç«¹åéãæŠåŸäž¡è»ã®åæç®ãšèªèº«ã®èšæ¶ãç
§ããããšããã«ããã°ããæŠè»é²ãã®ã31ããããç ²æŠéå§ã2ã3æå°ã«ãŠ1é»æç Žãç®æšãä»ã«å€æãããæŠãã®äºå®ã§ãæåã®ãæ£èŠç©ºæ¯ãã¯è·è¡ç©ºæ¯ãã¯ã€ãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãºã§ã次ã®èŠã¯ãã¡ã³ã·ã§ãŒã»ãã€ã§ãããè³è¿åŒŸã«ããæ¯åã§ãã¯ã€ãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãºã¯é»ç
ãåŽãã倧åã§ã¯ããããæ£èŠç©ºæ¯1é»æç Žããšå€æããŠä»èŠã«ç®æšã倿Žãããã®ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»åŽã®èšé²ã§ã¯ããã¯ã€ãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãºã¯åœäžã®å±éºãè¿«ã£ãããã«ç
å¹ãå±éãããšããŠãããèœæå¯é·ã¯ã第äžç®æšã«åæå°ããåŸãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®ç
å¹å±éã®ããç®æšèŠèªãå°é£ãšãªããå¥ã®ç©ºæ¯ãæå·ãããããšç®æšã倿Žããšåæ³ããŠããããŸããè»èŠå€§åæŠéè©³å ±ç¬¬3å·ã§ãæµç©ºæ¯ãç
å¹ã匵ã倧åããé ãããæ§ã«åé¿ããããç®æšãä»ã«ç§»ãããšå ±åãããŠããã
æŠéäžã倧åã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®é§éèŠãçºå°ããéé·ã«è¹äœãå·Šå³ã§æãŸããéé·ã®å°çšãå°œãããŸã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ç©ºæ¯ãšå察æ¹åã«èªè¡ããããšã«ãªã£ããããã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»é§éèŠã®å¹æçãªç
å¹ãæããã®ã¹ã³ãŒã«ã«ãã£ãŠãå
åŠæž¬è·ã«ããå°æã¯çæéã«çãŸã£ããæŠéã®åŸåã§ã仮称äºå·é»æ³¢æ¢ä¿¡åäºåã䜿çšããã¬ãŒããŒå°æã宿œããããã®æŠéã§ã¯ã倧åå³è·é«è§ç ²ãšæ©éãæ²æ²¡ããç±³èŠãšè±åºè
ã«åããŠçºå°ããã倧åã®æ£®äžèŠé·ãšèœæå¯é·ãå¶æ¢ãããšããå Žé¢ããã£ãã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®è·è¡ç©ºæ¯ã¬ã³ãã¢ã»ãã€ã«å€§åã®äž»ç ²åŒŸ1çºãåœäžããŠå€§ç«çœãèµ·ããããšèšŒèšããããã婿 ¹åéå·¡æŽèŠ1çªèŠå©æ ¹èŠé·é»æ²»å€«å€§äœã¯ãèæžã§ãæŠèŠéšéã®äž»ç ²åŒŸã§æµç©ºæ¯ã倧ç«çœãèµ·ããããããªäºå®ã¯ãªãã£ãããšåŒ·ãåè«ããŠãããã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽã®èšé²ã«ã該åœãã倧ç«çœçºçã®äºå®ã¯ãªããã¬ã³ãã¢ã»ãã€ã¯åå8æ15åã«é巡矜é»ãšå©æ ¹ã®20.3ã»ã³ãç ²åŒŸãåããã®ãæåã®è¢«åŒŸãšãããŠãããã¬ã³ãã¢ã»ãã€ãžã®åœäžåŒŸãšãã説ã¯å€§å²¡æå¹³ãããã話ããšããŠæ¡ãäžããŠããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽã§ã¯0725-0730é ãé§éèŠããŒãšã«ããžã§ã³ã¹ãã³ãæŠèŠããã®äž»ç ²ã»å¯ç ²åŒŸãåãããã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽãäž¡èŠãç ²æããæŠèŠãšããŠããéåã§ã¯0714ã«ç ²æãéå§ãã2å°ç®ãæå¹ã§ãã£ããšããŠãããã0715ã«ã¯å€§åãé·éãæŠåãé§éèŠãå·¡æŽèŠãç®æšã«ç ²æãè¡ã£ãŠããä»ãããŒãšã«ãèŠæ©ã«åœäžåŒŸãåãéä¿¡æ©èœã倱ã£ã0725ã«ã¯ã倧åãå·¡æŽèŠãç®æšã«ç ²æãè¡ãææ²ãå ±ããŠããããã®ããã0728ã«ãžã§ã³ã¹ãã³ã0725ã«ããŒãšã«ã«åœäžããã®ã¯å€§åãé·éãéåãæŠåããããã®äž»ç ²åŒŸã§ããå¯èœæ§ãããããŸããç¬¬äºæŠé(矜é»ã鳥海)ãç¬¬äžæŠé(婿 ¹ãçæ©)ãããŒãšã«ããžã§ã³ã¹ãã³ãç ²æããŠãããç¹ã«ããŒãšã«ã¯0750以éã«éå·¡éšéãšå€§åãé·éã«ããéäžç ²ç«ã济ã³ã40çºã®åœäžåŒŸãåãã0830ã«ãã®å
ã®8ã€ã³ãç ²åŒŸäžçºããšã³ãžã³ã«ãŒã ãç Žå£ããŠèªè¡äžèœã«é¥ã£ããã0834ã«å€§åã¯ä»èŠãšå
±ã«ãã®ããŒãšã«ã«å¯ŸããŠè¿œæãå ãã0835ã«ã¯ããŒãšã«ã¯è¹å°Ÿããæ²ã¿å§ãã0855ã«éã«è»¢èŠããäºãšãªã£ãããžã§ã³ã¹ãã³ã¯0725ã®ç ²æã§è¢«å®³ãåãããã®ã®ãã¹ã³ãŒã«ã«éé¿ããäºã«æåãããããå¿æ¥ä¿®çãè¡ã£ãåŸåã³æŠéã«åŸ©åž°ããŠãããã0845ã«è»œå·¡ç¢ç§ãå
é ã«ç¬¬åæŠéã空æ¯çŸ€ã«éé·æ»æã仿ããããšãæ¥éã«æ¥è¿ããŠããäºãèªãããžã§ã³ã¹ãã³ã¯ãç¢ç§ã«ç ²æãå ãæ°Žé·æŠéã空æ¯çŸ€ã«æ¥è¿ããäºãé²ãäºã«æåãããã®ã®0940ã«å
å²ããéäžç ²ç«ãæµŽã³æ²æ²¡ããããã®ããããã®æµ·æŠã§å€§åãåèŠã§æµèŠãè¬ã£ãå¯èœæ§ã¯ãªããšããäºã«ãªãããªãããã®æµ·æŠã§0850以éã«å€§åãéå·¡æŽèŠé³¥æµ·ã誀å°ãããšãã説ããããã倧åã¯0834以éã¯ç ²æãè¡ã£ãŠããããå¯äž0847ã«éåãç ²æãè¡ã£ãŠããã®ã¿ã§ããããã倧åã鳥海åã³çæ©ã誀å°ããå¯èœæ§ã¯ç¡ãã
éèªãäžžã(2015幎)ã«ãŠãåœæã®çŸœé»ä¹çµå¡ã§ããç³äžžæ³æã鳥海ã®è¢«åŒŸã矜é»èŠæ©ã§ç®æããå
è¯å(矜é»éä¿¡é·)ã被匟ãã鳥海ããã®éä¿¡ã矜é»é»ä¿¡å®€ã§åä¿¡ããåéåœåº(äºçå
µæ¹ãä¿¡å·å
µ)ãããã³åœæã®æŠèŠéåä¹çµå¡3人ã®èšŒèšããããéåã«ãã誀å°ã ã£ãããšãã説ãæå±ããŠããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®æå®³ã¯ãè·è¡ç©ºæ¯ã¬ã³ãã¢ã»ãã€ãšé§éèŠãžã§ã³ã¹ãã³ãããŒãšã«ãè·è¡é§éèŠãµãã¥ãšã«ã»Bã»ãããŒããæ²æ²¡ãšãããã®ã ã£ãããã®çŽåŸãé¢è¡ç·æµ·è»å€§å°ãææ®ããç¥é¢šç¹æ»éæ·å³¶éãè·è¡ç©ºæ¯éšéãæ¥è¥²ãäœåœããã«ããè·è¡ç©ºæ¯ã»ã³ãã»ããŒãæ²æ²¡ãæ°é»ãæå®³ãåããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«æŠå²ç ç©¶å®¶ã®Robert Lundgrenã®ç ç©¶ã«ããã°ããã®æµ·æŠã«ãã倧åã«ããç ²æã®å¹æã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã
ãµããŒã«å³¶æ²ç ²ææŠã®åŸãæ ç°é·å®ã¯è¿é£ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«æ©åéšéãååšãããšã®èª€å ±ãåããŠã¬ã€ã湟ã«çªå
¥ããããšãªãå転ãåœãããå®å£äžå°ã®èäœã«ã¯ãåœæã®å€§åèŠæ©ã®æ··ä¹±ãæåãããŠãããåŒãè¿ãéäžããã«ãã€ä»è¿ã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«éžè»èªç©ºéæ©ãæ»æã«ãããæ®åŒŸãå°ãªãããè¿è·é¢ã«åŒãä»ãå¯Ÿç©ºæ»æãããæ°æ©ãæå¢ããã
åŸåŸ©ã®èªçšã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ©ã®çæã«ãã第äžç ²å¡ãšåç²æ¿ã«4çºã®ç匟ãåœäžããããæŠéç¶ç¶ã«æ¯éã¯ç¡ãã£ããç ²å¡ãçŽæããç匟ã¯ãè£
ç²ãããŸãã«ãåãã£ãããã倩èã®å¡è£
ãçŽåŸ1ã¡ãŒãã«ã»ã©ã«æž¡ã£ãŠå¥ãããã ãã§è·³ãè¿ããã空äžã§çžè£ããŠä»è¿ã®25ããªæ©é¢ç ²ã®æäœå¡ã«æ»å·è
ãåºãã第äºç ²å¡é·ã§ãã£ã奥ç°ç¹åå°äœã®æèšã«ãããšãç匟ãåœäžããè¡æã§ç¬¬äºç ²å¡å¡ã®å€§åãè³éçªãèµ·ããåãããšäºãããŸãåç²æ¿ã®ç匟ã¯éšéåº«ã«æ°Žé¢äžã®ç Žåãçããåéšã«3000ãã³ã®æµžæ°ŽãåŸéšã«åŸæåŸ©å
ã®ãã2000ãã³ã泚氎ããã
10æ28æ¥ã倧åã¯ãã«ãã€ã«å°çããã11æ8æ¥ãå€å·äœæŠã«ãããŠé£åè»ç©ºè»ã®æ³šæãã²ãã€ãããããã«ãã€ãåºæã11æ¥ã«åž°æž¯ãããç¹ã«æŠéã¯èµ·ããªãã£ãã11æ16æ¥ãB-24çææ©15æ©ã®è¥²æã«å¯Ÿãäž»ç ²ã§å¿æŠã3æ©ãæå¢ããã忥å€å»ãæŠèŠ3é»(倧åãé·éãéå)ãç¬¬åæŠé(ç¢ç§ã浊颚ãéªé¢šãç£¯é¢šãæµé¢š)ãšãšãã«å
å°ã«åž°éããããå°æ¹Ÿæ²ã§æŠèŠéåãšé§éèŠæµŠé¢šãã¢ã¡ãªã«æœæ°ŽèŠã®é·æã«ããææ²ãããããšãšãªã£ãã11æ23æ¥ãåã«å°çãå®å£äžå°ã¯éèŠã森äžä¿¡è¡5代ç®èŠé·ã«ããã£ãŠæè³å¹žäœå€§äœã6代ç®èŠé·ãšãªã£ã(森äžã¯ç¬¬äºèŠéåè¬é·ãšããŠåŒãç¶ã倧åã«ä¹èŠ)ã
倧åã®å§åŠ¹èŠæŠèµã®æ²æ²¡ã¯å€§ååæŠèŠãäžæ²èŠãšä¿¡ããŠããå€ãã®ä¹çµå¡ã«è¡æãäžããããã倧åãåãéåœããã©ãã®ã§ã¯ãšèŠæããè
ããããå®å£äžå°ã¯æŠè»é²ã«ãååŒãæå身ã倱ãžã!èª ã«ç³èš³ç¡ã次第ãšããããä¹ãå
¶ã®æãããã倧åã®èº«ä»£ãããšãªãããã®ãªãã仿¥ã¯æŠèµã®æ²éãããææ¥ã¯å€§åã®çªãªãããšèšããã
ã¬ã€ãæ²æµ·æŠã§æ¥æ¬ã®é£åèŠéã¯äºå®äžå£æ»
ããã倧åä»¥äžæ®åèŠèã¯çæäžè¶³ã®ããæºè¶³ãªèšç·Žãã§ãããå
å°åŸ
æ©ãç¶ããŠããã
1945幎(æå20幎)3æ19æ¥ãåè»æž¯ã«æµèŠèŒæ©ã襲æ¥ã倧åã¯äºåã«å®èžçã«åºããæ»æãåããçŽæåŒŸã¯ãªãã£ããã®ã®ã枬è·åãæ
éãéžããä¿®çãèŠããããã®åŸããã§ã«å®å
šãªå Žæã§ãªããªã£ãåè»æž¯ãã埳山æ²ã«çéããã
å幎3æ28æ¥ãã第äºèŠéãæ±ã·ãæµ·ã«éåŒããã倧åãç®æšãšããŠåäžããŠæ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ©åéšéãåºå°èªç©ºéãå©ãäœæŠã(äžäžäœå€«é£åèŠéäœæŠåè¬)ã«åãã倧å(èŠé·:æè³å¹žäœå€§äœãå¯é·:èœææ¬¡é倧äœãç ²è¡é·:é»ç°åéäžäœ)ãæèŠãšãã第äºèŠé(åžä»€é·å®:äŒè€æŽäžäžå°ãåè¬é·:森äžä¿¡è¡å°å°)ã¯äœäžä¿ãžã®åèªãåœãããåè»æž¯ãåºæž¯ããããç±³æ©åéšéæ¥è¿ã®å ±ãåããŠç©ºè¥²ãäºæãããã®ã§åèªãäžæ¢ããç¿æ¥æªæã埳山æ²ã§åŸ
æ©ãšãªã£ãã
3æ30æ¥ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ©ã«ãã£ãŠåè»æž¯ãšåºå³¶æ¹Ÿã1,034åã®æ©é·ã§åãå°œããããæ©é·é€å»ã«æéããããããã«åè»æž¯ã«åž°éããã®ãå°é£ãªç¶æ
ã«é¥ã£ããé¢é海峡ã¯27æ¥ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã«ãã£ãŠæ©é·å°éããéè¡äžèœã ã£ãã
4æ2æ¥ãç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠéæèŠã®è»œå·¡æŽèŠç¢ç§ã§ã®ç¬¬äºèŠéã®å¹åäŒè°ã§ã¯ã次ã®3æ¡ãæ€èšãããã
2. 奜æ©å°æ¥ãŸã§ãæ¥µåæ¥æ¬æµ·æé®®åéšæ¹é¢ã«é¿éããã
ãã®3æ¡ã«å¯Ÿã倿å°å°ãå±±æ¬ç¥äºå€§äœãäŒè€äžå°ãå¹åã¯3.ã®æ¡ã«ãŸãšãŸã£ãŠãããäŒè€ã¯å±±æ¬ãåã«éããé£åèŠéã«æèŠå
·ç³ãããšè¿°ã¹ãã4æ3æ¥ã«ã¯ãå°å°åè£çãä¹èŠããŠåè£çæè²ãå§ãŸã£ãŠããã
äžæ¹é£åèŠéã§ã¯ãé£åèŠéåè¬ç¥é埳倧äœã倧åã«ããæµ·äžç¹æ»ã䞻匵ãããé£åèŠéã®è鹿éŸä¹ä»åè¬é·ã¯ããããªã ãããç¥å€§äœã¯ã倧åãç¹æ»çã«äœ¿çšãã床ããšè»æž¯ã«ä¿çãããã¯ãã®å€§åã第äºèŠéã«ç·šå
¥ããããåžä»€éšã§ã¯æ§æ³ãšããŠæµ·äžç¹æ»ãæ€èšã¯ãããããæ²çžçªå
¥ãšããå
·äœæ¡ã¯è鹿åè¬é·ã鹿å±ã«åºãããŠããéã«ç¥å€§äœãèšç»ãããç¥å€§äœã¯ãèªç©ºç·æ»æãè¡ãå¥äžã®éãéäžãããèªç©ºéšéã ãã®æ»æãããšäžåããã£ãã§ã¯ãªããããšåŒ·èª¿ããŠãããç¥å€§äœã¯è鹿åè¬é·ãéããã«è±ç°å¯æŠé£åèŠéåžä»€é·å®ã«çŽæ¥æ±ºè£ãããã£ãŠãããåè¬é·æèŠã¯ã©ãã§ãã?ããšè©±ãããè±ç°åžä»€é·å®ã¯ã倧åãæå¹ã«äœ¿ãæ¹æ³ãšããŠèšç»ããã50%ãæåçã¯ãªããäžæãè¡ã£ããå¥è·¡ã ã£ããããããŸã åãããã®ã䜿ããã°ãå€å°ã®æåã®ç®ããã°ãšæ±ºããããšèšããäžæ¹ã®è鹿åè¬é·ããæ±ºãŸã£ãŠããã©ãã§ããããªããšè
¹ãç«ãŠãããšãããæ·µç°çŸæŽ¥éåè¬ã¯ãç¥ãçºæãçŽæ¥é·å®ã«æ¡æ±ºãåŸããã®ãé£åèŠéåè¬é·ã¯äžåæã§ã第äºèªç©ºèŠéãéåžžã«è¿·æã ã£ãããšããã
ç¥ã¯è»ä»€éšãšã®äº€æžã«å
¥ã£ãããäœæŠèª²é·å¯å²¡å®ä¿å°å°ã¯å察ã§ãã£ããå¯å²¡ã¯ããã®æ¡ãæã£ãŠãããšãç§ã¯æšªæ§ãå
¥ããã倧åãä¹å·æ¹é¢ã«éœåãããŠæµã®æ©åéšéãé£ãäžããåºå°èªç©ºéšéã§ãããå©ããšãããªãè³æã ããæ²çžã«çªå
¥ãããããšã¯å察ã ã第äžçæããªããæ¬åæ±ºæŠã¯æããšããã§ã¯ãªãããããããããªããã°ãããªãæ
å¢ã«ç«ã¡è³ã£ãå Žåã®èŠèçæãšããŠè¥å¹²æ®ããŠãããªããã°ãªããªãããšãããç§ã®ç¥ããªããšããã§å°æ²¢æ²»äžéè»ä»€é𿬡é·ã®ãšããã§æ¿ç¥ãããããããšè©±ããŠãããç¥ã®ææ¡ãè»ä»€éšç·é·åå·å€å¿é倧å°ã¯é»ã£ãŠèããŠããããè»ä»€é𿬡é·å°æ²¢æ²»äžéäžå°ã¯ãé£åèŠéé·å®ãããããããšããæ±ºæãªãããããããšçŽæ¥èš±å¯ãäžãããæŠåŸãå°æ²¢ã¯ãå
šè¬ã®ç©ºæ°ããããŠããã®åœæã仿¥ãåœç¶ãšæããå€å°ã®æç®ã¯ãã£ããæ¬¡é·ãããåã«äžçªã®è²¬ä»»ããããšããã第äºèªç©ºèŠéé·å®ã®å®å£äžå°ã¯ãã®æ¥èªãæŠè»é²ãã«ãåå·è»ä»€éšç·é·ããèæ°Žäžå·äœæŠããæå倩çã«äžå¥ãããšãã倩çãããèªç©ºéšéäžã®ç·æ»æãªããããšã®äžåãããããæµ·è»ã®å
šå
µåã䜿çšèŽãããšå¥çããŠããŸã£ãããã第äºèŠéã®æµ·äžç¹æ»ã宿œãããããšã«ãªã£ããšããŠãåå·è»ä»€éšç·é·ã®å¯Ÿå¿ãæ¹å€ããŠãããæ åä¿éã¯ãã®ãæŠè»é²ãã®å
容ãåŸæ¥ããã®å®èª¬ã§ãã£ããšãããæå倩çå®é²ãã«ã¯å
容ã«ã€ããŠã¯æžããŠããªããã®ã®ã倩çã®ããèšèãããã£ããšæžãããŠããŠãè£ä»ãããããšããŠããã
4æ5æ¥ãç¥åè¬ã¯è鹿åè¬é·ã«å€§åãžèª¬åŸã«è¡ãããã«èŠè«ããè鹿ã¯å€§åã®ç¬¬äºèŠéåžä»€éšã蚪ããé·å®ã®äŒè€æŽäžäžå°ã«äœæŠåœä»€ã®äŒéãšèª¬åŸãè¡ã£ãããªããªãçŽåŸããªãäŒè€ã«ãäžåç·ç¹æ»ã®éãšãªã£ãŠé ãããããšèšããšãäŒè€äžå°ã¯ããããããããªãããã£ãããšå³åº§ã«çŽåŸãããé£åèŠéäœæŠåè¬ã®äžäžäœå€«äžäœã«ããã°ãèªèº«ãäœæŠã«çåãæã£ãŠããè鹿åè¬é·ãé»ã蟌ãã§ããŸããšãããŸããããäžäžããèŠããã«ãäžåç·ç¹æ»ã®ããããã«ãªã£ãŠé ãããããããæ¬äœæŠã®çŒç®ã§ãããŸãããšèª¬æãããšãããããã§äžäžã¯ãç§ãé£ããŠè¡ã£ãŠäžããããšç³ãåºããã第äºèŠéåè¬ã®å±±æ¬ç¥äºå€§äœãããåãã¡é£åèŠéåžä»€éšã®ç£èŠãåããªããŠããæã
ã¯ç«æŽŸã«ãã£ãŠèŠããããšæåŠããŠãããè鹿åè¬é·ã¯ãããããã®æåŸãèŠæããŠããæãªãæ»æãåŸãããå°ãã§ãæçŸ©ããæã«ãšæã£ãŠçæ
®ãç¶ããŠããããšåæ³ããŠããããã®ç¹æ»éã¯é£åèŠéé·å®è±ç°å¯æŠå€§å°ã«ãã£ãŠãæµ·äžç¹æ»éããšåœåãããã
倧åã§ã¯åœä»€åé åŸã®4æ5æ¥15æã«ä¹çµå¡ãç²æ¿ã«éãããããæ¬äœæŠã¯ç¹æ»äœæŠã§ããããšåããŠäŒããããã倧åã®é«è§ç ²å¡ã§ãã£ãåªäºå¹³æ¬¡ã«ããã°ããã°ããã®æ²é»ã®ããšåœŒãã¯åæºããããšãªããããããã£ãŠãããããæŠèµã®ä»ãèšãšãããšéã«å£«æ°ãé«ããããæŠå±ã®éŒè¿«ã«ãããæ¬¡ã®åºæãäºå®äžã®ç¹æ»äœæŠã«ãªãããšã¯èª°ããåºèªåã«çç¥ããŠãããšããã4æ6æ¥åå2æãå°å°åè£çãå·ç
å
µãéèŠãå€å»ã«åã代æå±ãšäžæ³äžå±ãè¡ããããããã®æ
é·ã«åžœåãæ¯ã£ãã
4æ5æ¥ãé£åèŠéããæ²çžæµ·äžç¹æ»ã®åœä»€ãåé ã
4æ6æ¥ã
ãæ²ããã
倧åã¯èæ°ŽäœæŠã§æ²çžãŸã§ã®çéåã®çæããç©ãŸãã«åºæãããšãã䞻匵ãååšããããèšé²ã蚌èšããçŽ4,000(æºèŒ6,500)ãã³ã®éæ²¹ãç©ãã§ããããšã倿ããŠãããæŠéè©³å ±ã§ã倧åã®åºææã®çææèŒéã¯4000tãšè¡šèšãããŠãããçåè
ã®äžç¬ éžç·ã¯åºæåã«çææ
åœã®ååãšäŒããåšå²ã®ã¿ã³ã¯ãªã©ããããéããŠåãããŠ4000tçšå€§åã«æèŒããäºãèããŠããã
第äºèŠéã¯å€§å以äžãç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠé(åžä»€å®:倿åèµå°å°ãæèŠè»œå·¡æŽèŠç¢ç§ã第ååäžé§éé(é²ç©ºé§éèŠã®å¬æãæ¶Œæ))ã第åäžé§éé(ç£¯é¢šãæµé¢šãéªé¢š)ã第äºåäžé§éé(æéãåéãé)ã§ç·šæãããŠãããå
å°ããå¯Ÿæœæèšéã®ç¬¬äžåäžæŠé(è±æãæŠ§ãæ§)ã®3é»ã¯ç·ŽåºŠæªçãšã¿ãŠãè±åŸæ°Žéã§åã«åŒãè¿ãããã
倩äžå·äœæŠã®æŠèŠã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã«äžéžãããæ²çžé²è¡ã®æ¯æŽãã€ãŸããã®èªçšã§äž»ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«æµ·è»ã®éææŠéæ©ã倧忻æééäŒŽã«æ¯ãåããããæ¥æ¬åŽç¹æ»æ©ãžã®éæãç·©åãããããšã§ãããããã«ç«æ¡è
ã®ç¥é埳åè¬ã®æ§æ³ã§ã¯ãããæ²çžã«ãã©ãçããã°ãèªå座ç€ãæµ®ãç ²å°ãšããŠéžäžæŠãæ¯æŽããä¹å¡ã¯éžæŠéãšããŠæµé£çªå
¥ãããããšãæããŠãããšããã(ç¥å€§äœã¯ã以åã«ãæŠèŠå±±åãçªå
¥ããæµ®ãç ²å°ãšããµã€ãã³ã奪éãããšå
·ç³ããŠãäžæ²¢äœè»ä»€éšäœæŠéšé·ã«ãç ²ãæã€ã«ã¯é»æ°ç³»çµ±ãçããŠãªããã°ãªããªãããšåŽäžãããããšããã)ãæ²çžã®æ¥æ¬éžè»ç¬¬äžåäºè»ã¯ãé£åèŠéã®èŠè«ã«å¿ããŠ4æ7æ¥ãäºå®ããŠæ»å¢ããããããšã«ãªã£ãŠããããªãã倧åã座ç€ãããŠéžäžç ²å°ã«ããã«ã¯ã(1)åº§ç€æã®è¹äœãã»ãŒæ°Žå¹³ã§ããããšã(2)äž»ç ²ãçºå°ããããã«ã¯ãæ©é¢ããã³æ°Žå§ç³»ãšé»è·¯ãçããŠãããå°æç®¡å¶æ©èœãå
šæ»
ããŠããªãããšãã®2ç¹ãå¿
èŠã§ãããæ¢ã«å®è¡äžå¯èœãšãããŠãããå®éãã¬ã€ãæ²æµ·æŠã§åº§ç€âéžäžç ²å°ã®æ¡ãæ€èšãããããäžèšã«çç±ã§åŽäžãããŠããããŸããçŸå®ãèŠãã°ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®å¶æµ·æš©ã»å¶ç©ºæš©äžãçªç ŽããŠæ²çžã«å°éããã®ã¯äžå¯èœã«è¿ããäœæŠã®äž»æã¯ãæ»æã®äž»åœ¹ã§ããèæ°ŽäœæŠã«ããèªç©ºç¹æ»ãæ¯æŽããããã®éœåäœæŠã§ãã£ããæŠäºæ«æã«ã¯æ¥æ¬æµ·è»ã®æå·ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã«ã»ãšãã©è§£èªãããŠãããåºæã¯éä¿¡è«å ±ããã確èªãããè±åŸæ°Žéä»è¿ã§ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¹ã¬ãããã£ã³ãããã¯ã«ããã¯ã®2é»ã®æœæ°ŽèŠã«è¡åãå¯ç¥ãããã4æ6æ¥21æ20åãããã¯ã«ããã¯ã¯æµ®äžããŠå€§åã確èªãããã¯ã«ããã¯ã®èŠé·ã®ãã¬ããã»ãžã£ããŒäžäœã¯ç¹ã«æå·ãçµãŸããã«ãã€ããããšåæãã§é£çµ¡ããããã®é»å ±ã¯å€§åãšç¢ç§ã«å€åããŠããè±èªå ªèœãªæ¥ç³»2äžé信士å®ã«ååããã翻蚳ãããŠå
šèŠã«é£çµ¡ãããã
åœåã第5èŠéåžä»€é·å®ã¬ã€ã¢ã³ãã»ã¹ãã«ãŒã¢ã³ã¹å€§å°ã¯æŠèŠã«ããè¿æãèããŠãããããã倧åã西é²ãç¶ããããæ¥æ¬æµ·åŽã«éé¿ããå
¬ç®ãããããšã倧åãææ²ããããšãç®çã§ããããã®ããã«ææ®µã¯éžã¶ã¹ãã§ã¯ãªããšèããããŒã¯ã»ãããã£ãŒäžå°ã®ææ®ããæ©åéšéã«èªç©ºæ»æãåœãããšããããããå®éã«ã¯ãã¹ãã«ãŒã¢ã³ã¹å€§å°ãæŠèŠã«ããç ²ææŠãæãããšããŠãããšããããããã£ãŒäžå°ãå
ã«æ»æéšéãéã蟌ãã§ããŸã£ããæŠèµã¯æœæ°ŽèŠã®é·æã§æ²ãã ãšããåãããããããã£ãŒäžå°ã¯äœãšããŠã倧åãèªç©ºæ»æã®ã¿ã§ææ²ãããã£ãã®ã ãšããããŸããããã£ãŒäžå°ã¯ãåéšéã®å ±åãã倧åãæ²çžãžçªå
¥ãããšç¢ºä¿¡ããã¹ãã«ãŒã¢ã³ã¹ã«ç¥ãããªããŸãŸæ»æéšéã®ç·šæãå§ããããªããã¹ãã«ãŒã¢ã³ã¹å€§å°ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«çåŠäžã®äŒè€äžå°ãšèŠªäº€ãçµãã 仲ã§ãã£ãã
4æ7æ¥6æ30åããã倧åã¯å¯Ÿæœåšæã®ããé¶åŒæ°Žäžåµå¯æ©ãçºé²ãããããã®æ©ã¯é¹¿å
å³¶çæå®¿åºå°ã«åž°æããã
é£åèŠéã®åè¬ã倧åã®æµ·äžç¹æ»äœæŠã第äºèªç©ºèŠéãžå ±åã«è¡ã£ãéã第äºèªç©ºèŠéã¯æ¢ã«èæ°ŽäœæŠäžã§ãå€ãã®éšéã¯ç¹æ»äœæŠã«å
šåãæå
¥ããŠãããããåè¬ã¯ã第äºèªç©ºèŠéã«è¿·æã¯ãããªãããšäŒããŠããã第äºèªç©ºèŠéåžä»€é·å®ã®å®å£çºäžå°ã¯ãã®æµ·äžç¹æ»äœæŠã«å察ã§ã¯ãã£ãããã飿ºããäœæŠã§åè»ã®æŽè·ãããããšã¯åœç¶ããšããŠãé
äžã®æŠéæ©éã«å¯ŸããŠæ©è·åœä»€ãåºãããããããå®å£ã®æåã«å¯ŸããŠãåç·ã®éšéã®å¯Ÿå¿ã¯è¶³äžŠã¿ãæã£ãŠãããã第äºèªç©ºèŠéã¯å€éæŠéæ©éèèéšéã®ææ®å®çŸæ¿éšæ£å°äœã«å€§åæ©è·èŠè«ãæèšºããããèèéšéã«ã¯ãéæŠè£
ãéè£
ç²åã®é¶æŠ52åäžåãé
åãããŠããã«ãæãããèèéšéã®æŠéæ©æä¹å¡ã¯æµæŠéæ©ã«å¯Ÿããç©ºæŠæè¡ãæ®ã©æããªãã£ãããšããã£ãŠãçŸæ¿éšã¯èèéšéã«å¶ç©ºæŠéã¯ã§ããªããªã©ãšããŠå€§åã®æŽè·èŠè«ãæã£ãŠããã
é¿éšäžé(æµ·è»äžå°ãäºèªèŠç¬¬äºãäžç©º)ã¯ãèªãã®æå±ããŠããæŠéäžäžäžé£è¡éãå«ããŠã幟ã€ãã®éšéã«ç¬¬äºèŠéæ©è·åœä»€ãåºãããšãèšæ¶ããŠãããã ãåºææºåäžã®4æ7æ¥ååŸ3æã第äºèªç©ºèŠéããçºé²äžæ¢åœä»€ãäžã£ããé¿éšã®æŠåŸã®èª¿æ»ã«ããã°ãæŠéäžãäžé£è¡éããæ©æã«4æ©ãåºæããããèŠçäžè¯ã®ãã倧åãçºèŠã§ããåž°æãããæŠéäžäžäºé£è¡é(ç¬ ä¹ååºå°)ããã¯8æ©(äŒè€åº·å€«äžå°)çºé²ããŠç¬¬äºèŠéãšå€§åäžç©ºãè·è¡ããäžäºäºç©º(倧æåºå°)ããã¯é¶æŠéã»ç²åéãåå10æãŸã§ç¬¬äºèŠéäžç©ºãè·è¡ããŠããã
ä¹å·è¿æµ·ãŸã§ã¯ãèœæå¯é·ã¯F6Fãã«ãã£ãã3æ©ãç®æããã®ã¿ã§ãæ¥æ¬è»æ©ã¯ããªãã£ããšåæ³ãããäžæ¹ãæ¥æ¬è»æ©ã®ç·šéãèŠããšãã蚌èšããããæŠéè©³å ±ã§ã¯5æ©ãã10æ©ã®é¶åŒèŠäžæŠéæ©(é¶æŠ)ããåå10æãŸã§äžç©ºèŠæãããŠãããšå ±åããŠããããã®æ°æ©åäœã®è·è¡æ©ã4æ7æ¥æŒåã«ã¯åž°éããŠããŸãã第äºèªç©ºèŠéãè»çµç¹ãšããŠäžç©ºæ©è·ãè¡ã£ãããšã¯ç¢ºå®ã ããæ··ä¹±ãšæºåäžè¶³ã®ããã«æŠéæ©éšéãæé
ãããããååäžã®ã¿ã®ãå°æ°æ©ã«ããäžéåç«¯ãªæ©è·ã§çµãã£ãŠããŸã£ãã
ãã®ããã«åãæµ·è»ã®å€§åãžã®èªç©ºæ¯æŽã¯ä¹ãããã®ãšãªã£ããã第äºèŠéã®åºæãç¥ããããéžè»èªç©ºé第6èªç©ºè»åžä»€å®è
åé倧äžå°ã¯ãéžæµ·è»ã®é£æºãéèŠãã(倧åç¹æ»ã®éã«)åä¹å·ã®ç¬¬100é£è¡å£ãååŒæŠéæ©çŸé¢š48æ©ãæå
¥ããŠãå¥çŸå€§å³¶ä»è¿ã®å¶ç©ºæš©ãäžæçã«ææ¡ãååããããšå€§åãžã®èªç©ºæ¯æŽã快諟ããŠã第100é£è¡å£ãäž»åãšããéžè»èªç©ºéã®æŠéæ©41æ©ãåºæãããŠã12:00ãã14:00ã«ãããŠå¶ç©ºæŠéããããªã10æ©ãæªåž°éãšãªã£ãã
é¶æŠãåž°æãããšãå
¥ãæ¿ããããã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®ããŒãã³é£è¡èãªã©ã®åµå¯æ©ãèŠéã«åŒµãä»ãããã«ãªããã¹ã¬ãããã£ã³ãé¶æŠã®è·è¡ãå ±åãããããã£ãŒãé¶æŠã®èªç¶è·é¢ãèæ
®ããçµæãšããããããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®èšé²ã«ããã°ã8æ15åã«3æ©ã®F6Fãã«ãã£ãã玢æµéã倧åãçºèŠããã8æ23åãå¥ã®ãã«ãã£ãã玢æµéã倧åãèŠèªããããã®ãã«ãã£ããéã¯åšèŸºã®çŽ¢æµéãéããåæã«ããŒãã³é£è¡èãç£èŠã«å ãã£ãã倧åã¯äž»ç ²ä»¥å€ã®å¯Ÿç©ºå
µåšã§ç ²æããããã¢ã¡ãªã«åµå¯æ©ã远ãæãããšã¯ã§ããªãã£ãã
4æ7æ¥12æ34åã倧åã¯é¹¿å
å³¶çåã岬æ²90æµ·é(1æµ·éã¯1,852m)ã®å°ç¹ã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«æµ·è»èŠäžæ©ã50ããé æ¹ã«èªããå°æãéå§ããã8ååŸã空æ¯ããã³ãã³ã®ç¬¬82çææ©äžé(11æ©)ã®ãã¡SB2C ãã«ãã€ããŒæ¥éäžçææ©4æ©ãèŠå°Ÿããæ¥éäžãããäžåç匟500kgç匟8çºãæäžãããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã¯å³è·æ©é矀ãèŠæ©åæ¹ãåŸéšãã¹ããžã®çŽæã䞻匵ããã倧åã¯åŸéšææ®æã13å·é»æ¢ãåŸéšå¯ç ²ã®ç Žå£ãèšé²ããŠãããåŸå¹Žã®æµ·åºèª¿æ»ã§ã¯ãã®åœ¢è·¡ã¯èŠãããªãããå®éã«ã¯å
éšãç Žå£ãããç ²å¡çåè
ã¯æ°åã ã£ããåéšèŠæ©ãæ»æãããæ»å·è
ãåºãããŸããäžçºã倧åã®äž»ç ²ã«åœãããè£
ç²ã®åãããè·³ãè¿ããã仿ã§çžè£ãããšãã説ããããåæã«ãåŸéšå°æææ®æ(åŸéšèŠæ©)ãç Žå£ããããããã«äžç²æ¿ã§ç«çœãçºçãé²åŸ¡ææ®æã®èœæå¯é·ã¯å¯ç ²åŒŸåº«æž©åºŠäžæã確èªããããããã«ãæ²¹åžãçããçšåºŠããšé®ç«ã®å ±åãå
¥ã£ããšããã建é åœåãã匱ç¹ãšããŠåé¡èŠãããå¯ç ²åšèŸºéšã®åœäžåŒŸã«ããç«çœã¯ãæ²æ²¡æãŸã§æ¶ç«ãããã«çãç¶ãããå®éã«ã¯æ»æãæ¿ããæ¶ç«ã©ããã§ã¯ãªãã£ãããã§ãäžåºŠå°åº·ç¶æ
ã«ãªã£ããã®ãããã®åŸå»¶çŒããŠãããåéšäžç²æ¿ã§ãç«çœãçºçãããšããç ç©¶è
ããããæž
æ°Žå¯ç ²é·ã¯æ²çžãŸã§è¡ãããããããªããšåžæãæ±ããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã¯æŠéæ©ãçææ©ãé·ææ©ã倧åã«å¯Ÿãåææ»æãè¡ã£ããè€æ°æ¹åãã倿°ã®éé·ãçºå°ãããäžã«ãæŠéæ©ãšçææ©ã«æ©ãŸãããªããã®å¯ŸåŠã ã£ãããã巚倧ãªå€§åãå®å
šã«åé¿ããäºã¯å°é£ã ã£ããããã³ãã³éã«ç¶ãããŒãããã®ç¬¬17çææ©äžé(ãããŒãã»ãŠã©ãŒãäžäœ)ã倧åãæ»æãããèŠéŠãåéšèŠæ©ãç
çªåŸæ¹ãžã®çŽæåŒŸã䞻匵ããåçãæ®ã£ãŠããã12æ40åãããŒããã (CV-12) ã®ç¬¬17é·ææ©äžé8æ©ã倧åãé·æããéé·4æ¬åœäžã䞻匵ããããè»èŠå€§åæŠéè©³å ±ãã§ã¯12æ45åãå·Šè·åéšã«1æ¬åœäžã§ãããæŠåŸã®ç±³è»å¯Ÿæ¥æè¡èª¿æ»å£ã«å¯Ÿããæ£®äžåè¬é·ãèœæå¯é·ãæž
æ°Žå¯ç ²è¡é·ã¯ç匟4çºãå®®æ¬ç ²è¡åè¬ã¯ç匟3çºã®åœäžãšèšŒèšãéé·ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå®®æ¬ç ²è¡åè¬ã¯3æ¬ãèœæå¯é·ã¯4æ¬ã森äžåè¬é·ã¯2æ¬ãæž
æ°ŽçŠç ²è¡é·ã¯3æ¬(å
šå¡å·Šè·)ãšèšŒèšããããããåããŠãã¢ã¡ãªã«æµ·è»æ
å ±éšã¯èŠäžå€®éšå·Šè·ã«éé·2æ¬åœäžãšæšå®ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ»æéã¯éé·åœäž8æ¬ãç匟åœäž5çºãšäž»åŒµãã颚è©éãã«æ¥µããŠã¿ããªããã ã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã倧åã§ã¯äž»èŠé²åŸ¡åºç»å
ãžã®æµžæ°Žã§å·Šè·å€åŽæ©æ¢°å®€ã浞氎ãèµ·ããã第å
«çœå®€ãé転äžèœãšãªã£ãŠãããå·Šè·ã«5åºŠåŸæããããããã¯å³è·ãžã®æ³šæ°Žã§å埩ããã
13æ2åãç¬¬äºæ³¢æ»æãå§ãŸã£ããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ»æé94æ©äžã倧åã«59æ©ãåãã£ãã第83æŠéçææ©äžéã»é·ææ©äžéãæ»æãéå§ãé·æéæä¹å¡ã¯ã倧åãäž»ç ²ãçºå°ãããšèšŒèšããŠãããå°æææ®æå€åå
µããç ²è¡é·ãèŠé·ã®èš±å¯ãåŸãã«çºç ²ãããšèšŒèšããããçºç ²ããªãã£ããšããåè«ãããããããã«ããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ©ã®é»æ¢ã«ã¯è³ããããšã»ãã¯ã¹ã®æ»æéã倧åã®èŠå°Ÿããæ¥éäžããç匟åœäžã«ãããã¹ããåãããããã«çŽæåŒŸãšç«çœã«ããã倧åããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ©ã確èªããããšãå°é£ãšãªã£ããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ©ã¯æ»å¢ã匷ãããšã»ãã¯ã¹ã®é·æé(ãã¯ã€ãå°äœ)ã倧åã®å·Šå³ããåæé·æãè¡ãã9æ¬ã®éé·åœäžã䞻匵ããããã¿ãŒã³ã®é·æé(ããã«ãã»ããã¶å°äœ)9æ©ã¯å
šçºå°éé·åœäžããããã¯4æ¬åœäžç¢ºå®ã䞻匵ããããã³ã«ãŒãã«ã®é·æé(ãã£ãŒã«ã¹ã»ã¹ã¯ããœã³å°äœ)ã¯13æ¬ãçºå°ãã9æ¬åœäžã䞻匵ããããã£ãããã®é·æé(ãžã£ãã¯ã»ã¢ã³ããŒãœã³å€§å°)ã¯ã倧åã®å³è·ã«ç
§æºãå®ãããé²è¡æ¹åãééããŠããã®ã§ãå®éã«ã¯å·Šè·ãæ»æãããéé·4æ¬ã®åœäžã䞻匵ããããã§ç¬¬äžæ³¢ãç¬¬äºæ³¢æ»æéã倧åã«åœäžãããéé·ã¯29æ¬ãšãªã£ããããã¯é·æéãåææ»æãããããããæŠæã誀èªãããã®ãšèããããã
倧åã®é²ç©ºææ®æã«ãã塿¬é«å€«èŠé·äŒä»€ã枡蟺å¿éèŠåŒµé·ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ãèŠãäºã®ãªãæ¿ããæ³¢ç¶æ»æãè¡ã£ããšèšŒèšããŠãããå®®æ¬ç ²è¡åè¬ã¯å³è·ã«éé·2æ¬åœäžãããšããã倧åã®éåã¯18ãããã«èœã¡ãå·Šè·ã«15床åŸãããå·Šè·åŽåºç»ã¯å€§éã«æµžæ°Žããå³è·ãžã®æ³šæ°Žã§ãããããŠåŸæã¯å埩ãããããã¯ãéçã«éããããšããŠãããå·Šè·é«è§ç ²çºä»€æ(å·Šè·å¯ç ²å¡è·¡)ãå
šæ»
ããç²æ¿ã®å¯Ÿç©ºç«åšãæžæ®ºãããã
13æ25åãéä¿¡æœèšãç Žå£ããã倧åã¯åéã«é信代è¡ãçºä»€ããã
13æ30åãã€ã³ãã¬ãããããšãŒã¯ã¿ãŠã³ãã©ã³ã°ã¬ãŒã®æ»æé105æ©ã倧åã®äžç©ºã«å°çããã13æ42åãããŒããããã€ã³ãã¬ãããã®ç¬¬10æŠéçææ©äžé4æ©ã¯ã1000ãã³ãç匟1çºåœäžã»2çºè³è¿åŒŸã第10æ¥éäžçææ©äžé14æ©ã¯ãé·ææ©é12æ©ãšå
±åããŠå³è·ã«éé·2æ¬ãå·Šè·ã«éé·3æ¬ãç匟27çºåœäžã䞻匵ããããã®é ãäžç©ºã®èŠçãè¯ããªã£ããšããã
倧åã¯å€æ°ã®ç匟ã®çŽæãåããèŠå
ã§ã¯ç«çœãçºçããã倧åã®èŠäžã§ã¯ãç匟ã®çŽæãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æŠéæ©ã®æ©éæå°ããã±ããåŒŸæ»æã«ããã察空å
µåšãç Žå£ãããŠæ»å·è
ãç¶åºãããæ°Žé¢äžã§ã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®é«æ§èœçè¬ãæèŒããéé·ãå·Šè·ã«å€æ°åœäžããçµæã埩å
æ§ã®åªå€±ãšæèŠäžèœãèµ·ããããããã£ããäœæ¬ã®éé·ãåœäžããŠããããããªãã£ãããšãã蚌èšãããã»ã©ã§ãããåŸéšæ³šææ°Žå¶åŸ¡å®€ã®ç Žå£ã«ããæ³šææ°Žãå°é£ãšãªã£ãŠç¶æ³ã¯æªåãããè¹äœã®åŸæã5床ã«ãªããšäž»ç ²ã10床ã§å¯ç ²ã15床ã§é«è§ç ²ãå°æäžèœãšãªã£ãããŸã13æ30åã«å¯èµãæ
éããäžæçã«èµãåã£ãç¶æ
ã§åºå®ãããçŽé²ãªããå·Šæåã®ã¿ããåºæ¥ãªããªã£ãããã®ããšã«é¢ããŠãåŸæãé£ãæ¢ããããã«æå³çã«å·Šæåã°ããããŠãããšé¯èŠããçåè
ãããããŸãã倧åãå·Šè·ã«åŸæãããã峿åãåºæ¥ãªããªã£ããšããèŠæ¹ããããè¹è¶ã¯æåãããšãæåæ¹åãšå察åŽã«åŸæããæ§è³ªããããå·ŠåŸæãã倧åã峿åãããšå·Šã«å€§åŸæããŠè»¢èŠããããªãã£ããšããããããã®ããšã«ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã¯å®¹æã«å€§åã«éé·ãåœäžãããããããã«ãªã£ããã15ååŸã«å¯èµã¯äžå€®ã«åºå®ããããå·Šè·ã«ã°ããéé·ãåœäžããŠããããšãæžå¿µããæ£®äžåè¬é·ãå³è·ã«éé·ãããŠãããšãææ¡ãããããã¯ããã®äœè£ããªããå®è¡ãããã«çµãã£ãã
ãŸããåŸæåŸ©æ§ã®ããã«å³è·ã®å€åŽæ©æ¢°å®€ãš3ã€ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå®€ã«æ³šæ°Žåœä»€ãåºãããŠããããæ©æ¢°å®€ã»ãã€ã©ãŒå®€ã¯ãããããã®åºäžã«ããå·åŽçšã®é
管ã人åã§å£ããŠæµžæ°Žãããå¿
èŠããããçåè
ãããªãããå®éã«æäœããããã©ããã¯äžæã§ãããããããªãã14æéãã«ã¯èŠã®åŸæã¯ãããã埩æ§ãããŠããã®ãäºå®ã§ããã
14æãæ³šææ°Žææ®æãšã®é£çµ¡ãéçµ¶ããèµæèµå®€ã浞氎ã§å
šæ»
ããã倧åã®æè³èŠé·ã¯ææãæããèŠãåã«åããããšãããã倧åã¯æ¢ã«æèŠäžèœç¶æ
ã ã£ãã倧åã¯èŠæ©ã«ãæã¬èµæ
éãã®ææµãæããã14æ15åãèŠå ±ãã¶ãŒã鳎ããå
šåŒŸè¬åº«ã«æž©åºŠäžæã瀺ãèµ€ã©ã³ããã€ãããããã¯ã察åŠãã人å¡ãæéããªãã£ããè·è¡é§éèŠããã¯èªè¡ãã倧åã®å³è·èŠè
¹ãæµ·é¢äžã«é²åºããå·Šè·ç²æ¿ãæµ·é¢ã«æŽãããã®ãèŠããã
倧åãžã®æåŸã®ãšã©ãã«ãªã£ãæ»æã¯ã空æ¯ãšãŒã¯ã¿ãŠã³ã®ç¬¬9é·ææ©äžéTBF ã¢ãã³ãžã£ãŒ6æ©ã«ããå³è·åŸéšãžã®éé·æ»æã§ãã£ãã14æ10åããã ã»ã¹ããããœã³å€§å°ã¯å·Šè·ã«åŸããããé²åºãã倧åã®èŠåºãçãã¹ãã倧åã®å³è·ããæ¥è¿ãããé·ææ©åŸéšæä¹å¡ã¯ãèŠåºã«éé·ãçŽæãããããã«æ©äžã§éé·æ·±åºŠã3mãã6mã«å€æŽããã4æ©ãéé·ãæäžãå³è·ã«éé·2-4æ¬åœäžã䞻匵ãããããé
ããŠæ»æãã2æ©ã¯å³è·ã«1æ¬ãå·Šè·åŸéšã«1æ¬ã®åœäžã䞻匵ãããåŸéšãžã®éé·ã¯ã空æ¯ã©ã³ã°ã¬ãŒéã®å¯èœæ§ãããã
ãã®éé·ã®åœäžã¯ã倧åã®ä¹å¡ã«ãå°è±¡çã«èšæ¶ãããŠãããèŠæ©ã§ããä»ã®éé·ã¯èŠããªãã£ã...ããšãã士å®ã®å ±åããããäžç¬ éžç·(äžçªå¯ç ²ç ²å¡é·)ã¯ãã4æ©ç·šéãæ»ããŠããŠéé·ãåœãã£ããèŠãã¬ãŒã³ãšåŸãã¯ãããããšèšŒèšããŠãããé»ç°åéç ²è¡é·ã¯ãå³è·åéšãšå·Šè·äžå€®ãã倧氎æ±ãããããèŠæ©æäžéšãŸã§äŒãã£ãŠãããå³è·ã«åœäžããã«éããªãããšèšŒèšããã忬äžé枬çæã¯ãæåŸã®éé·ãèŽåœå·ãšãªã£ãŠãè¹äœãã°ãŒã³ãšæ²ãã ããšè¿°ã¹ããåæµ·äºåç©é€šã®æ åã§ã¯ã5æ¬ã®éé·ãæäžããããåé¿ããããšãåºæ¥ãªãã®ã§æè³èŠé·ã¯äœãèšããã«åœäžãããŸã§éé·ãèŠã€ããŠãããšããçåè
ã®èšŒèšãäžæ ãããŠããã
ãã®ããã«14æ17åãŸã§ã倧åã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®èªç©ºé386æ©(æŠéæ©180æ©ã»çææ©75æ©ã»é·ææ©131æ©)ãããã¯367æ©ã«ããæ³¢ç¶æ»æãåãããæŠéæ©ãå
šæ©ç匟ãšãã±ãã匟ãè£
åããæ©éæå°ãå ãã£ãŠã倧åã®å¯Ÿç©ºç«åãç Žå£ããããã ãèŠéã®äžç©ºã«å°éããŠæ»æã«åå ããã®ã¯309æ©ããã®äžãã倧åãçŽæ¥æ»æããã®ã¯117æ©(æ¥éäžçææ©37ãæŠéæ©15æ©ãæŠéçææ©5æ©ãé·ææ©60æ©)ã§ããã
ãè»èŠå€§åæŠéè©³å ±ãã«ãã倧åã®äž»ãªè¢«å®³ç¶æ³ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãšããããã ããã倧å被害çµéè³æäžè¶³ããè©³çŽ°äžæããšã®æ³šãããããŸã倧åãè·è¡ããŠããç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠéãæåºããæŠéè©³å ±ã®è¢«å®³å³ãéé·åœäžã®é çªãšãäžèŽããªããäŸãã°ç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠéã¯å³è·ã«åœäžããéé·ã¯4çªç®ã«åœäžãšèšé²ããŠããã
æåŸã®è€æ°ã®éé·ã倧åã®å³è·ã«åœäžããŠããã¯20床ã30床ã50åºŠãšæ¥æ¿ã«åŸæãå¢ãããèœæå¯é·ã¯é²åŸ¡ææ®æãã第äºèŠæ©ãžäžãããšæè³èŠé·ã«ç·å¡æäžç²æ¿ãé²èšããæ£®äžåè¬é·ãåæèŠãè¿°ã¹ããäŒè€é·å®ã¯æ£®äžåè¬é·ã𿡿ãããšãå
šå¡ã®ææã«çããªããã第äžèŠæ©äžã®é·å®äŒæ©å®€ã«å»ã£ããæ£®äžåè¬é·ã¯ç¬¬äºèŠéå¹åéã«å¯Ÿããé§éèŠã«ç§»ä¹ããã®ã¡æ²çžãžå
è¡çªå
¥ããäºãåœããèªèº«ã¯å€§åãæèŠããããèŠæ©ã«æ®ã£ããæè³èŠé·ã¯å·ä»€æ©ã§ãç·å¡æäžç²æ¿ããåãããããã§ã«å€§åã¯å·Šè·ã«å€§åŸæããŠèµ€ãèŠè
¹ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®ãããè±åºãéã«åããèŠå
ã«éã蟌ããããŠæŠæ»ããè
ã倿°ãããæè³èŠé·ã¯çŸ
éåãã€ããã ãŸãŸæµ·äžã«æ²¡ããã第äžèŠæ©ã§ã¯ãèæšå²æèªæµ·é·ãšè±ç°äžå°ãçŸ
éåã«èº«äœãåºå®ããæ£®äžåè¬é·ãè¥æå°å
µãè±åºãããŠãããæå倩çã®åç(埡ç圱)ã¯äž»ç ²çºä»€æã«ãã£ãŠç¬¬ä¹åéé·ã責任ãè² ã£ãŠããã®ã§ãååéé·æéšæµ·è»å€§å°ã埡ç圱ãç§å®€ã«æ§æããŠéµãããããäžæ¹ãèŠæ©æž¬çæã®äŒä»€ã ã£ãåå·æ°ã®èšŒèšã«ããã°ãè
°ãŸã§æµ·æ°Žã«æµžããè±åºäžèœãšãªã£ãäž»ç ²çºä»€æã§äžæäžå°ã埡ç圱ãè
¹ã«å·»ããŠãããšããå ±åããã£ãã®ã¡ã«é£çµ¡ãéçµ¶ãããšãããã
14æ20åã倧åã¯ãã£ãããšæšªè»¢ããŠãã£ããèŠæ©é äžã®å°æææ®æé
çœ®ã®æç°å
èŒå€§å°ãå°æå¥(ä¿®æ£æ)ã¯ãææ®æãåºããšãããç®ã®åãæµ·é¢ã ã£ããšèšŒèšããŠãããå³è·å€åŽã®ã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒã¯æåŸãŸã§åããŠãããå·Šè·ã®é«è§ç ²ãåã°æµ·æ°Žã«æµžãããç ²èº«ãäžäžãããééããä¹å¡ãå€ã«åºããèŠæ©åšå²ã®æããã«ã¯ä¹å¡ãéŽãªãã«ã¶ãäžãã£ãŠããã14æ23åãäžç©ºã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ»æéææ®å®éã¯å€§åã®å®å
šãªè»¢èŠã確èªãããããæ€ãã²ã£ãããããããã«æšªè»¢ããããšããç®æè«ãããã
倧åã¯çŽåŸã«å€§ççºãèµ·ãããè¹äœã3ã€ã«åæãããŠæµ·åºã«æ²ãã ã
倧åã®æ²æ²¡æå»ã«ã€ããŠãè»èŠå€§åæŠéè©³å ±ããšã第17é§ééæŠææ¥èªãã§ã¯14æ23åãåéã®é»æãå
ã«ãããç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠéæŠéè©³å ±ãã¯14æ17åãšèšé²ããŠãããççºã«ãã£ãŠå¹ãé£ã°ãããç Žçã¯æµ·é¢ã®çåè
ã®äžã«éãæ³šããããã«ãã£ãŠåœãèœãšããçåè
ãå°ãªããªãã£ãã
æåšå
ä»»ææ®å®åç°æ£çŸ©å€§äœ(嬿ã第åäžé§éé)ã¯ãæ²çžçªå
¥ããçåè
ã®æå©ãåœããã軜巡ç¢ç§ããè±åºåŸã17æ20åã«åéã«æå©ããã倿åèµå°å°ã¯äžæäœæŠç¶è¡ãå³ã£ãŠæå·ãçµãã§ãããã®ã®ãçµå±ã¯çåè
ãæå©ã®ããåž°éã«ã€ããã
14æ50åã嬿ãšéªé¢šãé§ãã€ããç²æ¿ããåãããããŒããçžæ¢¯åãçè(å
ç«è)ã䜿ã£ãŠå€§åã®çåè
ã®æå©ãéå§ããã嬿ã¯èŠæ©ããæé é¡ã§æµ·äžãæ¢çŽ¢ãã2é»ã®å
ç«èã«æç€ºãåºããŠæå©ãé²ãããæ£®äžåè¬é·ãç³ç°ç¬¬äºèŠéå¯å®ã¯å¬æã®å
ç«èã«çºèŠããæå©ãããã
é é éšã«è£å·ãè² ã£ãèœæå¯é·ã¯ã森äžåè¬é·ããå°ãé¢ããæµ·äžãæŒã£ãŠãããå¯é·è£äœã®åœæ¬äžå°ããå¯é·ããã«ããããšåšå²ã®çåè
ãåŒã³éããè² å·è
ãäžå¿ã«èŒªã«ãªã£ãŠæå©ãåŸ
ã€ãšãéªé¢šãããŒã(å
ç«è)ãäžããŠèœæå¯é·ãè² å·è
ã®æå©ãå§ãããå
æ°ãªè
ã¯çžæ¢¯åã§ç²æ¿ã«äžããåœæ¬äžå°ã¯éªé¢šã®è² å·å
µãšäº€ä»£ããŠé
眮ã«ã€ãããå°æä¿®æ£æã圌ãæå©ããéªé¢šã2é»ã®å
ç«èãéãããŠãéå·ãè² ã£ãŠæ®ã©å£ãšéŒ»ã ãæ°Žé¢ã«åºããŠæµ®ããŠããå
µããäœåãå®å
šã«äœ¿ãæããèªåã§ã¯åããªãå
µãªã©ãæå©ããŠããã®ãç®æããŠãããèœæå¯é·ã¯æŒæµäžã«æèã倱ããéªé¢šã®æ°Žå
µãäžææžåœæ°ä»ã®åŒµãæãå ããŠãèŠéããªãã£ãã倧äœã®è¥ç« ãéæ²¹ã§æ±ããŠããŠæ¬äººç¢ºèªãé£ãããæ°çµ¶ãããŸãŸéªé¢šè»å»é·ã®çž«åãåããŠçéããã
嬿ãéªé¢šã«ãã倧åã®æå©äœæ¥ã¯16æåé ã«åãäžãããããéªé¢šèŠäžã§ã¯æå©åãäžããããŒãã®ååãåœä»€ããé§éèŠé·ã«å¯ŸããŠå€§åã®å£«å®ãããŸã çåè
ãæ®ã£ãŠããããšæå©ã®ç¶ç¶ã蚎ããããæ¥æ²¡ãè¿ããªãæœæ°ŽèŠã®è¡åãæŽ»çºåããæãããã£ãããšãæå·èŠãææŽããäœæ¥ãæ§ããŠããããšãããããã§æã¡åãããã嬿ã¯éãç¢ç§ã®æå©ãè¡ã£ãåŸãæ¶Œæã®æ¢çŽ¢ã®ãã19æ2åã«å
è¡ããŠæµ·åãé¢ããéªé¢šã¯ç¢ç§ã®æå©åŸã23æé ãŸã§ç£¯é¢šã®ææŽã«åœãã£ããå¬æã¯æœæ°ŽèŠã®è¿œè·¡ãåããåããéªé¢šã¯æœæ°ŽèŠããé·æãããããäž¡èŠãšã被害ã¯ãªãã4æ8æ¥ååãæå©ãã倧åã®çåè
ãšå
±ã«äœäžä¿ã«å
¥æž¯ããã
倧åã§ã¯äŒè€æŽäžç¬¬äºèŠéåžä»€é·å®(æŠæ»åŸå€§å°)ãæè³èŠé·(åäžå°)以äž2,740åãæŠæ»ãçåè
269åãŸãã¯276åãç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠéæŠéè©³å ±ã«ããã°ãæºå£«å®ä»¥äž23åã»äžå£«å®å
µ246åã第äºèŠéåžä»€éš4åã»äžå£«å®å
µ3åã§ãã£ãã
ããŸãæ²çžæ¬å³¶ã«äžéžã§ããã°ä¹çµå¡ã®çµŠæãç©è³è²·ãå
¥ãéãªã©ãå¿
èŠãšããããããçŸé51äž805å3éãçšæãããŠãã(2006幎ã®äŸ¡å€ã«æç®ããŠ9å3000äžåã»ã©)ã倧åãå«ããåèŠã®çšæéé¡ã¯äžæã ããå°ãªããšãæµé¢šã«çŽ14äžåãçšæãããåèŠèœæ²ã«ãã亡倱ããããšãèšé²ãããŠããã
4æ9æ¥ãææ¥æ°èã¯äžé¢ã§ãæ²çžåšèŸºã®æµäžãžçªæ/æŠèŠå§ã空氎å
šè»ç¹æ»éããšå ±éãããã倧åã®ååã詳现ãæããã«ãããããšã¯ãªãã£ãã
å€§åæ²æ²¡ã®å ±ã¯èŠªä»»åŒäžã®éŽæšè²«å€ªééŠçžãå
é£äžåã«äŒããããææŠãçŸå®ã®ãã®ãšããŠèªèããããšãããåæ§ã®ææ³ã¯ã倧åã®æ²æ²¡ãç®æããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æä¹å¡ãæ±ããŠãããçµæŠåŸã®1945幎(æå20幎)8æ31æ¥ãæŠèŠ4é»(å±±åãæŠèµãæ¶æ¡ã倧å)ã空æ¯4é»(ç¿é¶Žãä¿¡æ¿ãçé¶Žã倧鳳)ã¯åžåœè»èŠç±ããé€ç±ãããã
4æ30æ¥ãæå倩çã¯ç±³å
æµ·è»å€§è£ã«ã倩å·äœæŠãæŒã±ã«å€§å以äžãäœ¿çšæ³äžé©åœãã«ã€åŠã€ããšå°ãããæµ·è»ã¯ãåœæã®çæäºæ
å緎床 äœæŠæºåçããããŠãçªå
¥äœæŠã¯éæ©ã«ã㊠èªç©ºäœæŠãšãå»åããããç¹ã«æŒãŠ èšç»æºååšå°ãæ¬ ã éåžžã«çª®å±ãªãèšç»ã«å ãããå«ãã äœæŠæå°ã¯é©åãªããšã¯ç§°ãé£ããã¹ãããšã®çµè«ãåºããã
12æ9æ¥ãGHQã¯æ¥æ¬æŸéåäŒã©ãžãªç¬¬1æŸéã»ç¬¬2æŸéãéããŠãççžã¯ããã ãã®æŸéãéå§ããã®äžã§å€§åã®æ²æ²¡ããäžçæå€§ã®ããæŠèŠå€§åãšæŠèµã®æåŸã«ã€ããŠãç¥ããäžããããšããé¡ã§æŸéãããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®èªèã§ããããã倧åã¯ææ°Žé4äž5000ãã³ã®æŠèŠãšããŠç޹ä»ãããŠããã
倧åãççºããéã®ç«æ±ãããã³é²ã¯ã鹿å
å³¶ããã§ã確èªã§ãããšããããŸãã埳ä¹å³¶ããèŠãããšããäŒæ¿ãããã
ççºã¯è¹äœã®åæç®æãšè±èœããäž»ç ²å¡ã®æå·ã®çšåºŠããã2çªäž»ç ²å¡ã®ç«è¬åº«ãèªçãããããšããããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã𿣮äžåè¬é·ãæž
æ°Žå¯ç ²è¡é·ã¯åŸéšå¯ç ²ã®ç«çœãäžçªäž»ç ²åŒŸè¬åº«ã®èªçã«ç¹ãã£ããšæšè«ãããã転èŠçŽåŸã«ççºããŠããç¹ãªã©ããµãŸãã倧å転èŠã«ããççºãšãã説ã®ã»ããæåã§ãããèœæå¯é·ã¯ãäž»ç ²åŒŸã®èªçããšãã衚çŸã䜿ã£ãŠãããæŠåŸã®æµ·åºèª¿æ»ã§ãèŠå°Ÿãã70mã®èŠåº(æ©é¢éš)ã«ã30mã»ã©ã®å€§ããªæå·ç©Žãããããšã倿ããŠãããããã¯ãã€ã©ãŒãèžæ°ççºãèµ·ãããå¯èœæ§ãé«ããšãããããäžçªäž»ç ²åŒŸè¬åº«ã®ççºã«ãããã®ã§ãããšããå ±åãããã
ååèŠã®æŠèµãéé·20æ¬ä»¥äžã»ç匟20çºè¿ãã被匟ããªãã9æéçšèããã®ã«æ¯ã¹ã倧åã¯2æéè¿ãã®æŠéã§æ²æ²¡ãããããããæ©ãæ²ãã å°è±¡ãããããããã¯è¢«åŒŸéé·ã®å
1æ¬(æ¥æ¬åŽèšé²ã§ã¯7æ¬ç®)ãé€ããŠã¯å
šãŠå·Šè·ã«éäžãããäœãé²ã«èŠçãé®ãããŠå€§ååŽããæµæ©ã®èŠèªãå°é£ã極ãããæŠèµã«æ¯ã¹ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®æ»æã«éæããªããããã«ã¬ã€ãæ²æµ·æŠã®æãããæ»æç®æšèŠãéãããŠãããªã©ãæ¥æ¬åŽã«ãšã£ãŠæªæ¡ä»¶ãéãªã£ãŠããããŸãæè³èŠé·ã¯1944幎(æå19幎)12æã«çä»»ãèæšèªæµ·é·(åä»»ãæŠèŠæŠå)ã¯åºæã®åæåã®çä»»ã§ãããæ°ä»»èªæµ·é·ããå°åèŠã®èŠé·ãåžä»€å®ãšããŠçµéšãç©ãã æè³èŠé·ãå·šèŠã»å€§åã®æèŠã«æ
£ããŠããªãã£ãäºã倿°ã®è¢«åŒŸã«ç¹ãã£ããšããææãããã1945幎(æå20幎)以éã®å€§åã¯çæäžè¶³ã®ãããæºè¶³ãªèšç·Žãã§ããªãã£ããæè³èŠé·ãæµ·å
µåæã®å€æç¬¬äºæ°Žé·æŠéåžä»€å®ã«ãçæäžè¶³ã®ããäž»ç ²èšç·ŽãŸã§å¶éããªããã°ãªããªã窮ç¶ã蚎ããŠãããããã«å¯Ÿãã倧åæèŠã®åæãšå€ãã®ä¹çµå¡ãè³è³ããæ£®äžåè¬é·ã¯ã倧åã®ãããªå·šèŠã§ã¯æéãªåé¿ã¯é£ããã倿°ã®èªç©ºæ©ãå®å
šåé¿ããããšã¯æãèŠæããšèªã£ãŠãããèªæµ·å£«ã®å±±æ£®ããæ²çžç¹æ»æã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æ»æã®åã§ã¯ã森äžã®æéã§ãåãã ã£ããšããããã®äžæ¹ã§ã森äžåè¬é·ãªãã°æ²çžãŸã§è¡ãããããããªããšè¿°ã¹ãæèŠãããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»èªç©ºéã¯æŠèµäžé»ãææ²ããã®ã«5æé以äžããããæéåã£ãç¹ãéèŠãã倧ååæŠèŠã®æ»ç¥æ³ãèããŠãããšããããã®æ¹æ³ãšã¯ãçè·ã®å¯Ÿç©ºè£
åããã±ããåŒŸãæ¥éäžçæãæ©éæå°ã§ãªãæã£ãåŸããã®åŽã«éé·ãéäžãããŠæšªè»¢ãããããšãããã®ã ã£ããã ããæå³çã«å·Šè·ãçã£ããšããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»èšé²ã蚌èšã¯çŸåšã®ãšããçºèŠãããŠããªãã
ããã«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»èŠèŒæ©ãæåºããæŠæå ±åãšæ¥æ¬åŽã®æŠéè©³å ±ã«ãã被匟æ°ã«ã¯å€§ããªé£ãéãããããèŠã®è¢«å®³å ±åãåããŠããèœæå¯é·(èŠæ©åžä»€å¡ã»é²åŸ¡ææ®æ)ã¯éé·åœäž12æ¬ãšåæ³ãäžå°Ÿ(äžå°ãé«å°é·ä»ãèŠæ©æäžéšã»é²ç©ºææ®æ)ã¯éé·14æ¬ãæŠéè©³å ±ã§ã¯ãéé·10æ¬ã»ç匟7çºãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»æŠç¥èª¿æ»å£ã¯ãæ¥æ¬åŽè³æãåèã«éé·10æ¬ãç匟5çºãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»é£è¡éã®æŠéå ±åã§ã¯ã367æ©åºæäžæäœ117æ©(æŠéæ©ãã«ãã£ãã15æ©ãæŠéæ©ã³ã«ã»ã¢5æ©ãæ¥éäžçææ©ãã«ãã€ã㌠37æ©ãé·ææ©ã¢ãã³ãžã£ãŒ60æ©)ã倧åãæ»æããéé·30-35æ¬ãç匟38çºãåœäžãããšäž»åŒµã第58ä»»åéšéã¯éé·13-14æ¬ç¢ºå®ãç匟5çºç¢ºå®ãšçµè«ã¥ããŠãããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®æŠéèšé²ãåæããååæŽã¯ãæ¥æ¬åŽã®æŠéè©³å ±ã ãã§ãªããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»èšé²ãšã®ç
§åã«ããéèª¬ã®æžãæããå¿
èŠã ãšè¿°ã¹ããã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®è¢«å®³ã¯6æ©ãå¢èœã5æ©ãåž°éåŸã«ç Žæ£ã47æ©ã被匟ããã
èªãã®èšèã«ãã£ãŠå€§åç¹æ»ãæããæå倩çã ãããæå倩çå®é²ãã«ã¯èšãããŠããªããã®ã®ãæå倩çç¬çœé²ãã«ã¯ãç¥ã£ãŠãç¥ããããæ²çžæŠãæ¯ãè¿ãäžã§ããšã£ãŠããã®å€§åããã®éåºåããããä¹ãé£è¡æ©ã®é£çµ¡ãªãã§åºãããã®ã ãã倱æããããäœæŠäžäžèŽãå
šã銬鹿銬鹿ããæŠéã§ãã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãããšãèšãããŠããã
ååžã®æ§æµ·è»å¢å°(é·è¿«å
¬å)ã«ãæŠèŠå€§åæŠæ»è
ä¹ç¢ããããã倧åã建é ãããæ§åæµ·è»å·¥å» (çŸåšã¯ãžã£ãã³ ããªã³ãŠãã€ããã)ã®ããã¯ãæãæŽå²ã®èŠããäžã«ãèŠæ©ã®é«ãã®1/10ã®èšå¿µç¢ãèšç«ãããã埳ä¹å³¶ã«ãæŠèŠå€§åæ
°éå¡ã建ç«ãããŠãã(å¡ã®é«ãã¯èŠæ©ã®é«ããšåã)ã建é ãããããã¯ã¯åãç«ãŠãããŠããããæ©å¯ä¿æã®ããã«èšãããã屿 ¹ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæ®ãããŠãããä¿®ç¹ã«äœ¿çšãããååŽã®ããã¯ã¯ã2017幎çŸåšã皌åäžã§ããã
æŠéè©³å ±ã«ãã倧åã®æ²æ²¡å°ç¹ã¯åç·¯30床22å æ±çµ128床04å / åç·¯30.367床 æ±çµ128.067床 / 30.367; 128.067ãã ãå®éã®å€§åã¯ãåç·¯30床43å æ±çµ128床04å / åç·¯30.717床 æ±çµ128.067床 / 30.717; 128.067ãé·åŽçã®ç·å¥³çŸ€å³¶å¥³å³¶åæ¹176kmã鹿å
å³¶çã®å®æ²»çŸ€å³¶å®æ²»å島西æ¹144kmãæ°Žæ·±345mã®å°ç¹ã«æ²ãã§ããã
æŠåŸ4åã®æµ·åºæ¢æ»ãè¡ãããŠããã1982å¹Žã®æ¢æ»ã§æåã«å€§åãšæãããè¹äœãçºèŠããããæ§ã
ãªè³æãæ€èšããŠæ²æ²¡ç¹ãæšå®ããåºç¯å²ã®æµ·åºã¹ãã£ã³ãè¡ãããããã®çµæãéåžžèŠãããæµ·åºã®èµ·äŒå°åœ¢ãšã¯ç°ãªãåå¿ãåŸããåŒãç¶ãç¡äººæ¢æ»æ©ãéãããŠæµ·åºã®æ¢æ»ãè¡ã£ãããæ²è¹ãããæ åãåã£ããã®ã®éäžãã倩åãæªåããããã«ãã®è¹äœã倧åãã©ãã確èªã§ããªããŸãŸèª¿æ»ãçµäºããŠããããŸããæµ·åºã®ç©äœã®å
šé·ã倧åãšæ¯èŒããŠæããã«çãããšãææãããŠããã
1985幎(æå60幎)ãæŠåŸ40幎ç®ã®ç¯ç®ãšããããšãããã倧åã®çºèŠãç®æããŠãæµ·ã®å¢æšå§å¡äŒããçµç¹ããæäººæµ·åºæ¢æ»è¹ãå幎7æ29æ¥ããéå§ããããæ¢æ»ã«ã¯å€§åäŒãéºæäŒãæ°éäŒæ¥ã®åºè³ã§è¡ããããæ¢æ»è¹ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ãã空茞ããã3人ä¹ãã®ããã€ã»ã¹IIãã䜿çšãããã7æ29æ¥ãã調æ»ãéå§ãã7æ30æ¥ã«ã¯å€§åã®å·šå€§ãªèŠå°Ÿãšã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒã確èªãããã7æ31æ¥ã«äž»ç ²åŒŸãèŠéŠéšåã®èã®çŽç« ãçºèŠããããã®çŽåŸã枬å®ããããšã§æ²æ²¡è¹ã倧åã§ãããšç¢ºå®ãããã忥äžã«èŠæ©ãèŠã®ååéšåãçºèŠãããããè¹äœã倧ãã2åå²ãããŠããããšãäž»ç ²å¡ããã¹ãŠè±èœããŠããããšã倿ããããã®æ¢æ»ã§ã¯ãã€ã»ã¹IIãææã§ããç¯å²ã®ééã®éºåãæµ·åºããåéããååãããã
1999幎(å¹³æ11幎)ã«ãæœæ°Žèª¿æ»ãè¡ãããæµ·åºã«æ£ä¹±ããéšåã®å°å³ãäœæãããããããå
ã«æµ·åºã®æ§åãåçŸããæš¡åãäœæããã倧åãã¥ãŒãžã¢ã ã§å±ç€ºãããã2009幎(å¹³æ21幎)1æã«ãªã£ãŠå€§åã®æ¯æž¯ã§ãã£ãååžæµ·äºæŽå²ç§åŠé€š(倧åãã¥ãŒãžã¢ã )ã»ååå·¥äŒè°æã»äžåœæ°èã»æ¥æ¬æŸéåäŒåºå³¶æŸéå±çãåºå³¶ã®çµæžçããã¹ã³ããäžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠå¯ä»ãåã£ãŠåŒãæããèšç»ãç«ã¡äžããæ°åååèŠæš¡ã®åéãåºã«è¹äœã®äžéšã®åŒæããç®æãããããã®åŸè©±ãç«ã¡æ¶ããšãªã£ãã
2016幎5æãååžã®äŸé Œã§æ·±ç°ãµã«ããŒãžå»ºèšããã¯ãããããæå
¥ããŠèª¿æ»ãè¡ããããç·è²»çš8000äžåã®ãã¡ãååžã6400äžåãæ åºããã5æ10æ¥ã«èª¿æ»è¹ã¯é¹¿å
å³¶ãåºæž¯ãã5æ11æ¥ããæŽäžã§ã®èšå¿µåŒå
žã®åŸã«èª¿æ»ãéå§ãããããã¯ããããã¯ç¡äººæ¢æ»æ©ã§ããã€ããžã§ã³ã«ã¡ã©ã䜿çšãããã調æ»ã«ã¯å€§åãã¥ãŒãžã¢ã ã®åŠèžå¡ãååžããããã®èª¿æ»ã§ã¯éºåã®ååã¯è¡ãããªãã£ãã50æéã®æ åãš7000æã®åçãæ®åœ±ããããã®ããŒã¿ãå
ã«æµ·åºã®å€§åã®9åéã®3Dåç»ãäœæããããåç»ã¯å€§åãã¥ãŒãžã¢ã ã®äŒç»å±ç€ºãšããŠå
¬éãããŠããã
倧åã®èŠäœã¯1çªäž»ç ²åºéšãš2çªäž»ç ²åºéšã®éãå¢ã«ãååŸ2ã€ã«åãããŠãããèŠéŠéšãã2çªäž»ç ²å¡å(0 - 110çªãã¬ãŒã ä»è¿ãçŽ90m)ãŸã§ã¯ãå³ã«åŸããŠå西(æ¹äœ310床)ã«åããŠæ²ãã§ãããèŠäžå€®éšããèŠå°ŸãŸã§åŸéš(175 - 246çªãã¬ãŒã ä»è¿ãçŽ186m)ã¯ã転èŠããç¶æ
ã§æ±(æ¹äœ90床)æ¹åãåããŠãããåæ¹ããããããšå
šé·276mãšãªããåŸéšã倧ããç ŽæããŠãããç Žæç¶æ
ã«è¿ãããã«ã倧åã®è¹äœã¯3ã€ã«åæãããŠããããšããåºå
žãããããã®ä»ã«ãæ¿ããæå·ããäžå€®éšåãšæããããããã¯ã3ã€ã®èµ·äŒãšãªãèŠå°ŸèŠéŠã®70måã«æ²ãã§ããã
èŠéŠéšåã¯å³ã«åŸããŠæ²ãã§ããã1çªäž»ç ²å¡ã¯è±èœããŠããããããŒãããã¯ç¡å·ã§ä¿ãããŠããã1999幎ã2016幎ã®èª¿æ»ã§ãæœæ°ŽèãããŒãããã®ç©Žã®å
éšã®æ®åœ±ãè¡ã£ãŠããã1çªäž»ç ²å¡çŽåŸããè¹äœã¯åæãããŠãã2çªäž»ç ²å¡ã®ããŒãããã¯æ®ã£ãŠããªããèŠéŠéšåã®å³åŽåŽé¢ã¯æ¿ããæå·ããŠãããã»ãŒå³è·åŽãå¹ãé£ã°ãããŠååšããªãç¶æ
ãšãªã£ãŠããã倧ããå³åŽã«åŸæããŠæµ·åºã«æ²ãã§ããã®ã§ã1çªäž»ç ²å¡æšªã®æäžç²æ¿ããã®ãŸãŸæµ·åºã«ç¹ãã£ãŠããããã«ãã¹ããŠã¯ç¢ºèªã§ããããçŽåŸã§è¹äœã«å€§ããªäºè£ãããèŠéŠéšåã¯åº§å±ããŠåå£ããç¶æ
ãšãªã£ãŠãããèã®çŽç« ã¯æ®ã£ãŠãããã以åã®æ¢æ»ã§ç¢ºèªãããéç®ã2016å¹Žã®æ¢æ»ã§ã¯å¥é¢ããŠå€±ãããŠãããè¹éŠéšåã®å
端ã¯åŽ©å£ããŠåšå²ã¯å€§ãã圢ã厩ããŠãããé廿°åºŠã®æµ·åºæ¢çŽ¢ã§éŒæ¿ã®å£åã«ããèŠéŠéšåã®åŽ©å£ã次第ã«é²è¡ããŠããããšã確èªãããŠãããèŠæ©ã¯è¹äœããè±èœããŠèŠéŠãã«ãã¹ããŠè¿ãã®å³è·ã®äžæ·ããšãªã£ãŠãããèŠæ©ã®äžã«å³è·ãèŠããã¶ãã£ãŠããç¶æ
ã§ã15m枬è·åãå°æææ®æãé æ¹ãã芳å¯ã§ãããã现ãã芳å¯ã¯åºæ¥ãªãã
転èŠããç¶æ
ã§ãã»ãŒæµ·åºã«æ°Žå¹³ã«æ²ãã§ããã4æ¬ã®ã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒã®ãã¡ã3æ¬ã¯è¹äœã«ç¡å·ã§ä»ããŠãããå³è·å€åŽã®1æ¬ã¯è±èœããŠæµ·åºã«çªãåºãã£ãŠãããæ²æ²¡æã®ççºã§ã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒã·ã£ãããæããŠãè±èœãããã®ãšæããããäž»èµããã³å¯èµã«ã¯æå·ã¯ãªããå
±ã«æ£äžã®äœçœ®ãšãªã£ãŠãããèŠå°Ÿéšåã®ãããã¯ã®å·Šè·åŽã®èŠåº-å·Šè·ã«ãããŠã¯èŠã®æ£äžãè¶
ããéåžžã«å€§ããªç Žå£åãããããã®åã®ããã«ããããååŽãšåŸåŽã§ã¯æ£äžç·ããããŠããç Žæç¶æ
ã«è¿ããåã®äžã«ã¯èŠå
ãèµ°è¡ããã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒã·ã£ããã芳å¯ãããŠããããŸã猶(ãã€ã©ãŒ)ãªã©ãçºèŠãããŠãããåŸéšèŠæ©ãè¹äœããè±èœããŠè¹å°Ÿéšåã®æšªãæµ·åºã«çªãåºãã£ãã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒã®åã«æ²ãã§ããã
倧åã®äž»ç ²ãšå¯ç ²ã¯ãã¹ãŠè»¢èŠæã«è±èœããã3åºã®äž»ç ²å¡ã¯ãæµ·åºã®åäžç·äžã«æ²ãã§ãããããã¯äž»ç ²ã®è±èœãã転èŠçŽåŸã«èµ·ãã£ãããšãæå³ããŠãããšããããã2016å¹Žã®æ¢æ»ã§ãæ²ãã§ããé çªã¯åããé ã«ç¬¬2äž»ç ²(è¹å°Ÿéšåã®ååŽ)ã第3äž»ç ²(è¹å°Ÿéšåã®ååŽã«æ¥ãã)ã第1äž»ç ²(è¹å°Ÿéšåã®ååŽ)ãšããããšãå€ããèŠã«èšçœ®ãããŠããç¶æ
ãšäœçœ®ã亀差ããŠããã9æ¬ã®ç ²èº«ã¯ããããæ³¥ã«åãŸããªã©ããŠç¢ºèªã§ããŠããªããäž»ç ²å¡ã®ãã¡æãä¿åç¶æ
ãè¯ãã®ã¯1çªäž»ç ²å¡ã§ããã1çªäž»ç ²å¡ã¯äžäžéã«ãªã£ãŠæµ·åºã«å¡ã®ããã«çŽç«ããŠãããäžéšããã³äžéšçµŠåŒŸå®€ãªã©ãç Žå£ãããŠããªãç¶æ
ã§ç¶ºéºã«èгå¯ã§ãããäžçªäžã«ãªã£ãŠããç ²å¡æ¬äœã®è£
ç²ãå°ãªããšãåŽé¢ã®è£
ç²ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæ®ã£ãŠãããæž¬è·åãã«ããŒããšç ²å¡ã«ã€ãããŸãŸã§ããã2çªäž»ç ²å¡ã¯å€§ããæå·ããŠãããçµŠåŒŸå®€ã¯æãã«åŸæããŠãããæ²æ²¡æã«2çªç ²å¡ã®åŒŸè¬åº«ãççºããããšã瀺ã蚌æ ãšãããŠãããæž¬è·åã¯æ®ã£ãŠãããã«ããŒãå€ããŠæ¬äœãå¥ãã ãã«ãªã£ãŠããã3çªäž»ç ²å¡ã¯çåŽååãæµ·åºã«åãŸã£ãŠãããå¯ç ²ã®ãã¡1åºã¯3æ¬ã®ç ²èº«ã確èªãããŠããããäžå€®ã®ç ²èº«ã®å
端ãç Žè£ããŠããããã1åºã®å¯ç ²ã¯ç ²èº«ãæµ·åºã«åãŸã£ãŠããŠç¢ºèªã§ããªãã
(éçŽã¯ãããã倧äœ)
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C_(%E6%88%A6%E8%89%A6)
|
6,206 |
é«ç é§
|
é«ç é§
(ãããããããããããªãã)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®é§
ã
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A0%82%E9%A7%85
|
6,208 |
京æé«ç é§
|
京æé«ç é§
(ãããããããããã)ã¯ãæ±äº¬éœè食åºé«ç äºäžç®ã«ããã京æé»éã»åç·ééã®é§
ã§ããã
京æé»éã®æ¬ç·ã»éçºç·ã»æç°ç©ºæž¯ç·ãšåç·ééã®åç·ç·ãä¹ãå
¥ããŠããæ±äº¬23åºæ±éšã®äº€éã®èŠè¡ã®äžã€ã京æé»éãšåç·ééã®å
±å䜿çšé§
ã§ããããé§
åã«ã京æããå ãããé§
管çã¯äº¬æé»éãè¡ã£ãŠãããé§
çªå·ã¯äº¬æé»éã«å¯ŸããŠã®ã¿KS10ãä»äžãããŠããã
æ¬ç·ä»¥å€ã®3è·¯ç·ã¯åœé§
ãèµ·ç¹ã§ããã®ãã¡éçºç·ä»¥å€ã¯å
šãŠçŽéé転ã®èšå®ããã(京æäžéãæŒäžã»éœå¶ç·æ¹é¢ - å°ææ¥æ¬å»å€§ã京æè¹æ©æ¹é¢)ã
æç°ç©ºæž¯ç·ã¯ãæç°ã¹ã«ã€ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ç·ãã®æç§°ãä»ããããŠãããæ
客æ¡å
ã§ã¯ãã¡ãã䜿ãããŠãããåç·ã¯å°ææ¥æ¬å»å€§é§
ãŸã§åç·ç·ãšæœèšãå
±çšããŠããã京ææç°ç©ºæž¯ç·ãšåç·ç·ã¯æ³æç¶ãäžå¥äºæ¥è
ã®è·¯ç·ã§ããããæå»è¡šãªã©ã§ã¯å
±éããŠæ¡å
ãããããšãå€ãã
ãã®é§
ã¯æ¬ç·(京æè¹æ©çµç±)ã®ã«ãŒããšäº¬ææç°ç©ºæž¯ç·ã»åç·ç·(å°ææ¥æ¬å»å€§çµç±)ã®ã«ãŒãã®åå²é§
ãšãªã£ãŠãããé£ã®éç ¥é§
ãšãã©ã京æã«ããããžã£ã³ã¯ã·ã§ã³é§
ãšããŠæ©èœããŠããã
é§
æ±åŽã«äº¬æã®é«ç è»åº«ãèšçœ®ãããŠãããåœé§
ãå§çºã»çµçãšãªãåè»ã倿°èšå®ãããŠãããæŒäžã»éœå¶ç·æ¹é¢ãšäº¬æäžéæ¹é¢ã¯æ¯æ1æ¬çšåºŠå§çºåè»ããããåœé§
- éç ¥éã¯è€ã
ç·ãšãªã£ãŠããã
å³¶åŒããŒã 2é¢4ç·(å°å¹³)ããã³ååŒããŒã 1é¢1ç·(髿¶)ãæã€é§
ã§ãæ©äžé§
èãæããŠããã京æé»éãé§
æ¥åå
šè¬ãè¡ããäº¬ææ¬ç·ã»æç°ã¹ã«ã€ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ç·(æç°ç©ºæž¯ç·)ã»åç·ç·ã¯å°å¹³ã®2é¢4ç·ã§ãåäžç·è·¯ã»ããŒã ã䜿çšããã1954幎ã®ç§»è»¢åã¯ãæ¬ç·ã»éçºç·ãšãã«ç·å¥ã®çžå¯ŸåŒããŒã 2é¢2ç·ãæããæ¬ç·äžããšéçºç·äžãã¯åäžã®ããŒã ããŒã¹åã®äžããŒã ã§ãã£ãã
京æã«ã€ããŠã¯æ¬ç·ã»æç°ã¹ã«ã€ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ç·ãšéçºç·ãå¥ç·è·¯ã»ããŒã ãšãªã£ãŠãããéçºç·ã¯é«æ¶ã®5çªç·(ã³ã³ã³ãŒã¹ãšåäžããã¢ããã¹ããŒãã§é£çµ¡)ã䜿çšããŠããããåäžç€Ÿç·ãªãã奿¹æãšãªã£ãŠãããåäžä¹è»åž(æ®éä¹è»åžã»åæ°åžã»ICã«ãŒã)ã«ããæ¹æå€ä¹ãæã(éäžåºå Ž)ã¯60å以å
ã®æéå¶éãèšããããŠããããããè¶
éãããšåœé§
ãäžè»ãæ±ããšãªããæ®éä¹è»åžãšåæ°åžã¯ç¡å¹ãICã«ãŒãã¯åœé§
ã§éè³èšç®ãæã¡åãããã5çªç·ããŒã ãã§ããåœåã¯ãä¹ãæãçšã®èªåæ¹ææ©ã¯ä»ã®æ¹ææ©ãšåºå¥ã§ããããã«ç·è²ã®é
è²ãšãªã£ãŠãã(ICã«ãŒãã¯ã©ã®æ¹ææ©ãããä¹ãæãå¯èœ)ãã2016幎1æçŸåšãç£æ°ä¹è»åžãæå
¥å¯ã§ããèªåæ¹ææ©ãéè²ãICã«ãŒãå°çšã®èªåæ¹ææ©ããã³ã¯è²ã®é
è²ãšãªã£ãŠããããã¹ãŠã®æ¹ææ©ãä¹ãæãå¯ãšãªã£ãŠããã
çºè»æšã¯ã1çªç·ãã4çªç·ããŒã ã«ã¯ãã«ã«ã©ãŒLEDåŒã®ãã®ãã5çªç·(éçºç·)ããŒã ã«ã¯3è²LEDåŒã®ãã®ãèšçœ®ãããŠããã
é«ç 管åºãšããŠã京æå°å²©é§
ã»æ±æžå·é§
ã管çäžã«çœ®ããŠããã以åã¯èªé§
ã®ã¿ç®¡çã ã£ãããå°å²©ç®¡åºã®å»æ¢ã«ããåœç®¡åºã«çµ±åãããã
åœé§
ã«ãŠè¡å
ã»çš®å¥ã倿Žããåè»ãååšãããåœé§
æ¢ãŸãã§ãã£ãŠãè¡å
ã»åè»çš®å¥ãå€ããŠåŒãç¶ãé転ãããã以äžãå¹³æ¥ã®äŸã
è¿å¹Žã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹éäººå¡æšç§»ã¯äžè¡šã®éãã§ããã
è¿å¹Žã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹è»äººå¡æšç§»ã¯äžè¡šã®éãã§ããã
é§
ã®ååŽã«éœå¶é«ç å£å°ããããé§
åã«ã€ããŒãšãŒã«ããŒãåºåºããŠãããé§
åšèŸºã¯äœå®
ãååºãªã©äžå°ã®å»ºç©ãå¯éããŠããã
é§
西æ¹ã®äžå·æ²¿ãã«JRè²šç©æ°é貚ç©ç·ãéã£ãŠããã
é§
åã«ã¯äº€éåºå Žã眮ãã¹ããŒã¹ããªããããéè·¯äžã«ããã京æé«ç é§
ãåçæãã京æã¿ãŠã³ãã¹ã®è·¯ç·ãçºçããã
é§
ã®æ±åŽã«é«ç 1ã»2å·èžåããããããã2ã¶æã®èžåã¯äº¬ææ¬ç·ãšåç·ç·(æç°ã¹ã«ã€ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ç·)ã®åè»ãåæã«ééããäžãè»äž¡åºå°ãžã®å
¥ã»åºåº«ã®åè»ãäœéã§ééãããããæå€é倿é垯ã®ã¿ãªãããæŒé垯ãå€éã§ã鮿æéãéåžžã«é·ããéããã®èžåããšãªã£ãŠããã
ãã€ãŠããã®2ã¶æã®èžåã¯æåæéåŒ(ã¯ã€ã€ãŒåŒç¬¬1çš®ä¹èžå)ã§ãåæ§ã®æ¹åŒã ã£ãæ±æŠäŒå¢åŽç·ç«¹ãå¡é§
(æ±äº¬éœè¶³ç«åº)è¿ãã®èžåã§2005幎(å¹³æ17幎)3æã«çºçããèžåäºæ
ã®åœ±é¿ãåãã2006幎(å¹³æ18幎)9æãŸã§ã«ããããæåã¯ã€ã€ãŒåŒããé®ææ¡¿ä»ãã®èªååŒ(第1çš®ç²èžå)ã«å€æŽããããããã«ãããæååŒã®ç¹é·ã§ããèšæ©å¿å€ãªéé察å¿ã¯ã§ããªããªã£ãããã鮿æéã¯ä»¥åããé·ããªã£ãã以åã¯èžåãæãã«äº€å·®ãããããªåœ¢ã§æ©è¡è
çšã®è·šç·æ©ãæŽåãããŠããããéçºç·ããŒã ã®é«æ¶åã«éããŠæ€å»ãããèžåãæž¡ããªãã§å¯Ÿé¢ã«åããå ŽåãçŸåšã¯èžåã®äž¡åŽã«èšçœ®ããããšã¬ããŒã¿ãŒãšé§
æ§å
ã®éè·¯ã䜿ã£ãŠæšªæããã
èžåãèªååãããŠä»¥éãå®å
šç¢ºä¿ã®ããã«èŠåå¡ãåžžæé
眮ãããŠãããã2011幎(å¹³æ23幎)4æã«1å·ã»2å·èžåãšãèžåã®éäžæ°ã«æã«éåžžçšãã¿ã³ãèšçœ®ãããçŸåšèŠåå¡ã¯é
眮ãããŠããªãã
å
šé¢é«æ¶åãæ¡ãšããŠäžãã£ãŠããããé«ç è»åº«(è»äž¡åºå°)ã®é«æ¶åã移転ã®å¿
èŠããããéç ¥ - é«ç éè€ã
ç·åã®éã«ãã髿¶äºå±€åãããéç ¥é§
ãšã¯ç°ãªããåœé§
ãå°äžé§
ã®ãŸãŸæ®ãããçç±ã®äžã€ãšãªã£ãŠãããéè·¯ããããã¯ç·è·¯ã®å°äžåããé§
åšèŸºã¯çå°ãªå»ºç©ãå¯éãããšãªã¢ã§ãããå®çŸã®é£æåºŠãé«ãã
ãããå°å
ããã¯çŸåšã§ã髿¶åã®èŠæããããè食åºã¯ãã®åé¡ããéããã®èžåããšããçšèªãåºããŠã亀éåé¡ãšããŠåãäžããåºãšããŠãé£ç¶ç«äœåå®çŸã«åããŠåãçµããšè¡šæããŠããã
2022幎床ã«ãåœããæ°èŠçå·¥æºåç®æãšããŠæ¡æãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%88%90%E9%AB%98%E7%A0%82%E9%A7%85
|
6,214 |
諞åçŸå®¶
|
諞åçŸå®¶()ãšã¯ãäžåœã®æ¥ç§æŠåœæä»£ã«çŸããåŠè
ã»åŠæŽŸã®ç·ç§°ãã諞åãã¯ååã»èåã»èåã»å¢šåã»ååã»èåãªã©ã®äººç©ãæãããçŸå®¶ãã¯åå®¶ã»éå®¶ã»å¢šå®¶ã»åå®¶ã»æ³å®¶ãªã©ã®åŠæŽŸãæãã
諞åçŸå®¶ã®ã~å®¶ãã®åé¡ã¯ã挢代ã®åŠè
ãåŸããäžãããã®ã§ããããããã£ãŠã諞åçŸå®¶èªèº«ã¯èªåéã®ããšãã~å®¶ããšã¯åŒãã§ããªãã£ãããšã¯ããã倧ãŸããªåŠæŽŸæèã¯æã£ãŠãããç¹ã«ãåããšã墚ããšåŒã°ããéå£ãäºå€§åŠæŽŸãšããŠèªç¥ãããŠãã(åå®¶å
«æŽŸã»å¢šå®¶äžæŽŸ)ã
åæŒ¢åæã®åžéЬè«ã¯ã諞åçŸå®¶ãå
å®¶(å
åŠæŽŸ)ã«åé¡ããã
åŸæŒ¢ã®çåºã¯ã挢æžãèžæå¿ã§ãäžèšã®å
å®¶ã«äžå®¶ãå ããŠä¹æµã«åé¡ããã
ããã«ãããã«å°èª¬å®¶ãå ãããã®ãåå®¶ãšããŠããã(ãã®ãããªã挢æžãèžæå¿ã®å顿¹æ³ã¯ã乿µåå®¶(äžåœèªç)ããšåŒã°ããã)
ãããŠãåå®¶ã«å
µå®¶ãå ããåèšåäžå®¶ã諞åçŸå®¶ãšããã®ããçŸä»£ã§ã¯äžè¬çã§ããã
æ¥ç§æä»£ã«å€ããã£ãåœã
ã¯æ¬¡ç¬¬ã«çµ±åãããŠãæŠåœæä»£ã«ã¯7ã€ã®å€§åœ(æŠåœäžé)ããããåãæä»£ãšãªã£ãŠãã£ãã
諞䟯ããã®å®¶è£ãäºã£ãŠãããªãã§ãå¯åœåŒ·å
µãã¯ããããã®ããŸããŸãªæ¿çãå¿
èŠãšããããããã«çããã¹ãäžå
äžã®é¢šæœ®ã®äžã§ãäžçŽã®å£«ã庶æ°ã®äžã«ãç¥èã身ã«ã€ããŠè«žäŸ¯ã«æ¿çãææ¡ãããããªé説家ãç»å Žããã諞䟯ã¯ãããã®äººå£«ãé£å®¢ãšããŠããŠãªãããã®æèŠãåãå
¥ãããããã«è«žäŸ¯ã®äžã«ã¯æã®åšçã®ããã«ä»æ¥ã®å€§åŠã®ãããªãã®ãæŽåããŠãåŠè
ãã¡ã«åŠåã®å ŽãæäŸãããã®ããã£ã(çš·äžã®åŠå£«)ããã®ææ³ã¯æ§ã
ã§ãããæ¿æ²»ææ³ãçæ³è«ãããã°ãå®çšçãªæè¡è«ããããããããæžŸç¶ãšããŠãããã®ãå€ãã墚家ã¯ãã®å
žåã§ãããåæäž»çŸ©ãéæŠãå±ãããšåæã«ããã®çæ³ã®å®è·µã®ããã®é²åŸ¡æŠã®ãããã§ãã·ã§ãã«éå£ã§ããã£ããåå®¶ãæ¿æ²»ææ³ãšããããã®ã®ãåæã«å å©è¬ç¥ã®å瀌ã®å°éå®¶ã§ãã£ããå
µå®¶ã¯çŽç²ãªæŠç¥ã»æŠè¡è«ãå±ããåŠåãšèããããã¡ã§ããããå®éã«ã¯ç¡æå³ãªæŠäºã®åŠå®ãå¯åœåŒ·å
µã説ããªã©ã®æ¿æ²»ææ³ãå«ãã§ããã
çŸå®¶äºé³Žã®äžã§ãç§Šã«æ¡çšãããŠäžåœçµ±äžã®å®çŸãæ¯æŽããæ³å®¶ãæŒ¢ä»¥éã®çæã«æ¡çšãããåå®¶ãæ°è¡ã«ã²ããŸã£ãŠé»èææ³ãšãªã£ãŠãã£ãéå®¶ãåŸäžã®äžåœææ³ã«åŒ·ã圱é¿ãäžããŠãã£ãããŸããå
µå®¶ã®ä»£è¡šã§ããå«åã¯ãæŠè¡ã»æ¿æ²»ã®èŠè«Šãçãæžç©ã«ãŸãšããããã¯åŸã®äžåœã®å€ãã®æå°è
ã®ã¿ãªãããäžçäžã®æå°è
ã«æèªããããäžæ¹ã§å¢šå®¶ã¯ãåæã®éçŽäž»çŸ©ãæ¹å€ããŠå¹³ç䞻矩ãå±ããäžæã¯åå®¶ãšäžŠã¶åœ±é¿åãæã£ããããã®åŸè¡°éããŠããã
諞åã¯ã諞䟯ã«èªèª¬ã説ãã ãã§ãªããèªèª¬ãç¶æ¿ã»æ¡æ£ããåŒåã®è²æããããçŸåããã~åããšããæžç©ã®å€§åã¯ãåç®äžã®èè
ã¯è«žåæ¬äººã ããå®éã®èè
ã¯ãã®åŒåãã¡ã ã£ãããå
çã»åž«å ããæå³ãããåããšããå°ç§°ã䜿ãããã®ããã®ããã ã£ãããŸããçŸåããã~åãã®å€§åã¯è€æ°ã®ãç¯ããããªãããæ¬æ¥ã¯äžç¯ã§äžåã®æžç©ã ã£ãããã®åŸãåæŒ¢ã®å®®å»·å³æžé€šã®ååãåŸäžã®åŠè
ã«ããç·šéãçµãŠãçŸåããã~åãã®åœ¢ã«ãªã£ãã
åæŒ¢ã«ã¯ãéå®¶ãŸãã¯åå®¶ã軞ã«è«žåçŸå®¶ãçµ±åãããããªãéå®¶çãªææ³ãæµè¡ããããã®äŸãšããŠãé»èææ³ããæ·®ååããéžè³ã»è³èªŒã®ææ³ãããããŸããå²èšãããæŠåœçãã«è«žåã®äŒèšãéžè©±ããŸãšããããã
宮廷峿žé€šã®ååã»åæãã¯ã諞åã®æžç©ãåéæŽçããäžã§ããäžç¥ãã«äžèЧãèšããããã®ãäžç¥ããããšã«äžèšã®ã挢æžãèžæå¿ãæžãããã
åæŒ¢ã®åŸã¯ãåæã«ãããŠååãååããéæã»çåŠã»çŠ
ãªã©ã«ãããŠèåãèåããå
µåŠã«ãããŠå«åãããšãã£ã圢ã§ãäžéšã®è«žåã®ã¿ãéèŠããããã以å€ã®è«žåã¯ããŸã泚ç®ãããã倧åã®æžç©ãæ£éžããã
ãã®éã«è«žåå
šäœã«æ³šç®ããåžå°ãªäŸãšããŠãåå°ãæå¿ééŸã諞åç¯ãåå®å
«å€§å®¶ã®èäœãé»éã黿°æ¥éãèªè«žåç¯ãé«äŒŒå«ãåç¥ãã宿¿ã諞ååŒããªã©ãããããŸããæ±æŽåããååãã鿥Œåããªã©ã諞åã«å£ã£ãæžç©ãäœãããã
ææ«ã«ãªããšãåºçæåã®çºéã«ãã墿žåºçã®æµè¡ã«ããã諞åå
šäœãåæ³šç®ãããæ¥æ
ã»æèŽã»çŠç«ã»è¡å¿éºã»å
å±±ãã諞åãç ç©¶ãããæž
æ«ã®è蚌åŠããæ±æžæä»£ã®åŸåŸ åŠæŽŸã»æè¡·åŠæŽŸã»èèšŒåŠæŽŸã®æŒ¢åŠã§ã¯ãããã«å€ãã®åŠè
ã諞åãç ç©¶ãããè¿çŸä»£ã«ãªããšã西æŽå²åŠã«å¯Ÿãããäžåœå²åŠãã®ä»£è¡šæ ŒãšããŠè«žåãéèŠãããããã«ãªã£ãã
20äžçŽæ«ãã21äžçŽã«ã¯ãäžåœåå°ã®èå€éºè·¡ã«ãããŠã諞åã®ç°æ¬ãæ£éžããæžç©ãå«ã竹簡ã»åžæžãçºæãããããã®äŸãšããŠãèåã(èå#銬çå ã»éåºã®çºææž)ãå«èå
µæ³ããæŠåœçžŠæšªå®¶æž(äžåœèªç)ããããã
ãæŒ¢æžãèžæå¿ä»¥éã®å³æžç®é²(ç®é²åŠ)ã§ã¯ã峿žåé¡äžã®åéåãšããŠã~å®¶ãã転çšããããã€ãŸãäŸãã°ãåéšå顿³ã®ãåéšãã«ãããŠã蟲æžã¯ã蟲家ãã®æžç©ãå
µæ³æžã¯ãå
µå®¶ãã®æžç©ãšããŠæ±ãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6
|
6,215 |
倧åé§
|
倧åé§
(ããŸãšãã)
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E9%A7%85
|
6,218 |
ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³
|
ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³(ã¯ã«ãèª ÙÙØ±Ø¯Ø³ØªØ§Ù / Kurdistan)ã¯ãäžæ±åéšã®äžå°åããã«ã³æ±éšãã€ã©ã¯åéšãã€ã©ã³è¥¿éšãã·ãªã¢åéšãšã¢ã«ã¡ãã¢ã®äžéšåã«ãŸããããã¶ã°ãã¹å±±èãšã¿ãŠã«ã¹å±±èã®æ±éšå»¶é·éšåãå
å«ãããäŒçµ±çã«äž»ãšããŠã¯ã«ã人ãå±
äœããå°ççé åã®ããšããã°ãªã¹ã»ãŠãŒãã©ãã¹å·ã®äžäžæµåãäžå¿ã«åºãã山岳å°åž¯ã§ãããé¢ç©ã¯çŽ392,000kmã
ãã¯ã«ã人ã®å°/åœããæå³ããããã«ã·ã¢èªã§ã¯ã³ã«ãã¹ã¿ãŒã³ãšãããã€ã©ã³ã«ã¯ååã®å·ã³ã«ãã¹ã¿ãŒã³å·ãååšãããã€ã©ã¯ã§ã¯èªæ²»åºã®ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³å°åãã·ãªã¢ã§ã¯èªæ²»åºã®ããžã£ãŽã¡ãæ§æããã
ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ãšããåç§°ã¯ã12äžçŽã«ã»ã«ãžã¥ãŒã¯æã®ã¢ãããã»ãµã³ãžã£ã«ããšã«ãã©ã³ã«çžåœããå°å(仿¥ã®ã€ã©ã³ã®ã³ã«ãã¹ã¿ã³å·ãšã»ãŒäžèŽ)ã«èšçœ®ããå·ã®ååãšããŠãåããŠäœ¿ãããã
ç¹å®ã®ã¯ã«ã人ã®éœåžã§ã¯ãéœåžéèœã¯å
岿代ã«ããã®ãŒãããšãã§ãããç¹ã«ããã©ã³ã·ã£ãŒã«ã«ã¯çŽ8,000幎åã®éœåžéèœãããããšã«ãã«ã«ã¯çŽ6,000幎åã®éœåžéèœãããã
çŽå
å3000幎é ãã·ã¥ã¡ãŒã«ã®æ¥åœ¢æåã®ç²åæ¿ã«"Kar-da"ãªããã¯"Qar-da"ãšåŒã°ããåå°ã®ååãçŸããããŽããããªãŒã»ããŒã«ãºã»ãã©ã€ãŽã¡ãŒ(è±èªç)ã¯ããããã¯ã«ããã®æãåæã®åœ¢ã§ãããšç€ºåããŠããããã®èª¬ã«å£ããªãã°ããããæãæ©ãã¯ã«ãã«é¢ããèšé²ãšãªãã
仿¥ãã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ãšããŠç¥ãããŠããå°åã¯ãã«ã·ã¢(ã€ã©ã³)ãšã¡ãœãã¿ãã¢ã®éããŽã¡ã³æ¹ã®åãšåæ±ã®é«å±±å°åã®ããšã§ãããããã¯ãã¯ã»ããã³ã®æä»£ä»¥åããã¯ã«ãäººãæ¯é
ããŠãããã«ã«ãã¥ã(è±èªç)(è±: Carduchi, Cardyene, Cordyene, åž: ÎαÏΎοÏÏοι)ã®åã§ç¥ãããåœãååšããã
å€ä»£ããŒãã¯ãã®çµ¶é æã«ãã¯ã«ã人ãäœãã§ããåºå€§ãªå°åãç¹ã«äžæ±ã®è¥¿ãšåã®ã¯ã«ã人å°åãæ¯é
ãããã«ã«ãã¥ã(è±èªç)ã®ãããªã¯ã«ã人çåœã¯ãããŒãåžåœã®å°å»ºå·ãšãªã£ãŠãããçŽå
å189幎ãã384幎ãå€ä»£ã«ã«ãã¥ãã¯åã¡ãœãã¿ãã¢ãæ¯é
ããããã®çåœã¯ãã£ã°ã©ãã»ã«ã¿ (Tigranocerta) ã®æ±ã«ååšããããã«ã³ã®åæ±ã«ãã仿¥ã®ãã£ã€ã«ãã¯ã«ã®æ±åŽããã³ååŽã«çžåœãããã«ã«ãã¥ãã¯ãçŽå
å66幎ã«ããŒãå
±ååœã®å°å»ºå·ãšãªãã384幎ãŸã§ããŒããšåçç¶æ
ã«ãã£ãã
ãã¯ã«ãã®å°ãã®èªãåæã®èšé²ã«çŸããäžäŸãšããŠãã·ãªã¢èªã§ã®ããªã¹ãæã®æç« ãããããã®æç« ã¯äžæ±ã§ã®èã¢ããã£ã·ã§(è±èªç)ã®æ§ãªããªã¹ãæã®èè
ãèšè¿°ããŠããããµãŒãµãŒã³æã®ãã«ãºãã³ãã¢ããã£ã·ã§ã«åºèº«ã®å°ãèããéã«ã圌ã¯äž¡èŠªãã¢ãã·ãªã¢ã®æãã¶ (Hazza) ã®åºèº«ã§ãããšçããããããã䞡芪ã¯ç°æåŸã«ãããã¶ãã远ãåºãããã¿ããã³ (Tamanon) ã«å®äœãããããã¯ãã¢ããã£ã·ã§ã«ãããšãã¯ã«ãã®å°ãã§ãã£ãããã®æã¯ãçŸåšã®ã€ã©ã¯ãšãã«ã³ã®åœå¢ã®åãçŸåšã®ã¢ã«ããŒã«ã®å西12kmã«ååšãããåãæç« ã®ä»ã®éšåã§ã¯ãããŒã«å·å°åããã¯ã«ãã®å°ããšèšèŒãããŠããã
10äžçŽåŸåãå°åã«ã¯5ã€ã®å°æ¹çæãæç«ãããååŽãã·ã£ãããŒãæ(951幎 - 1174幎:ã¢ã«ã¡ãã¢ãšã¢ãã©ãŒã³ã®äžéš)ãšãã©ã¯ãŒãæ(è±èªç)(955幎 - 1221幎:ã¿ããªãŒãºãšãã©ãŒã²ä»è¿)ã«ãæ±åŽãããµãã¯ã€ãæ(è±èªç)(959幎 - 1015幎)ãšã¢ããŒãºæ(è±èªç)(990幎 - 1116幎:ãã«ã¯ãŒã³ãã±ã«ããŒã³ã·ã£ãŒãããŒãããŒã³)ã西åŽã«ãã«ã¯ãŒã³æ(è±èªç)(990幎 - 1096幎:ãã£ã€ã«ãã¯ã«)ãæ¯é
ããã
äžäžã®ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ãã€ããŒã©ããããªãã¡ã¢ããŒã«é ãšåŒã°ããåç¬ç«ãäžéšç¬ç«ã®åœå®¶éåäœã§ãã£ããéåžžããããã¯ã«ãªããã·ã£ãŒã®éæ¥çãªæ¿æ²»çã宿ç圱é¿äžã«ãã£ãããããã®ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ãŒã³ã®è«žå¢åãšè¿é£åœãšã®è€éãªé¢ä¿ã¯ã1597幎ã«ã·ã§ã¬ãããŒã³ã»ãããªãŒã¹ã£ãŒ(è±èªç) (ã¯ã«ãèª: Åerefxan Bedlîsî)ã«ããéæåŠãã·ã£ã©ãããŒã¡(è±èªç)ãã«èšèŒãããŠãããããç¥ãããŠããã¯ã«ãç³»ã¢ããŒã«é ã¯ã仿¥ã®ã€ã©ã¯ã®ããã³ããœã©ã³(è±èªç)ããããã£ãã³(è±èªç)ãã²ã«ãã€ã³(è±èªç)ããã«ã³ã®ãã¯ã©ã³ãããã¿ã³(è±èªç)ããããªãŒã¹(è±èªç)ãã€ã©ã³ã®ã ã¯ãªã€ã³(è±èªç)ããšã«ãã©ã³(è±èªç)ã«çžåœããã
16äžçŽã«ãã¯ã«ã人å±
äœåºã¯ãé·ãæŠãã®åŸãµãã¡ãŽã£ãŒæãšãªã¹ãã³åžåœã«åå²ããããã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ã«å¯Ÿããæåã®éèŠãªåå²ã¯1514幎ã®ãã£ã«ãã£ã©ãŒã³ã®æŠãã®åŸã«è¡ããã1639幎ã®ãºããŒãæ¡çŽ(è±èªç)ã«ããå
¬åŒã®ãã®ãšãªã£ããç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåã«ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ã®ã¯ã«ã人ã¯ãªã¹ãã³åžåœå
ã®ã¯ã«ãå·ã«äœãã§ããããªã¹ãã³åžåœã®è§£äœåŸãé£ååœã¯æ§ãªã¹ãã³é ã®ãã®å°åãåå²ãè€æ°ã®åœãäœãåæãšèšç»ãè¡ã£ãŠãããæ¹åãããªãã£ãã»ãŒãŽã«æ¡çŽã«åºã¥ãããã¢ã«ã¡ãã¢æ²¿ãã«ããã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ããã®äžã€ã§ãã£ããããããã±ãã«ã»ã¢ã¿ãã¥ã«ã¯ã«ããã¢ãããªã¢æ±éšã®åå é ãä»ã®å·®ãè¿«ã£ãåé¡ããé£ååœã«ãã«ã³ãšã®å亀æžãèªãããããçµæãããŒã¶ã³ãæ¡çŽã«ãããçŸåšã®ãã«ã³å
±ååœã®åœå¢ã®å€§éšåã確å®ããããããã«ããã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ã®ç¬ç«ã®æ©äŒã¯å€±ããããã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ã®ä»ã®é åã¯ãäž¡æ¡çŽã«ãããŠãã€ã®ãªã¹ãšãã©ã³ã¹ã«ããå§ä»»çµ±æ²»é (ã€ã©ã¯ãšã·ãªã¢)ã®å
éšã«äœµåãããã
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸãã«ããã 1945幎ã®ãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³äŒè°ã«ãããŠãã¯ã«ã人ã®ä»£è¡šå£ã¯ãã¯ã«ã人ã䞻匵ããã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ã®å°ççãªç¯å²ã瀺ããããã®ææ¡ã§ã¯ãå°åã¯ã¢ããè¿ãã®å°äžæµ·ã®æµ·å²žãããããŒã·ã§ãã«è¿ãã®ãã«ã·ã¢æ¹Ÿã®æµ·å²žãŸã§åºãã£ãŠãããããã«ã¯ãã¶ã°ãã¹å±±èã®åã®å±
äœåºã§ããã«ã¢ãå«ãŸããŠããã
ç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã¯ãµã€ã¯ã¹ã»ãã³åå®ãåºæ¬ãšããåœéåå®ã«ããã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ããã€ãã®åœã«åå²ãããããããã®åœã«ãããŠã¯ã«ã人ã¯å°æ°æŽŸã§ãããã¯ã«ã人å士ã¯åœå¢ãè¶ããåŸæ¥ããããããã¯å¯è²¿æããããããã®åœã«ãããŠèªæ²»æš©æ¡å€§ãç¬ç«ãæ±ããŠã®æ¿æ²»æŽ»åã»è»äºè¡åãå«ãããã«ã³ã¯åœå€ã«æ ç¹ã眮ãã¯ã«ã人å¢åãžã®è¶å¢æ»æãè¡ã£ãŠããã
1946幎1æãã€ã©ã³è¥¿éšã®ã¯ã«ã人ã¯ãœããšãé£éŠã®æ¯æŽãåŸãŠãããŒããŒãå
±ååœãæš¹ç«ããããå幎äžã«ç¬ç«ãèªããªãã€ã©ã³æ¿åºã®çæ»ã«ããçŠè§£ãããããã«ããã€ã©ã³åœå
ã®ã¯ã«ã人ã匟å§ãããããã«ãªã£ããã1978幎ãŸã§ã«ã€ã©ã³é©åœã®æ©éãé«ãŸããšããã«ä¹ããã€ã©ã³ã»ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³æ°äž»å
ãäžå¿ã«èªæ²»æš©ã®ç²åŸãç®æããã ãããé©åœåŸã®ãã¡ã€ãæ¿æš©ã¯ã€ã©ã³ã»ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³æ°äž»å
ãéåæ³åããŠåŒŸå§ãã€ã©ã³ã»ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³æ°äž»å
ã¯ã±ã«ããŒã³ã·ã£ãŒå·ã®éœåžã西ã¢ãŒã¶ã«ããŒã€ãžã£ãŒã³å·ã®ãããŒããŒããå æ ããŠå¯Ÿæããããã€ã©ã³æ¿åºè»ãšé©åœé²è¡éã®çæ»ã«ãã1979幎9æ3æ¥ãŸã§ã«å¶å§ãããã
1991å¹Žã®æ¹Ÿå²žæŠäºã®çµçµæãé£ååœã¯åã€ã©ã¯ã«å®å
šå°åãåµèšãããã€ã©ã¯è»ãåéšã®3ã€ã®çããæ€åããéã«ãã€ã©ã¯ã®ã¯ã«ãã£ã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ã€ã©ã¯å
éšã®èªæ²»å¢åãšããŠæµ®äžãã1992幎ã«ã¯å°æ¹æ¿åºãšè°äŒãäœãããã
ã·ãªã¢å
æŠ(2011幎~)ã«ãããŠãã¯ã«ã人æ°é²è¡éãäž»äœãšããã·ãªã¢æ°äž»è»ãã·ãªã¢ã®äžéšãæ¯é
ããŠããã
ã¯ã«ã人#åèæç®ãåç
§
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3
|
6,219 |
æŠèµåœ
|
æŠèµåœ(ãããã®ãã«ãæ§åäœ: æŠèå)ã¯ããã€ãŠæ¥æ¬ã®å°æ¹è¡æ¿åºåã§ãã£ã什å¶åœã®äžã€ãæ±å±±éã®ã¡æ±æµ·éã«å±ããçŸåšã®æ±äº¬éœãšåŒççåã³ç¥å¥å·çã®å·åŽåžã暪æµåžã«ãããã
ãæŠèµãã®åã®èµ·æºã¯è«žèª¬å±ããããŠãããã®ã®ããããã®èª¬ãæ ¹æ ãšãªãè³æã«æ¬ ãå®èª¬ãšãªãã«ã¯è³ã£ãŠããªãã
æŠèµåœé (æ éªå¿åœé )ã®ç¥å
ã«ã¯èº«çè³åœ(ããã¿ã¿ã®ã¿ããš)ããããæŠèµåœæ±éšãæ¯é
ãããšèããããŠããã
æ¬å±
宣é·ã¯ãå€äºèšäŒãã®äžã§ãæŠèµåœã¯é§¿æ²³ã»çžæš¡ãšå
±ã«äœæ¯åœ(ãã-)ãšåŒã°ããåŸã«äœæ¯äž(ãããã¿)äžäœæ¯(ãããã)ã«åãããããã転èšãçžæš¡ã»æŠèµãšãªã£ãããšããè³èçæ·µã¯ãåèšæ ãã«ã身ç(ãã)åœããããã®ã¡èº«çäž(ãããã¿)ã»èº«çäž(ãããã)ã«åãããŠçžæš¡ãæŠèµãšãªã£ãããšå±ããŠãããããã«è¿è€è³æš¹ãéžè·¯å»Œèšããªã©ãç·åœ(ãµã-)ã®äžéšãåå²ããç·äž(ãµããã¿)ã»ç·äž(ãµããã)ãšãªããããããçžæš¡ã»æŠèµãšãªã£ãããšãã説ãããããããã®èª¬ã¯æŠèµåœãšã®ã¡ã®æ±æµ·éã®è«žåœã®é¢ããã説ãã
衚èšã«ã€ããŠã¯ãé£é³¥äº¬ã»è€åå®®æšç°¡ã«ãæ è¶å¿åœ(ããã-)ããšèŠãã7äžçŽé ãŸã§ã¯ãæ å°å¿ã(ããã)ããçå°å¿ã(ããã)ãšè¡šèšãããŠããèšé²ãèŠã€ãã£ãŠãããä»ã«ããçäœå¿(ããã)ãããç¡éªå¿(ããã)ãããæ éªå¿ãããèžåºããšãã£ã衚èšãããããããããèšã«åãåœãŠããã®ãšèããããŠããã
ãæŠèµãã®è¡šèšã¯ããã®åŸãæ éªå¿åœ(æŠèµåœæ±éš)ãšç¥ã
倫åœ(æŠèµåœè¥¿éš:ç§©ç¶å°æ¹)ãšãå䜵ã什å¶åœãšããŠã®æŠèµåœçºè¶³ã®é ã«äœãããã
ããšã¯æ éªå¿åœé (èžåºåœé ãå¥åã«èãã説ããã)ãšç¥ã
倫åœé ãšãã2ã€ãããã¯3ã€ã®åœé ãååšããã6äžçŽã«ã¯åŒççè¡ç°åžãæ¬æ å°ãšããç¬ åçŽãæŠèµåœé ã®ä¹±ã«åå©ãããã®åŸã«ç¬ åçŽãåœé ãäžè¥²ããããšãšãªã£ãããããã®åœé ã®é åãåã7äžçŽã«æŠèµåœãæç«ãããšãããã倧åå
幎(645幎)ã«é£æ³¢å®®ã§å€§åã®æ¹æ°ãè¡ããç©ç©åãªã©ãæ±åœåœåžã«ä»»ããã(æŠèµåœåžãåç
§)ããŸãæçµ±å€©ç4幎(690幎)ãæå»·ã¯æ°çŸ
ããã®äº¡åœè
ã§åž°åããé奿«èš±æºã12åãæŠèµåœã«ç§»ããã倧å®3幎(703幎)ã«ã¯ãåŒç°ç¥ç¶ãæŠèµåœå®ã«ä»»ãããããæ
¶é²5幎(708幎)ã«ã¯ãç§©ç¶é¡ã§åé
(粟é¬ã®å¿
èŠã®ç¡ãèªç¶é
)ãçºèŠããããããæå»·ã¯æ
¶äºãšããŠãã®å¹Žããåé
ããšæ¹å
ããã
åé
3幎(710幎)é ã«ãæŠèµåœé ã®ä¹±ã§ç®äžããã倿°·å±¯åå
ã®çŸåšã®æ±äº¬éœåºäžåžã«åœåºã眮ããããããã¯ãæ¯èŒçæ©ããã屯åãèšçœ®ããããŸã亀éã»ç£æ¥äžã®éèŠåºŠã次第ã«å¢ãå§ããæŠèµåœåéšã®çå·äžæµåã«é¢ããç¹ã§ãéžã°ãããšèãããããéèŠãªæž¯ã¯æ±äº¬æ¹Ÿã«é¢ããåå·æ¹(ç®é»å·æ²³å£)ãæµ
èæ¹(é
ç°å·æ²³å£)ã ã£ãã
æŠèµåœã¯åéšãåœé ã®æ¬æ å°(æ§åŒçæä»è¿)ã ã£ããªã©ãæŽå²çã«æ¯éåœãšãé¢ä¿ãæ·±ããåœåã¯åããæ±å±±éã«å±ãããæ±å±±éã¯ç¿å
ããæ¯éåœãçµãŠéžå¥¥åœãžè³ãå¹¹ç·ã ã£ãããããåœåºã®åºäžã¯ãã®å¹¹ç·ããé¢ããŠããããã«ãæ°ç°ã»è¶³å©ããäŒžã³æŠèµåœãã»ãŒçžŠæããæ¯ç·ã§ããæ±å±±éæŠèµè·¯ãèšããããããã®åŸãæŠèµåœã¯ãã®åéšã«ãããŠçžæš¡åœåã³æ±äº¬æ¹Ÿãçµç±ããåŸæ¥ãæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«æŽ»çºãšãªããå®äº2幎(771幎)10æ27æ¥ã«æ±æµ·éã«ç§»ç®¡ãããçžæš¡åœã»æŠèµåœã»äžç·åœãçµã¶éžè·¯ãæŽåããããç¥è·æ¯é²2幎ã«å
šåœããåè¡ã®è
ãéžã°ãçµèº«ã®çšãå
ãããããåæ§ã«å®äº3幎ã«å
¥éé¡ã®äººã§ç¢ç°éšé»éº»åãåé€ãçç±ã«çµèº«ã®ç°ç§ãå
ããããŠããã
平宿代ã®å»¶é·5幎(927幎)ã«å®æããå»¶ååŒã«ãããšãå®å¶ã«ãã4ã€ã®å
æšç§ã眮ãããããããã¯æå»·ã«æ¯å¹Ž50é ã®è¯éЬãçŽããŠããããã®åŸãå
æšç§ã¯å¢èšããããäžå€®ããè»äºè²Žæã掟é£ãããåšåºå®äººãå®åãæ
ã£ãã忱平æ°ã颿±äžåã«åºãã£ãŠãã£ãã
æäºãå°ãªããªãã倩æ
¶2幎(939幎)ã®æºçµåºãšæŠèµæŠèã®äºãã¯æ¿å¹³å€©æ
¶ã®ä¹±ã®é å ãšãªã£ããšãããããã
ãã®åŸãç§ã®ç®¡çè
ã®äžããç§©ç¶æ°ãèµ·ãããå°éå§æšªå±±å
暪山æ°ãªã©æŠèµäžå
ãšèšãããåæçãªæŠå£«å£ãçãŸã岿 ããã圌ãã¯éåå¹åºæç«ã«è²¢ç®ããå¹åºãæ¯ãããæŠèµåœåº(æ±äº¬éœåºäžåž)ã¯éèŠãªæ ç¹ãšããŠååšããéåè¡éãæ·èšããããæ±äº¬éœå
ã¯çŸåšãäž»èŠéãšããŠååšããç¥å¥å·åŽã¯æ§éãšããŠååšãåé¢ãéåã«æ¿æš©ã眮ããããšãå°å
ã®æåå¢åã¯æé€ãããå颿±(çŸç¥å¥å·çã»åèçäžåéšã»æ±äº¬éœ)ã¯æ¿æš©ã®ãèå
(颿±åŸ¡ååœ)ãšããŠåç·šãããŠãã£ããåšèŸºã®åœã
ã§ã¯äžç·æ°ãäžæµŠæ°(åç°æ°)ãªã©æååšåºå®äººãæ»
亡ãããæŠèµåœã§ãæ¯äŒæ°ãç å±±æ°ãæ»
ãŒããããç§©ç¶æ°ã®åã¯è¡°ããåæ¡æ°åŸå®ã宿š©ãæ¡ã£ãã
ãã®æ
æ³ã¯ã宀çºãæŠåœæã«ãªã£ãŠãå€ãããªãã£ããå®€çºæä»£ãéåã«ã¯éååºã眮ããããæ²³è¶æ°ã¯æŠèµå¹³äžæã®ä¹±ã§åã倱ããæŠèµåœã®å®æš©ã¯é¢æ±ç®¡é äžææ°ãæ¡ã£ããæŠèµåœã®äžå°æŠå£«å£ã¯æŠå·åäžæãåäžæãçµæãããæŠèµåœã®å®è·è·ã¯é¢æ±ç®¡é ã®å
Œåž¯ãšãããŠãããã宿
ã«ãããŠã¯éåå
¬æ¹ãå®è·ãšããéååºã®åŸ¡ææã§é¢æ±ç®¡é ã¯å®è·ä»£ã«çžåœãããã£ããšããè©äŸ¡ããã(倿²³å
¬æ¹ã®æç«åŸã¯éååºã®åŸ¡ææãšããŠã®å®æ
ãåªå€±ããŠåå®ãšãã«é¢æ±ç®¡é ãå®è·è·ãšãªãã)ã
ãã®åŸé¢æ±ã§ã¯å®€çºå¹åºãšéååºã®å¯Ÿç«ãéååºãšé¢æ±ç®¡é ã®å¯Ÿç«ãæè°·äžæå®¶ãšå±±å
äžæå®¶ã®å¯Ÿç«ãäž¡äžæå®¶ãšå®¶å®°(倪ç°éçãé·å°Ÿæ¯æ¥)ã®å¯Ÿç«ãç¶ãããäžæçŠ
ç§ã®ä¹±ã氞享ã®ä¹±ã享埳ã®ä¹±ãé·å°Ÿæ¯æ¥ã®ä¹±ãé·äº«ã®ä¹±ãªã©ã®æŠä¹±ãèµ·ãããäŒçµ±çãªè±ªæå±€ãæ¯é
ããå颿±ããæŠèµåœã®åœåºã§ããæ±äº¬éœåºäžåžãéã£ãŠéåã«æããéåè¡éã¯ãã°ãã°æŠå Žã«ãªã£ããåºäžåžã®ååæ²³åã®åæŠçå€ãã®æŽå²ç¢ãšæç®ãæ®ã£ãŠãããæŠèµåœã¯å
浊ãåå·æ¹ãªã©ã®æ¹ãæ±ãã西åœãå
éžéšã«åºãããå
æµ·ãã§ã®äº€æã掻çºã«è¡ã£ãŠããã
æŠåœæä»£åŸæããåŸåæ¡æ°ã倧ããªå¢åãæ¯ããããã«ãªã£ãã1546幎(倩æ15幎)ãæ²³è¶åã®æŠãã«åå©ãèŠæš©ã確ç«ããããã®åŸæ ç¹åãšããŠå±±åããæ±æžåãæ²³è¶åã岩ä»åãé¢åœ¢åãæ»å±±å(åŸã®å
«çåå)ãå°æºåãªã©ã«è»äºæ ç¹ã眮ãããã1590幎(倩æ£18幎)ãè±è£ç§åã«ããå°ç°ååŸäŒã§åŸåæ¡æ°ãæ»
亡ã以åŸåŸ³å·å®¶åº·ã颿±ã«ç§»ããå±±åã§ã¯ç¡ã倩å®é£ä»ãã®å±
åãç¯åããã
æ±æžå¹åºéåºä»¥åŸã¯åŸ³å·æ¿æš©ã®ãèå
ãšãªããæ¥æ¬æ¿æ²»ã®äžå¿å°ãšãªã£ãããŸããæŠèµäžè©ããšåŒã°ããå·è¶è©ãå¿è©ã岩槻è©ã眮ããæ±æžã®é²è¡ãšããŠéè£ãé
ãããã1594幎(æçŠ3幎)ã«å©æ ¹å·æ±é·äºæ¥ãå§ãŸã£ããè¿äžåæ(1683幎(倩å3幎)ãŸãäžèª¬ã«ããã°å¯æ°žå¹Žé(1624幎-1645幎))ã«ãäžç·åœè食é¡ãããã®äžéšãããªãã¡å€§èœå€å©æ ¹å·ã»é
ç°å·ãã婿 ¹å·(çŸåšã®æš©çŸå å·(è¡å¹žæ¹)ã»æ±æžå·)ãŸã§ã®å°åãããããæŠèµåœã®è食é¡ãšãããäžå·äœå°ã»æ±äº¬äœå°ã®éçºãå§ãŸã£ãã1653幎(æ¿å¿2幎)ã«ã¯çå·äžæ°Žã宿ããæŠèµéå°å°ã®éæãé²ãã ã
1853幎(åæ°ž6幎)ãé»è¹æ¥èªã«ãã£ãŠæ±æžãã¯ãããæŠèµåœæ²¿å²žã¯è
åšã«æããããå¹åºãé®å±±ä»£å®æã¯å±æ©æã匷ããåå·æ²ã«ãå°å Žã建èšãã倿©é¡ãªã©ã§èŸ²å
µéãç·šæãããå
«çåå人åå¿ã«å£è¡ã»åŠåãæãããã®ããããè¿è€åãªã©ãæ°æ°çµã®äžæ žãæ
ã£ãã1854幎(åæ°ž7幎)ãæŠèµåœç¥å¥å·ã®æšªæµæã§æ¥ç±³å芪æ¡çŽãç· çµãããã
ææ²»ç¶æ°ãšããã«ç¶ãæ±äº¬å¥ éœã«ãã£ãŠéŠéœæ©èœãå±±ååœã®å¹³å®äº¬(京éœ)ãããæŠèµåœã®æ±äº¬(æ§æ±æž)ã«é·ãããã 埳å·å®¶ã®éèŠå°ã§åšã£ãäºãããææ²»ç¶æ°æã®å»è©çœ®çã§ã¯è¡æ¿åºåã现ååãããéŠéœã§ãã£ãåœåºã®æ±äº¬éœåºäžåžã¯äœåºŠãé
çœ®çæ¿ããåå²ã«éã£ãããæçµçã«ã¯æ±æžãšå
±ã«æ±äº¬éœãæ§æããæŠèµåœã¯å€§ããåããŠæ±äº¬éœãåŒççåã³ç¥å¥å·ç(å·åŽåžãšæšªæµåžã®å€§éšå)ã«åå²ãããã
现ãã管èœåºåã®å€æŽã¯åé¡ã®é
ç®ãåç
§ã
å
šåœã§æãåœåºåã®å®æ
ãæããã«ãªã£ãŠããã æ¬æ Œçã«èå€åŠã®çºæææ³ãå°å
¥ãããããæä¹
çãªçºæèª¿æ»äœå¶ãããªãã仿¥ã®åžè¡å°ãšéè€ããéºè·¡ãçµ¶ãéãªã建ç¯ç©éçºåçºæèª¿æ»ãèããŠããããããç¶²çŸ
çãªèª¿æ»ã¯å
šåœã«ãäŸããªããæŠèµåœåºã®æ
å ±ã¯ãå€ä»£åœåºç ç©¶ã§å€§åãªäœçœ®ãå ããŠãããã1750ã«æãè¶
ããçºæèª¿æ»ã«ãã4000æ£ãè¶
ãã竪穎建ç©ãçºèŠãããŠãããåœåºåã¯äžç·åœåºãäžéåœåºãšç°ãªãåœå寺ãåãå²ãã§ããªãã£ããåœåºé¢é£éºè·¡ã¯ãæ±è¥¿çŽ6.5kmãååçŽ1.8kmã®ç¯å²ã«åãã§ããã
å»¶ååŒå
瀟
ç·ç€Ÿã»äžå®®ä»¥äž
äžå®®ã»äžå®®ã«é¢ããè°è«
äžå®®ä»¥äžã«ã€ããŠã¯è«žèª¬ããããç¥ééã以å€ã®æç®ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã
ããããåºã«ãå®€çºæä»£ä»¥éã«æ°·å·ç¥ç€Ÿãå°éç¥ç€Ÿã«æ¿ãã£ãŠäžå®®ã®å°äœã確ç«ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšãã説ãããå»¶ååŒç¥ååž³ãã«ãæ°·å·ç¥ç€Ÿ:åç¥å€§ç€Ÿãå°éç¥ç€Ÿ:å°ç€Ÿããšããããšãããå¹³å®äžæããæ°·å·ç¥ç€Ÿãäžäœã«ãããšãã説ãããããããçŸåšã®ãšãããæ°·å·ç¥ç€Ÿãäžå®®ãšãã岿ã¯äžäžãŸã§ã®éã§ã¯èŠã€ãã£ãŠããªãã
ç·ç€Ÿã®å€§åéç¥ç€Ÿ(å
æå®®)ã§ã¯ããç¥ééã(å忿代)ã«èšèŒããããæŠå·å
倧æç¥ããåºã«ããŠã
ãå
¬åŒãšããŠããã
é£é³¥æä»£
平宿代
æŠèµåœã«ã¯22é¡ã眮ããããéžå¥¥åœã®40é¡ã«æ¬¡ãã§å€ãã
æ±æžæä»£åŸæã®æåã»ææ¿æã«å¹åºæ¹¯å³¶èå å°çå±ã«ããäºæ¥ãšããŠç·šçºãããå°èªã§ãããæ°ç·šæŠèµé¢šåèšçš¿ã(1830å¹Žãææ¿13幎ã宿)ã§ã¯ãåœåœå
ã®åæãé¡ããšã«ãããã«é ãšããåºç»ã«åããŠèšèŒããŠããããããã®é ã®ãã¡ã®å€ãã¯è€æ°ã®é¡ã«ãŸããã£ãåºãããæã¡ãé¡ãšã¯å¥åã«èšããããåºç»ã§ãããšèããããã
ãé ããšããåºç»ã®æç«éçšã圹å²ã«ã€ããŠæ°ç·šæŠèµé¢šåèšçš¿ã¯ç¹ã«èšè¿°ããŠãããããŸããæ±æžæä»£ãéããŠå®éã®æ¯é
ãè¡æ¿ã®åäœãšããŠçšããããããšããªãããåœåœå
ã®å°ååºååäœãšããŠã¯çšããããŠããããã§ãããå·åŽåžã®äºã¶é çšæ°Ž(çš²æ¯é ãšå·åŽé ã«ãŸããã)ã®ãããªçšäŸãããããŸããåŒççã®æ§åè¶³ç«é¡åã§ã¯ããææé 蟻ã(ããããŸåžè¥¿åº)ã»ãåéšé 蟻ã(ããããŸåžç·åº)ããææé 奿ã(ããããŸåžè¥¿åº)ããå¹³æ¹é é å®¶ã(ããããŸåžè¥¿åºãäžå°Ÿåž)ããå®è¡é åšå®¶ã(å·å£åž)ããå®è¡é æ ¹å²žã(å·å£åž)ãªã©ã®ããã«åäžé¡å
ã®æã®åååé¿ã®ããã«é åãå ç§°ããããšã«ç±æ¥ãããšèŠãããçºåãçŸåšãçšããããŠããã
以äžãæ°ç·šæŠèµé¢šåèšçš¿ã«èŠãããé åãåæããåé ã«æå±ããçºææ°ãé¡ããšã«èšèŒãã(çºææ°ã¯æ°ç·šæŠèµé¢šåèšçš¿äžãåé¡ã®ãé¡å³ç·èª¬ãã«ããããŸããé åã»é¡åã®è¡šèšãæ°ç·šæŠèµé¢šåèšçš¿ã«ãã)ã
æ°ç·šæŠèµé¢šåèšçš¿ã§ã¯åœåœå
ã®ã»ãšãã©ã®çºæãäžèšåé ã®ããããã«ã«ããŽã©ã€ãºããŠèšèŒãããŠãããããæŠèµéæ°ç°ããšããŠé ãšã¯å¥åã®ã°ã«ãŒãã«ãŸãšããããã(å€ç£šé¡ 40ãæ°åº§é¡ 4ãå
¥éé¡ 19ãé«éºé¡ 19)ããé åæªå(äžæ)ããšããŠèšèŒãããŠãããã®ã倿°ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E8%94%B5%E5%9B%BD
|
6,222 |
äžèº«
|
äžèº«(ããŸã㯠ãããããæ¢µ: trikÄya)ã¯ã倧ä¹ä»æã«ããããä»ã®3çš®é¡ã®èº«ã®ããæ¹(æ³èº«ã»å ±èº«ã»å¿èº«)ã§ãä»èº«èгã®äžçš®ã§ãããäžèº«èª¬ã
ãåå°çµè«ãå·»3ã«ã¯ãäžåã®ä»ã«äžçš®ã®ä»ãããäžã«å¿èº«ä»ãäºã«å ±èº«ä»ãäžã«æ³èº«ä»ãªãããšãããéåžžã¯ãã®äžèº«èª¬ãããçšããããã
察å¿é¢ä¿ã衚ããšæ¬¡ã®éãã
äžèº«ãå
·çŸããŠããããšããäžèº«å³äžããããã¯äžèº«åæºãªã©ãšããã
4äžçŽé ãŸã§ã®äžæå€§ä¹ä»æã§ã¯ãæ³èº«(æ°žé 身)ãšè²èº«(çŸå®èº«ãšã)ã®äºèº«èª¬ã ãã§ãã£ããã5äžçŽé ãŸã§ã«ã¯ãã®æ¬è³ªæ°žé æ§ãšçŸå®å³å¿ã®é¢é£ã¥ããããªãã¡çµ±äžãåé¡ãšãªãããããä»èº«è«ã«åã³ãæ³èº«ãšè²èº«(å¿èº«)ãåããå ±èº«ãç«ãŠãããäžèº«èª¬ãæç«ãããäžåœãæ¥æ¬ã®ä»æã§ã¯ããã®äžèº«ã®ã©ãã衚ãšããŠç«ãŠããã§è°è«ãèµ·ãã£ãã ãããåŸã«ä»ã®èº«ã¯æ¬æ¥åãã€ã¹ãã§ãªããã©ããå
·ãã£ãŠãããšèããããããã«ãªããäžèº«å³äžèº«(äžèº«å³äžãªã©ãšã)ãšãã説ãç«ãŠãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%BA%AB
|
6,223 |
ä»èº«
|
ä»èº« (ã¶ã£ãããSkt:buddha-kaayaãà€¬à¥à€Šà¥à€§ à€à€Ÿà€¯)ãšã¯ãä»ã®å§¿ãããã
é迊ã®å
¥æ»
ãšããçŸå®ã¯ãåŒåãã¡ã®éã«ããããã®åé¡ãæèµ·ãããããã®äžã§ããä»ã®èº«äœãã©ãèããããšããããšã¯ãäžã€ã®å€§ããªåé¡ã§ãã£ããããªãã¡ãäººæ Œä¿¡ä»°ã®åé¡ã§ããã
é迊åšäžäžã¯ãçŸåã«æããéããä»ãç身ãšããŠååšããŠããããã人ã
ã¯ãã®ä»ã«èãããã«å¯ŸåŠã§ãããåŒåéã¯ãã®ç身(ãªãŸã¿)ã®é迊ã«é Œã£ãŠçããŠããããã®ãããªäººã
ã«å¯ŸããŠãé迊ã¯åšäžäžããã°ãã°ãè身ããã£ãä»ã«ããã£ãŠã¯ãªããªãããä»ã¯æ³ãããšã£ããã®ã§ãããããæ³ããçå®ã®ããã©ããã§ããããšåŒåãã¡ãããšããŠãããããããçŒåã«ä»ãèŠãŠãã人ã
ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ãçå±ã¬ãã«ããŠããã®ä»ã«é Œãããšã¯ä»æ¹ã®ãªãããšã§ãããé迊ã®å
¥æ»
ãšããäºå®ã¯ã倧ããªåé¡ãåŒåãã¡ã®éã«æ¹ãããããã®ã§ããã
ãã®å
¥æ»
ã®äºå®ãèŠãŠãåŒåãã¡ã¯åšäžäžã®é迊ã®èšèãæ³ãããã©ãããšããããæ¹ããŠèããããšãšãªã£ããããã§ãéè¿Šã®æãããæ³ããéããŠé迊èªèº«(ä»)ãã¿ãããšããããæ³ããéããèªãããæãã®äžã«è身ã®ä»ãã¿ãããšããã®ã§ãããããã§ãŸããããããã®ããé迊ã®çããŠããããçŸå®ã®èº«ç身(ããããã)ã«å¯ŸããŠäžæ»
ã®èº«ã§ããæ³èº«(ã»ã£ãã)ãæ±ãããããããäºèº«èª¬ãšããŠãããããããã®æããã§ã«ãæ³èº«ããæ°žé äžæ»
ã®èº«ã§ãããçŸå®ã®ãç身ãã¯äººã
ãæãããã«äººéã«å¿ããŠçŸããããå¿èº«ãã§ãããšèããããã
ãã®å Žåãæ³èº«(dharmaâkaayaãà€§à€°à¥à€® à€à€Ÿà€¯)ã¯å®å®çäžè¬è
ãšã§ããããããããªãæ³ããã®ãã®ãæå³ããåŸã«ã¯ãçæ³èº«ããšãããããããªãã®ã§ãå®å®èº«ãšããŠã®éçãã®ãã®ãççãã®ãã®ã§ãããšèããããããã®ãããªæ³ãå
·äœçãªæŽ»åæ
ãšããŠãããããã®ãå¿èº«(nirmaaNa-kaayaãà€šà€¿à€°à¥à€®à€Ÿà€£ à€à€Ÿà€¯)ã§ãããããã¯åŸã«ãå身ã(ããã)ãšããããããŸããå¿å身ããšãããããæ³ãå
·äœçãªå§¿ã§äººã
ãæãå°ãããã«åãå§¿ã§ããããããã£ãŠã人éãããã¯äººé以å€ãšããŠãå¿å身ã®åãã¯åºãé åã§èããããã
åŸäžãæ³èº«ã¯ãŸã£ãããçããšããŠèããããå Žé¢ãããããæ¬æ¥ã¯é迊èªèº«ãæ³ã®äžã«ã¿ãããšããåŒåãã¡ã«ãã£ãŠèŠãããä»ã§ãããããããã«ã¯å
·äœçãªããã£ãšäººæ Œçãªãã®ãèããããããããåŸã«ãæºæ³èº«ããšããããããã«ãªã£ããšæãããããã«åãªãå¿å身ã§ã¯ãªããæ³èº«ã«å³ããå¿å身ãå¿å身ã«å³ããæ³èº«ãšããŠãä»ã®çæ³åãããããããã瀌æã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšããŠå
·è±¡åããããšããæãããã«å ±èº«(ã»ããã)ãšããèãæ¹ããããããã
ãã®å ±èº«ã¯ããã®æå³ã§ææ³çã«ã¯ããªããªãäžå®ããªãã£ããããã¯ãæ³èº«ãå¿èº«ã®ãµã³ã¹ã¯ãªããèªã¯äžå®ããŠããããå ±èº«ãããããåèªã(niSyanda-buddha)(vipaaka-kaaya)(saMbhoga-kaaya)ãªã©ãšäžå®ããŠããªãããšã§ãåãããæŒ¢èš³ã®å ±èº«ã¯ãå é¡é
¬å ±ãã®ããã«ãšããããçåŠæ¬ç¶ã®åããšä¿®è¡ã®åããšã®ååã«ãã£ãŠçŸããããããšã説æãããããåèªãniSyanda-buddhaããšã¯ããã®åŠæ¥ã¯ãçŠåŸ³ã®å ããåºã§ããçµæãªãããšèª¬æãããŠãããããçŠåŸ³ã®è¡ãåå ãšãªã£ãŠèªç¶ã«ããããããçµæãšããŠã®ä»ã§ããããã®ç¹ãå é¡é
¬å ±ããšçžå¿ãããšæãããã
次ã«ãvipaaka-kaayaããšã¯ãæçãã身ããšããæå³ã§ãããé¡è¡ã宿ããŠåŸãããèº«ã®æå³ã§ããã
ãŸããsaMbhoga-kaayaããšã¯ãåçšããã身ããšããæå³ã§ã人ã
ããã®ä»ã®èº«äœãåçšããŠæä»ãããšããæå³ã§ããããã®ãããªæå³ã§å ±èº«ãšããèãããã®äžã«ããããŠãããå
·äœçã«åœ«å»ãçµµã«ããããšããŠãäžåäºçžå
«å皮奜ãªã©ã®ä»ã®çžè²ããšãšã®ããããŠãããšæãããã
ãã®ããã«ãäºèº«èª¬ã¯äžèº«èª¬ãšãªã£ããããã«ãæ³èº«ã«çãæºãåºå¥ããçæºäžäºã®æ³èº«ãšè§£éããããã®æ³èº«ãæ³ãã®ãã®ã®æå³ã§ãèªæ§èº«ã(ãããããã)ãšåŒãã ããŸããå ±èº«ãã«èªåçšãä»åçšã®äºèº«ãåºå¥ããå¿èº«ãšå身ãåºå¥ãããŸãå¿å身ãšãããªã©çš®ã
ã®èª¬ãšãªããå身説ã»äºèº«èª¬ã»å
身説ãçŸããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8F%E8%BA%AB
|
6,224 |
仿§
|
仿§(ã¶ã£ããããæ¢µ: Buddha-dhÄtu)ãšã¯ãè¡çãæã€ä»ãšããŠã®æ¬è³ªãä»ã«ãªãããã®åå ã®ããšãäž»ã«ãæ¶
æ§çµãã§èª¬ããã倧ä¹ä»æç¬ç¹ã®æçã§ãããèŠæ§(ããããã)ãšãèš³ãããã
仿ã§ã¯ããã®ä»æ§ãéçº(ããã¯ã€)ãèªç±èªåšã«çºæ®ããããšã§ãç
©æ©ãæ®ãããç¶æ
ã§ãã£ãŠãå
šãŠã®èŠãã¿ã«ç
©ããããããšãªãããŸãä»ã®è¡çã®èŠãã¿ããæã£ãŠããã墿¶¯ãéãããšãã§ãããšãããããã®ä»æ§ãé¡çŸãæå¹ã«æŽ»çšãããŠããç¶æ
ãæä»ãšåŒã³ã仿³ä¿®è¡ã®ç©¶æ¥µã®ç®çãšãããŠããã
ãæ³è¯çµãã§ã¯ãä»çš®(ã¶ã£ãã
ãæ¢µ: Buddha-gotra)ãä»ã®çš®å§ãããåé¬çµãã§ã¯ãåŠæ¥èµ(ã«ããããããæ¢µ: TathÄgata-garbha)ãªã©ãšãããŸããŸãªè¡šçŸããããããåºæ¬çã«ä»æ§ãšåãæçŸ©ã§ããããã ã仿§ã«ã¯åŠæ¥èµã®ããã«ãç
©æ©ãä»çããŠé ããŠããããšããæå³ã¯ãªãã
仿å
šäœãšããŠããã¹ãŠã®è¡çã仿§ãæã€ããšããçµ±äžèŠè§£ã¯ãªãã以äžã®ããã«å®æŽŸã«ããèŠæ¹ã¯ç°ãªã£ãŠããã
ãŸããåå§ä»æã®æä»£ã«ã¯ä»æ§ãšãã芳念ã¯ãŸã ãªãã£ãã é迊å
¥æ»
åŸãæ ¹æ¬åè£ãèµ·ããããŸã西æŠ100幎ããã«ã¯ææ«åè£(ããŸã€ã¶ããã€)ãèµ·ããã䞡掟ããããŠ20ååŸã®éšæŽŸãæç«ããããã®åœæã®éšæŽŸä»æã§ã¯ã誰ã§ããæããã®ãããããã¯äžéšã®äººããæããªãã®ãããªã©ãšããæ§ã
ãªè°è«ãèµ·ãã£ãã
éšæŽŸä»æã§ã¯ããã®ç©¢ããäžç(åšå©äžçãç©¢å)ã«çãŸããŠèŠãã¿ãåããã®ã¯ç
©æ©(æŒãå·Ž: Äsava)ã«ãããã®ã§ãããšæããåºå®¶ããŠå³ããæåŸãä¿ã€ããšã«ãã£ãŠç
©æ©ãæã¡åãé¿çŸ
挢ã«ãªãããšãç®çãšãããåå§ä»å
žä»¥æ¥ãæŒãæå°œããŠäºåºŠãšçãŸããããããšã®ãªã人ããããã§ããé¿çŸ
挢ã§ãã£ãŠãé¿çŸ
挢ã¯ãããã®å矩èªã§ãã£ãããããéšæŽŸä»æã§ã¯ããã€ããé¿çŸ
挢ãšããããšã°ã¯ããããšåºå¥ãããéå®çãªæå³ã«çšããããããã«ãªã£ããéšæŽŸä»æã®äººã
ã«ãšã£ãŠç®æšã¯é¿çŸ
挢ã§ãããæä»ããããããšã¯äžéã§ãã£ããéšæŽŸã®æéšè«æžã§ã¯ãããã®å倧ãã匷調ãããè©è©ã®ãã©ãããããžã®éã¯ããããŠç¹å¥ãªãã®ã§ãã£ãŠãå¡å€«ãç
©æ©ãæã¡ãã£ãŠé¿çŸ
挢ã«ãªãéãšã¯éçµ¶ããŠãããšãããã
ããã«å¯ŸããŠã倧ä¹ä»æã§ã¯ãé¿çŸ
挢ãå°ä¹ã®èè
ãšã¿ãªããããŸã倧ä¹ä»æã®æçã§ã¯ã誰ããæãããããšãäž»çŒã«çœ®ããåºå®¶ã¯ãã¡ããåšå®¶ã§ãæããããšèãããã誰ããä»ã«ãªããå¯èœæ§ããããšãããã€ãŸãè¡çã«ä»æ§ããããšããèã(åŠæ¥èµææ³)ãçãŸããã
仿§ã«ã€ããŠãç¹ã«ç©æ¥µçã«èª¬ããã®ã¯ãåæå€§ä¹ä»æã®çµå
žãæ³è¯çµãã§ããããã以åã®çµå
žã§ã¯æä»ã§ããªããšãããŠããéšé¡ã®è¡çã«ãäºä¹æä»ã»å¥³äººæä»ã»æªäººæä»ãªã©ã説ããããããã«ããã®åŸæç«ãããå€§è¬æ¶
æ§çµãã§ã¯ãäžåã®è¡çã«ä»æ§ãçããååšããããšäžåè¡çææä»æ§(ãã£ãããã
ããããã€ãã¶ã£ããã)ã説ãããã
ãããã©ã®ä»å
žã§ãåæ§ã«èª¬ãããããã§ã¯ãªããããã«æä»£ãäžã£ãåŸæã«æç«ãã倧ä¹çµå
žã§ãããæ³çžå®ãæäŸãšããã解深å¯çµããªã©ã§ã¯ãè¡çã«ã¯æããã«æ©æ ¹ã®å·®ããããã誰ããæä»ã§ããããã§ã¯ãªãããæ³è¯çµããäžä¹ã説ãã®ã¯èœåã®ãªãè¡çãææ¬²ããªããã®ãé²ãããã®æ¹äŸ¿ã§ããããšèª¬ããã
äžèšã®ãããªåä»å
žã®æç«ã®ååŸé¢ä¿ã倿ããã®ã¯ãè¿ä»£ã®ç§åŠçãªå²ææ¹å€ã®åŸã§ããã ãã以åã«ãããŠã¯ãä»å
žã®ååŸé¢ä¿åã³äŸ¡å€ã®è»œéã¯ãå®æŽŸçèŠç¹ã«ããæ±ºãããã(æçžå€é)ã ç¹ã«æåãªãã®ã¯ã倩å°å®ã®æºé¡ã«ããäºæå
«æã®æçžå€éã§ãããæºé¡ã«ããã°ã解深å¯çµãã¯ãæ³è¯çµãããæ¶
æ§çµããã以åã«èª¬ããããå€ãæãã§ããæ¹çéšã®çµå
žã§æš©å€§ä¹(ä»®ã«èª¬ãããæ¹äŸ¿ã®æã)ã§ããããæ³è¯çµãã«å°ãæåã®æããšãããããªãã¡ãäºæå
«æã§ã¯ã解深å¯çµããããåŸã«èª¬ããããšãããæ³è¯çµãããæ¶
æ§çµããåªå
ããäžåè¡çææä»æ§èª¬ããæ£ãããšããããã®ç¹ã§ã¯ãäžèšã®çŸä»£ã«ãããç ç©¶ã®çµæã§ããã解深å¯çµãããæ³è¯çµããããé
ãæç«ã§ãããšããèããšã¯äžèŽããŠããªãããšã«ãªãã
ããã«æ¥æ¬ã®å€©å°å®ã§ã¯ã仿§ãè¡ç(人é)ã«éãããå±±å·èæšãçé¡ãã¹ãŠã«ä»æ§ããããšããèãäžåææä»æ§(ãã£ãããã€ãã¶ã£ããã)ãŸã§ããåŸäžã«çãŸããã
æ¥æ¬ä»æã§ã¯ãå¥è¯ä»æ(æ³çžå®ç)ã¯å
šäœãšããŠæä»ãžã®éçšã¯äººã®æ©æ ¹ã«å¿ããŠéãããããšããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãå¹³å®ä»æ(倩å°å®ã»çèšå®)ã§ã¯ææä»æ§èª¬(ãã€ãã¶ã£ããããã€)ã説ããã æä»£ãäžããçŠ
å®ã»æ¥è®å®ã«ãªããšããšããã«å¥³äººãæä»ã§ãããšäž»åŒµããããã«å€åããã
ãã®ããã«ã仿§ãäžåè¡çææä»æ§ã¯ã仿å
šäœã«å
±éããæçŸ©ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããçŸåšã®æ¥æ¬ä»æã§ã¯ãæ³çžå®ãªã©ã®äžéšã®å®æŽŸãé€ãã仿§ã»äžåææä»æ§ã»åŠæ¥èµã説ãå®æŽŸãå€å¢ãå ããŠããã
ãå€§è¬æ¶
æ§çµãç
ååŒ(ããã)è©è©å(ãŒãã€ã»ã)ã«èª¬ããããã®ãæºé¡ãæŽåã確ç«ãããæä»ã®ããã®3ã€ã®èŠçŽ ãäžå 仿§ãšããã
äžå 仿§ã¯éåžžã¯æºé¡ã®èª¬ãæãå Žåãå€ãããäžèŠªã®ãæå€§ä¹è«ããã仿§è«ãã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®3ã€ã説ãããããäžå 仿§ãšããå Žåãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8F%E6%80%A7
|
6,225 |
森çŸ
äžè±¡
|
森çŸ
äžè±¡(ãããã°ããããããããã°ããããããããŸããã)ã¯ãããããçŸè±¡ãå®å®ã«ååšããäžåã®ãã®ããæ£®çŸ
ãã¯æš¹æšãéããªãèã䞊ã¶ããšã§ããããäžè±¡ãã¯äžç©ãããããçŸè±¡ããªãããå®å®ãã¯ããããååšç©ãå
容ããç¡éã®ç©ºéãšæéã®åºãããåã³å®å®ç©ºéãæãã
ããªã¹ãæåŸã§ããã€ãšãºã¹äŒã¯ãã埡䞻ããŠã¹æ£®çŸ
äžè±¡ã²ãã¯ãªã¿ããŠããšãæ¥è¡èŸæžãã§èšãã(ããŠã¹ã¯ç¥ãåµé äž»ã®æ)ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E7%BE%85%E4%B8%87%E8%B1%A1
|
6,226 |
äžæ³å°
|
äžæ³å°(ãããŒããã)ã¯ã仿ã«ãããŠäžã€ã®æ ¹æ¬çãªç念(仿³)ã瀺ã仿çšèªã§ããã
æ³å°(ã»ããããæ¢µ: dharmoddÄna)ãšã¯ã仿ãšä»ã®æã(ãã©ã¢ã³æã»ãã³ãã¥ãŒæãå
åž«å€é)ãšã®åºå¥ãæããã«ããçšèªãšäžè¬ã«èšãããããããŒãªä»å
žã«ã¯ããã®ãããªè¡èªã¯ã¿ãããªãã
äžåº§éšä»æã«ãããŠã¯ã代ãã£ãŠäžçž(諞è¡ç¡åžž,äžåè¡èŠ,諞æ³ç¡æ)ãæ¡çšããã
éé¿å«çµã«ãããŠã¯ä»¥äžãšèšèŒãããã
什æç¥æ³èŠæ³ãæç¶åŠæ³ç¥åŠæ³è§ãæè«žæ¯äžèªé¡éèšã è²ç¡åžžãåæ³è¡èç¡åžžãäžåè¡ç¡åžžãäžåæ³ç¡æãæ¶
æ§å¯æ»
ã
éŸæš¹ã®èäœãšãããã倧æºåºŠè«å·»åäºã§ã¯ããŸã ç
©æ©ãååã«çµ¶ã€ããšãã§ããªãã§ãææŒé(ããã©ã)ã«ãã£ãŠç¡æŒéãåŸãŠããªã人ã
ããäžç𮿳å°ããä¿¡ãã¹ãã§ããããšããŠãäžåæçºçæ³ç¡åžžçå°ãã»ãäžåæ³ç¡æå°ãã»ãæ¶
æ§å®æ³å°ãã®äžæ³å°ã瀺ããŠããããŸãå·»äžåäºã§ã¯ãäžåæçºæ³ç¡åžžå°ããäžåæ³ç¡æå°ããæ¶
æ§å¯æ»
å°ããšããã§ããã
ééç¡ç€è
ãåŸäœæ³å°æ
ééç¡ç€ãåŠåŸçå°åç¡æçé¢ãåæ°ãäœçæ¯äœæ³å°ã çæ°ãäœæ³å°æäžçš®ãäžè
äžåæç²æ³ãå¿µå¿µçæ»
çç¡åžžãäºè
äžåæ³ç¡æãäžè
坿»
æ¶
æ§ã
ä»¥æ¯æ
äœèª¬äžæ³ç²æ³å°ãæè¬äžåæç²æ³ç¡åžžå°ãäžåæ³ç¡æå°ãæ¶
æ§å¯æ»
å°ã
2äžçŽããã®ä»æè©©äººããŒããªãã§ãŒã¿ã¯èªäœäžã«ãããŠ"dharmamudrã trilaká¹£aá¹Ä"ãšãã衚çŸã§äžã€ã®æãã衚ãããããã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã
ããŒããªãã§ãŒã¿ã¯ãããããeá¹£a dharmamudrã trilaká¹£aá¹Äã(ããããäžæ³å°ãã§ãã)ãšããŠããã
äžæå
ã¯ãäžæ³å°ã¯éšæŽŸä»æã®ãã®ã§ãããããã«å¯ŸããŠã倧ä¹ä»æã¯è«žæ³ã®å®çžã説ããå®çžå°ããæšå¹ãšãããšããŠããã倧ä¹ä»æã§ã¯éšæŽŸä»æã®äžæ³å°ãšã¯å¥ã«ã諞æ³å®çžã®ãäžæ³å°ãããã説ããããšããããäžæã¯å®çžå°ã第åã®å°ãšããŠããããªãã諞æ³å®çžãæå³ããå
容ã¯è«žå®æŽŸã®æåŠã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããäžæã¯ãéŸæš¹(ããŒã¬ãŒã«ãžã¥ã)ã¯äžæ³å°ã®ã»ãã«å¥ã®æ³å°ãç«ãŠãªãã£ããšããŠãããè¢Žè°·æ²æã¯ãšãžã£ãŒãã³ã®ãBuddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionaryãã«ã¯âdharmamudrÄâã®çšäŸãäžã€ããæããããŠãããããã¹ãŠæ¢µæã®æ³è¯çµã«ãããã®ã§ãããšææããŠããããŸã袎谷ã¯ãåæ¬å¹žç·ã«ãããå°ä¹æã¯äžæ³å°ã倧ä¹ã¯è«žæ³å®çžå°ãããšããèšæã«ã€ããŠã倩å°å®ã®æºé¡ã®æèª¬ã«äŸã£ãŠããããšãæšæž¬ããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%B0
|
6,228 |
è¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠ
|
è¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠ(ãè±: Super Dreadnoughts)ã¯ã1906幎ã«é²æ°Žããã€ã®ãªã¹æµ·è»ã®ãã¬ããããŒãã®èŠæš¡(åŒ©çŽæŠèŠ)ãè¶
ããèŠæš¡ã®æŠèŠã»å·¡æŽæŠèŠã§ãããã€ã®ãªã¹æµ·è»ã®ãªã©ã€ãªã³çŽæŠèŠãåç¢ãšããã
ãªãããã®ã匩ãã¯ããã¬ããããŒããã®é ã®é³ãåã£ãåœãŠåã§ããããã®ãããè¶
ãçŽæŠèŠãšã«ã¿ã«ã衚èšããå ŽåããããæŠèŠã®ãè¶
匩çŽããè¶
ãçŽããšããèªã¯ã転ããŠããšãŠã€ããªã倧ãããããã®åãè¿«åããªã©ã衚çŸããããã«ã䜿ãããã
æåã®è¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠãšãããã®ã¯ã1906幎ã«é²æ°Žããã€ã®ãªã¹æµ·è»ã®ãªã©ã€ãªã³çŽæŠèŠã§ããããã®èŠã®èµ·å·¥åŸã«ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«æ
å ±ãæŒããŠããŸãããã¬ããããŒãããã倧å(13.5ã€ã³ã/34.3 cm)ã®ç ²ãæèŒããŠããããšãããå ±éæ©é¢ãSuper Dreadnoughtsãšè¡šçŸããããšã«ç«¯ãçºããã
åŸã£ãŠæ£åŒãªè»äºçšèªãšããããã¯ããã¹ã³ãçšèªãèµ·æºã§ãããã¡ãªã¿ã«ãæ¥æ¬ã®æç®ã«ãããŠã¯15ã€ã³ã (38.1 cm) - 16ã€ã³ã (40.6 cm) ç ²ãæèŒããæŠèŠãè¶
ã
匩çŽã18ã€ã³ãè¶
(46 cm) äž»ç ²ãæ¡çšãã倧ååæŠèŠãè¶
ã
ã
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠãšç§°ãããã®ãããå°æ°ã ãèŠããã ã
æ¥æ¬æµ·è»ã§ã¯ãå·¡æŽæŠèŠãéåã以éã®èŠãæãã
çŸåšãè¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠã¯ã匩çŽãããªãã¡ãã¬ããããŒããšåçšåºŠã®æŠåãæããæŠèŠãããã«äžåãæŠèŠããšå®çŸ©ãããŠããã12.0ã€ã³ã (30.5 cm) ãäžåãäž»ç ²å£åŸã®æŠèŠãæããããªãã¡ãæŠèŠäž»ç ²ã®äžççæšæºèŠæ Œ("the international standard of battleship calibre")ã§ãã12ã€ã³ãããè¶
ããããšã絶察æ¡ä»¶ã§ããã匩çŽä»¥åã«äŸå€çã«å»ºé ãããå°æ°ã®12.0ã€ã³ããè¶
ããå£åŸã®äž»ç ²ãæããèŠã¯ããã«è©²åœããªã(ããšãã°è¿ä»£æŠèŠã®ååãšããããã€ã€ã«ã»ãµããªã³çŽæŠèŠã¯ã13.5ã€ã³ãç ²ãæèŒãããã ããã®ç ²ã¯åŸã«ååŒ©çŽæŠèŠã®æšæºãšãªã12ã€ã³ãç ²ãããåšåçã«å£ã£ãŠãã)ã
ãã以å€ã®è¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠã«å
±éããç¹åŸŽã¯ãäž»ç ²ã®äžå¿ç·é
眮ã»è·åŽç ²å¡ã®å»æ¢ãæãããããããã«ããé²åŸ¡æ§åŒã倧ããæ¹åãããããŸãå
šäž»ç ²ãçè·ã«æåã§ããããã«ãªã£ãããã ããã®ç¹åŸŽèªäœã¯ä»åœã®åŒ©çŽèŠã«ããã以åããæ¡çšäŸãããã
ãããã®ç¹åŸŽãããåŸæ¥ååšãã匩çŽèŠã倧ããäžåãæŠéåãå
·åããæŠèŠã®äžçŽã¯æ°æä»£ãžçªå
¥ããã
ãšã¯ãããã®ã®ãæŠèŠã®èœåã®è©äŸ¡ã«ã¯ãéåãé²åŸ¡åãªã©ã®ãã¡ã¯ã¿ãŒããèæ
®ãã¹ãã§ãããåçŽã«ç«åã ãããã£ãŠåªå£ã®å€æã¯ã§ããªããããã«ç«åã«ããŠããç ²èº«é·ãåœäžçãéæ°ãåäœæéãããã®çºå°æ°ãèæ
®ãã¹ãã§ãããå£åŸã ãã®æ¯èŒã§å€æã¯ã§ããªããäŸãã°äž»ç ²ã®éæ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã€ã®ãªã¹æŠèŠãšãžã³ã³ãŒãã¯12ã€ã³ãç ²ãæèŒããåŒ©çŽæŠèŠã§ããããéæ°ã¯14éãšäžçæå€ã§ãããç·åçã«èŠãŠç«åã¯13.5ã€ã³ã - 14ã€ã³ãç ²8éã®è¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠã»å·¡æŽæŠèŠãäžåã£ãŠããããã ããšãžã³ã³ãŒãã¯æ¹äœç€å°æææ®è£
眮ãè£
åããŠãããã宿Šèœåã«ã¯çåãããã
è¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠãè»äºå²äžã§éèŠèŠãããã®ã¯ãããã«åé¡ãããæŠèŠã®èœåèªäœãããããããŸã§ã®åŒ©çŽæŠèŠã®å€ãã12ã€ã³ãã§çµ±äžãããæŠèŠã®é»æ°ãäž»ç ²ã®éæ°ãæµ·è»åã®äžã€ã®ç®å®ãšãªã£ãŠããæä»£ãçµçããã倧èŠå·šç ²æä»£ãžã®éãéãããšããç¹ã§ããããããŸã§ã¯æŠèŠ1é»1é»ã®å€§ãããæ§èœãååœãšãæ¯èŒç䌌éã£ãŠãããããæµ·è»åã¯åçŽãªæ°éã§æ¯èŒãããããšãå€ãã£ãããè¶
匩çŽèŠã®ç»å Žä»¥åŸã¯äž»ç ²å£åŸãšèŠã®å€§ããã®å¶éãåãæãããååœãæã€æåŒ·ã®æŠèŠã®æ§èœãéèŠãªèŠçŽ ãšãªã£ãã
ãã€ãæŠèŠã«ãããŠã¯ã匩çŽèŠã®äž»ç ²ã«11ã€ã³ã (28.1 cm) ç ²ãæ¡çšããŠãããããã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹æŠèŠã®12ã€ã³ãç ²ã«åšåã§å¹æµãããšãããŠãããå®éã«ãç ²åŒŸééãåéãªã©ã®æ§èœãèŠãéãããã€ãæŠèŠã®äž»ç ²åŒŸã®éåãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ãè±åœæŠèŠã®ãããåé§ããŠãã(ç ²åŒŸééã¯å°ããããåéã¯å€§ãã)ãåŸã£ãŠãã€ãããã«ãŽã©ã³ãçŽæŠèŠã«12ã€ã³ã (30.5 cm) 50å£åŸç ²ãæ¡çšããéã¯ãå®è³ªã¯è¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠã§ã¯ãªãããšèšãããã
ãããç°è«ãå€ãããã€ããå€çšããå°å£åŸé«åéã®ç ²åŒŸã¯ãæ¥è¿æŠã§ã®åšåããé«ããã®ã®ãäžè·é¢ã§ã¯å
¥å°è§ã®æµ
ããããé·è·é¢ã§ã¯å€±éã®å€§ããããã€ã®ãªã¹ç³»ã®è¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠã«æ¡çšããã45å£åŸ13.5ã€ã³ãç ²ã45å£åŸ14ã€ã³ãç ²ã«åšåçã«å£ã£ãŠãããšãããããŸããæ¥è¿æŠã§ã®åšåã«éå®ããŠãããã€ãã®12ã€ã³ãç ²ã®åšåã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ãããäžåã£ãŠã¯ãããã®ã®ãããã»ã©å€§ããªå·®ã¯èŠãããªãããããã€ã®ãªã¹ããã€ãã«å
ã ã£ãŠéçºãã50å£åŸ12ã€ã³ãç ²ã¯ããã€ãã®50å£åŸ12ã€ã³ãç ²ãåéã§ãè¥å¹²åé§ããŠããããã£ãšãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®50å£åŸ12ã€ã³ãç ²ã¯åœäžçã®äœäžãç ²èº«å¯¿åœã®äœäžãæããæ¬ é¥ç ²ã§ãã£ããããã€ãã®50å£åŸ12ã€ã³ãç ²ã«ã¯ããããæ¬ é¥ã¯èŠãããããã€ãã«æè¡çåªäœããã£ãã®ã¯äºå®ã§ãã(éã«èšãã°ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®50å£åŸ12ã€ã³ãç ²ã®å€±æãã13.5ã€ã³ãç ²ã®éçºãä¿é²ãããè¶
åŒ©çŽæŠèŠãžã®éãéãããšèšãã)ã
ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ã³ã³ãã»ãã£ã»ã«ããŒã«çŽæŠèŠã»ã«ã€ãªã»ãã¥ã€ãªãªçŽæŠèŠã¯ãæ¹è£
åŸã®äž»ç ²å£åŸã32cmã§ãã30.5cmãè¶
ããŠããããå
ã¯30.5cmã®äž»ç ²ã®å
åŸãåã£ãŠå£åŸãæ¡å€§ããã«éããããããè¶
匩çŽãšæ±ããã©ããã«ã¯ç°è«ããããããããåšåã¯14ã€ã³ãç ²ã«è¿«ãæ§èœãåºãŠããã
1916幎ã®ãŠãã©ã³ãæ²æµ·æŠã¯ãæŠèŠã»å·¡æŽæŠèŠã®çºéå²ã«ãããŠäžå€§äºä»¶ãšãªã£ããããã€ãŸãã§è¿°ã¹ããšãæŠèŠã¯éåãäžè¶³ãå·¡æŽæŠèŠã¯é²åŸ¡åãäžè¶³ããããŠæŠèŠã»å·¡æŽæŠèŠãåããæ°Žå¹³é²åŸ¡ããªãããã«ããŠããäºå®ã倿ããããã以éã«æ°é ããããã¯æ¹è£
ããªãããæŠèŠã»å·¡æŽæŠèŠã¯ãã®æ¬ ç¹ã®æ¹åããªãããäž»ç ²å£åŸã®å¢å€§ã«åã£ãæŠèŠã®çºéã¯çµçãè¿ãããããã«ãã匩çŽãè¶
匩çŽãšããã«ããŽã©ã€ãºãããããŠéèŠãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããªã£ãã
äŸãã°ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ã©ã¹ã«çŽå€§åå·¡æŽèŠ(äž»ç ²å£åŸ30.5cm)ããã€ãã®ã·ã£ã«ã³ãã«ã¹ãçŽæŠèŠ(äž»ç ²å£åŸ28.1cm)ã¯ãäž»ç ²å£åŸã§èšãã°åŒ©çŽããã©ã³ã¹ã®ãã³ã±ã«ã¯çŽæŠèŠ(äž»ç ²å£åŸ33cm)ã¯è¶
匩çŽãšãªãããããããåé¡ã§èªãããããšã¯ã»ãšãã©ãªãã
äžèšã®éãã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ã³ã³ãã»ãã£ã»ã«ããŒã«çŽæŠèŠã»ã«ã€ãªã»ãã¥ã€ãªãªçŽæŠèŠã¯ãè¶
匩çŽãšããŠèªãããããšãããããããã¯å
ã
ãã®äž¡ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯30.5cmç ²æ¡çšã®åŒ©çŽæŠèŠã§ãã£ãŠãæ¹è£
ã«ãã£ãŠç ²åãå¢ãããã©ãããšããæèã§èªãããããã§ãããã³ã³ãã»ãã£ã»ã«ããŒã«çŽæŠèŠã»ã«ã€ãªã»ãã¥ã€ãªãªçŽæŠèŠãäž»ç ²å£åŸãå¢ããã®ã¯ããããŸã§éæ°ã®åæžãšåŒãæãã«ç ²åãèœãšããªãããã®åŠçœ®ã§ãããçŸå®ã«ã¯äž¡ã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ¹è£
ã®äž»ç®çã¯ãéåãšé²åŸ¡åã®å¢å€§ã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A9%E7%B4%9A%E6%88%A6%E8%89%A6
|
6,229 |
æ¥æ¬ç¥è©±
|
æ¥æ¬ç¥è©±()ãšã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã«äŒããç¥è©±ã®ããšã§ããã
æ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãšåŒã°ããäŒæ¿ã¯ã»ãšãã©ãããå€äºèšãããæ¥æ¬æžçŽããããã³åã颚åèšãã®èšè¿°ã«ããããã®ãããé«å€©åã®ç¥ã
ãäžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠããããåºå
žãšãªãæç®ã¯éãããã
ãŸããå°æ¹ã®ç¥ç€Ÿãå°æ¹èªã®äžã«ãäžèšã®æç®çŸ€ã«ã¯èŠãããªãäŒæ¿ãæ®ããŠããã
æ¬æ¥ãæ¥æ¬åå°ã«ã¯åºé²ãå§ããšããŠäœããã®ä¿¡ä»°ãäŒæ¿ããã£ããšæãããã€ããçæš©ã®æ¯é
ãåºããã«ã€ããŠãããããåœæŽ¥ç¥(ãã«ã€ãã¿)ãŸãã¯ãå¥ããã¬ç¥ããšãã圢ã«å€ããããŠãé«å€©åç¥è©±ãã«çµ±åããããšèããããŠããããŸããåŸäžãŸã§äžå€®æš©åã«æ¯é
ãããªãã£ãã¢ã€ããççã«ã¯ç¬èªè²ã®åŒ·ãç¥è©±ãååšãããæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ã®ç¥ã
ã¯çŸä»£ã«è³ããŸã§ä¿¡ä»°ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšããç¶ããŠããã
æ¬èšäºã«ãããŠã¯äž»ã«ãå€äºèšããæ¥æ¬æžçŽãã§èªãããç¥è©±(èšçŽç¥è©±)ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããã
ãã®èšäºã§ã¯æ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ã®ãããããè¿°ã¹ãã«ãšã©ããåç¥è©±ã®è©³çްã¯å¥èšäºã«è²ãã
èšçŽãªã©ã«ãããŠç¥ä»£(ç¥ã®æä»£ãç¥è©±æä»£)ãšããŠèšãããç¥è©±ã¯ã以äžã®éãã§ãããç¥ä»£ã¯ãç¥æŠå€©ç以åã®æä»£ãæãã
倩å°éé¢ã®ã®ã¡ãé«å€©åã«å¥å€©æŽ¥ç¥ãšç¥äžäžä»£ã®ç¥ã
ãèªçããããã®ç¥ã
ã®æåŸã«çãŸããŠããã®ãã€ã¶ãã®(衚èšã¯äŒéªé£å²ãã»ã)ã»ã€ã¶ãã(衚èšã¯äŒéªé£çŸãã»ã)ã®äºç¥ãªã®ã§ããã
ã€ã¶ãã®ã»ã€ã¶ããã®äºç¥ã¯èªããé ã£ããªããŽãå³¶ã«éããçµå©ããŠæåã®åã»ãã«ã³ãçãŸããããšããããæ¹æ³ã«ééãããã£ãããšãã倱æããäžå
·ã®åã§ãã£ãããã®åãæµ·ã«æµããåŸã次ã®åã»ã¢ã¯ã·ããçãŸãããããŸããæ£ããçãŸããŠããªãã£ããããäºç¥ã¯å¥å€©æŽ¥ç¥ã«æããä¹ããããããŠæ¹ããŠæ£ãã亀ãããçã¿åºããã®ãæ·¡éä¹ç©ä¹çå¥å³¶ã§ãã£ããæ¬¡ã«æ·¡éãå«ãã倧å
«å³¶ããšåŒã°ããå³¶ã
(æ¥æ¬åå³¶)ãæ¬¡ã
ãšçã¿åºããŠãã£ãããããããåœçã¿/åœç£ã¿ããšããããã®åŸãããŸããŸãªç¥ã
ãçã¿åºããŠããããšã«ãªããããããããç¥çã¿/ç¥ç£ã¿ããšããããããã€ã¶ããã¯ç«ç¥ã»ã«ã°ãããç£ã¿åºãéã«å€§ç«å·ãè² ã£ãŠããŸãããã®äžãå»ã£ãŠããŸããæ®ãããã€ã¶ãã®ã¯äº¡ãã€ã¶ããã«äŒãããæ°æã¡ãåãããŠé»æ³åœãžèµŽããã圌女ã黿³ã®äœè
ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã£ãããšãæãç¥ã£ãŠéãåž°ã矜ç®ã«ãªããæ°žé ã«é¢å¥ããããšãšãªã£ãããã®åŸãã€ã¶ãã®ã¯é»æ³åœã§è¢«ã£ãç©¢ããç¥ãããã«çŠãããããã®æã«ãããŸããŸãªç¥ã
ãçã¿åºããããããã®æåŸã«ãäžè²Žå(ã¿ã¯ããã®ããã®ã¿ã)ããšåŒã°ãã3æ±ãããªãã¡ãã¢ããã©ã¹(倩ç
§)ã»ãã¯ãšã(æèª)ã»ã¹ãµããª(é äœä¹ç·)ãçãã ã
ã¹ãµããª(é äœä¹ç·)ã¯æ ¹åœãžè¡ãåã«é«å€©åãžãšåãããã¢ããã©ã¹(倩ç
§)ã¯ã¹ãµããªãé«å€©åã奪ãã«ããã®ããšåéãããåŒç¢ãæºããŠã¹ãµããªãè¿ãããã¹ãµããªã¯ã¢ããã©ã¹ã®çããè§£ãããã«ããã(èªçŽ)ã§èº«ã®æœçœã蚌æãã(ã¢ããã©ã¹ãšã¹ãµããªã®èªçŽ)ããã®æãã®ã¡ã«ç宀ãåºé²åœé ã®å§ç¥ãšãªãäºæ±ã®ç·ç¥ãšå®åäžå¥³ç¥ãçãŸããã
ãããã¹ãµããªãé«å€©åã§æ°ã
ã®ä¹±æŽãåããããããããæãæããã¢ããã©ã¹ã¯å€©å²©æžã«é ããŠããŸããå°äžã¯éã«èŠãããŠããŸã£ããç¥ã
ã¯èšç¥ãçšããŠã¢ããã©ã¹ãå€©ç³æžããèªãåºããå
ãå°äžã«åãæ»ããããã¹ãµããªã¯æªè¡ã®è²¬ããè² ã£ãŠäžçã«è¿œæŸãããã
ã¹ãµããª(é äœä¹ç·)ã¯åºé²åœã«éããå
«ä¿£é åæºãéæ²»ããæ«åç°æ¯å£²ãšçµå©ãããã¹ãµããªã®åå«ã§ãã倧穎çé
ç¥(倧åœäž»)ã¯ãå
«äžæ¯å£²ãšçµã°ããããããã劬ãã å
«åç¥ã«è¿«å®³ããããé£ãéããæ ¹ä¹å
掲åœã§ã¹ãµããªã®è©Šç·Žãä¹ãè¶ãããšãã¹ãµããªã®åšã§ããé å¢çæ¯å£²åœãåš¶ã£ãŠå€§åœäž»ç¥ãšãªãããã®åŸã沌河æ¯å£²ãå€çŽçæ¯å£²åœãšçµå©ããå€ãã®åŸ¡åç¥ãçã¿ãå°åæ¯å€é£ç¥ãäžèŒªã®ç¥ãšèŠåäžåœã®åœã¥ãããå§ããã
ãããã®èª¬è©±ã¯ãåºé²åœé¢šåèšãã«ã¯åé²ãããŠããªãããã ããç¥åã¯å
±éãããã®ãç»å Žããã ãŸããå
šåœåå°ã®é¢šåèšãç¥ç€Ÿãå°æ¹èªã«ã¯ãç¬èªè²ã®æ¿ãåœäœãç¥è©±ãäŒãã£ãŠããã
é«å€©åã«ããç¥ã
ã¯ãèŠåäžåœã統治ããã¹ããªã®ã¯å€©ç
§å€§åŸ¡ç¥ã®åå«ã ãšããããã®ãããäœäººãã®ç¥ãåºé²ã«é£ããããããããã倧åœäž»ç¥ã«å¯è¿ã£ãããå¯è¿ã£ãç¥ã«æ®ºãããããšäº€æžã¯é
ã
ãšããŠé²ãŸãªãã£ããæçµçã«å»ºåŸ¡é·ç¥ãæŠç¥äºæ±ã掟é£ãã倧åœäž»ç¥ã®åã®å
ã»äºä»£äž»ç¥ã«åœãè²ãããææ¢ã«æµæããåŒã»å»ºåŸ¡åæ¹ç¥ããéæãããã埡åç¥äºæ±ãèŠæ±ã«å¿ããããã倧åœäž»ç¥ã¯èªãã®å®®æ®¿(åºé²å€§ç€Ÿ)建èšãšåŒãæãã«ã倩ã®ç¥ã«åœãè²ãããšãçŽæããã
倩ç
§å€§åŸ¡ç¥ã®å«ã§ããééèžåœã¯æ¥åã«éèšãã(倩å«éèš)ããã®ãšã倩ç
§å€§åŸ¡ç¥ããæãã£ãäžçš®ã®ç¥åšãæºããŠãããééèžåœã¯æšè±ä¹äœä¹
倿¯å£²ãšçµå©ããæšè±ä¹äœä¹
倿¯å£²ã¯åŸ¡åãåºç£ããã
ééèžåœã®åã¯å±±å¹žåœŠãšæµ·å¹žåœŠã§ãããå±±å¹žåœŠã¯æµ·å¹žåœŠã®é£ãéããªããããããæµ·å¹žåœŠã«è²¬ããããæ¥ã
ãéããé£ãéã500æ¬äœã£ãŠã1000æ¬äœã£ãŠãèš±ããŠããããªããæµ·ç¥ã®å®®æ®¿ã«èµŽãé£ãéãè¿ããŠããããæµ·å¹žåœŠã«é£ãéãè¿ã埩è®ããŠåŸãããå±±å¹žåœŠã¯æµ·ç¥ã®åšãšçµå©ãéµèºèèºäžååœãšããåããªããããããŠãéµèºèèºäžååœã®åãç¥åäŒæ³¢ç€Œæ¯å€åœãã®ã¡ã®ç¥æŠå€©çã§ããã
ç£äœåœŠå°ã¯å
ãã¡ãåãšè¬ã£ãŠå€§å(å¥è¯çå°)ãæ¯é
ããããšãããã¿ãæ±åŸ(ç¥æŠæ±åŸ)ããããªãã倧åã®æå°è
é·é«åœŠãã¯ææ¢ã«æµæããç£äœåœŠå°ãèŠæŠãããã倧åã®å¹³å®ã«æåãããç£äœåœŠå°ã¯æ©¿åå®®ã§ã¯ãããŠå€©çäœã«ã€ã(ç¥æŠå€©ç)ã
ç¥æŠå€©çã®æ»åŸãç¥æŠå€©çãæ¥åã«ãããšãã«çãŸããåã§ããæç è³åœãåä¹±ãèµ·ããããã®åŒç¥æžåå·è³å°ã¯æç è³åœãå°æ®ºããçäœãç¶ã(ç¶é倩ç)ã
ç¶é倩ç以äžã®8代ã®å€©ç(æ¬ å²å
«ä»£)ã®äºè·¡ã¯èšçŽã«ã»ãšãã©äŒãããªãã
æ¯è¡å€©çã®çåæ¥æ¬æŠå°ã¯ç襲ãé åŸãã倩çã®åœä»€ã§æ±æ¹ã«ãåºå
µãããããããåž°éã®éäžã§æ»äº¡ãçœé³¥ãšãªã£ãŠé£ã³å»ã£ãã
çäœã¯æ¥æ¬æŠå°ã®åŒã®æå倩çãç¶ãã ãããã®åŽ©åŸã¯æ¥æ¬æŠå°ã®æ¯åãç¶ãã仲å倩çãžãšå³äœããã仲å倩çã¯ãã®ç¶ãšåãããã«ä¹å·ãžåºå
µããããšããããäœå倧ç¥ã«éãã£ããã厩埡ããããã®çåã§ããç¥åçåã¯ãäœå倧ç¥ã®å©åã«ããäžéãåŸãã(äžéåºå
µ)ã
æ¥æ¬ã«ä»æãå®çãããšãæ¥æ¬ã®ç¥ã
ã人éãšåããèŠãã¿ããéããããšãé¡ããä»ã®ææžãæ±ãè§£è±ã欲ãããšèªèãããããã«ãªã£ããå¥è¯æä»£åé ããç¥ç€Ÿã«ãããŠç¥å®®å¯ºã建ç«ããå§ããéäºå
幎(ãŠãªãŠã¹æŠ:715幎)ã«ã¯è¶ååœã®æ°æ¯å€§ç¥ãããŸãã鹿島ç¥å®®ã»è³èç¥ç€Ÿã»äŒå¢ç¥å®®ãªã©ã§ç¥å®®å¯ºã䜵èšãããããŸããå®äœå
«å¹¡ç¥ã®ããã«ç¥äœãè©è©åœ¢ããšãç¥(å§åœ¢å
«å¹¡ç¥)ãçŸãããå¥è¯æä»£åŸåã«ã¯ãäŒå¢åœæ¡åé¡ã®çŸå°è±ªæã®æ°ç¥ã§ããå€åºŠå€§ç¥ããç¥ã®èº«ãæšãŠãŠä»éã®ä¿®è¡ãããããšèšå®£ãããªã©ãç¥å®®å¯ºå»ºç«ã¯å°æ¹ã«ãŸã§åºãããè¥çåœã®è¥ç圊倧ç¥ãè¿æ±åœã®å¥¥æŽ¥å³¶å€§ç¥ãªã©ãä»åœã®ç¥ã8äžçŽåŸåãã9äžçŽååã«ãããŠãä»éã«åž°äŸããææã瀺ãããããããŠèŠæ©ããç¥ãææžãããããç¥ç€Ÿã®åãã«ç¥å®®å¯ºã建ãŠãããç¥åã§èªçµããªãããããŸããç¥ã®ååšã¯å
ã
äžå¯èŠã§ãããäŸã代ã«ãã£ãŠç¥ãããšã®ã§ãããã®ã§ãã£ãããç¥åã®é 圢ã«ãã£ãŠç¥ã®ååšã衚çŸããããã«ãªã£ãã
平宿代ã«ãªãããæ¥æ¬ã®ç¥ã¯è·æ³åç¥ã§ããããšããç¥ä»ç¿åææ³ãçãŸãã寺é¢ã®äžã§ä»ã®ä»®ã®å§¿ã§ããç¥(æš©çŸ)ãç¥ãç¥ç€Ÿãå¶ãŸããããã«ãªã£ãã
ãŸããã倪平èšããªã©ã®è»èšç©ãæåŠæžããã®æ³šéã寺瀟çžèµ·ãªã©ã§ããæ¥æ¬æžçŽãã«äŸããªããå
容ã倧ããç°ãªããäžäžç¥è©±(äžäžæ¥æ¬çŽ)ããçºéãããäžäžç¥è©±ã§ã¯æ¬å°å迹説ã«ããèšçŽã®ç¥ã
ã仿ã®å°æ ŒãšåäžèŠããããããããã¯å¯Ÿçã«æ±ããããèšçŽã«ã¯ãªãç¥æ Œãã¢ã€ãã ãç»å Žããããå°æ¹ç¥è©±ãæ°éäŒæ¿ãèžèœã®èŠçŽ ã®æ··å
¥ãã¿ããããèšçŽç¥è©±ã®ããã«å
容ãçµ±äžããæç®ã¯ç·šçºãããªãã£ããããããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯è±å¯ã§ãããäžäžç¥è©±ã¯çŸåšã§ã¯åœæåŠæ¹é¢ã§ç ç©¶ãããŠãããç¥è©±åŠãªã©ã§ã¯ããŸãæ±ãããªãã
è¿äžã«ãªããšãæ¬å±
宣é·ããå€äºèšãã®æ¬æ Œçè§£æãç®æããå€äºèšäŒããèããæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãšããã°ãæ¥æ¬æžçŽãã®å
容ãäž»ã«äŒãã£ãŠããã®ãäžå€ãããå€äºèšãã®å
容ãäž»ã«äŒããããããã«ãªã£ãã
ãŸããå°æ°ã§ã¯ããããããªã·ã¿ã³ã广«ã®æ°å®æã®æèª¬ã«ãç¬èªã®ç¥è©±ãã¿ãããã
æ±æžæä»£ãŸã§ã¯å®éžã®æ£å²ãšããŠèšè¿°ããããæ¥æ¬æžçŽãã®ã»ããéèŠèŠããããå€äºèšãã¯ããŸãéèŠãããŠããªãã£ããæ±æžæä»£äžæä»¥éãæ¬å±
宣é·ã®ãå€äºèšäŒããªã©åœåŠã®çºå±ã«ãã£ãŠããæ¥æ¬æžçŽããããå€ãããã€ã挢æã ãã§ãªã倧åèšèã亀ããŠæžããããå€äºèšãã®ã»ããéèŠãããããã«ãªããçŸåšã«è³ã£ãŠããã
çŸåšã¯ãç¥è©±åŠã»æ¯èŒç¥è©±åŠã»æ°ä¿åŠã»èå€åŠã»äººé¡åŠã»æŽå²åŠçã®é åã§ç ç©¶ãªã©ããããŠããããŸããæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ã®å圢ãšãªã£ããšæãããéžè©±ãæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãšé¡äŒŒç¹ãæã€ç¥è©±ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãªã©äžçäžã«å€æ°ååšãããæ¥æ¬ã«ãããå€å¢³æä»£ããå¥è¯æä»£ã«ãããŠã®åœã®å¢åé¢ä¿ããç¥ãããã§ã®åèè³æãšããªã£ãŠããã
ææ²»æä»£ä»¥éã¯ãæ¯èŒç¥è©±åŠã®èгç¹ããã髿šæé(1876幎-1922幎)ã1943幎ãš1944幎(æå18幎ãš19幎)ã«ãæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±äŒèª¬ã®ç ç©¶ãã«ãŸãšããããç ç©¶ãããããã髿šã¯æ³ç°åç·ãæå£ä¿¡å€«ããšã亀æµããããæ³ç°ã»æå£ãã«ããæ°ä¿åŠã«ãããŠãæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ã®ç ç©¶ãå±éãããæ¥æ¬ã®ç¥è©±åŠã«ãããŠã¯ã»ãã«æŸææŠéã»æŸæ¬ä¿¡åºãã®ç ç©¶ãããã
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã®ä»£è¡šçãªç ç©¶è
ã«ã¯ã倧æå€ªè¯ã»åç°æŠåœŠããããã
åç°æŠåœŠã¯ã1974幎(æå49幎)ã«åè¡ãããã®ãªã·ã¡ç¥è©±ã𿥿¬ç¥è©± æ¯èŒç¥è©±åŠã®è©Šã¿ããæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãšå°æ¬§ç¥è©±ããã¯ããã以éããæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ã®æºæµãããã€ããã¿ã±ã«ãšå€§åœäž» æ¯èŒç¥è©±åŠã®è©Šã¿3ãããã¢ããã©ã¹ã®åå ã¹ãã¥ã¿ã€ç¥è©±ã𿥿¬ç¥è©±ãããæ¥æ¬ã®ç¥è©±äŒèª¬ããªã©ã®äžé£ã®æ¯èŒç¥è©±åŠç ç©¶ã«ãããŠãæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãä»ã®åœã»å°åã®ç¥è©±ãšæ¯èŒåæããŠããã
æ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãšççç¥è©±ãšã®æ¯èŒã¯äŒæ³¢æ®ç·ã«ãã£ãŠå§ãããããäŒæ³¢ã¯ã1904幎(ææ²»37幎)ã«çºè¡šã1942幎(æå17幎)ã«æ¹çš¿ãããççã®ç¥è©±ãã®äžã§ããäžå±±äžéãã®èµ·æºç¥è©±ãšãå€äºèšãã®æ·€èœç¢åå³¶ç¥è©±ããå®®å€å³¶æ§èšãã®ç¥å©èª¬è©±ãšäžèŒªå±±ç¥è©±ãªã©ã®é¡äŒŒãææããŠãããäŒæ³¢ã®ç ç©¶ã¯åŸè¿°ããæŸæ¬ä¿¡å»£ã®ããªãã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãšã®æ¯èŒç ç©¶ãçµãŠã倧æå€ªè¯ãã«ãã£ãŠå±éãããã
倧æã¯ãæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãšå¥çŸãæ²çžã®å³¶ã
ã«äŒæ¿ãããŠããæ°é説話ã«ã€ããŠããæµãå³¶ãã倩éãå§ç¥ããæ»äœåçããæµ·å¹žåœŠãã«é¢ããäŒæ¿ç¥è©±ãæ¯èŒæ€èšããå西諞島ã®ç¥è©±äŒæ¿ã¯ãåºæ¬ã¢ããŒããšæ§é ã«ãããŠã¯èšçŽç¥è©±ãšå€§å¹
ãªäžèŽãèŠããããç¥åçã«ãããŠã¯äžèŽããªãããšãããèšçŽã«ãŸãšããããåã®å
±éã®ç¥è©±äœç³»ã®æ¯äœããåãããŠå西諞島ã§ä¿åãããå¯èœæ§ãææããŠããã
äŒè€å¹¹æ²»ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ãšççã®ç¥è©±ãæ¯èŒããæŒããåœ(å³¶)ã倩çåºèªã®åç¥ããã«ã³ãç©èœãšããªã©ã®ã¢ããŒããå
±éããŠèªãããããšããªãããã颚ã«ããåŠåš ããåç¥ã®å°äžããã®åºçŸããåç¥ã®æŒçããç¬ç¥ããªã©ã¯ççç¥è©±ã«ããèŠãããããŸããç©ç©ç¥è©±ã®æ»äœåçã¢ããŒãã¯æ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ã«ããèŠãããªããšææããŠããã
é è€åºæ²»ã¯ãå®®å€åå³¶ã®æ¥éå³¶è±å¹Žç¥ã®ç±æ¥èãæ¥å
æç²Ÿã«ããåŠå¥³æèã§ããããšã説æãããæ¥æ¬æžçŽãç¥ä»£å·»åé ã®å€©å°ãåããã以åã¯é¶åã®ããšãã§ãã£ããšããæ¡ãšå€©æ¥æ§äŒæ¿ã«èŠãããåµçã®ã¢ããŒãããæ¥éå³¶ã§ã¯è±å¹Žç¥ã®ç±æ¥ãšããŠçŸåšãèªãç¶ãããŠãããšææããŠããã
1931幎(æå6幎)ãæŸæ¬ä¿¡å»£ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ã®ç ç©¶ãã®äžã§ãããŒã©ã³ãã»ãã£ã¯ãœã³(è±èªç)ãããªãã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãåé¡ããããã«èšå®ãã2ã€ã®å³åŒãé²ååããšãåµé åããçšããæ¥æ¬ã®å€©å°éé¢ç¥è©±ãããªãã·ã¢ã®åµäžç¥è©±ã®ãé²ååããšãåµé åãã®è€å圢ã§ãããã€ã¶ãã®ã»ã€ã¶ããç¥è©±ãã以éã¯ãåµé åãã®åœ¢åŒãåãç¶ãã§ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšã®èª¬ãçºè¡šããã
ãªããæŸæ¬ã¯æ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãšããªãã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãæ¯èŒããããã§ççã®ç¥è©±(cf. ççç¥é)ãéèŠèŠããççã®å€ç¥è©±ãã€ã¶ãã®ã»ã€ã¶ããç¥è©±ã®äžç°äœã§ãããæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãççãéããŠé ãåæ¹ã®åµé åç¥è©±ãšé¢é£ãæã£ãŠãããšãããæŸæ¬ã«ããæ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ãšæ±å€ªå¹³æŽç¥è©±ãšã®æ¯èŒã¯æ¥æ¬ã®æ¯èŒæ°æåŠäžã®å®èª¬ã«ãªã£ãŠããã
ãŸãã岡æ£éã«ããæ¥æ¬ã®å€©å°éé¢ç¥è©±ã®ç ç©¶ã¯æ¥æ¬ç¥è©±ã®ç³»èã«é¢ããæŽå²æ°æåŠçç ç©¶ãæŽ»çºåãããã®åŸã倧æå€ªè¯ã«ãã£ãŠå
·äœçã«å±éãããã倧æã«ããã°ã倩å°éé¢ç¥è©±ä»¥å€ã®ãªãªã²ããã¡ã»ã¢ããŒããæµ·å¹žåœŠã»å±±å¹žåœŠã¢ããŒããå西諞島ã®ç¥è©±ã«åããŠããã
ãã®ã»ããã«ãã£ãŠä»¥äžã®äºäŸããããŸã§ã«ææãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1
|
6,231 |
Javaä»®æ³ãã·ã³
|
Javaä»®æ³ãã·ã³(ãžã£ãããããã·ã³ãè±èª: Java virtual machineãJava VMãJVM)ã¯ãJavaãã€ãã³ãŒããšããŠå®çŸ©ãããåœä»€ã»ãããå®è¡ããã¹ã¿ãã¯åã®ä»®æ³ãã·ã³ãAPIãããã€ãã®ããŒã«ãšã»ããã§Javaå®è¡ç°å¢(JRE)ãšããŠãªãªãŒã¹ãããŠããããã®ç°å¢ãç§»æ€ããããšã§ãããŸããŸãªç°å¢ã§Javaã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããããšãã§ããã
(12ãC6 ãªã©ã®æ°å€ã¯16鲿³è¡šèš)
ãšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãºçš(ãã¹ã¯ãããçšãå
å«)ãšããŠã¯ããªã©ã¯ã«ãIBMãHPãªã©ã®å瀟ããå®è£
ç³»ããªãªãŒã¹ãããŠãããOSäžã§ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšããŠåäœãã圢æ
ãäžè¬çã§ããã
Windowsã«ãæšæºã§Javaä»®æ³ãã·ã³ãå®è£
ãããŠãããããã€ã¯ããœããããµã³ã»ãã€ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãºãšã®å¥çŽã«åããŠèªç€Ÿä»æ§ã®æ¡åŒµæ©èœãä»å ãããããWindows XP以éã®OSã§ã¯Javaã®æè¡äœ¿çšã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã倱ã£ãã
ãŸãããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ã³ãã¥ããã£ã®æã«ãã£ãŠIKVM.NETãšããå
±éèšèªã©ã³ã¿ã€ã äžã§åäœããJavaä»®æ³ãã·ã³ã®å®è£
ãé²ããããŠããã
å€ãã£ã詊ã¿ãšããŠGNU Smalltalkã®VMäžã§æ§ç¯ãããJavaä»®æ³ãã·ã³ãååšããã
picoJava, Jazelle ãªã©Javaä»®æ³ãã·ã³ã®åœä»€ãããŒããŠã§ã¢å®è£
ãããããã»ããµãããªãã¡ãã€ãã³ãŒããçŽæ¥å®è¡å¯èœãªããã»ããµãååšããã
æåã®Javaä»®æ³ãã·ã³ã®å®è£
(JDK 1.0)ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿åã§ãã£ããããåäœé床ãä»ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠé
ãå Žåããã£ãããã®ãããã¡ãœããã®å®è¡çŽå(Just in Time)ã«ãã€ãã³ãŒããCPUã®ãã€ãã£ãã³ãŒãã«ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŠå®è¡ãã圢åŒ(JITã³ã³ãã€ã©)ããããŒã©ã³ãã IBMãªã©ããªãªãŒã¹ããããµã³ã»ãã€ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãºã®å®è£
ãJDK 1.1ããJITã³ã³ãã€ã©ãæèŒããã
å ããŠãJDK 1.2ããããµã³ã»ãã€ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãºã¯HotSpotãšããé«éåæè¡ãå°å
¥ãããHotSpotã¯JITã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®äžçš®ã ããåžžã«JITã³ã³ãã€ã«ãè¡ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããå®è¡åæ°ãèŠå®åæ°ãè¶
ããã¡ãœãã (Hotspot) ã®ã¿ãJITã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããããã«ãããJITã³ã³ãã€ã«ã«ããç¡é§ãªãªãœãŒã¹ã®æ¶è²»ãé²ãã ããã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿å®è¡æã®ãããã¡ã€ãªã³ã°æ
å ±ãJITã³ã³ãã€ã«å©çšã§ããå©ç¹ããããHotSpotã«ã¯çšéå¥ã«ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãVM(ã³ã³ãã€ã«ã¯é«éã ãçæããããã€ãã£ãã³ãŒããçžå¯Ÿçã«ããŸãæé©åãããªã)ãšããµãŒãVM(ã³ã³ãã€ã«ã¯äœéã ãçæããããã€ãã£ãã³ãŒããçžå¯Ÿçã«ããæé©åããã)ãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%E4%BB%AE%E6%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3
|
6,232 |
ããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèš
|
ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšã(ããŒãã¹ãšãããããè±èª: Record of Lodoss War)ã¯ãå®ç°ååæ¡ã»æ°Žéè¯èã«ããæ¥æ¬ã®ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒå°èª¬ã·ãªãŒãºã§ããã
1986幎ããã°ã«ãŒãSNEã«ããããŒãã«ããŒã¯RPG(TRPG)ãDungeons & Dragonsãã®èªäžãªãã¬ã€ãšããŠããœã³ã³éèªãã³ã³ããã£ãŒã¯ãã«æ²èŒããããåºæžè£ãæãããšã«ããã¯ãããšããã€ã©ã¹ãã人æ°ãéããããšããã£ãŠãé£èŒãé²ãã«åŸãäžç芳ãã¹ããŒãªãŒåã³ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãžã®äººæ°ãé«ãŸãããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãæ¿ããŠç¬¬3éšãŸã§ç¶ã奜è©äŒç»ãšãªã£ãã
1988幎ããªãã¬ã€ã®DMã§ããæ°Žéè¯ã«ããå°èª¬ãè§å·æåº«(1989幎以éã¯è§å·ã¹ããŒã«ãŒæåº«)ããåè¡ãããŠä»¥éãå€å²ã«ãããã¡ãã£ã¢ããã¯ã¹äœåãçºå£²ãããŠããã1991幎ã«OVAã«ãŠã¢ãã¡åãç¿1992幎ã«ãããœã³ããå®¶åºçšã²ãŒã ãœãããçºå£²ã1998幎ã«ã¯ãã¬ãæ±äº¬ãããã¬ãã¢ãã¡ã·ãªãŒãºãæŸéãããã
ãªãã¬ã€ãå°èª¬ã®ä»ã«ãã³ããã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã²ãŒã ãªã©æ§ã
ãªåªäœã§çºè¡šããã2013幎ã«ã¯ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšçèª25åšå¹Žããèšå¿µããŠã豪è¯åè¡æ¬ãçºè¡ããããå°èª¬ã¯è§å·ã¹ããŒã«ãŒæåº«ã®åãäžã«åºããç«åœ¹è
ãšãªããã©ã€ãããã«ããã¯ããŸãã¡ãã£ã¢ããã¯ã¹ã®èåããšãªã£ãã
ãªãèå°ãšãªããããŒãã¹å³¶ããšååã®å³¶(ã©ãã³æå衚èšã§ã¯Ródos)ããšãŒã²æµ·ã«å®åšããããæ¬äœåãšã®é¢é£æ§ã¯ãªãã
忥èã«ãããŒãã¹å³¶äŒèª¬ããç¶ç·šã«ãæ°ããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšããããã2019幎8æ1æ¥ã«ã¯æŽãªãç¶ç·šãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèš èªçŽã®å®å ããçºè¡ãããã
ãåªãããå³¶ãããŒãã¹ãèå°ã«ãè±éãã¡ã®è亡ãšåéºãæãããã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒç©èªã§ããã
äœåãšããŠæåã«å
¬è¡šããããã®ã¯ã1986幎ã«ããœã³ã³éèªãã³ã³ããã£ãŒã¯ãã«æ²èŒãããããŒãã«ããŒã¯RPG(TRPG)ã®ç޹ä»èšäºã§ããããã®ã°ã«ãŒãSNEã«ãããDungeons & Dragonsãã®èªäžãªãã¬ã€ã¯ãé£èŒãé²ãã«åŸãäžç芳ãã¹ããŒãªãŒåã³ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãžã®äººæ°ãé«ãŸããçµæé£èŒã¯ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãæ¿ããŠç¬¬3éšãŸã§ç¶ã奜è©äŒç»ãšãªã£ããããšããšããŒãã¹å³¶ãšã¯ã°ã«ãŒãSNEããD&Dãã«éããããŸããŸãªããŒãã«ããŒã¯RPGã§ãã£ã³ããŒã³ã»ã²ãŒã ãããããã«çšæããèå°ã§ããªãªãžãã«ã«ãŒã«ã®ã»ãããã«ãŒã³ã¯ãšã¹ãããããã©ãŽã³ã¯ãšã¹ããã§ãã¬ã€ãããããšããã£ãã
ãªãã¬ã€ç¬¬1éšãšç¬¬2éšã¯ãDungeons & Dragonsãã䜿çšããŠããããçæš©äžã®åé¡ãçºçããããã第3éšããã¯ã°ã«ãŒãSNEãªãªãžãã«ã®TRPGã«ãŒã«ã«ãã£ãŠãã¬ã€ãããŠããããã®é¢ä¿äžã第1éšãšç¬¬2éšã®é£èŒã¯åè¡æ¬åãããŠããããåŸã«ãªãªãžãã«ã«ãŒã«ã§åãã¬ã€ãããã®ããªãã¬ã€æ¬ãšããŠçºå£²ãããŠããã
ãªãã¬ã€ã®ãDM(第3éšã§ã¯GM)ãã§ãã£ãæ°Žéè¯ã¯1988幎ããã®ãªãã¬ã€ãåºã«ããå°èª¬ç¬¬1äœãç°è²ã®é女ããåè¡ã以éãæ¬ã·ãªãŒãºãšãããŒãã¹å³¶äŒèª¬ãåã³ãæ°ããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšããåãããå°èª¬ã·ãªãŒãºã®çޝèšçºè¡éšæ°ã¯2005幎ã«1000äžéšãè¶
ãããã¹ãã»ã©ãŒãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãã®åŸã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã²ãŒã ãã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãçºè¡šãããå€ãã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ã§ãã¡ã³ã«èŠªããŸããäœåãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãåŸã«ãèæ¯äžçã§ãããã©ãŒã»ãªã¢ãèå°ã«ããããœãŒãã»ã¯ãŒã«ãRPGããªã©ã®æ°ã
ã®æŽŸçäœåãå±éãããŠããã
æ¥æ¬åœç£ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒäœåãšããŠäžå®ã®æåãåãããŸãããŒã ãäžéæ§ã®ãã®ã«çµããããåºå®ãããã¡ã³å±€ã確ä¿ãããã®å°äœãäžåã®ãã®ã«ããããŸãããã®ãžã£ã³ã«ã®äœåãšããŠã¯ã»ãŒåã®(ããŒãã«ããŒã¯RPGãå
ã«ããäœåãšããŠã¯ééããªãåã®)å€§èŠæš¡ãªã¡ãã£ã¢ããã¯ã¹å±éã宿œããäžå®ã®ææãäžããäœåãšãªããã¡ãã£ã¢ããã¯ã¹äœåãå«ããŠè±èªããã©ã³ã¹èªãäžåœèªãªã©ã«ã翻蚳ãããã2008幎ã«ã¯ã¢ãããã¯ã¹ã®ã¢ãã¡ãœã³ã°ã€ãã³ãã§åäœåã®OPæ²ãæã£ãŠåè³ããå€åœäººãçŸããŠãããæ¬äœã®é
åã®äžã€ã§ããããžã¥ã¢ã«é¢ã¯ãåºæžè£ãæ
åœãããåºæžã®èª€è§£ã«ãããã£ãŒããªããã«æ¡çšããããšã«ãã®ãããã®ãããªé·ãè³ãã®æåã¯æ¬ã·ãªãŒãºã®äººæ°ãšçžãŸã£ãŠãæ¥æ¬ã®ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒäœåã«ãããããšã«ããšèšãã°ãé·ãè³ããšããã€ã¡ãŒãžãå®çãããæ°Žéãå°èª¬ã·ãªãŒãºã®äžã§ã颚å矜ã®ãããªè³ããšãã衚çŸãçšããŠããã
æé»çåžãã«ãã«çããããããŒã¢åžåœè»ãšãè³é«ç¥ãã¡ãªã¹ãå¥ããç¥èçåœãŽã¡ãªã¹ãäžå¿ãšããåœã
ãšã®æŠã(è±éæŠäº)ãèæ¯ãšããŠé²ãã
ã¢ã©ãã¢çåœåºèº«ã®è¥ãæŠå£«ããŒã³ã¯ã亡ãç¶ãšåãéšå£«ã«ãªãå€¢ãæ±ããŠ5人ã®ä»²éãšå
±ã«åéºã®æ
ã«åºãããã®éäžãè±éæŠäºã®çéã§æèºãããç°è²ã®é女ãã«ãŒã©ã®é°è¬ã®äžç°ã§ãããã£ã¢ã³ãå§«èªæäºä»¶ã«å·»ã蟌ãŸãããããã£ã¢ã³ãå§«ã®æåºã«æåããèªãã®é²ãã¹ãéãæ±ããŽã¡ãªã¹çåœã«åããã
ãããŠããŒã¢åžåœãšãŽã¡ãªã¹çåœã®ç·åŒµãé«ãŸãäžãã«ãŒã©ã®ææ³ãããŒãã¹å³¶ã®å¹³åãšçžå®¹ããªããã®ã§ãããšæã£ãããŒã³ãã¯ãå
è±éã®äžäººã§ãã倧賢è
ãŠã©ãŒãã«å©åãæ±ããéã«ã«ãŒã©ã®å±
å Žæãçªãæ¢ãéå¥³ã«æãã
éŠéœã¢ã©ã³ãçåã¯ã¹ããŒã³ã»ãŠã§ããããŒãã¹å³¶åæ±éšã«äœçœ®ããã建åœãã400幎以äžãšçŸåããããŒãã¹åœå®¶äžã§ã¯æå€ã®æŽå²ãèªããå幎çåœ(ãã¬ãã¢ã )ãšç§°ãããã倧åœã
å西éšã§ãŽã¡ãªã¹ãšãã¬ã€ã ãåéšã§ã«ãã³ãšåœå¢ãæ¥ããåéšã«ããŒãã¡å€§ç¥æ®¿ããã¯ãŒãã®ãéã®çåœãããããå西éšåœå¢ã«ã¯ãè¿å¹ŽãŸã§éè¡äžå¯èœã ã£ããåž°ããã®æ£®ããåºãã£ãŠããã
粟匷ãªéç¶²éšå£«å£ãæããæŽã«éšå£«å£ä»¥äžãšåãããã¬ã³ãžã£ãŒã§æ§æãããéæéãšéè¹éšå£«å£ãšåŒã°ããéæ³æŠå£«é(éæ³æŠå£«ã¯ã¢ã©ãã¢ç¬èªã®ç¹å¥ãªéšå£«ãã¢ã¹ã§èšãæã®ç«éšå£«ã®ãããªãã®)ã®äºå€§éšéãæããè»äºå€§åœã§ãããã
ããŒãã¹å³¶å¯äžã®éè¡åž«ã®ã«ãã§ãããè³¢è
ã®åŠé¢ãããããå®å®ããåœæ
ãèæ¯ã«å€ãããå€ä»£èªéæ³ã®ç ç©¶ãçãã§ãã£ãããè±éæŠäºæã®æ··ä¹±ã®äžãåŠé¢ããç Žéãããã®ãéæšã¿ãããã°ããŒãã®å ±åŸ©ã«ãã£ãŠæ»
ãŒãããŠããŸã£ãã
éç¥æŠäºã§ã¯ç¥åºé¬Œæ²¡ã®éç¥ã«å¯ŸããŠç¡çºç¡çã«çµå§ããéã«æ°è¡ãå®ãããã«ããŒãã¡ç¥å®ãäžæ žã«èªç¶çºçããèªè¡å£ãšææ
çã«å¯Ÿç«ã倧åœãªãã§ã¯ã®è
æã®æ·±å»ããé²åããã
è±éæŠäºæã§ã¯åœåæ§ã«ãã³åœå¢ãééããŠå¯ŸããŒã¢å
å²ç¶²ã®äžè§ãæ
ããããŒãã¹äŒ¯ã¢ã¢ã¹ã³ãæŽè»ãšããŠãŽã¡ãªã¹çåœã«æŽŸé£ãã(ããŒãã¹ã¯ã¢ã©ãã¢ç¬¬äºã®éœåžãå西éšã®äžå¿ã§ãŽã¡ãªã¹ã»ãã¬ã€ã æ¹é¢ãžã®äº€éã®èŠè¡)ããããåœçã«ãã¢ã¹äžäžã®å®åŒã»ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒå
¬çµãããŒã¢ã«åãããŠéå¿ã«ç®èŠããå
çãææ®ºããããšã§ç¶æ³ã¯æ¥å€ãçéœãäžå¿ã«åéšãæ¯é
ããŠåœçãåç§°ããã©ã¹ã¿ãŒãšãæ¥éœãŽã¡ãªã¹ããããŒãã¹ãžæ»ã£ãã¢ã¢ã¹ã³ã®éã§æ³¥æ²Œã®åŸç¶è
äºããåçºããããšã§è±éæŠäºã©ããã§ã¯ãªããªããé·ãã«ãããå
æŠç¶æ
ãšãªãã
è±éæŠäºãäžå¿ã®çµæ«ãè¿ããåŸãã¢ã©ãã¢ã§ã¯å
æŠãç¶ããããŒã³ã®åºèº«å°ã¶ã¯ãœã³æãäžå¿ãšããåéšå°åã§ã¯äž¡å¢åããè·é¢ã眮ããåç¬ç«çãªèªæ²»çµç¹ã圢æãããããã®èªæ²»éåã«ã¯ããã®é ãåã®è³¢è
ããšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããã¹ã¬ã€ã³ããã»ã·ã«ãªã©ã¹ã¬ã€ã³ã®åŒåãã¡ãé¢äžããŠããã
éªç¥æŠäºæã«ã¯ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ã¢ã¹ã³ãèšã£ãããšã§å
æŠã«åå©ããäžæŠã¯åœå
ãçµ±äžããããããã¢ã¢ã¹ã³ã®éºå
ã»ããã¹ããã¬ã€ã ãžäº¡åœããèªãã倧矩ååãšããã¢ã©ãã¢äŸµæ»ããã¬ã€ã åœçã«ã·ã¥ãŒã«èŠè«ãããã«ã·ã¥ãŒãã¢ã©ãã¢çµç±ã§ã®æ§ã«ãã³é ããã³ããŒã¢äŸµæ»ãç®æããããå©å®³ãäžèŽããã¢ã©ãã¢ãšãã¬ã€ã ã®å
šé¢æŠäºãåçºãããé·å¹Žå
æŠãç¶ããŠããã¢ã©ãã¢è»ã¯ç·ŽåºŠãé«ããå€§èŠæš¡ãªæŠãã10幎ã»ã©çµ¶ããŠãããã¬ã€ã è»ã«å€§ããªææãäžãããããã¬ãŒãããŠã©ãŒããšããè±éãã¡ããã¬ã€ã è»ã«å å¢ããããšããã£ãŠã¢ã©ãã¢è»ã¯æåãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯åœç殺ãã®çœªã§åŠåãããããã¹IIäžãå³äœããã
åœå®¶ãžã®åž°å±æèãèããŠããã¶ã¯ãœã³èªæ²»é ããããšããšã¢ã©ãã¢è²Žæã®è¡çã§ãã£ãã»ã·ã«ãåçµããã¶ã¯ãœã³äŒ¯çµé ãšããŠäœµåãããããããåŸã«ã»ã·ã«ã¯çéœã¢ã©ã³ã§äžå¯è§£ãªæ»ãéãã以é50幎以äžã«äºã£ãŠã¶ã¯ãœã³ãå§ããšããåéšã¢ã©ãã¢ã¯æ°é äž»ãæåŠããåã³å®å
šãªèªæ²»ç¶æ
ã«ãªãã
çéœãã€ããè³é«ç¥ãã¡ãªã¹ãå¥ããç¥èçåœã§ãåœæ°ã®å€§åããã¡ãªã¹ä¿¡è
ã§ãããåéšã§ã«ãã³çåœãæ±éšã§ã¢ã©ãã¢çåœãåéšã§ãã¬ã€ã çåœã西éšã§ã¢ã¹ã«æ¥ããŠãããæåéãããŒãã¹å³¶ã®äžå¿ã«äœçœ®ããŠãã匷åœã
åäž»å¶ã§ã¯ãããäžè¥²ã¯åŠå®ãã代ã
ã®åœçã¯èéšå£«å£ããéžã°ããããšãæ
£äŸãšãªã£ãŠãããéžåºããéãéå»ã«çã茩åºããŠããªãè¡çµ±ã奜ãŸããããæ£çŸ©ãšç§©åºãã®åã®äžã«èéšå£«å£ãšãã¡ãªã¹æå£ã«ããææãª(ããæå³ã§ã¯ç¬åçãª)æ¿çãåãããšãå€ããéç¥æŠäºæã«ã¯åœæã®ã¯ãŒã¬ã³çãçæ°ãšç
ã«åããåŸç¶è
ãæ±ºãŸããªãçäžåšãšããç°åžžäºæ
ã§ãããã€ãã«èéšå£«å£ããã¡ãªã¹æå£ãæå¹ãªå¯ŸçãåãåŸãªãã£ããéç¥æŠäºåŸã¯ãå
è±éãã®äžäººã§ãèéšå£«å£ãæããŠåç¬ã§ãçŸã®åè
ãã«å ãã£ããçœãéšå£«ããã¡ãŒã³ãå³äœããã
è±éæŠäºã§ã¯ãè±éçããã¡ãŒã³ãæŽãã察ããŒã¢é£åã®çäž»ãšããŠãæé»çåžããã«ãã®ããŒãã¹å³¶çµ±äžã®åã«ç«ã¡ã¯ã ãããæçµæ±ºæŠã§èŸããåå©ãããããã¡ãŒã³çã®æŠæ»ãã¯ããåœãåŸãã»ã©ã®å€§ææãèã£ãã
ãã®åŸãç¶ãã ãšãçã¯ãäŸå€çã«ç¥å®åºèº«ã§ãããããç¥å®çããšåŒã°ãããã®æ²»äžäžã§åœåã®ååŸ©ãšæ§é 奪éã«å°å¿µãããéªç¥æŠäºã«ãåæŠããããåŸå¹Žã®åœåã«ã¯ãŸã åã°ãããŸãç©å¥ãªãšãçã®æ§æ Œããã£ãŠããã¬ã€ã äž»å°ã®æŠãã«å å¢ãã圢ãšãªãã
宿æµã§ããããŒãã¹æå€§ã®å¢åãã¡ã©ãªã¹æå£ãšã®æŠããšãªã£ãããŒã¢å³¶ã§ã®æçµæ±ºæŠã§ã¯ãæé»ç¥éèšãªã©ã®èçãªåæã«éããèéšå£«å£ã®2/3ãšæ°å
µã®åæ°ã倱ã倧ããªè¢«å®³ãåããããŸããæé«åžç¥ã·ã§ãŒãã«ã«ããæé»ç¥éèšã®å Žã«å±
åãããŠç³åãå
ããã®ã¯ããã¡ãªã¹ã®åŒ·ãå è·ã«å®ããããšãçãã äžäººã§ãã£ãã
çµæ«æŠäºåŸã«ãšãçã¯éäœããŠèè·ã«å°å¿µãã代ãã£ãŠãŠã£ã³ãã³ãåœçã«å³äœããã
éŠéœãã¬ãŒããçåã¯ã¢ãŒã¯ã»ããŒããè±éæŠäºã®4幎åã«ããŒãã¹å³¶åéšã®ç æŒ å°åž¯ã«å»ºåœãããæ°èåœãå€ä»£éæ³çåœæä»£ããé·å¹Žã«æž¡ã£ãŠã颚ã®éšæããšãçã®éšæãã®äºå€§éç§æ°ã察ç«ãç¶ããŠããäžåž¯ã§ããã¬ã€ã çåœã¯é¢šã®éšæã®æ¯æãåããåå
µåºèº«ã®ã«ã·ã¥ãŒã建åœããã
è±éæŠäºã«ã¯é£åœãŽã¡ãªã¹çåœããã®èŠè«ã«å¿ããŠåæŠããäž¡éã®äžéšèšã¡ã®ããšåã¡æ®ã£ããã«ããã«ã·ã¥ãŒçãèšã¡æãããªã©æŽ»èºã瀺ããããã®åŸã¯æµå¯ŸããŠããçã®éšæãåã蟌ã¿åœå
ãçµ±äžãæŽã«ã«ãã³ããŽã¡ãªã¹ããã®é£æ°æµå
¥ã§æ··ä¹±ããŠããåéšã®éœåžåœå®¶ããŒã©ã³ãããŒããŒãåžåããæ¥éã«åœå
ã®ç€ŸäŒåºç€ã匷åããŠãã£ãããŸãè¥æ²ãªæªéå°ãç«ç«ã®ç©çå Žããžã®å
¥æ€ã«æåããããŒã¢åžåœã®ããŒãã¹æ¬å³¶äŸµæ»ä»¥éã統治èœåãäœäžããŠããèªç±è²¿æéœåžã©ã€ãã³ãä¿è·äžã«å ããæŠä¹±ã§ç²åŒããä»åœãã匷åœãšããŠèªç¥ãããã«è³ãã
ãããåœåã®å€§åãå ããŠããç æŒ å°åž¯ã¯ãçã®éç¥äºä»¶ãã§ç²Ÿéåãæ£åžžåããããåŸã
ã«ãã€ãŠã®è¥æ²ãªåå£ã«æ»ãã€ã€ããã飿°å
¥æ€å°ãç«ç«ã®ç©çå Žãã®çºå±ãšåãããŠåœåã®åäžã¯å°ãç¶ããŠãããäžæ¹ã§ç æŒ ã®ç·åãé²ãã«ã€ããæ°Žå®³ãå€çºããããã«ãªããæ²»æ°Žãæ°ããªèª²é¡ã«ãªã£ãŠãããåœåã¯çéœã®äžå¿ã«ãã£ãçåã¢ãŒã¯ã»ããŒãããåºç€ãå·ã«äŸµèãããããã«ãªã£ãããšã§ã西端ã®äžãžãšç§»è»¢ããã
ææã§è¡æãªã«ã·ã¥ãŒçã®çµ±æ²»ã®äžã§ããŒãã¹è«žåœã®æå°çç«å Žã確ç«ãéªç¥æŠäºã§ã¯ç©æ¥µçã«éªç¥é»æ¢ã«åããããŒã¢å¯ãã®ã¢ã©ãã¢çåœãçªç ŽããŠã«ãŒãã®è¡ã«åããçãç«ãŠãããé·æã®å
æŠã«ããæŽæŠã®éšå£«ã»æŠå£«ã®æã£ãã¢ã©ãã¢è»ã«èŠæŠã匷ãããããã«ã·ã¥ãŒçã®å¥®æŠãšãŠã©ãŒãããã¬ãŒãã®å©å¢ã§èŸããã¢ã©ãã¢ãäžãããé·ããå¹³åãªæä»£ã享åããŠãããã¬ã€ã è»ã®è¢«å®³ã¯äºæ³ãé¥ãã«è¶ããç©ã ã£ãã
ããŒã¢æ¬å³¶ã§ã¯ååœã®è»ã«å
é§ããŠå
é£ãåããéã®æ£®ã§ã®æŠãã§ã¯å¬åããããçã®ç²ŸéçããšããªãŒãã«ãããç æŒ ã®é·¹ãéšå£«å£ãã©ã¶ã«éãå
šæ»
ãããªã©ãå€å€§ãªç ç²ãæãã€ã€ããéªç¥æŠäºã«åå©ãããéªç¥æŠäºåŸãæé»ã®å³¶ããŒã¢ãé£ã³å°ã®ãã¬ã€ã é ããŒã¢å
¬åœãšããŠçµ±æ²»ãæ£åžžåã«åãçµãããã«ãŒãã£ã¹æå£ã®è¥²æã«ããããŒã¢å
¬åœã¯æ»
亡ãããå
¬åœã®æ®å
ãããŒãã¹ã®éšå£«ããŒã³çãã矩åè»ã«ãã£ãŠã«ãŒãã£ã¹æå£ã¯é§éããããããã¬ã€ã é ãšããŠã®äœå¶ç¶æã¯äžå¯èœãšèªããããåŸããçæã¯åäžæ°æã§ãããªããããŒã¢çåœãç¬ç«ãããããšã«ãªãã
çµ±äžåœå®¶ã§ã¯ãªããæå±ååœã®åœçã®äžããéžåžäŒè°ã§å
¬çãéžã°ã諞åœå®¶ã代衚ãã圢åŒã®å
¬åœ(å
¬åœãšã¯äžè¬ã«ãçåœã®äžã§é«ãèªæ²»æš©ãæã€è²Žæé ãæå³ããåŸè¿°ã®ããŒã¢å
¬åœããã¡ãã®æå³ã§ã®ãå
¬åœãã ããã¢ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯éã«çåœã®éåäœããå
¬åœãã§ãã)ãããŒãã¹å³¶å西éšãå ãã山岳å°åž¯ã«ãã€ã©ã³ããããŒã±ãŒã³ããŽã§ãã³ãªã©å€§å°ã®åœå®¶ã岿 ããååœã®åœçã¯ã倪å®ããšãåŒã°ãããæ»
亡ããåã®ãã¯ãŒãåœãç³ã®çåœãã¯ãã¢ã¹å°æ¹åæ±éšã«ãã山岳å°åž¯ã«ååšããŠããããã¢ã¹å
¬åœã«ã¯å«ãŸããªãã
å€ããã諞åœéã®å°ç«¶ãåããé »ç¹ã«èµ·ããæŠããçµ¶ããªãäºããæŠç¥ãã€ãªãŒã®ä¿¡åŸãå€ãã®ãç¹åŸŽã§ãâæŠç¥ã®çåœâãšãèšããããä»ã«ãç«ãå€ãäœãããšããâç«ã®çåœâãšãèšãããã
çŸåšã®ã¢ã¹å
¬åœã¯å¡ã250幎åã«ãåœæã®ã©ã€ãã³çåœã®è
åšã«å¯ŸæããŠçµã°ãã察å€çžäºé²è¡åå®ãšãèšãã¹ããç«ã®ççŽãã«åºã¥ããŠèªçãå çåœã¯ç«ã«å ãã äºã€åãæã€ãã¢ã¹å€éšããã®äŸµç¥ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ã¢ã¹å
¬çãäžå¿ã«å
ãé£åäœã圢æããŠå¯Ÿæãããã®é£åéšå£«å£ãçžæã«ã¢ã¹äŸµç¥ã«æåããåœå®¶ã¯æªã ãªãããããåœå
ã§ã®è¡åã§ã¯ãç«ã®ççŽãã¯å¹åãæãããå©å®³é¢ä¿ã«ãã足䞊ã¿ã®ä¹±ããèµ·ããæãåŸåã«ãããå®éã«è±éæŠäºæã«ã¯ããŒã¢åžåœã®å·¥äœã«ãã£ãŠã察ããŒã¢é£åè»ããè±èœããŠããã
éç¥æŠäºãŸã§ã«ã¯åœå®¶ã®æ·æ±°ãé²ãã§ãããåéšã®ãã€ã©ã³ããåéšã®ããŒã±ãŒã³ãåæ±ã®ãŽã§ãã³ãªã©å°æ°ã®æååœã«ãã寡é äœå¶ãšèšã£ãŠè¯ãç¶æ
ã«ãªã£ãŠãããéç¥ãšã®æŠãã®äžã§ã¢ã¹çµ±äžãžã®æ©éãçãäžããããç«éšå£«ãã·ã§ã«ã®å€±èžªã«ããçµ±äžã¯æããªãã£ããè±éæŠäºåŸã¯ããŒã¢ãããçã®å·šäººããäžãããããŽã§ãã³çåœããã€ã©ã³ãçåœãé€ãåœã
ãå¶å§ããã¢ã¹çµ±äžã«çæããããããã®åŸãçã®å·šäººããåãããã€ã©ã³ãã®åæãå§ãŸããéªç¥æŠäºåŸåã«ãã€ã©ã³ãçåœãåããŠå®è³ªçãªåœå®¶çµ±äžãæãéããã
ååã®éŠéœã«ãã³ã«ããçåã¯ã·ã£ã€ãã³ã°ã»ãã«ãããŒãã¹å³¶åæ±ã®çåœãåéšã§ãŽã¡ãªã¹ã»ã¢ã©ãã¢ãšåœå¢ãæ¥ããã西éšã«ã¯æµ·ãæãã§ã¢ã¹å°æ¹ããããåéšæ²åãã«æé»ã®å³¶ããŒã¢ãããã
ã¢ã©ãã¢ã®çå®¶ãšã¯çžæé¢ä¿ã§ããããŸãã¢ã©ãã¢ã«æ¬¡ãæŽå²ãèªããäŒçµ±çã«æŠåããæåãéãããåœæã§ãã£ãããæ°èããŒã¢åžåœã®æ¥è¥²ã®åã«èãã厩å£ããã
è±éæŠäºåŸãããŒã¢åžåœã«ããå§æ¿ãç¶ããããåºå¥ããŠããçæå¯äžã®çãæ®ãã第äžçåã¬ãªããŒã«ãããã«ãã³èªç±è»ãã®æŽ»èºã§è§£æŸããããããã貎æã»éšå£«éã«ããŒã¢åžåœãžæå±ãããã®ãããŒã¢ã®æ¯é
ã«æµæãããã®ãã«ãã³èªç±è»ããæ°ãã«åçµã»åå²ããããã®ãªã©ãæ··åšããããã«ãªã£ãããšããäžåºŠåœãæ»
ãã ããçã®æš©åšãæºããã ããšãªã©ãããæå貎æã®çºèšåã匷ãæå»·å
ã®çµ±äžãæ¬ ãç¶æ
ãç¶ããŠããã
ããŒãã¹å³¶ã®åéšã«äœçœ®ããå³¶ããããã¯å³¶ãé åãšããåœå®¶ãã¢ã¬ã¯ã©ã¹ã倧éžããã¯ãåªãããå³¶ããšåŒã°ããããŒãã¹å³¶ã«ãããŠããæ Œæ®µã«éã®åã匷ããæé»ã®å³¶ããšåŒã°ãããããŒãã¹æ¬å³¶ãšã®äº€æã人ã®äº€æµã¯æç¶çã«ç¶ããããŠãããå®å
šã«å€ç«ããå³¶ãšèšãèš³ã§ã¯ãªããåéšã«ããæž¯çºãµã«ãããããŒãã¹æ¬å³¶ãšã®æµ·ã®çé¢å£ãšãªã£ãŠãããéã«å±ããçç©ãªã©ãå€ã棲æ¯ããŠãããäœè
ã®æ°Žéã«ãããšãããŒã¢å³¶ã®é¢ç©ã¯æåªççšåºŠã§ãããšã®ããšã
ç¥è©±ã®æä»£ãéªç¥ã«ãŒãã£ã¹ã®åªããæå°éã«é£ãæ¢ããããã倧尿¯ç¥ããŒãã¡ã«ããããŒãã¹å³¶æ¬å³¶ããåãé¢ããããšãããããã®çºã沿岞éšã¯åãç«ã£ãåŽãå€ããäžå€®éšã«ããããŒã¢çåå°äžã®å€§ç©ºæŽã«ã¯ç³åããã«ãŒãã£ã¹ã®äº¡éªžã§ãããšãããã巚倧ãªã«ãŒãã£ã¹åãååšããŠãããåéšã¯ãéã®æ£®ããšåŒã°ããåçæãåºãããéã®æ£®ã«ã¯ããŒã¯ãšã«ããè®æãåŠéãéç£ã棲æ¯ããŠãããããã以å€ã®å Žæã«ãæ§ã
ãªéç£ãåŠéãæ£²æ¯ããããŸãæé»ç¥ãã¡ã©ãªã¹å€§ç¥æ®¿ã®å°äžã«ã¯é»ç¿Œã®éªç«ããŒã¹ãç ã£ãŠããŠãé·ãäŒç æãšçãæŽ»åæã®ã¹ãã³ã§ããšãããããŒã¢ã®äœäººã襲æããŠããããã®ãããªåå°ã§ããããã远ããã身ã«ãªã£ããã®ãæµåã«ãªã£ãŠæ¥ãæªäººãå€ããéªæªã§ãªããã°çãæãããšãã§ããªãåå°æã«ãªã£ãŠããã
è¡ã«äœã人ééãéã®æ£®ã®è®æãéã®æ£®ã®ããŒã¯ãšã«ãããã®ä»ã«ã倿°ã®éã®ç·å±ããªã©ã®å€§å°ã®è«žå¢åã岿 ããŠãããçµ±äžåœå®¶ãèªçããããšãæŽå²äžã«å¹ŸåºŠããã£ããããã®ã»ãšãã©ã極ããŠçåœã®ãã¡ã«æ»
亡ããŠãããçŽ500幎åã«å¢åããµãã£ãè®æã®ã«ãŒãã£ã¹æå£ãã«ãŒãã£ã¹ã®äº¡éªžãããå°äžã«ãŒãã£ã¹ç¥æ®¿ã®äžã«å¢ç¯ããç ŠããçŽ200幎åã«ããŒã¢ãçµ±äžãããã«ãã€çåœã«ãã£ãŠåãžãšæ¹ç¯ãããããšã§ã³ã³ã¯ã¡ã©ãŒå(çåã³ã³ã¯ã¡ã©ãŒãšã)ãšåœåããããã«ãã€çåœæ»
亡以éãæ¯é
è
ãå€ãããã³ã«ã³ã³ã¯ã¡ã©ãŒåã¯ãã匷åºãªåãžãšæ¹ç¯ãããŠãã£ããåŸã«åžéœãšãªãåå¡éœåžãã«ã»ã€ãéç§°ããŒã¯ã¿ãŠã³(ãã«ããæ²»ããéã«å€§æ¹ç¯ãè¡ãããéœåžãšããŠã®äœè£ãæã£ã)ãšæž¯æ¹Ÿéœåžãµã«ãã(éç§°ã·ã£ããŒã·ãã£)ã®äºå€§éœåžãè®æä»¥å€ã®äººéã®äžå¿çãªæŽ»åå°ã«ãªã£ãŠãã(ããŒã¢å³¶ã§éœåžãšããŠæ©èœããŠããã®ã¯ãã®äºã€ã ã)ããã«ãçããããŒã¢åžåœã«ããçµ±äžã®åã¯ãæé»ç¥ãã¡ã©ãªã¹æå£ãææ®ºè
ãæããçè³ã®ã«ããæŠè£
åè¹å£ã倿°ã®å¥Žé·ãæ¯é
ãã倧å°äž»ãªã©ã®æåè
ã§æ§æãããè©è°äŒã人éã®é åã®æ¯é
è
ã«ãªã£ãŠããã
éç¥æŠäºåŸãå
è±éã®äžäººã赀髪ã®åå
µããã«ããããŒã¢åžåœã建åœããçæéã§æ¥µããŠåŒ·åºãªæ¯é
äœå¶ãæ§ç¯ããããšã«æåããããã«ã亡ãåŸã¯ãã¢ã·ã¥ã©ã (æé»éšå£«å£å£é·)ããã°ããŒã(äž»åžå®®å»·éè¡åž«)ãã·ã§ãŒãã«(ãã¡ã©ãªã¹æå£æé«åžç¥)ãã«ãŒãŒã(ããŒã¯ãšã«ãæé·)ã®æåè
4åã«ããè©è°äŒã統治ããããŸããã®é ã«ç ã£ãŠããéªç«ããŒã¹ãåã³æŽ»åæã«å
¥ã£ãŠæŽãåã£ãããè©è°äŒã¡ã³ããŒã®æŽ»èºã«ããéªç«ããŒã¹ãæåŸãã以éã®è¢«å®³ãåããŠããã
éªç¥æŠäºã«ããããŒã¢åžåœã¯æ»
亡ããŠãã¬ã€ã çåœã®é åãšãªãããã¬ã€ã ã®å°è»ã«ããŠã«ã·ã¥ãŒã®è
¹å¿ã§ããã·ã£ãã ã倪å®ã«å°±ä»»ããããã®æãçåã³ã³ã¯ã¡ã©ãŒã¯ãŠã£ã³ãã¬ã¹ããåžéœãã«ã»ã€ã¯ãŠã£ã³ãã£ã¹ã«æ¹ç§°ãããçåã®å°äžã¯ããŒãã¡ç¥æ®¿ãžæ¹è£
ããããåŸã«ãã¬ã€ã é ããŒã¢å
¬åœãšãªããã¹ããŒã¯ãå
¬çã«å³äœããããã«ãŒãã£ã¹æå£ã®èèµ·ã«ãã£ãŠã¹ããŒã¯ã¯è¡æ¹äžæã«ãªããçåãå æ ããåœå®¶äœå¶ã厩å£ãããã¹ããŒã¯ãåž°éãã«ãŒãã£ã¹æå£ãé§éããåŸãããŒãã¹è«žåœã®æ¿èªãåŸãŠç¬ç«åœããŒã¢çåœãšãªãããçåœã®æ³ã«åŸãéãã¯åŠéãéªç¥ä¿¡è
ãåœæ°ãšããŠèªããããšããä»åœã«ã¯ãªãæ¿çãæ¡ã£ãŠããã諞åœããéªæªãšã®çå°ãæºããåžžã«éé£ãããŠãããããããã®éªæªãªååšãåœå€ãžæµåºãããªã©ã®äºæ
ã¯èµ·ãããŠããããåœå
ã«ãããŠã峿 Œãªçµ±æ²»ãç¶ç¶ããŠããã
ãããã®åœå®¶ã»å°åã®ä»ã«ããããã€ãã®ç¬ç«ããéèœãååšããŠããã
ãã³ã³ããã£ãŒã¯ãã§1986幎9æå·ããé£èŒããããªãã¬ã€ã®ç¬¬1éšãšç¬¬2éšã«ãããŠã¯ãŸã ç¬èªã·ã¹ãã ã¯ç¡ãããD&Dèªäžã©ã€ãããšé¡ããŠãD&Dãã玹ä»ããç®çãæã£ãŠã¯ã©ã·ãã¯D&Dã«ç¬èªã®äžç芳ãä¹ãã圢ã«ãªã£ãŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã®TRPGããŒã ã®ç«åœ¹è
ã§ã¯ãã£ãããé·ããåè¡æ¬åãããªãã£ããçç±ã¯ãéèªã®èšäºãªãåé¡ç¡ãããåè¡æ¬ãšèšãååãšããŠå£²ãåºããªãäœ¿çšæãD&Dã®çæš©å
ã«æããªããŠã¯ãªããªãçºããšåŸã«ãã³ã³ããã£ãŒã¯ãã«æžãããŠããããã®ãããäžèšã®ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšã³ã³ãããªã³ããäœãããäºãšãªãã第äžéšã第äºéšã¯ãã®ã«ãŒã«ã䜿ã£ãŠåãã¬ã€ãããã®ãåè¡æ¬åãããšèšãåãéã«ãªã£ãã
ããŠã©ãŒããã¯ãæ¥æ¬ç14å·(1988幎2æ)ã«ããã³ãã«ãº&ãããŒã«ãºã»ãŠã£ãºã»ããŒãã¹ã¢ã€ã©ã³ãããšé¡ããŠããT&TããçšããŠããŒãã¹å³¶ãèå°ã«ãã¬ã€ã§ããããèšå®ãã·ããªãªãµã³ãã«ããªãã¬ã€ãªã©ãæ²èŒãããããªãã¬ã€ã¯ãRPGãªãã¬ã€ ããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèš IIãã®å·»æ«ã«ãåé²ãããã
ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšãã®ãªãªãžãã«RPGã·ã¹ãã ãšããŠã¯æåã®äœåãããœã³ã³çšã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã²ãŒã çã®ã·ã¹ãã ãTRPGçšã«ã¢ã¬ã³ãžããç©ã§ããªãã¬ã€é£èŒç¬¬2éšãŸã§äœ¿çšãããŠãããD&Dãã®åœ±é¿ã匷ãåããªãããç¬èªã®è¡çºå€å®ã·ã¹ãã ãæ¡çšããŠããã
ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšã³ã³ãããªã³ãã®ç¹åŸŽçãªã·ã¹ãã ãšããŠéäžåããããããã¯ãã²ãŒã äžã®è¡çºå€å®ã«éããéåžžã®èœåã䜿ã£ãå€å®ãšã¯å¥ã«ãéäžåãåºæºãšããåå€å®ãè¡ãããšããã«ãŒã«(ãã ãããã®åå€å®ãè¡ããåæ°ã¯æéã§ããããã䜿ãã©ãããéžã¶å¿
èŠããã)ãããã¯ãè±éåè£ãããã¬ã€ã€ãŒãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®æèœã倩éã衚çŸããããŒããŒãã€ã³ãçãªãã®ã§ããã
ãã³ã³ãããªã³ããåºç€ã«ããç¹æããã転è·ãã«ãã£ãŠå€æ§ãªãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã衚çŸã§ããããæ§æãããã·ã¹ãã ãããã¬ãã«ãé«ãè
ããç¹èšãåããããšã§ã¬ãã«ã¢ããå¯èœããããããéæ³æŠå£«ã«è»¢è·ãããšãç¬èªã®éæ³æŠå£«éæ³ã䜿ããããªã©ããã®ã·ã¹ãã ã«ããèšè¿°ããªããä»ã®ã·ã¹ãã ãå°èª¬çãšã¯ç°ãªãããŒã¿ã幟ã€ãååšããã
ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšã³ã³ãããªã³ããšã®ããã²ãšã€ã®çžéç¹ã¯ããã®ã·ã¹ãã ãæåã«çºå£²ãããæç¹ã§ãããŒãã¹å³¶äŒèª¬ãã®å°èª¬å±éãå§ãŸã£ãŠããããšã§ããããã®ãããéç¥æŠäºæä»£ãæ±ã£ãŠãããã®ã·ã¹ãã çã®ãªãã¬ã€åè¡æ¬ã¯ãããŒãã¹å³¶äŒèª¬ãã®ã¿ã€ãã«ãå ããŠåè¡ããããããŒãã¹å³¶äŒèª¬ã®äœåãªã¹ããåç
§ã
2018幎ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèš30åšå¹Žãèšå¿µããŠäœãããæ°è£
çããã³ã³ãããªã³ãåã³ãããŒãã¹å³¶RPGããå
ã«ã¢ããããŒããå ãã£ãŠããã
æ¬æ¥ã¯ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšããšã¯ç¬ç«ããŠå±éãããŠããã·ã¹ãã ã ã£ããããããŒãã¹å³¶ã¯ãŒã«ãã¬ã€ããã®çºå£²ã«ãã£ãŠããããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšãããœãŒãã¯ãŒã«ãRPGãžçµ±åããããšãå¯èœã«ãªã£ãããã®ãšã远å ãããã«ãŒã«ãšããŠããœãŒãã¯ãŒã«ãã®ã·ã¹ãã ããéžè±ããããŒãã¹å³¶ã®è±éãã¡ã®æŽ»èºãåççã«åçŸã§ããè¶
è±éãã€ã³ãã®ã«ãŒã«ããããè¶
è±éãã€ã³ããæã€ãã®ã¯10ã¬ãã«ãäžéã§ããéåžžã®è±éãè±éåè£ãè¶
ããè³è³ªãæã€ååšãšããŠãè¶
è±éãè¶
10ã¬ãã«ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãšåŒã°ããã
è¶
è±éãã€ã³ãã䜿ãã°è¡çºå€å®ã®ããçŽããã§ããã»ããèªåã®ã¬ãã«ä»¥äžã®éæ³ã®äœ¿çšãéºå€±éæ³ã®æ¢ç¥åãäžäœç²Ÿéãšã®ççŽãæµæå€å®ã®èªåæåããªã©ãè¡ããããŸããé¢é£ããã¬ãã«ãäžéã¬ãã«ã§ããã¬ãã«10以äžãªããæåå€å®ã®èªåæåãç¥ã身ã«éèšããéã®éã®ç Žæ»
ã®åé¿ãã¬ãã«11以äžãžã®ã¬ãã«ã¢ãããªã©ãå¯èœãæ¶è²»ããè¶
è±éãã€ã³ãã¯ã·ããªãªçµäºæã«ååŸ©ãæ¶è²»ããããšã§æå€§å€ãå¢å ããã广ã®äžã«ã¯æå€§å€ãæžå°ãããŠäœ¿çšãããã®ãããã
æ¬é
ã§ã¯æ²èŒåŸãæžç±ãªã©ã«åé²ãããŠããªããã®ãèšèŒããŠããã
ãD&Dèªäžã©ã€ãã»ããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšãªãã¬ã€ç¬¬1éšã(äœ:å®ç°åãšã°ã«ãŒãSNE / çµµ:åºæžè£)
ãD&Dèªäžã©ã€ãã»ããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšãªãã¬ã€ç¬¬2éšã
ãããŒãã¹å³¶RPGãã®ã·ããªãªããªãã¬ã€ãèªè
åå äŒç»ãªã©ãæ²èŒããã®å€ããæ¬ç·šã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãã®åŸã®ããŒãã¹å³¶ã®æŽå²ãå€ããããã
ã·ããªãª
ããµã«ããŒã³ã®éæ³æžã(ã³ã³ãRPG Vol.1)
ãææ®ºã®éæã(ã³ã³ãRPG Vol.6å¥åä»é²)
ã亡è
ã®è¡£ã(ã³ã³ãRPG Vol.8)
ãé圱跳æ¢ã(ã³ã³ãRPG 1994.10æå·)
ãéç¥ææ¡ã®æã(ã³ã³ãRPG 1994.12æå·å¥åä»é²)
1994幎11æ6æ¥ã®è§å·TRPGã³ã³ãã³ã·ã§ã³'94ã§ãã¬ã€ããããã·ããªãªãã¶ã€ã³ã¯å°å·çŽäººã
ã·ããªãª&ãªãã¬ã€
è§å·TRPGã³ã³ãã³ã·ã§ã³ã®äŒç»ã§ã²ã¹ãã«ãããã¬ã€ãè¡ãããããã®ã·ããªãªãšãªãã¬ã€ãæ²èŒãããŠãããPCã¯æ°å€ã®ã¿çšæãããŠãããã¬ã»ããŒã«ããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã§ããã
ãæé»ã®ãã¬ãªã¥ãŒãã(ã³ã³ãRPG Vol.4)
ãéç³ã®å°å°ã(ã³ã³ãRPG Vol.5)
ãé嶺ã®ç¥æ®¿ã(ã³ã³ãRPG Vol.10)
èªè
åå äŒç»
ããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšèªè
åå ãã³ã¬ãéã®å³¶ã®èŠå¡ã(åäœå±±æ¬åŒã»é«å±±æµ©ã»ã°ã«ãŒãSNEãäœç»æµŠç°ãã²ã)
ã¹ã³ãŠ(ã·ã£ãŒãã³ ãšã«ã ç·)
ãã¬ã€ã¹(ãœãŒãµã©ãŒ ããŒããšã«ã 女)
ã²ãŒãã¯(ã©ãŒãã®ããªãŒã¹ã ãã¯ãŒã ç·)
ãã©ããŒ(ã¹ã«ãŠã 人é 女)
ãã¬ã€ã¯(ãã¬ã€ã ã®ãã€ã 人é ç·)
ããŒãã¹å³¶RPG ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒ&ãã£ã³ããŒã³ãç°è²ã®åè
ã(ããã¹ã:é«å±±æµ© / çµµ:ãããšãã€ãã:é«ç°ããã:æ©éäžé¡)
ããŒã°ãã€ã³(ãã€ã 人é ç·)
ã·ã«ãã£ã¹(ã·ã£ãŒãã³ ããŒã¯ãšã«ã 女)
ããã(ã¹ã«ãŠã ã°ã©ã¹ã©ã³ã㌠女)
ãã¥ãŒã·ãŒ(ãœãŒãµã©ãŒ 人é 女)
ã¬ãã«(ãã€ãªãŒã®ããªãŒã¹ã ãã¯ãŒã ç·)
ã®ãŠã«(軜æŠå£« 人é ç·)
ã«ãŒã©
ãªãªã³
ãµãŠãžãŒã
ãéã®å·«å¥³ã
ããŒã©
ã¬ãã³
ãã°ããŒã
圱
ã€ãŒãªã¢
ãã©ãã·ã¥
ã¬ã³å§«
ç¹èšããªãéãåäœè
ã¯æ°Žéè¯ã
1990幎ãã1991幎ã«å¶äœã»çºå£²ããããå
š13話ãå
š13巻环èšã®ç·åºè·æ¬æ°ã¯55äžæ¬ã2006幎ã«DVDã§åŸ©å»ããŠãããåäœå°èª¬ããŸã é£èŒäžã§ãã£ãé ã«å¶äœããããããçµæ«ã倧å¹
ã«ç°ãªãããŸãã岿ããããšããœãŒãããã£ãããå°èª¬ã§ã¯æ»äº¡ãããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãçãæ®ã£ãŠãããããã®éãããã第1è©±ã¯æç³»åãšããŠã¯åŸã«ãªããã¯ãŒãã®å€§ãã³ãã«ã§ããŒã³ãã¡ãã¢ãŒã¹ãã©ãŽã³ãšæŠããšããœãŒã(第5話ãšç¬¬6話ã®é)ã§ãããå®éã®ç©èªã¯ç¬¬2話ããå§ãŸãã岿ããããšããœãŒãã®ãã¡ã第äºéšãçã®éç¥ãã«ã€ããŠã¯åã声åªã§ã©ãžãªãã©ãåãããã
ç»å Žãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®ãã¡ãããŒã¯ãšã«ãã®ããããŒã¹ã«ã€ããŠã¯åœåOVAçãªãªãžãã«ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã§ãã£ãããäœè
ãæ°ã«å
¥ãåäœå°èª¬ãžãã£ãŒãããã¯ããããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã§ããã補äœã«æ±äº¬æŸé(TBS)ãã¯ã¬ãžãããããŠããããšãããããTBS奥ããŸåå Žã(å€äŒã¿ã¢ãã¡ãã§ã¹ã¿ãå¬äŒã¿ã¢ãã¡ãã§ã¹ã¿ãªã©)ã®æéæ å
ã«ãããŠãéå»ã«å¹ŸåºŠãæŸéãè¡ãããŠãããCSã§ã¯ããã£ã³ãã«NECOåã³AT-XãæŸéãè¡ã£ãŠããããŸããããœã³ã³ãã¬ãGyaOã§ãå
š13話ã幟床ãç¡æé
ä¿¡ãããã
çºå£²å
ã¯ãã¯ã¿ãŒé³æ¥œç£æ¥(çŸ:JVCã±ã³ãŠããã»ãã¯ã¿ãŒãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ã)ã
1998幎4æ1æ¥ãã9æ30æ¥ãŸã§ãã¬ãæ±äº¬ç³»åã§æŸéãããã
æ°Žéè¯ã®ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒå°èª¬ã·ãªãŒãºãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšããåäœãšããã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³äœåãè§å·æžåºã®åååæš©ããžãã¹æ¬æ Œåå
¥ç¬¬1匟ã
åäœã¯ãã€ãŠ1床OVAåããŠããããæ¬äœåã¯åŸåéšã«æ°äž»äººå
¬ã¹ããŒã¯ãšããŒã¹ãç»å Žãããªã©ãOVAãªãªãŒã¹ä»¥éã®åäœã®å±éãçã蟌ã¿ãã¹ããŒãªãŒã®åç·šããªãããŠãããæ¬äœåã¯ãè±éæŠäºãçµçµåŸã®äžçããå§ãŸããååã¯ãç«ç«å±±ã®éç«ãã®ãšããœãŒããäžå¿ãšããŠæããåŸåã¯ã¹ããŒã¯ãšããŒã¹ã䞻人å
¬æ Œã«æ®ããæçµç« ãããŒãã¹ã®èéšå£«ãããæã£ãŠãããæ¬ç·šã®åŸãçç·šãšããŠæ¬ç·šãšåã声åªã§ãããããããŒãã¹å³¶ãž!ããæŸéãããŠããã
ã¹ããŒã¯ã䞻人å
¬ã«ãããããšããããããããŒãã¹å³¶ãž!ãã®ååšã¯ãããããäœå¹Žéœ¢å±€ã«åããé
æ
®ã§ããã
ååæŸéåœæ¥ã«ã¯ãã¬ãæ±äº¬ã®åäŸåãçªçµããã¯ã¹ã¿ãã«ãŠç޹ä»ãããŠãããããã³ãã³ãã³ããã¯ããšææºããŠããåçªçµã®ãç¹ã«åæã«ãããŠå°åŠé€šåäœã§ã¯ãªãã¢ãã¡ãåãäžããããçããäŸã§ããã
ãã®äœåã§ãã£ãŒããªãããæŒããæ°å±±å¿ä¿ã¯ç¬¬21話åé²åŸã«æ¥æ§çœè¡ç
ã§åããéç°é åã«æ¥éœäº€ä»£ãã圢ã§éæ¿ãæ°å±±ã¯ãã®2幎åŸã«å䜵çã§æ»å»ããããã圌女ã®éºäœãšãªã£ãã
ããŒãã¹å³¶å
šåãæºããããæŠä¹±ãè±éæŠäºãã5幎ãããŒã¢åžåœã®é»è¡£ã®éšå£«ã»ã¢ã·ã¥ã©ã ã¯ãããŒãã¹å³¶åæ±éšã«ããããŒãã¡å€§ç¥æ®¿ã蚪ããŠãããæã«å
¥ããã°ããŒãã¹ãå¶ããããšãã§ãããšäŒãããããæ¯é
ã®çé«ããå·¡ããããŒã³ãšãã£ãŒããªããããã¬ã€ã çã«ã·ã¥ãŒãããéç«ã»ã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¹ã¿ãŒã®æ£²ããç«ç«å±±ãã§ã¢ã·ã¥ã©ã ããšäºã(第8話ãŸã§)ã
ããããçŽ10幎åŸãããŒã³ã«æ§ããŠããå°å¹Žã»ã¹ããŒã¯ã¯ããã¬ã€ã çåœã®éšå£«èŠç¿ããšããŠæé·ããŠããããããšããã¹ããŒã¯ã¯çåã®å®ç©åº«ã«ããŒã¢åžåœã®ããŒã¯ãšã«ããçè³ãšããŠäŸµå
¥ããŠããå Žé¢ã«åºãããã圌ããåãéãããŠããŸãã圌ã¯ä»²éãã¡ãšãšãã«çãŸããå®çãéã®æ°Žæ¶çããåãæ»ããããããŒã¯ãšã«ããã¡ã远ãæ
ã«åºããéäžã§ãèªãã®éåœã«å°ãããå°å¥³ã»ããŒã¹ãšåºäŒããç¥èçåœãŽã¡ãªã¹ãç®æãããã®æ
ãããŒãã¹å³¶ã®åœéãããã詊緎ã«ãªããšãç¥ããã«(第9話以é)ã
第1話 - 第8話
第9話 - 第27話
2014幎4æãã6æãŸã§æŸéãããããªãæ åãœããã¯åç¬ååãšããŠã¯ååšããŠãããã2015幎1æçºå£²ã®å°èª¬ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšäžæ§ã(çºè¡:ãã£ã©ã¢ã)ã®ç¹è£
çã«å
š13話åé²ã®DVDãä»é²ãšãªã£ãŠããã
æ°ŽéäžåŠæ ¡3幎çã®ãã³ãšããªã¯ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšã(以äžãããŒãã¹ããšè¡šèš)ã®å€§ãã¡ã³ããã®äœåã®çŽ æŽããããåºããããšãšåæ¥èšå¿µãå
ŒããŠ2人ã¯åŠåç¥ã®åã§ãããŒãã¹ããæŒããããšã«ããããããžãã®äœåãå
šãç¥ããªããšãããšãããã ãã¹ã¬ã€ã³ãå®åãç¡çããåå ãããŠããŸãã
ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšããåäœãšããçŸãããããã®æŒ«ç»ããããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšãã®ã¹ããŒãªãŒã«æ²¿ããªãããå€ãã¯ã®ã£ã°ãã€ã¹ãã®4ã³ã挫ç»ã§æ§æãããŠããããæåå°å¹ŽãšãŒã¹ãã§é£èŒãããã
ã¢ãã¡åããããTVã¢ãã¡ãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèš-è±ééšå£«äŒ-ãå
ã®CããŒãã®çç·šã¢ãã¡ãšããŠæŸæ ããã(声åªã¯æ¬ç·šãšåäž)ã»ãã30åã®ã¢ãã¡æ ç»ãšããŠããMAZEâçç±æç©º 倩å€è
åšã®å€§å·šäººããšåæäžæ ã§ãäžèšã®ãã£ã¹ãã§1998幎4æ25æ¥ã«åå Žå
¬éããããŠããã
èå°çãããŒãã¹å³¶æŠèšãã®ã¿ã€ãã«ã§ã2017幎1æã«çŽäŒåå±ãµã¶ã³ã·ã¢ã¿ãŒã§äžæŒã第1å·»ãç°è²ã®é女ããããŒã¹ãšãªãèå°äœåãäœã»æŒåºã¯åç°è±æš¹ã
æåæŸéãšã©ãžãªå€§éªã«ãŠå
š16åã®æŸéãã颚ãšçã®éç¥ãã¯OVA2äœç®ãšãªãäŒç»ããã£ããããã³ãã£ã³ã°ãšãªã£ãŠãããå°æ¬çãä»ããCDã·ããçãšããçãç¶ãå°å¥³ã(è:æ°Žéè¯)ãåé²ãããæžç±æ±ãã®CDããã¯çãããã
çªçµæŸéæã«ã¯ååãããŒãœããªãã£ã»ã²ã¹ãã«ããããŒã¯ãåŸåã¯ãã©ãããŒããšãã圢åŒã ã£ããããŒãœããªãã£ã¯ç³ç°åœ°ãæ¡ç°è²Žåãã²ã¹ãã¯ãã©ãããŒãã®åºæŒé£(å¬éЬç±çŸãäžæå°åã)ã
ã«ã»ããããŒãçãšãCDçãããã1 - 3ã¯æžãäžããã®ãªãªãžãã«èæ¬ã1 - 5ã®CDçãšã¢ã¬ã³ãžãµã³ãã©ã䜵ãããã¹ãã·ã£ã«ããã±ãŒãžããããã
æ°è£
çãããŒã¹ã«ã髿©ç äºãšãéæœ€åã«ããæèªã§ã2018幎ããAudibleãããé æ¬¡ããŒã¿é
ä¿¡ã§ãªãŒãã£ãªããã¯åãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%82%B9%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%A6%E8%A8%98
|
6,234 |
Java Platform, Micro Edition
|
Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) ã¯æºåž¯é»è©±ãPDAããã¬ãã®ãããªãªãœãŒã¹ãå¶éãããããã€ã¹ã«ãããJavaã®å°åã»ãããJSR 68 ã§èŠå®ãããŠãããåœåã¯ãJava 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) ãšããåç§°ã ã£ãã
æ§ã
ãªããã€ã¹ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããããã³ã³ãã£ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãããã¡ã€ã«ãšåŒã°ãããã®ã§APIãå®çŸ©ããŠãããã³ã³ãã£ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®2ã€ãããã
æºåž¯é»è©±ã®ãããªéåãªCPUã察象ãšããã Java VMããæ°ãã«KVM (Kilobyte Virtual Machine) ãéçºããJava Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) ãšã¯äžéšäºææ§ããªããã®ã®æå°éã®æ©èœã§åäœããããã«ãããã®ã 次ã®ãããªãããã¡ã€ã«ãããã
æºåž¯é»è©±ã§æãåºãæ®åããŠãããããã¡ã€ã«ãææ°ã®ä»æ§ã¯JSR 271: Mobile Information Device Profile 3ã3äžä»£ç®ã®Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP3)ããã®ãªãã§ãå
šäœçãªæ©èœæ¡åŒµã®ä»ãããã€ã¹éã®çžäºæ¥ç¶æ§ãæ¡åŒµãããŠãããMIDP3ã§ã¯ãMIDP2ã®åŸæ¹äºææ§ãä¿ãããŠããã
MIDPäžã§åããé«ã¬ãã«ãªUIã©ã€ãã©ãªãšããŠãLightweight User Interface Toolkit (LWUIT) ãæäŸãããŠããã
NTTãã³ã¢ç€Ÿã®æºåž¯é»è©±äžã§å®è¡ããJavaã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããã®ãããã¡ã€ã«ã
Information Module Profile (IMP) ã¯ãèªå販売æ©ãçµã¿èŸŒã¿åãç£æ¥æ©åšãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã·ã¹ãã ãã·ã³ãã«ã§ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãæããããããã¯ãŒã¯ãžã®æ¥ç¶ãéå®ãããŠãããããªçµã¿èŸŒã¿ããã€ã¹ã®ããã®ãããã¡ã€ã«ã§ãããããšããšã¯ãSiemens MobileãšNokiaã«ãã£ãŠãJSR-195ãšããŠå°å
¥ãããIMP 1.0ã¯ãMIDP 1.0ãããŠãŒã¶ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹APIãé€ãããµãã»ããã§ããã
Connected Device Configurationã¯ãJava SEã®ãµãã»ããã§ããã®äžã«ã¯ãGUIé¢ä¿ãé€ããã»ãšãã©å
šãŠã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãå
¥ã£ãŠãããCLDCããããªãããªä»æ§ã§ããã ã«ãŒãããã»ãããããããã¯ã¹ãªã©ã®äžçšåºŠã®èœåããã£ãCPUã察象ã«ããã
Foundation Profileã¯ãJava ME Connected Device Configuration (CDC) ãããã¡ã€ã«ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ããã ãã®ãããã¡ã€ã«ã¯ãJava Platform, Standard Edition APIå
šãŠãå®è¡ã§ããJavaä»®æ³ãã·ã³ãå¿
èŠãšããããã€ã¹ã§äœ¿çšããããšãç®çãšããŠããã å
žåçãªå®è£
ã§ã¯ã远å ã®ãããã¡ã€ã«ã®ãµããŒãã«å¿ããŠããã®APIã®ãµãã»ããã䜿çšããã ãã®ä»æ§ã¯ãJava Community Processã®ãã®ã§éçºãããŠããã
Personal Basis Profileã¯ãFoundation Profileãæ¡åŒµãããã®ã§ã軜éãªGUI (AWTã®ãµãã»ãã) ãå«ãŸããŠããã
Personal Profileã¯ãPersonal Basis Profileãããã«æ¡åŒµãããã®ã§ãããå®å
šãªAWTã®ãµãã»ãããšJavaã¢ãã¬ãããµããŒããå«ãŸããŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã®æºåž¯é»è©±ã§ã¯au(KDDIã»æ²çžã»ã«ã©ãŒé»è©±é£å)ã®EZã¢ã㪠(Java)ãSoftBank(ãœãããã³ã¯)ã®S!ã¢ããªãWILLCOMã®Javaã¢ããªãMIDPãæ¡çšããŠãããNTTãã³ã¢ã®iã¢ããªã¯å瀟ãç¬èªã«äœæããDoJaãããã¡ã€ã«ãStarãããã¡ã€ã«ã䜿ã£ãŠãããåç€Ÿã®æ©èœãå°ããã€éããããçŸç¶ã§ã¯äºææ§ã¯å°ãªãã
éçºã¯ Java SE äžã§Micro Editionçšã®éçºããŒã«ãçµã¿åãããŠè¡ãã APIãå¿
èŠãªãã®ã«éã£ãŠå®è£
ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Platform,_Micro_Edition
|
6,235 |
ãŒãŠã¹
|
ãŒãŠã¹(å€åž: ÎÎΥΣ, ÎεÏÏ, Zeus)ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®äž»ç¥ããå
šç¥å
šèœã®ååšãããŒãç¥è©±ã®ãžã¥ãã¿ãŒ(ãŠãŒããã«)ãäžåœç¥è©±ã®å€©åžãããªã¹ãæãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã çã®å¯äžç¥ãšåæ§ãªããè³äžç¥ supreme god(ã¹ããªãŒã ãŽãã)ãã®å
žåãäžè¬çã«ãè³äžç¥ããŸãã¯ãæé«ç¥ãã¯ãåµé çèœåãäººæ Œçæ§è³ªãæã¡ãå
šç¥å
šèœã ãšãããŠããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯å®å®ã倩åãæ¯é
ãã倩空ç¥ã§ããã人é¡ãšç¥ã
åæ¹ã®ç§©åºãå®è·ã»æ¯é
ããç¥ã
ã®çã§ãããå®å®ãç Žå£ã§ããã»ã©åŒ·åãªé·ãæŠåšãšããå€ç¥æã®äžã«ãã£ãŠãå¯äžç¥çãªæ§æ Œã垯ã³ãã»ã©ã«çµ¶å¯Ÿçã§åŒ·å€§ãªåãæã€ã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ããŒãç¥è©±ã§ã¯ãŠãŒããã«(ãžã¥ãã¿ãŒ)ã«ãããããªãªã¥ã ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ã®å®¶æããã³äººé¡ã®äž¡æ¹ã®å®è·ç¥ã»æ¯é
ç¥ã§ãããç¥ã
ãšäººéãã¡ã®ç¶ãšèããããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯å€©ç©ºç¥ãšããŠãå
šå®å®ãé²ã»éšã»éªã»é·ãªã©ã®æ°è±¡ãæ¯é
ããŠããããã¥ã¯ããŒãã¹ã®äœã£ãé·é(ã±ã©ãŠãã¹)ãäž»ãªæŠåšãšããããã®åšåã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹æåŒ·ãšè¬³ãããã»ã©åŒ·å€§ãªãã®ã§ããã®é·éããŒãŠã¹ã䜿ãã°äžçãäžæã§çè§£ãããå
šå®å®ãçŒãå°œããããšãã§ããããã¥ãŒããŒã³ãšæŠãéã«ã¯ãäžç©ãåãå»ãéæ³ã®åã§ããã¢ããã¹ã®éãæŠåšãšããŠãããé·éã®äžæããé²ããæŽã«æµãç³åãããã¢ã€ã®ã¹ã®è©åœãŠ(èžåœãŠã楯ãšãã説ã)ãäž»ãªé²å
·ãšãããããã®é²å
·ã¯ããåšã®ã¢ããŒããŒã«è²žãåºãããããã®ä»ã«ãããææããšããç²åãã®ã¬ã³ãããã¢ãŒã«ãããŠççšããŠããã
ãå
èŒããšåŒã°ãã倩çã®èŒããçºã£ãé§ã«å±±çŸé©ã®èžåœãŠãã€ããèç£ã¯é·²ãèæšã¯ãªãŒã¯ãäž»èŠãªç¥æ®¿ã¯ããªãŒã¯ã®æšã®ããããã«ãã£ãŠç¥èšãäžãããšãŒãã€ãã¹ã®èå°ããŒããŒããããã³4幎ããšã«åœŒã®æ èªãç¥çŠããŠãªãªã³ããã¯å€§ç¥ãéããããªãªã¥ã³ãã¢ã«ãã£ãã
ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ç¥æã®ã¯ããã¹ãšã¬ã¢ãŒã®æ«ã®å(é·ç·ã®èª¬ããã)ã§ãããŒããŒã¹ãšãã»ã€ããŒã³ã®åŒãæ£åŠ»ã¯å§ã§ããããŒã©ãŒã§ããããã¬ãŒããŒãå§ã®ããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«çã®å¥³ç¥ãã¯ãããå€ãã®äººéã®å¥³æ§ãšã亀ãããåããããããšããããã
ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹åäºç¥ã®äžã§ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ãšã®éã«ã¢ããŒããŒãã¬ãŒããŒãšã®éã«ã¢ãããŒã³ãšã¢ã«ããã¹ããã€ã¢ãšã®éã«ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ããã£ãªãŒããŒãšã®éã«ã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒ(ãã¡ãŒãã¹ãã)ãããŒã©ãŒãšã®éã«ã¢ã¬ãŒã¹ãããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ããŸãããŒãã€ã®ç女ã»ã¡ã¬ãŒãšã®éã«ãã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ãããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«(äžèª¬ã«ã¯ã¹ãã¥ã¯ã¹)ãšã®éã«ãã«ã»ãããŒ(ãããã¯ã³ã¬ãŒ)ãããããããã®ä»ãèšæ¶ã®å¥³ç¥ã ããŒã¢ã·ã¥ããŒãšã®éã«9人ã®ã ãŒãµãã¡ãæµ·æŽã®å¥³ç¥ãšãŠãªã¥ãã¡ãŒãšã®éã«3人ã®ã«ãªã¹ãã¡ãæã®å¥³ç¥ã»ã¬ãŒããŒãšã®éã«ãã³ãã£ãŒã¢ããã«ã»ãŒããã¡ã¢ãèªçããã
ãŸãæ§ã
ãªäººéã®å¥³æ§ãšã®éã«ãããšãã°ãããšãŒãšã®éã«ãã«ã»ãŠã¹ããã¢ã«ã¯ã¡ãŒããŒãšã®éã«ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ããã¬ãŒããŒãšã®éã«ãã£ãªã¹ã¯ãŒãã€ããã¢ã³ãã£ãªããŒãšã®éã«ãŒãŒãã¹ãšã¢ã ããŒãªãŒã³ãããšãŠããŒããŒãšã®éã«ããŒããŒã¹ãšã©ããã³ãã¥ã¹ãšãµã«ããŒããŒã³ããã«ãªã¹ããŒãšã®éã«ã¢ã«ã«ã¹ããã€ãŒãªãŒãšã®éã«ãšããã¹ãããšãã£ãããã«å€æ°ã®åäŸãã¡ãããããããšã«ãªã£ãŠãããããããŒãŠã¹ã®åãšãããè±éãåç¥(ããã¹)ãšãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§ã¯äžçŽã®ç¥ãšããŠåºãç¥ãããããããã®äŒèª¬ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åçå®¶ããèªãã®ç¥å
ããŒãŠã¹ãšããããã«äœãåºãããç³»èãšãèããããããŒãŠã¹ã亀ãã£ããšããã人éã®å¥³ã®äžã«ã¯ãããšã¯å°å
ã®å°æ¯ç¥ã§ãã£ããšèãããããã®ãããã女ç¥ã人éãšäº€ãããšãã®ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ãã°ãã°å€åãããšããããããšãŒã®ãšãã«ã¯é»éã®éšã«ãã¬ãŒããŒã®ãšãã«ã¯çœé³¥ã«ãã¢ã³ãã£ãªããŒã®ãšãã«ã¯ãµãã¥ãã¹ã«ããšãŠããŒããŒã®ãšãã«ã¯çœãç¡çã«ãã«ãªã¹ããŒã®ãšãã«ã¯ã¢ã«ããã¹ã«ãã€ãŒãªãŒã®ãšãã«ã¯é²ã«å€èº«ãããšããããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯æçµçã«ã¯ããŒã©ãŒãšæ°žé ã«çµã°ãããããããŸã§ã«äœåºŠãçµå©ãšé¢å©ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã®æåã®åŠ»ã¯æºæµã®å¥³ç¥ã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ã§ãã£ãã圌女ã¯ãªãŒã±ã¢ããã¹ã§ããããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ç¥æã®äžæ±ã§ãã£ããããã£ãŒã¿ãŒãããã¢ãŒã®éã«ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã«å³æ¹ããŠãããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ããŒãŠã¹ãšã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ã®éã«çãŸããç·ç¥ã¯ç¶ãè¶
ããããšããäºèšãããããããæããŠãŒãŠã¹ã¯åŠåš ããŠããã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ãåã¿èŸŒã¿ãåäŸãçãŸããªãããã«ããããã©ããªãã®ã«ã§ãå€èº«ã§ããã®ãªããæ°Žã«å€èº«ããŠã¿ããããšãããŒãŠã¹ã®æçºã«ä¹ã£ãã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ãæ°Žã«å€ãããšããã§ããã飲ã¿å¹²ãããšãããŒãŠã¹ããéããããã«æ§ã
ãªåç©ã«å€èº«ããŠããããè
ã«å€èº«ãããšããã§åã¿èŸŒãŸãããšãèšãããã
ãããšãããŒãŠã¹ã¯æ¿ããé çã«è¥²ããããããã§ãããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ã«åœããŠé ãæ§ã§å©ãå²ããçŽæ¥åå ãæ¢ãããšããããããšããŒãŠã¹ã®é ããæŠè£
ãæäººããã¢ããŒããŒãé£ã³åºããŠããããã®è¡æã§äžçã¯åæ¢ãã倩äœã®éè¡ãæ¢ãŸã£ããã¢ããŒããŒããŒãŠã¹ãšã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ãšã®åã§ããã女ç¥ã§ãã£ãããã«ãã¬ã€ã¢ã®äºèšã¯å¹åã倱ã£ããããããŠãŒãŠã¹ã¯çäœç°å¥ªã®å€§ããªãéåœããè§£æŸããããåã¿èŸŒãŸããã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®æºæµãšãªãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ã®å
šç¥ãæã«å
¥ããããŸããã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ã¯ã¢ããŒããŒãšå
±ã«é£ã³åºãŠãããšãã説ãããã
ã¡ãŒãã£ã¹ã®æºæµãåžåãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã次ã«ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ãšã¬ã€ã¢ã®åã§ãããæã®å¥³ç¥ããã¹ãšçµå©ãããããã¹ãšã®éã«éåœã®äžå¥³ç¥ã¢ã€ã©ã€ãå£ç¯ã®å¥³ç¥ããŒã©ãŒãæ£çŸ©ã®å¥³ç¥ã¢ã¹ãã©ã€ã¢ãŒããããããã¢ã€ã©ã€ã¯æåã¯å€ã®å¥³ç¥ãã¥ã¯ã¹ã®åšã§ãã£ããããŒãŠã¹ã¯äžèšã®ããã«éåœãè¶
è¶ããã¢ã€ã©ã€ãèªãã®åãšããŠåèªçããããçµæãšããŠéåœããããŒãŠã¹ã«æããªããªã£ãã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ããŒã©ãŒã«ç®ãä»ããããã¹ãšçµå©äžã§ããã«ããããããçµå©ã®å¥³ç¥ããŒã©ãŒã«èšãå¯ã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã«ãã³ãŠã«åããŠããŒã©ãŒã«è¿ä»ãç¯ãããšããããããŒã©ãŒã¯ããã§ãå°æµæãæ¢ããªãã£ããããŒã©ãŒã¯äº€ããããšã®æ¡ä»¶ãšããŠçµå©ãæç€ºãããããŒã©ãŒã«é
äºãããŠãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ä»æ¹ãªãããã¹ãšé¢å©ãããšãããŒã©ãŒãšçµå©ãã圌女ãšã®éã«ã¢ã¬ãŒã¹ãããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ãããŒããŒãªã©ããããããããŒã©ãŒã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®äžè²ã«å¯ŸããŠåžžã«ç®ãå
ãããæäººãã¡ããã®åäŸãã¡ã«èçãªçœ°ãäžããããã«ãªã£ãã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯å¥œè²ãªç¥ã§ããããã°ãã°ããŒã©ãŒã®ç®ãçãã§ã¯æµ®æ°ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠãããããã¯ã匷åãªç¥ã
ãåç¥å人ãçã¿åºããå
šå®å®ã人éçã®åºç€ãæŽããããã§ããã£ãããŸããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®ã¿ãªãããå°äžæµ·äžçã®çå®¶ãèªãã®ç¥å
ããŒãŠã¹ãšããå®¶ç³»ã䞻匵ããããããŒãŠã¹ã¯æµ®æ°ãç¹°ãè¿ãç¥è©±ãå€ãæã€ããã«ãªã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã®æäººã¯æ°ãåããªãã»ã©ãããããã®äžã§ãç¹ã«æåãªæäººãã¡ã以äžã«èšè¿°ãããäžèšã®ä»ãã©ãã¢ãŒãã¢ã€ã®ãŒããã«ãªã¹ããŒããšã©ã¬ãŒãã¿ã¬ã€ã¢ãã¢ã€ãããŒãªã©å€ãã®æäººãæã£ãããšã§ç¥ãããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ã€ãŒãªãŒãšããçŸå¥³ãšå¯éããŠããããããèŠæããããŒã©ãŒã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã«è©°ãå¯ããããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã€ãŒãªãŒãçŸããéçã«å€ããéçãæã§ãŠããã ãã§ãããšãããããŒã©ãŒã¯çãè¬ãããã®éçããŒãŠã¹ããè²°ããšãçŸçŒã®å·šäººã¢ã«ãŽã¹ãèŠåŒµãã«ä»ããããã®å·šäººã¯èº«äœäžã«çŸã®çŒãæã¡ãç ãæãååã®50ã®çŒã¯éãããŸãŸã§ãã£ãã®ã§ã空éçã«ãæéçã«ãæ»è§ãååšããªãã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã€ãŒãªãŒæåºã®ä»»ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã«åœãããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯èç¬ã§ã¢ã«ãŽã¹ã®å
šãŠã®çŒãç ããããšããã®éŠãå£ã§åãåã£ãã
éçã¯è§£æŸãããããããŒã©ãŒãè»ãéã蟌ãã ããã«éçã¯éãæã£ããè»ããéããããã«æ§ã
ãªå°ãæŸæµªããæçµçã«ã¯ãšãžããã«èŸ¿ãçããããã§éçã¯å
ã®å§¿ã«æ»ã£ãããŒãŠã¹ãšã®éã«ã§ããŠããåäŸã§ãããšããã¹ããšãžããã§åºç£ãããã€ãŒãªãŒã¯ããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«ã®åãç«ãŠãã€ãŒãªãŒãšããŒã¡ãŒããŒã«åã¯ãšãžãã人ã«ã€ã·ã¹ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ãã
ã¢ã€ããŒãªã¢çãã¹ãã£ãªã¹ã®åšã§ãã¹ãã«ã¿çãã¥ã³ãã¬ãªãŒã¹ã®åŠ»ã§ãã£ãã¬ãŒããŒã«ããŒãŠã¹ã¯æããããŒãŠã¹ã¯çœé³¥ã«å€ããé·¹ã«è¿œããããµããããŠã¬ãŒããŒã®è
ã«é ãããã¬ãŒããŒã¯çœé³¥ã®ããšãæ³ã£ãŠãããæãŸãªãã£ãããããã§æ£äœãçŸãããŒãŠã¹ãšäº€ãã£ããã¬ãŒããŒã¯äºã€ã®åµãç£ã¿ãäžã€ã®åµããã¯ãã¬ããŒãšã¯ãªã¥ã¿ã€ã ããŒã¹ãã©ãŒããããäžã€ã®åµããã¯ã«ã¹ããŒã«ãšããªã¥ããŠã±ãŒã¹(äºäººåãããŠãã£ãªã¹ã¯ãŒãã€ãšãåŒã°ãã)ãçãŸããããã¬ããŒãšããªã¥ããŠã±ãŒã¹ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ãšã®åã§ãããã¯ãªã¥ã¿ã€ã ããŒã¹ãã©ãŒãšã«ã¹ããŒã«ããã¥ã³ãã¬ãªãŒã¹ãšã®åã§ãã£ãããã¬ããŒã¯çµ¶äžã®çŸå¥³ãšãªããããã€ã¢æŠäºã®åå ãšãªã£ããããªã¥ããŠã±ãŒã¹ã¯äžæ»èº«ã§ãã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãã¬ããŒã®èªçãèšå¿µããå®å®ã«ã¯ãã¡ãã座ãåµé ããã
ãšãŠããŒããŒã¯ããã¥ãã¹ã®ãã§ããã¢çã¢ã²ãŒããŒã«ãšããŒã¬ãããµã®åšã§ãçŸããå§«ã§ãã£ãããšãŠããŒããŒã«äžç®ãŒããããŒãŠã¹ã¯èªæããããã«ãçœãç¡çãžãšå€èº«ããããšãŠããŒããŒã¯äŸå¥³ãšè±ãæãã§ããæã«ãã®ç¡çãèŠä»ããåŸé ãªæ§åã«æ°ãèš±ããŠèã«ãŸããã£ãããã®é端ã«ç¡çã¯ãšãŠããŒããŒãé£ãå»ã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãšãŒãããäžããšãŠããŒããŒãšå
±ã«é§ãåã£ãããããã®å°åã¯ãšãŠããŒããŒããååãåã£ãŠããšãŒãããã (Europa) ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ããæçµçã«ã¯ã¬ã¿å³¶ãžèŸ¿ãçãããŒãŠã¹ã¯æ¬æ¥ã®å§¿ãããããããšãŠããŒããŒã¯ã¯ã¬ã¿å³¶ã§æåã®åŠãšãªã£ãããŒãŠã¹ãšã®æ¯åã«ã¯ãããŒããŒã¹ãã©ããã³ãã¥ã¹ããµã«ããŒããŒã³ãããããã®åŸãã¢ã¹ããªãªã¹ã3äººã®æ¯åãã¡ã®çŸ©çã®ç¶ã«ãªã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯åœŒå¥³ã«ã¿ããŒã¹ãšå¿
ãç²ç©ããšãããçç¬ãšãªããªãäºã®ãªãæãæ§ã®ã3ã€ã®èŽãç©ãäžããããã®åŸãŒãŠã¹ã¯åã³çœãç¡çãžãšå§¿ãå€ããæç©ºãžãšäžãããããã座ã«ãªã£ãã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ã¬ãã¥ã¡ãŒããŒã¹ãšããããã€ã¢ã®çŸå°å¹Žãæ«ã£ãããšã§ãç¥ãããŠãããããããããã¯æäººã«ããããã§ã¯ãªããç¥ã
ã®çµŠä»ä¿ã«ããããã§ãã£ãããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ã«çµŠä»ããã®ã¯ãããšã¯å€§ç¥ãŒãŠã¹ãšãã®æ£åŠ»ããŒã©ãŒã®åšã鿥ã®å¥³ç¥ã§ããããŒããŒã®åœ¹å²ã§ãã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã®åãè±éããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ããæ»åŸã«ç¥ã
ã®åã«å ãããããšããããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ãæãã§ããããŒã©ãŒã¯ããããããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ãšåè§£ãããã®åšããŒããŒã劻ãšããŠåœŒã«äžããããããã®ããç¥ã
ã®å®Žåžã«çµŠä»ãããã®ããªããªã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯äººéãã¡ã®äžã§ããšãããçŸããã¬ãã¥ã¡ãŒããŒã¹ãéžã³ãé·²ã®å§¿ã«å€èº«ããŠåœŒãæ«ãããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®çµŠä»ãšããããã®ä»äºã®ããã«ã¬ãã¥ã¡ãŒããŒã¹ã«ã¯æ°žé ã®è¥ããšäžæ»ãäžããããããŸã代åãšããŠãã®ç¶ã«éãç¥éЬ(å¥äŒã§ã¯ããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ã®äœã£ãé»éã®ãããŠã®æš)ãäžããããã
倩äžã«èŒãã¿ããã座ã¯ãç¥ã
ã«ç¥é
ãã¯ã¿ãŒã«ã絊ä»ããã¬ãã¥ã¡ãŒããŒã¹ã®å§¿ã§ããããã座ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ãåœŒãæ«ããšãã«å€èº«ããé·²ã®å§¿ã§ããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã®çèªã«é¢ããå€ä»£äŒèª¬ã®ã²ãšã€ã«ããã°ãç¶ã¯ããã¹ã¯ããåã«æ¯é
æš©ã奪ãããäžå®ã«ããããçãŸããåäŸã次ã
ã«é£²ã¿èŸŒãã§ããŸã£ããããã§ãŒãŠã¹ãçãã ãšããæ¯ã¬ã¢ãŒã¯ç£çã§å
ãã ç³ããããã«ã¯ããã¹ã«é£²ãŸããããšã§ãŒãŠã¹ãæã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã¯ã¬ãŒã¿å³¶ã®ãã£ã¯ããªã³æŽçªã§éå±±çŸã®ã¢ãã«ãã€ã¢ã®ä¹³ã飲ã¿ããã¥ã ããŒã«è²ãŠãããã
æäººãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãååè¬ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ããã¹ã«å¥³ãå«ãå
åŒãã¡ãåãåºãããç¶èŠªã«åŸ©è®ããããã£ãŠãã圌ããšå
±ã«ãå
šå®å®ã®æ¯é
æš©ãå·¡ãæŠäºã§ãããã£ãŒã¿ãŒãããã¢ãŒãåçºãããããã®æã飲ã¿èŸŒãŸããé ãšã¯éã®é ã§åãåºãããããããããã»ã€ããŒã³çã«ãšã£ãŠç¬¬2ã®èªçã«ãããããã£ãŠå
åŒã®åºåãé転ããããšããããŠããã
ãã®å€§æŠã«ãããŠãŒãŠã¹ã¯é·éãæãã€ããå®å®ããæºãããè¡ææ³¢ãšé·ç«ã«ãã£ãŠãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ç¥æãäžç¶²æå°œã«ãããé·å
ã¯å
šç©ºéã«æŒ²ãããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ãã¡ã¯ç¬ãéã«ç®ãçŒãããŠèŠåã奪ããããé·éã®åšåã¯æ³åãçµ¶ããèŠæž¡ãéãã®å€©å°ãé転ãããå°çãå
šå®å®ããããŠãã®æ ¹æºã®ã«ãªã¹ããçŒãæãã»ã©ã§ãã£ãããã®çæ»æã®ç²æãã£ãŠãŒãŠã¹ãã¡ã¯ã¯ããã¹ãªã©ã®ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ç¥æãæã¡åããæè
ã§ãããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ç¥æã¯å®å®ã®æ·±æ·µã§ããã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ã«å°å°ãããã
ãã®åŸãŒãŠã¹ãšãã»ã€ããŒã³ãšããŒããŒã¹ã¯æ¯é
å°ãããã£ãŠããåŒããè¡ãããããã倩çãšæµ·çãšå¥çã®äž»ãšãªã£ããæŽã«ããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãã®å瞟ããç¥ã
ã®æé«æš©åè
ãšèªãããããããããã®äžæ¹ããã®æã®ããŒããŒã¹ã¯å¥çã®äž»ãšãªã£ãããã«ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹åäºç¥ããé€å€ãããŠããã
å
šå®å®ã®æ¯é
æš©ã確ç«ãããã£ãŒã¿ãŒãããã¢ãŒåŸãããŒãŠã¹ã®æ¯é
ãæºããããããªåºæ¥äºãèµ·ãã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯å
šå®å®ã®æ¯é
ãè·ãçºã«é²è¡æŠãå±éããªããã°ãªããªãã£ãã
ãã®äžã€ã巚人æã®ã¬ãŒã¹ãšãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ã®æŠãã§ããã®ã¬ã³ãããã¢ãŒã§ãããããã¯ã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ã«æãåã§ãããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³ç¥æã幜éãããããšã«æã£ãã¬ã€ã¢ãä»åãã倧æŠã§ãããšèšãããŠãããã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã¯å±±ã軜ã
ãšæã¡äžããã»ã©ã®è
åãæã¡ãç¥ã
ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯äžæ»èº«ã§ãã£ããã人éãªã殺ãããšãã§ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯åç¥å人ã§ããèªãã®æ¯åããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã«æããŠå³æ¹ã«ããã
ã®ã¬ãŒã¹ãã¡ã¯å³¶ãå±±èãšãã£ããããšããããå°åœ¢ãåŒãè£ããªãã倧è»ã§æ»ãå
¥ã£ãŠããããè¿æãéå§ããç¥ã
ãšããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã«ãã£ãŠå°œãæã¡åããããããŒã©ãŒã«æ¬²æ
ããŠç¯ãããšããã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã»ãã«ãã¥ãªãªãŒã³ã¯ã圌女ãç¯ãåã«ãŒãŠã¹ã®é·éã«ãã£ãŠæŠéäžèœã«ãããæåŸã¯ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã®æ¯ç¢ã«ãã£ãŠãšã©ããåºããããã®ã¬ãŒã¹ãã¡ã¯ç¥ã
ã«ãã£ãŠå³¶ãå±±èãå©ãä»ããããŠå°å°ãããããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã®åŒ·åŒã«ãã£ãŠæ®ºæ®ããããã®ã¬ã³ãããã¢ãŒã¯ãŒãŠã¹ãã¡ã®å§åã«çµãã£ãã
ã®ã¬ã³ãããã¢ãŒã§ãŒãŠã¹ãã¡ãæ²ããããããªãã£ãã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ãã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ãšäº€ãããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±å²äžæå€§ã«ããŠæåŒ·ã®æªç©ãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãçã¿åºããŠãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ãæ»æãããããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã¯é ãæã
ãšã¶ã€ãã£ãŠããŸãã»ã©ã®å·šäœãæããŠãããäž¡è
ã䌞ã°ãã°æ±è¥¿ã®äžçã®æãŠã«ã蟿ãçãããç¥ã
ãšåããäžèäžæ»ã§ãè©ããã¯çŸã®èã®é ãçããçãæŸã€ç®ãæã¡ãè
¿ããäžã¯äººéãšåãã ããè
¿ããäžã¯å·šå€§ãªæ¯èããšãããå·»ãã圢ãããŠããããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã¯äžçã倧çäžããã倩空ã«çªé²ããŠå®å®äžãæŽãåã£ããããã«ã¯ç¥ã
ãé©ããåç©ã«å§¿ãå€ããŠãšãžããã®æ¹ãžãšéããŠããŸã£ãããããããŒãŠã¹ãã äžäººã ãããã®å Žã«èžã¿æ¢ãŸããç©¶æ¥µã®æªç©ã«ããŠæªç©ã®çãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãšã®å£®çµ¶ãªäžéšèšã¡ãå§ãŸã£ãã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯é·éãšã¢ããã¹ã®éã§ãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãçæ»æãããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã¯äžç©ãçããå°œããç匟ãšåŽæµã§ãããæŒãè¿ããããã®æ±ºæŠã¯å€©äžã®å®å®ã§ç¹°ãåºããããããã«ãã£ãŠå
šç§©åºã¯æ··æ²ãšåããå
šå®å®ã¯çŒãå°œããããŠåŽ©å£ãããäž¡è
ã®å®åã¯æ®æããŠããããæ¥è¿æŠã«æã¡èŸŒãã ãŒãŠã¹ããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã®æªåã«æãããã®ãšããã«ãã£ãŠç· ãäžããããŠããŸãããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®é·éãšã¢ããã¹ã®éãåãäžããæè¶³ã®è
±ãåãèœãšãããã«ãã€è¿ãã®ã³ãŒãªã¥ããªã³ãšåŒã°ããæŽçªãžéã蟌ããããããŠãã¥ãŒããŒã³ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®è
±ãçã®ç®ã«é ããçªäººãšããŠåç£ã®ç«å¥³ãã«ãã¥ããŒã眮ããèªåã¯å·ã®æ²»çã®ããã«æ¯ã¬ã€ã¢ã®å
ãžåãã£ãã
ãŒãŠã¹ãåãããããšãç¥ã£ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãšããŒã³ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®æåºã«åããããã«ãã¥ããŒãéšããŠæè¶³ã®è
±ãçã¿åºãããŒãŠã¹ãæ²»çãããåãåãæ»ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯åã³ãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãšå£®çµ¶ãªæŠããç¹°ãåºããæ·±æãè² ãããŠè¿œãè©°ããããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã«åã€ããã«éåœã®å¥³ç¥ã¢ã€ã©ãã¡ãè
ããã©ããªé¡ããå¶ããšãããåå©ã®æå®ããæã«å
¥ãããããã®å®ãé£ã¹ãé端ããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã¯åã倱ã£ãŠããŸã£ããå®ã¯å¥³ç¥ãã¡ããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã«äžããã®ã¯ã決ããŠæã¿ãå¶ãããšã¯ãªããšãããç¡åžžã®æå®ãã ã£ãã®ã§ããã
æèµ°ãç¶ãããã¥ãŒããŒã³ã¯æªããããšããŠå
šå±±èããŒãŠã¹ã«æãã€ããããšããããé·éã«ãã£ãŠç°¡åã«åŒŸãè¿ãããéã«å
šå±±èã®äžæ·ãã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããæåŸã¯ã·ã±ãªã¢å³¶ãŸã§è¿œãè©°ãããããšããç«å±±ãå©ãä»ããã(ã·ã±ãªã¢å³¶ãã®ãã®ãå©ãä»ãããšãã説ããã)ããã®äžã«å°å°ãããã以æ¥ããã¥ãŒããŒã³ããšããå±±ã®éå§ãéããããšããããã³ãåŽç«ãèµ·ãããšãããããããŠãŒãŠã¹ã¯ãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãšã®æ»éã«åå©ãããã¯ã圌ã®çæš©ã«æããã®ã¯çŸããªãã£ãã
ãŸããç¥çµ±èšã«ããã°ããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãšå
šå®å®ãæºãããæ¿éã®æ«ã«ãé·éã®äžæã«ãã£ãŠäžçãå°œãæº¶è§£ãããŠããã®ãŸãŸãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ãžãšæŸã蟌ãã ã®ã ãšããã
ã¬ã€ã¢ããŸã æš©åšãæã£ãŠããå®å®ã®ååæã«ã¯ã森çŸ
äžè±¡ã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ã«å¯ŸããŠåæçã§ãå
šç©è³ªãæ¯é
ããéããããšæŽãåºãããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯å°æ¯ç¥ãšèšãããŠãããããã®æ¯é
é åã¯å€§å°ã ãã§ã¯ãªãã倩ããå
å
ããäžçãã®ãã®ã«ãŸã§åãã§ããããã ãäžç©ã®åæã¯ãäœãããèŠããŠããŸããã®ãããªå€§å€åã«ç¹ãã£ãã倧éžã¯ããããŠéããå±±ã
ã¯ã°ãã°ãã«åŒãè£ãããŠå²©ç³ãç«ç æµãåãåºãããæ²³ã¯æµããå€ããæµ·ã¯éèµ·ããŠå
šãŠã®å€§éžã¯æµ·äžãžã𿲡ãããå
šç©è³ªã®æ»æã«ãããäžçã¯æ··æ²ãšåããã
ãããããŒãŠã¹ã¯å®å®ãçµ±å¶ããæ£®çŸ
äžè±¡ãæŒãã蟌ãã§æ··æ²ãšããäžçããã®æã«åŸãããã倧å°ã¯ãã¯ãæºãããªããªããå±±ã
ãå¹³ç©ã«ãªã£ãã倧éžã¯æµ·äžããå§¿ãçŸããããæµ·ãæŽããããšããªããªã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯äžçãå¹³å®ããåã³å®å®ã«èª¿åã蚪ããã
ãã¡ãŒãã¹ã®èšè¿°ã«ã¿ããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã2ã€ã®ç°ãªãå§¿ã§æãããŠãããäžæ¹ã§ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã¯åŒ±è
ã®å®è·ç¥ãæ£çŸ©ãšæ
æ²ã®ç¥ãæªè
ã眰ããç¥ãšããŠããããããããããåæã«ã次ã
ãšå¥³æ§ã«æãåºããŠã¯åå«ãå¢ãããäžè²ã劻ã«ç¥ãããŸããšããããææ®µãè¬ããç¥ãšããŠãæãããŠãããæ··æ²ãèªãã®åã§æéã»çµ±å¶ããå
šå®å®ã®ç§©åºãåµé ããç¥ã§ãããããã®ç§©åºãè
ããè
ãªãã°ãããšãåæã§ãã£ãŠãæé€ããèã¶ãç¥ã§ãããã
å
æ¥ã¯ãã«ã«ã³åå³¶ã®åæ¹ããæ¥ãŠã®ãªã·ã¢èªããããããã€ã³ãã»ãšãŒãããèªæç³»åŸæè
ã®ä¿¡ä»°ãã倩空ç¥ã§ãã£ããšèããããããŒã©ãŒãšã®çµå©ãæ§ã
ãªå°æ¯ç¥ç±æ¥ã®å¥³ç¥ã女æ§ãšã®äº€ããã¯ãéã€ã³ãã»ãšãŒãããèªæç³»å
äœæ°æãšã®ååãšèåã象城ãããã®ãšèããããããŸãèªåãã¡ã®ç³»èãç¥ã
ã®ç¶ãŸã§ããã®ãŒããããšãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººã®é¡æãšããŠã説æãããããšãããã
å€ãã®ã€ã³ãã»ãšãŒãããèªæç³»èšèªãçšããæ°ã«å
±éããŠä¿¡ä»°ããã倩空ç¥ã«ç±æ¥ãããã®ç¥åœ¢ã¯ãããŒãç¥è©±ã«ããããŠãŒããã«ã®ååã§ãããã€ãªã¹ã»ãããŒã«ããããã¯æ®éåè©ãç¥ãã衚ããã€ãªã¹ãããŠã¹ãå€å±€ã®ã€ã³ãç¥è©±ã®å€©ç©ºç¥ãã£ã€ãŠã¹ã忬§ç¥è©±ã®ãã¥ãŒã«ãã«å£éèŠãããšãã§ããã
ãŒãŠã¹ä¿¡ä»°ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢å
šåã§è¡ãããè³äžæé«ã®åçãšããŠä»°ãããŠãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººãã¡ã¯äžç¥æã«è¿ãåž°äŸãšæ¬èãããŒãŠã¹ã«æ§ããæããã«ä»ã®ç¥ã
ãšã¯äžç·ãç»ããŠããããŒãŠã¹ã¯éåœãããè¶
è¶ããå
šç¥å
šèœç¥ã«çžå¿ããåšå³ãæŸã£ãŠããã
ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¢ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®äž»ãªç¥åã§ãããããã§4幎ã«1床éå¬ãããå€ä»£ãªãªã³ããã¯ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ãè®ããå
šã®ãªã·ã¢çãªå€§ç¥ã§ãã£ãããã®é嬿éäžã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢äººã¯å
šå¡æŠäºãæ¢ããå€ä»£ãªãªã³ããã¯ã«åå ããããã«ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¢ãžãšåãã£ãããã®éäžã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã«ãã£ãŠå®è·ããããšèãããããäžæ£ã決ããŠè¡ããªããšãã宣èªããŒãŠã¹ã»ãã«ããªã¹(èªãã®ãŒãŠã¹)ã«æ§ããéžæãã¡ã¯åçš®ç®ã«åãããŠç«¶ãåã£ããå€ä»£ãªãªã³ããã¯ã§åªåããè
ã¯ãç¥ã
ãã寵æãããŠããè
ããããã¯ç¥ã
ã®è¡ãåŒãè
ãšãããç¥åœã§ã¯å€§ãã«è³è³ããããçŸåšã¯å»å¢ãšãªã£ãŠããŸã£ãŠããããåœæã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¢ã«ãããŒãŠã¹ç¥æ®¿å
éšã«ã¯12mãè¶
ããé»éãšè±¡çã§åºæ¥ã巚倧ãªãŒãŠã¹åãè³ãç«ã£ãŠãããšããããã®å·šå€§ãªãŒãŠã¹åã¯äžçã®äžäžæè°ã®ã²ãšã€ãšããŠãæåã§ããã
ãŸãããã±ããã¢çåœã«ãããŒãŠã¹ã®ç¥åã»ãã£ãªã³ã§ãããªãªã¥ã³ãã¢ç¥ãéå¬ããããäž»å¬è
ã¯ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã®è¡çãæã€ãšããããã±ããã¢çå®¶ã§ãããããã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¢ã®å€ä»£ãªãªã³ããã¯ã«æ¬¡ãã§çæ³ã§ãã£ãã
ãšãã€ãã¹ã«ããããŒããŒãã«ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢æå€ã®ç¥èšæããããããã§ã®ç¥èšã¯ãã«ãã€ã«æ¬¡ãã§æåã§ãã£ããããŒããŒãã®ç¥èšæã«ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ãç¥ãããŠãããç¥å®ãã¡ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®èæšã§ããæš«ã®æšãçšããŠç¥èšãäžãããæš«ã®æšã®èã®ãããããèãããŒãŠã¹ã®ç¥èšãè§£éããã®ã§ãããããŒããŒãã®ç¥èšæã¯å±±å¥¥ã«ããã亀éã®äŸ¿ã¯æªããããã®è©å€ãèãã€ããŠåæè
ãåŸãçµ¶ããªãã£ãã
ã¢ããŒãã€ã«ã¯ããŒãŠã¹ã«æ§ããããã®å·šå€§ãªç¥æ®¿ãããŒãåžåœã®ãããªã¢ãã¹æ²»äžã§å»ºé ããããå
ã
ã¯çŽå
å550幎é ã«ãã€ã·ã¹ãã©ãã¹ã建é ãéå§ãããã®ã§ãããã圌ã®åŸãç¶ãã ãããã¢ã¹ã远æŸãããããšã§èšç»ã¯äžæ¢ãšãªã£ãŠããããã®åŸããããªã¢ãã¹ãåœæã®èšç»ã埩掻ããã宿ãããããªãªã¥ã³ãã¢=ãŒãŠã¹ç¥æ®¿ãšåŒã°ããåœæã®ç¥æ®¿å
éšã«ã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¢ã®ãŒãŠã¹åã®ã³ããŒããã£ãããšã«ç±æ¥ãããå€ä»£äžçã§æå€§ã®ç¥æ®¿ã§ãããæ±ã¯ã³ãªã³ãåŒã§ããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ããŒãç¥è©±ã®æé«ç¥ãŠãŒããã«ãšåäžèŠããããããŒãåžåœã¯ãæåé¢ã§ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ã«åŸæãããããšããåèšãæåãªããã«ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®ç¥ã
ãããŒãç¥è©±ã®ç¥ã
ãšåäžèŠããŠããŒãæåã«åãå
¥ãããããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãšããŒãç¥è©±ã®ç¥ã
ã®æš©èœã¯ãã°ãã°å
±éããŠããããŠãŒããã«ã¯è±èªèªã¿ã§ãžã¥ãã¿ãŒãšãèšããæšæã®ååã®ç±æ¥ãšãªã£ãã
ãŠãŒããã«ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ãšåããé·é»ãæ±ããå€©ç©ºãæ¯é
ããå
šèœç¥ã§ããããŠãŒããã«ã»ãã§ã¬ããªãŠã¹ãšããåã§äžéšèšã¡ãå®è·ããç¥ãšããŠãç¥ãããäžéšèšã¡ã§æµãåããå°è»ã¯ãèšã¡åã£ãæµã®æŠå
·ãæš«ã®æš(ãŒãŠã¹ãšåãããŠãŒããã«ã®èæš)ã«çžãä»ãããŠãŒããã«ã«æ§ããã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ãšãžããç¥è©±ã®æé«ç¥ã¢ã¡ã³ãšãåäžèŠããããã¢ã¡ã³ã¯å€ªéœç¥ã§ãã£ãããç¥ã
ã®çã§ãã£ãããšãããããŒãªãªã¹ãã¢ãããŒã³ã§ã¯ãªãããŒãŠã¹ã®ãšãžããã«ãããåç§°ã ãšã®ãªã·ã¢äžã§èªç¥ãããŠããããšãžãã西éšç æŒ ã®ã·ã¯ã»ãªã¢ã·ã¹ã«ããã¢ã¡ã³ç¥æ®¿ã«ã¯ãã«ã»ãŠã¹ãããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã蚪ããç¥èšã䌺ã£ããšãããŠããã
æ±æ¹é åŸã®éã«ãã±ããã¢ã®ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹å€§çãã¢ã¡ã³ç¥æ®¿ã蚪ããç¥èšã䌺ã£ããããã§åœŒã¯ã¢ã¡ã³ã®æ¯åã§ãããšããç¥èšãåŸããããã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®æ¯åã§ãããšããããšã«çãããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹å€§çã¯èªãã®ç¥æ§ã蚌æããŠæºè¶³ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9
|
6,236 |
ã¢ãããŒã³
|
ã¢ãããŒã³(å€åž: ÎÎ ÎÎÎΩÎ, áŒÏÏλλÏΜ, ApollÅn)ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ç»å Žããç·ç¥ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹åäºç¥ã®äžæ±ã§ããããŒãŠã¹ã®æ¯åã§ããã
è©©æã鳿¥œãªã©ã®èžèœã»èžè¡ã®ç¥ãšããŠåé«ãããçŸé£Œãã®å®è·ç¥ã«ããŠå
æã®ç¥ã§ããããã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢å
µã次ã
ãšåãããé ç¢ã®ç¥ãã§ãããç«ç
ã®ç¢ãæŸã¡ç·ãé æ»ãããç¥ã§ãããšãšãã«ç
ãæãæ²»çç¥ã§ããããç¥èšãæããäºèšã®ç¥ãšããŠã®åŽé¢ãæã€ãªã©ãä»äžãããæ§æ Œã¯å€å²ã«äºãã
ããšã¯å°ã¢ãžã¢ã«èµ·æºããã€ç¥æ Œã§ãæ¬æ¥ã¯ç¹èããæ€ç©ã®ç²Ÿéç¥ãã転ããŠç§çãåžãç¥ãšãªã£ããšãã説ããåæ¹ã®éç§æ°ã«èµ·æºãæ±ãã説ãªã©ãã¢ãããŒã³ã®åºèªã«ã€ããŠã¯è«žèª¬ãããè€æ°ã®ç¥æ Œã®ç¿åãçµãŠæç«ãããã®ãšãèããããŠãããå€å
žæã®ã®ãªã·ã¢ã«ãããŠã¯çæ³ã®é幎åãšèãããããŸããããŒãªãªã¹(倪éœç¥)ãšåäžèŠãããããã«ããªã£ãã
æšå®ãããåé³ã«è¿ã¥ããŠãã®åãã«ã転åããã°ã¢ãã«ããŒã³ãããã¯ã¢ããããŒã³ãšãªãããæ¥æ¬èªã®ã«ã¿ã«ã衚èšã§ã¯ã¢ãããŒã³ããŸãã¯é·æ¯é³ãçç¥ããŠã¢ããã³ãšããã®ãéäŸã§ããã
ã¢ãããšã衚èšããããããã¯ãã©ãã³èªåœ¢ã¢ãããŒãããã«ç±æ¥ããè±èªã¢ãããªã©ã®é³åã§ããã
ã¢ãããŒã³ã¯äž»ç¥ãŒãŠã¹ãšã¬ãŒããŒãšã®æ¯åã§ç©çã®å¥³ç¥ã¢ã«ããã¹ã®ååã®åŒããªãªã¥ã³ãã¹åäºç¥ã«åãé£ãããå€ãããç§çãšäºèšã®ç¥ããŸãã竪çŽãæã«å·ã鳿¥œãšè©©ææèžã®ç¥ã§ãã£ããå
æç¥ã®æ§æ Œãæã€ããšããå5äžçŽã«ã¯æãšããŠããŒãªãªã¹ãšæ··åãããŠå€ªéœç¥ãšãããããŒãæä»£ã«ã¯ãã£ãã倪éœç¥ãšåãããèç£ã¯çŒããã³èã鹿ã§ãèé³¥ã¯ãã¥ãã«ãã¬ãªã€ã®åœãã飿¥ããçœé³¥ããã³ãéŽãéé¶ãé·¹ã犿鷹ã§ãèãã¢ãããŒã³ã®äœ¿ããšããããèæš¹ã¯ææ¡æš¹ããªãªãŒããæ£æ«ã埡æ³ããŸããã€ã«ã«(ãã«ãã¹)ãšã®é¢ä¿ãæ·±ããã€ã«ã«ã®å§¿ã«å€èº«ãããšããç¥è©±ãããã«ãããªã¹ãšãåŒã°ããããã«ãã€ããšããå°åã¯ããããæ¥ãŠãããšãããããã
ãŸããããããç¥çæåçæŽ»åã®å®è·ç¥ãšãããè©©ç¥ã ãŒãµã€ã䞻宰ãããšãšãã«ããªã«ããŠã¹æã®äŒèª¬çéç¥ã§ãã詩人ãªã«ããŠã¹ã®ç¶èŠªãšãããããäžæ¹ã人éã«åœããã°èŠçãªãäžç¬ã§å³æ»ããéã®ç¢ãæŠåšãšããå§(効)ç¥ã¢ã«ããã¹ãšãšãã«ãé ç¢å°ãã¢ãããŒã³ããšããŠç«ç
ç¥ã®æ§æ Œãæã¡ã転ããŠå»è¡ã®ç¥ãšããŠãä¿¡ä»°ããããå»ç¥ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒããªã¹ãã¢ãããŒã³ã®åãšãããã®ã¯ãã®ããã§ããããã®ããã«ãã¢ãããŒã³ã®æ§æ Œã¯çæ§çã§ãããšåæã«äººéãå°äžã«åãã£ãŠæŸã£ãç¢ããåºããç«ç
ã§è殺ãããã鳿¥œã®è
ãç«¶ãè³ãã§ãµãã¥ãã¹ã®1人ãã«ã·ã¥ã¢ãŒã¹ãçãããŸãŸå
šèº«ã®ç®èãå¥ãã§æ®ºããªã©ã®å·é
·ããæ®å¿ããã䜵ãæã£ãŠãããè
åã匷ããã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ã§ã¯ã¢ã«ã€ã¢å¢ã®ç¯ããé 匷ãªåå£ãçŽ æã§è»œã
ãšæã¡ç ããŠåŽ©å£ãããŠããããã¯ã·ã³ã°ãåµå§ããç¥ãšããŠãç¥ãããã
ããªãŒããªãã»ããŒãã§ã¯ãçæ§ãã€ããã©ãç¥ãšããŠããã£ãªãã¥ãŒãœã¹ãšå¯Ÿç
§çãªååšãšèãã(ãæ²åã®èªçã)ã
ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒããªã¹ã¯ããããµãªã¢ã®ã©ãŒãªããµé äž»ã®åšã³ããŒãã¹ãšã¢ãããŒã³ã®åãã¢ãããŒã³ãšã³ããŒãã¹ã®äŒä»€ã§ãã£ãéŽã®è®èšã«ãã£ãŠã¢ãããŒã³ã¯å«åЬã«é§ãã圌女ãå°æ®ºããããããããã«åŸæãã圌女ã®èå
ããåãåºããã¢ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒããªã¹ãã±ã³ã¿ãŠãã¹æã®è³¢è
ã±ã€ããŒã³ã«é ãããå»è¡ã®ç¥ã®è¡ãåŒã圌ã¯ããããŠããããå»è¡ãç²åŸããã«è³ãã人ãæãããšã«ç±å¿ã ã£ããããããŠæ»è
ããèãããããšã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ãå¥åºã®ç¥ããŒããŒã¹ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã«ãã®äžæ¡çã蚎ããããã®ããã¢ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒããªã¹ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®é·éã«æãããŠæ»ã«ã倩ã®ç¥ã«ãªã£ããšãããããããŠãã¢ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒããªã¹ãšéŽã¯å
±ã«ãžã³ã€ãã座ãšããã座ãšããŠå€©ã«æ²ããããã
ããã㌠(DaphnÄ) ã¯ããããµãªã¢ã®æ²³ç¥ããŒãã€ãªã¹ã®åšã§ããã倧èãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãç¢ã§å°æ®ºããã¢ãããŒã³ããåž°éå¶ç¶åºäŒã£ããšããŒã¹ãšåœŒã®æã€å°ããªåŒã銬鹿ã«ããããšããããšããŒã¹ã¯ã¢ãããŒã³ãžã®ä»è¿ãã«ãé»éã®ç¢(ææ
ãèœçããããç¢)ã§ã¢ãããŒã³ãæã¡ãéã®ç¢(ææ
ãæçµ¶ãããç¢)ã§ããããŒãå°ãããã®ãããã¢ãããŒã³ã¯ããããŒã«ææ
ãæ±ããããããããŒã¯ã¢ãããŒã³ã®æãæçµ¶ããã
ãšããŒã¹ã®æªæ¯ã«ãã£ãŠã¢ãããŒã³ã¯åœŒå¥³ã奪ãããšè¿œãããç¶ããããããŒãå¿
æ»ã«éãç¶ãããããããããããŒã®äœåãéçã«è¿ã¥ããã€ãã«ã¯ããŒãã€ãªã¹æ²³çã«è¿œãã€ãããããããããããŒã¯ç¶ããŒãã€ãªã¹ã«ç¥ã£ãŠå©ããæ±ããã远ãã€ããã¢ãããŒã³ãããããŒã®è
ã«è§Šãããããšããåšã®èŠçãèãå
¥ããããŒãã€ãªã¹ã«ãããããããŒã¯ææ¡æš¹ã«èº«ãå€ããã
倱æã®ã¢ãããŒã³ã¯ããããŠç§ã®èæš¹ã«ãªã£ãŠæ¬²ããããšé ŒããšãããããŒã¯æãæºãããŠããªãããææ¡æš¹ã®èãã¢ãããŒã³ã®é ã«èœãšããããã®æ
äºã«ããããã«ãã€ã®ãã¥ãŒãã£ã¢å€§ç¥ã§è¡ãããç«¶æã®åªåè
ã«ã¯ãææ¡å ãäžããããããšã«ãªã£ã(ããã㌠ÎάÏΜη ã¯ãææ¡æš¹ããšããæå³ã®æ®éåè©)ã
ã«ããµã³ãã©ãŒ (KassandrÄ) ã¯ããã€ã¢çãããªã¢ã¢ã¹ã®åšã§ãããã¢ãããŒã³ã¯ã«ããµã³ãã©ãŒã®çŸè²ã«æžæ³ããæ±æãããèªåã®æãåãå
¥ããã°ãçŸçºçŸäžã®äºèšèœåããæãããšã«ããµã³ãã©ãŒãèªæãããã«ããµã³ãã©ãŒã¯ãããåãå
¥ããäºèšèœåããæã«å
¥ãããããã®ç¬éãã¢ãããŒã³ã«åŒã°ããããããæšãŠãããèªåã®éåœããäºèšããŠããŸãã
ã«ããµã³ãã©ãŒã¯ããããŸã¢ãããŒã³ã®èš±ãå»ããã¢ãããŒã³ã¯æãããã«ããµã³ãã©ãŒã®äºèšã¯èª°ãä¿¡ããªãããšããåªããæãããåŸã«ãã®ãªã·ã¢è«žããªã¹ãšããã€ã¢ãšã®éã§ããã€ã¢æŠäºãèµ·ãããšãã«ããµã³ãã©ãŒã¯ããã€ã¢ã®æ²åçæ»
亡ãäºèšããç¶çããªã¢ã¢ã¹ãã«èŠåãããã誰ããããä¿¡ããªãã£ããã¯ãããŠããã€ã¢ã¯ãã«ããµã³ãã©ãŒã®äºèšéããã¢ã«ã€ã¢äºº(ã®ãªã·ã¢)ãšã®æŠäºã«æããæ»
亡ããã®ã§ããã
ãã¥ã¢ãã³ãã¹ã¯ãã©çããŒãšãã¹ãšãæŽå²ã®ã ãŒãµã§ããã¯ã¬ã€ãªãŒãšã®éã«çãŸããçŸå°å¹Žã§ãããã¹ãã«ã¿ã®ã¢ãã¥ãŒã¯ã©ã€åžã§çãŸãããšããã
ã¢ãããŒã³ãšè¥¿é¢šã®ç¥ãŒãã¥ãã¹ã®2人ããã¥ã¢ãã³ãã¹ã®æ°ãæ¹ãããšãããã圌ã¯ã¢ãããŒã³ãšã°ãã仲è¯ãããŠãããããæ¥ã2人ã仲è¯ãåç€æããæ¥œããã§ããæãã¢ãããŒã³ã®æããåç€ããã¥ã¢ãã¥ã³ãã¹ã®é éšã«æ¿çªãå°å¹Žã¯æ¯ãåŒãåã£ããããã¯ãŒãã¥ãã¹ã2人ã®ä»²çŠãŸããæ§åã空ããèŠãŠå«åЬããåç€ã®é£ã¶æ¹åã颚ã§çãããããã§ãã£ããã¢ãããŒã³ã¯åãæ²ããã ããæº¢ãåºãå°å¹Žã®çã£èµ€ãªè¡ã®äžãããèµ€ãè±ãå²ããããã®è±ã¯å°å¹Žã®åã«ã¡ãªãã§ãã¥ã¢ãã³ãã¹(ãã¢ã·ã³ã¹)ãšåŒã°ããã
ãã ãããã®ãã¥ã¢ãã³ãã¹ãçŸåšãã¢ã·ã³ã¹ãšåŒã°ããè±ãšåããã®ã§ãããšæå®ããããšã¯ã§ããªãããã®åŸãã¹ãã«ã¿ã§ã¯æ¯å¹Žåå€ã«ãã¥ã¢ãã³ãã£ã¢ãšããåœŒã®æ»ãèšå¿µããç¥å
žãè¡ããããšããããã¢ã·ã³ã¹ã¯å€å¹Žçã®çæ ¹æ€ç©ã§ãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢äººã¯ãåå€ã«éè±ããŠéããªãæ¯ããæ¬¡ã®å¹Žã®åãããããã¢ã·ã³ã¹ã®ç¿æ§ã«æ»ãšåŸ©æŽ»ãéãåãããŠèŠãã®ã§ãããã
巚人æŠäºã®ã¬ã³ãããã¢ãŒã«ãã¢ãããŒã³ã¯åæŠãããã¢ãããŒã³ã¯ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ãšå
±éããã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã®äžäººã§ãããšãã¢ã«ããŒã¹ã®å·Šç®ãå°ããã®ã¬ãŒã¹ã¯ç¥ã
ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯äžæ»èº«ã§ãã£ããããããã ãã§ã¯æ»ãªãªãã£ãããããããåç¥å人ã®ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ã«ãã£ãŠå³ç®ãå°ãããçµ¶åœããã
ã¢ãããŒã³ããã®å¯µæãåãç¶ããåŠç²Ÿããããã¢ã«ã³ãµã¹ã¯æã¿ç¶ããããæ¥ã¢ãããŒã³ã®é¡ã«å·ãã€ããŠããŸããã¢ãããŒã³ã«ããã¢ã«ã³ãµã¹ã®è±ã«å€ããããŠããŸã£ãã
ã®ãªã·ã¢çãªç¥ãšããããããã€ãŒãªã¢ã¹ãã§ã¯ã€ãã«ããã€ã¢åŽã«å æ
ããŠããããŸããæ¯èŠªãšãããã¬ãŒããŒã¯ãå
æ¥ã¯å°ã¢ãžã¢ã§ä¿¡ä»°ããã倧å°ã®å¥³ç¥ã§ãã¢ãããŒã³ã¯ããã«ä»ãåŸãæ€ç©ç¥ãæ žãšããŠåœ¢æããããè€æ°ã®ç¥æ Œã®éåäœãšèããããŠããããã®ååãã®ãªã·ã¢èªã«ç±æ¥ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããšããã®ãäžè¬çãªèŠè§£ã§ããã
ãŸããçèªåŸãã®ãªã·ã¢ã«çŸããåã®äžææãåæ¹ã®æ°ãã¥ãã«ãã¬ãªã€ã®åœã§æ®ãããŠãããšãããåæµ·æ²¿å²žã®ç¥çç£å°ãšå°äžæµ·æ²¿å²žãçµã¶äº€æè·¯ãç¥çã®éããšãæ·±ããããããæã€ç¥ã ãšèããããŠãããããã«ã¢ã«ããã¹ã®èµ·æºã¯åã¢ããªã«ãšããããã®å¥³ç¥ãšååã§ãããšããæ§æ Œã¯ãå°äžæµ·åšèŸºã§åŽæãããŠãã女ç¥çŸ€ã®é
å¶è
矀(ã¿ã³ã ãŒãºãã¢ããŒãã¹ããªã·ãŒãªã¹ãªã©)ãšååã®ãã®ãšèããããã
ãã«ãã€ã¯ã¢ãããŒã³ã®ç¥èšæã§ãã®ãªã·ã¢äžçã§ã¯æå€§ã®æš©åšãæã€èå°ã§ããããå°ãªããšããã±ãŒãææä»¥åã®æä»£ããéããŠãããå
ã¯ä»ã®å¥ç¥æ Œã®ä¿¡ä»°äžå¿å°ã§ãã£ããšèãããããç¥è©±ã«ããã°ãããšããšã¬ã€ã¢ã®èå°ã ã£ããã®ããçªäººã®å€§èãã¥ãŒããŒã³ãå°æ®ºããŠå¥ªã£ããã®ã ãšãããç¥èšã¯å·«å¥³ã»ãã¥ãŒãã£ã¢ãŒã«ããè©©ã®åœ¢ã§äžãããããã®ãªã·ã¢äººãã¡ã¯ãäž»ã«æ€æ°åžå»ºèšã®å©èšãè²°ãåããããã«ãã«ãã€ã蚪ãããã«ãã€ã¯æ§ãç©ã«ãã£ãŠç¹æ ã謳æãããæŠåèšå¿µã«ãã®ãªã·ã¢åå°ããèŽãç©ãå±ãããããã©ãã³ã®æŠãã®éã«ã¯ã¢ããã€ããç¥æ®¿ãå¯èŽãããã¬ãŠã¬ã¡ã©ã®æŠãã®åå©åŸã«ã¯æ±æ¹é åŸäžã®ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹å€§çããæµå
µã®æŠå
·ãå¯èŽãããã
ãã®ã»ããçèªå°ãšãããããŒãã¹å³¶ãããŒã¬ãŒãã¹åžè¿éã®ãã£ãã¥ããã¢ãããŒã³ã®èå°ãšãããã
ã¢ãããŒã³ãè®ããç¥äºã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§åºãè¡ãããŠãããç¹ã«æåãªã®ã¯ãã«ãã€ãéå¬å°ãšããŠè¡ãããŠãããã¥ãŒãã£ã¢å€§ç¥ã§ããã4幎ã«1床ãå€ä»£ãªãªã³ããã¯ã®éå¬å¹Žãšè¢«ããªãããã«éãããã鳿¥œæŒå¥ã®ç«¶æãæåã«è¡ãããŠãããããããŠãã¿ã©ãŒã®äŒŽå¥ä»ãã®æå±ãããã«ãŒãã®æŒå¥ããã«ãŒãã®äŒŽå¥ã«ããæå±ãªã©ãå ãã£ããæŽã«ãæŒåã®äžæŒã³ã³ã¯ãŒã«ããè©©ãæ£æäœåã®æèªç«¶æãè¡ãããçŽå
å582幎以éã§ã¯ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¢å€§ç¥ã«å£ã£ãŠãåçš®ã®éåç«¶æãå ããããŸãæŠè»(ãã£ãªãªãã)ã«ããç«¶äºãå ããããã«ãªã£ãã
ãããã®æ°ã
ã®ç«¶æã«ã¯ãå
šã®ãªã·ã¢ããåå è
ããã®èŠç©äººãéãŸããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åœé芪åã®å Žãšãæ©äŒãšããªã£ããå皮競æã®åªåè
ã«ã¯ãã¢ãããŒã³ã®èæš¹ã§ããããããŒã€ãŸãææ¡æš¹ã®èã§é£Ÿãããå ãèŽãããããããææ¡å ããšç§°ããã
ãã¡ãŒãã¹ã§ã¯ãã€ãã¹ã»ã¢ãããŒã³(Phoibos ApollÅn)ãšãåŒã°ããããã€ãã¹ã¯ãèŒãããã®æãšè§£ãããããã®ã»ãã®ç°ç§°ã«ã¯ããã¯ã·ã¢ãŒã¹ããã€ã¢ãŒã³ããªã¥ããªã¹ããã¥ã¢ãã³ãã£ãªã¹ãã¢ãªã¥ã®ã¥ããã¯ãœã¹(éã®åŒç¢ãæã€ç¥)ãªã©ãããã
ã¢ãããŒã³ä¿¡ä»°ã¯ã€ã¿ãªã¢åå³¶ã®ã®ãªã·ã¢æ€æ°å°ã¯ãŒããšãéããŠå€ä»£ããŒãã«ãããããããããŒãç¥è©±ã«ãããŠã¯äž»èŠãªç¥æ Œãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®ç¥æ Œãšååããããããã®äžã§ã¢ãããŒã³ã ãã¯åæ¹ã«å
±éããåããã€ç¥ã§ãããã©ãã³èªã§ã¢ãããŒ(çŸ
: APOLLO, ApollÅ)ãšåŒã°ãããããã€ãã¹ããã©ãã³èªåœ¢ã§ããšãã¹ (Phoebus) ãšåŒã°ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3
|
6,237 |
ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹
|
ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹(å€åž: áŒÏÎŒá¿Ïãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èªã©ãã³ç¿»å: HermÄs)ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ç»å Žããé幎ç¥ã§ãããé·æ¯é³ãçç¥ããŠãã«ã¡ã¹ãšã衚èšãããã
ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹åäºç¥ã®äžäººãç¥ã
ã®äŒä»€äœ¿ããšããããŒãŠã¹ã®äœ¿ãã§ãããæ
人ãå人ãªã©ã®å®è·ç¥ã§ãããæµã(flow)ãäžç©æµè»¢(flux)ã®ç¥ãšãèšãããŠãããããã¯äŸãã°æµé(ååã貚幣)ãæµæµª(æ
)ãæ¶²äœ(æ°Žãæ°Žé)ã転æãè§£é(ãã«ã¡ãŒããŠãã£ã³ã¹)ãã²ããã嵿工倫ãªã©ãšãããã
ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯ã忥ã»çè³ã»éåŒã»ç§åŠã®ç¥ãããç§åŠã»åŒèãªã©ã®ç¥ãããç¥ã
ã®äœ¿è
ããªã©ãšãããŠããããŸã圌ãåžããã®ã¯ãåŠè¡ãã»ãçºæãã»ãäœè²ãã»ãæ
人ãã»ãçŸã®çŸ€ããã»ãæ»è
ã®éããªã©ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯é¬éè¡ã§ã¯æ°Žéãå æè¡ã§ã¯æ°Žæãæããã«ãŒãã¥ãŒã±ãŠã¹(ã±ãŒãªã¥ã±ã€ãªã³)ãšããè¶
èªç¶çãªæãæã£ãŠããããããå°ãšããŠå¥çã»å°äžäžçã»å€©çãåŸåŸ©ããã
ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯äž¡æ§å
·æã®ç¥ã»è¶
æ§ã芪åç¥(æ¯åç¥)ãšãé¢é£ä»ããããŠããããã¬ããºã æä»£ããè€æ°ã®ç¥ã
ãšåäžèŠããããè³é«ã®è
ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãããªãã¡ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ããªã¹ã¡ã®ã¹ãã¹ãšèŠãªãããããã«ãªã£ãã以æ¥ããèãªãææžè
ã®å身ããšãããåŠèžã»ééå瀌ã»å»åŠããåžããšããããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã®è¡ã(hermetic art)ã¯é¬éè¡ãæå³ããäžäžãšãŒãããã§ã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹å²åŠã¯ãé¬éè¡ãå»åŠçäŒçµ±ãªã©ãšåãããåºãŸã£ãã
ãã®ä»ã«å¢çã»äœè²æèœã»çç¥ãåžãã倢ãšç ãã®ç¥ãæ»åºã®æ
è·¯ã®æ¡å
è
ãªã©ãšãèšãããå€é¢çãªæ§æ Œãæã€ç¥ã§ããã幞éãšå¯ãåžããç¡ç¥ã«å¯ã¿è©è¡ã«é·ããèšç¥ã®ç¥ãæ©è¶³ã§é§ããè
ãç§çã»è³åã»äº€éã»éè·¯ã»åžå Žã»ç«¶æãªã©ã®ç¥ã§ãããšãšãã«ãéåŒãšé³æ¥œã®ç¥ã§ããã竪çŽã»ç¬ã»æ°ã»ã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã»å€©æåŠã»åºŠéè¡¡ãªã©ãçºæããç«ã®èµ·ããæ¹ãçºèŠããç¥æµè
ãšããããããã¡ãŒããŠã¹ãšäžŠãã§ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®ããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒçååšã§ãããæåè±éãšããŠã®é¢ãæããããã®èé³¥ã¯æ±é·ºããã³éé¶ã
ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ãšãã€ã¢ã®åãšãããããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ç¥æã®äŒä»€ãšãªãç¥ãäœãããã劻ããŒã©ãŒã«æ°ä»ãããªãããã«å€äžã«ãã£ããæãåºãããã€ã¢ã«äŒãã«è¡ãããšã§æ³¥æ£ã®æèœããããŒã©ãŒã«é ãéãããšã§åã®æèœãããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãæã€ããã«çã£ããç¹ã«ãŒãŠã¹ã®å¿ å®ãªéšäžã§ãç¥è©±ã§ã¯å€ãã®å¯åœãæãããŠããã代衚çãªã®ã¯çŸçŒã®å·šäººã¢ã«ãŽã¹ã®æ®ºå®³ã§ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã®ç°åãã¢ã«ã²ã€ãã³ããŒã¹ã(ãã®èªéã«ã€ããŠã¯ã¢ã«ãŽã¹ (ã®ãªã·ã£)#å€ä»£ãåç
§)ã¯ãã¢ã«ãŽã¹ãéæ²»ããè
ããšè§£ããããå€å
žæä»¥éã®ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯ãã€ã°åºã®äžžãæ
è¡åžœããã¿ãœã¹ããé ã«è¢«ããç¥ã
ã®äŒä»€ã®èšŒã§ããæãã±ãŒãªã¥ã±ã€ãªã³ããæã«å·ãã空ãé£ã¶ããšãã§ãã翌ã®çããé»éã®ãµã³ãã«(ã¿ã©ãªã¢)ãè¶³ã«å±¥ããå§¿ã§è¡šãããæã«ã¯æŠåšã§ããéããã«ããŒã(ã·ã§ãŒãã«ãšã)ãæã€ã
æ»è
ãç¹ã«è±éã®éãå¥çã«å°ããã·ã¥ãŒã³ãã³ãã¹(è±èªç)(éã®å°è
)ãšããŠã®äžé¢ãæã¡ããã®åé¢å¥çããæ»è
ã®éãå°äžã«æ»ã圹å²ãæ
ã£ãŠããããªã«ããŠã¹ã劻ãšãŠãªã¥ãã£ã±ãŒãå¥çããé£ãåºãããšããéã«åè¡ããããã®ç¹ããã¿ããã¥ã¹ã¯ã²ã«ãã³äººã®äž»ç¥ã§ãã£ããŠã©ãŒãã³(忬§ç¥è©±ã®ãªãŒãã£ã³)ãšããŒãã®ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ããã¡ã«ã¯ãªãŠã¹ãåäžèŠããŠããããŸããã¢ãããŒã³ã®ç«ªçŽã®çºæè
ãšãããã
ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯æ©æã«çãŸããæŒã«ããããããæãåºããšããŸããªãã¢ãããŒã³ã®é£Œã£ãŠããç50é ãçãã ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯èªèº«ã®è¶³è·¡ãåœè£
ããããã«èšŒæ ã®åãçãããŠçãã¡ãåŸãåãã«æ©ãããçèããåºã圢跡ããªãããŠããŸã£ããç¿æ¥ãçãã¡ãããªãããšã«æ°ä»ããã¢ãããŒã³ã¯äžæè°ãªè¶³è·¡ã«æžæãããå ãã«ãããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãç¯äººã ãšç¥ããæ¿æããã¢ãããŒã³ã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãèŠã€ããçãè¿ãããã«è¿«ããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯ãçãŸããã°ããã®èªåã«ã§ããèš³ããªãããšããã¶ãããŒãŠã¹ã®åã«åŒãç«ãŠãããŠããåã®ã€ãæ¹ãç¥ããªãããšèšã£ãããããèŠããŒãŠã¹ã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã«æ³¥æ£ãšåã®æèœãããããšãèŠæãããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã«å¯ŸããŠã¢ãããŒã³ã«çãè¿ãããã«å§ããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯çãè¿ããã¢ãããŒã³ã¯çŽåŸãããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯çãŸããçŽåŸ(çãçãã åž°ããšã)ã«æŽç©Žã§æãããäºã®ç²çŸ
ã«çŸã®è
žã匵ã£ãŠäœã£ã竪çŽãå¥ã§ãããããæ¬²ãããªã£ãã¢ãããŒã³ã¯çãšç«ªçŽã亀æããŠãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãèš±ããããã«ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãèŠç¬ãããããããšãã¢ãããŒã³ã¯å奜ã®èšŒãšããŠèªèº«ã®æã€ã±ãŒãªã¥ã±ã€ãªã³ã®æããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã«èŽã£ã(çã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãå
šãŠæ®ºããããã亀æããã®ã¯ã±ãŒãªã¥ã±ã€ãªã³ã ããšãã説ãããªããæ®ºããçã®è
žã竪çŽã®ææã«äœ¿ã£ããšã)ããã®ãšãã¢ãããŒã³ãšãäºãã«å¿
èŠãªç©ã亀æããããšãããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯å売ã®ç¥ãšåŒã°ããçãŸããçŽåŸã«åå°ãé£ã³åã£ãããšããæ
ã®ç¥ã«ããªã£ãã
ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯ããŒã©ãŒã®æ¯åã§ã¯ãªãã£ãããã¢ã¬ãŒã¹ãšå
¥ãæ¿ãã£ãŠãã®æ¯ä¹³ã飲ãã§ãããããããŒã©ãŒã¯ãããåãã£ãåŸããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã«å¯ŸããŠæ
ãç§»ãã圌ãæãååç¶ã«å¯æãã£ãã
ãŒãŠã¹ã¯ã€ãŒãªãŒãšããçŸå¥³ãšå¯éããŠããããããèŠæããããŒã©ãŒã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã«è©°ãå¯ããããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã€ãŒãªãŒãçŸããéçã«å€ããéçãæã§ãŠããã ãã§ãããšãããããŒã©ãŒã¯çãè¬ãããã®éçããŒãŠã¹ããè²°ããšãçŸçŒã®å·šäººã¢ã«ãŽã¹ãèŠåŒµãã«ä»ããããã®å·šäººã¯èº«äœäžã«çŸã®çŒãæã¡ãç ãæãååã®50ã®çŒã¯éãããŸãŸã§ãã£ãã®ã§ã空éçã«ãæéçã«ãæ»è§ãååšããªãã£ãããŒãŠã¹ã¯ã€ãŒãªãŒæåºã®ä»»ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã«åœããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯èŠç¬ã§ã¢ã«ãŽã¹ã®å
šãŠã®çŒãç ããããšãå£ãçšããŠãã®éŠãåããããããã¯å·šå²©ãæãåœãŠãŠæ²æ®ºããããã®ããšããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯ãã¢ã«ã²ã€ãã³ããŒã¹ããšåŒã°ããããã¯ãã¢ã«ãŽã¹æ®ºãããšããæå³ã§ãã£ãã
ããæã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒã«æãããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯åœŒå¥³ãå£èª¬ãããããŸã£ããçžæã«ãããªãã£ããããã§ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã«é Œãã§é·²ãåããŠãããšããã®é·²ãšæ³¥æ£ã®æèœã䜿ã£ãŠã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒã®é»éã®ãµã³ãã«ãçãã ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯ãã®ãµã³ãã«ãè¿ãããšãæ¡ä»¶ã«é¢ä¿ãè¿«ãã圌女ãèªç±ã«ããã2人ã®éã«ã¯ãã«ããããã£ãŒãã¹ãšããªã¢ãŒãã¹ãçãŸããããã®ä»ã«ããã¥ã«ãããŒã³ã®åšãšãŠãã¬ã¡ã€ã¢ããã«ã»ãããŒããã«ããŒã倿°ã®ãã¥ã ããŒãã¡ãšé¢ä¿ãæã£ãŠãããã¢ã€ã¿ãªããŒã¹ããšãŠããŒãã¹ãã¢ãŠããªã¥ã³ã¹ã®ã¬ã³ãããã¢ãŒã«ãããŠãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã¯ããŒããŒã¹ã®é ãå
ã被ã£ãŠå§¿ãæ¶ããã®ã¬ã³ãã¹ã®äžäººããããªã¥ãã¹ãåããŠããã
ç»å Žãã説話ã«ã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãããšã¯èæã®ç¥ã颚ã®ç¥ã§ãã£ãããšã窺ç¥ãããéšåããããããã®åå§ç圢æ
ã«ãããŠã¯ç§çã®ç¥ã«ããŠè±é¥ç¥ã§ãã£ããšãèããããç·æ ¹ããã€ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹æ±å(åŸè¿°)ã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã®åå§çè±é¥ç¥ãšããŠã®é¢ã瀺ããŠãããããšã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®å
äœæ°æãã©ã¹ãŽã€äºº(è±èªç)ã®ç¥ã§ãã£ããšèšãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®æŽå²å®¶ããŒãããã¹ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢äººããã«ã¡ãŒã¹æ±åãé ãããã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯ãã©ã¹ãŽã€äººã®é¢šç¿ãåãå
¥ãããã®ã ãšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹åŽæã®äžå¿å°ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®äžã§ãåå§çãªæåããšã©ããŠãããšèšãããã¢ã«ã«ãã£ã¢ã§ãã£ããã¢ã«ã«ãã£ã¢ã¯ç§çæ°ãå€ãäžéµå°åž¯ã§ãããçŸé£Œããã¡ã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ãå®¶çã®å®ãç¥ãšããŠåŽããŠããããããç¥ã
ã®äœ¿è
ãšãã£ã倿§ãªè·èœããã€äººæ Œç¥ãžãšçºå±ããèæ¯ãšããŠãããŒãªã¢äººã®äŸµå
¥åŸã«ã¢ãããŒã³ããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã«ä»£ãã£ãŠç§çŸç¥ã®åœ¹å²ãæ
ãããã«ãªã£ãããšãææãããã
å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã«ã¯ãã«ããããã¯è€æ°åœ¢ã§ãã«ãã€ãšåŒã°ãããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ç¥ã®ç³æ±åããããé端ãªã©ã«ç«ãŠãããŠããããã¥ãŒãã¥ãŒãã£ããŒã¹ã®ãæŠå²ãã«ãããšãçŽå
å415幎ããããããŒãœã¹æŠäºãæŠã£ãŠããã¢ããŒãã€ã®ãã«ããäžå€ã®ãã¡ã«å
šãŠå£ããããšããäºä»¶ãèµ·ããããã®äºä»¶ã¯ã¢ã«ããã¢ããŒã¹ã®äžæŽŸãèµ·ããããã®ãšçãããã¢ã«ããã¢ããŒã¹ãã©ã±ãã€ã¢ãŒã³åŽã«å¯è¿ãåå ãšãªã£ããã¢ã«ããã¢ãŒãã¹ãã©ã±ãã€ã¢ãŒã³åŽã«å¯ŸããŠè¡ã£ãé²èšããã£ããã§ã¢ããŒãã€ã¯çæšã®ææãåããã€ãã«ã¯æåããããšãšãªã£ãã
ãã«ã(ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹æ±å)ã¯ãã¢ããã£ã«ããšãŒã²æµ·ã®ããã€ãã®å³¶ã«ã¿ããããé«é¢ã®èžåãšèµ·ç«ããéœæ ¹ãæããè§æ±ã§ãããè·¯åãçã®å¢çãªã©ã«ç«ãŠãããå¢çã瀺ãç³ã§ãããšãšãã«ã蟲æ°ãç§äººãè±é¥å€ç£ãç¥é¡ããç¥éã®åã§ãã£ããšãæšæž¬ããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã®åå§ç圢æ
ã瀺ããã®ãšèããããŠããããã«ãã¯éã®ç«¯ãè§ã«ç©ãŸãã环ç³å (ãã«ãã€ãªã³)ã®åç§°ã§ãããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹æ±åã¯ããã®çºå±ãããã®ãšãèãããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã®åãä¿¡ä»°ã®èµ·æºãããã«æ±ããåããããããã«ãã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ããéç¥ç¥ã®ããã«é端ãå蟻ã«ç«ãŠãããæ
人ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯è¡éã瀺ãéããã¹ã§ãã£ãããšããããã«ã¡ãŒã¹ç¥ã¯æ
人ã®åºè·è
ãšãããçè
ãšæ»è
ã®æ¡å
人ãäŒä»€ãããã«ã¯å売ã亀éãåžãç¥ãšããŠã®æ§æ ŒãåããŠãã£ããšèããããã
ããŒãç¥è©±ã«ãããã¡ã«ã¯ãªãŠã¹(ããŒãã¥ãªãŒ)ã«çžåœãããæ°Žæã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§ã¯ãã«ã¡ãŒã¹ã®æãšããããããã¯ããŒã人ã«ãåãç¶ããããçŸä»£ãšãŒããã諞èªã§ã¡ã«ã¯ãªãŠã¹ã«çžåœããèªãæ°Žæã«åœãŠãã®ã¯ãã®ããã§ããã
ãšãžããã®å¡æºãšéè¡ã®ç¥ã«ããŠæžèšã®å®è·ç¥ã§ããããŒããšãã«ã¡ãŒã¹/ã¡ã«ã¯ãªãŠã¹ãç¿åãããã«ã¡ã¹ã»ããªã¹ã¡ã®ã¹ãã¹ã¯ãçŽå
1äžçŽãã3äžçŽã«æžããããã«ã¡ã¹ææžã®èè
ã«æ¬ããããã¢ãã©ãã ãŸãã¯ã¢ãŒã»ã®åæä»£äººãšããããäŒèª¬äžã®ãšãžããã®è³¢è
ã§ããããã«ã¡ã¹(ããªã¹ã¡ã®ã¹ãã¹)ã®åã¯12äžçŽé ããé¬éè¡ãšçµã³ã€ããã(ãã®ããé¬éè¡ã¯ãã«ã¡ã¹ã®è¡ãšããã)ããã«ã¡ã¹ã¯é¬éè¡åž«ã®å®è·è
ã«ããŠåŠåãæèžã®å§ç¥ã§ãããšèããããããã«ãªã£ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9
|
6,241 |
ã¬ã€ã¢
|
ã¬ã€ã¢(å€åž: Îαá¿Î±)ããããã¯ã²ãŒ(å€åž: Îá¿)ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ç»å Žãã女ç¥ã§ãããå°æ¯ç¥ã§ããã倧å°ã®è±¡åŸŽãšèšãããããã ããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯å€©ããå
å
ããäžçãã®ãã®ã§ãããæåéãã®å€§å°ãšã¯éãååšã§ãããããŒã·ãªãã¹ã®ãç¥çµ±èšãã«ããã°ãã«ãªã¹ããçãŸããã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ããšããŒã¹ãšåããäžçã®å§ãŸãã®æããååšããååç¥ã§ããã
ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ç»å Žããç¥ã
ã®å€ãã¯ã¬ã€ã¢ã®è¡çã«é£ãªãããŸã人é¡ããã®è¡ãåŒããŠãããšãããæ¯ãªã女ç¥ãšããŠã®ãªã·ã¢åå°ã§ç¯€ãåŽæããããæªæ¥ãäºèšããèœåãæã€å¥³ç¥ã§ããããã«ãã€ã®ç¥èšæã¯ã¢ãããŒã³ã®æã«æž¡ãåã«å
ã
ã¬ã€ã¢ã®ãã®ã§ãã£ããããã«ãå°äžã®ããããäºããã®äžã§è¡ãããããšãããèªèšã®ç¥ã§ãããã
ããŒãç¥è©±ã«ããããã«ãŒã¹ã«çžåœããã
ç¥ã
ãçãŸãã以åãå®å®ã«ã¯äœããªãã«ãªã¹(æ··æ²)ãåºãã£ãŠãããããã«ã¬ã€ã¢ãçãŸãããšããããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯èªãã®åã ãã§å€©ã®ç¥ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ãæµ·ã®ç¥ãã³ãã¹ãå±±ã®ç¥ãŠãŒã¬ã¢ãŒãç£ã¿ãæ¯ãšãªãããšããŒã¹ã®åãã§ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ãšèŠªåå©ã倫ãšããããã®ãããŠãŒã©ãã¹ã¯ç¥ã
ã®çãšãªã£ãããããŠãŠãŒã©ãã¹ãšã®éã«ã¯ããã¹ãã¯ãããšããç·å¥³6æ±ãã€ã®åã©ããçãã ãããããã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³(å·šç¥)ã§ããããŸããã¥ã¯ããŒãã¹(äžã€ç®ã®å·šäºº)ããã«ãã³ã±ã€ã«(çŸæ¬ã®æãæã€å·šäºº)ãã®ã¬ãŒã¹(巚人ãã®ã¬ã³ãã¹ãšåŒã°ããããšãå€ã)ããã¥ãŒããŒã³(çè)ããã¥ãŒããŒã³(ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±å²äžæå€§æåŒ·ã®æªç©)ãªã©ã®éç¥ã»æªç©ãç£ãã ããŠãŒã©ãã¹ãã¯ããã¹ã«å»å¢ããã(ããã¯åäŸãã¡ã幜éãããã¬ã€ã¢ãæãåœããããšã ã£ã)åŸã«ã¯ããã³ãã¹ã倫ã«ãããšãèšãããŠããã
ã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ããŠãŒã©ãã¹ãšã®éã«ã¯ç·ç¥ãªãŒã±ã¢ãã¹ãã³ã€ãªã¹ããã¥ããªãŒãªãŒã³ãã¯ã¬ã€ãªã¹ãã€ãŒã¢ããã¹ããããŠæ«åã¯ããã¹ãã女ç¥ããŒãã¥ãŒã¹ãã¬ã¢ãŒãããã¹ãã ããŒã¢ã·ã¥ããŒããã€ããŒããã£ãªãŒããŒããã€ã¢ãŒããæãå·šç¥ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³äžæãçãã ã
ã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ãŸããç°åœ¢ã®ç¥ã
ãã«ãã³ã±ã€ã«ããã¥ã¯ããŒãã¹ãã¡ãçãããããŸãã®éãããã«ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ã圌ããå¥çã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ãžéã蟌ããŠããŸã£ããåã©ããã¡ã®æ¯ã§ããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯æ²ãã¿ããŠãŒã©ãã¹ãžã®å ±åŸ©ãèããåäŸãã¡ã«åŸ©è®ãåŒã³ããããåäŸãã¡ã¯åœåãç¶ãæã誰ãåä¹ãåºãªãã£ãããæ«ã£åã®ã¯ããã¹ãèªãåä¹ããäžããã¬ã€ã¢ã®äœã£ãéã®å€§éãåãåãããŠãŒã©ãã¹ãžåŸ©è®ããããšãšãªãã
ãã®å€ãã¯ããã¹ãã¬ã€ã¢ã«ç¥ãããããŠããå Žæãžè¡ããšããŠãŒã©ãã¹ã¯åŠ»ã¬ã€ã¢ã«ãã¶ããããã«ããŠå¯ãŠãããã¯ããã¹ã¯å€§éã§ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ã®ç·æ§åšãåãèœãšããããããåããèªãã®è¡åãæ¥ãããŠãŒã©ãã¹ã¯ã¬ã€ã¢ã®ããšãå»ã£ããããã«ãŠã¯ããã¹ãç¥ã
ã®çãšãªããããã®æã¯ããã¹ã¯ãŠãŒã©ãã¹ã«ããããŠãåãèªåã®æ¯åã«çäœãéããããããšã«ãªãã ãããããšèšããããã®èšèã¯ã¯ããã¹ã®è³è£ã«çŒãã€ãããšãšãªã£ãã
ãããŠåŠ»ã¬ã¢ãŒãšã®éã«ã§ããåäŸã飲ã¿èŸŒãã§ããŸã£ãã¯ããã¹ã«ãŒãŠã¹ã埩è®ã決æãããããŠãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã³äžæãšãªãªã¥ã³ãã¹ç¥ã®æŠããå§ãŸãã10å¹Žä»¥äžæŠããé·åŒããšãã¯ããã¹ã®æšªæŽããèŠãããŠããã¬ã€ã¢ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ãã¡ã«ã¿ã«ã¿ãã¹ã«éã蟌ãããããã«ãã³ã±ã€ã«ããã¥ã¯ããã¹ãã¡ã®ããšãæãã圌ããæãåºãããšãå§ããããã«ãã³ã±ã€ã«ã¯çŸæ¬ã®æã§å€§å²©ãæãããã¥ã¯ããŒãã¹ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã«é·ãšçš²åŠ»ãäžãããããããŠãŒãŠã¹ãã¯æ°ããªå³æ¹ãšãšãã«æŠãã«èšã¿ãã€ãã«ã¯ããã¹ãšã®æŠãã«æã¡åã£ãã倩ã¯ãŒãŠã¹ããæµ·ã¯ãã»ã€ããŒã³ããå¥çã¯ããŒããŒã¹ãæ²»ããããšãšãªãã倧å°ã¯çã®ãã®ãšãªã£ãã®ã§ãã£ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.