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Carrier HMS Argus, loaded with a dozen Hawker Hurricane and two Blackburn Skua fighters of 418 Flight RAF, was part of Operation Hurry heading for Malta on the 1st August 1940. Argus was escorted by HMS Arc Royal, three Battleships, two cruisers, and ten destroyers forming Force H. 0n route from Gibraltar they were attacked by two waves of Italian aircraft but the attacks were successfully repelled. Of the twelve Hurricanes which flew from Argus two crashed on landing and the remainder were used as defence against aerial attack during the Siege of Malta. On the 14th August 1940 Sir Henry Tizard departed England for Washington in the USA. He travelled with Royal Air Force (RAF) Group Captain Pierce on the day following the Battle of Britain effectively began. Tizard was an English chemist, inventor who developed the classification of petrol octane rating. He was also the Rector of Imperial College London which was the centre for scientific research, and was also involved in the development of radar. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was finally convinced that Tizard should go to the U.S. to obtain the technical research on which the British radar system could be improved. During the Battle of Britain, on the 13th August 1940 the Luftwaffe began to focus on bombing raids upon British airfields and radar stations. With the radar systems Britain possessed an effective air defence system and although the Luftwaffe air strikes did substantial damage to radar sites they were able to continue operating. The information received provided sufficient warning to enable British fighters to be in the air to attack the assaulting bombers and fighters. By the 15th August 1940 the Luftwaffe abandoned the air attacks on the radar stations and concentrated on RAF bases. On the 18th August 1940 due to heavy losses of German bombers, Luftwaffe fighters were ordered to protect the bombers. Both sides suffered heavy losses with the RAF losing 21% of their fighter pilots and the Luftwaffe losing 16% of their fighter pilots. To overcome British losses fighter construction was increased but it was more difficult to replace pilots. In his speech to the House of Commons on the 20th August 1940 Churchill included his famous address about “The Few”, referring to the efforts of the RAF crews who were at that time fighting the Battle of Britain. On the 16th August 1940 Churchill visited the operations room in the Battle of Britain Bunker at RAF Uxbridge. He was so moved by what he saw that he composed the words “Never in the history of mankind has so much been owed by so many to so few”. In his speech he changed the phrasing of the wording in the section:- “The gratitude of every home in our island, in our Empire, and indeed throughout the world, except in the abodes of the guilty, goes out to British airmen, who undaunted by odds, unweary in their constant challenge and mortal danger, are turning the tide of the world war by their prowess and by their devotion. Never in the field of human conflict has so much been owed by so many to so few”. Officially the Battle of Britain ended on the 31st October 1940 as Germany’s attention was aimed at the large scale night time bomb attacks on London known as The Blitz. On the 25th August 1940 Churchill ordered retaliation bombing of Berlin following the attack and destruction of St. Giles Cripplegate Church and surrounding area on the previous day. The church stands within the City of London at Moorgate which is well away from any strategic industrial sites. It was the first area in the city that was hit by a German bomber. Just after midnight on the 26th August 1940, for the first time, British bombers flew directly over Berlin and dropped bombs. Anti-aircraft fire and searchlights were ineffective because not one British aircraft was brought down and all air crews returned safely to their bases. The occupants of Berlin were stunned as they had been told enemy planes would not break through Berlin’s anti-aircraft defence system. Restoration of St. Giles began in 1965 and was incorporated in the modern Barbican Estate. On the 31st August 1940 the British Destroyer Flotilla sailed from Immingham to the Dutch coast north-west of Texel to lay mines. The flotilla was joined by part of the 5th Destroyer Flotilla and while they were laying mines they were ordered to intercept a German naval force heading toward Britain. En-route to intercept the flotilla ran into a newly laid uncharted minefield. HMS Express was badly damaged causing many casualties after running into a mine where she lost most of bow. HMS Esk came to assist but also hit a mine and swiftly sank. The whole crew but one was lost. HMS Ivanhoe was badly damaged when hitting another mine whilst transferring the wounded from Express, causing more casualties. On the 1st September 1940 HMS Kelvin fired on Ivanhoe to scuttle her and the remainder of the flotilla returned to port including Express which was towed in. In all approximately 300 sailors were killed with another 100 being injured or taken prisoner of war when their rafts drifted onto the Dutch coast and were detained by the German authorities. The German invasion force the air reconnaissance had detected turned out to be a small mine laying unit transferring from Cuxhaven to Rotterdam. Following the surrender of France to Germany in June 1940, Brigadier General Charles de Gaulle departed to London rather than surrender. On the 2nd August 1940 the Vichy French government sentenced de Gaulle to death for treason against France because he had formed the Free French movement in London. He had called for the French people to resist the Germans in his radio broadcast on the BBC. He also claimed sovereignty over France by forming a second government-in-exile. General Phillippe Le Clerc landed at Douala in French Cameroon on the 27th August 1940 where he rallied the Free French to capture the town. French Cameroon was overseen by the pro-Vichy governor Richard Brunot. He was forced to hand over the civil administration of the state to Le Clerc and the Free French who had moved into Yaounde following the landing. German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler gave the Luftwaffe’s commander-in-chief Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring a directive (Directive No. 17) to launch an assault against Britain on the 1st August 1940 with RAF Fighter Command being the prime target. Göring promised Hitler the assault would achieve the required result within days but certainly within weeks. The 5th August 1940 saw the first of a number of postponements owing to bad weather in the channel. The 13th August 1940 marked the start of the German’s Battle of Britain codenamed “Adlertag” (Eagle Day). Over a ten hour period waves of bombers were launched against British airfields in Essex, Kent, Sussex and Hampshire. The intention was to test British capability to subdue widely separated attacks. They only achieved moderate success but it did demonstrate to British Fighter Command the difficulty in engaging German bombers in sufficient numbers to inflict significant losses. On the 24th August 1940 St. Giles Church Cripplegate and surrounding areas in Moorgate was attacked with considerable destruction imposed. Hitler had given instructions that St. Paul’s Cathedral was not to be damaged and as St. Giles is only a short distance away it is possible the bombers were jettisoning their bombs or just experiencing navigational errors. Hitler was outraged when Britain retaliated with the first night time bombing mission on Berlin and ordered the bombing of London to be intensified. On the 31st August 1940 the Germans mounted their largest operation in which Fighter Command losses were the heaviest of the whole Battle of Britain. Thirty nine British aircraft were shot down and fourteen pilots killed. On the same day Göring believed the attacks on British Radar stations were ineffective and decided to abandon these attacks to concentrate on the bombing of British cities. This error of judgement gave Fighter Command the opportunity to have fighters in the air to intercept the oncoming bombers. On the 17th August 1940 Hitler ordered a total blockade of Britain as a means to the weakening of the island prior to Operation Sea Lion. On the 22nd August 1940 German coastal long range artillery pieces, sited at the Pas-de-Calais in France, began to shell the Dover area aiming for both the town and any shipping located nearby. Over a thousand rounds were fired up to 1944 when the Allied invasion of Europe began. A major problem with the long range super-heavy guns was their barrels wore out relatively quickly therefore they could not fire very often as the barrels were difficult to make and expensive to replace. Under the 1939 Molotov/Ribbentrop Pact Russia had territorial rights granted over part of Romania who therefore lost all the territory gained by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. At the outbreak of the Second World War Romania had adopted a policy of neutrality which was guaranteed by Britain and France. Following the fall of France and Britain being besieged by the Germans the Romanian government turned to Germany to obtain similar guarantees. On the 30th August 1940 Adolf Hitler and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini dictated to Romania they must hand over the Northern Transylvanian territory to Hungary. Romania agreed to the terms of the partition and the territory was handed over to Hungary. On the 1st August 1940 the Italian Royal Navy established a submarine base at Betasom near Bordeaux in France. Italy and Germany had signed the Pact of Steel in June 1939 and following Italy’s entry into the war the Germans allocated a sector of the Atlantic south of Lisbon in Portugal for them to patrol. Betasom was selected to be their base which was in the German occupation zone. Italy played their part in the Battle of the Atlantic from 1940 to 1943. The Italian conquest of Brtish Somalia was part of the East Africa Campaign which began on the 4th August 1940. Italy with Eritrean and Somali forces of Fascist Italy confronted British Commonwealth and Somali irregular troops. Rainy weather and the British defence of the colony hampered any speed and mobility of the Italian expedition. The Italian forces headed for Tug Argan (tug is the local word for dry riverbed) with only the local police force conducting a delaying action while the British and Commonwealth troops retreated to Tug Argan. The Battle of Tug Argan was fought between the 11th -15th August 1940 when the Italians overran the colony and the British were ordered to evacuate the area and arrived at the port of Berbera on the 19th August 940 where the Royal Navy evacuated the British troops. Italy had won a decisive victory over the British. The Greek cruiser Elli was at anchor off the island of Tinos on the 15th August 1940 when she was sunk by Italian submarine Delfino. Three torpedoes hit Elli and she caught fire and sank killing nine petty officers and sailors and wounding a further twenty four. However, the sinking of Elli took place in peacetime two months before the outbreak of the Greco-Italian war. The Greek government, in the meantime, were aware of the perpetrator but did not want confrontation with Italy. They announced the nationality of the attacking submarine as being unknown. U.S. Ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy reported from London that a British surrender was inevitable unless Britain had military assistance from the United States. On 16th August 1940 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill warned President Franklin D. Roosevelt that if Britain was defeated her colonial islands nearest America could become a direct threat if they fell into German hands. Although not wanting to get involved in another European war Roosevelt proposed a “Destroyers for Bases Agreement” and on the 30th August 1940 he approved the deal. On the 3rd September 1940 destroyers, that were not vital to U.S. security, were transferred to the Royal Navy. In exchange for fifty destroyers Britain granted land, rent-free on 99-year leases, in nine various British colonies. These bases were available either for naval or air force facilities. The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed a constitutional republic of the Soviet Union on the 2nd August 1940. The new republic consisted of the Romanian regions of Bessarabia and North Bukovina and was occupied by the Soviet Union military in June/July 1940. The Soviet Union occupied the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania on the 3rd August 1940, where they were incorporated into the Soviet Union as constituent republics. Recognition of this incorporation was never accepted by most western powers. The military annexation of these states was part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 1939. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. 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HomeAfricaEthiopian Judaism Identical To That Practiced By Ancient Jews? Ethiopian Judaism Identical To That Practiced By Ancient Jews? Ethiopian Judaism Identical To That Practiced By Ancient Jews Ethiopian Jews are discriminated against in Israel. “It’s knowledge which hasn’t been written anywhere, and has been preserved in their traditions,” the researcher said. “They don’t even adhere to the famous rule which says that ‘Shabbat rules may be disregarded for the purpose of saving a life,'” Ziv said. “For the Ethiopian Jews, the sanctity of Shabbat must be preserved, even at the cost of human life.” Ziv added that there were different sects of Jews living during the time of the Second Temple—the Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots—who all lived according to different beliefs and rituals. Jewish rituals and customs today mostly take after the Pharisee tradition. Another example in the differences between mainstream Judaism and Ethiopian Judaism relates to sex during Shabbat. According to modern Jewish tradition, marital relations are not only permitted, but encouraged on the day of rest. Meanwhile, Ethiopian tradition holds that all sex is forbidden on Shabbat so as not to sully the body. Examples of this Ethiopian tradition have been found in the Dead Sea Scrolls. The discrepancies between the more “modern” Jewish law and the law of the Ethiopian Jewish elders—known as the Kessim—can be seen in different areas of Jewish law. According to mainstream Jewish custom, people in mourning refrain from cutting their hair or shaving their beards for a specified period of time, whereas Ethiopian custom is for mourners to cut their hair short and shave their beards—another tradition Ziv saw written in texts from the Second Temple Era. “After the Prophet Job underwent his bad tidings, it is written that he cut his hair. It was also written in some of the writings of Isaiah and Ezekiel that the Jews would cut their hair short during periods of mourning,” Ziv said. This ritual purity is another reason why ritual circumcision is not carried out in Ethiopian Jewish synagogues. Therefore, the circumcisions are carried out next to the tent of the menstruating women, and often done by the women. It is only after the first 40 days after a boy is born that an Ethiopian mother can return to the village. If a girl is born, then the mother must wait 80 days. The baby naming would then occur in the village. ‘They were a part of us, but were then cut off’ Ethiopian Judaism Identical To That Practiced By Ancient Jews Ethiopian Jews. The differences between the rituals and customs of mainstream Judaism and Ethiopian Judaism undermined the authority of the traditional Ethiopian Jewish leaders after they made aliyah to Israel, and even undermined the Ethiopians’ claims that they are indeed Jews. However, Ziv says that the customs and traditions of the Ethiopian Jews and their strong resemblance to Jewish traditions during the Second Temple Period only serve to strengthen their connection to Judaism as a whole. I’m convinced that this community was a part of the nation of Israel during ancient times, but they were cut off. We don’t know when or why, but it occurred before the Pharisic tradition became the mainstream Jewish tradition,” Dr. Ziv said. “The Jews of Ethiopia lived in exile and in complete isolation from the rest of the nation of Israel. However, they continued to keep the traditions of our forefathers up until this very day.” Another prominent Ethiopian Jewish tradition is strict observance of purity laws. For instance, when a woman is menstruating in Ethiopian Jewish society, she is sent to live in a specified tent outside of the village until she becomes “pure” once again, as is prescribed to be done in the Temple Scroll of the Dead Sea Scrolls. By: Yael Freidson Israel’s Covert Plan To Sterilize Ethiopian Jews - Advertisment - Trending Articles
Egyptian goddess Select Citation Style Share to social media Thank you for your feedback External Websites Britannica Websites Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Mut, in ancient Egyptian religion, a sky goddess and great divine mother. Mut is thought to have originated in the Nile River delta or in Middle Egypt. She came to prominence during the 18th dynasty (1539–1292 bce) as the companion of the god Amon at Thebes, forming the Theban triad with him and with the youthful god Khons, who was said to be Mut’s son. The name Mut means “mother,” and her role was that of an older woman among the gods. She was associated with the uraeus (rearing cobra), lionesses, and royal crowns. At Thebes the principal festival of Mut was her “navigation” on the distinctive horseshoe-shaped lake, or Isheru, that surrounded her temple complex at Karnak. Mut was usually represented as a woman wearing the double crown (of Upper and Lower Egypt) typically worn by the king and by the god Atum. She was also occasionally depicted with the head of a lioness, particularly when identified with other goddesses, principally Bastet and Sekhmet.
NASA bumps astronaut moon landing to 2025 at earliest FILE – This July 21, 1969 photo made available by NASA shows a U.S. flag planted at Tranquility Base on the surface of the moon, and a silhouette of a thruster at right, seen from a window in the Lunar Module. On Tuesday, Nov. 9, 2021, NASA announced it is delaying putting astronauts back on the moon until 2025 at the earliest. (NASA via AP, File) Christmas Day December 25 2021 12:00 am CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) — NASA is delaying putting astronauts back on the moon until 2025 at the earliest, missing the deadline set by the Trump administration. The space agency had been aiming for 2024 for the first moon landing by astronauts in a half-century. In announcing the delay Tuesday, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said Congress did not provide enough money to develop a landing system for its Artemis moon program. In addition, a legal challenge by Jeff Bezos’ rocket company, Blue Origin, stalled work on the Starship lunar lander under development by Elon Musk’s SpaceX. NASA is still targeting next February for the first test flight of its moon rocket, the Space Launch System, or SLS, with an Orion capsule. No one will be on board. Instead, astronauts will strap in for the second Artemis flight, flying beyond the moon but not landing in 2024, a year later than planned. That would bump the moon landing to at least 2025, according to Nelson. “The human landing system is a crucial part of our work to get the first woman and the first person of color to the lunar surface, and we are getting geared up to go,” Nelson told reporters. Officials said technology for new spacesuits also needs to ramp up, before astronauts can return to the moon. NASA’s last lunar landing by astronauts occurred during Apollo 17 in 1972. Altogether, 12 men explored the moon’s surface. During a National Space Council meeting in 2019, Vice President Mike Pence called for landing astronauts on the moon within five years “by any means necessary.” NASA had been shooting for a lunar landing in 2028, and pushing it up by four years was considered at the time exceedingly ambitious, if not improbable. Congress will need to increase funding, beginning with the 2023 budget, in order for NASA to have private companies competing for the planned 10 or more moon landings by astronauts, Nelson said. The space agency also is requesting a bigger budget for its Orion capsules, from $6.7 billion to $9.3 billion, citing delays during the coronavirus pandemic and storm damage. Development costs for the rocket through the first Artemis flight next year stands at $11 billion. Vice President Kamala Harris will convene her first National Space Council meeting, as its chair, on Dec. 1. Nelson said he updated her on the latest schedule and costs during their visit to Maryland’s Goddard Space Flight Center on Friday.
The Benefits of Stupas Purposes for the construction of a Stupa It is said to exist ten traditional purposes to build a stupa: 1 - As a memorial of a Master 2 - As a reliquary to preserve the relics of realized human beings 3 - As a magnetizer of enlightenment energy 4 - To create the conditions for the rebirth of Masters 5 - To promote longevity 6 - To promote peace and harmony 7 - To promote/attracting prosperity 8 - To prevent invasion of armies 9 - To purify diseases, pests and physical and mental imbalances 10 - To help achieve Enlightenment Benefits and Blessings from the Stupa Every time we look at a stupa but also to images of the Buddhas and Scriptures, the seed of liberation and enlightenment is planted in us. But not only is this positive impression left on our mental continuum, it also purifies the mind, creating the conditions for us, in this life or in the next, to encounter the Dharma, accomplish the wisdom of listening, reflecting and meditating, walk all the stages of the path of Sutra and Tantra and realize our true nature, the state of Buddhahood. Thus, we can say that the stupa has the power to affect our minds by leaving positive impressions, or prints and tendencies Since everything that we see creates impressions on our minds, for example when we watch TV or spend hours on social networks on our computers; when we see a movie or go for a walk, and depending on how we look and see things, all this will leave a positive or negative impression in our minds; so there is no reason to wonder if a stupa will also do the same. The fundamental difference is that a sacred object as a stupa leaves only positive impressions and unlimited benefits. Thus, the purpose of constructing stupas is to benefit the life of all sentient beings; and all who see a stupa will receive benefits, among them: - Purify the mind - Accumulation of merit, or conditions conducive to happiness and success - Will help to take care of infirmities of body and mind - Among many others… as to help preserve the Mahayana There are still many other benefits from practices related with stupas. Kyabje Trulshig Rinpoche about the Benefits of Stupas Characteristics of our Stupa The stupa represents Buddha's holy mind, Dharmakaya, and each part of it shows the path to Enlightenment. Building a stupa is a very powerful way to purify negative karma and obscurations, and to accumulate extensive merit. In this way you can have realizations of the path to Enlightenment and be able to do perfect work to liberate suffering beings, who equal the sky, leading them to the peerless happiness of Enlightenment, which is the ultimate goal of our life. The upper reliquary temple of our stupa, which is not be accessible, contains the full Kangyur (103 volumes of Sutra and Tantra) and Tengyur (216 volumes of Shastras) as well as relics and specially blessed objects. The tower contains one thousand “tsatsa” representing each one hundred stupas; so one hundred thousand stupas, with earth of the sacred places of Buddhist pilgrimage. This extraordinary Buddhist monument is a symbol of Buddhism taking roots in Western Europe. It is a major step in the establishment of Dharma and the preservation of its purity in the future. It will contribute to the preservation of the genuine, unspoiled Buddhist tradition, not only in Europe, but in the whole world.
Melioidosis is a highly contagious disease which if not treated in time can lead to death in a span of two days. Melioidosis (alsocalled as Whitmore’s disease) is caused by Whitmore bacillus bacteria. The disease is contracted through the skin and lungs or by drinking contaminated water. The symptoms of the disease include fever, convulsions, and shortness of breath. Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease or excessive alcohol intake people are more likely to contract melioidosis. The risk is also more for people who are regularly exposed to soil and water contact like rice farmers. The disease still has no licenced vaccine. The diagnosis of the disease is difficult as the disease mimics other diseases and it requires a good microbiology laboratory for identification of bacterial culture and to make an accurate diagnosis. This is the main concern about this disease. Latest E-Books
✓ Evidence Based 9 Signs and Symptoms of Vitamin C Deficiency Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble vitamin and potent antioxidant that needs to be a part of your daily intake of nutrients (1, 2). It helps to protect the body against a buildup of free radicals, oxidative stress (3), and there are many more health benefits of Vitamin C. We must replenish vitamin C daily because it is a water-soluble vitamin, which means it gets excreted through urine. Severe vitamin C deficiency is also called scurvy. Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency, and it is uncommon (4, 5). Vitamin C Deficiency Symptoms Although vitamin C deficiency is rare, many people can be insufficient. Even though you may not experience all of these signs and symptoms severely, or perhaps just one or two, there is still a chance you are not getting a sufficient amount of vitamin C. Signs and Symptoms of Vitamin C Deficiency Do you think you are getting too little vitamin C? Severe vitamin C deficiency causes severe signs and symptoms. Check out the symptoms below: 1. Dry Skin Vitamin C helps to protect the skin, so too little vitamin C can lead to dry skin over time (6, 7). The skin is the largest organ in the body and needs protection from nutrients and the environment. This vitamin helps instill skin elasticity, strength, and even ultraviolet radiation (8). Dry skin can occur with too little vitamin C because the skin is not protected. Vitamin C helps to produce barrier lipids in skin cells, so an adequate amount is necessary to prevent dry skin (9). Vitamin C not only protects against dry skin, but it also helps to prevent sunburn in combination with sunscreen. Be sure to protect the body’s largest organ, the skin, with ample amounts of vitamin C daily. Summary: Dry skin is commonly caused by vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C helps improve skin elasticity, strength, and prevent against ultraviolet radiation. It’s important for producing barrier lipids in skin cells, which lock in moisture on the skin. When combined with protective sunscreen, vitamin C can also prevent severe sunburns. 2. Slow Wound Healing One of the crucial factors that vitamin C helps with is in wound healing (10, 11). The body has a remarkable ability to heal itself, but if you are severely deficient in this vitamin, wound healing can be slow. There is a direct connection between vitamin C deficiency and wound healing. Vitamin C allows collagen synthesis to take place, which leads to wound healing (12). Without vitamin C, wound healing can be slow, which can lead to the formation of keloids and decrease elastin development (13). Be sure that you are getting enough vitamin C in your diet to make sure your body heals properly. Summary: Vitamin C is very powerful in healing wounds. If the body lacks vitamin C, slow wound healing can occur. Vitamin C promotes collagen synthesis. Collagen is necessary for wound healing to rebuild tissue. Slow wound healing can cause keloid formation, or thick tissue growth on wound sites, and decreased elastin development. 3. Bleeding Gums and Tooth Loss Another term for bleeding gums is periodontitis. Periodontitis is a slow-progressing severe gum infectious disease that leads to chronic inflammation, gum bleeding, pockets, and more (14, 15). Periodontitis can be a direct factor of lower levels of vitamin C in the blood (16). With bleeding gums or periodontitis, tooth loss can occur (17), depending on the severity. There are many nutrients necessary to ensure teeth and gum health. Vitamin C is just one that can affect the chances of bleeding gums. Make sure to eat more foods high in vitamin C if you are experiencing any type of gum issues. Check out the food list below to see where you can add more to your diet. Summary: Bleeding gums, or periodontitis, is a slow-progressing infectious gum disease that causes chronic inflammation, bleeding, and much more. Tooth loss can also occur if periodontitis is severe. Low vitamin C can cause bleeding gums. If you are experiencing gum issues, increase vitamin C intake to promote good gum health. 4. Frequent Bruising Do you bruise like a peach? Some people tend to injure more than others, even without much of a reason. If you bruise easily, it can be beneficial to get your blood work checked. One reason for frequent bruising is low levels of vitamin C (18, 19). Be sure that your doctor checks your vitamin C levels, as it is not a typical routine test unless requested. In one study, vitamin C supplementation shows a dramatic reduction in extensive bruising (20). That is typically a later stage factor, as is bleeding gums, but it is good to be aware of the implications. Summary: If you bruise easily, you may need to check your vitamin C levels. Talk to your doctor if this is something you experience often so you can check your levels. Some studies suggest increasing vitamin C intake can reduce extensive bruising. 5. Lowered Immunity Many know that vitamin C helps to drastically enhance the immune system, warding off many illnesses. It can help to lessen symptoms of the common cold and protect your body from sickness (21, 22). Many nutrients influence the immune system, and vitamin C is one. Vitamin C protects the body and builds immunity by creating a defense against pathogens that lead to illness (23). When you feel like you may be catching a cold, vitamin C can be a great go-to to prevent or lessen symptoms of the common cold. Summary: Vitamin C is very important for proper immune function. It can even help lessen symptoms of the common cold. Vitamin C protects the body by creating a defense against pathogens that leads to illness. If you get sick often, or feel a cold coming on, boost your vitamin C intake. 6. Fatigue Fatigue is a common symptom of many vitamin deficiencies, but several studies point to the fact that vitamin C supplements or intravenous vitamin C infusions can reduce fatigue (24). Those in the intravenous study showed significant improvement in fatigue within just two hours after receiving vitamin C infusions. Vitamin C supplements can also help combat fatigue. Fatigue symptoms can drastically decrease with regular supplementation of vitamin C as well as a change in diet (25). If you are feeling fatigued lately, be sure you are getting enough crucial vitamins and minerals for energy like vitamin C, B12, and more. Summary: Fatigue is a common symptom of many deficiencies, and vitamin C is one of them. Increasing vitamin C intake from food and supplements has been shown to reduce fatigue. If you’re feeling tired, focus on boosting vitamin C as well as B12 intake. 7. Mood Changes Are you noticing a significant change in your moods lately? Vitamin C can have a significant impact on the quality of your mood daily (26, 27). Although mood changes can vary in their cause, there is some evidence that points to vitamin C deficiency. Micronutrient levels play a role in what your mood is (28). One study shows that vitamin C deficiency has a direct link to decreased mood, in males between the ages of 18 and 35. Those who had higher vitamin C concentrations in their blood also had improved mood leaves (29). Summary: Vitamin C is a mood boosting nutrient. Vitamin C deficiency has been linked to mood changes. One particular study showed a direct link in vitamin C deficiency and decreased mood in males. 8. Corkscrew Hairs Corkscrew hair is a common symptom of scurvy or severe vitamin C deficiency (30, 31). Corkscrew hair is when hairs grow in opposite directions, in a corkscrew type of way. Bleeding gums is also another common sign that goes along with corkscrew hairs. Vitamin C deficiency sets in after 8 to 12 weeks of insufficient intake. It can even show up as irritability and anorexia in the initial stages (32). Many of the symptoms above can go hand in hand with corkscrew hairs. Your doctor must give you an evaluation, assess risk factors in your life, and perform a physical examination to determine if you have this symptom. Summary: Corkscrew hair is when hair grows in opposite directions, resembling a corkscrew. This is a common symptom of scurvy, which is a severe vitamin C deficiency. Generally, bleeding gums goes along with corkscrew hairs, as well as irritability and anorexia in the earlier stages. 9. Anemia Anemia can occur for many reasons. Lack of iron intake, especially heme iron, is a common cause (33, 34). But vitamin C deficiency can be another factor in anemia. Vitamin C helps to boost the absorption of iron in the body, so there can be a direct association between anemia and this powerful antioxidant (35). Those who follow a strict vegan or vegetarian diet can benefit from boosting vitamin C foods to maximize the absorption of iron and avoid anemia as well as vitamin C deficiency. Summary: Lack of iron, especially heme iron, can cause anemia. Heme iron comes from animal sources, non-heme comes from plants. Heme iron absorbs better than non-heme iron. Vitamin C helps boost the absorption of iron, so it is recommended to consume vitamin C and iron together. Those who are vegan or vegetarian and consume mostly non-heme iron sources benefit from eating more vitamin C. Foods with High Vitamin C Content Many foods are high in vitamin C. Check out the list below to see where you can start adding more foods high in vitamin C to your diet today (36, 37, 38). • Strawberries • Kiwi • Red bell pepper • Sweet and white potatoes • Tomatoes and tomato juice • Winter squash • Spinach • Cabbage • Leafy greens • Broccoli • Turnip greens • Brussel sprouts • Cauliflower • Cantaloupe • Oranges Is there somewhere you can start adding more vitamin C to your diet? Start with this list today. Vitamin C deficiency is usually rare, but many people may get insufficient levels daily. This essential vitamin and antioxidant boost immunity, improve skin health, prevent gum disease, fatigue, mood changes, frequent bruising, and more. Consider your vitamin levels each year by going for a routine checkup at your healthcare professional. If you are eating a healthy, balanced diet full of vitamin C-rich foods, you should be getting sufficient levels. Remember to eat plenty of vegetables, fruits, and other foods high in vitamin C to meet your daily recommended requirement and reap the benefits. Evidence Based Throughout this article, you’ll find scientific references (highly trusted peer-reviewed scientific papers, links denoted by the numbers in the parentheses (1, 2, 3)).
Why Eating Grapes is Beneficial for Your Health Why Eating Grapes is Beneficial for Your Health Some people might be surprised to find out that grapes are good for their health. While they are mostly know for being delicious snacks, they have some surprising benefits. Grapes are a good source of vitamins and minerals. They contain: • Vitamin A: Grapes contain beta-carotene, which is converted to vitamin A in the body. • Vitamin C: This antioxidant helps protect cells from free-radical damage. Folic acid, or folate: This B vitamin is important for cell growth and repair, and may help reduce the risk of birth defects when taken by women before conception and during early pregnancy. Folate may also lower blood levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that has been linked with heart disease. • Potassium: Grapes can help lower blood pressure by reducing sodium levels in the body. • Fiber: Grapes contain a type of soluble fiber that can help lower cholesterol levels in the blood and may also reduce your risk of heart disease. • Flavonoids: These antioxidants have been shown to have anti-cancer activity in laboratory studies. • Grapes are low in calories and contain no fat or cholesterol, so they’re a healthy snacking option. In addition, grapes have been shown to improve blood vessel function, especially in people with diabetes. Grapes are an excellent source of soluble and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber helps to lower cholesterol levels, and insoluble fiber helps to keep the digestive system healthy. Grapes also contain antioxidants such as flavonoids, which protect against cancer and heart disease. Grapes can help to lower blood pressure by increasing nitric oxide production. Grapes contain the antioxidant resveratrol, which has been shown to lower the risk of heart disease and cancer and may also help to prevent Alzheimer’s disease and osteoporosis. Grapes can help to lower blood pressure by increasing nitric oxide production, which causes the blood vessels to relax, thereby reducing blood pressure. The antioxidants in grapes have been shown to protect against heart disease and cancer as well as reduce inflammation. Grape seed extract is also a well-known skin treatment as it contains anthocyanins, which have been proven effective in preventing skin cancer. Anna Daniels Share this post Post Comment
Thinking Outside the Classroom: View the near-total lunar eclipse this week \| Mark Laurin Thinking Outside the Classroom A total lunar eclipse is pictured. Look to the sky Thursday night and Friday morning to see a near-total lunar eclipse. Getty Images Did you know that lunar eclipses occur only at full moons and are visible anywhere the moon is above the horizon at the time? And are you aware that the lunar eclipse Thursday, Nov. 18, is the longest partial lunar eclipse of the century? Put the coffee on: It’s gonna be a long night, and it will be worth it. It’s all geometry An eclipse begins with a straight line. Remember that a line is made up of a set of points that extend in opposite directions. In an eclipse, those set points are the sun, Earth and moon. As the Earth passes between the sun and moon, the planet casts its shadow on the moon. Since the moon’s orbit is tipped around 5 degrees off-plane in relation to the Earth and sun, that straight line usually isn’t entirely straight. A lunar eclipse is the result of the moon crossing that plane of the Earth and sun at “nodes” at the same time as a full moon. Types of eclipses There are three basic types of lunar eclipses: • Penumbral eclipse: When the moon passes through the Earth’s penumbral shadow • Partial eclipse: When the moon only partially enters the Earth’s umbral shadow • Total eclipse: When the entire moon passes through the Earth’s umbral shadow What to look for Late on Thursday, the moon enters the outer region of the Earth’s shadow called the penumbra. At this point inside the Earth’s shadow, the Earth appears to cover part of the moon’s disk, but not all of it. The moon will be noticeably dimmer. When the moon enters the umbra nearing totality early Friday, Nov. 19, the color it takes on can vary. Astronomers use the 0-4 Danjon Scale to rate the moon’s look, ranging from “nearly invisible” to “copper.” This near-total lunar eclipse is anticipated as a 3 on the scale, described as a brick-red moon that might have a yellow edge. Regarding the duration of the eclipse, the average lunar eclipse lasts about 90 minutes. This eclipse runs for about 3 hours and 30 minutes. That’s the longest duration of a partial lunar eclipse in over 580 years. OK, it’s gonna take a full pot of coffee! When to watch • 11:03 p.m. Moon begins to enter the Earth’s penumbra • 2:04 a.m. Moon at greatest eclipse (center of umbra) • 5:04 a.m. Moon departs the Earth’s penumbra Look at the full moon at around midnight, and you will see a growing red hue if skies are clear. Keen observers will recognize the subtle color difference in the shadow, and some will not. The best time to view the umbra shadow is mid-eclipse at 2:04 a.m. Then, the moon’s color will be a rusty brick red. Since the eclipse is mostly in the early morning, the bright autumn and winter constellations will ride high in the southern and western skies framing the event. About three-fingers width to the north of the moon at mid-eclipse is the constellation Pleiades. The “mini dipper” will be an amazing contrast to the red moon with its cluster of light-blue primary stars. Finally, look at the brighter background stars right next to the moon, and watch them get eclipsed by the moon, too! This is called an occultation. There’s so much to look at Thursday night and Friday morning that the time will fly by. Set the alarm clock, put out your warm clothes, grab the binoculars, get the coffee ready and enjoy some cosmic geometry! Of course, you can go back inside if you get cold or need to take a quick nap. Heck, it’s the longest lunar eclipse of the century. You’ve got time, but you can’t afford to miss it. Happy near-total lunar eclipse and clear skies to you! Mark Laurin Support Local Journalism Support Local Journalism
Melting Glaciers Have Exposed Frozen Relics of World War I As glaciers melt and shrink in the Alps of Northern Italy, long-frozen relics of World War I have been emerging from the ice. They include cups, cans, letters, weapons and bones with the marrow sucked dry. They were found in cave barracks not far from the frigid summit of Mount Scorluzzo, which reaches more than 10,000 feet over sea level in Northern Italy, near Switzerland. The Austro-Hungarian soldiers who occupied those barracks were fighting Italian troops in what became known as the White War. There in the Alps — removed from the more famous Western Front, a site of bloody trench warfare between Germany and France — troops climbed to precarious heights in the stinging cold to carve fortifications into the rock and snow. The weather that tested the troops on Mount Scorluzzo ultimately preserved their barracks, freezing the entrance shut after soldiers abandoned their post at the end of the war in 1918. The structure was essentially impenetrable for decades — until 2017, when enough of the ice and snow had melted, allowing researchers to enter. The barracks have now been excavated, revealing the items that were left behind and offering a fuller glimpse of the people who lived in the cramped space more than a century ago. The barracks, in Stelvio National Park, are “sort of a time machine,” said Stefano Morosini, a historian who coordinates heritage projects for the park and is a professor at the University of Bergamo in Italy. “We are interested not only in a historical way, but also in a scientific way,” he added. “How was the pollution? How were the epidemiological conditions in the barracks? How did the soldiers sleep, and how did they suffer? What did they eat?” Many of the relics will eventually be shown at a museum that is expected to open next year in the town of Bormio, Mr. Morosini said. Another museum dedicated to the White War already exists in the nearby town Temù, and staff members there are now working to restore the relics found in the barracks. Luca Pedrotti, a scientific coordinator at the park, said the relics held lessons in environmental science as well as history. Extremely cold weather killed soldiers in Northern Italy more than a century ago; today, warmer conditions present a different kind of threat. Mr. Pedrotti, who lived in the park as a child, said he had watched the glaciers recede over decades. He has seen changes in the flora and observed cold-loving animals move up toward the mountaintops, clinging to habitable zones that continue to shrink. “I think it is important that we use the park as a study area to raise awareness about climate change,” he said. In the White War, most of the soldiers who died were believed to have been killed not by the fighting, but by the environment. Their remote outposts were hard to fortify with food and supplies, and the windswept peaks were prone to avalanches. “Here, the men spend their days wrapped in shaggy furs, their faces smeared with grease as a protection from the stinging blasts, and their nights in holes burrowed in the snow,” E. Alexander Powell, a newspaper correspondent, wrote in “Italy at War,” a book published in 1918. “On no front, not on the sun-scorched plains of Mesopotamia, nor in the frozen Mazurian marshes, nor in the blood-soaked mud of Flanders, does the fighting man lead so arduous an existence as up here on the roof of the world.” Now, Italian scientists and researchers are working to reconstruct the daily lives of the soldiers who fought at the frozen front. Already, it is clear that they battled starvation — they were hungry enough to eat bone marrow and fruit pits — and that they did their best to fight the cold with layers of fabric and fur. They also wrote letters to their loved ones, telling of spectacular views and horrible conditions. “We are not so interested in the guns, because guns are a way to kill,” Mr. Morosini said. “We are interested in the relics that show the extreme environmental conditions, and the extreme life conditions, of these soldiers.” No bodies were found in the barracks, though frozen corpses of people who fought in the White War have appeared nearby. Researchers did, however, find at least one sign of life, said Alessandro Nardo, the director of the park. “When I first came here to manage Stelvio National Park, in the end of 2018, one of the things that attracted my curiosity was a small pot on a desk with a green wild geranium,” he said. “I asked my colleague what was it, and he said it had germinated from the seeds found in the mattresses of the barrack of Scorluzzo.”
How to copyright Michelangelo From the Borgias to Bill Gates It can be argued that this law about artwork reproductions originated as a courtesy to museums and cultural institutions, and sustains their efforts to preserve our artistic heritage. But there are other agencies that operate solely for profit. Bill Gates, the world's richest man, founded Corbis, the world's largest source for archival images in 1989. There is a (probably apocryphal) legend about Gates conceiving the idea for Corbis because he wanted fine art to display on the large screen TVs in his new mansion. But legends aside, clearly Gates saw that the image brokering business was ripe for exploitation by someone with deep pockets. Corbis has recently acquired several major sole-source archives of images, such as The Bettmann Archive. Corbis offers many contemporary copyrighted photos, but it also provides copyrighted photos of old public domain works for which Corbis is the only source; this can only be considered a monopoly. Corbis has negotiated deals to purchase the exclusive rights to the entire archives of major museums across the world. The museums transfer copyrights of all their works to Corbis, and Corbis makes the images available for purchase, guaranteeing the museums a revenue stream. Corbis has yet to make a profit from these museum collections, but the museums are locked into long term contracts and they like the money. Ultimately, it should not be surprising that a monopolist like Bill Gates discovered a clause in copyright law that allowed him to acquire a new monopoly. All monopolies ultimately derive from copyrights or patents granted by government. There is essentially no difference between a monopoly on artworks by Corbis, or a monopoly on computer operating systems by Microsoft. In a video interview on CNN in March 2006, Gates outlined his vision of Corbis as a commercial hub for image transactions, proposing a system of Digital Rights Management for images. You can see the video here. Whatever Gates touches, he makes into an expression of his personal business philosophy. The same provisions of copyright law apply to cultural institutions as well as robber barons, the only difference is how those laws are exploited. Copyright laws are fine, and work for, not against, the public interest. The ability to exploit the rights to Michelangelo's original work permitted a new masterpiece to emerge. But copyright only works if we can rein in the robber barons. ® This famous Holbein painting was executed in 1533, but the post-restoration photo bears a copyright notice by The National Gallery of London, dated 2002. This painting was restored in 1997, it might have been difficult to get patrons to support an expensive restoration project if the Gallery could not profit from IP licensing of the newly restored artwork. The National Gallery's IP licensing terms are available here. Other stories you might like Biting the hand that feeds IT © 1998–2021
Choice of two investment accounts Assignment Help Finance Basics Reference no: EM132234887 You have your choice of two investment accounts. Investment A is a 12 year annuity that features beginning of the month $1,500 investments, and an interest rate of 8.25% compounded monthly. Investment B is a 10 year, annually compounded lump-sum investment with an interest rate of 7%. How much money would you need to invest in B, two years from now (year 2) for it to be worth the same amount as investment A is 12 years from now (year 12)? Reference no: EM132234887 What is the cost of capital 1. What is the cost of capital? How do you calculate the cost of capital? Why is it important in capital budgeting decisions. 2. What are some capital budgeting tools? Explain Discuss the logic for the use of the exchange rates Identify the exchange rates used to translate income statement and balance sheet items when the foreign currency is defined as the functional currency. Discuss the logic for t Describe the case study frank smith plumbing Compare the cost of the truck to the cash flow records. Analyze whether the investment in the truck is profitable. Explain whether it is more beneficial for Frank to close his Prepare spreadsheet investment analysis of investment return Your portfolio management report and presentation will be submitted directly to your firm's high-net-worth client with the approval of your firm's Board of Directors - Prepa How much of the new investment must be financed To maintain the present capital structure, how much of the new investment must be financed by common equity?Assume that there is sufficient cash flow such that Tysseland can m The origination team of a global investment bank You work in the Origination team of a global investment bank. You have been in regular contact with the finance team at British Airways plc, which your bank hopes to win as How sensitive is ocf to changes in quantity sold straight-line depreciation to zero over the four-year life; zero salvage value; price = $22; variable costs = $12; fixed costs = $160,000; quantity sold = 82,000 units; tax Calculating profitability and liquidity ratios Taking the example of financial statements of any existing company for any two years, perform a ratio analysis using profitability ratios and liquidity ratios. Write a Review Free Assignment Quote Assured A++ Grade
Skip to content Interpreting the Evidence Germans Invading Russia with Their Dogs • Documents in this Activity: • Historical Era: Turn of the Century and WWI (1890 - 1930) • Thinking Skill: Historical Analysis & Interpretation • Grade Level: Middle School High School College University • Topics: World War I • Primary Source Types: • Regions: United States • Creator: NYS Archives Partnership Trust Education Team 1. Load Germans Invading Russia with Their Dogs, World War I, 1915 in Main Image Viewer Suggested Teaching Instructions Document Description Germans invading Russia with their dogs, World War I, 1915. Historical Context Dogs had an important role to play in World War I. One of the primary reasons they were used was to carry messages between the front and military headquarters. Trained dogs were faster than human runners and presented less of a target to the enemy. Furthermore, dogs could travel over any terrain because they were not weighed down with heavy uniforms and equipment. Dogs also, in many cases, provided psychological comfort for troops who were otherwise demoralized by the horrors of trench warfare. Rin Tin Tin was one of the most famous war dogs of World War I. He was found by U.S. troops in an abandoned German war dog station in Lorraine, France. He was brought back to the U.S. and was the star of over 40 films. Essential Question How do animals contribute to historical events? Check for Understanding Describe how the Germans utilized dogs in their campaign. Historical Challenges The official use of dogs in the U.S. military began in WWII, although they were used before then unofficially. Dogs have fought in many wars since then. Research some famous military dogs and their accomplishments. Interdisciplinary Connections English Language Arts: Write a journal entry from a dog's perspective as he is assisting in battle. Math: One dog that served in WWI traveled 4,000 meters over difficult terrain to carry a message from the front to one brigade’s headquarters. He made the trip in 60 minutes. How fast was he traveling? Science: Breed is important when choosing dogs for military use. German shepherds are the standard dog chosen. Why do you think German shepherds make good military dogs?
Your question: Is Nuremberg in East or West Germany? What county is Nuremberg? Is Bavaria in southern Germany? Two of the most populous states of Germany, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, are part of Southern Germany. They have a combined population of 23.5 million people. In the broader sense (with Rhineland-Palatinate and the Saarland), Southern Germany includes roughly 30 million people. What region is Schuylkill County in? Schuylkill County comprises the Pottsville, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the heart of the anthracite Coal Region of eastern Pennsylvania. Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. Schuylkill County • Land 779 sq mi (2,020 km2) • Water 4.2 sq mi (11 km2) 0.5%% • Estimate (2019) 141,359 How safe is Nuremberg? Crime rates in Nuremberg, Germany Level of crime 30.75 Low Crime increasing in the past 3 years 64.08 High Worries home broken and things stolen 31.36 Low Worries being mugged or robbed 28.19 Low Worries car stolen 19.37 Very Low Is Nuremberg close to Berlin? The distance between Nuremberg and Berlin is 378 km. The road distance is 433.6 km. … Nuremberg to Berlin bus services, operated by FlixBus, depart from Nürnberg Hbf station. IT\'S FUN: How did Reformation start in Germany?
American Criminal Justice Analyze a problem in American criminal justice that needs to be solved. The problem should be one that offers some challenges but is still possible to resolve. It may be a problem that any level of government faces. This includes federal, state and local governments. Identify the problem, explain the problem, describe the history of the problem, identify causes of the problem, describe any unsuccessful attempts to solve the problem, what could be done to solve the problem and explain how we will know if the possible solution was successful. Format: 3-5 page essay + MLA Works Cited Page, 12-point Times New Roman font, double-spaced, 1 margins. Order Now
Frequent question: How can South Africa benefit from trading in global markets? How does South Africa benefit from international trade? Here are a few reasons why international trade is important for South Africa: International trade boosts the economy as goods can be sourced from countries with cheaper production costs – this also lowers the cost of goods for consumers. It attracts foreign investors and improves international relations. What are the advantages of global trade? Advantages of global trade include specialization, economic growth and reduction of global conflict. Barriers to trade can be either policy driven or natural. Policy barriers include tariffs, quotas, and product standards. Natural barriers include geographic barriers and information asymmetry. How international trade affects the South African economy? The study examined the impact of foreign trade on economic growth in South Africa. The results show that inflation rate, exports and exchange rate are positively related to GDP, while import has a negative influence on GDP. … The South African economy growth rate has apparently slowed down in the second quarter of 2013. IT IS INTERESTING: Frequent question: What country in Africa has the most millionaires? How is South Africa benefiting from free trade? South Africa has gazetted African free-trade deal regulations, including a list of thousands of products that can be imported and exported duty-free in future years. This could bring new competitors from other African countries to the local market, and also create opportunities to expand in other markets. Which country does South Africa trade with the most? Main Partner Countries. Main Customers (% of Exports) 2019 China 10.7% Germany 8.0% United States 7.0% United Kingdom 5.2% Who does South Africa trade with the most? 12 September 2019: South Africa’s biggest trading partners for July 2019 • China (10.9%) • Germany (7.4%) • United Kingdom (6.2%) • United States (6.0%) • Japan (4.9%) Is global trade good or bad? Is global free trade good or bad? Free trade is meant to eliminate unfair barriers to global commerce and raise the economy in developed and developing nations alike. But free trade can – and has – produced many negative effects, in particular deplorable working conditions, job loss, economic damage to some countries, and environmental damage globally. IT IS INTERESTING: Why was 10th May 1994 a red letter day in the history of South Africa? What is a disadvantage of global trade? Shipping Customs and Duties International shipping companies like FedEx, UPS and DHL make it easy to ship packages almost anywhere in the world. However, one of the disadvantages of international trade is that most of these destination countries’ customs agencies charge extra fees on items shipped to them. Can South Africa afford to have free trade? 1 Approved Answer South Africa can’t afford to have free trade (rather fair trade), because it’s killing our own domestic market. This is what Nigeria did after the discovery of oil, the country’s local industry collapsed. Does South Africa have free trade? There is duty-free trade between South Africa and the other four countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and eSwatini) that comprise the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Free Trade Agreement, as of 2012, allows duty-free trade among 12 of the 15 members. How will foreign direct investment benefit the South African economy? The advantages that are discussed include the following: (1) Growth, higher income and reduction of poverty in a country (2) Incentive structures resulting from FDI that lead to productive investment (3) The low volatility of FDI flows than other capital flows (4) Increased tax revenue (5) Technology and management … What trade blocs is South Africa part of? Current Trade Negotiations The AfCFTA builds on the Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) with the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA), East African Community (EAC) and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). IT IS INTERESTING: Your question: How much does gynecologist cost in South Africa? Does South Africa have a free trade agreement with China? China’s trade with South Africa has become more important in recent years, and a SACU-China free trade agreement has been proposed to further strengthen this trade relationship. This paper examines the relevance of this proposed trade policy for further enhancing bilateral trade flows and development in SACU. Does the US have a trade agreement with South Africa? Trade Agreements: The U.S. and South Africa signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) in 2012, which amends the United States-South Africa TIFA originally signed in 1999. Across the Sahara
8 Tips on How to Keep Pests and Wildlife Out of the Garden How to Keep Pests and Wildlife Out of the Garden Have you ever gone outside to work on the garden, only to find that an animal has eaten your plants? Though it is frustrating, this is a very common experience amongst gardeners. Skunks, raccoons, squirrels, insects, and other animals are drawn to the foods we grow in the yard. Protecting your plants from them is a challenge. The following article lists some easy things you can do to stop pests from damaging your garden. Here is The List of 8 Tips on How to Keep Pests and Wildlife Out of the Garden 1. Cover your plants Covering your plants with an ultrafine mesh or netting will physically prevent wildlife from getting into the garden. However, they will continue to let water, air, and sunlight through. A variety of covers are available online as well as in hardware stores and garden centres. The sturdier the mesh, the more your plants will be protected from rodents and larger animals. You can also build a raised garden bed to protect your plants even further. The higher you build the bed, the better. Skunks will have trouble climbing the smooth walls of the garden and burrowing animals can be kept out by surrounding the bed in mesh. You can also cap the bed with a lid of metal mesh. A raised bed will protect the roots of your trees, extend the growing season, and make gardening more comfortable. 2. Build a Fence around the garden Building a fence is as straightforward as it seems. Dedicate a part of the yard to your garden and build a fence around it. A permanent fence can be reinforced with metal mesh along the bottom. Alternatively, you can set up a temporary fence and remove it when the growing season is over. This will help keep raccoons, squirrels, and other non-burrowing animals from reaching your plants. 3. Remove other food sources Animals are attracted to yards where they can find food. While you cannot get rid of your garden, you can get rid of the other sources of food around it. Store all your seeds, fertilizers, and gardening materials in a shed. Get rid of the bird feeder or switch to one that hangs high above the ground and out of reach for squirrels. Watch for seeds falling to the ground. Keep your garbage cans covered at all times and store them in a shed or garage until collection day. Clean the cans every few weeks with vinegar or soap and water to reduce odours. Avoid spilling any food on the ground when you eat outside. Sweep the deck floor on a regular basis and clean the barbecue after each use. Do not leave any pet food outside. 4. Maintain the yard Keeping the yard tidy will reduce the number of hiding spots for insects, mice, and other pests that will come into the garden to feed. Mow the lawn on a regular basis and rake the leaves in the fall. Pull weeds and trim shrubs in the summertime. Cut tree branches so they are a few feet away from the roof and clean out the gutters in the spring and fall. You should also move firewood and debris away from the sides of the home. 5. Block out the deck and shed The undersides of the deck and shed are common hiding place for skunks, raccoons, and other wild animals. Making this inaccessible will reduce the likelihood that an animal makes it itself at home in your yard and raids the garden. Fix any holes you find in them. Then, dig a trench around both the deck and shed, about a foot deep, then screw a thick mesh into the sides of the structures. A quarter inch, 16-gauge, galvanized steel mesh will keep rats and mice out. Once you are done installing the mesh, bury it in the soil. 6. Use a homemade spray In a spray bottle, mix one part apple cider vinegar with 3 parts waters. Spray this around the edges of your garden to keep pests out. Many animals dislike the smell of apple cider vinegar because it reminds them of predator urine. It also helps to get rid of ants. Dilute the mixture further and spray this directly onto your plants to scare away ants and other insects. Check out Do it Yourself Pest Control for other homemade repellents. Alternatively, mix a tablespoon of hot sauce with a gallon of water and a drop of dish soap and spray the solution around the garden. The heat of the spicy mixture will deter pests from eating your plants. You can also sprinkle cayenne pepper or crushed red pepper flakes onto the soil of the garden to keep pests out. 7. Install electronic deterrents There are several motion-activated deterrents available on the market today. Ultrasonic deterrents, for example, emit a high-pitched sound that irritates wildlife and drives them away. There are some that spray water when an animal comes near, and others that flash lights and scare away nocturnal creatures. Check out your local hardware store or look online for a deterrent that works for you. Install one or two of them near the garden to keep pests away from your plants. 8. Hire a pest removal company for help If you suspect that a pest is eating your plants, or that an animal is living on your property, call a professional for help. Pest removal technicians and wildlife removal professionals are skilled and experienced in getting rid of pests. They can get rid of them safely and prevent their reoccurrence by pest-proofing the yard for you. Professionals can, for example, seal out the edges of your deck and shed to stop any animals from burrowing there and getting into the garden. They can also put mesh into the sides of your garden and fence. In conclusion, do all of the above Having a garden that does not attract wildlife is nearly impossible, but doing a combination of the tips above will keep your plants safe. The key is to restrict their access to food, get rid of hiding spots, and make it harder for the animals to reach your plants. If you are unsure of what you’re dealing with, call a professional for help. Leave a Reply
Connect with us Southeast Asia Strengthening Indonesia’s Public Diplomacy Through “Nasi Padang” Image: Gabriel Sai/flickr Indonesia is a country that has a richness in natural resources, besides Mineral Resources, Indonesia is also rich in spices which have high value and the spices have been recognized by many countries. Indonesian food is well known for its special spice preparations. There are several Indonesian foods that are already identical. It is “Nasi Padang” which has a special characteristic with an authentic taste of spices. Nasi Padang is still a favorite food for Indonesia and abroad. Based on a survey in 2017, Indonesian Food, especially Nasi Padang, was nominated as the best food in the world, followed by fried rice in second place (Anugerah, 2019). Nasi Padang is a typical food originating from Minangkabau, West Sumatra. So far, Padang Restaurant itself has spread to many regions in Indonesia and has been recognized by many countries after being nominated as the best food in the world (Lestari, 2020). It feels incomplete to eat Nasi Padang, without Rendang menu. Rendang is a traditional West Sumatran food made with beef with a special sauce containing high amounts of coconut milk. With a tasty taste, Nasi Padang has several menus that are usually served at Padang Restaurant, including Beef usually called “Rendang”, Chicken Balado, grilled fish, and chicken curry. The menus available at Padang Restaurant, it feels incomplete to eat Nasi Padang without trying Indonesian beef dishes called “Rendang”, it makes Rendang still a favorite menu in Nasi Padang. Rendang is a traditional West Sumatran food made with beef with a special sauce containing high amounts of coconut milk. Meanwhile, one of the things that make Nasi Padang have a delicious taste is addition of the curry sauce which contains real coconut milk instead of instant coconut milk. According to the West Sumatera people, the original coconut milk releases a lot of oil so that it adds a distinctive taste. There are another additional complements in Nasi Padang such as Cassava leaves and green chili sauce. Both complement that makes Nasi Padang taste very delicious. Coupled with cassava leaves and green chili sauce then doused with yellow curry sauce which has a distinctive slightly sour taste and skin crackers served on a plate with a special curry sauce, making Nasi Padang a food that is well known in various regions in Indonesia and even abroad. Reporting from Indonesia stated that Indonesian food, namely Nasi Padang, was included in the Expo 2020 Dubai located at Wasl Plaza, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) on November 4, 2021 which was attended by 192 countries. At the Expo, Nasi Padang became the most popular food by visitors with a price of 60 United Arab Emirates Dirham (AED) (Saptoyo, 2021). Therefore, this indicates that Indonesia has succeeded in presenting its country by serving Indonesian food that is rich in spices. While spices are owned by Indonesia, the spices are not owned by other countries. Not only introducing Indonesian food, but with food exhibitions through Dubai Expo 2020, it can be Indonesia’s strategy in maximizing its Public Diplomacy to build the good country’s image abroad. Public Diplomacy is an activity carried out by non-state actors that influence the international community as a strategy to build a good image of a country. Through the promotion Nasi Padang to the International society, it can be Indonesia’s first step in maximizing and promoting its natural wealth in the form of spices because Indonesia is a tropical country with abundant natural products that are of high value in foreign markets so that Indonesia is called as “The Mother of Spice” (Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2021). With the liking of Nasi Padang by the International society, the international society can feel that Indonesia has its own natural wealth and unique spices that can become a national identity of a country. Due to building a characteristic and identity of a country, a country is needed to highlight the superior and differences of the country it has, where these differences can be a special characteristic that other countries do not have. Currently, Nasi Padang which is a typical Indonesian food has spread to various countries including the Netherlands, Australia, and Singapore (Aprilia, 2017). These three countries are countries that are famous for serving Indonesian food, especially Nasi Padang. However, to maximize in maintaining the characteristics of Indonesia, a wider reach is needed in promoting it to other countries. Because in promoting Indonesian food, Indonesia is still lacking in promoting its food to other countries. With the lack of Indonesia in promoting its country’s excellence, especially in terms of food, it can make Indonesia’s identity slower to build the characteristics of the country. In addition to strengthening Indonesian identity through introducing Nasi Padang to the international community, Indonesia must also pay attention to the superiority possessed by the state, these superiorities should be used as potentials that must be developed. Especially Indonesia in the aspect of food. Indonesia is rich in spices which makes Indonesia have a variety of foods with distinctive flavors that other countries do not have. Indonesia is needed to maximize this potential which can be used as a strategy to strengthen the country’s identity and introduce the superiority possessed by a country to foreign countries. By introducing Indonesia’s superiority, especially in the food aspect, it can strengthen Indonesia’s public diplomacy activities in building a better country’s image to the international world. Where the public diplomacy activity can be carried out by anyone, especially the international community which can be an instrument in introducing special foods of Indonesia. In carrying out Public Diplomacy activities through promoting Indonesian food abroad, the role of state actors also needs to be fully contributed in participating in promoting the typical food of a country in the representative institutes abroad. Indonesia needs a wider expansion in introducing Indonesian food to other countries so that Indonesian food can be recognized by many people and the superiority of Indonesia, which is rich in spices, will be felt by many people in the world. Not only Indonesia, but each country can also promote the superiority possessed by each country, and with the existence of Public Diplomacy cooperation, it can be a strategy in increasing cooperation among countries closer and peace will be achieved. Continue Reading Southeast Asia Vietnamese PM Chinh visit to Japan: A new era of cyber, space and defence cooperation pham minh chinh Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh visited Japan from November 22-25 and discussions about trade, investment, defence, cultural and enhancing political ties took place between the two leaders. The former prime minister of Japan Suga had visited Vietnam in October 2020, and it was his first visit to any foreign country. With the coming of Fumo Kishida new prime minister in Japan, Vietnamese Prime Minister thought it prudent to engage the new political leadership. When recently Kurt Campbell stated that India and Vietnam will be crucial in deciding the fate of Asia and the three countries namely India, Vietnam and Japan have been closely cooperating with one another because of two major factors. The three countries are in the periphery of China and have major stakes in the resolution of the South China Sea dispute. Second, these three economies are promising economies in Asia and are seen to be major harbingers of technology, economic growth and sustainable development. The visit of Vietnamese prime minister is primarily seen from the point of view of projecting the need for ‘Free and Open Indo Pacific’ and developing close cooperation between Vietnam and Japan. During the visit of Japanese defence minister to Vietnam last year several agreements have been signed between the two sides which included transfer of technology and defence trade between the two sides. Vietnam is facing a few challenges related to trade and investment, growing cases of Covid 19 pandemic, need for modernisation of its armed forces and realising the potential of the regional organisations such as ASEAN .In terms of developing necessary technical acumen for renewable energy sources and facilitating foreign direct investment from Japan were the major agendas for the visit of the Vietnamese Prime Minister. The Vietnamese Prime Minister visit was his first official visit to Japan. Vietnam is increasingly seen as a middle power which requires support and cooperation from Japanese in areas such as waste management, infrastructure development, developing technology parks, export processing zones and vocational training skills to emerge as one of the engines of economic growth in Southeast Asia. In fact, Japan was the only few countries in Asia with which Vietnam has developed air bubble agreement during COVID-19 to facilitate travel of passengers and businesspeople from the two countries. Given the fact that Vietnam is slowly opening its trade and investment and tourism sector it would be looking for countries in Europe and in Asia to spur development in the country. Japanese tourists are important incoming visitors for Vietnam because of their spending and booking high end resorts and hotels. Following the COP- 26 meeting which was held in London there have been huge expectations from the Asian countries to reduce their carbon footprints and look for other viable sources of energy. The visit of Vietnamese Prime Minister explored diverse issues related to politics, security, cultural interactions and development of human resources in Vietnam. The two defence ministers also signed aagreements related to transfer of technology and exports of Japanese defence equipment and weapons to Vietnam. Japan has already embarked on a policy to support littoral countries of South China Sea through patrol boats and fast attack crafts. One of the critical areas that Vietnam is looking for is the development of technology and scientific rigour within the country. In this context collaboration with Japanese scientific institutions and academic community would help Vietnam to develop skills and human resources to cater to the industrial revolution 4.0. Also, Vietnam is looking for developing expertise in areas such as machine learning, big data mining, artificial intelligence, underwater systems, developing sustainable development and energy resources in those South China Sea islands so that the soldiers can become self-sufficient in energy and clean water resources. Japan has been looking for alternate sources of investment and developing infrastructure in countries such as Vietnam Cambodia and Laos. Vietnam itself is emerging as a viable alternative to China in the wake of recurring cases of COVID-19 pandemic in China. Japanese investors and entrepreneurs are looking for relocating their businesses and investments. There is no denying of the fact that developments in South China Sea are of critical importance both for Vietnam and Japan, and it is expected that the two leaders discussed these issues in detail. The Chinese assertive activities in South China Sea have been deplored by Japan and other allied partners in the past. Vietnam is looking for cooperation with Japan in terms of submarine hunting capabilities and developing acumen for better management of human resources in defence sector. In terms of military cooperation between the two sides there is a lot of potential in terms of maritime surveillance aircraft, fast attack crafts, and coastal radar systems. Also, sonar systems and developing helicopter mounted surveillance systems would and has Vietnamese defence and surveillance capabilities. The two countries signed an agreement on space defence and cyber security. One of the important critical areas that the two countries discussed was related to the implementation of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and promoting intra regional trade so that better complementarities could be developed between the two sides. Another important forum where Japan and Vietnam are members is CPTPP and there is speculation that President Joe Biden might be interested in re-joining the grouping. Taiwan and China have expressed interest in joining it, but Japan is in favour of only Taiwan. In such a context when the two countries are at the crossroads of economic integration and regional economic groupings, it is expected that the two leaders discussed necessary checks and balances so the trade interests of the two countries can be protected while enhancing the integration at the regional level. Vietnam is also seen as a probable candidate for the Quad Plus initiative and Japan has been very insistent on engaging the country in a more proactive way. India, Vietnam and Japan could be one trilateral which will bring in a large market, Strong technology fundamentals, unique cultural identities and common strategic concerns acts as glue between the three countries. The development of Vietnam and Japan ties would reconfigure Asian identity and future. Continue Reading Southeast Asia ASEAN’s prospects in 2022 under Cambodian Chairmanship Exactly a decade later Cambodia faces the big question that whether the memory of the past can be erased, given the fact that during the last ASEAN meeting in Cambodia in 2012 the ASEAN communiqué was not released because of strong differences on the issue of South China Sea among various ASEAN claimant states. In the year 2021 after the ASEAN chairmanship of Brunei, Cambodia assumed the charge as the chairman of ASEAN for next year and there are expectations among the ASEAN member countries regarding the future course of action of the organization as such. During the 2021 ASEAN summit there were number of issues which were raised pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic, return of democracy in Myanmar, participation of dialogue partners in reviving trade and investment in the region, and realizing the blueprint for ASEAN communities. During the year 2021 the ASEAN meeting’s theme was “we care, we prepared, we prosper”, and the stress was on regaining the ASEAN community and working on harmonious region with more focus on people. The meeting reflected the desire of the people for maintaining the regional organization’s momentum within the ASEAN and beyond. During this year’s meetings (38th and 39th) the stress was on economic recovery and addressing the aftereffects of COVID-19 pandemic. There was much stress regarding the regional organization’s resilience, peace, security, and social progress. In fact, most of the member countries tried to work on strengthening the ASEAN’s capacities and working on solutions in the wake of economic slowdown because of the pandemic. Under the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 the stress was on realizing the targets which are been set in the past and this year took note of the achievements in the last decade. The stress was on implementing the provisions of the ASEAN charter and improve the efficiency of the regional organization. Time and again it has been stated that ASEAN centrality is critical for peace and security in the region and therefore dialogue partners should make extra effort to recognize provisions of Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) in the current context. The cohesiveness of the organization which was stimulated under the Vietnam chairmanship in 2020 gained support and it is expected that Vietnam whatever was required to support the agenda for future. The mid-term review of the ASEAN community blueprints, and ASEAN agenda would progress further during Summit in Cambodia in 2022. However, the ASEAN’s Cambodian Summit would be seen with apprehension given the fact that Hun Sen has stated that he would go that extra distance so that the ASEAN summit meetings are held peacefully and there are no domestic protests during that time against ruling party. This year’s ASEAN meeting already took note of the developments in Myanmar and raised apprehensions about the human right violations in the country and the atrocities which have been committed against the pro-democracy protesters.The dialogue partners have also raised concerns regarding developments in Myanmar. In such a context it would be interesting to note how Cambodia manages the domestic upheavals as well as demands from China which in the past has dictated terms to Cambodia on various issues which concern China. One issue which ASEAN is facing is the increasing Chinese assertion in the contested waters of South China Sea. As it has seen in the past the criticism of China was not accepted by the Cambodian Prime minister Hun Sen and therefore the issue of politics and security would shadow ASEAN unity and centrality. One of the important things which have been achieved by Cambodia in the past was the adoption of the Declaration of Code of Conduct of Parties (DOC) in South China Sea in the year 2002. It would be two decades when the negotiations related to South China Sea have taken place and there is no sign of adoption of Code of Conduct in the contested waters. More importantly, the global community will be looking at the ASEAN Summit in Phnom Penh because it will facilitate better trade and investment opportunities for the three countries namely Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. This region is also seen as a potent competitor against China for shifting of select production and manufacturing facilities to this region. However, Cambodia is seen as increasingly getting into China’s strategic orbit because of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the development of the Ream naval base by the Chinese PLA. Even US investment in Cambodia is suffering because of increased influence of China in Cambodia ‘s political apparatus. Cambodia ASEAN Summit 2022 is expected to be in person summit and there is attendance likely to be of all the other member states and the dialogue partners as well. The 2022 ASEAN summit meeting would be seen as a precursor to other developments in the region, particularly in the context of managing pandemics, promoting inter-ASEAN trade and investment, encouraging people to people connectivity, and also undertaking efforts to build digital and financial infrastructure in the region. The region itself is facing various challenges, particularly in the context of adopting measures required for realization of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers among the signatory countries. Therefore, in the year 2022, the summit at Phnom Penh might see the utility of new alliances such as AUKUS and how Cambodia responses to the request of United Kingdom to be the dialogue partner of the organization. Also, as it has been seen in the year 2016 Cambodia hindered any reference to Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) judgment in favour of Philippines while entertaining Chinese request in this regard. The critical security challenges that the organization faces would again get reflected during the Cambodian Summit and it would be interesting to note whether Cambodia will come out of Chinese shadow and release the joint statement which was missing during the last Cambodia Summit. Invariably, it would also pave the way for ASEAN to emerge as a formidable organization or be relegated just as a ‘talk shop’. Continue Reading Southeast Asia Green Volunteering ASEAN: Our common future The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines ‘volunteerism’ as an act in which a person voluntarily undertakes or expresses a willingness to undertake a service. People who volunteer in non-profit organizations, for example, are willing to offer their personal services, oftentimes expecting nothing in return. Taking it a step further, what is ‘green volunteering’? Green volunteering refers to a range of activities which include environmental monitoring, ecological restoration, and educating others about the natural environment. It can come in three forms: practical, fundraising, and administrative. Practical green volunteering involves environmental volunteers who are involved in habitat management, for example, such as vegetation cutting or removal of invasive species. Fundraising green volunteering involves organizations that raise funds for a particular environmental cause. Finally, administrative green volunteering refers to volunteers who offer their skills and expertise in terms of legal support and public relations, to name a few. In other words, there are many types of green volunteering initiatives that you can take on today. In the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN), which consists of 10 member states, there are plenty of green volunteering initiatives that one can participate in. For instance, in Bali, Indonesia you can become a reef conservation supporter wherein you will work with other volunteers and local communities to restore and protect Bali’s coral reef ecosystems. Meanwhile, in Thailand, you can volunteer in an Elephant Sanctuary and help provide refuge to domesticated elephants that have been rescued from a life of working in zoos or other establishments. Finally, you can also do conservation work in the island of Palawan in the Philippines, wherein you will assist in the restoration of a mangrove swamp. As reports have shown, several countries in the ASEAN will be among the most to be most significantly impacted by the climate crisis. Rising sea levels, increasing temperatures, and declining biodiversity are just a few environmental issues that ASEAN countries are facing. On a bright side, we are also seeing many opportunities when it comes to a sustainable energy transition and sustainable finance, to name a few. It is, indeed, a big set of challenges and opportunities we are facing, which is why we need different people and organizations to work together. Green volunteering in the ASEAN is one great way to contribute towards the sustainability agenda. Clearly, there are many opportunities to choose from in green volunteering in the ASEAN. As Helen Dyer highlighted, volunteerism is the voice of people put into action. As the climate crisis intensifies across the world, we need to translate our voices into action. One way to do this is by participating in green volunteering work. International Volunteering Day 2021 The International Volunteering Day (IVD) 2021 is coming this December 5, and what better way to celebrate it by highlighting the initiatives taking place across the globe during the pandemic. In 2020, the United Nations (UN) reported that it had 9,459 volunteers hosted by various UN entities. These partners come from 100 different professions, 158 countries of assignment, and served with 60 UN partners worldwide. The UN also received a total of 68,173 online volunteer applications. Despite the impact of the pandemic, this did not stop the volunteers from offering their services. The theme of IVD 2021 is “Volunteer now for our common future,” which aims to inspire people, whether they are decision makers or citizens, to take action for people and the planet. As IVD 2021 draws near, the ASEAN youth and young professionals are called on to take action and participate in green volunteering across the region. 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What are probiotics good for in relation to your health What are Probiotics good for? Probiotics are the good bacteria that live in our gut. We all know that these little guys are important for your overall health, but don’t really understand how they work or what benefits they can provide us. While you might think of probiotics as something only healthy people take to improve their digestion and immune system, this isn’t true. Research has shown them to be helpful in treating a range of diseases like allergies, asthma, eczema, and even depression. So, what are probiotics good for becomes a question that can be posed to everybody when you realize their benefit goes beyond those with unlying health conditions. As we’ve learned more about the importance of probiotics it’s become clear that everyone should consider taking these supplements regularly. The best way to get enough probiotics is by eating fermented foods like yogurt or sauerkraut every day. However, if you’re not able to eat enough high-quality food each day then adding a supplement will help keep your body running smoothly while boosting your immunity too. What are probiotics and how do they work Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when ingested in the right amounts, can provide a variety of health benefits. They’re often referred to as “good bacteria” because of their involvement in promoting gut health. Beneficial bacteria have been more well-known in recent years as a result of their increasing use in enhancing overall health. Why you should take probiotics To really get why you would take a probiotic pill, it is necessary to first comprehend the bacteria that live in our bodies. Our bodies are home to a large number of microorganisms. Some bacteria are beneficial (good bacteria), while others are not. It is preferable to have more beneficial bacteria than harmful bacteria. Probiotics may help in this situation. Many of the helpful microbes found in probiotic products are the same as or similar to those present in human bodies. Probiotics are becoming more popular as research on the importance of gut health expands. Healthy bacteria in the gut can be replenished through dietary supplementation with friendly microbe strains in the form of a probiotic supplement. Probiotics may also help with immunity, digestion, and nutritional absorption, as well as the production of certain vitamins. Different types of probiotics Probiotic microorganisms come in a variety of forms. They all have advantages, but the majority of them fall into one of two categories. Consult your doctor to see which is the best option for you. Lactobacillus. It’s probable that this is the most popular probiotic on the market. The one found in yogurt and other fermented foods is the same one. Different strains can help with diarrhea and may be good for people who are lactose intolerant. Bifidobacterium. It can be found in a variety of dairy products. It may help with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other illnesses. Saccharomyces boulardii is found in probiotics. It appears to help treat diarrhea and other digestive problems. What do probiotics do Probiotics aid in the passage of food through the gut by altering nerves that govern, among other things, gut motility. Researchers are currently trying to figure out which ones are the most effective for various health problems. The following are some of the most common ailments they deal with: • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a kind of irritable bowel syndrome that affects people of all ages. • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a form of bowel disease in which the intestines become inflamed (IBD) • Diarrhea as a result of an infection (caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites) • Diarrhoea caused by antibiotics They may also help with difficulties in other parts of your body, according to some studies. For example, some people claim to have helped with: • Eczema, for instance, is a skin condition. • Urinary and vaginal health are both important. • Allergies and colds are kept at bay. • Oral hygiene is important. How to select the right probiotic supplement Probiotics are advised for more than simply everyday digestion help. Certain strains may offer benefits that transcend beyond digestive health, according to one study. Probiotic supplements are being researched for a variety of reasons, including dental and vaginal health, immunological health, mood, cholesterol levels, weight management, sports performance, and aesthetics. Your goals will determine which probiotic is best for you. Probiotics are identified by their genus name (for example, Lactobacillus), species name (for example, acidophilus), and strain name (i.e. CUL 60). There are hundreds of probiotic strains in the human body. A bacterial strain is a unique label that distinguishes one strain from another. Strain designations are important since studies support one strain or a combination of strains that do not always support one another. If you’re looking for a probiotic supplement to help with a specific issue, make sure the strain has been thoroughly investigated. Other probiotic solutions, on the other hand, might include a blend of strains that have been studied for overall digestive health and could be prescribed for daily gut care. What probiotic supplements are best? A variety of factors influence a probiotic’s ability to reach the colon and perhaps have a therapeutic effect. The manufacturing and storage stages must be completed before a probiotic supplement can be used. Pasteurization and temperature fluctuations during storage can kill these microorganisms. Probiotics must also be able to survive the low pH of the stomach and make it to the colon, where some may adhere to intestinal cells. A unique freeze-drying procedure is essential to ensure that the healthy bacteria included in your probiotic bottle survive the journey to and through your digestive tract. You can’t determine if a probiotic pill is good merely by looking at the strain; instead, look for probiotic supplements that have been scientifically proven to give daily support and efficacy. It all comes down to striking the correct balance in life. As a result, the only way to be confident of the quality and, more significantly, the capacity of the probiotic to be successful is to look for supplements that have been scientifically designed, quality-tested and field-tested. In conclusion Consult your doctor to see if probiotics are right for you. Probiotic foods and supplements are generally considered safe for most individuals, while they should be avoided by those with immune system disorders or other serious health conditions. For the first few days after you start taking them, moderate side effects may include an upset stomach, diarrhea, gas, and bloating. They may also cause allergic reactions in some people. If you have any issues, stop taking them and consult your doctor. A quick reminder .. Similar Posts
Definition:Vector Field/Examples/Velocity of Fluid From ProofWiki Jump to navigation Jump to search Example of Vector Field In a moving fluid, the velocity $\mathbf v$ of the fluid is an example of a vector field. That is, the velocity $\mathbf v$ at a point $P$ in the fluid is the velocity of the particle which is situated at $P$ at a given instant.
How to Find the Molar Mass of KCl The periodic table shows all the chemical elements. ••• Hemera Technologies/ Images Molar mass, also known as molecular mass, is the weight of one mole of any chemical compound. A common process in chemistry is to obtain the molar mass of chemical compounds to properly mix them together. With the periodic table and a few simple calculations, you can quickly obtain the molar mass of any chemical compound, including KCl, also known as potassium chloride. Once you know how to obtain the molar mass for KCl, you can easily use the same technique to calculate the molar mass of any chemical. Look up the chemical "K (potassium)" and the chemical "Cl (chlorine) in the periodic table (see Resources). Write down the atomic mass of both potassium and chlorine. For Potassium, the atomic mass is 35.453, and the atomic mass for chlorine is 39.0983. Identify the number of atoms in the chemical compound. For example in KCl, there is only one atom in each of the two chemicals. You can identify if there are more than one atom if there is a subscript written below each chemical symbol. If no subscript is written, then there is only one atom. • Always add "g/mol" to the molar mass to indicate the proper units. This indicates the number of grams per mole. Related Articles How to Convert From Molarity to Molality How to Calculate Molarity in a Titration How to Calculate Molarity From Molecular Weight How to Count Particles in Chemical Formulas How to Convert PPM to MCG How to Determine Moles in Chemistry How to Find the Mass Number of Bromine With 46 Neutrons How to Convert MG to MEQ How to Find the Limiting Reactant in Stoichiometry How to Calculate the Moles of a Compound How to Calculate Moles of Products Produced How to Calculate Solubilities How to Use Avogadro's Number to Find Mass How Do I Calculate Molarity? How to Solve a Neutralization Equation How to Calculate the Percentage Recovery of a Product What is the Formula For Sulfurous Acid? How to Convert Micromolar to PPM How to Convert Atoms to Grams With a Calculator How to Find the Percent of Concentration of Copper... Dont Go! We Have More Great Sciencing Articles!
Hiding/showing objects Any object on a page can be hidden, including notes, rests, symbols, clefs, barlines, even entire staves. This can be useful in the following situations: Printing scales If you want to create scale examples, enter the notes and hide time signatures, barlines and other unwanted objects. Graphic notation By hiding barlines, you can produce graphic notation. Hiding notes meant for playback only If you have recorded your music, you may have added glissandos, falls, etc. that sound fine but result in a lot of unnecessary notes. You probably want to hide those notes and insert the suitable symbols instead.
Advantages of Cold Stamping Printing Technology Hot stamping means that after a certain temperature and pressure change the color foil, the pattern and text of the plate are instantly attached to the surface of the substrate, so that the printed surface has multiple colors of metal texture patterns at the same time, and different hot stamping effects can be combined. In addition to its surface decoration function, bronzing also plays an important role in anti-counterfeiting. wjpc playing card Cold stamping is a name relative to the traditional hot stamping technology. Both hot stamping processes can achieve the printing effect achieved by the stamping process. Cold stamping does not require heating during the process, so it is named cold stamping. Hot stamping is an important metal effect surface finishing method, which can enhance the visual effects of products such as trademarks, cartons, labels, cards, etc. Traditional hot stamping and cold stamping are both to make the product packaging bright and dazzling, and help grab customers’ attention , Attract consumers’ attention. Principles of cold stamping Cold stamping is to use a flexographic plate to partially or fully print the UV glue on the paper tape, and composite it with the transfer film, and then irradiate it with a UV lamp. The glue is instantly solidified, and then peeled off, the laser layer on the transfer film will follow the printing plate. The pattern is transferred to the paper tape to form a gorgeous packaging effect. Compared with traditional hot stamping technology, cold foil printing has obvious advantages, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) Low cost of plate making. Cold stamping does not need to produce expensive metal stamping plates like hot stamping, and it also avoids environmental pollution caused by the process of stamping plates. (2) The hot stamping precision is high. The resolution of cold hot stamping is relatively high (basically it can reach the printing resolution), whether it is hot stamping small dots and lines, or achieving a hollow effect, its expressive power is very good. (3) The area of cold stamping pictures and texts is larger. Hot stamping is generally only used for hot stamping of small-area images and texts such as trademarks and LOGOs, while cold foil has a larger width, even comparable to the width of a printing machine, so it is more suitable for hot stamping of large-area images. (4) A wider range of applicable substrates. Cold stamping can realize the transfer of cold stamping foil by the action of adhesive and pressure at room temperature. There is no need to adjust and control the stamping temperature specially like hot stamping. It is not only suitable for stamping common substrates such as paper and cardboard, but also for hot stamping. Deformable thin film materials can also be applied. (5) It is easier to achieve hot stamping and then printing. In the process of first hot stamping, cold stamping has low difficulty, high efficiency and low scrap rate. (6) In-line production can be realized, with faster speed and higher efficiency.
Displaying 1 - 9 of 9 Titlesort descending Author Citation Alternate Citation Summary Type An Analysis of Favre’s Theory on the Legal Status of Animals: Towards a Reconsideration of the “Person-Property Dichotomy” Akimune Yoshida AA1161370X In modern legal systems, only persons (including natural persons and legal persons) can have legal rights; property cannot. This perspective is known as the “Person-Property Dichotomy". Although animals are categorized as personal property, their legal treatment has changed from that of other forms of property, and in many jurisdictions, anti-cruelty laws have been enacted to punish owners of animals who abuse animals in their care. This unique legal status of animals leads us towards a reconsideration of the “Person-Property Dichotomy”. The Japanese Government is currently in the process of amending the Act on Welfare and Management of Animals. In Japan, there has been a dearth of academic debate to date about the legal status of animals, and it is helpful to see how other jurisdictions have discussed this topic. This paper focuses on David S. Favre’s theory as it has not been studied as deeply in Japan as its importance and societal needs merit. In order to keep animals within the concept of property and recognize their legal rights, Favre proposed an innovative concept, “living property”. His theory is based on the principle of trusts, which divide title into equitable and legal title, and acknowledges equitable self-ownership by animals. Whereas domestic animals possess equitable title and some legal rights, owners have only legal title. Such animals with equitable title thus become living property. When owners infringe domestic animals’ legal rights, such animals can sue their owners with the help of other humans as guardians. This paper introduces Favre’s theory on the legal status of animals from his own highly original perspective and analyzes it critically with a view to clarifying its implications for Japanese law. Article Brief Summary of Whaling Tom Krepitch Animal Legal & Historical Center Early in the twentieth century, the technology used in whaling advanced so significantly that the global whale population became threatened. Efforts to decrease the number of whales killed grew after World War II and resulted in a major victory in the 1980s when commercial whaling was banned. However, this ban is still a major source of controversy as Japan continues to kill hundreds of whales each year in the Antarctic under what it calls a scientific whaling exception, but Australia labels as mere cover for a commercial whaling program. Article Inst. of Cetacean Research v. Sea Shepherd Conservation Soc'y 2014 WL 3579639 (W.D. Wash. July 21, 2014) After the International Court of Justice ruled against Japan in the Whaling in the Antarctic case, Sea Shepherd moved to dismiss the Ninth Circuit’s earlier ruling regarding Sea Shepherd’s own actions in the Antarctic. Sea Shepherd claimed that because the Institute had announced that it would not engage in whaling in the 2014-15 season, its claim was moot. This argument, though, ignored the fact the Institute also stated that it plans to resume whaling in the future, leading the Court to dismiss the motion. Case Inst. of Cetacean Research v. Sea Shepherd Conservation Soc. 725 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2013) 2013 A.M.C. 169513, Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 52422013, Daily Journal D.A.R. 6656 After the Institute was denied an injunction in the trial court, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals issued an injunction preventing Sea Shepherd from attacking any of the Institute’s vessels in any way and from coming within 500 yards of any Institute vessel operating in the open sea. Case Inst. of Cetacean Research v. Sea Shepherd Conservation Soc. 860 F. Supp. 2d 1216 (W.D. Wash. 2012) rev'd, 708 F.3d 1099 (9th Cir. 2013) and rev'd, 725 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2013) The Institute of Cetacean Research, a Japanese whaling group, sued the direct action environmental protection organization Sea Shepherd, claiming that Sea Shepherd’s actions taken against the whaling group’s vessels in the Antarctic are violent and dangerous. The Institute claimed that Sea Shepherd had rammed whaling ships, thrown dangerous objects on to the ships, attempted to prevent them from moving forward, and navigated its vessels in such a way as to endanger the Japanese ships and their crews. The Institute’s request for an injunction was denied when the Court held that the Institute did not establish the necessary factors. The Court did state, however, that though Sea Shepherd’s acts did not constitute piracy, it did not approve of the organization’s methods or mission. Case Article 1 states that, "The purpose of this Law is to prescribe matters relating to the prevention of cruelty to animals, the appropriate treatment of animals and other matters relating to the protection of animals, and to engender a feeling of love for animals among the people, thereby contributing to the development of respect for life and sentiments of amity and peace; and to prescribe matters relating to the control of animals, thereby preventing harm being done by animals to human life, body and property." Overview of Whaling Tom Krepitch Animal Legal & Historical Center In 2010, Australia sued Japan at the International Court of Justice in an effort to force Japan to end its whaling program in the Antarctic. Though commercial whaling was banned in the 1980s, Japan claimed that its program was for scientific purposes and therefore legal. The ICJ sided with Australia, but its ruling left open the possibility that Japan could resume whaling in the future. Article Whaling in the Antarctic Tom Krepitch Brief Summary of Whaling in the Antarctic Tom Krepitch (2014) Topical Introduction Whaling in the Antarctic Whaling in the Antarctic (Austl. v. Japan), 2010 Judgment. In June 2010, Australia commenced proceedings against Japan at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), alleging that Japan has continued an extensive whaling program in breach of its obligations as a signatory to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW). At issue was the moratorium on commercial whaling agreed upon in the 1980s. According to Australia, though Japan claimed to be killing whales purely for scientific reasons, the true purpose of the program was commercial. Japan did not deny that it was killing whales in the Antarctic, but claimed instead that because the ICRW grants each nation state the right to issue licenses for scientific whaling as it sees fit, Japan’s whaling program was legal. The ICJ ruled that Japan's Antarctic whaling program was not actually for scientific whaling and must end. Case
1 propanol lewis structure · PDF 檔案 Draw the Lewis structure. (There may be ISOMERS – more than one way to draw a structure of a compound.) 1. Propanol is a 3 carbon alcohol Propane = 3 carbon alkane, -ol for alcohol functional group. 2. Hexanone 3. Butadiene 4. Pentanal Skeletal structure The Lewis structure that is closest to your structure is determined. The hybridization of the atoms in this idealized Lewis structure is given in the table below. Hybridization in the Best Lewis Structure 1. A bonding orbital for O1-C2 with 1.9947 electrons Certain halohydrin is used as a solvent and as a cleaning agent. 3-Bromo-1-Propanol, trimethylene bromohydrin, is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of target molecules. Members of halohydrin compound Product Lewis structures, or electron dot structures, depict the bonds between atoms of a molecule and any unbonded electron pairs. Here is how to draw them. Lewis structures, also known as electron dot structures, are named after Gilbert N. Lewis, who described them 10/3/2020 · Here, the impetus to explore biomass derived chemicals arises from a desire to enable renewable and sustainable commodity chemicals. To this end, we report catalytic production of propene, a building-block molecule, from 1-propanol. We found that · PDF 檔案 1 CHEM 3710 Experiment #1 – Lab Report Instructions Lewis Structures and Molecular Models Remember that your notebook entries are very important and that you will be able to use its content during the final exam. Thus, keep a thorough record of your notes · PDF 檔案 1 CHEM 3760 Orgo I, S12, Exp 1 (Lab #2) (Molecular Models) PRELAB = IN-LAB WORKSHEET this week. 25 pts _____ Last Name, First Name (PRINT) Your may work with a lab partner for this in-class portion. Every student hands in a separate worksheet However, 1-propanol can also undergo hydrogen bonding. This distinguishing feature results in the higher boiling point of 1-propanol. 1982 D (a) Draw the Lewis electron-dot structures for CO32-, CO2, and CO, including resonance structures where appropriate. (b License PNGFuel is an open platform for users to share cutout PNGs, all PNGs in PNGFuel are for Non-Commercial use, no attribution required.If you are the author and find this PNG is shared without your permisson, DMCA report please Contact Us. Both have H-bonding, but 1-propanol has better London Dispersion forces. See Below. Both molecules have H-bonding, so we don’t really have to worry about that. I think of london dispersion forces as like making total contact. Assuming masses are the same, the In the Lewis Structure Drawing Tool, right-click the canvas and choose get answer string. In the Item Editor, paste (Ctrl + V) the information into the Correct Answer(s) box. In the Lewis Structure Drawing Tool, change the molecule as needed for an incorrect . El compuesto químico propan-1-ol es un alcohol incoloro, muy miscible con el agua. Es comúnmente llamado propanol, n-propanol o alcohol propílico. Drawing the Lewis Structure for Acetone (C 3 H 6 O) Viewing Notes: The Acetone Lewis structure is an example of an organic functional group called a Ketone. The Ketone functional group is made up on three Carbon atoms with an Oxygen atom double bonded to · PDF 檔案 242 CHAPTER 8 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols STRATEGY First look for the longest chain of carbons that contains the JOH group.This will allow you to determine the root name. Then identify the atoms or groups of atoms that are not part of that chain of carbons. Electronegativity, Lewis Structures, and Molecular Orbital Theory – CHM 1321 Module 1 Key reference h5p\/ashchem.nelson.com index.html ElectronegaBvity Electronegativity, Lewis Structures, and Molecular Orbital Theory Isopropyl alcohol, also called 2-propanol, one of the most common members of the alcohol family of organic compounds.Isopropyl alcohol was the first commercial synthetic alcohol; chemists at the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (later Exxon Mobil) first produced it in 1920 while studying petroleum by-products. by-products. · PDF 檔案 Flammable liquids Category 2 H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2A H319 Causes serious eye irritation Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) Category 3 H335 May cause respiratory irritation Full text 1.0 2010-04-08 22:07:16 UTC 2020-02-24 19:10:47 UTC FDB006719 2-Methylpropan-2-ol tert-Butanol, or 2-methyl-2-propanol (colourless liquid or white solid, depending on the ambient temperature), is the simplest tertiary alcohol. It is one of the four isomers of · PDF 檔案 (i) Propane and propanone (ii) Propanone and 1-propanol (c) Draw the complete structural formula for an isomer of the molecule you drew in part (a) (i). (d) Given the structural formula for propyne below, (i) indicate the hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by Reduction of carbon dioxide in aqueous electrolytes at single-crystal MoS2 or thin-film MoS2 electrodes yields 1-propanol as the major CO2 reduction product, along with hydrogen from water reduction as the predominant reduction process. Lower levels of formate Cookies allow for a variety of features that make your visit to Restek more enjoyable. By using this website, you agree to the use of cookies in accordance with The 3D structure shown above is the R stereoisomer. 2-Methyl-1-propanol (Isobutyl alcohol) 3D Download 3D 2-Methyl-1-propanol, or isobutanol, or isobutyl alcohol, is a three-carbon chain, with the OH group on and end carbon and a methyl group · PDF 檔案 (kJ mol–1) Propane 3CH2CH3 19.0 CH Propanone 3 COCH 3 32.0 CH 1-propanol 3CH2CH2OH 47.3 CH 8. Using the information in the table above, answer the following questions about organic compounds. (a) For propanone, (i) draw the complete structural Products from Oil The Reaction of Ethanoic Acid with Alcohols to make Esters. Ethanoic acid will react with alcohols in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, to form esters. Concentrated sulfuric acid is a catalyst for this reaction. methanol + ethanoic acid methyl ethanoate + water. Chemsrc provides 2-Isopropoxy-1-propanol(CAS#:3944-37-4) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Articles of 2-Isopropoxy-1-propanol are included as well. Vapour–liquid equilibrium data for temperature T, pressure P, liquid-phase mole fraction x, and gas-phase mole fraction y, for the 2-methyl-1-propanol (1) + butyric acid (2) system at 333.15, 353.15, and 373.15 K taking chemical theory into account for the truezγΦ The dominant intermolecular force in ethanol, 1-propanol, and water is hydrogen bonding because these compounds contain an oxygen to hydrogen bond wherein the oxygen has two lone pairs, so they must have hydrogen bonding which is the strongest of all intermolecular forces and therefore the most dominant intermolecular force in the compound. 1/4/2018 · Homework Statement Why is the boiling point of 2-propanol lower than 1-propanol? The Attempt at a Solution Is this right? Because 2-propanol has its hydroxyl group in the middle of the atom, the electrons are all moving to the centre of the atom as opposed to 1 Lewis Dot of Methanol (methyl Alcohol) CH 3 OH Back 70 More Lewis Dot Structures Since all the atoms are in either period 1 or 2, this molecule will adhere to the octet rule. The exception, of course, being the hydrogen’s. They follow the duet rule (2 electrons). [Boron Trifluoride – Propanol Reagent] [762-48-1] \| Buy and find out price and availability, MSDS, properties of TCI’s high quality specialty chemicals. * INR price is exclusive of domestic taxes applicable. * USD price is only applicable to SEZ and/or EOU licence I need to find out which structure is more correct: Reaction of the compound C3H8O with CrO3 (oxidizing agent) yields acetone. Which of the three structures is more correct? (My three structures are as follows: 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and methylethyl evaporation rate (BuOAc=1) NA specific gravity, 25ºC/25ºC 0.78 30 viscosity, cP @ 25ºC 3.3 30 flash point, ºC (closed cup) 14 30 water soly, g/100g H2O at 25ºC 100 14 Henry’s Law Constant, atm-m3/mole 9.05E-06 14 kOH, cm3/molecule-second · PDF 檔案 Properties of Common Solvents Name Structure bp, oC Dipole moment Dielectric constant Hexane CH 3(CH 2) 4 CH3 69 —- 2.02 Carbon tetrachloride CCl 4 76 0 2.24 Benzene 80 0 2.28 Diethyl ether CH 3CH 2OCH 2CH 3 35 1.15 4.34 Ethyl acetate I think its similar to the lewis structure for pcl5. Acetone propanone 67 64 1 631 57 2. Acetone Lewis Structure How To Draw The Lewis Structure For Acetone The acetone lewis structure is an example of an organic functional group called a ketone. Porphyrinic zirconium-based MOF with exposed pyrrole Lewis base site as an efficient fluorescence sensing for Hg 2+ ions, DMF small molecule, and adsorption of Hg 2+ ions from water solution The microporous zirconium-based MOF, as known [PCN-221], was Densities and viscosities of aqueous solutions of 1-propanol and 2-propanol at temperatures from 293.15 K to 333.15 K Article in Journal of Molecular Liquids 136(1-2):71-78 · November 2007 with Lewis Structure PNG clipart images free download, all cliparts are in PNG format with transparent background We use cookies to analyze our traffic and improve our provided services. By continuing to use this website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies as Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes, and is commonly consumed as a popular recreational drug.It also has medical applications as an antiseptic and disinfectant.The compound is widely used as a chemical solvent, either for scientific chemical testing or in synthesis of other organic compounds, and is a vital substance used across Write the chemical formula, condensed formula, and Lewis structure for each of the following hydrocarbons: (a) heptane (b) 3-methylhexane (c) trans-3-heptene (d) 4-methyl-1-hexene Isooctane is the common name of the isomer of C 8 H 18 used as the standard of 100 for the gasoline octane rating: Vapor-phase synthesis of 3-pentanone from 1-propanol over CeO2–Fe2O3 catalysts was investigated, and the reaction pathway was discussed in comparison with the reactions of propanal and n-propyl 6.1 Molecular Shapes Introduction A molecule is a three-dimensional structure, and many of its properties, both chemical and physical, are dictated by that structure. The Lewis structure of a molecule is a two-dimensional representation that can be used to [Boron Trifluoride – Propanol Reagent] [762-48-1] \| Buy and find out price and availability, MSDS, properties of TCI’s high quality specialty chemicals. * Items available from stock in Japan will be delivered in 1-2 weeks. * Please contact us if you need further Lewis Structure For Po4 3 Información completa sobre aloh3 estructura de lewis. Varias Estructuras blog Administrador 2020 también recopila imágenes relacionadas con aloh3 estructura de lewis se detalla a continuación. Products from Oil What are the Isomers of Propanol? There are different isomers of the alcohols propanol, butanol and pentanol. The two isomers of propanol are shown below. Propanol (C 3 H 7 OH) is commonly represented by the molecule propan-1-ol, Find the chemistry definition of a wedge and dash projection, with an example structure showing wedge-and-dash notation. Although there is no hard-and-fast rule for drawing a wedge and dash structure, most people find it easiest to visualize the three-dimensional c2h7n lewis structure, lewis dot diagram for C2H5Cl? \| Yahoo Answers Nov 30, 2009· Answers. Best Answer: I will help you, but I will not give you the answer. 1) Count the valence electrons (look at group number) 2) Make sure Cl satisifes the octet rule and has 8 16/3/2008 · 1.Carbon tetra flouride 2.polar with tetrahedral geometry 3.Polar covalent, since there is electro negativity difference between carbon and Flourine 4. CO2 AND H2O 5. Nucleic acids and proteins. lipids dont contain amine group. they are esters of long chain fatti acids A compound contains 25.19% S and 74.81% F. Its density is 10.05 g/L at 35 degrees C and 1.00 atm. Draw the Lewis structure for this compound. Determine its shape, polarity, hybridization and any nonzero formal charges. asked by Ceamus Angelina Leave a Reply
edp stories Make way! Electricity is on its way! How did it get here? You probably just had to turn on your phone and touch the screen. Nowadays we don't even think about it - but do you know how energy reaches you, making it possible for you to read this article? Although it is always available when we need it, electricity travels a long distance. Did you know that the starting point can be more than 1,000 kilometers away? This is what happens, for instance, in the big city of São Paulo. Part of the energy is produced at Itaipu hydroelectric plant, on the Paraná River, between Brazil and Paraguay, and then travels a long 'road' before reaching the Brazilian metropolis. Now imagine the thousands of kilometers needed to transport energy across Brazil, which has more than 209 million inhabitants. This is a continent-sized country, and the major production centers are located in the north and northeast of the country. The electricity generated by these plants must be transported until it reaches the distribution network. EDP Brasil saw a business opportunity here: besides the profits it generates, it is also attractive to shareholders and indispensable for the people. But one thing at a time: before we focus on transmission, we must first understand how energy flows from the production stage to final consumption. The electricity roadtrip If you have ever made a long journey by car, you know that everything must be properly planned from the point of departure to the point of arrival. You can always improvise along the way, of course, but in the energy roadtrip there should be no obstacles or unforeseen events. In the past, power plants only had the capacity to serve small areas. But as private and industrial consumption increased, power plants also grew. It was therefore necessary to look for more spacious sites to build new production centers, which usually had to be built in areas rich in natural resources (namely next to rivers, so as to allow hydroelectric production) and away from consumption sites. This meant finding new ways to transport energy at high voltage, over long distances and with minimal losses, to the distribution network. Energy transmission is the name given to the transport of energy between the production and distribution stages. Before reaching the end consumer, energy flows through substations that change its voltage. We can thus say that the roadtrip comprises four stages: • Production • Transmission • Distribution • Consumption Brazil is a continent-sized country and that is why transmission is as important as generation - especially because while our latest hydroelectric plants are located in the Amazon region, the major charging centers are in the southeast and south of the country. In other words, we have to transport large volumes of generated energy. Luiz Otavio Henriques, Vice President for Generation and Transmission at EDP Brasil Luiz Otávio Henrique A marathon spanning thousands of kilometers Covering an area of about 8.515.767 square kilometers, Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world. That figure may seem long and unintelligible, but it amounts to approximately 1.6% of the entire surface of the planet. Impressive, isn't it? Brazil now has a 141.388-kilometer electricity 'highway' spread across the country. The National System Operator (ONS) estimates that this 'highway' will be 185.500-kilometer-long by 2023. This is almost half the distance between the Earth and the Moon! Until it becomes necessary to transport energy from our only satellite, we must make do by land. And how does that happen? There may be some intermediate substations after a few hundred kilometers to compensate for any possible losses and ensure energy transmission stability. “EDP Brasil also builds these controlling substations. These are intermediaries in the basic grid, and then they deliver to the distributors," says Luiz Otavio Henriques. By way of example, the Group has 500 km of transmission lines in Serra do Rastro (State of Santa Catarina); therefore there is an intermediate substation there. This is how the transmission system works, but for a company to be able to build such a long energy 'highway', it will have to participate in a tender procedure with several competitors - this happens in auctions that are held by the Brazilian government. Going once, going twice, sold! Can you imagine someone talking really fast, announcing the prices of objects being auctioned, creating an entrancing rhythm that seems to take your breath away just by watching it? And in the end, they slam the wooden hammer against the table and shout, "Sold!"... Well, energy auctions in Brazil are not so hectic, but it is interesting to know how they work. Brazil's energy transmission model is not like the Portuguese one. This European country has only one organization supervising electricity transmission - REN. In Brazil the system is organized into lots, which are then auctioned off to several companies. ANEEL (National Electric Energy Agency) holds these auctions to award energy transmission concessions to companies which will then be in charge of the entire construction project. The most competitive company - that is, the one offering the lowest construction cost - wins the lot. There is no hammer knocking against the table, but there is something exciting about these auctions: bids are submitted in a closed envelope. If there is a difference of less than 5% in the bids of two companies, negotiations become public so that investors lower their prices even further, leading to even greater competition. Can you imagine the adrenaline running through each negotiator during these auctions? One of the advantages of these auctions is that it allows for free market competition between established companies and new players. This has contributed to reducing government spending and executing these projects within shorter timescales. In December 2018 EDP Brasil began operating its first transmission project, in the state of Espírito Santo, 20 months before the regulatory deadline. "No matter how long the journey is, the most important thing is to take the first step" The quote is from Brazilian songwriter Vinicius de Moraes, and it really hits the nail in the head. EDP Brasil has been operating in the country's generation, distribution and trading markets for more than 20 years. The last step was energy transmission, but this was a huge move. This business opportunity offers the Group and its shareholders an interesting return on investment. In 2016 EDP Brasil went shopping and invested in the acquisition of several energy transmission lots in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Espírito Santo, Maranhão and Rio Grande do Sul, amounting to about 1,400 km of transmission grids in Brazil's electrical system. These investments in the transmission area, which add up to R$3.5 billion (about €756 million), follow a management model - called the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) - which had already been adopted in energy generation projects. It was this model that allowed the company to prepone the delivery of Cachoeira Caldeirão, Santo Antônio do Jari, and São Manoel hydroelectric plants by several months. But to implement these projects, we must understand the specificities of each state. Hand in hand with communities and the environment Because Brazil is such a diverse country, there are risks and specificities in each state that have an impact on the economy, local communities, and the environment. For EDP Brasil, the strategy is to understand local communities and try to adapt to them. We must always work with local communities, explain all work processes, and clarify any doubts that may arise. The PMBOK model comprises a range of practices adapted to the reality of EDP and of each project - and always with the joint coordination of several departments (legal, environmental, engineering, etc.). "The secret of building lies in the model, and this particular model benefits the whole structure, the whole technique and solution. Building is easy, the difficulty lies in being able to face obstacles." According to Luiz Otavio Henriques, teamwork is the key to avoiding delays in construction deadlines. When we look at a continent-sized country like Brazil, with huge cultural differences between cities, between states, the main problems revolve around the environment and local communities. We must understand where and how we are going to act while maintaining a very close relationship with local communities. That is the secret." Luiz Otávio Henrique Each lot has its specificities and challenges. In the state of Maranhão, for instance, communities face greater financial difficulties. EDP Brasil's investment of R$182 million in a project spanning over 200 kilometers in Maranhão has created 1,100 direct jobs during the construction stage. In the state of Santa Catarina the challenge is more environmental. When a transmission line is built in this state, hundreds of kilometers go through the mountains. Luiz Henriques exemplifies this with the case of Serra do Rastro. This mountain range is a natural barrier that makes it impossible to reach Santa Catarina, and it is one of the few places where it snows in Brazil. In order to install transmission line towers, EDP has to use helicopters - an innovative method for this kind of work within the Group. Nothing can go wrong when building these long energy 'highways', and one must always find a way to mitigate environmental impacts. That is why EDP Brasil invests in an inclusive cooperation model and wants to continue investing in this formula. Paths parallel to the energy 'highway' After a journey of many kilometers, EDP Brasil knows there is still a long way to go. Until 2022 EDP Brasil will invest R$3,5 billion (approximately €730 million) in the transmission segment for the construction of 1,400 kilometers of lines and six substations in the states of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Maranhão. According to EDP Brasil President Miguel Setas, the company is focusing on smaller lots that attract fewer competitors, as there is 'aggressive' competition in the Brazilian market and the company does not want to embark on projects with little profitability. With its eyes on the road ahead and adopting a safe driving attitude, EDP Brasil has also created the first Smart Electric Grids laboratory in Latin America. This space conducts several studies in the Smart Grids and Power Supply Quality area. The objective is to bring Brazil's electrical system closer to what is considered to be the future of energy distribution around the world. This is an ambitious journey, but the attractions are marked on the energy sector map.
Microgravity Planter Concept, and Its' Failures. Introduction: Microgravity Planter Concept, and Its' Failures. I have been trying out a concept for a microgravity planter setup, only to have it fail. However the old Mythbusters Motto was "Failure Is Always An Option", and I failed four times. So here are pics of what I did and HOW I did it, so that whoever else is trying to make a planter to grow food plants in microgravity- Zero G- will know what NOT to do. Step 1: Materials. After looking up a description of EXACTLY what microgravity was, and how it affects objects, I used logic to determine what would happen to a soil-filled container in microgravity. First of all, water forms drifting spherical droplets in microgravity- Which if it escapes the container could hit and short out equipment. Second, soil itself can dry out and become dust under many conditions- Again becoming a hazard to equipment. So, I decided to try out Gel balls as a planting medium. This was only a Proof-Of-Concept so I used commercially made gel balls and whatever small containers I could get my hands on. My reasoning was this: Gel balls absorb and hold water so there would be no floating globules of water or dust drifting about to damage equipment. The moisture would be kept inside the container next to the seeds. And since they start out as tiny, a packet of the gel balls the size of a matchbox could fill up several decent-sized containers. Step 2: Gel Balls and Containers. My first container was just to see how large the balls grew in size and was made from a capsule from a vending machine hot glued to a plastic cup left over from a bottle of cough medicine. Then I cut open the bottom of the capsule. I later used, as you can see here, a small potato salad box and a covered bowl from a fast food place. To make a liquid nutrient for the plants, I bought a dollar package of plant food spikes, then cut them up and dropped them into a container of water, where I ground them until they were pulp then set the water container aside for five days to steep After my special water was ready, I opened up my package of gel balls and dropped into my capsule an amount that would cover the nail on my pinkie finger. Then I added in the water and set it aside. A day later all of the gel balls had expanded to the point where it was overflowing from the capsule. I removed the excess gel balls then slipped three uncooked beans from the kitchen into it: Beans grow very easily so I figured they would do as a test. And, they didn't grow. They got moldy and rotted. I dumped everything out, the refilled it, again tucked three beans into the moist gel balls, added a little more water, then set it aside to see what would happen... Yes... They molded and rotted a second time. Step 3: Failures We had bought some dinner from a fast food place, and some of the food was packed in these black bowls with clear lids so I washed them out and used two bowls for the next test. One of the bowls I half filled with the gel balls, and as a control the other bowl didn't have any. I bought some new seeds from the store, then cut a paper towel into four pieces, folded two of them in half then placed the seeds inside each of the bowls so that one had paper towel/seeds and gel balls, and the other had only paper towel/seeds. I put the lids on them, with a tiny hole cut in the top for air exchange, then set them on a dresser side by side. I made sure to water them every two days with equal amounts of water. The results? the seeds in the paper towel only slowly began to sprout, but the ones with the gel balls didn't. Instead a kind of fungus or mold began to grow in the paper itself-Which is the third picture. I dumped everything out and replaced the gel balls, paper towel, and seeds. And it happened a second time. And a third... in which I used another bowl. Step 4: More Failures. My next try was with a potato salad box with a lid. I thought maybe the paper towel itself was the source of the mildew/mold and changed the layout. I half filled the box with gel balls then put a piece of plastic canvas on top of it, then placed three beans on top of that. As a control I dropped three beans in the paper towel only bowl. I kept these two containers both evenly watered and the beans in the bowl/paper towel/water began to sprout. But the other one grew moldy. Again I dumped everything out, used a second box/gel balls/plastic canvas square/beans... And again it grew moldy. As can be seen here. These were all failures: The seeds never grew. Even the beans that sprouted were counted as failures: This was for a zero-G microgravity situation and growing plants in a tiny puddle of water simply would not work on a space station or ship: Due to the chances of the liquid water drifting out its' box and shorting something out. So that is it for this experiment. After I post this I'm going to throw everything away. I have already shown how it can't be done, so now it is up to someone else to look at my failures and succeed where I failed. I've already shown a way it can't be done, so to whoever is out there... doing a similar experiment, try another way. Mine didn't work. Growing Beyond Earth Maker Contest Participated in the Growing Beyond Earth Maker Contest Be the First to Share • Laser Challenge Laser Challenge • Hide It Challenge Hide It Challenge • Paint Challenge Paint Challenge 1 year ago Very smart solution for water! I think the problem is in the gel balls, they retain too much water. Try using agar instead. There's a lot of information about the use of agar in orchids on the internet, sure that this will work for you. PS: I've seen how many instructables you have and it's awesome, you have my respects Reply 1 year ago Thanks! I'll try that. 2 years ago I think that there was too much moisture in the air and not enough on the beans. Try with some cloth or a thin layer of rock wool maybe? You need to keep the water touching the beans. Well, I don't grow beans, but I do grow other plants like wheat or tomatoes, and to germinate it, you need water to be in contact with it, not in the air, like the grid separated experiment. Thank you for sharing your tries! I hope you will test other things and learn a lot too! Reply 2 years ago I had thought of thin cloth but opted for the damp paper towels instead. And the problem was what I had stated earlier: That since this was to be in zero G, the water would be in a gravityless environment, which meant that water droplets would form inside the container and float around in the air inside it. I thought the gel balls against the seeds would keep them moist enough to germinate and sprout, but it didn't work out that way. Growing plants on Earth is time-tested and well understood: It is growing in microgravity that is NOT well understood. That is what my Proof-Of-Concept was from the start. One possible way but this particular way failed. I do have another way in mind but again I have to allow for microgravity(Zero G) effects on it. Plus the stated parameters set out for this... It is THOSE that are difficult to overcome, and there will be more failures until the right way to do it is discovered.
The Reed Sea split - for what? Why did Hashem need to split the sea so dramatically after the Ten Plagues? Wasn't there another way? Torah MiTzion , Rabbi Meir Katz Rabbi Meir Katz Torah Mizion Dedicated in memory of Yaakov Aharonov z"l Every year, when we get to read again about Kriat Yam Suf, the splitting of the Reed Sea, I find myself asking the same question – for what did Hashem need to do such a big miracle after performing the miracles of the ten "Makot" (plagues)? What additional part did it add to our faith in Hashem? Even the simple explanation that it was done in order to save Israel because the Egyptians were behind them and the sea was in front of them, is very hard to accept: Hashem caused Pharaoh to chase after Bnei Yisrael in the first place, as written explicitely in the Torah (Shemot 14, 17), thus the entire situation wa obviously orchastrated for a reason. Chaza'l[1] have already taught us that as a general rule, Hashem doesn't break the rules of creation, of "Bereshit". So why did Hashem choose such a brazen change in the laws of nature to punish the Egyptians? Some commentators[2] say that Bnei Yisrael came out at the same side of the sea that they came in from. This fact only increases the question - what need was there in the crossing of the sea in the first place? In this short paragraph we will try to suggest a possible answer, and may we take an important insight from it. The Affection of Hashem Through all the plagues, Moshe Rabbeinu said that they are performed in order that "you should that I am the God"[3], "That I am the God in the land"[4] etc. The main purpose is to prove that there is a God, and to show his strength. But on the sea, we come across the words "fight", "war", "Hashem will fight for you"[5], "Hashem ish Milchama"[6]. The Torah is telling us that here, on the sea, Hashem mainly wants to show, not his strength, but raver his love and affection to Bnei Yisrael, by protecting and fighting their battle. "As an eagle which protects its fledglings".7] Chazal mention that ten miracles occurred on the sea[8], and the commentators[9] on the Mishna specify what they were. One of these miracles was that Hashem made a canopy of frozen water above Bnei Yisrael's heads. The Tosfot Yom Tov[10] asks – what need was there in this miracle? After all, to protect them from sun and rain they had the clouds of glory. His answer (in quote) "this miracle certainly was done only for the pride and owner of Yisrael". The Egyptians felt this too, and so they said "let us flee from before Yisrael because God is fighting Egypt for them"[11]. Maybe this can explain how come till the miracles of the sea Bnei Yisrael did not praise Hashem. Till then, they were not sure and did not know if the miracles done in Egypt are to prove Hashem's love to them. But once they saw the miracles on the sea, they had no doubt in the love and affection of Hashem to them, and their love burst out into the great "Shirat Ha'yam". "כמים הפנים אל הפנים"- (As water reflects one's face) The Holy Zohar[12] teach us that every appearance of the love from above comes only after we make the first step - "דאתערותא דלעילא לאו איהו אלא כד אתער לתתא" This points out on another difference between the situation in "Mitzraim" and that on the sea: During the ten Makot there was no expectation from Bnei Yisrael for deeds on there behalf. leading up to the exodus, they did not have to do anything in order to be worthy deliverance. But at the sea they had to prove faith and "Mesirut Nefesh" (self-sacrifice) by entering the sea before it split[13]. This brought upon Hashem to reveal his great love to us, as we read in "Shir Ha'shirim" (The Song of Songs) on Pesach – [14] "אני לדודי ודודי לי".'I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine'. From here we can take a 'prescription' how to reveal and revive the love between us and Hashem, that we so yearn for. [1] Masechet Shabbat page 53b [2] For example Eben Ezra [3] Shemot 7,17 [4] Shemot 8,18 [5] Shemot 14,14 [6] Shemot 15,13 [7] Devorim 32,11 according to Rashi's commentary there [8] Avot 5.4 [9] Bartnura on the Mishna [10] A comntator on the Mishna there [11] Shemot 14,25 [12] Parshat Lech Lecha [13] Masecet Suta Page 37 side A [14] 6,3 comments: [email protected] Rav Meir Katz is a former shaliach (Melbourne 1999-2000) and for many years Ra"M in Yeshivat Nachalat Yisrael of Migdal Haemek Torah MiTzion stands in the forefront of the battle for the future of the Jewish people in the Diaspora. It offers religious-Zionist Torah scholarship to Jewish communities throughout the world and strengthens the bond between the Jewish people in the Diaspora and in Israel via the study of Torah.
Home > network-security > cybersecurity > what is a network security system? what is a network security system? Defining network security is a complex task that encompasses many different technologies, equipment, and policies. Computer network security is a set of procedures and configurations designed to provide integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility for data over computer networks. Both software and hardware technologies are used. what is a network security system - Related Questions What are the types of network security? The right to access the system. Software used to detect and prevent malware, such as antivirus and antispyware. The security of application code... A behavioral analytics approach. ... prevent data loss by taking the necessary steps. A method to prevent distributed denial of service attacks. A few words about email security... There are firewalls. What is network security with example? There are filters. An effective network security solution will protect files and directories stored in a network from being hacked, misused, or modified without authorization. Security systems such as anti-virus systems are examples of network security. What is network security and types of network security? Security is a means of preventing breaches, intrusions, and other forms of threats on your network. In addition to access control and virus scanning software, network security also involves application security, network analytics, and other types of network-related security (endpoint, web, wireless), firewalls, and VPN encryption. What is network security and why it is important? It is equally important for homes and businesses to protect their networks. There are hundreds of millions of wireless routers in homes with high-speed internet connections. If they are not properly protected, they could be exploited. It is important to install a solid network security system to prevent data loss, thieves, and saboteurs. What are the four types of network security? What are the three 3 types of security to use as a methodical approach to protect a network infrastructure? You can strengthen your network defenses by... Make sure you have an anti-malware and anti-virus solution. The company should educate its employees across its departments. What are the 5 types of security? Using critical infrastructure cybersecurity techniques, security is being provided to the systems and services that rely on the critical infrastructure.... I want to learn about network security. I think cloud security is important... A security risk associated with Internet of Things networks. A security system for applications. What are the three types of security? Controls for security can be divided into three main areas or categories. The management security control, operational security control, and physical security control are all part of this. What are the 6 types of security? Crimes carried out by cybercriminals are primarily aimed at monetising their activities. Publicity is one of the main motivations of hackers. Members of the insider group... The threat of physical harm. It is terrorists, this world. This is espionage. What are the main types of security? A security may be categorized as debt, equity, derivative, or hybrid - a combination of equity and debt. What is network security? Security is the process of preventing data theft, unauthorized access, and intrusions into your network. In addition to hardware, software is also an integral part. There are numerous threats that it targets. Your network can't be breached or infiltrated by those harmful files. Access to a network can be controlled through effective network security. What is network security and types? Security measures put in place to protect a network and data that is stored on it or passed through it are called network countermeasures. In terms of network security, hardware, software, and cloud services all play a role. What are 2 examples of security? Equities - stocks are included in this category. A debt security is a bond or a banknote. are financial instruments that include options and futures. Future contracts are also known as derivatives because the value of the underlying security derives from it. Why is network security? Taking steps to secure a network means making sure no malicious users, devices, or information is misused or accidentally destroyed. To ensure that a network runs smoothly and that all legitimate users are safe, network security is essential. A network is blocked from being accessed by unauthorised users. What are the 4 types of networks? This is known as the Local Area Network. The PAN (Personal Area Network) It is the metropolitan area network (MAN). In an WAN (Wide Area Network), multiple nodes are connected. Why is important security important? Providing IT systems with a larger layer of protection against data breaches. By implementing security controls, sensitive data is protected from unauthorized access. Disruptions of services are avoided, for example. An example would be a denial-of-service attack. Extending IT security to networks and systems in order to prevent outsiders from abusing them. Why is networking so important? Also, networking opens up more opportunities for your career as well as career advancement. An important benefit of networking is being able to exchange ideas, experiences, and advice on challenges and goals, as well as gain insights you may not otherwise have gained.
Hepatitis arises due to the inflammation in liver tissues due to infection by virus which can harm the organ that may further leads to cirrhosis, fibrosis and liver cancer. The 5 main hepatitis viruses are referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. They are of extreme concern due to the problem of illness and death they cause and the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread. In particular, the most common and Acute which causes in children is Hepatitis A. Types B and C clue to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and composed of the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. The three types of hepatitis are Toxic, Alcohol and viral Hepatitis. Symptoms of Hepatitis are fever, fatigue, loss of appetite. Treatment options are determined by which type of hepatitis is present and whether the infection is acute or chronic. • Colon angiocarcinoma Related Conference of Hepatitis Hepatitis Conference Speakers
How To Become A Boilermaker A Boilermaker does more than just make boilers. They are an essential part of the maintenance crew as they make sure boilers are running safely and efficiently. What does a boiler do? A boiler often is used in a factory, ship, or large building, and they heat various gases or liquids to provide heat or generate electric power and the like. If you are mechanically-minded, this career choice is ideal for you. It will provide a lucrative living, room for advancement, and all with minimum education to get you started. See what it’s all about! Related Article: 40 Highest Paying Jobs With A Trade School Education Table of Contents What does a Boilermaker do? Boilermakers are in the maintenance and installation business. They assemble and repair large containers that hold gases, water, or other various liquids. As each one is made to particular specifications, you will need to be trained to read blueprints and use automatic welders. They also test boilers for defects or leakages, clean them, and make repairs. Boilermakers ensure their customers that the boiler is in safe operating condition. What kind of salary can I expect as a Boilermaker? As of May 2020, the BLS reported the average earnings of a Boilermaker to be $65,360 per year. The highest 10% reportedly earned upwards of $99,920 annually. The top industries that employ Boilermakers are Plumbing and HVAC contractors, followed by utility construction companies. Is a career as a Boilermaker in great demand? Between 2020 and 2030, the BLS does not predict a significant job growth rate; however, with most trades, retiring people will need to be replaced with qualified personnel. With that said, 1,300 new openings are expected to become available during the next decade. How do I become a Boilermaker? To begin, you will need a high school or equivalent diploma. From there, you will need to simply explore your options and take advantage of on-the-job training to learn the skills required to be a Boilermaker. Will on-the-job training be necessary? Yes, an apprenticeship is the best way to learn your craft. In this position, you will train and work under a licensed Boilermaker. Your apprenticeship will last approximately four years and require 8,000 hours of on-the-job training. Upon completion, you will be promoted to Journey-level status. Will I need to be licensed? You will need to check with your state’s regulations regarding licensure. Some states require it… and some don’t. However, certifications are always helpful and sometimes required, especially for job advancement opportunities. What are some similar occupations? Related careers include: • Welders • Sheet Metal Workers • Ironworker • Pipefitters & Steamfitters • Millwrights • Machinist/Tool & Die Maker • Elevator/Escalator Installer/Repairer The above careers involve similar training as the Boilermaker.
Alliances in School By Echo Brooks/TRT Online Columnist- Gay straight alliances are typically student based programs within school systems that provide meeting places, ideas, support and events that provide all students a safe place to learn regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. These groups are not just a safe haven for LBGTQ kids; they are implemented to encourage the rest of the school population to understand, find common ground with and support each other. Having straight allies in a school heightens awareness and lessens bullying. The more students that stand up for the LGBTQ population the bigger and stronger that population becomes and the smaller the intolerant population gets. Unfortunately, these groups are oftentimes frowned upon by school officials and administration. Their own ignorance and intolerance keep these essential groups from forming. Telling students they cannot organize a group to support each other and lessen bullying essentially confirms the notion that these kids are less then, not worthy of support, and educating the school system on how to treat each person with respect is not needed. Many times even the school systems that do allow implementation of the group place so many restrictions it again gives the impression that those kids are less than and not worthy. Recently a boy relocated to the middle school in our town. He entrusted some of the students with the knowledge that he was gay. Within two days physical threats were already being discussed throughout the school. This information prompted me to look into the resources my own town has for LGBTQ children. I was surprised not only to find none within the district, but nothing county wide. Only one school, a technical school, seemed to even have suicide resources in an easily assessable place. I wrote a letter to the local high school principal after failing to find the superintendant’s Email address or even a direct phone number. I expressed my concern for the lack of resources available to LGBTQ students. I offered my time and experience both as a former lesbian youth, partner, and mother. I made sure he knew the community had their eye on what wasn’t happening for all students, safe education. Since that Email, the ball has begun rolling. The high school principal, vice principal, administrator for extracurricular activities and a guidance counselor have all met. I was informed that these discussions had taken place previously but nothing ever came of it. I was also told I would be kept informed of the progress. It is bittersweet at best. I am pleased that some time in the near future all kids may have a chance to experience their education process in a happy, safe environment. I am thrilled the education and knowledge will be passed on to all students through proper assemblies with guest speakers. I am excited to be part of instituting such an important mission in a school system that obviously lacked one before. However in all the glory, I have to feel bad for the numerous kids that have passed through those doors without it. banner ad
What are Nursing Clinicals (And How Do I Survive)? Students who want to become a registered nurse (RN) or earn their bachelor’s of science in nursing (BSN) have to undergo nursing clinicals. Just what are nursing clinicals? When taking a look at what are clinicals for nursing, you’ll find that they’re the point in a nursing student’s education that allows them to practice what they’ve learned in the classroom. At this point, you’re probably still asking the question of “what are nursing clinicals?” because the phrase itself isn’t very clear as to explaining what are clinicals for nursing. What Are Clinicals in Nursing School? Let’s take a look at the question of “what are nurse clinicals?” for a better understanding of the answer to the question. Nursing clinicals are the portion of the nursing education that gives a nursing student the opportunity to show they’ve paid attention in class, asked questions about their role in general healthcare, how they’re expected to perform in a typical healthcare setting, responding to emergency situations, and how to provide compassionate treatment to those who are in need of medical assistance. The clinical trials allow students to perform in simulated and real-life settings while supervised. Simulated settings are observed by a supervisory nurse from a distance while the clinical rotation is done under the guidance of a clinical supervisor and while shadowing a nurse on their rounds. Nursing school clinicals tend to be stressful because nursing students are gaining their first real-life job experience as a nurse. While the clinicals aren’t exactly a job interview, students are observed by senior staff during the simulation labs and clinical rotations and assessed as potential new hires upon graduation. The pressure is on for students to do their best work in order to get a start on their career. What Can I Expect in Nursing School Clinicals? Nursing school clinicals tend to vary between schools and nursing concentrations. Students who are working towards their RN will attend clinicals that reflect the generalist nature of the role. Whereas students who are attending nursing school for specific area of healthcare such as cardiac care or geriatrics will engage in clinicals that work with those types of patients. Nursing school clinicals take place in a controlled setting with live patients as well as in the simulation lab with a medical mannequin. The simulation lab gives nursing students the opportunity to apply the healthcare knowledge they learned in the classroom to a medical mannequin. The medical mannequin is designed to simulate a variety of healthcare needs that are found in real-life settings, but without the stress of working with an actual patient. Prior to beginning the simulation, students are given an idea of what they’re about to experience before entering the room. Once the simulation begins, nursing students are given the opportunity to act and react to the simulation presented by the medical mannequin while being observed by a nurse supervisor. The nurse supervisor watches and observes how students perform, but never steps in to direct or otherwise show students the correct steps to take for the scenario. Students are graded based on how they performed and utilized their knowledge. The clinical rotation portion of the nursing clinicals involves working with a clinical instructor, shadowing a nurse who’s involved in patient care, recording patient information on behalf of the nurse, observing how nurses interact with patients, and learning how to record patient information while preserving a patient’s privacy. Students also learn how to interact appropriately with patients and their families in order to provide compassionate care and empathetic behavior. The clinical instructor tracks a student’s progress to determine if they’re learning how to use their nursing skills and assigns grades appropriately. How Do I Survive Nursing School Clinicals? The nursing school clinical portion of a nursing degree is a stressful experience because it’s the early stages of a nurse’s career. This is where nurses get to start practicing their knowledge on health mannequins and live patients with minimal supervision. Nursing students have to find their footing, get validation of their skills, and take actions that can make a difference in a patient’s quality of life. That makes surviving nursing school clinicals all that much tougher because so much rests on the decisions made by a nursing student. A nursing student who’s looking into how to survive nursing school clinicals first needs to take care of themselves. Get enough rest the night before, don’t try to cram in more information because nursing school clinicals are trials, not tests, and eat a good breakfast. Nourishing your body and giving your mind a chance to relax makes it that much easier to handle the stress of the experience along with helping you perform better. Don’t hesitate to ask questions, keep a notebook handy for personal notes, and always keep an open mind when learning how to work as a nurse. Top 25 Residential BSN Programs Best Residential Accelerated BSN Programs Best Online RN to BSN Programs The Ultimate Guide to Understanding Continuing Education for Nurses Everything You Need to Know: Nurse Recruitment for COVID-19 Sandra Janowicz Keeley Jones Registered Nurse Carrie Sealey-Morris
Respiration is the act of breathing. You wear a ventilator if you need help with your respiration. Everyone who breathes has the power of respiration. There is, however, another type of respiration which occurs in cells. This is the process of taking in certain substances and putting out others that a cell undergoes to produces energy. One single breath, the inhale and the exhale together, is also called a respiration. Definitions of respiration 1. noun a single complete act of breathing in and out “thirty respirations per minute” see moresee less type of: activity, bodily function, bodily process, body process an organic process that takes place in the body 2. noun synonyms: breathing, external respiration, ventilation see moresee less show 14 types... hide 14 types... artificial respiration an emergency procedure whereby breathing is maintained artificially abdominal breathing breathing in which most of the respiratory effort is done by the abdominal muscles eupnea, eupnoea normal relaxed breathing slow or shallow breathing heaving, panting breathing heavily (as after exertion) Cheyne-Stokes respiration, periodic breathing abnormal respiration in which periods of shallow and deep breathing alternate smoke, smoking the act of smoking tobacco or other substances snore, snoring, stertor the act of snoring or producing a snoring sound sniffle, snivel, snuffle breathing with a husky or whistling sound second wind the return of relatively easy breathing after initial exhaustion during continuous exertion blowing tobacco smoke out into the air type of: activity, bodily function, bodily process, body process an organic process that takes place in the body 3. noun synonyms: cellular respiration, internal respiration see moresee less type of: metabolic process, metabolism Word Family
SCIENTISTS at the Universities of York, Leeds, and Helsinki say they are a step closer to cracking the ‘Enigma Code’ of the common cold virus. Researchers found a ‘hidden code’ within the genome of Human Parechovirus, a member of the Picornavirus family that includes the common cold, polio, and hand foot and mouth disease. The team is now working to screen for potential anti-viral drugs that target this decoding mechanism. Successful future partnerships with the pharma-industry and further funding support could see drug development results within ten years. York’s Professor Reidun Twarock said the common cold infects more than two billion people annually. He added: “We are excited to make this crucial step forward.”
Natives Nursery Expansion Project After a decade of growing native plants for Houston Audubon’s coastal sanctuaries, it became apparent other environmental organizations and individuals were also looking for native plant material for their open lands, schools, parks, homes, and habitat reconstruction projects. Houston Audubon’s Natives Nursery fit a regional need. The nursery only grows plants found on the Upper Texas Coast, no hybrids or cultivars shipped from other countries or other parts of Texas. For several years, the nursery grew in small increments. Recently, however, the demand for pollinator plants that provide nectar and food for caterpillars grew quickly when it became well-known Monarch butterflies populations were in steep decline. National and local organizations stepped-up to address the problem with both programming and funding to restore habitat with the native pollinator plants Monarchs need for nectar and food during migration. Houston Audubon received funding to enhance its Natives Nursery through a cooperative grant for the Gulf-Houston Monarch Flyway Strategy Project and through a grant from The Meadows Foundation. The nursery enhancement goal was to increase the number of native plants in the ground and ultimately create more bird and wildlife habitat across Greater Houston as part of HAS’ Bird-Friendly Communities outreach program Native Plants for Houston. The project goals include improved appearance, improved functionality and efficiency, improved safety, greater opportunities for workshops and visitor services, greater plant output, a higher diversity of plants offered and healthier plants through improved irrigation. The Work The Natives Nursery Crew, BP Energy Company, Boy Scout Troop #599 and the 4th Saturday Workday volunteers moved over 3500 plants in and out of the nursery for two separate phases of the nursery enhancement project. The first phase included clearing and leveling the site, installing a drainage system and a new water meter. Phase 2 began on a very rainy spring day, when unbelievably good-natured BP volunteers and Nursery Crew heroes once again moved the plants out of the nursery to make room for 31 new growing benches. Cheers to everyone who worked so long and hard to make this project happen. Partners include The Meadows Foundation, The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Houston Wilderness, Houston Parks and Recreation Department, Katy Prairie Conservancy, Coastal Prairie Partnership, Trees for Houston, and many others who contributed their time and funds towards the Gulf-Houston Monarch Flyway Strategy project. Flo Hannah Conservation Specialist Summer 2017 New growing benches, leveled surface, and a larger nursery overall mean more bird-friendly plants! The Nursery Volunteer Crew was instrumental to the expansion project. Native milkweed supports the Monarch Butterfly, a species in decline.
Sports Injuries Oxygen is essential to the tissues in the body for healing. Oxygen treatment is used to treat injuries, in particular sports injuries. They can include joint and tendon injuries and sprains and broken bones. The body will normally heal itself by using the oxygen in the air. Increased oxygen concentration can assist the body’s healing process. The main aim of having oxygen treatment is to reduce the recovery time. We offer treatment which allows oxygen to be breathed under pressure. Benefits can be * Increased supply of oxygen to injured areas. * Quicker healing of soft tissues, ligaments and fractures. * Reduction in swelling and pain. * Prevention of hypoxia of the traumatized tissues. * Enhanced ability of white blood cells to kill bacteria and prevent infection. * Reduction of scar tissue formation. * Helping you return to peak performance in your sport sooner. What do our members say? " I can talk to others here about my personal experiences, even people I have not met before, without feeling embarrassed." " You feel really happy when you go to the Centre and it's just buzzing. Even when people are down, by the end of it people are happy." Get in touch with the centre We're here to help
2.1 Loooong Tails: Reducing Uncertainty in Projections of Sea Level (Core Science Keynote) Monday, 8 January 2018: 10:30 AM Room 4ABC (ACC) (Austin, Texas) Richard B. Alley, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA Projections of most-likely sea-level rise by the end of the century are generally less than 1 m even for a high emissions pathway. The reservoir of ice on Earth could raise sea level more than 60 m, however, and ice tends to melt in a warming world, giving a long tail toward higher rise in the plot of likelihood of possible futures (probabilty density function). Costs likely increase more rapidly than linearly with sea-level rise, so the long tail is even more prominent economically. Physical understanding shows possible paths that could generate a few meters of sea-level rise within decades or less after onset of rapid retreat, and that might even be likely. Such “collapse” mechanisms are very poorly constrained, however, and involve physics of ice fracture that may prove difficult to constrain. Guidance from paleoclimatic evidence is helpful but may not include any situations matching the rapid warming over extended ice of a high-emissions pathway. Such a poorly quantified but potentially consequential outcome of strong warming presents a large challenge for communications; the public generally expects us to avoid unnecessary alarmism but expects us to warn of possible dangers. This situation thus offers a great opportunity for valuable science to reduce uncertainty. Some ways forward are already evident, but new ideas may be needed as well. - Indicates paper has been withdrawn from meeting - Indicates an Award Winner
Creation/evolution hermeneutics Noah’s Ark and salvation Another reason the Flood could not have been local Published in Creation magazine 37(4):22-24, 2015. About 1656 years after the creation of the world, God destroyed all humans, except for eighton the Ark that Noah built, and all air-breathing land animals (except those on the Ark) in a great global judgment. Many marine creatures were also destroyed—some 95% of all fossils found are the remains or impressions of creatures who once lived in the sea. We see evidence of this deluge all over the earth, including on the highest mountains. Mt Everest has marine fossils at its peak. Noah arkScripture tells us, “… when once the long-suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, an ark having been prepared, into which a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water. Which antitype now also saves us, baptism (not a putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God through the resurrection of Jesus Christ … .)” (1 Peter 3:20–21, KJ3).2 The Apostle Peter describes our being baptized into Christ’s death as an antitype of the saving of eight in the Ark. The original Greek word ἀντίτυπον (antitypon) has the meaning of a ‘representative’ or a ‘figure’. The dictionary definition of the English word ‘antitype’ is ‘something that is represented by a symbol’. It comes from anti meaning ‘opposite’, as well as ‘in place of’, and typon an impression like from a die or stamp. So an opposite to the die is a representation or symbol of the original. In short, the Bible makes it clear that the Ark, which saved eight souls through the deluge, is a figure, or ‘type’, of Christ and His salvation. Through entering the Ark, all who responded to Noah’s preaching could be saved from the waters of judgment. Even so, by entering into Christ, the ultimate Ark of salvation, we are saved from the judgment to come. The parable of the orange tree by Dr. John White Biblical doctrines Roman Catholic Church The Papacy Popery! As it Was and as it Is By William Hogan William Hogan William Hogan William Hogan was born in Ireland, educated at Maynooth College, and became a priest before emigrating to America around 1810. Assigned to St. Mary’s parish in Philadelphia, he proved himself a popular priest. But he soon ran afoul of Bishop Henry Conwell, who resented his popularity and disapproved of his vigorous social life. When Hogan resisted Conwell’s attempts to rein him in, Conwell suspended him. The trustees of St. Mary’s rushed to Hogan’s defense and Conwell soon had a full-blown schism on his hands. He eventually excommunicated Hogan in 1821 and then, like many American bishops in the 1820s, wrested control of the parish from the lay trustees. Following his excommunication, Hogan managed a circus, studied law, and married twice, before reemerging in the 1840s as a leading voice of anti-Catholicism. He went on the lecture circuit, wrote belligerent essays in popular journals, and published in 1851 a book entitled, “Popery as It Was and as It Is.” The general tone of the latter is conveyed in the following statement: “I am sorry to say, from my knowledge of Roman Catholic priests … that there is not a more corrupt, licentious body of men in the world.” (Source: Wikipedia) astronomy Creation/evolution Science Apollo moon landing hoax and the ‘Face on Mars’ According to some people, denying evolution and believing biblical creation is like saying that NASA faked the Moon landings. That’s how I sometimes hear people speak of my biblical creation worldview on origins. However, to say that 6-day biblical creation, also known as Young Earth Creation, has any correspondence to the moon-landing-hoax theory, by any measure, is beyond all reason. NASA did land astronauts in the moon in 1969, and after that. That is a historical fact. The conspiracy theory claims that it was all faked in a Hollywood film studio. This hoax had developed to such a point that NASA used its Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) to take new photographs in 2011 from an altitude of 50 km (31 miles) of the surface of the moon that clearly show astronaut footprints, the lunar rover tracks and spacecraft scorch marks.1 Figure 1. Four images from NASA clearly showing the surface of the moon with astronaut footprints, rover tracks, and scorch marks from the spacecraft used. Source: Ref. 1. The fact of the moon landing is an historical question for which there is strong supporting evidence. To add to this is the testimony of probably a hundred thousand people involved in the Apollo missions. To cover that up would take a massive deception of gigantic proportions. Belief in God Biblical doctrines Roman Catholic Church The Papacy Popery – the Accommodation of Christianity to the Natural Heart — James Japan Biblical doctrines Christianity The Papacy Who is the rock? One of the most misunderstood passages of Scripture is the account when the Apostle Peter acknowledges Jesus as the Christ, the Son of the living God. The Father through Holy Spirit reveals to Peter who Jesus is (Matthew 16:13-20, Mark 8:27-30; Luke 9:18-20; John 6:66-71). This is the passage where Jesus speaks of building His church upon a rock, and where He gives to Peter the “keys to the kingdom.” The Papacy falsely claims this as proof of their claim to be the lawful head of Christ’s Church on Earth. The Roman Church also claims a continuous succession of popes from Peter, who they claim as their first pope. In addition they assert that Jesus giving Peter the “keys” means that Peter, at that time, was given temporal authority over the whole Christian Church. Thus that same authority passed to all succeeding Bishops of Rome, popes, who claim to be Christ’s representative on Earth, or actually a substitute Christ. Belief in God Biblical doctrines What biblical repentance is not! After watching Ray Comfort’s new film Audacity, I realised that he preaches Lordship salvation. If you are unaware of what that is, it is the need to add works to grace in order to obtain salvation. That is quite distinct from works as evidence of salvation. In the film when asked “… so all I need to do is believe?” Ray adds “… there is more to it than that!” He then says that you must stop sinning. It is subtle but it is in there. I made that comment a post of FaceBook then a brother kindly alerted me to the following excellent video explaining this. Please watch it. Where you find “repentance” in the Scriptures you find “penance” taught by the Church of Rome, as, for example, in Ezekiel 18:30 Repent and turn yourselves from all your transgressions. Luke 8:3 Except you repent you shall all likewise perish. Acts 2:38: Repent and be baptized every one of you, for the remission of sins, and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. In all these passages the Council of Trent, Session 14:2, changed “repent,” into “do penance.” astronomy Creation/evolution Physics Science ‘Dark photons’: another cosmic fudge factor Colliding galaxies Abell 3827 Cosmology Creation/evolution Politics Roman Catholic church Science The big bang is pagan philosophy Is the big bang evolution story of the Universe really science? And is the big bang a valid starting point to argue that science supports the biblical narrative history from the Genesis account and elsewhere? Can we consider a big bang creation in our apologetics? BB evolution Foundations for our apologetics In apologetics1 we are engaged in a spiritual war, which we fight on a daily basis. We win some battles, we lose some, but we know that the war will eventually be won by God. He has told us that fact. Often however our comrades in arms, i.e. other Christians, may themselves not clearly see the enemy’s tactics. That does not mean they cannot see the enemy but may be they are too close in battle to see the whole war. Sometimes we must criticise what our friends have said in an effort to prevent the enemy from developing a breach in the wall of truth and eventually destroying the foundations. In this case our friends are our fellow Christians who have gotten off the track by absorbing too much of the pagan culture in which they live. Aliens astronomy Creation/evolution Life on Earth 2.0—Really? Discovery of Kepler-452b Figure 1. Artist conception of the planet Kepler-452b. Clouds, continents and oceans are included, for which there is no evidence. Credit: NASA
Breakdown: Introduction(history, brief etiology resource poor country. Burden of disease (affected global population & statistics), Program development/intervention (design a program that specifically addresses the issue(s) and is supported by research to be effective. Your program should contain, a name, mission, goal, objective, and outcome of the program/intervention to be implemented). Recommendations (discuss and emphasize the global health implications of your selected issue. Explain what you have learned from researching this topic and what you believe future trends/ innovations may focus on Conclusion
What is driving the EU NUTS?: Regional Competitiveness in the EU On the 7th of October, the European Commission received the fourth edition of the Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI). This report concerns the competitive position of all regions in the European Union and gives an analysis of what determines a region’s competitiveness. Furthermore, it has ranked the regions from most competitive to least competitive. The first edition of the RCI was written in 2010, which focused on the economic situation within the EU’s regions during the last economic crisis. Ever since it has been the starting point for comparison of the European regions. The report describes its goal as “… meant to help policymakers and stakeholders assess what a region’s strongest/weakest assets are while identifying objectives and targets to converge at national and EU level”. This poses the question: what is regional competitiveness? How is it measured? And what ‘regions’ are being talked about? The report defines regional competitiveness as “… the ability of a region to offer an attractive and sustainable environment for firms and residents to live and work”. In other words, how viable the regions are for companies and people. To measure the RCI, more than 70 indicators are used to evaluate the conditions to achieve this viability. Some of these indicators are of a political nature, for example, political stability, corruption and rule of law. Some other indicators concern health and wellbeing such as child-mortality rate and suicide-death rate. Furthermore, there are indicators ranging from education and gender equality to the quality of infrastructure and accessibility to the latest technological developments. It is safe to say that a diverse range of factors have been considered, which contributes to the quality of the report. The combination of these factors is used to measure regional competitiveness. The RCI is measured in the so-called NUTS-2 regions. NUTS is the abbreviation for Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics. There are three levels of NUTS: NUTS-1 consists of the major socio-economic regions, NUTS-2 consists of the basic regions for the application of regional policies and NUTS-3 consists of the small regions for specific diagnoses. Noteworthy is the fact, that not all regions are exactly situated in Europe as a continent. Examples are the Spanish Canary Islands or French Guyane, which lie in Africa and South-America respectively. These regions are overseas territories of European countries, thus belonging within the EU. By analysing these factors, the report provided each region with a score which determines the level of competitiveness within each region. The scores made it possible to create a ranking list. At the top of the list, there is the region of Stockholm. Spot number two is shared by both the region of London and the Dutch region of Utrecht, both being praised for their commuting system. As always, where there is a top there must be a bottom. The three regions to occupy the last the spots are French Guyane, the Sud-Est region in Romania and the Voreio Aigaio region in Greece. Voreio Aigaio is a particularly troubled area, as the region received exactly 0 points over all the factors. Is there something all the top-scoring regions share? Is there something the bottom regions miss out on? The report refers to L. N. Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina and the Anna Karenina-principal: All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. This indeed reflects the contrast between the top/happy regions and the bottom/unhappy regions. The regions situated at the top of the list received high score across all factors, in particular the factors concerning education, health, technological readiness and macroeconomic stability. The bottom regions have their unique problems. The report advises targeting overall improvement, instead of focusing on one problem. The report illustrated that Europe is still recovering from the crisis of 2008. Too often regions within the EU still struggle with high unemployment, poor access to (digital) infrastructure and house-hold incomes being lower than the pre-crisis era. Although the crisis occurred over eleven years ago, the question remains as to whether there will ever be a full recovery. There might even be a chance, that the next economic slump is already on its way… For further readings, check out: Featured Image Håkan Dahlström from Malmö, Sweden (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:European_Union_Flag_(4768764591).jpg), „European Union Flag (4768764591)“, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode Leave comment
Como vai, Forasteiro!? Photoselective Anti Hail Netting Photoselective Anti Hail Netting Netting can protect your crop from hail, well worth the value when mother nature strikes. Photo-selective anti-hail nets can also provide additional value by reducing plant stress and sunburn. WSU’s Dr. Lee Kalcsits and Dr. Stefano Musacchi gave more than 90 field day participants an update last week on what they are learning about how different colors of anti-hail netting can reduce wind speed and light intensity and how this might impact tree growth and sunburn.To get more news about Commercial Hail Netting Supplier, you can visit official website. Sunburn control is one of the big advantages of netting. In Eastern Washington, the light is intense. On a bright day it may reach 1,900 µmoles m-2 s-1 in the summer. Shade netting is designed to intercept some of this intense light. In WSU’s current study Kalcsits is working with a 20-25% shade netting. This is important because excess light heats up the fruit and can create sunburn. Fruit like soil and concrete absorb the energy from light and heat up. Kalcsits explains, “When you or I are sitting in the sun we heat up. But, we can sweat and cool ourselves. The tree leaves can do the same thing by transpiring and maintaining temperature. But fruit can not. Fruit surface temperature may be 20°F warmer than air temperature on a bright hot day.” Shade netting intercepts some of this intense light. With less energy hitting the fruit it does not heat up as much. In the first year of the study Kalcsits and Musacchi found fruit under the netting may be only 7 °F warmer than air temperature. That means for a day where the air temperature reaches 95 °F fruit surface temperatures of 100 °F under netting compared to fruit with no shade netting or evaporative cooling reaching 115 °F, a temperature where sunburn starts to occur. In 2015, fruit averaged 5-10% sunburn under netting compared to 25% sunburn in non-netted trees with no over head cooling. In addition to changing the tree environment by reducing light intensity Kalcsits and Musacchi saw a 40% reduction in wind speed. Interestingly, shade netting did not reduce air temperature. “We were surprised,” Kalcsits said. Although it feels cooler when you walk under the net this is because there is less light hitting you and warming you up. “There was no significant difference in air temperature outside and inside the net.” Netting can also reduce tree stress. Without netting, photosynthesis tends to drop dramatically after midday. To be able to grow, plants need to take up water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to use in photosynthesis. At high temperatures trees close the stomata in their leaves so that they lose less water to the air from transpiration. Closing stomata reduced water loss. However, with their stomata closed the leaves are absorbing less carbon dioxide which they need to produce carbohydrates. Under the netting the trees photosynthesize and make carbohydrates later into the day because they are not stressed. Musacchi and Kalcsits found significant increases in vertical growth and branching under netting. “In addition to sunburn protection another advantage is the increase in growth. We saw a 15% increase in canopy volume. This is important for Honeycrisp which tends to stop growing when there is fruit on the trees. Netting helps it keep growing,” Musacchi explained. Different colors of netting modify the quality of light under the netting. Blue light is generally important for vegetative growth and red light, when combined with blue light encourages flowering and fruiting. In Europe researchers have found a reduction in return bloom and increase of fruit overcolor under red netting and increases in vegetative growth and vigor under blue light. Musacchi and Kalcsits are testing whether light color ratios will have significant impacts in Washington. “These effects are cumulative. It will take multiple years to see potential effects from netting color,” Kalcsits told the group. Growing under netting does come with management considerations. It is important to open and close the net looking carefully for snow events. A late snow in spring or an early snow in winter can seriously damage the orchard structure. Also bees can be effected by netting so it is better to open the net after flowering is complete. It is also likely that managers will need to modify their irrigation patterns under nets because of changes in water-use. Preliminary results from WSU’s netting research show potential advantages to photo-selective anti-hail netting. But time (and more data points) will tell. We will continue to keep you updated as we learn more about the effects of orchard overhead netting and how it can reduce tree stress and effect your bottom line. Keep a look out for a video coming out soon on this project. Sign In or Register to comment.
How a Greek manuscript could have become a Bible in the Middle Ages A Greek manuscript that scholars believe could have been a biblical work has been discovered in the UK, the first such find in the English-speaking world. The discovery was made by an Englishman named Robert Wilson, who discovered the manuscript in 1845 in the county of Wiltshire and published it in 1847. Wilson, who was not a Greek scholar, was studying the Bible in Germany and was studying a Greek text called the Odyssey. He had the book translated into English and published in 1851. The English edition was published in 1850 and has remained the English Bible since. In 1873, Wilson’s grandson, John Wilson, went to Greece to investigate. Wilson had returned to the United Kingdom from Greece and was living in Scotland when he discovered the Bible. He was inspired to discover the manuscript after hearing that it had been translated into Greek, according to The Independent. A team of British scholars went to Wilts, and they took the manuscript to the Library of Edinburgh for further examination. They did a careful examination of the text, which was carefully examined and translated into Latin. Once the translation was done, they went on to have a look at the manuscript. They found that it was composed of a Greek, Arabic, Sanskrit and Latin text, with the original Greek text on the front. It has a large central area that had been left out by the Greek editors and it was then filled in with the translation by Wilson. As a result, the text of the Bible now contains more Greek than the original text. According to the Independent, Wilson described the book as a “complete work of the ancient Greek writers,” and said he believed the manuscript would have been “the first Greek book of its kind.” It is also the first to have been published in the United States, which is also why the translation has never been published before. Its discovery has been described as “one of the most important discoveries in the history of science.” The work is believed to have come from the Greek manuscript, which Wilson found in 1844. After Wilson’s discovery, he was not only the first person to translate a Greek book, but he was also the person to bring it to America and the only one who translated the original. Related Post Development Is Supported By
The Loss of an Icon: A Closer Look by Arnold Woods It is perhaps the most iconic piece of architecture in San Francisco history, a town filled with iconic structures. After the first Cliff House burned down on Christmas Day 1894, Adolph Sutro, by then the owner of the oceanside restaurant, not only vowed to rebuild, he did so in a slightly more flamboyant manner. Arising from the ashes came a magnificent structure that has, ever since, carried the misnomer, the Victorian Cliff House. View north to second Cliff House, circa 1896.View north to second Cliff House, circa 1896. (wnp37.02508.jpg; Marilyn Blaisdell Collection / Courtesy of a Private Collector) Opening on February 1, 1896, Sutro’s new Cliff House was designed to look like a French chateau1 with some inspiration from the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego. It was five stories tall with a central tower and four turrets. Sutro had commissioned his Sutro Baths architects, Emile Lemme and C.J. Colley, to design it. The new, grander Cliff House was a favorite of early photographers and the public. As a result, today we perhaps have a skewed view of how long it was around. With so many photographs, postcards, and even paintings and drawings of Sutro’s Cliff House, it seems like it must have been around for a long time. However, despite surviving the 1906 earthquake, the second Cliff House came to an end a mere eleven and a half years after it opened. Second Cliff House on fire, September 7, 1907.Second Cliff House on fire, September 7, 1907. (wnp4/wnp4.0591; Courtesy of a Private Collector) On September 7, 1907, the Cliff House was closed for some remodeling work. Because it was a Saturday, the workers left for the day early in the afternoon2. Around 4:30 p.m., John Wilkins, who previously had run the restaurant and still lived close by, noticed smoke coming out of the basement and brought it to the attention of the watchman Owen Mulvaney. Mulvaney immediately used the building’s auxillary service to call in an alarm3. Captain W.E. Kelly of the Fire Department’s chemical company no. 8 located close by was the first to respond with several firemen and a horse-drawn fire engine. They began running a chemical firehose into the Cliff House and ran into a visibly dazed Wilkins. Fireman Fred Klatzal tried to help him out, but both collapsed from the smoke. Nearby citizens rushing in to see if they could be of service helped the two out of the building. The fire engine was so close to the flames that the horse’s shoulder was singed and it soon used up its limited supply of chemicals. People on north end of Ocean Beach viewing the burning Cliff House, September 7, 1907.People on north end of Ocean Beach viewing the burning Cliff House, September 7, 1907. (wnp4/wnp4.0590b; Courtesy of a Private Collector) Captain Kelly then called Chief Wells, who ordered companies 30 and 36 to respond. Engine company 36 got there quickly with company 30 arriving shortly thereafter. At 5:25 p.m., soon after firemen had hooked up a firehose to a hydrant by the garage and began using it to douse flames, powder stored in the basement exploded and saving the Cliff House became a lost cause. The powder was being used by workers to widen the road down to the beach. More fire department companies–engine companies nos. 21, 22, 23, and 26, truck companies nos. 5 and 6, and chemical company no. 8–responded to the blaze, but heat forced fire personnel and equipment to move back. Even the sea lions on Seal Rocks were forced to abandon their stomping grounds. People, horses and carriages on Point Lobos road watching Cliff House fire, September 7, 1907. (Courtesy of Dennis O’Rorke and It wasn’t long before large crowds gathered on Ocean Beach and the Great Highway was filled with vehicles as gawkers amassed to see the spectacle. Some even ventured up Point Lobos Avenue toward the fire for a closer look. No one could get close, though Engineer Temple of company 36 heroically stayed at his post by the fire hydrant to ensure a continuous stream of water despite nearby flames and having to turn his back to protect his face. Fellow firemen were spraying water on him to keep him safe. He was given much credit for ensuring that the conflagration did not reach the Sutro Baths. View from Ocean Beach of Cliff House fire with building almost entirely consumed, September 7, 1907.View from Ocean Beach of Cliff House fire with building almost entirely consumed, September 7, 1907. (wnp70.0927; Marilyn Blaisdell Collection / Courtesy of Molly Blaisdell) Another explosion occurred when stored painting materials and turpentine were touched by the flames. It wasn’t long before fire department personnel knew the Cliff House was lost and switched their efforts from fighting the fire to saving nearby structures, such as the Baths and Sutro Heights. In this effort, they were entirely successful. Only the Cliff House and the attached garage were lost. It was believed that steamfitters working in the basement may have accidentally left a fire pot burning or that a cigarette was accidentally discarded by flammable materials. The exact cause of the fire was never determined however. People looking at Cliff House ruins the day after fire, September 8, 1907.People looking at Cliff House ruins the day after fire, September 8, 1907. (wnp4/wnp4.0598; Turrill & Miller – photographers / Courtesy of a Private Collector) John Tait, who would later open Tait’s at the Beach further south on Ocean Beach, was leasing the Cliff House from the Sutro family at the time of the fire. He had spent about $50,000 on remodeling the Cliff House when it all went up in smoke. As Adolph Sutro had died nine years before, it was no longer up to him as to how to rebuild. That task fell to his daughter, Emma Sutro Merritt. She turned to the Reid Brothers to design a new Cliff House. Ironically, the Reid Brothers had designed the Hotel del Coronado which had served as inspiration for the second Cliff House. Third Cliff House, 1909.Third Cliff House, 1909. (wnp4/wnp4.0013; Courtesy of a Private Collector) Unlike the Hotel del Coronado though, the Reid Brothers designed a more sedate building for the third Cliff House in a neo-classical style. The new building opened for business on July 1, 1909 with Tait still on board to run the establishment. Despite its short run on Lands End and no one left alive who visited it, the second Cliff House remains a favorite of the public as they imagine what it would be like to once more have such a magnificent structure by the ocean. 1.Second Cliff House,” by Western Neighborhoods Project. 2. “The Famous Cliff House Totally Destroyed By Fire,” San Francisco Chronicle, September 8, 1907, pp. 1, 34. 3. “Cliff House Is Destroyed By Flames,” San Francisco Call, September 8, 1907, pp. 1, 22.
Cat Stories How Do Cats Present Affection? 7 Cat Affection Indicators How Do Cats Present Affection? 7 Cat Affection Indicators How do cats present affection? Cat kisses, grooming, tail fluffs, chirps and mews — these are just a few of the candy methods cats that cats present affection to the individuals they really feel near. As a result of some indicators of cat affection are delicate, they’re usually misinterpreted and typically missed. So, how do cats present affection? Sometimes, kitties don’t reveal their heat emotions towards individuals in loud, boisterous methods. They don’t wag their tails or bathe their family members with sloppy kisses like some canine do. As a substitute, cats whisper their affections. Listed here are some indicators of cat affection that each cat mum or dad ought to know. 1. Cats present affection by their eyes A gray tabby cat with his eyes closed or blinking. Gradual blinking is a standard signal of cat affection. Images ©KandM-photography \| Thinkstock. How do cats present affection with their eyes? It’s a fairly good indicator that your cat trusts and enjoys your organization when she appears at you with half-closed eyes whereas slowly blinking. These particular eye blinks are known as cat kisses and are reciprocal. You’ll be able to inform your cat you’re keen on her too by giving her cat kisses. This signal of cat affection conveys rest, contentment, affection and belief; they assist construct and strengthen your relationship together with her. She could reply with extra gradual blinks. 2. Cats present affection by their tails A cat tail curled at the top. Tails are a great way to inform what your cat is feeling. Images ©Photodisc \| Thinkstock. How do cats present affection by their tails? Tails are emotional barometers, precisely conveying feelings by how they’re held and positioned, and the levels of fur puffiness. When mixed with physique language and different indicators, they impart a gamut of feelings from concern and aggression to affection and happiness. Whereas most individuals readily acknowledge indicators of concern and aggression, they don’t seem to be as conscious that tails are indicators of cat affection, too. Cats usually present their emotional attachments by tail placements. Connection is demonstrated by twining tails across the legs and arms of their favored buddies. Typically kitties specific heat emotions as they chill out subsequent to their individuals whereas bodily touching or resting their tails on them. Though I attempt to not anthropomorphize, the candy conduct jogs my memory of holding fingers with a greatest pal. Along with tail wrapping and touching, kitties specific happiness and heat emotions by fluffing out the bottom of their tails whereas subtly quivering them. Concurrently they maintain their tails upright with a slight curve on the high. This conduct is usually known as the glad tail dance. Often it’s accompanied by an endearing kitty love blink. three. Cats present affection by cheek rubs A cat man getting a head rub from a gray cat. Test rubs are one other signal of cat affection. Images ©Matteo Viviani \| Thinkstock. How do cats present affection once they rub their cheeks on you? One pleasant manner cats greet these they belief and really feel secure with is by rubbing their cheeks on them. Cheek rubs are an indication of cat affection which can be additionally invites for socializing. Kitties have scent glands on their cheeks that produce pheromones. Along with displaying their favourite individuals belief and affection, felines mark possession by the conduct and mingle their scents with these they’re connected to. With cats you don’t know, you may encourage socialization by extending your index finger towards the cat at about her nostril stage. It doesn’t matter whether or not she is just a few toes away or throughout the road. If she needs to say good day, she’ll method your finger and contact it together with her nostril after which flip her head till your finger is on her cheek. If she trusts you, she is going to rub your hand together with her cheek, indicating that she is open to socializing. This can be the start of a stupendous friendship! four. Cats present affection by head bunting A wet cat kissing and rubbing faces with a woman. Cats present affection by head bunting. Images ©CasarsaGuru \| E+ / Getty Photographs. How do cats present their affection by head butts, or head bunting? This can be a signal of cat affection that additionally marks you and mingles her scent with yours. This can be a social cat affection conduct that does double responsibility. Along with displaying belief and friendship, head bunting proclaims possession. Scent that’s produced from glands situated in your kitty’s head is transferred on you when she butts you together with her head. 5. Cats present affection by language A gray cat with yellow eyes with his mouth open. Sure vocalizations . Images ©graphixchon \| Thinkstock. How do cats present affection with cat sounds? Chirrs, chirps, purrs, trills and mews usually talk endearments and belief. Though mother cats talk reassurance to their kittens by chirrs and chortles, these candy sounds of cat affection are sometimes reserved for particular individuals whom cats really feel near. Endearing feelings are additionally expressed by different vocalizations comparable to particular meows and mews — some are comfortable and kitten-like, whereas others are louder. Purring may point out that your kitty is feeling safe, secure and reassured round you. Her purrs could present affection, particularly when she accompanies them with kitty kisses and different expressive cat affection indicators comparable to touching you with a paw or tail. 6. Cats present affection by grooming An orange tabby cat licking a human on the nose. A cat who grooms chances are you’ll be displaying his affection for you. Images ©Murika \| Thinkstock. How do cats present affection by grooming? Cats who really feel linked and shut to one another will mutually groom (allogrooming). The conduct helps them chill out, exhibits belief and builds a neighborhood scent — necessary for recognizing relations and buddies. Individuals are not exempt from this signal of cat affection — grooming isn’t reserved only for these of the identical species. Cats will typically lick their human associates, displaying affection whereas mingling their scents. 7. Cats present affection by hanging out on and round you A gray kitten on a couch, licking with his tongue out. Even when your cat isn’t a lap cat, hanging out round you continue to signifies that she loves you. Images by 5second/Thinkstock. How do cats present affection once they comply with you? Felines like being round these they really feel an affinity for. Your particular kitty could be enjoyable close to you or napping in your lap. She may place herself in order that she touches you — her again could also be towards your leg or she reaches out and pats you with a paw. Even when your cat isn’t a lap cat, she should still reveal she feels linked to you by hanging out close by. Some kitties comply with their individuals round the home. Meals isn’t a part of the equation — they path their people as a result of they like being with them. Some tag alongside, following these they really feel linked to from room to room. The underside line on cat affection and cat communication Cats are superb communicators, utilizing a mixture of physique language, postures and vocalizations to specific their emotions. Though cat affection is delicate and at occasions complicated, they’ve quite a lot of methods of displaying affection and belief to the individuals they’re connected to. Inform us: How do cats present affection, in your expertise? Thumbnail: Images ©igor_kell \| Thinkstock. This publish was initially printed in 2010. Nonetheless stumped on cats displaying affection? opinions the 10 most affectionate cat breeds >> Concerning the creator Please comply with Marilyn on Fb! In case you suspect a behavioral downside, at all times rule out any attainable medical points which may be inflicting the conduct by first having your cat examined by a veterinarian. Marilyn may assist you to resolve cat conduct challenges by a session. Marilyn, a licensed cat conduct marketing consultant, proprietor of The Cat Coach, LLC, solves cat conduct issues nationally and internationally by on website, Skype and telephone consultations. She makes use of power free strategies that embrace environmental adjustments, administration, clicker coaching and different conduct modification methods. She can be an creator. Her award-winning e-book Naughty No Extra! focuses on fixing cat conduct issues by clicker coaching and different force-free strategies. Marilyn is massive on training — she feels it is necessary for cat dad and mom to know the explanations behind their cat’s behaviors. She is a frequent visitor on tv and radio, answering cat conduct questions and serving to individuals perceive their cats. Learn extra about cat conduct on Leave a Reply
Pigeonhole Principle/Historical Note From ProofWiki Jump to navigation Jump to search Historical Note on Pigeonhole Principle The Pigeonhole Principle appeared in print as early as $1622$ in Selectæ Propositiones in Tota Sparsim Mathematica Pulcherrimæ by Jean Leurechon. It also appears, in greater detail, in the $1624$ work Récréations Mathématiques by "H. van Etten", also commonly attributed to Jean Leurechon. However, it is commonly called Dirichlet's Box (or Drawer) Principle, after an $1834$ treatment by Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, who called it the Schubfachprinzip (drawer principle or shelf principle). In Russian and some other languages, it is known as the Dirichlet principle or Dirichlet's principle, which name ambiguously also refers to the minimum principle for harmonic functions. It is usually seen in its simplest form: if you have $N + 1$ objects to put into $N$ pigeonholes, at least one pigeonhole contains $2$ objects.
Skip to navigationSkip to content In India, toddlers are starting to write computer codes before they can talk REUTERS/Alexandre Meneghini Published This article is more than 2 years old. Nothing distracts Rishi Shiv P when he is writing computer code. The five-year-old’s eyes remain fixed on the screen and his little fingers dance across the keyboard, as he unfurls drop-down menus and builds nested loops. “This is Flappy Bird game,” he explained, sitting at his mother’s desk, his favourite corner in their Bengaluru house. The game is nearly complete. He is just adding his chosen colour to the background, against which a bird will eventually fly through an obstacle course. As Rishi gets busy finding the right command, his mother Recheshwari Shiv tells me about the games and animations he has created in the past four months. Even discounting for her love as a parent, the child’s aptitude for programming sounds prodigious. “My favourite is the throwball game, where I throw the ball…and play with the computer to hit the goal,” Rishi proclaimed, with infectious energy. His early interest in computers and technology was what made his parents enrol him at Whitehat Jr, a Mumbai company that provides children with programming tutorials. Now the child spends around three hours every week learning to code. Rishi’s coding instructor at Whitehat Jr, Anchal Rekhi, is proud of the progress he has made. “When Rishi created the throwball game, I was amazed to see how he used logic to adjust the ball speed so that it hits the goal,” said the 29-year-old who has a degree in graphic design. “Children use drag-and-drop codes but sometimes they get really creative.” Rishi is among those with a creative flair for coding. Click and swipe Many parents want their children to learn how to create the very technologies that they are dependent on. In today’s digital age, most children learn to swipe and click before they can speak coherently or walk. Smartphones and tablets are their digital pacifiers, companions and entertainers. It is but natural, then, that many parents want their children to learn how to create the very technologies that they are dependent on. Servicing these needs in India are a great number of coding and programming centres in Bengaluru, Delhi, Mumbai, Gurugram, and Chandigarh. Most of these places use a common pool of tools and platforms—such as Code Studio, LightBot, Botley or MIT’s Scratch—which were created for a western market where teaching children to code is already a flourishing industry. The goal is to nurture in a child the skill to develop a meticulous set of instructions in a language that the computer understands. “Before Industrial Revolution, fewer than 10% of schools taught mathematics,” said Karan Bajaj, who founded Whitehat Jr in 2018 in Mumbai. After the tipping point, “every school introduced mathematics because that was the centre of the revolution. Now we are in the middle of the computer revolution, and it’s the same phenomenon: schools need to realise the importance of coding as a skill.” At Whitehat Jr, Rekhi says, children are first taught terms such as code, commands, and algorithms. The next lesson is in how to break a task “into multiple commands that the computer can understand”—the very fundaments of coding and programming. “Kids do not need to be proficient in reading or writing to do this because we use stories and images to explain the concepts.” Bajaj elaborated further: “Even at the age of four or five, kids have a basic structure of logic. So, in our classes, we have seen a six-year-old create a spelling bee and a seven- or an eight-year-old create a UFO through drag-and-drop codes. We use block-based coding and tools, where the focus is more on logic than syntax, which is like the grammar of computer languages.” Digital literacy Coding offers a chance to improve cognitive skills and develop computational thinking. Building games and apps are not the only reason children are being nudged into computer programming. There is a growing need for digital literacy, and for children with easy access to technology, coding offers a chance to improve cognitive skills and develop computational thinking. In Bengaluru, Bharat Divyang, a graduate of the Indian Institute of Technology and father of a five-year-old, runs ZugZwang Academy, or what he calls a brain gym. Divyang’s love for chess and his belief in the idea of fluid intelligence prompted him to combine both and offer interdisciplinary courses in chess, coding, and programming for seven- to 14-year-olds. On a weekday, 10-year-old Rohit was busy solving a challenge in the programming language Python. The youngest in a group of seven students, he seemed to have found his passion. “I love to take Python challenges,” he said. “If it is an easy level, I can complete seven to eight in a day, but sometimes I get stuck and complete only one. My friends do not get to do this because this is not what they teach us in the school computer class. I want to be a software engineer when I grow up, and I might go to a foreign country to do this.” An hour later, the next batch arrived. Eight-year-old Ananya was handed an iPad with access to Lightbot, a coding-based puzzle game. Her task was to move a robot in multiple directions by giving commands to the system. She explained to me the constraints and the rules she must abide by. I saw her juggling between commands as she decided what the robot needed to do. “Children are now exposed to technology as soon as they are born, but it is better if my child engages with technology with a critical understanding rather than becoming a passive user,” said Srivatsa Srinath. He enrolled his four-year-old son Harshil in chess classes in 2018 and in coding lessons this year. Moving beyond the standard coding fare, Divyang recently introduced a course on cryptography. There, eight- and nine-year-olds are taught about cryptocurrencies and encryption using puzzles and platforms like Cryptogram. “We do not believe that every child who enrols in these classes is a future software engineer,” he said. “They could be an artist, a doctor, a painter or a teacher, but what we do believe is that the coding and computational thinking will help them in excelling at anything they do in a digitally connected world.” In 2017, Eupheus Learning, an ed-tech startup from Delhi, launched Cubetto, a coding kit for children. Cubetto is a wooden robotic toy, which can be programmed by kids as young as three years. “We have introduced Cubetto at the pre-school level in about 300 schools in India,” said Sarvesh Srivastava, co-founder of Eupheus Learning. “Cubetto’s innovation is the block-based coding language designed for children in pre-literate years. It is a coding solution without screens that teaches the basics of programming to toddlers.” Both parents and educators believe that in a country like India, where the education system grapples with lack of innovation, infrastructure, and archaic curriculum, coding is a well-structured way to introduce children to logical thinking and problem-solving. This also prepares them for a job market dominated by data science and computer sciences. Raspberry Pi Foundation, a UK-based charity that promotes the study of computer science education in schools, has started Code Clubs and CoderDojo programmes in India. The idea is to help schools and communities with limited resources to conduct programming workshops for children and create a level playing field. But is there a problem with kids as young as three or four learning to code? Holistic upbringing Latha Madhusudan, principal and co-founder of Prakriti Waldorf Kindergarten in Bengaluru, which promotes the idea of “natural intelligence,” and “stress-free schooling,” believes that we do not need more machines to teach our kids how to handle life. “A child’s inner perspective is built by his interactions with the outside world,” said Madhusudan. “The physiology of the child requires the development of both fine and gross motor skills. The child achieves this by spending time playing and using his limbs and body to gain control of his system. Those are the skills that will wire the brain. Introducing technology at an early age will take that away from the child and compromise the physiology forever.” There is already evidence of technology rewiring our brain and altering our bodies. Critics believe that shrinking attention spans and increasing mental health issues call for a holistic and mindful upbringing of children. As much as they need to adapt to a changing world, they deserve a chance to live their childhood like nothing else but children. Rishi’s mother Recheshwari Shiv is aware of the balance required. “Rishi gets bored of everything very soon. He wants to explore new games and new things on the computer every day, but I make sure he interacts with the outside world and his screen time is not more than two hours a day,” she said, as she got him ready to go out and play with his friends. This post first appeared on We welcome your comments at
Sepals space the exterior parts of a flower that safeguard the interior flower while that emerges. Sepals are frequently green and leaf-like, together they are in reality modified leaves, however it is feasible for them come be virtually any color depending ~ above the type of plant. The sepal is the an initial part the the flower to grow, developing at the uppermost end of a stem. The sepal create a bud around the arising flower, and its an essential responsibilities are to protect the flower together it grows and also prevent that from drying out. Not all flowers have actually sepals, and also in part cases, the sepals room modified into bracts that surround the flower. Castle are often brightly colored, and in countless cases, the bract draws an ext attention 보다 the flower itself. You are watching: What is a filament in a flower Petals exist to draw pollinators to the flower. That is for this reason that castle are frequently brightly colored, showy, and of exciting patterns and also sizes. The petals together form what is known as the corolla of the plant. Petals are most likely the component of the flower that has actually most sports from plant to plant. Not just do they differ in color, size, and shape, however some petals kind in number of layers come create really full-looking flowers, if others show up to not have actually separate petals, however instead space one hard petal. The stamen is the masculine reproductive body organ of a flower. Every stamen contains two main parts. The filament is the lengthy cylindrical tendril part of the stamen, while the anther is a sac the sits in ~ the top of the filament. The duty of the filament is just to hold up the anther, expanding it approximately an accessible part of the flower for pollinators reach, or because that the wind come disperse the pollen. The anther is whereby the pollen is produced, and also each anther consists of many seed of pollen that each have actually the male reproductive cells current in them. Every flower have the right to have just a couple of stamens, or hundreds of them. The role of the stamen is to create pollen and also make it obtainable for pollinators to permit reproduction. Once a pollinator, such together a punishment or a bird, touches the anther the pollen will certainly stick to them, and also then get transported to various other flowers lock visit. This is wherein the carpel come in (Oregon State university Extension). The carpel, which is likewise sometimes referred to as the pistil, is the mrs reproductive organ of a flower. Each carpel is normally bowling pin-shaped, and features a sac in ~ its basic in the center of a flower, and this sac is the ovary the produces and also contains arising seeds, or ovules. Relocating upward, the ovary expand to support a style, the is a tube-like framework leading up to the stigma at the an extremely top. The stigma features a flat surface with a sticky texture, the is best for catching pollen that has actually been transported come the stigma the the flower by wind or pollinating insects and also birds. Upon arriving on the stigma, pollen will certainly germinate to produce a pollen tube under the style. Once it get the ovary sac, the pollen pipe fertilizes the ovules. In ~ this point, pollination is complete. A fertilized ovary swells to protect the emerging seeds and transforms the flower right into a fruit. Inside the fruit, a fertilized ovule i do not care a seed, from that the plant have the right to be sown and an entirely new plant developed (University the Illinois Extension). Other components of a Flower The corolla presents in different way in different types of flowers, however it always makes increase the inner perianth that automatically surrounds the reproductive component of the plant. Typically, the corolla is comprised of a circle of distinct petals, but it can likewise be formed from one hard petal in the situation of petunia. It may additionally be lobed or layered in the instance of some roses, which have the right to be described as double or also triple blooms with numerous layers that petals. The corolla attractive pollinators to the plant with its vivid coloring and interesting scents, except for in the instance of flowers that are pollinated by the wind. Wind-pollinated flowers have not necessary to evolve to entice birds or insects for the survival of the varieties and, therefore, your corollas are often plain or dull. The filament is the slim tubular component of the stamen that extends and also supports the pollen sac at the top. The ovary produces and contains unfertilized seeds. It sit centrally inside the flower at the basic of the carpel. Once fertilized, it is the ovary that establishes into the fruit of the plant. Ovules are included within the ovary, and in the event of successful pollination, castle will end up being the particle of the fruit. The anther sit at the optimal of the filament that a stamen and also produces and also contains the pollen. A bract works likewise to a sepal on plants that execute not have actually sepals. That is a modified leaf that looks an ext like a petal than a leaf, as it is generally brightly colored and also shaped in different way to other leaves top top the plant. The format is the elongated component of a carpel that joins the ovary come the stigma. It is the tube with which pollen is ceded to the ovary. The stigma sit at the optimal of the carpel, and its project is to capture pollen. It is regularly sticky in texture or includes tiny hair-like frameworks to aid pollen adhere come its surface. A receptacle sit at the height of a stalk under the main part of the flower. The is often enlarged to assistance the load of the flower, or the fruit once it develops. The main duty is to both attach the stalk to the flower and to assistance the flower. A peduncle is the stalk the a flower, or the stem from which a cluster of flowers bloom. A pedicel is the an additional stalk from which flowers grow off the key stem. Only plants that have inflorescence in the kind of swarm or similar will have actually pedicels. A perianth is the scientific term for the parts of the flower that surround the reproductive organs. The perianth deserve to be divided into 2 segments, the within perianth and also the external perianth. The inside perianth is typically composed the the corolla, i beg your pardon is made up of a series of petals. The outer perianth is the calyx, i beg your pardon is commonly made up of sepals. The function of the perianth as a whole is to safeguard the flower as it develops, protect the totally grown reproductive organs, and also to attract pollinators come the flower for the function of pollination and reproduction, ensuring the continuation of the species. See more: Compare The Processes Of Crossing Over And Independent Assortment ? The calyx is the technical term for a team of sepals, leaf-like frameworks that surround and also protect the bud together it develops into a flower.
oak moss Alternate titles: Evernia prunastri Select Citation Style Thank you for your feedback oak moss oak moss Related Topics: oak moss, (Evernia prunastri), species of fruticose (branched, bushy) lichen valued in perfumery for its heavy, oriental fragrance and as a fixative base. It grows in mountainous areas throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. The pale greenish gray thallus, 3 to 8 cm (1.2 to 3 inches) long, is palmately branched, ending in pointed tips. The upper surface is green and warty with pale gray reproductive bodies (soredia). The undersurface is whitish with a faint netlike pattern. A less common species (E. furfuracea), having similar properties, is often included under the same common name, which is a translation of the French mousse de chêne. Oak moss was used in perfumery as early as the 16th century. Baskets filled with it have been found in the ancient royal tombs of Egypt, but whether it was intended for perfume or for food is not known. Oak moss contains a starchy edible substance. A mixture of acids extracted from it is used in drugs for treating external wounds and infections. This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.
She Was an Egyptian Princess We meet Hagar in Genesis 16, where she is introduced as Sarah’s “Egyptian maid.”1 Midrashic tradition tells us that she was actually an Egyptian princess. Seeing how G‑d had miraculously saved Sarah from his clutches, Pharah concluded, “It is better for my daughter to be a maid in their home than a ruler in another."2 Full Story: Sarah in Egypt Her Name Means “Reward” The name Hagar is linked to the Hebrew word agur, which means “reward,” alluding to the tradition that she was Sarah’s reward for her modest and righteous behavior in Pharaoh’s house.3 Upon Sarah’s Suggestion, She Married Abraham Deep into her seventies and still not blessed with a child, Sarah suggested that her husband Abraham live with her maid. In addition to the expectation that a child would be born to Hagar, Sarah also hoped that G‑d would bless her in the merit of her selfless deed.4 Read: Does Judaism Allow Polygamy? Once Pregnant, She Taunted Sarah When she saw how quickly she became pregnant, Hagar reasoned that she must be more righteous than her mistress and made it her business to be vocal about it.5 Sarah acted harshly toward Hagar to the point that Hagar fled into the wilderness.6 An Angel Reassured Her Her first vision took place while Hagar was alone in the desert, near a spring. An angel told her to return to Sarah, however unpleasant it may be, and that she would merit to have many descendants. The angel further assured her that her son, whom she should name Ishmael (“G‑d hears”), would become a wild and powerful man.7 The sages point out that after having lived in Abraham’s household, she was accustomed to seeing angels and did not think it extraordinary.8 She Was the Mother of Ishmael Interestingly, in Scripture we find that it was Abraham who named Hagar’s son9 Ishmael,10 even though the angel had told this name only to Hagar. Read: How Did Ishmael Become a “Jewish” Name? G‑d Saved Her Son’s Life We do not hear about Hagar again for quite some time. When Sarah gave birth to Isaac, Ishmael was already a teen and his unruly nature had come to the fore. Sarah feared he would be a harmful influence on her young son. She wished to banish Hagar and Ishmael, and G‑d told a reticent Abraham to heed her wishes. Abraham rose early in the morning and sent the duo out into the desert with some bread and a pouch of water. When the water ran out, Hagar put the boy under a bush and sat down at a distance, as she could not bear to watch her son suffer. G‑d called out to her, reassured her, and showed her a well, from which she was able to get water for her son.11 Read: Ishmael, Abraham’s Other Son She Took an Egyptian Daughter-in-Law Even after being part of Abraham’s household for so many years, she remained connected to her Egyptian roots, and when it came time to find a wife for Ishmael, she turned to Egypt for a fitting young woman. This is evocative of the folk saying: throw a stick in the air and it will land on its root.12 The Sages Identify Her as Keturah We read that in his old age, Abraham married a woman named Keturah, with whom he had six children.13 The sages tell us that Keturah was one and the same as Hagar. So why was she called by a different name? One explanation is that it is linguistically linked with ketoret, incense, intimating that Hagar’s deeds were as pleasing before G‑d as the incense offered in the Holy Temple. An alternative understanding is that it is connected to the Aramaic word for “knot,” reflecting the fact that she tied her garment and was not intimate with anyone during the time that she was not with Abraham.14 Read: Who Was Keturah and Why Did Abraham Marry Her? Her Soul Returned as Jesse’s Maidservant Jesse (father of David) came from what was then seen as questionable stock, as his ancestress was Ruth the Moabite. In order to distance himself from possible wrongdoing, he distanced himself from his Jewish wife and instead lived with a maid whom he had freed, stipulating that if he was not a kosher Jew, she was to remain a maidservant. Meanwhile his saintly wife desired to be with him and give birth to yet more righteous souls. The maidservant saw the distress of her mistress and invited her to surreptitiously take her place one night. That union produced David, the ancestor of Moshiach himself.15 The selfless actions of the maidservant repaired the misdeeds of Hagar, whose soul she bore, who relished her position as the fertile wife and belittled her mistress, who could not conceive.16 Read: Nitzevet, Mother of David
Scientists find that CSCs induce fibroblasts to generate POSTN required for metastatic colonization. Primary tumor cells migrating to secondary sites induce fibroblasts to generate an extracellular matrix component needed to support metastatic colonization, scientists report. In vitro and in vivo studies by an Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-led team found that production of periostin (POSTN) is required to maintain cancer stem cells (CSCs) that infiltrate distal sites. They say that blocking its function prevented metastases in a well-established mouse model. Describing their results in Nature, Joerg Huelsken, M.D., and colleagues suggest that targeting the formation of CSC-supporting niches may represent a novel strategy against metastastic disease. Their paper is titled “Interactions between cancer stem cells and their niche govern metastatic colonization.” The development of a metastasis is a multistage process that involves a number of rate-limiting steps, and while the dissemination of tumor cells appears to be an early and frequent event, the successful initiation of metastatic growth, or metastatic colonization, is only achieved by a minority of cancer cells that reach distal sites. The fact that cancers metastasize more regularly to some distal sites than others suggests there may be factors lacking in some distant tissues that hamper metastatic colonization, the authors write. To investigate which limiting factors might play a role in metastatic success, they turned to the MMTV-PyMT mouse breast cancer model, which spontaneously metastasizes to the lungs. The team postulated that CSCs might be important for the development of metastatic disease, so they first measured the relative CSC population from primary MMTV-PyMT tumors and their pulmonary metastases using the previously established markers CD90 and CD24. They found that the CSC subset accounted for about 3% of all tumor cells in both primary tumors and metastases. But when either specifically CSC or non-CSC cells isolated from GFP+ tumors were injected into the tail veins of mice, only the CSC population generated lung metastases. Moreover, CD90+CD24+ cells isolated from these pulmonary metastases were the only tumor cell population that efficiently initiated secondary metastases. CSCs also showed marked differences to non-CSCs in terms of proliferation as the metastasis progressed, the investigators continue. When mice were injected with unfractionated tumor cells the total number of tumor cells in the lung declined rapidly within days of seeding, but the relative numbers of CSCs increased within the first and second weeks, to over 20%. The CSCs effectively expanded during the early stage of metastatic colonization, whereas non-CSCs showed reduced proliferation over the first few days after seeding and failed to generate CSCs. “Consequently, only CSCs are able to form metastatic colonies and non-CSCs remain as single cells,” the team states. This supports the notion that it is the selective expansion of CSCs that is responsible for initiating metastases. Even so, not all CSCs will form metastatic nodules, suggesting that additional factors restrict metastatic colonization, the researchers continue. Prior studies have demonstrated that stem cells rely on signals contained in the surrounding stroma, and the Swiss team focused their attention on a fibroblast-produced extracellular matrix component, POSTN, which they identified as a stromal factor of normal stem cell niches and the metastatic niche. The Postn gene is normally downregulated in adults, except in niches that directly contact with stem cells in various tissues. However, the authors found that in tumors, POSTN was produced by αSMA+VIM+ fibroblasts and was also induced in lung stroma by infiltrating cancer cells. POSTN wasn’t, however, found in the lung tissue of tumor-bearing mice without metastases. Interestingly, human breast cancer patients also demonstrated stromal POSTN expression in some three-quarters of lymph node metastases. Significantly, in their experimental breast cancer mice, knocking out POSTN (MMTV-PyMTPostn-/- animals) resulted in a marked decrease in the number and size of pulmonary metastases to less than 10% of those in control animals, even though primary tumor size and morphology were unaffected. Further analyses focused on identifying tumor-derived factors that might induce stromal POSTN production suggested that primary lung fibroblasts upregulate POSTN in response to TGF-β3 and TGF-β2. The team subsequently found through co-culture experiments that tumor cells can trigger POSTN production and that both CSCs and non-CSCs produce high levels of TGFβ3. inhibiting TGF-β3 activity in tumor cells, meanwhile, blocked POSTN expression and prevented metastasis formation in the experimental mice. The requirement for POSTN by CSCs for metastases was demonstrated by further in vitro tests. The investigators found that CSC cultures couldn’t be established from POST-deficient tumors, whereas adding the protein to mutant tumor cells rescued the formation of sphere formation. Treating wild-type cancer cells with a POSTN-targeting antibody also prevented cancer stem cell maintenance, and CSCs failed to proliferate when co-cultured with POSTN-mutant pulmonary fibroblasts. In lung metastases CD90+ CSCs tended to localize next to stromal niches, whereas lung metastases in POSTN-deficient animals had reduced CSC populations. “Thus, POSTN is an essential niche factor that supports CSC growth during metastatic colonization,” they remark. The team then carried out tandem affinity purification (TAP)-tag enrichment and tandem mass spectrometry to identify the pathways with which POSTN interacts. The results indicated that POSTN binds to Wnt ligands Wnt1 and Wnt3A and boosts Wnt signaling activity. Wnt is known to control stem cell maintenance in a range of tissues, including tumors, and the team showed that Wnt signaling was concentrated in the CSC population in vivo. In vitro, the addition of WNT3A was sufficient to rescue stem cell expansion in the absence of POSTN. “We suggest that the education of stromal cells by infiltrating tumor cells is an important step in metastatic colonization and that preventing de novo niche formation may be a novel strategy for the treatment of metastatic disease,” the authors conclude. “Targeting this metastatic niche promises to be less sensitive to rapid genetic changes in cancer cells and may not only prevent metastatic colonization but may also interfere with the survival of disseminated, dormant cancer cells.”
Why Cats Bites Can Cause Serious Injury to Humans Live Beyond 9 Lives banner Every cat lover, at one point or another, has dealt with kitty scratches or even the dreaded cat bite. While typically scratches aren’t cause for concern, cat bites are a different story. Even playful “love bites” can lead to serious infections when they break the skin, even when it’s your own cat. All bites, no matter the cat’s history or vaccination status require medical attention. So what is it that makes cat bites so serious? Because cats have extremely sharp teeth, their bites penetrate the skin easily and cause small but deep wounds. The bites can even be so deep that they damage a victim’s nerves, tendons and bones. Additionally, these deep almost pin prick like wounds allow bacteria that is trapped in the cat’s mouth to travel to joints and tendons harboring infection. Why happens if a cat bite is left untreated? Infection rates are higher in bites left untreated. The surface lesion from a cat bite generally scabs over quickly, sealing bacteria from the cat’s mouth inside the wound, where it can multiply and lead to an infection. Depending on the location and depth of the bite, the bacteria may even spread to the surrounding tissue, resulting in a condition called cellulitis. And in some cases, the bacteria can spread through the blood to other areas of the body and cause septicemia or blood poisoning. What are the first steps you need to take when a cat bites you? You should wash out the wound under running water immediately. Don’t use strong disinfectants, as these may delay the healing process. A better way to sterilize the wound is by using a mild salt water solution made up of one teaspoon of salt and 500 ml of water. If there is excessive bleeding after washing out the wound, apply direct pressure to it and seek immediate medical attention. Infections caused by cat bites usually develop between 24 and 48 hours after the bite if it is left untreated. An infected bite will be red, swollen and painful. Minor infections will generally require a course of oral antibiotics, whereas more serious cases will be treated with an IV drip. Be especially cautious of bites near joints, especially in your fingers as these tend to swell more. Regardless of the severity or consequences of the bite, make sure to call your general physician or visit the emergency room as soon as possible! Please don’t wait to call the doctor if you have been bitten by a cat! What will happen to the cat? In most states, the physician is required to report the cat bite to the local department of health. If the cat’s vaccinations are up-to-date, it might be placed under a home quarantine for a week. If its rabies vaccination is not current, the quarantine period will be even longer or may require additional precautions. Make sure to look up your state and local county’s laws regarding cat bites and quarantines for more specific information. Recent Stories Subscribe to our mailing list
noun: the physical state of something. noun: a mode of being or form of existence of a person, thing, state or function. A condition is described by a set of interlocking variables such as Russell's eighteen dimensions. "The positive vibrations are the radiating or propulsive, the negative vibrations are the ones that are attracted towards the neutral center. The action of the magnetic flow is dual in its evolutions, both attractive and propulsive. The sound vibrations of themselves have no power whatever to induce dissociation, even in its lowest form. Certain differential, dual, triple and quadruple chords give introductory impulses which excite an action on molecular masses, liquid and gaseous, that increase their range of molecular motion and put them in that receptive state for sympathetic vibratory interchange which favors molecular disintegration, then, as I have shown, the diatonic enharmonic is brought into play, which further increases the molecular range of motion beyond fifty percent of their diameters, when molecular separation takes place, giving the tenuous substance that is necessary to induce progressive subdivision. This molecular gaseous substance, during its evolution, assumes a condition of high rotation in the sphere or tube in which it has been generated, and becomes itself the medium, with the proper exciters, for further progressive dissociation. The exciters include an illuminated revolving prism, condenser, and colored lenses, with a capped glass tube strong enough to carry a pressure of at least one thousand pounds per square inch. To one of these caps a sectional wire of platinum and silver is attached; the other cap is attached to the tube so screwed to the chamber as to allow it to lead to the neutral center of said chamber." [Snell Manuscript - The Book, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS, page 6] "I have been repeatedly urged to repeat my disintegrations of quartz rock, but it has been utterly out of my power to do so. The mechanical device with which I conducted those experiments was destroyed at the time of the proceedings against me. Its graduation occupied over four years, after which it was operated successfully. It has been originally constructed as an instrument for overcoming gravity, a perfect, graduated scale of that device was accurately registered, a copy of which I kept, I have since built three successive disintegrators set up from that scale, but they did not operate. This peculiar feature remained a paradox to me until I had solved the conditions governing the chords of multiple masses, when this problem ceased to be paradoxical in its character. As I have said, there are no two compound aggregated forms of visible matter that are, or ever can be, so duplicated as to show pure, sympathetic concordance one to the other. Hence the necessity of my system of graduation, and of a compound device that will enable anyone to correct the variations that exist in compound molecular structures, or in other words to graduate such, so as to bring them to a successful operation." [Keely] [Snell Manuscript - The Book, MINERAL DISINTEGRATION, page 7] "When the proper impulse is given to induce the rotation with pure alternating corpuscular action, the condition of action become perpetual in their character, lasting long enough from that one impulse to wear out any machine denoting such action, and on the sympathetic stream eternally perpetual. The action of the neutral or focalizing centers represents molecular focalization and redistribution, not having any magnetism associated with them, but when the radiating arms of their centers are submitted to the triple compound vibratory force, representing their mass thirds, they become magnetic and consequently cease their rotation. Their rotation is induced by submitting them to three different orders of vibration, simultaneously giving the majority to the harmonic third." (Keely) [Snell Manuscript - The Book, DISTURBANCE OF MAGNETIC NEEDLE, page 8] "I find in my researches, as to the condition of molecules under vibration, that discordance cannot exist in the molecule proper; and that it is the highest and most perfect structural condition that exists; providing that all the progressive orders are the same. Discordance in any mass is the result of differentiated groups, induced by antagonistic chords, and the flight or motions of such, when intensified by sound, are very tortuous and zigzag; but when free of this differentiation are in straight lines. Tortuous lines denote discord, or pain; straight lines denote harmony, or pleasure. Any differentiated mass can be brought to a condition of harmony, or equation, by proper media, and an equated sympathy produced." [Keely and His Discoveries, Chapter VII] "All matter in this universe is but differently conditioned motion simulating light, and all differences in condition are pressure differences." [Walter Russell, The Secret of Light, pages 168-169] See Also 01 - Symbols and Conditions of Vibratory Streams 05 - Chart Showing the Conditions Governing the Transmittive Link of Sympathy 06 - Chart Showing the Conditions Governing the Discordants 07 - Chart Showing the Conditions Governing Harmonious Chords 11.13 - Dominant Conditions are Mated Opposing Pairs as Fifths 16.24 - Triune Vibratory States or Conditions Figure 8.8 - Polar States or Conditions as Seeming Opposites Lorentz Gauge Condition Sympathetic Conditions Created by Dale Pond. Last Modification: Saturday October 16, 2021 04:16:10 MDT by Dale Pond.
How do I get rid of the pain in my heel? How do I get rid of the pain in my heel? How can heel pain be treated? 1. Rest as much as possible. 2. Apply ice to the heel for 10 to 15 minutes twice a day. 3. Take over-the-counter pain medications. 4. Wear shoes that fit properly. 5. Wear a night splint, a special device that stretches the foot while you sleep. 6. Use heel lifts or shoe inserts to reduce pain. What is the reason for heel pain? Common causes of heel pain include obesity, ill-fitting shoes, running and jumping on hard surfaces, abnormal walking style, injuries and certain diseases. Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the ligament that runs the length of the foot, commonly caused by overstretching. What deficiency causes pain in heel? Inadequate vitamin D can lead to osteoporosis, increased risk of falls, fractures and bone and muscle pain. In the foot and ankle, stress fractures of the metatarsal bones and ankle may be seen in those with vitamin D deficiency, as well as generalized foot pain. What causes aching heels? The most common causes of heel pain are plantar fasciitis (bottom of the heel) and Achilles tendinitis (back of the heel). What causes pain in the heel and Achilles tendon? What Is Bursitis: Retrocalcaneal bursitis is inflammation of a small fluid filled sac (bursa) that sits between the heel bone and Achilles tendon Causes: Repetitive friction on the bursa usually caused by muscle tightness and weakness or a sudden increase in activity levels What causes numbness and pain in the heel? Similar to carpal tunnel syndrome in the hand, tarsal tunnel syndrome can cause heel pain. In addition, other nerve symptoms such as numbness and tingling can occur in people who have this condition. Stress Fractures: Overuse injuries of the bone can lead to stress fractures. What causes pain in the sole of the foot? The plantar fascia is a thick band of tissue on the sole of the foot. Damage to it is the most common of all foot heel pain causes affecting 1-in-10 people What Is Plantar Fasciitis: Damage and inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of tissue underneath the foot What causes sudden onset of heel pain? The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Sudden onset of heel pain. There are likely to be other possible causes, so ask your doctor about your symptoms. Ganglion. Fractures. Gout. Cysts. Diabetic ulcer. Foot callus. How do I heal my heel? One fast way to heal and get rid of cracked heels is by providing good amount of moisture. Using vitamin E moisturizers is the best treatment to cure dry, chapped and painful heels. Home remedies like honey, olive oil, cocoa butter, avocado will help you to treat your cracked heels naturally overnight. What to do for heel pain? Some useful home remedies for heel pain include rolling the frozen juice can or the cold beverage container under your arch as well as heel of the foot can prove to be soothing. Utilizing the ice cubes for massage on the heels can also help to ease the pain and thus bring down the problems like swelling and inflammation. Why the heel of my foot hurts? Heel pain. Heel pain is most commonly caused by plantar fasciitis, a chronic (ongoing) overuse injury of the thick band of tissue on the sole of the foot, which is known as the plantar fascia.
Catherine Kintzler 1References to music can hardly constitute a decisive point of illumination on the thought of Montesquieu, who contributed no new element to the area. Unlike many of his contemporaries (Fontenelle, Voltaire, Father Castel, the président de Brosses), and even more unlike the following generation which gravitates around the Encyclopédie (D’Alembert, Diderot, Rousseau, Grimm or Jaucourt), Montesquieu had no ambition to write for the lyric theatre; he did not long debate theoretical problems relative to music, nor did he see in music a philosophical field of the first order, and except for a few brief remarks, did not get involved in the musical quarrels although they caused much stir during his lifetime – in particular the quarrel between Lullists and Ramists in 1733 or later the querelle des Bouffons in 1752, episodes that scan an unending comparison between Italian and French music throughout this period. Elsewhere, even if a few texts relate to it, his stay in Italy seems not to have been a determining event in his relationship to music, whereas it was an important moment in his appreciation of the visual and plastic arts, as Jean Ehrard has shown in his Montesquieu critique d’art. 2Rather the opposite appears to be the case: from the fact of its intellectually modest place, although quantitatively not negligible, this reference attests to the standard relation of enlightened minds to musical questions at the time, and shows that these questions, far from being technical or regional, had a general scope which no philosophical mind could neglect and which exceeds the field which we now call “esthetics”. 3Four points of explicit encounter between Montesquieu and music deserve to be poitned out. 41. Certain remarks belong to a classic humanist usage of musical reference, relative to the public, political, moral and ideological function of music among the Ancients (Montesquieu’s library at La Brède contains the abbé de Châteauneuf’s Dialogue sur la musique des anciens: Catalogue, no. 1690). In chapter 8 of book IV of L’Esprit des lois, Montesquieu wonders about the importance of music as a political institution among the Greeks, attested as well by Plato as by Aristotle. He explains it by the necessity of giving the citizens an occupation that will temper the too exclusively warlike education they would otherwise have received: the role of music was thus to “make people more gentle”, and is more appropriate for that because, “of all the pleasures of the senses, there is none that corrupts the soul less”. Here Montesquieu takes up one of the themes of the moral powers of music, a theme that was then part of the general problematics of the quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns. It is used by the partisans of the Ancients in their praise of enthusiasm and poetic inspiration, and repeated later by Rousseau in his Essai sur l’origine des langues. A critique of this thematics is to be found in abbé Terrasson’s Dissertation critique sur l’“Iliade” d’Homère (Paris : F. Fournier, 1715, part III, section 2, ch.1), which prefigures Hume’s ironic remarks about the overevaluation of ancient works, all the more important that they are less well known. In his Commentaires sur “L’Esprit des lois” (1778), Voltaire remarks that the meaning of the term “music” was very broad in Antiquity. (exact reference in OCV, t. 80B, 2009)? 5One can also classify in this first category the remark that figures in chapter 2 of book XIV of L’Esprit des lois: the same music has different effects on people living in opposite climates (here the English and Italians) – it is still a question of considering music not in itself but considering its effect and situating its social function. Finally, item no. 1050 of the Pensées, repeating the thematics of the power of music among the Ancients, opposes an “imperfect” music, but one that moves, to a more sophisticated music that pleases without moving. 62. On the subject of the interest that could have led Montesquieu to the very important developments of acoustic and musical theory of his time (punctuated by the work of Joseph Sauveur in 1711 and then the theoretical work of Rameau between 1722 and 1737, continued in 1752 by D’Alembert’s Éléments de musique), we have found no direct evidence. But the catalogue of the library at La Brède allows us to form an idea of it: of the six works classified under the rubric Musici, three deal with theoretical questions, in particular Rameau’s Traité d’harmonie (1722) which could not have been acquired during Montesquieu’s life (Catalogue, no. 1694). As Catherine Volpilhac-Auger points out in the introduction to the Catalogue de la bibliothèque de Montesquieu, “it is too little for us to conclude that Montesquieu was interested in musical theory, enough for us to be sure he was not indifferent to it.” (Catalogue, p. 22). 73. The remarks situated in the musical esthetic debates, laconic and scattered, are nonetheless precise and often very perceptive. 8His stay in Italy allowed Montesquieu to opine on the comparison, then continual, between Italian and French music. In a letter to Bonneval dated 29 September 1728, he mentions an evening at the opera in Milan. If Montesquieu shares the general disapproval of the French regarding the uses of castrati (Pensées, nos. 388 and 1141), he explains it by strictly esthetic reasons: the voices are too uniform and have no other function than adaptation to a type of singing. Moreover, he confesses to having been struck by the seductiveness and versatility of Italian melody: “Italian music is more flexible than French music, which seems stiff. It is like a more agile wrestler. One enters the ear, the other moves it.” 9The parallel between Lully and Rameau also is taken up (Pensées, nos. 1204 and 1209), though very briefly: Lully is compared to Racine and Rameau to Corneille: “Lully makes music like an angel, Rameau makes music like a devil”: this remark may be relative to the debate provoked by Rameau’s first opera, Hippolyte et Aricie, performed in 1733 by the Royal Academy of Music (see the Mercure de France of May 1734). 104. It is on the subject of opera, considered as poetic work, in other words as theatre, that Montesquieu shows the most interest and develops his thought more. Two passages, fragment 119 of the Pensées and a brief passage in the chapter “Pleasure based on reason” of Essay on Taste (OC, t. IX, p. 513, variant ll. 28-29) expose the fundamental principles of French opera. 11The fragment from the Pensées takes up questions of morphology. Following the argumentation earlier developed by Perrault (in his Critique d’“Alceste” in 1674), Montesquieu underscores the modern character of the lyric genre; he notes its enchanting finality (as had La Bruyère in §47, “Des ouvrages de l’esprit”, in Les Caractères) and recalls that the gallant plot comes first in lyric tragedy (as Boileau had also remarked in his Satire X but for critical reasons): it is moreover in his eyes the reason that allowed certain poets to enjoy a success that was refused them by theatrical tragedy, reserved for a rougher genius. 12The end of the chapter “Pleasure based on reason” in Essay on Taste (OC, t. IX, p. 514, variant ll 37 sq.) takes up a more specifically philosophical question about the supernatural underpinning proper to French opera (as opposed to Italian opera, which more willingly makes use of historical action). Montesquieu concedes his preference for the former and advances an argument that for us takes the form of a paradox. Indeed, judged by the criterion of usual historical and natural verisimilitude, the supernatural action proper to the opera is certainly unrealistic, but beyond the fact that it does not exceed the general laws of verisimilitude transposed to the domain of fable, this supernatural property itself assures a realistic function since it makes it possible to legitimate the recourse to music, to song and dance. Making Cæsar sing shocks verisimilitude, making Mercury sing does not: “Because of the supernatural, the disadvantage of song is lessened”. In other words, the supernatural naturalizes and justifies the intervention of music. But what is a paradox to our eyes was one in no sense for contemporaries, as attested by numerous texts that develop the rationality and regularity of the relationship between the supernatural and verisimilitude (notably Mably, Dubos, Batteux – Marmontel was to give (in 1778?) a synthesis in the article “Vraisemblance” in the Supplément to the Encyclopédie). There again, Montesquieu demonstrates no originality, but the reflection presents a concentrated version of a whole aspect of classical thought. Montesquieu was able to attend performances at the Royal Academy of Music (the Paris Opera) during his stays in Paris (notably at the creation of the major operas of Rameau, Hippolyte in 1733, Les Indes galantes in 1735, Castor et Pollux in 1737 or Dardanus in 1739). He was able also to read a large number of poems written for the lyric theatre: in addition to the works of Quinault, the catalogue of the library at La Brède includes eleven volumes of the Recueil général des opéras représentés par l’Académie royale de musique depuis son établissement published by Ballard from 1703 to 1745 (no. 2105 in the Catalogue), as well as a collection of poems of Italian (no. 1983) and French operas (nos. 2106 and 3256). 13To these four occurrences we should add a curious element. It is known that The Temple of Gnidus was imitated in verse by several poets after Montesquieu’s death (notably Léonard and Collardeau). But in 1741 the Royal Academy of Music presented an act of ballet put into music by Roy (one of the rare musicians quoted by Montesquieu: see Pensées, no. 119 – but in fact by his son) on a poem in the pastoral genre entitled The Temple of Gnidus or the price of beauty, written by Bellis. Despite its brevity (eight pages in-12°) and its extreme inadequacy, this poem is visibly inspired by the reading of Montesquieu’s work, from which it takes the character Thémire and the episode of the beauty prize. Texts contemporary to Montesquieu Charles Perrault, Critique de l’Opéra ou examen de la tragédie intitulée “Alceste”, Paris: Barbin, 1674 (critical ed. by Buford Norman, Geneva: Droz, 1994). Jean Terrasson (abbé), Dissertation critique sur l'Iliade d'Homère, Paris: F. Fournier, 1715. Jean-Baptiste Du Bos (abbé), Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et sur la peinture, Paris: Mariette, 1719 (2nd ed. augmented: Paris: Pissot, 1733; Paris: ENSBA, 1993). François de Châteauneuf (abbé), Dialogue sur la musique des anciens, Paris: Pissot, 1725. Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (abbé), Lettres à Madame la marquise de P*** sur l’opéra, Paris: Didot, 1741. Bellis, Le Temple de Gnide, a pastoral first performed by the Royal Music Academy on 31 October 1741, Paris: Ballard, 1742. Recueil général des opera représentés à l'Académie Royale de Musique depuis son établissement, Paris: Ballard, 1703-1745. Charles Batteux (abbé), Les Beaux-Arts réduits à un même principe, Paris: Durand, 1746 (Paris: Aux amateurs de livres, 1989). Studies and commentaires Robert Shackleton, “Montesquieu et les beaux-arts”, Atti del quinto Congresso internazionale di lingue et letterature moderne (1951), Florence, 1955, p. 249-253. Jean Ehrard, Montesquieu critique d’art, Paris: PUF, 1965 Desgraves Louis, postface to Essai sur le goût, Paris: Payot-Rivages, 1993, p. 79-80; Chronologie critique de la vie et des œuvres de Montesquieu, Paris: Champion, 1998. Michael O’Dea, “Montesquieu et la musique de son temps”, Du goût à l’esthétique: Montesquieu, Jean Ehrard and Catherine Volpilhac-Auger ed., Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2007, p. 47-60. Bibliographical reference Kintzler Catherine , “Music”, translated by Philip Stewart, in A Montesquieu Dictionary [online], directed by Catherine Volpilhac-Auger, ENS Lyon, September 2013. URL:
Garden Vegetable Calories List While deciding which vegetables to grow in your ‘survival garden’, among the many things to consider might be the number of calories that you will get in return for the vegetables that you choose to grow. During a time when you’re literally growing a vegetable garden to seriously help cut the grocery bill and/or ‘to survive’, it will be especially important to maximize your caloric return for your time and effort. When it comes to survival & level 4 preparedness (self sufficiency), your gardens will need to produce calories. Lots of vegetables are low in calories, but there are some which carry a fairly good load. Note: This was originally posted during 2015 however I’m re-posting for your benefit and renewed comment. All quantities in the vegetables list below have been normalized to 100 grams (3.5 ounces or about 1/4-pound) so as to compare properly. That said, some of the foods are not typically consumed in these amounts – however the results will let you know where they are with regards to calories. Note: Nutrition is not accounted for in this list. The food calorie data for each item was determined based on the common method of consuming the item (some are consumed raw whereas others are typically boiled, etc..). Number Of Calories In Vegetables (CHART – GRAPH) List Of Vegetables And Their Calories Normalized to 100 grams (3.5 ounces, or about 1/4-pound) Beans, Pinto, Navy (143 calories) Yams (116 calories) Potato (86 calories) Corn (86 calories) Peas, Green (84 calories) Sweet Potato (76 calories) Parsnip (71 calories) Grapes, Concord (67 calories) Blueberries (57 calories) Squash, Acorn (56 calories) Raspberries (52 calories) Kale (50 calories) Beets (44 calories) Onion (42 calories) Peas, Snap (42 calories) Carrots (41 calories) Peppers, Chili (40 calories) Brussels Sprouts (36 calories) Broccoli (35 calories) Beans, Green, Snap (35 calories) Eggplant (35 calories) Cantaloupe (34 calories) Strawberries (32 calories) Leeks (31 calories) Chives (30 calories) Peppers, Jalapeno (29 calories) Basil (27 calories) Collard Greens (26 calories) Peppers, Sweet (26 calories) Cauliflower (25 calories) Spinach (23 calories) Okra (22 calories) Turnip (22 calories) Cabbage (22 calories) Asparagus (22 calories) Rhubarb (21 calories) Pumpkin (20 calories) Peppers, Bell (20 calories) Tomato (18 calories) Zucchini (16 calories) Radish (16 calories) Lettuce (15 calories) Cucumber (15 calories) Celery (14 calories) As most of you know, in general, vegetables are not very calorie dense (with some exceptions – potatoes, etc..). However when considering a ‘survival garden’, suddenly we are concerned about calories – to maximize the garden’s output based on not only diversification of nutrition and the things that you ‘like to eat’, but it will become important to consider calories (as in ‘survival’ mode). The Vegetable Gardener’s Bible, 2nd Edition What’s your opinion? Are you considering the calories that might come out of your garden when you choose what to grow? Related: Frost Hardiness Planting Zones, And Your Growing Season Similar Posts 1. What about bean sprouts and other sprouts? They are one of the quickest growing foods which comes in handy when your garden is taking longer to produce. These can fill in when things are getting lean. 1. I would bet that where the chart says “yam”, it actually means sweet potato. Another plus for sweet potato vs potato is that the leaves and young vines of sweet potato are also edible. 2. what about quinoa? Where would it fit in? Nearly same nutrition as whole milk, loaded w protein, etc. Nuts/fruits? they are all a part of my ‘garden’ which is also in part my yard. Jerusalem Artichokes? (harder to clean and wash than potatoes.) 2. And that my friends is why you don’t want to run off ALL the critters that migrate to the garden. Squirrel, Rabbit, Raccoon, Venison and yes even those flying pest could taste really good in a SHTF situation. Remember were talking survival here. 1. NRP I was just thinking something like that, and also thinking i better start hatching eggs rather than giving em away! Have enough area that i could basicly let them be free range and supplement their diet from the garden, ie,,, i can grow kale easily, they will benefit way more than me from that so grow a bunch for them to eat, real high protein levels and calcium, both things they need for laying. 1. Nailbanger, I did an experiment this past winter with older chickens letting them basically live outside to see how they handled the cold winters here. They did fine and all started laying just fine this spring. They were two and three year old chickens that were being kept to scratch out the garden this spring. They have a lot of natural predators, however, if they can handle this weather, yours would be easy. 1. DAMedinNY The chickens here have only ferrel cats as a sorta predetor, we have wild chickens all over the place, tons of em. Pretty sure i can free range my little flock, am just waiting to move them out till i get my fences sorted out and done. Have enough material together to build several moveable coops, just been streatched for time, volunteered for something i should have just left alone. 2. We now have livestock- a flock of deer that come by for water and whatever bread-crackers etc. I can find. Old Man calls them emergency rations. 3. Yes! The other day 8 NICE wild turkeys walked up through the yard. A shotgun would have garnered at least 3. Some big ol toms were following the hens. I thought yes food. Plus the groundhog we have too. 1. USMBCBG I et groundhog one time. GF brought it home, already prepared by her ex boss. He was experimenting on the old ??¿?? menu. GF -says guess what ur eating? Knowing him….,ahhh lizard, snake, and several way off guesses? Nope. groundhog OMG really? Tuff but edible. Lol 1. Chuckling Joe c your girlfriend seems adventurous be happy. If you remove the scent glands and process Ground Hog properly you slow cook it and it is delicious. In the older cookbooks (pre 1900’s) it would be called “Whistle Pig”. The last one I ate was two years ago just before I rebuilt my raised bed garden with hardware cloth under it. He ate a LOT of my sweet potatoes BUT I had enough sweet potatoes to cook with HIM. 1. NHM Sounds like a good meal? U eat my food, I eat u Ahh GF IS adventurous, I tought.her well. At one time she was on the other side of the fence. Most of the time she out smarts me!……and corrects me (Shhhh, our secret. Don’t let her know I said as such.😀) 3. That is why we culled a large portion of the tree’s growing on our property, to give the nut producing tree’s a chance to thrive and attract more wild life. We have acorns, pig nuts, and tons of black walnuts. This way we don’t have to worry about keeping animals and protecting them. The wildlife will take care of themselves but they will be close by for harvesting. 4. not a veg, but usually easy to grow, Sunflowers..high in calories, high in protein/nutrients/oils other suggestions for something similar to Sunflowers? 1. Sunchokes (or Jerusalem Artichokes). They look just like sunflowers, with a smaller flowerhead. They also produce a potato-like tuber that is quite good used like potatoes. They are perennials, so you don’t have to replant every year. It has 110 calories per cup. 2. Anon, I grow gandule beans AKA pigeon pea, is a staple in many third world countries, is a perennial, bean is real similar to a soy bean in eating quality, can be boiled and eaten green as well as the dry beans cooked in a similar fashion to regular dry beans and is widely used ground into a flour to make various flatbread/tortilla style breads or whatever you would call them. Can also be ground and used as an animal food, most areas where its prevalent are so poor though that they are entirely consumed by the human population. Not so sure how winter hearty they are though, here at lat 21. Something ish they are easy to grow as we dont freeze 5. While reading this excellent article I remember reading one from someone from I believe it was Kasicstan(sp)but maybe I got my “stans” mixed. He said the reason that Russia was able to starve the Ukrainians was their main crop was wheat & the Russians could load it up in box cars & move it to Russia even in winter Whereas this fellow said his countries main product was potatoes & you can’t move them in winter in a box car as they will freeze & be useless. Therefore they didn’t starve. I thought this was useful information for us in northern climates. They do have a good calorie count & if unpeeled quite a good vit. tally too. One needs to think of as many angles as they can when preparing. 1. Several ways to freeze potatoes. Blanch them, partially cook them, use vinegar to coat them. Frozen potatoes at the store aren’t completely cooked. Makes for a good story from an older generation. Old folks, some of them anyway, have a lot of wisdom. The Foxfire books are a printed example. Well worth reading. 1. and also you can string your green beans together and hang to dry. In the Foxfire book they call them leather britches. 2. Parsnips would fall into this category also. They taste better when held in the cold ground. The turnips I tried tasted better when young so holding in ground didn’t help flavor but would probably help in survival mode. 6. Put your potatoes in a CAN…not a freezer. Same with all your garden produce of high value foods. Get a bunch of canning jars from Walmart and fill them. Keep them in their original boxes and stack them. No cooking. No refrigeration. No power consumption. Easy transport. Have your sacks of rice, but can your Beans. Can the various sauces which you will use to flavor your rice. Forget the freezer, refrigerator, or ice box. 1. I would love advice on canning potatoes, white and sweet. Would you give the short version for canning? Do you dice or leave in large chunks, raw pack or cook first? Thank you so much! 1. NRP Thanks for the link, Have heard of canning sweet potatoes but always thought regular spuds were a no no, guess that was another myth some butthead was pushing on another site 2. I can my potatoes in home made chicken broth. This makes an excellent start to potato soup. I throw in what ever I have, onions, spinach, brocc, all such from the garden. A little butter/flower thrown in for a thickening agent. salt/pepper to taste. cheese if ya have it. 1. There are lots of recipes for canning potatoes on the net. Canning potatoes is really easy. I suggest using CANNING SALT…which can be bought in any grocery store…instead of normal stuff…when doing so. I also suggest getting a PRESSURE CANNER, which will allow you to CAN chicken, ham, beef, pork..etc. Canning is not hard. Try making strawberry jam, or blueberry jam, for example. Can your favorite pasta sauces..soups and stews. Nothing easier than canning chicken! Buy thighs and legs on sale. Skin the pieces. No need to de-bone. Then stuff the raw chicken into the jars. You can stack thighs in a jar, like poker chips..and stick legs into a jar packed like sardines. Put on the lids finger tight..then put in your pressure cooker and bring it to 11 psi for 90 minutes. The chicken cooks in the jar, produces a rich broth, and is tender and flavorful. Eat right from the jar (can) or make great chicken salad, or dump on your RICE, letting the broth add flavor. Cheap, fast, good. YOU decide what goes into the CAN. It is YOUR recipe, tailored to your tastes. Why face the end of the world with bad food? 1. be careful about giving advise on canning. You way will work fine at sea level to 1000 feet. If you can chicken at 11 psi where I live you would most likely kill people. At 4000 feet I need to can at about 13-14 psi. 1. Yeah. I live in Florida. The only things living lower than me have gills. 2. All good advice! Thanks. I will pull out my canning books. I’ve got several bucket fulls of sweet potatoes that I need to can. Given away a bunch, and we’ve eaten a lot! Time to can. 3. They are so easy to can. Chunk them heat them in water, put them in quart jars and add new hot water. You really don’t need salt. You can salt them later. You do have to pressure can them. It is a piece of cake. I do peel them first but I know some people don’t. I just read the site NPR suggested and salt does not preserve the potatoes when canning. This is from the All American Canner recipe book. When you can the potatoes (same for white, red or sweet) it cooks the potatoes and you have instant potatoes for potato salad. (sometimes they need a few extra min, but not many) 2. Beach’n I’ve been canning potatoes for 40yrs. Raw. wash, slice in to 1in chunks, run through a french fry cutter, put in cold jars, add salt, 1 teaspoon per qt, 1/2 per pint, fill to 1in from top, apply HOT lids, pressure can for pints for 35 mins, qts for 40. Adjust pressure to your altitude, min 10 lbs at sea level. Boil, fry, add to soups and stew, or just heat and eat. 7. This is super helpful. I would like to use this but was wondering what your sources are? 1. @Abigail, there are quite a number of online food-calorie calculators (web-search). I don’t recall exactly which one I used, but I do remember comparing with several to be sure my data was seemingly accurate. 8. You neglected to mention an old southern farm staple… Peanuts are very calorie dense. They are NOT nuts. On the contrary, they are legumes, putting them in the same category with dried beans. However, their high fat content gives them far more calories than dried beans. You can use them in many ways: boiled (goober peas), dry roasted, ground (peanut butter), or pressed to extract peanut oil. The leftovers from making peanut oil can be fed to livestock or dried & used in cooking/baking for human consumption. Another old southern farm staple, though not a veggie, is sugar cane. After the mature canes are pressed for juice to cook down into a syrup, the spent canes are fed to livestock. My recommendation for high calorie survival foods are as follows… (They represent either high calorie foods or foods that can be easily stored for future consumption without needing elaborate measures to preserve.) Dried beans & peas Corn (dent corn, not sweet corn) Sweet potatoes (properly cured) Winter squash Carrots (if you can grow them) Sugar cane Sunflowers & Sunchokes (for the seeds & roots) Cabbage (the long storing varieties) If you grow these in your garden, you’ll have enough calories to survive. However your diet will be rather monotonous & bland. So add flavorful fruits, veggies & herbs in your garden to round out your diet. Don’t overlook the fact that a monotonous diet leads to the possibility of appetite fatigue, especially among very young children & older people. Without variety, they will begin to eat less & this will endanger their health. 1. JL Boiled peanuts are really good, can suck down a couple pounds of salty boiled peanuts easily, good in cooking too, stir fry with celery, hot peppers, chicken, broccoli and whatever else and you have an excellent meal. Peanut butter is a great use too 1. raw peanuts can well too. Canning boiled peanuts recipes on net. We put them, shell and all, in quart jars with salt and water and pressure can. more yummy stuff :) 1. Grandee, canning peanuts that way gives ya a good supply of boiled peanuts for snacking, they end up a little softer but are still real good eating 9. I’m going fishing tomorrow, so I posted this tonight ;) It’s a refresh of an older article, but important with regards to considering the calories that you might need from your garden in a worst-case-scenario (survival mode). That’s why I’m focusing on potatoes this year, and hopefully learn more for high/efficient yield techniques. 1. Never thought about the amount of calories in my garden. We just grow what we like. Fortunately at out climate all the squash and higher calorie veggies grow the best here. But we love those 18 calorie tomatoes! 10. Great article Ken Thank you, Is good to bring a little bigger dose of reality into the conversation, lots o us are either going to have lose weight or are going to eat a hell of a lot of veggies… And lose weight too. Garden is going to be a priority this next few months, project ive been stuck on is winding up finally and will not be leaving the homestead for a while. So, concentrating on growing nutrient dense stuff is going to take on more urgency as ill be relying on it, a bit of a pre run if you will, and an expansion of what im growing or raising and what i do with it, Thanks again, good wakeup 11. Wheat berries are often advertised as edible whole after cooking…any idea of the calorie yield? 1. Jacksoneson to keep with Kens measurements of 100 grams 100 grams of wheat berries are 1/2 cup uncooked and I expect that that would become 1 cup after cooking. It has 327 calories in that cup as well as 13 grams protein per Live strong site. Nailbanger looking at a 2400 calorie diet (guessing hard labor level) and even amounts of wheat berries327 (bread, boiled etc.) beans 143 calories, corn 86 calories and potatoes 86 calories. 327+143+86+86=642 calories for I serving of each. 2400/642=3.75 (rounded up) servings or about 66 ounces of food or a little over 4 pounds of food. Did I do the math correctly? Please advise if I missed something. :-) I am ok with being corrected nicely. I wondered how Vegans get even a minimum 1800 calories daily as that would be 3 pounds (rough math) of vegetables and wheat. I guess Gluten Intolerant are really in trouble :-) The answer I suspect is that cooking oil has 9 calories per gram. Anybody have an idea how to make Cooking Oil post SHTF? I bet keeping pigs and chicken fat will be in favor again! 1. NH Your math appears to be correct. The one variable not addressed by calorie consumption is an individual’s metabolism. Some people can work hard all day needing only 5 to 6 glasses of water without becoming dehydrated, while others need gallons. It is much the same with food, some people digest food more efficiently than others so 1800 calories is sufficient. I am fortunate that I can work well with less food and water (years of hard construction work) and maintain a weight of around 185-190 with a height of 6-1. Also, a weakness for carbs has not resulted in a spare tire. ;) 2. NH MICHAEL ,,,,,canola is easy to press for oil ,does take a press tho ,,,,,,for small scale use you could use a hyd shop press with a section of pipe and a wood ram ,,, it as efficient as a screw press but will work ,,,needs filtered to use for cooking or in a diesel engine ,,,,one acre will make enough for 200gal with a good press ,, 1. Oldhomesteader Why is it we always proof read AFTER sending. Damn auto correct and no reading glasses. 1. Old Homesteader from what I have learned from Bosnia and reading about Venezuela cooking oil is one of the FIRST thing to disappear in a SHTF situation. That acre of Rape Seed oil aka Canola oil would be an awesome trading material. I mean even now what costs more Cooking oil or Diesel fuel aka Kerosene? Also seed cake from the pressing is great high protein animal feed. 1. NH MICHAEL,,,,,been doing ,,,,for 25 -30 yrs ,haven’t seen many places you couldn’t grow canola. ,,,,spent press cake makes cows shine ,there coat just glows. Came home from town to find a new calf this afternoon ,some things in this world still go right ,,,sunshine ,blue sky ,, fresh green grass,,,,and a new baby calf ,,, I normally don’t leave if we’re that close up ,,soooo surprise,,,,,a good Angus heifer most likely a keeper ,, and out of a good mom 2. OldHomesteader Im curious if you know anyone selling a small screw press? Had been looking a while back and only found them through alibaba or sites like that and nothing was available in CONUS Had actually been looking at one to press caster bean and canola for diesel fuel, the canola is tough to harvest since we will be doing it by hand but if we are careful the waste works real good for controling nematodes wich is something i have a rough time with. The caster beans grow themselves and actually do good even in dry weather. Are fairly easy to harvest as well, we also have a nut tree called the kukui, or candle nut, real high oil content, the inner nut will actually burn if you light it. All of these things together could make a decent fuel oil. 3. NHM Thats why i like white rice with a big pile of stir fried veggies and meat! Eggs and bread for breakfast Rice and veggies for lunch Salad or soup and bread for dinner 4. NH Michael, yes, the lard hog or American Guinea Hog will once again rule the farmstead. I love our hogs and they could wonder the forest and fields here if needed and would still hang around. Easy keepers, lots of forage and hay, not so much grain. But must fence all creatures out of garden areas. Raised beds work well in this application. Place them around large garden area for fencing. Our wild turkeys replenished the hill these past two years. And yes, we plant nut trees to feed wild livestock as well as our creatures and us. Along with fruiting bushes and trees. 12. Everyone here, I’m a Master Canner, Trained and certified by Washington State University. I can help answer your canning questions. Just ask 13. What is the best pressure canner to use? I am kind of afraid to do it now. Last year several people had accidents while trying to can. I did some veggies. But I am going to admit I have been hesitant to do anything else. Is there a superior canner? And by that I mean safer……. 1. All American Canner. I have 2 and I love them, no gaskets to play with. Ken had an article not to long ago on pressure canners. 2. What sort of accident? A $70 Presto or Mirro is just as safe as $300 canner. When a canner is locked and loaded there is no jeopardy. 1. Texasgirl, I would honestly take those sort of stories with a grain of salt, most of them dont mention the idiot factor. As long as you carefully go over your canner and pay attention to what your doing you will be fine. All American canners are excellent, best you can buy, dont be afraid to get the best! 1. I actually knew the people it happened to. It was people in our small town. It was weird that it happened to two people in like 2 weeks. But your right they could have done something wrong or not paid attention, I am not sure on that. All I know is they had canned before and it was a surprise and unexpected. The talk of the town. 2. Texasgirl, Heat needs to be brough up slowly when canning. It produces better seals, w/ less boil over. Many people decide they are going to start canning and decide they are in a hurry. following instructions and tips will get you canning safely and effectively. I started canning about 4 years ago. I started with veggies… but meats are the same process. I sometimes cold /raw pack and sometimes hot/ pack . it depends on the day and what i have to work with. Be sure you have sufficient water in the canner to serve with full don’t want to be adding water after jars and product is heated, or to run out of water while running steam for prescribed time. I am less than 1000 feet and have a weighted canner. i can meats and starchy veggies the same. 10 lbs pressure,. A full pressure,. pints/75 minutes… quarts are 90 min… The weights do not go bad….gauges are required to be checked at least yearly and I do not have that capability at home. The weighted canner will let off ecess steam and heat can be set for a slow jiggle and less water will be required in the canner- ie less chance of running it dry…. Consider this when buying. when getting any replacement parts be sure to get any extra rubber seals and 2 or three relief valves, If one appears loose better to replace it early., before a failure. 1. JustSayin One thing i like with canning meats is to can pre cooked stuff, like stews etc, the seasonings set better in pressure canned stews and stuff, way more flavorful. Did a nice chicken curry and a yer and some later the flavor was so much more intense it made me think thats the best way to make it! 2. NB, that is how I I like to do meats just seasoned by them with little added so i can go many ways with limited meats. I might use a single jar of chicken for up to 3 meals for the 2 of us.. maybe bbq for him, a soup mix for me, a pasta dish for both of us and chicken and dumplins for 2… That way i can do several things with a single jar, much depends on how hungry we are and what else we have o go with that meal.DH does not like to eat 2 melas the same entree in a row… alternating meats or preparation ways takes care ofpart of that. .I always want to test the recipe first… 3. Texasgirl; A superior canner is the one that is carefully inspected and maintained, Yes the American Canner is nice, very nice, but Pricy. I have an old Presto that’s truly 25-30 years old and is still turning out Canned Goods every year without a hitch, never a problem or “accident”, knock on wood. I have only replaced the Seals and ‘over-pressure’ plug once. There is nada to be scared about Canning, just read the Manuals’, Canning Books, and pay attention, do NOT set it and leave. AND keep your eyes and ears open, some Steam will escape upon normal use, if it’s not, make dang sure it’s not over pressuring, and immediately turn off the heat. Last opinion, start off with the easy stuff, vegetables and the likes, in no time you’ll be doing all kinds of stuff. PS; if you have any doubts on the Cooker, take it to the County Extension Offices or Fire Department, they usually will test the Cooker for you. 4. Texasgirl, Everyone here has given really good advice. Only thing I can add is ‘be patient’. Do not get in a hurry and try and let the steam off of a batch once it is done. Let it take time and cool off naturally and drop pressure. ( if you let off the pressure while it is still real hot and under pressure you will likely break your jars.) I know it all sounds scary, but after you do one or two batches, you’ll have it down pat. 1. Thanks y’all. I just need to have more confidence. The canner I bought was used. I think that’s why I was scared to use it. I will take it to the county extension office and have them check it out for me. Great advice! I think it’s a Presto. So it sounds like it’s a good brand as long as it checks out. I did can a little with my hubby’s grandma. She is like a pro. Her canner is an American Canner I believe. I called her. She said it was passed down to her years ago! It is very heavy duty. I am thinking about saving up and getting one of those. 14. Last year a local grocer had unneeded black plastic folding produce crates on sale for $1 each. I bought two dozen of the ones with 11″ side walls. They measure about 16″ by 24″, with various heights. The 11″ ones make ideal storage for my quart canning jars. Washable, strong, stackable, and there are various depths for different size jars. This was my inexpensive solution to storing jars after the cardboard boxes degrade. I just left a local fruit/veggie stand and the employee said he gave their excess ones away. This may be a solution for other folks canning jar storage. It couldn’t hurt to ask at your grocery/produce stand. If you’re using these for filled jars, be mindful of the weight. 15. Both calories and nutrients are important in ones diet, But which one is the MOST important? 1. SMG and Old Chevy you need calories enough to fuel the work load of your lifestyle with out losing weight (aside from obesity). Generally if your getting your calories from a variety of food stuffs the nutrients should balance out. I do not count Junk Food as food, just a tasty snack at best, life destroying in large amounts. An diet example where calories were good but nutrients were not. Sailors ate salt beef, salt pork, (protein check), hard tack biscuits (carbohydrates check) but shortly after the fresh vegetables and fruit were eaten up (as they did not store well) they suffered from a disease called Scurvy where teeth would fall out, skin break down, all sorts of BAD things over time. Scurvy is a deficiency disease where you lack Vit. C.The British started carrying Limes for daily Vit. C as they stored well and thus even today they British Sailors are referred to as Limeys. Vit. C deficiency (Scurvy) makes your skin and connective tissues break down AND reduces your ability to fight infections. A double whammy of badness. Pine Needle Tea in the early American colonies daily provides a decent amount of Vit. C. Brew the needles in hot water DO NOT boil the needles in the water as this destroys the Vit. C and that’s how you get Turpentine. Interestingly enough several scientific studies had people eating ONLY cooked (boiled, roasted, deep fried) Potatoes (skin on) with a little fat (butter, sour cream, yogurt) for over a year with out ill effects. The obese lost weight but healthy body mass was retained. Potatoes contain a fair bit of Vit. C and protein so I am not surprised. B Vit, deficiency from a diet of mostly corn products was once called the “Southern Disease” Pegelleria (cannot spell it properly today) was really ODD given the same food stuffs of Corn and Beans did not cause it in Mexico. Turns out while Corn has plenty of Vit. B in it the Mexicans used lime treatment or some clean wood ash added to cooking water and that releases that Vit. B. When that knowledge was passed onto the American Southerners, some accepted it and were cured of “Southern Disease” but Cultural Issues of adding dirty ASH to MY Food others continued to suffer. Information does not cure Stupid. Hope this helps. :-) 1. Safety note some Pine Needles are NOT good for you research your local trees as local names and scientific names are often blurred. For example some Hemlocks are poisonous in large amounts. Do your own research friends and if you find some better information PLEASE post it here for us to share. 2. NH Michael Thanks, very good response. I started storing QUALITY nutrition, and just not so much food storage. I was wondering about the difference. Mostly, I grow my own meat and veggies, but I also forage a lot from Mother Nature. Store bought, well, just a little, usually only on sale, like butter, cheese,out of season and area fruit. 16. The value for the beans seemed much too low until I realized that value is for beans after they have been soaked and cooked. The values for the other items are for the food in a form it can be eaten. In terms of amount of calories on the vine or in storage, the line in the graph for beans should be much taller. In other words, 100 grams worth of uncooked, unsoaked dry beans is 347 calories. 1. Thank you DaisyK I was wondering about the low calorie count of beans. I was actually looking at my EE storage pails of beans and pondering if I made a critical error in caloric accounting. Happily your post came dead on what I researched. But volume of food consumed in my posting would stay almost the same. HEY Need more TP!!! :-) 1. Maybe you could do, ( Proof check is not turned on yet, must have more coffee) How was the fishing? 17. I always wonder about the quoted caloric contents of squash. I doubt it includes the seeds which are the most calorie-protein-fat dense portion. Leave a Reply >>USE OPEN FORUM for Off-Topic conversation Name* use an alias
Russian Heritage Program \| Concordia Language Villages Russian Heritage Program The Heritage Program at Lesnoe Ozero is for students who were raised in a Russian-speaking environment and have some command of spoken Russian. The curriculum is specifically designed to focus on the unique needs of these heritage speakers, with the goals of bringing the language of our heritage students closer to that of their grade-level peers in Russia and increasing students’ cultural literacy through art, literature, folk tales, history, music, politics and science. What percentage of the villagers are heritage speakers who are able to talk or read in Russian? The percentage of heritage speakers varies dramatically from session to session. Some years, in some sessions, we have six to 10 out of 30 kids in the heritage program. Sometimes, we have two or three. Our heritage kids do tend to return, but some end up fading out of the heritage program as they get older, if their families don’t maintain the language in the off-season. Most heritage villagers transition from the two-week program into the high school credit program (which also has a heritage track) as soon as possible. Older villagers read literature that is more appropriate for their age level. We have a wide variety of authentic material for a range of heritage proficiencies at this age, so whether our villagers can read easily in Russian or are only orally proficient, we can meet them where they are and help them increase their literacy skills through engaging activities. We may do some practice then with communication that requires the use of those structures. So, for example, if Cheburashka invites Luntikto take a ride on his голубой вагон, but the villager uses идти instead of ехать to describe their travel, and that seems to be a consistent problem, tomorrow’s activity might be a game of charades in which they pick from a deck of cards depicting means of transport and another deck depicting destinations, act out the travel on the cards, and the rest of the class guesses the destination using the appropriate verb. Again, incorrect utterances would be corrected if they were part of the target structure. (So if we’re really working on идти vs ехать we might not always make the villagers repeat “в Москву” if they had incorrectly said “в Москва” or “в Москве.” But if they frequently have this problem, it might be the focus for another lesson!)
About Seesaw Sign Up Teachers, save “Visually Adding Simple Fractions” to assign it to your class. Student Instructions Visually Adding Simple Fractions Count in fractions, Write and color the result. 1. Tap add to begin 2. Use label to answer. 3. Tap the drawing button to show your work. You can use emojis as pictures to help! 4. Tap the rec button to explain your thinking! 5. Tap check to submit. 3rd Grade, 2nd Grade, 4th Grade, Math 2814 teachers like this Students will edit this template:
The Statistics Theory of Sports Statistics theory of sports can be defined as the idea that there are certain probabilities and chances associated with events in sports that are known to happen. The reason why experts in sports tend to discuss this in depth is because this statistical data is used to predict or provide insight into possible events in the future. For instance, a football match is usually played on a Saturday, which makes it a typical statistics theory of sports. In such a situation, the 먹튀검증사이트 show that most of the teams are favorites and their chances of winning are high. However, it also shows that not all the matches played are won by the favorites. The statistics can also show that most of the games are played between teams that are evenly matched. The statistics are thus used to provide information about the likelihood of events occurring in real life. There are many instances when we are all so excited when a particular team wins. It may be because of a number of reasons but one of the most prominent reasons is the feeling of success that we get from the win. However, one of the biggest questions that arises is whether or not the team would have won if it had not played at all. We can use this to our advantage by applying statistics to estimate the expected results based on the current conditions. Statistics thus become very important once you consider the point of view of probability. This is especially true if you are trying to choose a team to root for. We are all aware of what happens when we pick a team but how do we make the right decision? The answer lies in the underlying concept of statistics and the theory of probability. If we want to win an event, we need to put a high amount of our confidence in the team that we are backing. This means that we should take our eyes off other teams and concentrate on the team alone. This is where statistics come in. Statistics can give us a good understanding of the past performances of the team. So by fitting the present expectations with the past data, we can arrive at an informed opinion as to whether a team is likely to win or not. In essence, statistics are nothing but a mathematical tool used to analyze various events. By crunching the numbers, we come to some conclusions about the likelihood of an occurrence. With the help of these conclusions, we can then plan strategies on how to exploit the strengths and weaknesses of the team in order to give us a better chance at winning. Statistics are thus a tool used to predict future performance. Just because a team has a good record in the past does not mean that it will continue to win. In fact, the trend can reverse very quickly so it is best to choose the best team even if it means having to pay a little more. Sports events are governed by the laws of probability. Given this law, a team with a greater chance of winning will naturally gain more support than a team with fewer chances of winning. This is why statistics theory of sports is important. By following it, you can find out which team has more likelihood of winning based on the data available. One of the most common methods for testing out this law is to compare the past performances of the team with the present results. By looking into the statistics of certain players or teams, you can get a rough idea about their current skill level. For instance, players who are new to the team should not be given credit for the current winning streak. Conversely, the experienced players should be given credit for the recent losses. These adjustments should be made according to the current trends so as to prevent the team from getting too big of a fall. Another part of statistics theory of sports is how teams form around a star player. It is said that if a player is extremely talented then his team would inevitably be successful. Similarly, the team with the best player will also have a great chance of success. So in order to build a team that can really win, the star player or team should be given credit where credit is due. Similarly, players who perform below expectations should be benched so as to allow the team to rebuild their confidence and perform at their full potential. When looking at statistics of the team, it is important to be patient and understand the results you are seeing. This is because sometimes a player will play exceptionally well but his team may still fail to win. In cases like these it is necessary to evaluate whether the team has enough players who can play up to his or her potential. More importantly, one should also try to see the overall effect of the star player on the team’s performance so as to determine whether or not he is having an effect on the winning or losing of the game. Related Articles Leave a Reply Back to top button
What are the values of John the Baptist? What do we learn from John the Baptist? What are the Baptist values? • The supreme authority of the Bible in all matters of faith and practice. … • Believer’s baptism. … • Churches composed of believers only. … • Equality of all Christians in the life of the church. … • Independence of the local church. … • Separation of church and state. What is the main focus of John the Baptist ministry? The purpose of John the Baptist’s ministry is to prepare the way for the Lord. His ministry is one which removes obstacles from people’s understanding about how to follow after God. What does John the Baptist symbolize? Saint John the Baptist is represented with a lamb to symbolise his recognition of Jesus as the Son of God. When John baptised Jesus in the River Jordan he said ‘Behold, the Lamb of God’ (John 1: 36). IMPORTANT: When did Scotland become Presbyterian? How did John the Baptist show leadership? John spoke with great power and courage. He told the people that the kingdom of heaven was at hand. He urged them to repent and be baptized for the remission of their sins. As the people listened, many were converted and baptized. Why is the Baptist Church called Baptist? Do Baptists drink alcohol? How do Baptists worship? How much older was John the Baptist to Jesus? How did John the Baptist prepare the way for Jesus? How did John the Baptist prepare the way for Jesus? (He preached a baptism of repentance for forgiveness of sins, symbolic of what Jesus would actually do for us. John persuaded the people to live godly lives in preparation for following Jesus.) IMPORTANT: Where did Mark write his gospel? What does John mean spiritually? The name John is derived from the Hebrew Yohanan, meaning “graced by God.” It is a solid, traditional name that exudes strength, smarts, and kindness. Origin: John is a biblical name, first appearing in its Hebrew form in the Old Testament. What did Jesus say about John the Baptist?
Margaret ThatcherThe former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died at the age of 87 from a stroke, on Monday 8th April 2013. Born Margaret Roberts on 13th October, 1925, the future Mrs Thatcher’s fascination with politics was instilled in her from a young age. Her father, Alfred Roberts, a Methodist lay Preacher was also very involved in local politics and his interest in the subject was a major influence. Lady Thatcher held her position as Conservative Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990, making her the longest serving British Prime Minister of the 20th Century and the only woman to ever hold the title. Known as ‘the Iron Lady,’ a nickname given to her by a Soviet journalist due to her uncompromising political views and leadership style. Thatcher was used to having her share of critics; many of which felt she was a relentless tyrant who advocated an era of greed by taking from the poor and letting the rich become filthy rich, notably by enforcing the poll tax. When the party put into effect substantial cuts, one title that plagued her career was ‘Margaret Thatcher – Milk Snatcher,’ it was given to her after she removed free milk from schools for children over the age of seven. For others, Thatcher’s legacy was a great one and she is considered one of the greatest leaders the country has ever had. She has been credited for the revitalisation of the UK economy, building stronger relations with the US and introduced the free market ideology, which is still in practice today. Speaking of Margaret Thatcher’s passing, Prime Minister David Cameron said: “It was with great sadness that l learned of Lady Thatcher’s death. We’ve lost a great leader, a great prime minister and a great Briton.” To mark her passing and in true BBM style, we’ve put together a few distasteful jokes.
What is a technology, and how does it relate to today’s society? The concept of technology is actually very easy to explain. It simply refers to anything that makes it possible for a man to use machines or even other people for assistance in work or other activities. Technology includes many things such as communication, transportation, farming, energy, medical devices, and so on. We can think of the future of technology as being very similar to the early days of the Internet. What are the top 5 examples of modern technology? Digital Signage: Digital Signage is a form of electronic display that includes graphics, text, and images. This is becoming one of the most popular means for businesses to advertise themselves. It can include video advertisements, billboards, and interactive screens. There are many different uses for digital signs, but it all started with business signs to let people know about business activities. Today, this has become one of the top examples of technology and examples of applications of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Computers: Many people consider computers to be one of the most important examples of modern technology. In fact, the computer came about in the 19th century. It was originally used for calculations, but now people use it for almost everything. Many different types of computers have developed since its introduction, but the four most common types are desktop, laptop, tablet, and personal computer. Nanotechnology: This is another example of a very important technology. It deals with the study of matter at the molecular level. By using special technology, scientists are able to manipulate matter at will, which is why nanotechnology is such an important technology. Artificial intelligence: Some might consider this another example of modern technology. However, artificial intelligence deals more with computers than it does with people. Experts are currently working on ways to create computers that are smarter than humans. Examples of this type of technological development include software like the Microsoft Cognitive Suite, Watson, and the IBM’s Jeopardy system. Other types of artificially intelligent software are also being created all the time. Medical technology: One of the biggest examples of modern technology is in the medical field. Thanks to the technological advances made in medicine, doctors are now able to treat diseases and injuries in a number of different ways. A good example of this is through robotic surgery, which has helped thousands of patients receive the treatment they needed. Another example of medical technology in the medical field includes through diagnostic equipment, which is helping to keep up with the ever changing world of medicine. Many other types of medical technologies are also being developed for the future. The list of examples of modern technology is incredibly long, but it does give you a good idea as to how complicated it can be. Some of the things listed above are bad and dangerous possibilities. Other examples of technological advancement are ones that would benefit mankind in one way or another. Technological progress can sometimes be a good thing, as well as a negative thing depending on how it is used. The next science project you should work on is a comprehensive discussion of all the different types of technologies that have been developed over time. Start by looking at the examples given above and researching them. Then compare and contrast each type of technology with what is already known about science and what technology enables the human species to survive and thrive. Then write an engaging science technology essay that sheds new light on the technologies that have been developed through the ages. Leave a Reply
Bri Stone Certificate Student Teaching and Learning Earth Data Science Natural Hazards Diversity and Inclusion Earth Data Science Corps Flooding on Tribal Lands By Bri Stone, Shana Larwrence, Jesse Joseph A Common Issue Spring of 2019 Tribal Nations in South Dakota suffered from extreme flooding that resulted in road loss, land degradation, and property damage. Most reservations do not have funding or resources to replace or rebuild. In the case of road loss, sometimes that road may be the only route causing the possibility of communities or families to be isolated from resources. Property damage for farmers and ranchers can take years to recover, sometimes resulting in total loss. Creating a reservation wide map that contains high to low risk levels will help the tribe identify areas to design preventative measures rather than reacting to the situation. Additionally, landowners can see what parts of their property are at risk, allowing them to use different mitigation strategies. These reasons indicate why it is important for our team to create a universal code that results in a flooding risk map for utilization by all Tribal Entities. We hope the risk map created by the code will help to minimize the issues of land erosion, road and land loss, property damage, land degradation and loss of sacred sites within each reservation. Prior Work There are several organizations that have created where flood maps for most places of the United States, but their intended use is for insurance. One such organization is FEMA, who creates these maps as part of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Unfortunately when looking at the maps, the information is not very useful to the average person. Another option was with the US Geological Survey (USGS) when they created flood maps that showed the extent of flooding for different flood severities. Although these maps are more intuitive to understand, they are also very hard to find and, in many cases, hard copies are only located in libraries of Universities. The USGS does have some very useful flood information online, but it is limited in scope. The Method Our team derived it’s method from a similar analysis that was used to create an island wide inundation vulnerability map for the island of St. Lucia, located on the edge of the Caribbean Sea north of Venezuela. The distinctive variables (Land use, Soils, Precipitation, and a Digital Elevation Model) implemented in the document generate risk levels associated with flooding. To determine the infiltration rate, soil type and land-use identify the Runoff Curve Numbers (CN). These numbers range from 30 to 100, with 30 being the lowest and 100 having the highest potential for runoff. Land-use categorizes CNs by soil hydrologic units (A-D) so that intersecting soil and land-use layers identify the correct CN. Using precipitation data, daily amounts for mean annual rainfall uses only data for extreme precipitation events because they result in flooding. Finally, horizontal slopes have the capacity for pooling, thus contributing more to flooding. To compensate, slope has a risk levels of one, two, and six instead of three for horizontal gradients are. After determining risk levels of each variable, the summing of the overlapping values to identify the final risk level results in one through six being low risk and anything greater than nine being high risk. Flow Chart Flow Chart from St. Lucia Document As is everyone’s goal when setting out to complete a project, not all come to fruition. In the case of our code, it is about 80% complete due to time constraints resulting in the exclusion of precipitation data. One of the big reasons why precipitation data was not included at this time is due to identifying the correct interpolation method and then implementing. Many reservations have very few rain gauges that continuously collect data. For Standing Rock Reservation in particular there are only three gauges on the reservation. Despite precipitation’s absence, the results with just Slope, Soil, and Land-use are rather interesting. When looking at the intermediate layer of CN Risk, calculated from Soil and Land-use, it would appear that the results are the opposite of expectations. With one indicating low risk and three as high risk, the resulting map was inverse of the expected results. risk level of soil and land use The most likely cause stems from CN value assignments made to the Land-use layer. The information that we were working with did not contain a complete array of CN values for all Land-use types. Instead, the data’s focus was agricultural lands. Additionally the St. Lucia document’s study sight was an island so there is also reason to believe that the reassignment of CN value to Risk Level may need alterations for an inland location. Instead of CN values of less than 40 qualifying for low risk, inland might receive more accurate results with CN values less than 50 qualifying for low risk. We believe the same issue exists for slope data, thus we increased the ranges used in the St. Lucia paper by a multiple of 10. Overall, we are proud of the code that we created as an initial base for the analysis. We believe that the foundation created will enable the continuation of building a code that will be able to take user inputs and export a final map with eases. We cannot guarantee that those who will use the code will have a python background, which is why one of our goals was user ease. Down the line, the incorporation of a simple user interface for the code would be possible. Standing Rock Flood Risk Map Moving Forward The project will require the following work: • Inclusion of precipitation data using interpolation • Identifying a way to improve the Land-use portion of CN values • Verifying that risk ranges for each variable are appropriate • User interface?
Have you ever wondered why the Three Wise Men carried gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh? Gold speaks for itself as a commodity for trading goods, but what about the other two gifts. At that time in ancient civilisation diseases were rampant but the physicians of the day were clever people, using herbs and spices to treat diseases. Amongst these were frankincense and myrrh. Both have continued to be effectively used in Eastern medicine, including Ayurveda. Tibb (Unani) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Research undertaken in China, and published in 2019 in the journal Molecules, identified the benefits of a combination of the resins of frankincense and myrrh. The researchers state “the main chemical constituents of frankincense and myrrh are terpenoids and essential oils. Their common pharmacological effects are anti-inflammatory. In TCM, frankincense and myrrh have been combined as drug pairs in the same prescription for thousands of years, and their combination has a better therapeutic effect on diseases than when used individually. After the combination of frankincense and myrrh forms a blend, a series of changes take place in their chemical composition, such as the increase or decrease of the main active ingredients, the disappearance of native chemical components, and the emergence of new chemical components. At the same time, the pharmacological effects of the combination seem magically powerful, such as synergistic anti-inflammation, synergistic analgesic, synergistic antibacterial, synergistic blood-activation, and so on.” The researchers continue, “Therefore, based on the research value and great prospects of the significant efficacy of frankincense–myrrh compound for various chronic diseases, more in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are needed to verify the synergistic efficacy and safety of the frankincense–myrrh compound. At the same time, it is necessary to make further use of modern drug research methods to develop and utilize active ingredients rationally, develop them directly into new drugs, or design and synthesize more effective new drugs with active ingredients as leading compounds, thus expanding the clinical application of frankincense and myrrh.” The Three Wise Men were indeed very wise. The full research information can be found at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6749531/ Jackie Day ND
10 Famous Marfan Syndrome Personalities This famous Marfan syndrome is an inherited genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue of the body. In general terms, syndrome means a collection of signs & symptoms correlated and often linked with a particular disease or disorder. Connective tissues are responsible for providing support and anchors with the organs and other structures together. They provide strength and flexibility to structures such as bones, ligaments, blood vessels, muscles, and heart valves. Since connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue of the body, it is present everywhere. Marfan syndrome hence can affect many systems in humans. This famous Marfan syndrome can cause dysfunction and abnormalities in the heart, blood vessels, eyes, bones, joints, lungs, skin, and nervous system. Marfan syndrome causes the connective tissues to lack strength due to faulty or unusual chemical makeup. Marfan syndrome is a rare disorder but has an autosomal mode of transmission. If either of the parents has Marfan syndrome, their child has a 50% chance of having Marfan syndrome. However, it is found that in about 25% of cases of Marfan syndrome, the abnormal gene is a result of mutation. (Mutation= change in DNA sequence) . In other 75% of cases, people have inherited Marfan syndrome. Famous Marfan syndrome can be fatal early in life, but an average lifespan can be expected with proper medical care and treatment. History of Marfan Syndrome Famous Marfan syndrome was discovered in 1896 by Dr. Antoine Marfan (after whom Marfan syndrome is named), a French pediatrician. He found this disease in a five-year-old girl with striking, unusual features like very long fingers and limbs. Causes of Marfan Syndrome Marfan syndrome is caused by a defect in the gene that is responsible for making a protein that helps give connective tissue its elasticity and strength. The gene in which the defect occurs is the FBN1 gene. The defect in this gene leads to the underproduction of a protein called fibrillin-1. The defect/ reduction in the amount of fibrillin-1 directly affects the formation of connective tissues. The defect can also lead to an overgrowth in bones, resulting in long limbs and significant height. Famous Marfan syndrome can be either inherited by either parent (75% cases) or can be due to random mutation in the gene even when neither of the parents has the disorder (25% cases). Symptoms of Marfan Syndrome Marfan syndrome is congenital; that is, it is present from birth. However, there are chances that it is not diagnosed until adolescence or young adulthood. The severity of symptoms depends from person to person. Signs and symptoms of this syndrome can vary to a lot of extents. While for some, the signs and symptoms are mild, on the other hand, some can experience life-threatening symptoms. This is because this disorder affects many different parts of the body. People with famous Marfan syndrome have symptoms that include- • Abnormally long arms, legs, and digits • The tall and thin structure of the body • The breastbone protrudes outward or dips inward. That is, the chest sinks in or tends to stick out. • The spine is abnormally curved • Feet are flat • Crowded teeth • The palate is high and arched • Stretch marks are present on the body, which are not related to weight gain or weight loss. • Heart murmurs can be heard through the stethoscope • Extreme nearsightedness (blurring of objects far away) • Lens dislocation (lens dislocates from its normal position to somewhere far away) This famous Marfan syndrome can affect any part of the body. Hence it can cause a large variety of complications. Aorta is a large artery that arises from the heart and supplies oxygen-rich blood to all body parts. People with famous Marfan syndrome are at a high risk of developing severe complications. Different parts of the eyes may also develop problems. The most common is dislocation of the lens. This happens due to weak structures that hold it in its place. People with famous Marfan syndrome are also at risk of detaching the retina from its place or having a tear. The retina is essential for vision. People with Marfan syndrome develop eye problems like cataracts at a much younger age. Famous Marfan syndrome can cause scoliosis in people suffering from it. It also causes problems in the normal development of ribs, which in turn can disturb the breastbone. In turn, the breastbone tends to either protrude out or sink in the chest. Foot pain due to flat feet and back pain is also widespread. An aortic aneurysm is the leading cardiovascular complication that develops in the human body due to Marfan Syndrome. Since Marfan syndrome can weaken the aorta walls, the heart pumps out more blood to the body than usual during pregnancy. Hence, during pregnancy, women with famous Marfan syndrome can have immense stress on the aorta. This increases the risk of rupture or life-threatening aortic dissection. Continuing on the same note, here is a list of the top 10 famous people with famous Marfan syndrome: 1. Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States of America. There have been speculations that he suffered from Marfan Syndrome. These speculations are based on his body build. famous marfan syndrome By Believe Creative/ Flickr. Copyright 2021. He had a lean structure, long narrow nose, long hands and arms, thin chest, hanging shoulders. These all signs point towards Marfan Syndrome. Even his descendants are rumored to be suffering from the famous Marfan Syndrome. 2. Michael Phelps It is not a surprise that Michael Phelps is absolutely the greatest swimmer of all time. But what is surprising is the fact that Michael Phelps is rumored to be one of the famous people with Marfan Syndrome. famous marfan syndrome By Marco Paköeningrat/ Flickr. Copyright 2021. It comes as quite a shock since Michael Phelps has won 18 Olympic Gold Medals and possesses 39 World Records to his name. But his stature shows symptoms of Marfan Syndrome clearly. He is 6’4″ in height, has high mobile knees, has very long arms (an arm span of someone 6’7″), is thin and flexible. 3. Julius Caesar Julius Caesar, one of the greatest rulers, is also the victim of Marfan Syndrome. Asterix comics depict him with long fingers and skinny stature. famous marfan syndrome By J.D. Falk/ Flickr. Copyright 2021. But Julius Caesar didn’t let Marfan Syndrome hold him back from being one of the strongest when it came to being a courageous ruler. His strength knew no boundaries and made everyone bow in front of the mighty power that he held. 4. Osama Bin Laden Osama Bin Laden, listed on the topmost- wanted and leader of Al- Qaeda, made it to the list of people with Marfan Syndrome. The one who caused mass-level destruction all around the world allegedly was suffering from Marfan Syndrome. famous marfan syndrome By 2winTrade/ Flickr. Copyright 2021. There is no definite proof; however, the signs and symptoms of Marfan Syndrome are pretty visible. Long arms, long fingers, narrow, elongated face all point out in one direction. Apparently, he had difficulty when it came to walking or sitting for too long as well. 5. John Tavener John Tavener, a British composer, was famous for his commendable work like “Song for Athene,” “The Whale.” He was diagnosed with Marfan Syndrome in 1990. famous marfan syndrome By iClassical Com/ Flickr. Copyright 2021. He had already battled two serious heart attacks before the diagnosis. The New York Times offered him the title of “Composer with the eye on God.” He died at the age of 69 at his home. 6. Sergei Rachmaninoff Russian composer and pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff was a very well-known personality. His long fingers enhanced his musical skills, which supposedly pointed out a famous Marfan Syndrome victim. famous marfan syndrome By Koichi IIJIMA/ Flickr. Copyright 2021. In 1986, D.A Young proposed that the artist may have suffered from this condition. This was proposed based on the features of Rachmaninoff, which were associated with Marfan Syndrome, like thin, long body and nose. He was myopic and also developed arthritis later on. Other than this, eye strain and back strain as well, which eventually caused hindrance to his musical career. Thus, it justified the assumption that he was a victim of Marfan Syndrome. 7. Niccolo Paganini Niccolo Paganini was considered to be sheer a musical genius. He was the inspiration of many works of Rachmaninov. One of the compositions of Rachmaninov that Niccolo Paganini heavily inspired was “The Rhapsody.” famous marfan syndrome By Art Gallery ErgsArt – by ErgSap/ Flickr. Copyright 2021 His musical genius was supported by the condition that he had. That is the famous Marfan Syndrome. Marfan Syndrome gave Niccolo Paganini long thing fingers which helped him in being an excellent violinist. 8. Tutankhamun The list of victims of Marfan Syndrome also includes the name of an Egyptian pharaoh, King Tutankhamun. Also known as King Tut. Famous Marfan Syndrome By Toshiyuki IMAI/ Flickr. Copyright 2021. He died at a very young age of 19 years. Since he died very early, his early demise led Historians to investigate his family’s disease. CT scans and DNA tests, along with years of research of his mummy, made historians believe that he was the victim of Marfan Syndrome. He had a bent spine and an abnormally tall body with thin extremities, pointing to the same. Not only this, his mother and father also depicted the same characteristics, which led to the belief that they might as well have suffered from famous Marfan Syndrome. 9. Bradford Cox Man with multiple talents, Bradford Cox, is one of the top 10 famous people with Marfan syndrome. Famous Marfan Syndrome By Quique/ Flickr. Copyright 2021. Bradford Cox is an actor, singer, songwriter, guitarist, and lead singer of the rock band Deerhunter. At the age of 10, he started noticing signs and symptoms of Marfan Syndrome and was later diagnosed with it. This led him to be isolated and awkward. Hence, he had no friends. This made him more focused on his music and highly passionate about it. He stands 6’4″ with long limbs and an elongated face. Facing all the odds, Bradford Cox started his actor journey with the highly praised movie “Dallas Buyers Club.” 10. Robert Johnson Robert Leroy Johnson was an American blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter whose music inspires artists. Robert Johnson is now recalled as a master of the blues. Famous marfan syndrome By Ray MacLean/ Flickr. Copyright 2021 Based on features like tall, slim stature, loose joints, and unnaturally elongated fingers, a history of resolving cataracts suggests that he might have Marfan Syndrome. This guitar wizard passed away due to aortic dissection. Even after Robert Johnson’s death, his music continues to influence musicians all over the world. Apart from these top 10 famous people with Marfan Syndrome, the other people who suffered from Marfan Syndrome are: • Vincent Schiavelli- Vincent Schiavelli was an American character actor and food writer. He is known for his work on stage, screen, and television. Vincent Schiavelli was diagnosed with Marfan syndrome in childhood. His death occurred in 2005. • Jonathan Larson- Jonathan Larson was an American composer and playwright. He was known for diving into the social issues of multiculturalism, addiction, and homophobia with his work. • Flo Hyman- Flo Hyman was an American athlete who played volleyball. She was an Olympic silver medalist. Flo Hyman played professional volleyball in Japan. Her death occurred due to heart complications due to Marfan Syndrome. • Isaiah Austin- Isaiah Austin is an American former professional basketball player. Isaiah Austin played two years of college basketball for Baylor University. Before he was diagnosed with a mild form of Marfan syndrome, he was named a possible lottery pick in the 2014 NBA draft. The above was the list of some very famous people with famous Marfan Syndrome. Isn’t it lovely to realize how they all fought a near life-threatening disease and never gave up on their dreams and themselves? This is sheer proof of “where there’s a will, there’s away.” You can find recent posts about Marfan Syndrome on National Marfan Foundation’s website. I hope the battles with famous Marfan Syndrome of famous personalities greatness and achievements inspire us to reach our goals, be it big or small. Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here Stay in Touch Related Articles
The covid-19 pandemic: strategies and consequences Photo by CDC on Unsplash During these past weeks and months the world has been grappling with an emergency the size of which had not been witnessed since World War II. People are suffering physically, emotionally and financially; economies slow down and seem to almost draw to a halt, straining businesses to the brink of bankruptcy; and countries become isolated and unable to access most needed supplies and equipment. Furthermore, the ultimate social and economic consequences of this crisis are still difficult to anticipate. Sad as it is, the present situation calls for some reflection on current developments and their potential impact in the future. At the onset of the pandemic some countries advocated for a do-nothing strategy, downplaying the severity of the disease and hoping for the population to acquire a kind of herd immunity at the expense of many lives, particularly of those most vulnerable. Taking into account how contagious and deadly the virus is, it doesn’t seem very reasonable to keep an ‘open door’ policy. A rapidly increasing number of infected people could collapse healthcare systems, pushing medical staff to their limits and potentially claiming their lives, particularly in the absence of proven medical protocols and adequate equipment. It could also greatly reduce the chances of survival of patients suffering other types of diseases since medical resources are inevitably limited. This risk-denial attitude is akin to the idea that we can bury our heads in the sand to avoid seeing our problems and just wait until they disappear (falsely attributed to ostriches but fairly common among humans). In modern times, herd immunity is acquired through vaccines, thanks to the advancement of medicine, and without the loss of human lives. Further, the do-nothing strategy — justified, in part, on the grounds that people would resist any attempt made to restrict their freedom — may cause irrational behaviors (from purchasing guns and weapons to hoarding toilet paper) and long-lasting, individualistic and aggressive attitudes, which have already been described in the past, as the Latin proverb ‘homo homini lupus’ (man is wolf to man) or Rudyard Kipling’s ‘law of the jungle’ (kill or be killed) attest. The end result may be a defiance of civil norms and a loss of allegiance to social institutions, including all levels of government. Other countries chose a passive strategy, imposing nationwide lockdowns and confining individuals to their homes as the best way to fight the virus and contain its spread. The idea that confining the population, patrolling and policing the streets and hoping for the best can be a good strategy to end the pandemic sounds a bit preposterous. Actually, the main reason why most people stay isolated in their homes is because we still don’t know who might be a virus carrier. Not surprisingly, there are small villages and low-density areas in those countries that have remained in complete isolation for more that 40 days without a single positive case of covid-19 being reported. Nationwide lockdown as a ‘just-in-case’ measure seems disproportionate. Further, the passive strategy is bringing about a very unsettling development. The ‘presumption of innocence’, in terms of health, by which one is considered innocent or healthy until proven guilty or infected is being sidelined. By confining all the population we are considering everyone a suspect or potential virus carrier until proven otherwise. This is not only unfair but might also have a significant impact on our freedoms. It is unfair because those individuals or areas free from the virus could, in theory, maintain a normal life, but also because the spread of the virus and its severity depends on the type of neighborhood and home you live in. Furthermore, not everyone is equally able to stay at home for a long time without an income or the ability to claim a subsidy. Economic stability, social cohesion and equality are on the line. The idea of considering everybody a suspect has a clear social effect; you can notice suspicion and distrust in the faces of the people you might see on the street or at the supermarket. But it also has a distinct political effect; it entitles governments to conduct massive surveillance and information control plans, circumventing existing legal restrictions, parliamentary control and public scrutiny. The rationale is simple and straightforward: since we don’t know who is infected we have to monitor everyone and to do so governments may skip inconvenient legal hurdles. This might lead to control-freak societies, autocratic governments and megalomaniac leaders, who know better than anyone else — even the most expert specialist — what to do in such a dire situation. Further, such an environment is the perfect setting for fake news and disinformation, since no one knows exactly what is happening — and some are not even interested and just take advantage of the situation. Confinement is the result of a combination of lack of preparedness and poor management, if not outright incompetence. It’s no wonder that these countries are now proposing a very complex and slow easing of the lockdown measures, dependent on geographical area, economic activity, people’s age, time of the day, etc. The underlying idea is that individuals are not reliable and cannot be trusted — we continue to ignore who is infected — , or are like children who need to be taken care of. While this might be partially true, this is definitely not the way to build a smart and resilient society. Further, if we don’t manage to find a vaccine in the short term or it becomes difficult to acquire immunity to the virus, new outbreaks may occur worldwide leading to a new pandemic. Will we confine the entire population and stop the economy again? If this pandemic crisis becomes a recurrent event, are we prepared to isolate the world and shut down economic activity for several months every year? Are we really willing to forgo the advantages of globalization while retaining its disadvantages, since viruses will always be global? It seems reasonable to think that the best way to fight and contain the pandemic would be to find out who is infected in the first place. Countries which have fared better during this crisis have chosen such an active strategy, combining mobility restrictions (not confinement to homes), social distancing and aggressive testing and tracing to identify infected individuals and clusters. This strategy aims to solve the problem, although locally, and not just contain it, while respecting the presumption of innocence and creating a more fair and free environment. According to official statistics, countries show infection rates ranging from negligible to 0.5 percent of the total population (5,000 cases per million inhabitants). I am ready to admit that the real number of cases is five to ten times the official figure. But even so, in the worst-case scenario only around 5 percent of the population might be infected in any given country. That means that 95 percent of the population may not be carrying the virus. Does it make sense to isolate the entire population then? We could imagine an even better strategy, a proactive strategy, which would entail not only massive but comprehensive testing, meaning that the entire population would be tested, not just at-risk groups, and not only once but probably every week, since the incubation period of the coronavirus most commonly ranges around 5 days, and we also need to test for antibodies and acquired immunity. Obviously, certain mobility restrictions, social distancing and proper hygiene and sanitation practices would also be encouraged. But since virus carriers would be identified, isolated and treated appropriately, the rest of the population could feel relatively safe. The objective is to prevent and contain the virus but also to diagnose and treat every single individual carrying it. While I am sure it is difficult, complex and expensive to test the entire population and repeat the test every week, that doesn’t mean it’s not the right strategy. Some countries have tested 1 million individuals per week and can increase that number to 2 million or even more. This is still not enough but is definitely the way forward. And not only in terms of health but also in social and political terms. With a proactive strategy we would empower individuals with health-checking tools and trust their judgment and responsibility, allowing them to take the lead in the fight against the virus. This is an instance of an all-time dilemma in human societies: create a heavily regulated society (dependent on massive surveillance and control) in which even dumb or evil individuals cannot be a burden or danger, or favor intelligent, informed and engaged individuals so society can be based on very simple rules. It seems to me that we should try to give individuals the means to become smart citizens, not dumb subjects or children who need to be taken care of. To attain a resilient society we first have to achieve a smart society. In order for this proactive strategy to take hold in the future, since unfortunately we may witness new pandemics, medicine — particularly primary healthcare — should transition from hospitals and laboratories to our homes, through the encouragement of innovation and technology. Online medical consultation and prescription delivery, simple health-checking devices, inexpensive health tests delivered by mail, online test results reviews, etc., should become the ‘new normal’. People would have better access to quality healthcare and authorities would be able to pick up early warning signals and react faster. Obviously, careful use of personal information to safeguard privacy and prevent abuse of the data would be paramount. This proactive strategy will require preparedness (agreed and approved plans and protocols, involving public and private sectors, and robust supply chains to assure massive production and distribution of medical and emergency equipment, and basic supplies), technology (widespread and powerful communication tools, online medical care, reliable and inexpensive tests and treatments, simple and efficient processes to conduct medical research and approve vaccines and drugs) and social resilience (the result of a combination of human intelligence, cooperation and trust). We have to wisely choose our strategy because it will not only help us fight the pandemic in the most effective way but will also have significant consequences for the future. Times are changing and so should our mindsets. Engineer and consultant, passionate about innovation, technology and digital transformation.
Currently doing some beginner practice with Alexander Lenard's translation of Winnie the Pooh. It says, "Ecce Eduardus Ursus scalis nunc tump-tump-tump occipite gradus pulsante post Christophorum Robinum descendens." 'Occipite' is in the imperative mood, but why? I don't see how the context calls for it. Any help is appreciated. It isn't imperative. It's the ablative singular of occiput, occipitis, 'the back of the head.' So occipite gradus pulsante is ablative absolute: 'the back of his head striking the stairs' • 3 It should probably be noted that the more regular word is occipitium. Weird that that wasn't chosen for clarity's sake. – cmw Jul 31 '17 at 4:12 • 5 Lenard was a (medical) doctor, who would use occiput professionally. – Tom Cotton Jul 31 '17 at 16:40 • Thank you all! 'Occipitium' is in my Latin dictionary and not 'occiput'. I appreciate all your clarifications. <3 Aug 1 '17 at 15:34 • 3 The answer "So occipite gradus pulsante is ablative absolute" turned on a light for me, a Latin dilettante, and it also answered other snippets that I was struggling to understand. The secret was in finding out what the ablative absolute is and what it does; until I looked that up, I was still in mystery. Thanks very much. Dec 1 '17 at 18:50 • 3 Can't resist observing that occiput is probably just as acceptable as occipitium, Persius I, 61-2 : vos, o patricius sanguis, quos vivere fas est occipiti caeco, posticae occurrite sannae. – Tom Cotton Dec 1 '17 at 20:33 As others said, it's the ablative of occiput (back of the head, occiput). Noone is ever going to learn any Latin from Alexander Lenard's absolutely terrible translation of Winnie-the-Pooh. There is nothing to salvage in this whole mess - even Lenard's grammar is shaky at best. The sentence "Ecce Eduardus Ursus scalis nunc tump-tump-tump occipite gradus pulsante post Christophorum Robinum descendens" is in fact a great example of how poor Lenard's Latin is : "scalis" without a preposition means "with a ladder" not "in the stairs" which would be "in scalis" or "per scalas" His thumping onomatopaea (not a good idea to use onomatopaeas in latin but - oh well) is poorly placed in the sentence. The bear's occiput does not push or knock or slap the steps, so using pulsare is just a bad idea. I can think of several latin verbs that could have expressed the idea. Offendere and impingere come to mind. "Descendens" : as most English speakers, and many latinists, Lenard doesn't really understand how the present participle works. He overuses it and doesn't use relative clauses enough. "Ecce ursus... descendens" sounds something like "Here is the bear... while it comes down" not "the bear coming down". In THIS context it is weird and awkward. In other contexts it would work just fine. Just as with other languages, you have to read/know enough latin to have a sense of what works in context. Of course the difficulty with latin is that there aren't so many intermediate-level texts to get to that level in the first place. Lenard and his Winnie-ille-Pu are just a fraud. I read a few pages of it on the web and was horrified. It is a sloppy, lazy and faulty translation, by someone who didn't have good enough command of the language (let alone of its stylistics) to have any business translating a book, or anything, into latin. Even Harrius Potter is better, and it's pretty damn bad. • 3 In scalis descendens would mean 'climbing down to the stairs'. The bare ablative of scalis descendens is perfectly fine for 'climbing down the stairs', which is what is meant. – Cairnarvon Aug 17 at 23:16 • 2 The issue of climbing and stairs (in this case, up them) is addressed in another question here. As Cairnarvon notes, the simple ablative appears to be fine. As for Ecce Eduardus...descendens, what Lenard is doing closely matches, e.g. Vergil Aeneid 7.706–9: ecce Sabinorum prisco de sanguine magnum / agmen agens Clausus....: 'Behold Clausus leading a great line.....,' where there's no expressed main verb. – cnread Aug 18 at 0:06 • 2 @cmw I don't think this answer is relevant to the question. It's a rant. But it could be reworked into an interesting question+answer, or maybe several, e.g. "What does Ecce…descendens mean?" – Ben Kovitz Aug 18 at 10:51 • 2 I'm also a bit confused by the criticism of the choice of pulso: it's pretty clear that the "bumps" in the original are the head hitting the stairs. I haven't read through the Latin translation, so it may well be terrible as you say, but I'm failing to see this as an illustration of that! – brianpck Aug 18 at 12:53 • 1 @cmw, Not really. Lenard is doing basically the same thing as Vergil: a sentence, w/o an expressed main verb, saying, 'Behold individual x doing y.' The original sentence is 'Here is Edward Bear, coming down-stairs now, bump, bump, bump, on the back of his head, behind Christopher Robin.' I myself (like, I assume, Laurent) would have used a relative clause instead of a participle; but since there's precedent for the participle, that comes down to stylistic choice. If there's a grammatical problem here, I think it's that 'tump-tump-tump' isn't grammatically tethered to the sentence in any way. – cnread Aug 18 at 16:56 Your Answer
Reinforcement and Punishment in ABA: 3 Facts You Need to Know Reinforcement and punishment occur naturally every day, influencing behavior without a plan. They are the foundation of learning, causing us to repeat some behaviors and not others. If you’re cold, the behavior of putting on a sweater receives reinforcement as your body feels more comfortable. Walking across the room in the dark is punished when you stub your toe. These contingencies also play a vital role in ABA programming. ABA practitioners intentionally arrange contingencies that are meant to reinforce or punish specific behavior. When done correctly learning occurs. Professionals in the field of ABA must understand some basic facts about reinforcement and punishment to create effective behavior change programs. First, there are important differences between positive and negative reinforcement and punishment. Second, the professional must plan for unintended consequences associated with reinforcement and punishment. Finally, neither reinforcement nor punishment are inherently good or bad, ethical or unethical. Positive and Negative Reinforcement and Punishment The use of the words “positive” and “negative” when referencing reinforcement and punishment often creates confusion among individuals new to the field. The words positive and negative evoke the connotation of something good or bad, yet these ideas don’t apply here. Instead, the words positive and negative are more mathematical in nature. Positive is the addition of something and negative is the removal of something. Although the distinctions appear somewhat academic in nature, it’s important to comprehend the terminology. Understanding the difference between positive and negative reinforcement and punishment allows us to discern controlling variables and communicate clearly with others in the field. The table below defines each type of reinforcement and punishment. Defining Positive and Negative Reinforcement and Punishment PositiveThe addition of a desired stimulus following a behavior that results in that behavior occurring more often (or with more intensity or for longer durations) in the future.The addition of an undesired stimulus following a behavior that results in that behavior occurring less often (or with less intensity or for shorter durations) in the future. NegativeThe removal of an undesired stimulus following a behavior that results in that behavior occurring more often (or with more intensity or for longer durations) in the future.The removal of a desired stimulus following a behavior that results in that behavior occurring less often (or with less intensity or for shorter durations) in the future. The above table offers a lot of language and jargon that often confuses novices. Here’s another way to look at it. The table below considers whether a stimulus was added or removed and the impact that has on the behavior to determine whether it is positive or negative reinforcement or punishment. Behavior Increases Behavior Decreases Stimulus addedPositive reinforcementPositive punishment Stimulus removedNegative reinforcementNegative punishment Want to learn more about the distinction between positive and negative reinforcement and punishment? Read our posts: Is the Distinction Between Positive and Negative Reinforcement and Punishment Necessary? and What I Wish I Knew About Positive and Negative Reinforcement. Unintended Effects of Reinforcement and Punishment Both reinforcement and punishment procedures present the opportunity for unintended effects on behavior. Professionals must plan for these possibilities prior to initiating interventions. You can mitigate some of these effects more easily than others and must carefully way the potential for harm against the potential benefits. Behavioral contrast-behavior receiving reinforcement in one setting decreases in other settings where reinforcement is unavailableMay result in a higher rate of aggression May lead to an increase in undesired or a decrease in other desired behaviors that are part of the same response classPunishment procedure may model inappropriate behavior to the individual When access to a reinforcer is restricted, maladaptive behavior may escalatePunishment effects may provide negative reinforcement for the interventionist increasing the possibility of abuse Learner may rely on extrinsic reinforcement if the schedule of reinforcement is not thinned to naturally occurring contingenciesUsually only effective in the presence of the punisher Effects of immediate reinforcement contingencies may reduce other more desired behaviors that result in delayed reinforcementRisk of interventionist becoming a conditioned punisher Reinforcement may lead to behavior that negatively impacts an individual’s health, safety, relationships, etc. (i.e. addiction)Punishment does not establish an alternative behavior so another undesired behavior may take its place Example of Unintended Consequences of Reinforcement Watch the video below for a common example of the use of reinforcement and identify any possible negative effects the parent might encounter as a result of using this intervention. Although as a professional, you might recommend that Roy give Brad a reason to sit at the table. Do you see the potential for the following unintended consequences? • Brad stops eating lunch at school where reinforcement for sitting at the table is unavailable. • Brad begins to overeat, resulting in considerable rapid weight gain. • When Roy begins to restrict the tablet, making it only available at mealtime, Brad begins to hit Roy, demanding that he have it when he wants it. • Brad will only sit at the table if he has access to the tablet throughout the entire meal. As soon as the tablet is removed, he’s up and running again. • Even though Brad’s teacher uses a reinforcement system for Brad’s task completion at school, his willingness to sit to do schoolwork goes down since that reinforcer is significantly more delayed than the reinforcer he earns for sitting to eat at home. • Brad begins to find food so inherently reinforcing, especially foods high in carbohydrates, that he begins to demand more and more of these foods. Knowing that the above unintended consequences are possible, would this change your recommendation to use reinforcement to encourage Brad to sit at the table to eat? Since it’s unlikely that there’s a simpler solution for Roy to implement at home, it’s probably still the best intervention for him to try. Identifying potential unintended effects allows you to plan for them. Ethical Considerations of Reinforcement and Punishment Positive reinforcement is often seen as the epitome of ethical practice in ABA. Similarly, punishment carries with it a stigma associated with control and abuse of power. In reality, these conditions occur naturally and neither are inherently good or bad. The distinction lies in the way these contingencies are applied by professionals. Despite this fact, governing bodies insist on the implementation of reinforcement strategies before considering punishment procedures. In fact, the BACB’s Professional and Ethical Compliance Code for Behavior Analysts states: 4.08 Considerations Regarding Punishment Procedures. (a) Behavior analysts recommend reinforcement rather than punishment whenever possible. (b) If punishment procedures are necessary, behavior analysts always include reinforcement procedures for alternative behavior in the behavior-change program. (c) Before implementing punishment-based procedures, behavior analysts ensure that appropriate steps have been taken to implement reinforcement-based procedures unless the severity or dangerousness of the behavior necessitates immediate use of aversive procedures. Misconceptions About the Ethics of Reinforcement and Punishment This emphasis on reinforcement over punishment is intended to ensure a focus on teaching new skills, encouraging growth, taking a strength-based approach and avoiding power struggles or an abuse of power. This drive toward reinforcement procedures is an important one and not to be taken lightly, but it’s equally important to understand that reinforcement in and of itself is not good and there are ways to misuse it. Consider applying reinforcement to a behavior that is harmful to the individual. A reinforcement procedure is not necessarily ethical. The same holds true for punishment procedures. Punishment, remember, is the addition or removal of a stimulus that reduces the future occurrence of that behavior. A child who asks to go home from school at 9:00 every morning and is denied this request repeatedly is likely to eventually reduce the frequency of this request. Refusing the child’s request is punishment if it reduces that requesting behavior. From an objective perspective, honoring that request might be the unethical thing to do. In this video, Dr. Chris Manente discusses some common misconceptions about the ethics of reinforcement and punishment. Reinforcement and punishment are often more complex than they initially appear. Many factors impact their effectiveness and even their ethical application. Carefully consider all potential risks and benefits associated with the use of these contingencies and become more aware of their presence in the natural environment. References and Related Reading Fisher, W., Piazza, C., Cataldo, M., Harrell, R., Jefferson, G., & Conner, R. (1993). Functional communication training with and without extinction and punishment. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis26(1), 23-36. Hanley, G. P., Piazza, C. C., Fisher, W. W., & Maglieri, K. A. (2005). On the effectiveness of and preference for punishment and extinction components of function‐based interventionsJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis38(1), 51-65. Perone M. (2003). Negative effects of positive reinforcementThe Behavior analyst26(1), 1–14. doi:10.1007/bf03392064 Timberlake, W., & Farmer-Dougan, V. A. (1991). Reinforcement in applied settings: figuring out ahead of time what will workPsychological Bulletin110(3), 379.
The candy weighing demonstration, or, the unwisdom of crowds From 2008: The candy weighing demonstration, or, the unwisdom of crowds My favorite statistics demonstration is the one with the bag of candies. I’ve elaborated upon it since including it in the Teaching Statistics book and I thought these tips might be useful to some of you. Buy 100 candies of different sizes and shapes and put them in a bag (the plastic bag from the store is fine). Get something like 20 large full-sized candy bars, 20 or 30 little things like mini Snickers bars and mini Peppermint Patties. And then 50 or 60 really little things like tiny Tootsie Rolls, lollipops, and individually-wrapped Life Savers. Count and make sure it’s exactly 100. You also need a digital kitchen scale that reads out in grams. Also bring a sealed envelope inside of which is a note (details below). When you get into the room, unobtrusively put the note somewhere, for example between two books on a shelf or behind a window shade. Hold up the back of candy and the scale and write the following on the board: Each pair of students should: 1. Pull 5 candies out of the bag 2. Weigh the candies 3. Write down the weight 4. Put the candies back in the bag!! 5. Pass the scale and bag to your neighbors 6. Silently multiply the weight of the 5 candies by 20. (And, as Frank Morgan told me once, remember to read aloud everything you write on the board. Don’t write silently.) The students should work in pairs. Explain that their goal is to estimate the total weight of all the candies in the bag. They can choose their 5 candies using any method–systematic sampling, random sampling, whatever. Whichever pair guesses closest to the true weight. they get the whole bag! Demonstrate how to zero the scale, give the scale and the bag of candies to a pair of students in the front row, and let them go. The demo will proceed silently while the rest of the class proceeds. So do whatever you were going to do in class. Take a look to make sure the scale and bag are moving slowly through the room. After about 30 or 40 minutes, it will reach the back and the students will be done. At this point, ask the pairs, one at a time, to call out their estimates. Write them on the board. They will be numbers like 3080, 2400, 4340, and so forth. Once all the numbers are written, make a crude histogram (for example, bins from 2000-3000 grams, 3000-4000, 4000-5000, etc.). This represents the sampling distribution of the estimates. Now call up two students from the class (but not from the same pair) to look at all the estimates. Ask them what their best guess is, having seen this information. As the class if they agree with these two students. Now give the bag to the two students in the front of the room and have them weigh it. Punch line The weight of all 100 candies will be something like 1658. It’s always, always, always lower than all of the individual guesses on the board. Write this true weight as a vertical bar on the histogram that you’ve drawn. This is a great way to illustrate the concepts of bias and standard error of an estimator. Now call out to the students who are sitting near where you hid the envelope: “Um, uh, what’s that over there . . . is it an envelope??? Really? What’s inside? Could you open it up?” A student opens it and reads out what’s written on the sheet inside: “Your guesses are all too high!” Now’s the time to talk about sampling. Large candies are easy to see and to grab, while small candies fall through the gaps between the large ones and end up at the bottom of the bag. You can draw analogies to doing a random sample by going to the mall or by sending out an email survey and seeing who responds. Ask, How could you do a random sample. It won’t be obvious to the students that the way to do a random sample is to number each of the candies from 1 to 100 and pick numbers at random. Also, as noted above, this is an example you can use later in the semester to illustrate bias and standard error. P.S. My feeling about describing these demos is the same as what Penn and Teller say about why they show audiences how they do their tricks: it’s even cooler when you know how it works. P.P.S. Remember–it’s crucial that the candies in the bag be of varying sizes, with a few big ones and lots of little ones! Update (2014): The comment thread on that one is pretty good too. 23 thoughts on “The candy weighing demonstration, or, the unwisdom of crowds 1. Rather than dictate the terms of the sampling, would a better exercise be to ask groups of students to come up with their own methods for making such an estimate, and finding out which was the most successful? It seems like prescribing a biased sampling method is a bit of trickery … 2. In the comments to when it was previously posted, you said you might try Phil’s suggestion and have them estimate the whole bag weight. Did you do this? Did it end up with the true value somewhere in the middle like Galton’s wisdom of the crowd, Vox Populi note? If so, were the students impressed (when presumably they opened that envelope)? 3. I can imagine the weight being lower than most of the guesses. But lower than all of the individual guesses? Always? That’s counter-intuitive to me. Are there no contrarians? Or innovative kids employing some unique sampling strategy? Or simply making an arithmetic error? Or some kid that follows your blog? :) 4. For comparative two group experiments, there is the example of fast rabbits. Of 10 rabbits 5 are taken from the common cage and given placebo then the last 5 are give a new wonder drug. The wonder drug is observed to have made the rabbits faster (because they escape being picked first.) (Maybe not as initially obvious that small candies are better at escaping and so provides more surprising lesson.) Unfortunately here, the frequency with which this actually happened in actual experiments that were then published is not zero. • A similar example that I use is estimating something like the mean mass of exoplanets. The equivalent of slow rabbits and big chocolate bars are the ones we can observed (more) easily (like the close to the star ‘Jupiters’), while Mars-like and Earth-like exoplanets are the nibble rabbits and tootsie pops! As technology gets better it would be good to track things like the mean mass over time. • I don’t know if this example counts in the same theme but I was reminded of it: If you try to figure the most vulnerable spot of a WW2 fighter plane (perhaps to decide where to add armor) by noting the bullet marks on planes returning from sorties you’ll probably reinforce the wrong spots. • This reminds me of the spaghetti breaking exercise I do sometimes. Give all the students 1 piece of spaghetti. Tell them to break it “randomly” into three pieces. Then check to see if the three pieces can form a triangle. Calculate the percent. While there are always one or two who can’t, it has never failed for me that I get 85% or more who can make triangles; if it was really random you’d expect 25% pretty easy to show graphically). 5. Why write the numbers down then make the histogram? Why not take a leaf out of Tukey and make the histogram as you collect the numbers? (am I misremembering Tukey?) • Derek: I find it helpful to have the actual guesses on the board so each student can see all the other guesses. I typically do this in classes with about 20-50 people, hence 10-25 guesses to write on the board. If I was doing it in a class with 200 students, I’d have to collect the guesses in a more automatic way, then I’d probably display the histogram along with a few of the guesses to give students a sense of the actual numbers. • This is great and I can tell already that I’ll use it forever. One minor addition that can be considered in large rooms is that with a little preparation you can enter the values into a google document like this: and have the histogram build itself as you type them in. The example itself shown there is a bit different: it is contrasting the number of chips in chips ahoy vs a generic brand of cookies. The gauges there show the mean and standard deviation of each grouping, and the gauges adjust as you type in the numbers. One nice aspect of this is that students get an instinct for how many sample values are needed before the gauges of the mean and sd stop moving. For data entry: In a large room, or outside of class, you can have students with computers enter information into a Google Form: to populate a spreadsheet: thanks again for this great idea! • Andrew, I wasn’t suggesting not writing the guesses on the board. I was suggesting writing each guess in its bin on the board, and watching the guesses build up a histogram automatically. I believe Tukey called these “semigraphic tables” in the sixties, no computer technology required. The idea in those days was to minimize the expensive use of a statistician’s time by cutting out repetitive actions: write the numbers, get the graph for free. I went looking for an example of what was in my head, but can’t find one straight off. There’s a “stem and leaf” plot here, which would work, but I was thinking something more familiar to your students. Imagine each guess is handed to you as a wooden block, and you place the block in its bin(don’t bother sorting intra-bin), and watch the distribution build up. Only you’d do this by calling out guesses and writing them on a board instead. • We did this in lecture time last week for a group of about 80 students (first-year Sociology undergrads at City University London) – worked brilliantly, of course – thank you Prof Gelman! Because we were short on time and large on class size, the way I collected results was to draw the axes for a histogram on the board, with 1000g-wide intervals marked on the x-axis, then called them out in turn and asked students to raise their hand if their estimate fell into the interval that I was pointing at. Not so nuanced, but it was quick and easy, and I think it did the job, so I thought I’d mention it here in case useful. 6. I can attest that this activity really hits a note with students. I ran into some former students (from a class I taught 5 years ago) at a party recently and the instant the host brought round some dessert, they reminded me to select my piece randomly… 7. Pingback: Friday links: animals jumping badly, the recency of publish-or-perish, mythologizing wolves, and more \| Dynamic Ecology 8. Pingback: Five Links: Wearing Crowdsourced Data on Your Sleeve \| HR Examiner 9. This morning I ran this experiment in my core MBA Managerial Statistics class (about 30 students, all working professionals in an evening/weekend MBA program). It worked brilliantly. Thanks for the idea. 10. Pingback: MA206 Program Director's Memorandum - Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science 11. We tried this for visiting year 9-10 students, but using plastic dinosaur toys (and some little 1×1 inch laminated cards) instead of candy. They were in an open box instead of a bag and we encouraged the students to think about a representative sample. Even so, only two samples out of about forty were anywhere near the truth. Quite a few groups thought about a division into small, medium, and large, but they then took the same number from each stratum. One group actually invented systematic sampling: lining up the dinosaurs and taking an evenly-spaced sample. 12. A folllowup question: Can the students see all the candies? Is the set of candies in a clear ziploc bag, for example? Or is it a dark bag and they have to stick their hand in and come out with 5? Doing it in a dark bag make it seem very likely they get too many large candies. But doesn’t fit with the instructions to give them the freedom to do a systematic sample, random, etc. If they’re looking at a clear bag, couldn’t they eyeball the number of little things and scale up to the whole population? And do we tell them there are 100 items total? I’ve done this in a Research Design course for several years (and am scheduled to do it again tomorrow), but always feel like I’m missing something. • Jeffrey: I use an opaque plastic bag, and students can feel free to look in it if they want. I have them do the sampling in pairs, and I don’t give them lots of time on it. So they have time to think about doing a systematic sample but they don’t have time to lay out all 100 candies etc. If any pair of students tries anything too elaborate, I tell them to just take a sample to keep things moving. Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published.
Role of Atomic Energy and Nuclear Radiation The use of nuclear energy is controversial because it can be used to wreak havoc upon mankind. Fission, or the splitting of atoms, can be used to release extreme heat and radiation. During World War II, the United States decided that this would be a powerful weapon, so they dropped two fission bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan to end the war. Many buildings were desotryed and thousands of innocent civilians were killed. After that, the world viewed nuclear bombs as dangerous new weapons that could devestate entire cities. Also, the radiation released from nuclear fission is harmful to living organisms. In 1986, a steam buildup in a nuclear reactor in Chornobyl, Ukraine caused an explosion that released tons of radiation into contact with people and animals. Thirty-one deaths resulted from the accident. Traces of the radiation were found in areas far away from the reactor because they traveled by wind. After the accident, the radiation still affects people in the contaminated areas; thyroid cancer in people has been increased due to the radiation. Get quality help now Verified writer Proficient in: Nature 4.9 (247) +84 relevant experts are online Hire writer I think the benefits of nuclear power definitely outweigh the potentional dangers. Nuclear power is a very efficient source of energy. For example, it can be used to provide electricity for cities. Nuclear reactors would split radioactive elements to form heat, which would produce steam to turn turbines. Then electricity would be created to power major towns and cities. We do not need to worry about nuclear meltdowns because of the safety measures in nuclear reactors. The Chernobyl accident would be a thing of the past. Get to Know The Price Estimate For Your Paper Number of pages Email Invalid email Write my paper You won’t be charged yet! Nuclear energy is also abundant, unlike fossil fuels (coal and oil). We don’t have to worry about running out of radioactive elements. However, fossil fuels are the complete opposite; gasoline prices have skyrocketed over the past thirty years, and scientists predict that gas would become a rarity in the year 2075 or so. I do not think all countries should agree to limit atomic weapons. Even if a country has only 200 atomic weapons, they can still easily threaten other nations. Leaders should be able to buy what they desire with their nation’s money without having to worry about breaking any agreements. Perhaps a better solution is to ban atomic weapons altogether; that way, the world don’t have to worry about nuclear war anymore. If a country is suspected of possessing nuclear weapons, then that country would probably be wiped off the map (courtesy of the United Nations, they are the sheriff of the world.) Or maybe we should allow all countries to stockpile only ONE nuclear warhead for every country on earth. So if there are 200 countries in the world, your country could only stockpile 200 nuclear warheads. That way, if you bombed every country on earth, you would only have one warhead left to defend yourself with. I think it would be a pretty wicked awesome system. Atomic energy was used to cause death and destruction, but now it is being used to help light up the world. When the responsible are in charge of nuclear power, then everyone benefits! Atomic power is a great example of wonderful technology. Cite this page Role of Atomic Energy and Nuclear Radiation. (2016, Jun 22). Retrieved from 👋 Hi! I’m your smart assistant Amy! get help with your assignment
Introduction to C++ by anupmaurya C++ is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It can be used to develop operating systems, browsers, games, and so on. C++ supports object-oriented, procedural, and generic programming. This makes C++ powerful as well as flexible. C++ History • C++ programming language was developed in 1980 by Bjarne Stroustrup at bell laboratories of AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph), located in U.S.A. Bjarne Stroustrup founder of C++ Language Bjarne Stroustrup founder of C++ Language • Bjarne Stroustrup is known as the founder of C++ language. • It was develop for adding a feature of OOP (Object Oriented Programming) in C without significantly changing the C component. • C++ programming is “relative” (called a superset) of C, it means any valid C program is also a valid C++ program. Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) C++ supports object-oriented programming, the four major pillar of object-oriented programming (OPPs) used in C++ are: 1. Inheritance 2. Polymorphism 3. Encapsulation 4. Abstraction C++ Standard Libraries Standard C++ programming is divided into three important parts: Application of C++ • Window application • Client-Server application • Device drivers • Embedded firmware etc C++ Program Let’s have look on a simple C++ program to Print “Welcome to C++” on the output screen. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Welcome to C++"; return 0; } Code language: C++ (cpp) You may also like
YBM 고등 심화 영어 독해 Ⅱ 신정현 UNIT 2 52 카드 \| ybmadmin a. 깊은; 심오한 Palladio's impact on architecture has been profound and far-reaching. a. (인체·디자인·사물 등이) 대칭적인 Hundreds of thousands of houses with symmetrical fronts and applied columns topped by a pediment descend from the designs of Palladio. n. (화가·작가 등에 대한) 후원자 When he met Count Gian Giorgio Trissino, a poet, diplomat, and architectural patron in Vicenza, he switched to architecture. a. 급성장하는, 증가하는 Recognizing the young Palladio’s burgeoning talent, Trissino took him into his household and educated him in art. a. 단조로운; 따분한 Palladio gradually transformed Vicenza from a humdrum backwater into a small city of exceptional grace. n. 유산 Palladio left a vast legacy that includes San Giorgio Maggiore, Villa Saraceno, and numerous other remarkable buildings. a. 심미적, 미학적 It was Goethe in his Italian Journey who most famously praised the aesthetic value of Palladio’s work in Vicenza. n. 기념비적인 건축물; 기념물 It is only with these monuments before our eyes that we can understand their great value. n. 정점, 최고조 The Teatro Olimpico is the culmination of Palladio’s artistic genius. v. 의뢰〔위탁〕하다; n. 의뢰〔주문〕 The Teatro Olimpico was commissioned by the Olympic Academy for the purpose of staging performances and intellectual debates. n. 귀족 Following his growing reputation in Vicenza, Palladio received more and more commissions from wealthy and prominent aristocrats in Venice. v. 임명하다 For his masterful work as well as through his powerful patrons, Palladio was appointed chief architect of the Venetian Republic. n. 거룩함, 존엄성, 신성함 San Giorgio Maggiore embodies a perfect mixture of a classical Roman temple with the sanctity of a Christian church. v. (감정·기억·이미지를) 떠올리다, 되살리다 Its magnificent white facade, composed of two temple fronts of different sizes, evokes a sense of order, balance, and harmony. adhere to ~을 고수하다 The inside similarly adheres to a classical use of mathematical formulas and geometric ratios. a. (감탄할 만큼) 숭고한, 장엄한 The view from a distance is sublime. a. 수도원의, 수도승의 Every building Palladio designed, from a simple farmhouse to his grand monastic churches, is a treasure. marvel at ~에 놀라다 When young, Palladio followed Trissino to Rome, where the young architect marveled at the ancient ruins of Roman buildings. a. 삭감〔긴축〕한 The villa is a quietly magnificent building that looks and feels like a Roman temple, despite being a pared-down, almost ordinary farmhouse. a. 승리를 축하하는, 개선의 The three arches of the loggia resemble Roman triumphal arches. v. 급증하다, 갑자기 높아지다 Like imperial Roman buildings, the villa, which is placed high on a basement podium, surges proudly upward. v. 응시하다; 심사숙고하다 Each of the loggias is itself a place from which one can contemplate the ever-changing spectacle of nature without being exposed to the sun. v. (권력·영향을) 행사하다 Palladio exerted a great influence long after his death in 1580. in awe of ~을 경외하여 It is not surprising that the brightest British Modern Movement architects of the 1930s were as in awe of Palladio as they were of Le Corbusier. a. 지속적인, 영구적인 What was it that made Palladio’s influence so enduring around the world? a. 잘난 체 하지 않는, 가식 없는 Palladio offered a practical, perfectly proportioned, unpretentious form of classical design. a. 타고난 Behind Palladio’s designs is a complex architectural chemistry that is beautifully resolved through an innate understanding of proportion. n. 갈등; 마찰 Sometimes these differences cause friction between people from different cultures or countries. n. 상품, 물품, 원자재 The societies view time as a precious, even scarce commodity. ad. 되돌릴 수 없게, 영구적으로 According to this view, time is always flowing quickly by, and once it has passed, it is irreversibly gone. a. 게으른, 나태한 People with a linear view of time cannot bear to be idle. v. 꽉 잡다, 장악하다 In linear time, the past is over, but you can seize the present and make it work for you in the immediate future. a. 단일 과제 지향적인 People who adopt a linear view of time also tend to be monochronic. v. 동일시하다 They also equate working time with success. n. 능력, 역량 If you have 40 years of earning capacity and you want to make $4 million, that means you need to earn $100,000 per year. v. 조절하다; 적응하다 People who view time as flexible readily adjust deadlines. a. 시간을 잘 지키는 Nurturing one’s relationships with others is far more important than being punctual and sticking to strict schedules. subscribe to (의견·이론 등을) 동의〔지지〕하다 Those who subscribe to flexible time may go through the motions of observing schedules and deadlines. n. 처리, 처분권 For those following linear time, time is clock- and calendar-related, divided for their convenience, measurement, and disposal. v. ~을 좌우하다, ~에 영향을 주다 Time is an objective truth that dictates one’s actions. a. 주관적인 For those living in the world of flexible time, time is subjective and event-related. v. 조종〔조작〕하다 Time can be shaped, stretched, or manipulated, regardless of what the clock says. a. 순종적인, 고분고분한 People living in flexible time would scorn this submissive attitude to schedules. abide by 지키다, 따르다 Those who abide by cyclical time are likely to make business decisions in very different ways. a. 전후 관계의, 맥락상의 The past forms the contextual background of the present decision in cyclical time. slip away Those living in cyclical time do not see time as slipping away into the past. a. 순차적인 Instead of tackling problems immediately in sequential fashion, they might circle around them for a few days or weeks before committing themselves. v. 상상하다; 예상하다 Contemplation of the whole scene has indicated that task G, perhaps not even envisaged at all earlier on, might be the most significant of all. v. (자리·지위 등의) 뒤를 잇다 Governments and rulers will succeed each other. n. 참사, 재앙 Floods, earthquakes and other catastrophes will be repeated. v. 예상하다 We are often surprised to discover that people behave in completely different ways from what we anticipated. n. 추정, 가정 It just goes to show that we can never be too sure of our assumptions. 가장 빠르게 암기하도록 도와주는 암기학습 〉 제대로 외웠나 바로 확인하는 리콜학습 〉 철자까지 외우려면 스펠학습 〉 재미있게 복습하려면 매칭 게임 〉 주관식으로도 재미있는 복습, 크래시 게임 〉 수업 중 이 단어장을 보고 듣고 질문하는 슬라이드 〉 수업시간이 들썩 들썩 퀴즈배틀 (로그인) 〉 클릭만으로 종이낭비 없이 시험지 인쇄 (로그인) 〉 필요한 세트를 직접 만드는 단어장 만들기 (로그인) 〉 선생님들이 만드신 30만개 단어장 검색하기 〉 궁금한 것, 안되는 것 말씀만 하세요:) 답변이 도착했습니다.
Does Coffee Help Your Liver? Apart from brightening up your morning, coffee has proved to have more benefits in your body. Consuming too much caffeine is usually not good for your body. However, when you take the right amount, it has a lot of benefits for your health. Some of the benefits include: • Lowers type 2 diabetes risk. • Lowers skin cancer risk. • Lowers dementia risk. • Lowers Parkinson’s disease risk. • Protects your liver. • Lowers heart disease and stroke risk. • Helps fight depression. Here we are going to focus on the benefits that coffee has on the liver. Some of the benefits include: 1. lowers liver cancer risk. 2. Lowers liver cirrhosis risk. 3. Lowers non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk. Apart from the caffeine present in coffee, research shows that coffee contains other chemicals that play a huge role in lowering the risk of diseases. 1. Lowers Liver Cancer Liver cancer is cancer starting at your liver cells. Taking coffee reduces the chances of suffering from liver cancer. This is a result of the many antioxidants that reduce liver inflammation, acids, and chemicals found in the coffee. Drinking 2-3 cups of coffee every day reduces liver cancer risk by 44% compared to people who don’t drink it. Adding another cup reduces the risk by 65% compared to non-consumers. People who drink a lot of coffee are at low risk of getting the disease. 1. Lowers Cirrhosis Liver cirrhosis is the final stage of liver fibrosis caused by liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. When the liver is damaged by either alcohol or diseases, it repairs itself causing a scar. This process continues until the liver cannot withstand any more damage and has several scars. This is a life-threatening stage. Taking 3-4 cups of coffee in a day reduces the risk of getting liver cirrhosis as the digested caffeine produces a chemical that assists in the growth of the scars formed. For people who already have cirrhosis taking coffee reduces the death risk. 1. Lowers Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition that occurs when fat piles in the liver. It occurs to non-alcohol consumers. The fat can be caused by obesity, too much cholesterol in the body, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Taking 2-3 cups per day lowers the risk of the disease. 1. Drink at least 3 cups of coffee every day to reap the benefits from it. The more the cups of coffee you take, the more the benefits. 2. Drink coffee regularly as it benefits the liver when drank daily. 3. For liver benefits, black coffee is the best. 4. However, people suffering from heart problems and sensitive to coffee should avoid it or consult the doctor before taking it. 5. Drink caffeinated coffee as decaffeinated coffee does not reduce liver diseases risk. Tips to Healthy Liver 1. Eat a balanced diet. 2. Stay hydrated. 3. Exercise regularly to burn liver fat. 4. Avoid too much alcohol consumption. 5. Avoid direct contact with toxins. Coffee consumption is encouraged to keep your liver healthy. Decaffeinated coffee does not reduce the risk of diseases. Taking caffeinated coffee is the key to lowering the risks of the disease. Consume coffee regularly to reap the benefits. Related Articles Does Coffee Affect Thyroid Medication? Does Coffee Help Asthma? About the author James Black
Best Foods For Your Healthy Teeth Badge field Healthy Foods List: Seven Best Foods For Your Teeth Published date field When it comes to the health of your teeth, you really are what you eat. Sugary foods, such as candy and carbonated drinks, contribute to tooth decay. One of the first areas to be affected when your diet is not ideal is your oral health. Use this healthy list of foods to improve your diet and also the health of your mouth. If you're one of the many people who love cheese, you now have another reason to enjoy this tasty food. A study published in the May/June 2013 issue of General Dentistry, the journal of the American Academy of General Dentistry, reported by EurekAlert! found that eating cheese increased the pH in the subjects' mouths and therefore lowered their risk of tooth decay. It's thought that the chewing required to eat cheese increases saliva in the mouth. Cheese also contains calcium and protein, nutrients that strengthen tooth enamel. Like cheese, yoghurt has a high content of calcium and protein, which makes it ideal for strengthening and improving the health of your teeth. The probiotics, or beneficial bacteria, found in yoghurt also help your gums because the good bacteria remove bacteria that cause cavities. If you decide to add more yoghurt to your diet, it's best to choose a plain variety that has no added sugar. Leafy Greens Leafy greens are always included in any healthy foods list. They're rich in vitamins and minerals but low in calories. Leafy greens such as kale and spinach also promote oral health. With a high content of calcium, it builds your teeth's enamel. They also contain folic acid, a type of B vitamin that has many health benefits, including possibly treating gum disease in pregnant women, according to MedlinePlus. If you have trouble including leafy greens in your diet, add a handful of baby spinach to your next salad or throw some kale onto a pizza. You can also try adding some greens to a smoothie. Although the ADA recommends avoiding most sweet foods, there are some exceptions. Fruits, such as apples, might be sweet, but they're also high in fibre and water. The action of eating an apple produces saliva in your mouth, which removes bacteria and food particles. The fibrous texture of the fruit also stimulates the gums. Eating an apple isn't the same as brushing your teeth with a toothpaste that contains fluoride, but it can tide you over until you have a chance to brush. Pack either a whole apple or apple slices in your lunch box to give your mouth a good cleaning at the end of the meal. Like apples, carrots are crunchy and rich in fibre. Eating a handful of raw carrots at the end of the meal increases saliva production in your mouth, which reduces your risk of cavities. Besides being high in fibre, carrots are a great source of vitamin A. Add a few slices of raw carrots to your salad, or enjoy some baby carrots on their own. Celery might get a bad reputation for being bland, watery and full of those pesky strings, but like carrots and apples, it acts a bit like a toothbrush, scraping food particles and bacteria away from your teeth. It's also a good source of vitamins A and C, two antioxidants that boost the health of your gums. Celery can be made tastier by topping it with cream cheese. Almonds are great for your teeth because they are a good source of calcium and protein with a low sugar content. Enjoy a portion of almonds with your lunch. You can also add a handful to a salad or to a stir-fry dinner. Besides adding more leafy greens, dairy products and fibrous vegetables to your diet, what you drink is important too. Since it has no calories or sugar, water is always the best pick, especially compared to juice or carbonated drinks. Your diet makes a big difference in promoting a healthy smile.
Cousteau: By protecting ocean’s special places, Biden helps climate-resilient future Philippe Cousteau and Isha Sangani While we come from different generations, we share a common bond: the ocean is our touchstone. One of us grew up the son and grandson of a famous ocean family, carrying on the spirit of a legacy dedicated to protecting the ocean that is central to our existence on this planet. The other is beginning her journey of ocean activism, determined the ocean will continue to be a source of inspiration, community, and sustenance for her generation and those that follow. We were both overjoyed when President Biden recently made the decision to restore important protections for the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts, a spectacular ocean sanctuary 130 miles off the coast of New England. The marine national monument--the first and only one off the East Coast--was established by President Obama in 2016, and subsequently undermined by President Trump last year. The monument is a natural wonder worthy of our reverence and our protection, containing some of the planet’s most incredible underwater marine habitats. Just imagine: the three largest canyons are deeper than the Grand Canyon and four of the seamounts--a chain of more than 30 extinct undersea volcanoes--are higher than any peak east of the Rockies. Dives in the monument have revealed deep-sea corals that are thousands of years old and many rare species which are not known to live anywhere else on Earth. Carmen Hoyt, right, dives with Philippe Cousteau Jr. Upwelling of nutrients from the steep canyons and cliffs create a rich deep-sea ecosystem in the monument, providing increased food, spawning habitat, nurseries, and shelter from predators. Whales, dolphins, seabirds, sharks, tuna and countless fish come to the monument to feast, breed, and live. The waters above the canyons and seamounts teem with biodiversity, including endangered species like sperm whales, fin whales, sei whales and Kemp's ridley sea turtles. More than 1200 whales and dolphins were observed in just one hour during an aerial survey conducted by scientists at the New England Aquarium. It is an extraordinary place. We both celebrate its protection from different perspectives. Philippe has dedicated his career to upholding and building on the legacy of his family. Isha is a youth climate activist working for a future that looks to the ocean as a powerful source of climate solutions. We both believe that engaging young people now is the best way to ensure conservation outcomes that will endure for generations to come. And we both know that protecting special places like the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts is critical to creating a climate-resilient future for our ocean and planet. While the ocean’s climate-buffering ability is impressive, it is not limitless. The ocean has absorbed over 90% of the heat and nearly a third of the carbon dioxide from the industrial era, becoming hotter, more acidic, and less hospitable to fish and marine life. We must act now to change the course. Explorer, filmmaker and author Philippe Cousteau, Jr. Fortunately, the ocean has an amazing ability to recover if we give it a chance, and marine protected areas like Northeast Canyons and Seamounts are proven tools that give the ocean a chance to heal while protecting thriving ecosystems that can better resist the stress of climate change. In these uncertain times, one thing is crystal clear: the ocean is central to any effort to build a sustainable future. Scientists have found that placing at least 30% of our ocean in fully or highly protected marine protected areas by 2030 is absolutely critical in order to stop the extinction of ocean wildlife and stabilize our climate. That’s why youth advocates from all over the country are stepping up to protect 30% of our land, waters, and ocean by 2030, and why President Biden committed to this goal in his very first week in office. Restoring protections to Northeast Canyons and Seamounts is one step in the right direction to reaching that goal. It’s an action that honors the ocean explorers of our past, like Jacques Cousteau, while also upholding our responsibility to create a future where our ocean and thus humanity can thrive. That’s cause for celebration, and we thank President Biden for taking this important step for our country and our planet. Philippe Cousteau is an explorer, filmmaker, author, and the founder of EarthEcho International, a nonprofit working to build a global youth movement to protect and restore our ocean planet. Isha Sangani is a member of EarthEcho's Youth Leadership Council and Executive Director of the climate justice organization Earth Strategy.
First study to describe transporter system that bacteria use to ensure their survival NTHI resides in the human upper airway, typically without causing any harm. However, NTHI has the ability to change from a non-harmful bacterium to a disease causing pathogen, responsible for pink eye, sinusitis, middle ear infection and complications of cystic fibrosis. "When transitioning to a harmful pathogen, NTHI defends against increased production of AMPs by using the Sap, which stands for sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides, proteins to arm against attack, " said Kevin M. Mason, PhD, principal investigator in the Center for Microbial Pathogenesis at The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and lead study author. "Yet, it's unclear just how the Sap transporter complex provides protection against AMPs." "It seems that NTHI senses the presence of these immune molecules, steals them from the host and arms itself to protect against future attacks," said Dr. Mason. "NTHI imports AMPs into the bacterial cell and then degrades them in the interior of the cell. By remodeling its membranes, the bacterium appears as already attacked, which protects it from being bothered by additional AMPs. Basically, transporting AMPs acts as a counter strategy to evade innate immune defense and ultimately benefits the bacterium nutritionally." This study provides the first direct evidence that the protein SapA contributes to bacterial survival by providing protection from AMPs in the host. Dr. Mason says that targeting the Sap transport system may provide a way to use AMP derivatives as alternatives to antibiotics to treat NTHI infections. "Our long-range goal is to block this uptake system and starve the bacterium of essential nutrients. If we could develop a small molecule inhibitor that could block binding and transport, we could render NTHI susceptible to immune attack, while preserving the body's normal bacteria that are often disrupted by conventional antibiotic use." Source: Nationwide Children's Hospital You might also like... × Forgotten antibiotic may be useful in treating severe febrile urinary tract infections
Monthly Tip: December • December: Good Times to Talk/Listen to Your Child For Parents: 1. Folding the laundry together. 2. At a meal in a restaurant (don't stare!) 3. In front of the computer together. 4. When the parent wants to go to bed! 5. Ordinary routines such as cleaning the table, bringing in groceries. 6. After school over snacks. 7. In the bathroom while you are brushing your teeth or doing make-up. 8. When you are on the phone! 9. When the house is quiet. 10. While watching t.v. 11. While riding in the car. 12. On a walk together. 13. Doing outside activities such as raking leaves, putting up storm windows. 14. Any place where you talk indirectly. 15. Talk to them over the phone or via email. 16. Leave notes on kid's bed. 17. Talk to the pets about the kid in front of the kid! 18. Talk about other kids to your kid. 19. Talk hypothetically. ("What if..." or "I wonder...") NB: Don't stop what you are doing when your child opens up. Ask only questions that are action oriented. Remember to use Humor! (Keep it simple)
Skip to main content There has been a recent surge in pet parents considering raw, “human-grade,” limited ingredient, or freeze-dried food their cats and dogs. Freeze-dried cat food accounts for much less of the total cat food sold when compared to kibble or canned food, but it is a growing category. Because there are many health risks associated with dietary nutritional deficiencies in cats, many of which are irreversible or untreatable, it is always best to consult with your veterinarian or a board-certified veterinary nutritionist (ACVN diplomates may be found at when choosing an appropriate diet for your cat. Many factors are at play, including age, medical concerns, or medications that your cat may be on. This article covers the basics of freeze-dried food so you can make an informed decision about your cat’s diet. What Is Freeze-Dried Cat Food? Freeze-drying is a technique in which a food is frozen and put in a vacuum so that the water content of will sublimate (go from ice to vapor). The food product is then sealed in air-tight packaging. This removes all moisture from the food, making it more shelf-stable at room temperature for longer periods of time than non-freeze-dried foods. Freeze-dried cat food is a raw food product, meaning that is has not been cooked or pasteurized with heat. It may be sold on its own as a meal or a treat, or it may be used to coat kibble or mixed with kibble. How Is Freeze-Dried Cat Food Different From Raw Cat Food? There are several main differences between unprocessed raw food and freeze-dried cat food: • Moisture is removed from raw foods (freeze-drying process) to create freeze-dried food that is shelf-stable. • Freeze-dried is sold commercially, whereas unprocessed raw foods are typically homemade by pet parents or sold by local pet shops or butcher shops. This means they have undergone no alteration to attempt to decrease the bacterial or parasitic load that can be a problem associated with feeding raw. • Unprocessed raw foods also may not be regulated or nutritionally balanced, unless an owner is specifically working with a board-certified veterinary nutritionist to ensure that their pet’s diet is nutritionally complete. Is Freeze-Dried Cat Food the Same as Dehydrated Cat Food? Freeze-drying and dehydrating foods are two different techniques that are used to achieve the same goal of removing moisture to achieve a stable shelf life. While freeze-drying uses cold temperatures to achieve the removal of moisture, dehydration requires low heat. The amount of heat used is not enough to consider the food to be cooked, however. Freeze-dried foods often contain less moisture than dehydrated foods, so they may have a longer shelf-life, and freeze-dried foods may retain more vitamins than their dehydrated counterparts. Is Freeze-Dried Raw Cat Food Safe? There are inherent risks to feeding any sort of raw diet, both to your cat and to the people in your household. Cats and people with immunodeficiencies or other underlying medical conditions, as well as the young and the old, are especially prone to the adverse risks of having raw pet food in the house. Risk of Bacteria and Parasites The biggest concern with raw cat food is bacterial contamination, with E. Coli, Listeria, and Salmonella being the most common contaminants. Certain meats can also contain parasites and Clostridium. For example, a recent outbreak of tuberculosis in cats and their owners in the United Kingdom was traced back to a commercial raw cat food diet. Freeze-drying does help to decrease the number of pathogens in raw food, but many of these pathogens can survive freeze-drying, so no raw diet is truly safe, although commercial diets that have been freeze-dried may have a lower contamination amount than non-processed raw foods. It is also important to note that even if food producers are frequently testing ingredients for contamination, these foods can easily become contaminated after the testing process. While cats can get sick from eating raw diets, the biggest risk is posed to family members in the household. Normal cat activities such as grooming, playing, and cheek rubbing could cause humans to come into contact with contaminated saliva, not to mention handling the food, food bowls, and feces, which are likely to be contaminated. Risk of Nutritional Deficiencies In addition to the risk of pathogens, there is a real risk that both homemade and commercial raw diets may be nutritionally imbalanced. Unless you are working directly with a board-certified veterinary nutritionist to make food for your cat at home, or unless the pet food company directly employs a board-certified veterinary nutritionist, there is a real risk of illness due to nutritional deficiencies or imbalances. If you do choose to feed your cat raw food, check that it is labeled as a complete and balanced diet, as many freeze-dried products are meant to be food toppers, treats, or fed in conjunction with other foods, and are not meant to be the only source of nutrition. Risk for Cats or People With Health Conditions It is not recommended that your cat be fed raw food if they have underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, autoimmune disease, etc., or if there are immune-compromised people in the household, as there is a much higher risk of foodborne illness in these cases. Is Freeze-Dried Cat Food Better for Cats? While many people claim that raw food is healthier for cats and helps with disease resolution, there is currently no published, peer-reviewed scientific evidence that raw cat food is overall healthier for cats than commercial cooked dry or wet cat foods. There is evidence that raw meat, in general, is more digestible than cooked meat, but It is yet to be determined whether this single benefit is worth the risks associated with feeding raw food to cats. How Do You Prepare Freeze-Dried Cat Food? While freeze-dried, raw-coated kibble does not have to be rehydrated and is usually fed like normal dry cat food, many freeze-dried products do require rehydration with water or a pet-safe broth. If using a broth, it is best to check with your veterinarian first, as some broths may contain an unhealthy amount of sodium. Some freeze-dried products recommend using raw goat or cow milk to rehydrate the food, but that is not advised, as dairy can cause significant gastrointestinal upset in cats, and raw milk also has a high risk of pathogen contamination. Follow Food Safety Guidelines No matter how the cat food is prepared, it is extremely important to pay attention to food safety guidelines if you choose to feed your cat a raw diet. Wash your hands to avoid infection from Salmonella, E. Coli, or Listeria, which can be contracted simply by touching the raw food, or any surface that the raw food has touched. All surfaces and objects that come in contact with the food should be cleaned and disinfected. For more information on food-handling safety, check out the FDA recommendations. How Do You Store Freeze-Dried Cat Food? Freeze-dried cat food should be shelf-stable at room temperature. While storage and shelf-life can differ from product to product, most should be refrigerated once opened and should not be left out for more than an hour due to the risk of food poisoning. Remember, when in doubt, throw it out for safety! Any freeze-dried cat food product should have the expiration date and storage instructions clearly labeled. Featured image: Help us make PetMD better Was this article helpful?
Kosovo tops vaccination rates in Western Balkans Kosovo has the highest vaccination rate in the Western Balkans, despite being the last to start immunizing its population. 47% of Kosovo citizens have received at least one dose of the vaccine, and roughly 38% have been fully vaccinated. This puts Kosovo ahead of Serbia and Montenegro, which have administered at least one dose of the vaccine to 45% and 40% of their populations respectively. Albania is second from last with 34.5%, while Bosnia and Herzegovina trails behind with 23%. Kosovo saw a significant decrease in the number of active cases and deaths over the past two months, after implementing strict anti-pandemic measures starting in late August. Kosovo residents can only attend indoor events and visit restaurants and cafés if they had been vaccinated or could show a negative COVID-19 test. On Sunday, there were only 13 positive cases and no deaths. Comparatively, Albania registered 444 new positive cases and four deaths on Sunday alone.
How to Properly Tow a Vehicle Towing Winnpeg August 1, 2020 How to Properly Tow a Vehicle Method 1: Using a tow dolly A tow dolly lets youto tow a vehicle while allowing the towed vehicle to take some of theload off the towing vehicle. This is accomplished by letting the rearwheels rest on the ground while you tow the vehicle. This worksbetter when towing is front wheel drive vehicle, since a rear wheeldrive, or four-wheel drive, requires you to disconnect the driveshaft while traveling long distances. Towing using dollies Step 1: Connect the tow dolly. Attach the tow dolly coupler to the hitch ball onthe towing vehicle. This requires you to properly seat the coupler on the hitch ball and hand tighten the coupler until you have a tight and secure connection. Check that thecoupler is securely fastened by moving the tow vehicle forward slightly or pushing the dolly to the rear. Attach the safety chains from the dolly to the tow vehicle. This keeps the dolly connected to the tow vehicle even if the coupler comes off the hitchball. Tow a car using dollies Step 2: Load the towed vehicle. Drive the towed vehicle onto the dolly ramp facing forward. Ensure that the entire width of the towed vehicle fit on the ramps. Also, check all clearances, such as for spoilers, air dams, and other vehicle parts while loading. car dollies and straps Step 3: Secure the towed vehicle. Continue driving onto the dolly until both the fronttires are firmly against the wheel stops. Using the tire straps on the tow dolly, secure both front tires. Loop the towed vehicle security chains around a frame member on the towed vehicle. Keep the chains away from fuel and brake lines to prevent damage to these components. Step 4: Disconnect the driveshaft. On rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles, you need to disconnect the driveshaft to keep from damaging the transmission of the towed vehicle. You need to crawl underneath the vehicle and locate where the driveshaft connects to the differential. Once you have found the connection point of the driveshaft and differential, look for the u-joint that holds the driveshaft to the differential housing. Secure the driveshaft to the undercarriage of the towed vehicle using a strap or bungee cord. Make sure it is secured to a firm part of the frame, butnot the exhaust pipes. Remove the four bolts at the u joint. Next, push the drive shaft up as far as possible, adjusting the strap or bungee cord as needed. Screw the bolts back into the yoke on the differential housing. Alternatively, you can place them in a baggie in the glove box until needed again. Method 2: Using a trailer You will need the following materials: • Nylon straps or wheel nets Another method of towing a vehicle is to use a trailer. While safer than other methods, a trailer has its own drawbacks; the main one that the combination of the towed vehicle and trailer might be too heavy for the towing vehicle to handle. Towing using a trailer Step 1: Attach the trailer: First, you must securely attach the trailer to the hitchball of the tow vehicle. Make sure the trailer coupler is securely attached to the hitch bydriving the tow vehicle forward slightly. Attach the safety chains from the trailer to the tow vehicle. Connect the trailer wiring harness to the tow vehicle sockets. If the trailer comes with a brake battery, check its charge before setting out on a trip. Step 2: Load the vehicle. Next, extend the trailer ramps and drive the towed vehicle onto the trailer. Center the towed vehicle and drive it slowly up the ramps. Continue driving until the front tires are resting against the tire stops at the front of the trailer. Place the vehicle in park and set the parking brake. Tow a car using a trailer with straps Step 3: Secure thevehicle. The last step involves securing the towed vehicle to the trailer. Using nylon straps or wheel nets, position the straps over the center of the front tires. Ratchet the strap down until tight. Fasten the security chains to the front and back of the vehicle frame, making sure to avoid brake and fuel lines. Method 3: Using a tow bar Another method fortowing a vehicle is to use a tow bar. They allow all four wheels of the towed vehicle to rest on the ground while moving. When using atow bar, you need to disconnect the driveshaft to keep from damaging the transmission. Most often, tow bars are used in tandem with an RV to tow a vehicle for use while traveling crosscountry. towing a car using tow bar Step 1: Secure the brackets. Using the tow bar as a guide, find a strong part of the vehicle frame to attach a bracket on each side of the front of thetowed vehicle. This requires you to drill into the frame of your vehicle. The result is two brackets to which you can attach and detach the tow bar quickly. Step 2: Check the brake lights. Before hooking up the tow bar, make sure that the brake lights and turn signals of both vehicle work in tandem or use removable tail lights. Purchase a wiring system that connects and coordinates the brake lights and turn signals of both vehicles. Standard vehicles us a 12N electrical system for this purpose, while RVs use a 12S electrical system. Step 3: Attach the tow bar. Next, attach the tow bar to the towing vehicle. Start byattaching the tow bar brackets on the towed vehicle. You can do this by sliding the bolts through the ends of the tow bar that attach to the brackets attached to the car. Further secure the bolts using washers and nuts that correspond to the bolts size. Use a socket wrench to tighten. Next, attach the two tow bars coming from the brackets on the towed vehicle to the pivot bracket using the bolt, nuts, and washers that come with the tow bar.The pivot bracket connects to the part of the tow bar that either inserts directly into the hitch receiver or has a coupler that attaches to the hitch ball. Further secure the tow bar by attaching safety chains from the tow vehicle to the pivot bracket and from the base plate of the pivot bracket to the towed vehicle. You can tow a vehicle safely and easily by keeping certain precautions in mind.This includes properly attaching towing equipment, such as tow dollies, trailers, and tow bars, and making sure that you properly secure vehicles before towing.
Help protect the Great Barrier Reef with TensorFlow on Kaggle Join Challenge View source on GitHub Draws deterministic pseudorandom samples from a multinomial distribution. (deprecated) # samples has shape [1, 5], where each value is either 0 or 1 with equal # probability. samples = tf.random.stateless_categorical( tf.math.log([[0.5, 0.5]]), 5, seed=[7, 17]) logits 2-D Tensor with shape [batch_size, num_classes]. Each slice [i, :] represents the unnormalized log-probabilities for all classes. num_samples 0-D. Number of independent samples to draw for each row slice. output_dtype integer type to use for the output. Defaults to int64. name Optional name for the operation. The drawn samples of shape [batch_size, num_samples].
Earthquake storms and the electric Sun Earthquakes are natures deadliest killers! Some four thousand years ago the civilizations of the world were obliterated by a series of events that reshaped civilization. A catastrophic earthquake storm totally buried and destroyed cities throughout the middle east. Men, women and children were decimated and famine and plague curiously attended this civilization collapse! Doubt this? Then listen to English archaeologist Katherine Kenyon, excavator of both Jericho and Jerusalem: The final end of the early Bronze Age civilization came with catastrophic completeness. Jericho was probably completely destroyed. Every town in Palestine that has so far been investigated shows the same break. All traces of the early Bronze Age civilization disappeared. earthquake storms weather Watch the Earthquake Storms video on MungoFlix (Ancient Destructions video streaming site) French archaeologist Claude Schaeffer looked at numerous excavation sites and realized this was a worldwide event. That means Australia too! The Geology of Melbourne’s Port Phillip bay indicates numerous tectonic upheavals unmatched in recent history. Could this deadly “earthquake storm” scenario have been repeated in Victoria? Aboriginal mythology from the “Bunurong” tribe fearfully record just such a catastrophic event. Writing in 1850, Governor LaTrobe, a world travelled geologist, noted evidence of ancient massive earthquakes around Maribyrnong and recounts that in “Wathaurung” aboriginal mythology the Yarra once flowed out to Western Port Bay until diverted by an incredible earthquake! Dating all this however is difficult for Schaeffer proved there was at least five worldwide catastrophic events followed by lesser echoes down the ages. His conclusion was that these deadly scenarios shaped the ascent of man. Schaeffer maintained natures’ catastrophes controlled the rise and fall of civilizations. Only arrogant man convinces himself otherwise. But what do we mean by nature? Some of the latest researches are showing that it is the Sun that not only controls our weather but is responsible for earthquakes. Weather, according to Henrik Svensmark, runs parallel to the sun’s coronal mass ejections(CMEs) but earthquakes in most cases, correspond to sunspot minimums. Sunspots are those little black spots on the sun (each spot as big as the Earth) from which solar flares and CMEs leap out towards earth. During high solar activity the electric birkeland currents connecting the Sun and Earth charge up and excite the Earth’s buried Telluric current circuitry. When, as in every eleven years, the number of sun spots drop off to nearly zero the Earth reacts. Then the stored electric energy discharges its pent up energy. Tremendous forces are released from the Earth’s circuitry. Result? Earthquakes and violent lightning storms and winds! For instance, during the “Maunder Minimum” there was a period from 1640 AD to 1710 AD of no sun spots. Messina and Catania in this time were totally destroyed by earthquakes. Coincidence? Deadly earthquakes abound in history. Antioch 523BC(death toll 250,000), Sicily 1646 AD and 1693 AD( death toll 150,000), Jamaica 1693 AD Lisbon 1755 AD, Shaanksi – China 1558 AD (death toll 850,000)to name a few. Currently the earthquakes are centered around the rings of fire where the worlds Volcanic activity occurs. Yes, volcanoes, earthquakes and Tsunamis are related! But will the hot spots remain along these grids? Governor Latrobe maintained that Melbourne’s history shows NO! Changing electric astronomical influences may unexpectedly throw tectonic plate theory into chaos ! Peter Mungo Jupp If you like this please share with your friends and followers • steve my yoga teacher taught me that the world has ended 5 times already, that we usually assumed it was our fault. he thought that was kind of funny the way people think it’s all about them. • mungo yes beyond our control. How arrogant to think we control Earth
Working on multithreading A Smalltalk runtime that is able to execute concurrent sequences of code would be very useful. Seeing the rise of multicore/multiprocessor hardware and the direction the industry is taking, increasing the amount of cores in processors each year, makes us think we should be prepared. The simplest way of making use of multiple cores is to just avoid threads and directly work on multiple processes, connected by some kind of IPC. This is easier because different processes share nothing, except what you explicitly choose. Isolation helps program safety concurrency wise, as two fully separated processes cannot have race conditions between them. Then you would ask, why not just use processes? The main reason is that threads can be lighter and, in some way, more straightforward (as different threads share all their memory and resources). But also the question can be stated conversely, why not threads? Giving the option of using threads would be nice, so why not? There are lots of VMs wandering around out there supporting a myriad of different languages, but not many allow multithreaded execution of code (some notable exceptions are JVM, Jikes and CLR). Being able to execute many threads can simplify some VM implementation details and complicate others. Then, in order to understand how we can make a multithreaded Bee, we should better deep into what are the inherent problems of concurrent code execution. There's an important point to add here. If we want to explore if it is possible to support concurrent independent smalltalk threads, we should do it a this stage, and wait no longer. As we'll see here, threading support can affect many system design decisions, so adding it later can require lots of changes and make it too costly. Also, adding threading support to a minimal system is a lot easier than to a big one. Then, to facilitate development, we should strive to make it work very well from the beginning, and then analyze how it behaves with each addition to the system. Basic implementation and testing The basic problems that arise when writing multithreaded code are related to resource access. Usually, race conditions start popping, because of unsynchronized concurrent accesses to memory locations. Good programmers write code in a way that avoids most pitfalls that lead to race conditions, but there always are some corners to cut. Avoiding global variables is the starting point of thread-safe code. Unfortunately, Smalltalk is plagued by global variables. Symbols, classes, the Smalltalk global, all the meta-model is global in Smalltalk, so we have a bad starting point. But if we think a bit, many of these things are immutable and most rarely change. The way we test the multithreading scenario is also interesting. For now, we decided to go for a simple test. Instead of implementing and testing some known multithreaded algorithm, we just take all of our tests and run them in parallel. That is, \| selectors results \| selectors := self allTests. results := selectors concurrentCollect: [:selector \| self runTest: selector]. ^results conform: [:result \| result] FixedSizeCollection>>#concurrentCollect: aBlock \| answer size token \| size := self size. token := Object new. answer := self species new: size. answer atAllPut: token. to: size do: [:index \| [\| x y \| x := self at: index. y := aBlock evaluateWith: x. answer at: index put: y] forkThread]. [answer includes: token] whileTrue: []. We still have to think the API we are going to implement but this is a nice starting point. Finally, we should emphasize that are planning the 'do nothing' kind of thread support here. This means, we are not going to add synchronization locks all around the system. It is the developer who knows how threads are going to be used, should him be the one that configures the necessary locking. But there are some points were the system should know that there can be many threads out there, lets explore them. A good example is object allocation. In bee, objects are allocated by aGCSpace. When receiving new, the class calculates the amount of space needed and sends #allocate: bytes to the global gcSpace. If many threads are allocating objects in the same gcSpace, they should better synchronize the allocation. Look at this naive implementation of allocate: GCSpace>>#allocate: size \| answer next \| answer := nextFree. next := answer + size. nextFree := next. Now suppose two threads fall into #allocate: at roughly the same time. It could happen that both threads read the same value of nextFree (the one before updating), returning a same address for two different objects. This will quickly lead to random memory corruption and undeterministic program crashes. There are two main ways of solving this: replacing the global gcSpace with many smaller spaces, or adding some kind of mutex. The figure shows both options, notice that while shared spaces need a mutex, split spaces get only half of the total address space for each one. There's also the option to mix both things, each gcSpace having independent pages, wouldn't need a mutex to allocate individual objects withing the page. When the page is exhausted it could take more pages from a global space, accessed with a mutex. That would be the most efficient trade-off, but would complicate implementation. For now, lets check the simplest mutex solution: GCSpace>>#allocate: size \| answer next \| mutex _busyWait. answer := nextFree. next := answer + size. nextFree := next. mutex _release. where mutex is a 4-bytes byteArray initialized to -1, (-1 meaning lock is free). low-level mutex The figure shows the implementation of both #_busyWait and #_release. The array starts with -1. xchg swaps the values of [eax] and ecx, atomically. Thus, the value of ecx after xchg can be 0 or -1. If it is -1, it means the lock was free, so we are clear to go. If its value is 0, it means somebody else has already reserved the lock and we have to wait. Notice that in that case the xchg didn't make any change in memory, as both [eax] and ecx were 0. In this implementation there is no "wait", we continue reading the mutex until it becomes -1. For #_release, we have to use lock prefix to give dec instruction atomic semantics (xchg is always atomic thus doesn't require lock prefix). Also notice that just after acquiring the lock we read the value of next free. We have to be careful that processors don't reorder reads and writes in this sensitive code sections, or the lock would become useless. We know this won't be a problem because instructions with lock semantics assure this reordering will not happen. This was a simple solution so we didn't need to split the global gcSpace. But there are other not thread-safe places. When looking at native code for example, there are some inherently unsafe points. Call site patching If you recall the post about lookup, after doing lookup and before method activation comes call site patching. Supose we are sending #yourself, before patching we have this assembly at call site: [68 4-bytes address] push #_yourself [FF 15 4-bytes address] call [(Object>>#_lookupAndInvoke:) nativeCode] which the call site patcher transforms to: [90] nop [90] nop [90] nop [90] nop [90] nop [90] nop [E8 4-bytes displacement] call (Object>>#yourself) nativeCode The transformation is done by overwriting the 11 bytes, with three consecutive 4-byte writes (one byte is written twice). A second thread could fall after the first patch of 4 bytes, finding this [90] nop [90] nop [90] nop [90] nop [??] (#_yourself oop most significant byte) the are not many satisfying solutions to this problem. One trick could be to insert a back jump at first write, like this [EB FE] jmp -2 [90] nop [90] nop [??] (#_yourself most significant byte) but what happens if thread B was already decoding the push instruction when the write was issued. Is decoding atomic? This approach isn't satisfactory so we didn't apply it. Another way (we haven't implemented it yet), is to avoid instruction replacement in favor of instruction mutation, always issuing the same kind of call. We could directly do this from the beginning: [E8 4-bytes address] call (Object>>#_lookupAndInvokeYourself:) nativeCode notice that this (Object>>#_lookupAndInvokeYourself:) would indirectly call lookup: (Object>>#_lookupAndInvokeYourself:) nativeCode [68 4-bytes address] push #_yourself [FF 15 4-bytes address] jmp [(Object>>#_lookupAndInvoke:) nativeCode] this is almost exactly the same code we had at call site, just that we have extracted it into a separate native code, and changed the call for a jump (avoiding a double call). The patch of the call site will not replace the instruction -it will still be a direct call- but will only mutate the address: [E8 4-bytes address] call (Object>>#yourself:) nativeCode the problem here is that movs are not guaranteed to be atomic, unless aligned to the size you are moving. Then we should assure that the call site 4-byte displacement is correctly aligned (inserting nops if needed), like this: 0x100000 [90] nop 0x100001 [90] nop 0x100002 [90] nop 0x100003 [E8 4-bytes displacement] call (Object>>#yourself) nativeCode and we are still assuming this won't break instruction decoding. We shall experiment and see what happens, but luckily AMD Application Programming manual (3.11 Cross-Modifying Code), seems to prove us right. We could also have a per-thread code cache, but I think it's a bit expensive and unnecesary. For now, we just disabled call-site patching in multithreading targets. Global Lookup Other problem with lookup is the global dispatch cache. This is not a thread-safe object and it will never be. Lookup is executed frequently and can be slow, so we cannot leave other threads blocked waiting for a lock. This cache contains an internal lookup table that is altered on frequently so accessing it without a lock corrupts it quickly. The solution we implemented is to have one dispatch cache per thread (you could also have one per core to optimize resources, the dispatch cache measures roughly 4kb). To allow this, we reified the Thread object. A thread object contains a dispatchCache. When created, a thread executes a block, first doing initialization: Thread class>>#newOn: aBlock ^self new execute: aBlock Thread>>#execute: aBlock \| method entrypoint \| method := self _lookup: #value:. entrypoint := [ self setCurrent. aBlock value]. method newThreadOn: entrypoint Thread>>#value: aBlock aBlock value KernelLibrary tlsSetValue: tlsThreadIndex with: self. KernelLibrary tlsSetValue: tlsGlobalDispatchCacheIndex with: globalLookup The code is a bit complex because we have to call CreateThread function (done by newThreadOn:). We are not executing the incoming block directly but putting it inside entryPoint, which first initializes the thread and then evaluates it. You can see in #setCurrent that we implemented Thread Local Storage support. This allows us to access thread-specific information (like the currentThread object), though fs segment register indirection. Thread class>>#current ^tlsThreadIndex _getThreadValue Windows mantains the fs segment register to always point to the TIB (thread information block) segment. This TIB is a buffer that contains a lot of thread information, and has some free slots for storing user-specific thread data. We are making use of one of these slots to store the current thread object, from which we can obtain the dispatch cache. In the figure we can see the assembly code required. A little race condition we found was related to FFI. Consider this method: CLibrary>>#strlen: aString <api: strlen ulong ulongReturn> it makes a call to the native strlen function in C standard library, passing aString address and converting the result to an integer. At compile time, the compiler sees the api: pragma and insterts an extra literal to the generated compiled method, a byte array. This byte array encodes the address of strlen and the types of the arguments and return value. The function address makes the first 4 bytes of the byte array, and is calculated lazily: it is initialized to FF FF FF FF, and set the first time the method is invoked. atomic vs. non atomic memory writes With multithreaded applications, many methods may be activating the method at the same time. All of these activations should read FF FF FF FF or the correct address of strlen, and there shouldn't be any problem. But there is. If the read and write of the address are not atomic, an invocation may find that the address is something like FF FF xx xx, where the last 2 bytes have been written and the first 2 not. As unlikely you think this can be, it happened to us! The simplest way to avoid this problem is two fold: first, take advantage of x86 architecture, which guarantees atomic 32-bit read/writes if the memory address read/written is 32-bit aligned; second, to issue the read/write as one 32-bits operation (and not to split it in 2 16-bits or 4 8-bits). The figure above shows two examples of not-atomic operations, and an atomic one. The first store is unaligned so the processor doesn't guarantee atomicity. The second is split in two stores. Each of them is 16-bit aligned and, as a consequence, 16-bit atomic, but not 32-bit. A second thread could read the memory just after first 16-bit write and before the second 16-bit write. The third is an aligned write. x86 arquitecture assures this will be issued atomically. Going back to our problem, we know the function address is 32-bit aligned because it lays at the beginning of the byte array which, as any other object, is 32-bit aligned. But our uLongAtOffset:/uLongAtOffset:put: implementation was splitting the ulong in two, to avoid problems with big integers. The solution was to change our implementation of uLongAtOffset family assuring that reads and writes are done in one operation. As usual with race conditions, solving the problem took just minutes, finding it out, many hours. Here we gave many implementation details of some of the problems we faced when entering this crazy multithreading world. We are still learning, so there might still be undetected problems, but we believe there aren't going to appear major road blocks. There are of course some unanswered questions. We are still thinking how we are going to face thread barriers, like how are we going to stop all threads for GC? We could just maintain a counter that is increased on activations and back-jumps, and peek for events from time to time. This might reduce performance, maybe we can avoid counting by doing some tricks with SuspendThread. In this latter case we should be careful as SuspendThread is not thought to be used within the same process but from the outside (mainly for debuggers). To conclude this post, we attach a simple multithreaded test program. This just runs all tests in parallel and shows the results in console. To run, $> wine bee.sll runAllConcurrent to run on linux/mac; on windows, rename to bee.exe. There isn't much too see but the non-deterministic order of finalization of the tests. If you were hoping to see a command line interface that parses smalltalk, compiles, nativizes and finally executes it, stay tuned, we already have a working prototype and need to find time to write(no joke!). See you in next post! Here is bee.sll Entradas populares de este blog Connecting the dots Plugging Bee JIT and Compiler Pre-releasing Bee Smalltalk
What are some simple ways you can evangelize? What is an example of evangelism? Evangelism is defined as the spreading or preaching of Christian teachings, or spreading the word about a cause. An example of evangelism is what Baptist minister Billy Graham does on television. Sharing news of something in order to convince someone to join or otherwise accept it. What is evangelism simple? Evangelism is the Christian practice of preaching about Jesus Christ to both Christians and non-Christians. … Evangelism is done in obedience to the Great Commission, a command from Jesus to his disciples to convert others, as recorded in the New Testament. What is the main purpose of evangelism? Why is evangelism so important? At its core, the Great Commission, evangelism, is sharing the good news of salvation, forgiveness, and grace. … Without those things, we would all be lost without hope, without a savior, and would have to endure the consequences of sin—death. How do you share your salvation with others? How to Share Your Faith 1. How to Share Your Faith in God With Others. 2. Represent Jesus in the Best Possible Way. 3. Be a Friend by Showing Love. 4. Be a Good, Kind, and Godly Example. 5. Submit to Authority and Obey God. 6. Pray for God to Open a Door. 7. More Practical Ways to Share Your Faith By Being an Example. IMPORTANT: Can an ordained Baptist deacon perform weddings? How can we share the gospel with others? How do you share the gospel? 1. Draw on your strengths. 2. Listen well, and meet people where they are. 3. Consider your cultural context. 4. Be ready to learn something new about the gospel yourself. 5. Treat other cultures and faith traditions with respect. 6. Share the gospel with other Christians, too.
Precautions Before Traveling Precautions Before Traveling Travel is the movement of humans between distant geographic locations. Travel can sometimes be done by car, bicycle, foot, plane, train, bus, boat or other mode, with or without cargo and can either be one way to another or round trip traveling. It is usually accompanied by activities like eating, sleeping and socializing. There are many ways by which people can travel around the world today, including air travel, sea travel, land transportation, trains, automobiles, boats and bikes. The method of travel does not necessarily have to involve travel in a vehicle, but can include using planes, trains and buses to get from one place to another. Travel within countries is also possible. Based on the United Nations Statistics Division, the world’s total population was approximately over 365 billion people as of the year 2021. Based on these statistics, approximately 80 million people worldwide have to travel more frequently than once in a year to reach their destinations. There are many reasons as to why people travel, but the most popular are employment, business, pleasure, education, visits to friends and family, visiting tourist attractions and other public interests. Most of the world’s travelers face three common concerns related to their travel across national borders, including security issues, entry requirements at destinations and the cost of international travel. Security issues faced by travelers range from security checkpoints to strict rules on immigration, quarantine facilities and screening of luggage at airports. In the United States, immigration requirements and screenings are among the most strenuous for travelers, and some locales have reported that public health officials have imposed quarantines for travelers to make travel to the area easier. Quarantines can vary widely, depending on the nature of the disease that has been identified, the proximity of the traveler’s point of origin and his/her level of care prior to traveling. The Department of State advises all travelers to obtain a health declaration form before traveling, which is often called a passport for travelers. This form is a general outline of the personal details of the traveler, such as his date of birth and passport number. It is necessary for travelers to be in possession of a health declaration form when traveling outside of their home country. Travelers age 12 years and older who are eligible for student travel must complete and sign a consent form allowing the institution to review their health records for purposes of providing pre-existing medical conditions or treatment. Travelers may also need to undergo a routine viral test to confirm if they have a fever or any other type of illness likely to cause an illness during travel. This viral test can be conducted two to ten days before departure. If travelers do not have a positive result within the first five days after travel, they should consult their physician for further advice. Travelers who test negative between the first week and the tenth week after travel are allowed to return to their home country. Travelers age 21 years and over who fail a viral test should not plan to travel to any country where the prevalence of the illness is unknown. As a precaution, travelers should be aware of the dangers that can come from travelling to countries with weaker health care systems. Some travelers experience symptoms like urinary tract infection, dehydration, diarrhea, or stomachaches just hours after being away from the hotel. For this reason, travelers should be mindful of their diet and try to eat as healthy as possible. Travelers can increase their immunization levels by visiting the doctor before leaving on their trip and by remaining vigilant with regard to symptoms. Travelers should also be aware that contagious diseases carry the possibility of transferring to others, so they should be quarantined once they have returned home.
Skip to main content Updated date: Oxygen on Mars, NASA has achieved great success. Oxygen on Mars, NASA has achieved great success Oxygen on Mars, NASA has achieved great success. Washington (Web Desk) - The US space agency NASA has succeeded in producing oxygen, an essential element for life on the Red Planet. According to details, NASA's space mission Perseverance on Mars has succeeded in producing oxygen from carbon dioxide. On April 20, the Presence Mars Rover collected carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere and converted it into breathable oxygen. This feat of NASA's modern and new spacecraft The six-wheeled robot completed its 60th day on Mars. The mission landed on Mars on February 18. The main purpose of NASA's mission is to find traces of life on Mars. At the same time, the spacecraft is being used for other scientific experiments. Considering that NASA's atmosphere is full of carbon dioxide, a toaster (toast heating machine) on the spacecraft to meet this goal. One such device, called MOXIE, is the Mars Oxygen Incentive Resource Utilization Experiment. The device separated oxygen atoms from carbon dioxide molecules, and heated the gas to about 1470 degrees Fahrenheit to produce carbon monoxide. During the first experiment with this device, 5 grams of oxygen Developed, allowing an astronaut to breathe in his space suit for up to 10 minutes, NASA says the success of the experiment has provided a new source for future missions, especially missions involving humans in rockets to Mars. Will be sent to, where they will need oxygen. NASA says a rocket carrying 4 humans to Mars will need to send 55,000 pounds of oxygen, but it is not possible to send such a large amount of oxygen to Mars, so this new technology will help the Red Planet for future missions. Detection will be easier. Note that this is the first time that oxygen has been successfully produced somewhere outside the Earth. The mission is actually searching for traces of microbial life on Mars, which existed on Mars 3 billion years ago, when the fourth planet in the solar system was warmer, damper and potentially more conducive to life than the sun. Yes, scientists have expressed hope for that. Related Articles
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary Jump to navigation Jump to search See also: rube and Rube From Middle High German ruobe, rüebe, from Old High German ruoba, from Proto-Germanic rōbǭ (found also in Middle Low German rōve and Middle Dutch roeve, while Swedish rova and Danish roe (olim rove) are suspected Middle Low German borrowings, not so Old Norse rófa (tail), Icelandic rófa (tail, swede)), related to Latin rāpa, rāpum, Proto-Slavic rěpa, Albanian rrapë and Proto-Iranian (h)rabā́š. Different ablaut: Old High German raba, Middle High German rabe, Early New High German Rabe, Rape, Rappe, Alemannic German Rābi, from Proto-Germanic rēbǭ. All meaning beets or turnips. • IPA(key): /ˈryːbə/ • (file) Rübe f (genitive Rübe, plural Rüben, diminutive Rübchen n) 1. a cover term for a variety of Old-World root vegetables including: 1. beet 2. turnip 3. rutabaga 4. carrot 5. radish 6. parsnip 7. root parsley 8. celeriac 2. (specifically) Beta (genus within the family Amaranthaceae) 3. (even more specifically) Beta vulgaris 4. (colloquial) head, bonce, noggin Derived terms[edit] Further reading[edit] • Rübe” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache • Rübe” in Duden online
A few years ago, an astronomy professor at Columbia University, David Kipping, guessed that hypothetical alien civilizations might zap black holes using lasers to explore the galaxy invisibly. So is this the reason why haven’t we found aliens in space yet? Why does the human race think intelligent life would exist? The reason many people and scientists think intelligent life would exist is because of probability. The universe is so big, even if aliens are extremely rare, many assume that extraterrestrial life has or will have evolved somewhere among the estimated billions of planets. Intelligent life may have evolved like animals but may not be advanced enough to contact our planet. After exploring various worlds closely, some people do not think aliens exist in the solar system and have not found any hint. However, many scientists look elsewhere for a shred of evidence. Humans Searching in hard to reach places for Extraterrestrial Life Now, a geologist explains humanity’s search for intelligent life in space is the wrong place. The advanced telescopes and numerous space exploration have helped humanity unveil many exoplanets from which some have similarities to our planet. These star systems refer to the planets with atmosphere and temperature the same as Earth flourish. The star systems are dimmer than by our sun and governed by the red dwarf stars. Let’ take what Professor Kipping said as an example, “If they’re so numerous, so long-lived, potentially trillions of years, and so they seem to have everything going for them.” “It’s odd then that we don’t live around a red dwarf,” he added. He presented the “red sky paradox” in the latest paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences’ June issue. In the article, the astronomy professor argued that even if the red dwarf stars are known as five times more yellow stars like our solar system’s sun that possibly sustain planets like Earth, the life we know exists on the yellow star systems. Besides, no evidence is found that life exists on red dwarf star systems. Kipping suggested solutions to the paradox by developing three possibilities with his team: Chance, Circumstance, and Lifespan. He then made an argument that the paradox can be solved. First, if something keeps the red dwarf star systems from developing Earth-like life or humanity is extraordinary. Lastly, if red dwarf starts are about trillions of years in lifespan, making them not age yet. Other Reasons Why Humanity Have Failed to See Aliens If scientists fail to evidence that life exists in red dwarf star systems, it indicates that life found on Earth is more memorable. However, if life’s development process is universal, the paradox that humans have not found life with five times more red dwarfs and billions of sun-like stars becomes even more vital. Meanwhile, here are other reasons why we have not found aliens yet: Aliens are Hibernating Based on the “aestivation hypothesis,” most aliens hibernate. It is like our bears, but for more extended periods. The scientists assume that any advanced civilization eventually merges with machines to form an entirely digitized society that has the capabilities to think, act, and function beyond imagination. However, the problem is the cooling. For instance, the Earth’s processing systems are ten times more efficient if in an environment that is ten times colder. As a result, digital aliens may consider the logic of hibernation for a few trillion years or while the universe still expands and cools. So, they can have more processing power to do critical activities, such as conquering the galaxy. Most Young Rocky Planets Have Extremely Unstable Climates According to the “Gaian bottleneck hypothesis,” most young rocky planets not older than one billion years come with volatile climates. So, these planets will eventually grow too cold or too hot for life to exist for a long time. About four billion years ago, planets had the proper conditions to hold life or even became a sanctuary of simple microorganisms. However, only early life on Earth has evolved rapidly since the world releases many gases into the atmosphere necessary to stabilize the climate. Perhaps the reason for not finding intelligent life yet is because they are all dead. Intelligent Life Flourishes in a Completely Different Environment Another possible reason aliens are still elusive is that they could flourish in an environment safe from radiation and temperature fluctuations. Worlds like Enceladus, Europa, and Pluto have an icy shell above a massive underground ocean that may offer a better incubator for aliens than planets like Earth, which are vulnerable to high-energy radiation and extreme temperature striking the surface. If that is the case, any alien would be swimming in these worlds. This scenario shuts them off from the rest of the universe, making it impossible for them to communicate. Dark Energy Split Earth life and Intelligent Life Apart The universe expands while galaxies move farther apart. So, we see distant stars appear dimmer. Those are because of dark energy, an invisible substance. Scientists speculate that in a matter of a few trillion years, that substance will eventually stretch the universe, making us no longer see any galaxies’ light beyond the closest cosmic neighbours. So, if we do not explore the universe as early as possible, we may lose the chance of finding aliens forever. The stars become entirely inaccessible and unobservable, according to some scientists. That means humans are on a strict deadline to discover and meet aliens. If we want to keep ahead of the so-called dark energy, we need to expand our civilizations into galaxies before drifting away. The more galaxies being reached, the better. However, fueling that growth is not an easy process. Rearranging the stars might be necessary, but also, we must continue to search the Earth and the oceans. All of the ideas above are critical in making a significant number of assumptions about how aliens would evolve, operate, or communicate. Thus, while there is new evidence about their existence, humans are still motivated to search for what may be human history’s most significant discovery – the aliens. Leave a Reply
What is the smallest flashlight? What is a mini flashlight? Mini flashlights are specifically designed to be easy to carry, lightweight, and very efficient. … Some mini flashlights are also small enough to fit onto a keychain! How many lumens is a small flashlight? An average flashlight emits 100 lumens, which makes it ideal for urban and suburban areas. These are typically still pocket sized lights that are also good for “Everyday Carry Lights”, or EDC flashlights. You can search for things within 20-30 feet. How many lumens is a iPhone flashlight? Generally, the flashlight is measured in Lumens, but Apple hasn’t mentioned in iPhone specifications how much brighter the iPhone’s flashlight is. One of the enthusiasts had mentioned that iPhone X’s flashlight is around 50 Lumens at maximum and 12 Lumens when setting to a minimum. IT IS SURPRISING: What happens to the resistance of a filament lamp as the filament gets hotter?
News & Features » News The number of Americans passing the GED is dropping rapidly. Why? And who's left behind? Page 5 of 7 The Common Core standards are the driving force behind the new GED test's content changes and are somewhat difficult to explain. For years, many college educators thought that high schools were not preparing their graduates well enough for college curricula, and there was a movement to rectify that. In the end, rote learning was replaced by analysis, placing a greater importance on why facts were relevant and how they could be used, not what they were. They first began getting traction in the mid-1990s among university presidents who thought their freshman students were ill-prepared. By the late 2000s, Microsoft CEO Bill Gates started championing educational changes through his foundation. Some 44 states eventually adopted the standards, though a dozen or so are now rethinking their educational policies, sometimes by way of reflection on how it has performed, sometimes by way of conservative backlash at what the fringes claim as lefty conspiratorial endeavors into schools. Along the way, the thought process went like this: If the country were to change what students were expected to know upon graduation from high school, then the test that allowed dropouts to graduate must also reflect those changes. The problem in that assessment: Only 40 percent of those who passed the GED went on to any higher educational pursuits, and of those, only a small fraction (single-digit percentages, according to most studies) attended college for more than a year. The vast majority of those taking the GED were doing so for employment opportunities. Measuring job-ready skills was an afterthought in the Common Core standards from the beginning. The "workplace" aspect of the standards is only mentioned at the end of the executive summary in a cursory manner in an essay called "The American Diploma Project," one of the early Common Core studies published in 2004: "States have developed high-school assessments without much regard for what colleges need, and colleges use admissions and placement exams that are disconnected from the curriculum students study in high school. The result is too many tests and a mixed set of messages to students, parents and teachers about which ones matter most. States must streamline their assessment systems so that high-school graduation and college admissions and placement decisions are based on student achievement of college and workplace readiness content." A heavily shared Facebook post earlier this year from a frustrated parent illustrated the controversy over the new standards. The father published a picture of a homework assignment for his fifth-grader: Subtract 316 from 427. Instead of stacking the two numbers on top of each other and subtracting vertically to reach 111, the assignment wanted the elementary school student to use a linear approach, where the student would get the answer by subtracting 100 from 427 three times, then 10 once, then one six times. The father wrote to the teacher, as a frustrated parent and electrical engineer, that he couldn't get the right answer using the Common Core approach. "In the real world, simplification is valued over complication," he added. GED tutors and teachers echo his sentiment – that the new standards overcomplicate the test. The math portion, for example, used to include fairly straightforward questions without dipping into wordy presentations and ventured little beyond basic algebra. The new test emphasizes more algebra and geometry, as well as polynomials, graphing and quadratic equations. A question from a sample test illustrates the verbose nature of the problems: Cilia are very thin, hair-like projections from cells. They are 2.0 x 10-4 millimeters wide. What is the maximum number of cilia that would fit side by side – without overlapping – across a microscope slide that is 25 millimeters wide? a. 8.0 x 10-6 b. 1.25 x 10-3 c. 8.0 x 102 d. 1.25 x 105 Email us at Support Local Journalism. Join the Orlando Weekly Press Club
Kung Fu Belts A belt system is a common way to assign rank in martial arts. Most, if not all, styles have a belt system starting with a white belt and ending with a black belt; however, not every style has a belt system. Kung fu is one such example as is not typically deemed a ‘style’ in itself. The term kung fu is an umbrella term used to describe unarmed Chinese martial arts systems. Originally status was attained by age and experience, usually noted with a certificate. This changed when Jigoro Kano (the founder of judo) introduced a belt system to his martial art. The use of colored belts to denote skill evened the playing field when it came to sparring. Over the years that followed, the belt system slowly made its way into kung fu and certain changes were made to account for the different styles (i.e., sashes instead of belts). Sparring practice The most common style that incorporates a belt style is Shaolin Kempo Karate. What are the Belts? Colors vary between schools, but the most common ones are: • White • Yellow • Orange • Purple • Blue • Blue with stripe • Green • Green with stripe • Brown • Brown with stripe • Black There are also a few places that use red, purple, and gold before black belt as a part of their ranking systems. Belts with stripes White: The Start of the Journey Every student gets a white belt when they enroll in a martial art, so white belts aren’t considered a part of the ranks. You learn basic stances, how to kick and punch, as well as how to block strikes. Additionally, your confidence improves as you build core strength, flexibility, and endurance. Martial arts belts Techniques learned at white belt level include the sidekick, back kick, and cat stances among others. At yellow belt level, you still work on basics, but already have a good base on which to build your skills. You learn new ways of striking and how to use your upper body in unison with your lower body. As you reach orange belt, you’ve learned all the basic techniques and have built a solid foundation for your training. From here you start going into the more advanced techniques and weapon work. Purple belt is where you start to add momentum to your movements. This level is nicknamed ‘the spinning belt’ as this is where you learn to add momentum to your movements. You learn to transition between techniques, fall, and roll. You also learn to use timing to your advantage. This is the start of the advanced curriculum. Here, the focus shifts to your mental state, and you’re expected to look back on your training progress and reflect on how far you’ve come. You also start learning to refine your movements. Blue with Stripe Application is the name of the game here. You learn the meanings behind each animal’s form and how each animal differs. The point behind all this is to incorporate these things into your fighting style. Green belt further focuses on your mental wellbeing and ego management. The idea of pride going before the fall is the whole point of this level of training. This is where you start learning different, more advanced animal combinations as well as takedown and trapping techniques. Green with Stripe This is the next level of the green belt, and it works on making your movements unpredictable. Brown belt is where you focus on refinement of technique and the philosophy behind Shaolin Kempo Karate. You are encouraged to think critically about the ideas taught in the curriculum. Brown with Stripe The penultimate rank before the black belt levels, brown with stripe, is where your endurance is put to the test. Your dedication, commitment, and skills are tested to see whether or not you are ready for the challenges associated with the black belt ranks. Achieving the rank of black belt is the start of a new adventure. The skills you learn from here are highly advanced. The forms become longer and more complex, and you will learn something new on a regular basis. As you progress through the ranks, the curriculum will change to fit your skillset. You will become more advanced as you continue until you reach the rank of master. The Influences and Curriculum Something you may have noticed is that I mentioned animal forms a few times. Shaolin Kempo Karate draws influences from Shaolin Kung Fu, Karate, Kenpo (an umbrella term for a variety of martial arts), and various grappling-oriented styles of martial arts such as Japanese Jujutsu and Mongolian Wrestling. The curriculum covers four elements: 1. Striking 2. Kicking 3. Throwing (this element is also called ‘felling,’ and it includes shoving, tripping, and throwing). 4. Grappling Shaolin Kung Fu is the backbone of SKK and draws on the movements of five different animals: tiger, crane, dragon, leopard, and snake. Each animal covers a different piece of the curriculum. The idea is to have a well-rounded skill set at your disposal when you have to deal with potentially life-threatening situations. This is because Shaolin Kempo Karate was originally developed as a self-defense system. The Controversies Surrounding SKK Controversy seems to follow a few different disciplines in the martial arts realm. Shaolin Kempo Karate is no exception. The founder, Frederick J. Villari, has made claims that SKK is an unbeatable fighting system. As a result, he has become a very successful businessman, but he has faced criticism from the wider martial arts community. Some say that he had no authority to mix and match all the different styles. He’s also faced significant criticism for his use of instructional DVDs. Villari has also faced criticism for his apparent self-promotion to 10th and, later, 15th Dan; justifying these promotions by stating that he’d created a unique art with techniques that hadn’t existed beforehand. Kung Fu: Not Usually Associated with Belt Ranks Film stars like Jackie Chan, Cynthia Rothrock, and Bruce Lee have had a major part in spreading and popularizing kung fu around the world. That said, it isn’t typically associated with a belt rank system. When you think about kung fu, what comes to mind? The Shaolin Monks? Martial arts demos at Chinese New Year celebrations? Shaolin Monks When we think of a belt system in martial arts, we usually think of judo, taekwondo, or karate. This is because ‘kung fu’ is an umbrella term for Chinese martial arts systems, meaning that any Chinese martial art can be classified as kung fu. All styles – with the exception of tai chi – have different requirements for progressing through the system. In Closing I hope you found this article enjoyable and informative. As always, take care and I’ll see you all for the next one!
Themes in Literature and Culture Graphic Novels Themes in Literature and Culture Graphic Novels Essay #2 Criteria and possible topics Essay #1 must follow proper MLA format and all Out of Class Essay criteria from the syllabus. ï Times New Roman, 12 point, double spaced ï 1,200 words ï Internal citations and works cited entries based on proper MLA format Themes in Literature and Culture Graphic Novels Themes in Literature and Culture Graphic Novels o Without both, documentation grade is zero o Only one primary source is required, but you must use two outside academic sources (outside research) ï Third person pronoun usage ï Stay away from simple plot summary ï Literature analysis uses present verb tense ï Use the terms and ideas from Understanding Comics and from the literature analysis handouts from OWL Themes in Literature and Culture Graphic Novels ï You may create your own topic/thesis if you choose ï Topics must come from the following texts: o X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills o Dark Knight Returns o Watchmen Possible Topics: Note: You are free to change these topics, if you wish, to create new ideas. Remember, analysis is all about an interpretation that can be supported from the text. From X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills ï Explore the metaphor of mutants as a representation of real world prejudices. Why use a fictional concept, ìmutantsî to represent a very real problem? Themes in Literature and Culture Graphic Novels ï How do the authors use moral ambiguity to explore the motivations of characters, sometimes villainous characters? ï What connections does the novel have to our real world history and culture? ï Many different ideologies are at work in this novel. ï How do the authors mix superheroes and real world issues? Is the mix successful? ï How is the ìmoralî of the graphic novel shown? Is the theme of the novel a more realistic one? ï Explore the motivations of the villains of the novel. ï Many people feel that Marvel Comics inject realism into their superhero stories. How real does this story feel? Themes in Literature and Culture Graphic Novels ï Do the X-Men represent a diverse cast of characters? How is this shown? ï What do the X-Men represent in the fictional world that translates into real world concerns? Why give them powers, costumes, and secret identities? From Dark Knight Returns ï Why does Frank Miller change the age and time period of Batman for his novel? ï How effective is the darker, more edgy version of Batman? Do you see this version in modern incarnations of the character? ï Does this novel relate to the time it was written? Themes in Literature and Culture Graphic Novels ï What is the role of media, law enforcement, and or the establishment in this story? ï Does this novel relate to the incarnation of Batman that is shown in Paul Diniís Dark Night, the graphic novel we read earlier in the semester? ï Is there a significance of changing the character of Robin? ï Does this version of Batman relate to our modern world? If so, how? Can the modern incarnations of the character be totally different, in the opposite direction of the classic versions? Explain. ï Batman is a definite staple of popular culture. Does this translate into what we would consider classic literature? Explain. From Watchmen ï What is Alan Moore trying to say about the very concept of superheroes? Does he feel they are still relevant to our world? Do you feel he even cares for the idea? ï Create a character study of any character from the novel. What are their motivations? How do they fit into the overall theme and ideas of the graphic novel? ï What sorts of symbolism are at play in the graphic novel? Ex. The Comedianís smiley face pin, Nostalgia, vigilantes, Rorschachís mask, ï Explore the theme of obsolescent superheroes. Themes in Literature and Culture Graphic Novels ï How does the history of Watchmen mirror, yet deviate from, our real world? ï Does the fictional history of comics intersect with the fictional world of Watchmen? ï Explore moral ambiguity in the motivations and plot of the novel. ï Being the only ìsuperheroî in the graphic novel, why does Dr. Manhattan act the way he acts in the story? Why is he ambivalent to most aspects of humanity? ï The Comedian is seen as loathsome human being. However, he is a celebrated agent of the US government. Why have the character in this role? What is his role in the overall commentary on super heroics? ï Ozymandias is named after the poem by Percy Shelley. Using the poem, explain how the poem relates to the character? ï Ozymandiasís plot to unite the world is successful, to a point. How does this play off of the concept of being a ìheroî? Is Rorschachís ìsacrificeî a sense of his rigid concepts of total right and wrong? ï Compare Nite Owl and Rorschach. How do these characters relate to each other? Note: You may create your own topics, if you so choose. Try comparing various characters and novels. Just have the topic relate to the three novels we have covered. Unlike most other websites we deliver what we promise; • Our Support Staff are online 24/7 • Our Writers are available 24/7 • Most Urgent order is delivered with 6 Hrs Type of paper Academic level Subject area Number of pages Paper urgency Cost per page:
Fight corruption Fight corruption Corruption is the misuse of influence for the purpose of gain. It often manifests as conflicts of interest, favouritism, unethical decision making and the granting or taking of unethical benefits. It often takes place outside formal decision-making structures. Corruption is usually equated with the giving or taking of money, services or other benefits by a person in a position of authority in exchange for favours. Bribes do not need to be money; they can take the form of holiday trips, discounts, entertainment or other benefits. Bribery is only one form of corruption, and the majority of corruption manifests in other ways. Avoid cronyism Take conflicts of interest into account when managing the interests of an organisation. Conflicting interests can endanger motivation and decision-making ability. Avoid dual roles, i.e. situations in which a person simultaneously holds two roles, such as being both a bidding party and a decision-making party in competitive bidding. Do not unjustly elevate a person, company or other entity above others. Do not favour a family member or provide reciprocal or unlawful help to your friends or relatives. Cronyism refers to social circles that are more or less closed and whose actions are based on giving members reciprocal and unethical favours. Tools and further information for combating corruption on the Ministry of Justice’s website,
November 22, 2021 November 22, 2021 Exposing your child to foreign language learning seems to be the dream of most parents. However, the implementation sounds rather unnerving and disconcerting especially in our Ghanaian context where foreign language learning seems distant. It is possible you have not considered its short and long term effects on your child’s holistic development. Let’s now examine critically what a new language does to the child’s brain. The skill a child acquires in the process of language learning, particularly in a bilingual or multilingual context cannot be overemphasized. A child in such a context engages their brain in a wide range of processes such as distinguishing various sounds in the various languages, learning a bulk of vocabulary and structures, listening critically to decipher which language is being spoken at a given time in order to respond accordingly, etc. A careful consideration of these processes shows how the brain is intricately engaged, thus building the cognitive capacity of the child which eventually reflects in all areas of learning the child is involved in. According to Viorica Marian, Ph.D. and Anthony Shook, “The improvements in cognitive and sensory processing driven by bilingual experience may help a bilingual person to better process information in the environment, leading to a clearer signal for learning.” A recent study by Dr. Thomas Bak shows that, “young adults proficient in two languages performed better on attention tests and had better concentration than those who spoke only one language.” (Viorica Marian) Before any exchange of goods and services for value can take place, there has to be communication; Negotiation, spelling out of terms, contracts, clarifications, all these fundamentals require the use of language. Business is complex even between two people who understand each other, consider how much more complex it would be between two people who don’t. All these beg the question, what is ECOWAS doing about getting West Africans to speak to each other and understand each other, Anglophone countries have French in their curricula and Francophone countries have English in their curricula but as I have shown in my previous blog, people are not actually getting to a level of proficiency that allows them to hold basic conversations, practically it is next to useless what is being done in schools Easier brain adaptability When a child is exposed to learning a foreign language, what they are actually exposed to is a new culture, a new language structure, a whole new world of ideologies and philosophies. Not only that, their brain develops better in terms of adapting to diverse situations since the brain is used to/ exposed to switching from one language to the other. Healthier brain in old age Everyone dreads the frailty and chronic diseases that come with old age but foreign language learning can actually help allay your fears when it comes to those that afflict the brain at this stage of life. In a study by Dr. Thomas Bak, 853 participants were tested in 1947 when they were all 11 years old. In their early 70s, they were all retested in 2008 and 2010. The results revealed that the bilinguals performed better than expected. It was observed that general intelligence and reading levels were high. Research points to an average five year delay to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease in bilinguals compared to their monolingual counterparts. Beyond the general benefits of a better functioning brain, acquiring fluency in a foreign language holds enormous opportunities for your child. Find out in the next post.
Aventon Foldable Electric Bikes – What’s An Ebike? What is an Ebike? To place it short, an Ebike is a crossbreed lorry that was originally designed as a bicycle with both an electrical motor and also a battery. They resemble hybrid vehicles but have the advantage of not making use of both gas as well as electrical energy when they’re in activity. Instead they use their own source of power, which can either be a battery or a fuel engine. Although Ebikes have been around for quite a while, they are ending up being a lot more preferred in the last few years as even more individuals are realizing the advantages they supply. The reason even more individuals are choosing to utilize e-bikes is because they’re quiet, they’re simple to maneuver, as well as they’re reasonably inexpensive. The majority of e-bikes evaluate under 3 extra pounds, that makes them much easier to tackle than a standard bike. If you wish to ride your bike, you simply band it to your handlebars. You don’t need to bother with changing it as you would with a traditional bike. One thing you might ask is “What’s an ebike?” An ebike is likewise called an electric bike, recumbent bike, or just a bike. E-bikes are identified by their handlebars as well as their pedals. Whereas standard bikes have pedals, an ebike has no pedals. Aventon Foldable Electric Bikes Ebikes are not just taken into consideration to be a sort of bicycle, however likewise a method of transportation. Numerous Ebikes operate on electricity, so they can be utilized as a means of transport. This is most often used by those that have a great deal of problem climbing from a seated placement. Others utilize e-bikes as a way of exercising, because most of them are able to utilize their pedals in the event of an emergency situation. Ebikes have actually come a long way throughout the years. There was a time when bikes were absolutely nothing more than simple, normal bikes with expensive names. Today, electrical bikes have actually gone through a total remodeling, becoming what lots of people would certainly consider to be a full-fledged bike. The very first e-bikes were not very effective, but things have actually transformed greatly throughout the years. Today’s ebike is as reliable as any other motorbike available, and also a lot of are extremely streamlined and also contemporary in layout. If you have been asking the inquiry “what is an ebike?” for rather a long time, then it’s likely that you will certainly be ready to buy one of your own. Electric bikes are extra preferred than ever before, and you may find yourself wishing to acquire one immediately. If this is the case, make sure to take your time and look around before deciding, since you want to obtain the best bargain feasible. There are a few points you need to remember when you are buying an ebike. You need to to start with ensure that the motorbike you pick is legal in the place where you live. Some cities do not enable you to ride an ebike on the road as they consider them to be a prohibited task. Also, you require to inspect the motorcycle over carefully to make certain it does not have any kind of issues that might influence you while riding it. Finally, make sure you do not wind up spending even more money than you meant by acquiring a bike that has some sort of damage. If you are thinking of purchasing an elite, you ought to definitely find out more regarding them. Particularly, you will would like to know what the existing guidelines are so you can make an enlightened decision about whether or not you want to buy one. It is essential to keep in mind that bikes are still a reasonably new principle, and so there are lots of possible troubles that can occur as innovation proceeds additionally. Additionally, if you make a decision to proceed with purchasing an elite, you will certainly want to bear in mind that they have a tendency to cost a large amount greater than normal motorbikes. While you can save cash by looking around, it is also feasible to pay too much for something that turns out to be a dud. Aventon Foldable Electric Bikes
Essay Sample on Monopolistic Competition 2021-07-02 01:02:24 5 pages 1196 words Wesleyan University Type of paper: The demand curve of monopolistic competition is downward sloping from left to right. The slope of the curve indicates that as the prices of goods and services decrease the demand for these products increases. The slider has some implications in the monopolistic competition market. The reason for the shape of the demand curve is because the market does not influence the price of the product this implies that to some degree the firms are price takers, not price takers. (SDhingra 2012) Besides, there is less competition due to product differentiation unlike in a perfect competition market where there are excellent substitutes. By differentiating its products firms creates a situation where there are imperfect substitutes, and a company that works well on its products will attract the price they want without risking the number of customers they have. Monopolistic markets maximize their profits when they produce at a level where the marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. The downward sloping curve reflects the market power and the prices that the firm's charge will exceed the minimal cost. In this type of market, the suppliers will have excess production. In the short run, the monopolistic market will experience profits but are inefficient. A short sequence refers to a period where one factor of production is fixed, while others are variable. The market will maximize its profits when the marginal revenue is equal to the minimal cost. The price and output determination is as illustrated by the curve below. In the long run, this market is highly inefficient, and it can only break even. In the long term, all the factors of production are variable, and they can be adjusted to counter the shifts in demand. The firm will not gain make an economic profit but only break even. Because of the extended period that a company has to vary its factors of production, it can enter and exit an industry expand and reduce its capacity to produce. The illustration below explains the concept of price determination under the long run. Efficiency in a monopolistic competition In this type of market, there is no efficiently in an economic sense because goods are always priced higher than the marginal cost. The market will never achieve the productive efficiency and suppliers will under produce that is below their capacity. Consumer surplus is less because prices are set to be higher than the marginal cost. The consequence is experiencing a reduced economic surplus and deadweight loss SDhingra 2012). In this regard, consumer surplus refers to the most senior price the consumer the consumer can pay and the actual amount that they pay. On the other hand, the producer surplus refers to the market price that suppliers sell their products higher than the low price they would have otherwise sold. There are two types of efficiencies namely productive and allocative ability. The productive energy is where the market is using all its resources competently. While allocative occurs when the market is producing goods to maximize the social welfare (SDhingra 2012). It is important to note that in a monopolistic competition the firm set the prices of the products to be higher than the marginal cost and they, therefore, can never achieve the productive efficiency. Besides they do not attain the allocative productivity because of how the prices are set. In a perfect competition market, the demand is elastic, and there are a variety of substitutes in the market. Price control is hard because the forces of demand and supply play a significant role in determining the prices. When the goods being sold are improved or changed in a little way, then the prices of products in the market can be controlled. When the two markets the monopolistic and perfect competition are compared the ideal market becomes the price taker because it is not able to determine its prices, but instead the interaction of the forces of demand play this critical role. (SDhingra 2012)The market has a lot of substitutes, and therefore no one particular firm can influence the prices of the good or a service because no product is different from another a customer can buy a product from any outlet with the same amount. It is therefore referred to as the price taker. On the other hand, the monopolistic competition is referred to as a price maker.In this market, a firm takes the price of another and ignores its own. There are no perfect substitutes, and therefore elasticity of demand is low. The products are differentiated, and the highest price possible can be fetched by a firm correctly separating its products and making them more appealing to the consumer(Bertoletti, & Etro 2017).. The most senior price can be brought without interfering with the customer base. It is the only way to which the prices of goods and service as can be controlled. The best package of differentiation achieves the highest rates the distinction can be based on quality branding, packaging among others. As much as it seems impossible to determine the prices effectively, the differentiating factor plays a significant role in achieving the desired costs It is worth noting that monopolistic competition concerns product differentiation as the primary characteristic. Product differentiation refers to the practice of distinguishing a product or a service to make it more appealing than others with the aim of attracting potential customers or the target market. Firms practice product differentiation to make their products look conspicuous when compared to that of a competitor. The facet of distinction was developed by Edward Chamberlin under the theory of monopolistic competition. Firms have different resource allocation, and each one may be peculiar to affirm which makes it have a competitive advantage over others (Nocco, 2014)s. Resource possession enables businesses to have their products distinguished, and this aspect slows down competition in the market because though products may serve a given function, they are different from that of another firm. Also, simple distinction where products are distinguished based on multiple traits and the horizontal where differentiation is based on a single feature but the consumers are not conversant to the quality of the product. The primary goal of product differentiation is to establish a market share or position which the consumers can recognize and familiarize. Differentiation reduces the magnitude of competition in firms. Product differentiation enables businesses to reach out to new segments of the market. When a product is successfully differentiated, it leads to competitive advantage and is changeable with the factors of perfect competition which is pegged to perfect substitutes. There is three categories of product differentiation namely vertical differentiation where products are differentiated based on one characteristic, and the consumers are well versed with the quality. Zhelobodko, E., Kokovin, S., Parenti, M., & Thisse, J. F. (2012). Monopolistic competition: Beyond the constant elasticity of substitution. Econometrica, 80(6), 2765-2784. Nikaido, H. (2015). Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand.(PSME-6). Princeton University Press. Dhingra, S., & Morrow, J. (2012). Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity under firm heterogeneity. London School of Economics, mimeograph. Bertoletti, P., & Etro, F. (2017). Monopolistic competition when income matters. The Economic Journal, 127(603), 1217-1243. Nocco, A., Ottaviano, G. I., & Salto, M. (2014). Monopolistic competition and optimum product selection. The American Economic Review, 104(5), 304-309. We can write a custom paper on any topic you need. Request Removal
negative feedbackArguably the best thing about the wave of social media tools finding their way into the learning space is that learners are finally able to connect and communicate with one another about their experiences. Whether it is commenting on a piece of content or answering questions about a class they took, bringing learners together is the hallmark of a truly social learning environment. Our own research validates the effectiveness of letting learners learn from each other. Nearly two-thirds of companies say that discussion forums are highly effective for learning. Learner comments and learner-generated videos are also seen as effective. However, it turns out there may be a dark side to all of this. The interesting thing about social media in general is that it can expose unique quirks in human behavior that may not have been readily apparent otherwise, leading to unintended consequences. While the conventional wisdom is that these interactions provide motivation, demotivation also exists in social interactions. A study out of Stanford University found that negative social feedback has a profound effect on how people behave in these forums. The study found that if a piece of user-contributed content is evaluated negatively, that user actually ends up contributing increasingly more, increasingly lower quality content. They also become more likely to evaluate other users and content negatively, exacerbating the cycle. Unfortunately, positive feedback does not have a similar effect. Users who are positively evaluated do not contribute more, nor does the quality of their posts improve. And those who receive no feedback simply give up and leave. This study truly illustrates the power of negative feedback. Negativity and demotivation aren’t constrained to social media, either. We see it in the areas of gamification and leaderboards. Organizations have been trying to attach achievements and rewards to learning to motivate learners for some time. The advent of social platforms has only accelerated this practice, with people able to log in and track everyone’s progress and track the leaderboard. In many cases the leaderboard does two things. First, it does just what it was intended to do: it lights a fire under motivated learners who want to get the most points and sit on top of the pile. On the other end of the spectrum, however, it taps into a diametrically opposed character trait in many people. For them, once it becomes clear they will not be in the top five, or even top 10, they give up. The leaderboard now effectively demotivates a portion of the learning audience, even though those people may be just as apt and competent as the rest of the group. Not everyone can be number one (or even above average). What all of this means for the learning function is that as we move to a more socially connected learning environment, we have to ensure we treat it as a living, breathing ecosystem. These connections can be powerful, but care should be taken to keep things moving in the right direction. We can’t simply flip the social switch into the on position and walk away. David Wentworth, Senior Learning Analyst, Brandon Hall Group David Wentworth
October 03, 2018 A research group from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, has made great, rapid strides towards the development of a specially designed molecule which can store solar energy for later use. These advances have been presented in four scientific articles this year, with the most recent being published in the highly ranked journal Energy & Environmental Science. Around a year ago, the research team presented a molecule that was capable of storing solar energy. The molecule, made from carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, has the unique property that when it is hit by sunlight, it is transformed into an energy-rich isomer - a molecule which consists of the same atoms, but bound together in a different way. This isomer can then be stored for use when that energy is later needed - for example, at night or in winter. It is in a liquid form and is adapted for use in a solar energy system, which the researchers have named MOST (Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage). In just the last year, the research team have made great advances in the development of MOST. "The energy in this isomer can now be stored for up to 18 years. And when we come to extract the energy and use it, we get a warmth increase which is greater than we dared hope for," says the leader of the research team, Kasper Moth-Poulsen, Professor at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. The research group have developed a catalyst for controlling the release of the stored energy. The catalyst acts as a filter, through which the liquid flows, creating a reaction which warms the liquid by 63 degrees Celsius. If the liquid has a temperature of 20C when it pumps through the filter, it comes out the other side at 83C. At the same time, it returns the molecule to its original form, so that it can be then reused in the warming system. During the same period, the researchers also learned to improve the design of the molecule to increase its storage abilities so that the isomer can store energy for up to 18 years. This was a crucial improvement, as the focus of the project is primarily chemical energy storage. Furthermore, the system was previously reliant on the liquid being partly composed of the flammable chemical toluene. But now the researchers have found a way to remove the potentially dangerous toluene and instead use just the energy storing molecule. Taken together, the advances mean that the energy system MOST now works in a circular manner. First, the liquid captures energy from sunlight, in a solar thermal collector on the roof of a building. Then it is stored at room temperature, leading to minimal energy losses. When the energy is needed, it can be drawn through the catalyst so that the liquid heats up. It is envisioned that this warmth can then be utilised in, for example, domestic heating systems, after which the liquid can be sent back up to the roof to collect more energy - all completely free of emissions, and without damaging the molecule. "We have made many crucial advances recently, and today we have an emissions-free energy system which works all year around," says Kasper Moth-Poulsen. The solar thermal collector is a concave reflector with a pipe in the centre. It tracks the sun's path across the sky and works in the same way as a satellite dish, focusing the sun's rays to a point where the liquid leads through the pipe. It is even possible to add on an additional pipe with normal water to combine the system with conventional water heating. The next steps for the researchers are to combine everything together into a coherent system. "There is a lot left to do. We have just got the system to work. Now we need to ensure everything is optimally designed," says Kasper Moth-Poulsen. The group is satisfied with the storage capabilities, but more energy could be extracted, Kasper believes. He hopes that the research group will shortly achieve a temperature increase of at least 110 degrees Celsius and thinks the technology could be in commercial use within 10 years. The research is funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research. Chalmers University of Technology Related Energy Articles from Brightsurf: Energy System 2050: solutions for the energy transition To contribute to global climate protection, Germany has to rapidly and comprehensively minimize the use of fossil energy sources and to transform the energy system accordingly. Cellular energy audit reveals energy producers and consumers Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have performed a massive and detailed cellular energy audit; they analyzed every gene in the human genome to identify those that drive energy production or energy consumption. First measurement of electron energy distributions, could enable sustainable energy technologies To answer a question crucial to technologies such as energy conversion, a team of researchers at the University of Michigan, Purdue University and the University of Liverpool in the UK have figured out a way to measure how many 'hot charge carriers' -- for example, electrons with extra energy -- are present in a metal nanostructure. Mandatory building energy audits alone do not overcome barriers to energy efficiency Mapping the energy transport mechanism of chalcogenide perovskite for solar energy use How much energy do we really need? Read More: Energy News and Energy Current Events
What Causes Jetting in Plastic Injection Molding Product? jetting plastic injection molding defects Jetting, also known as jet, worm track, or snake-like pattern, refers to the snake-like curves on a plastic injection molded part along the flow direction from the gate, as shown in Figure 1. Under normal circumstances, the molten plastic fills the mold cavity in a “fountain flow” manner, as shown in Figure 2, which depicts the “fountain flow” in detail. However, when the molten plastic flows at a high speed through narrow areas, such as the nozzle, the runner and the gate, and then suddenly enters an open and relatively wider area, the plastic melt will be injected from one end to the other of the cavity in the form of jet streams, creating folded strips. The melt that enters the cavity later fills the remaining space in the mold cavity with a normal fountain flow and is welded to the jetted streams. Since the melt is immediately cooled the moment it makes contact with the cavity wall (mold surface) which has a relatively low temperature, making the temperature of the jetted material lower than that of the fountain stream that comes later, thus causing poor welding and obvious jetting on the surface of the product. Study shows that the root cause of jetting is related to the mold design on the one hand and the viscoelasticity of the material on the other. From the perspective of the mold, when the molten plastic reaches the gate through a larger-sized runner, the flow resistance of the melt is greatly increased because the gate size is usually very small. In order to pass through the gate, the pressure output of the injection molding machine sharply increases. Accordingly, the pressure of the melt increases greatly, and a sizable shrinkage occurs, so when it subsequently enters an open and large-sized mold cavity, the resistance suddenly decreases, the pressure is suddenly released and the volume expanded to generate the jetting. The larger the melt pressure difference before and after entering the gate, the easier it is to form jet streams. The smaller the gate, the greater the pressure, the faster the speed, the greater the energy for the melt to fly out, and the more severe the jetting is. From the perspective of materials, the plastic melt features viscoelasticity. When the polymer melt is extruded through a die, the cross-sectional area of the extrudate is larger than that of the die exit, i.e., die expansion. For the filler material, the addition of fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, and various glass fibers will greatly reduce the viscoelasticity of the material, so the possibility of jetting of the filler material is greatly increased. In addition, the more the filler material, the more likely it is to cause jetting. Jetting Solutions in terms of mold design 1) Increase the gate size 2) Change the gate location 3) Change the gate type Solutions in terms of molding process 1) Adjust the injection speed 2) Adjust the melt temperature 3) Raise the mold temperature 4) Increase the holding pressure Solutions in terms of material 1) Improve the viscoelasticity of the material. Generally speaking, the greater the viscosity of the material, the lower the fluidity, the stronger the viscoelasticity, and the less likely it is to cause jetting. However, as mentioned above, for the filler materials, increasing the fillers may reduce the viscoelasticity, as well as the fluidity of the melt, thereby making it easier to cause jetting. 2) Reduce the amount of gas in the material. During the blending modification of plastics, the addition of various additives, the shear mixing of the screw, and the handling of small molecules by the equipment all affect the gas content inside. When the gas content is high, it causes a layer of small molecules to be attached to the front edge of the melt, which makes it more difficult to vent the gas generated during jetting. In the worse-case scenario, the front edge of the melt is burnt or cavitated. What causes silver streaks or marks during injection molding? silver streaks,silver marks Definition of silver Streaks: Causes of Silver Streaks: I. Equipment II. Mold III. Molding Process IV. Material What causes air bubbles or voids in injection molding? air bubbles injection molding defects According to the cause of air bubbles or vacuum voids , the solutions to the defects are described as below: (1) When the wall thickness of the product is large, the outer surface is cooled down faster than the center portion. Therefore, as the cooling progresses, the resin at the center portion is expanded toward the surface while shrinking, so that the center portion is insufficiently filled. This situation is referred to as air bubbles, to which the main solutions are: a) Determine the proper gate and runner size based on wall thickness. Generally, the height of the gate should be 50%-60% of the product wall thickness. b) A certain amount of supplementary injection material is retained until the gate is sealed. c) The injection time should be slightly longer than the gate sealing time. d) Lower the injection speed and increase the injection pressure e) Select a material with a higher melt viscosity. (2) The air bubbles caused by volatile gases are mainly solved by: a) Sufficient pre-drying. b) Lowering the resin temperature to avoid gases caused by decomposition. (3) Air bubbles caused by poor fluidity can be solved by raising the resin / mold temperature and increasing the injection speed. Pantone Matching System Color Chart The Pantone Color Matching System is largely a standardized color reproduction system. By standardizing the colors, different manufacturers in different locations can all refer to the Pantone system to make sure colors match without direct contact with one another.used in a variety of industries notably graphic design, fashion design, product design, printing and manufacturing and supporting the management of color from design to production, in physical and digital formats, among coated and uncoated materials, cotton, polyester, nylon and plastics. Please click below link for Pantone color chart PANTONE-color chart Pantone color chart RAL Color Chart RAL is an European color matching system which defines colors for paint, coatings and plastics. The RAL color standard is administrated by the RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung. ‘RAL’ is the abbreviation of ‘Reichs-Ausschuß für Lieferbedingungen und Gütesicherung’. Please click the link as below for RAL Color reference RAL Color Chart Injection pressure,holding pressure and back pressure 1．Injection Pressure Injection pressure is exerted by the hydraulic mechanism of the plastic injection molding system. This pressure is transferred from the hydraulic cylinder to the molten plastic through the molding screw, under which the molten plastic will be pushed to flow into the mold sprue (also known as the primary runner of some molds), the primary runner and the sub-runner via the nozzle of the plastic injection molding machine, and then finally get into the mold cavity through the gate. This process is referred to as the injection molding process or the filling process. The purpose of the pressure is to overcome the resistance occurring when the molten plastic is flowing; or to put it another way, the resistance occurring in the flowing process needs to offset by the pressure exerted by the injection molding machine, so as to facilitate smooth filling. the screws for injection pressure of injection machines During the injection molding process, the injection nozzle features the highest pressure in a bid to overcome the resistance to flow throughout the whole process. After that, the pressure shows a trend of gradual decrease from the nozzle to the melt front as the molten plastic flows further. If the mold cavity vents well, the final pressure on the melt front will be equivalent to atmospheric pressure. The injection pressure on molten plastic is influenced by a diversity of factors. To sum up, there are 3 categories: (1). Material factors, such a material type, viscosity, etc.; (2). Structural factors, such as type, quantity and location of the runner system, shapes of mold cavity and product thickness, etc.; (3). Molding process factors. 2．Value & Time of Holding Pressure When the plastic injection molding process is drawing to an end, the screw will stop rotating but only keep moving forward. At this point, the injection molding process enters the pressure holding phase, during which period of time the injection nozzle continuously feed materials into the cavity, to fill up the empty space caused by product shrinkage. If the pressure is not held after the cavity is filled up, the product will shrink for about 25%. In particular, shrink marks will be left near the ribs due to enormous shrinkage. Usually, the value of the holding pressure is about 85% of the top injection pressure, which, of course, is subject to actualities. 3．Back pressure Back pressure refers to the pressure that the screw has to overcome during its return action after injecting material. The application of a high backpressure helps distribute the pigments and melt the plastic, but at the same time, it also extends the screw’s return time, decreases the length of plastic fibers and raises pressure in the injection machine. As a result, the backpressure should be kept lower, usually not exceeding 20% of the injection pressure. Some injection machines allow backpressure programming to compensate for screw travel decrease, which will reduce heat input, causing the temperature to drop. However, since it is not easy to predict the changeable result, corresponding machine adjustment will a troublesome task.
Pros and Cons of Raised Bed Vegetable Gardening What are Raised Beds? The prominence of raised beds is an emerging gardening trend for 2021/2022 spurred on by Instagram and the growth in popularity of ‘grow your own’ and ‘garden zoning’ but are raised beds right for your garden? We have listed out the main pros and cons to see if raised beds are something that would be beneficial for your outdoor space. A raised bed (sometimes called a garden, framed or planter boxes) refers to a container or box that has been raised with walls surrounding the soil. The beds are usually a minimum of at least 6 inches of the ground and are commonly constructed with wood lumber, stone, bricks, or other durable materials. Raised beds can be made at any time of year but winter / late summer is the best time if it’s not too wet or frozen as you can enjoy the benefits of the raised beds in spring. Positives of Raised Beds 1. Improved drainage as the soil is raised above the surrounding ground level. 2. Increasing soil temperature – The higher level of the soil encourages beds to warm up faster in the spring, allowing the season to start earlier. 3. Improved accessibility – Raised beds are also useful for gardeners with restricted mobility, as they reduce the need to bend. 4. Growing plants in a different soil type – allows the soil to match the plants and grow in its preferred environment and with good topsoil enriched with fertiliser this will give excellent root zone conditions (although this can be done in traditional beds) 5. They can be used in areas that have contaminated soil or no soil at all. 6. Helps keep pets and children from stepping onto plants. 7. They have a distinctive look. Negatives of Raised Beds 1. Require more watering as plants in raised beds suffers more intensely from drought due to improved drainage and warmer soil in the summer. 2. Perennials need to be hardier since a raised bed gets colder in winter. 3. Some concern over chemicals leaching from wall materials into the soil – if concerned, make sure to line the inside of the bed with polythene. 4. You will need to buy soil if you do not have an area you can use soil from in the garden. 5. They cost money to build – high upfront cost for a first-time gardener or someone that may move house in the next few years.

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