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Mars Conjunct Jupiter Synastry Astrology is very likely the oldest ‘science’ that has ever existed. Archaeological and paleontological discoveries dating thousands of years back into the past suggest humankind has been practicing some kind of proto astrology long before it was systematized. Certain mammoth fossilized bones present with unusual and very systematically engraved markings. These markings curiously correspond to the Moon phases. This suggests that humans have known about our mysterious connection with that vast space we see in the sky above. Nomadic tribes of prehistoric times would certainly use the stars and the sky as their navigation map. It was some kind of prehistoric GPS, one might say. Astrology as an organized system dates back into Mesopotamian civilizations of the ancient era. The first horoscope probably dates back into the ancient Babylon, which is believed to have had many astrologers and stargazers. Astrology of the modern Western world is associated with old Persia. Astrology was popular throughout the ancient world, including Greece and Rome, Egypt, Persia and more. Some other, different astrological systems and also majestic and very important ones have developed in China, Japan, on Tibet and in India. These systems are of great influence in the latter traditions and also inevitably connected to other sciences and practices, such as medicine. Astrology is based upon the principle of macrocosm, that of the universe, reflecting in the microcosm, that of the human being. With taking such a position, the astrologer looks into the stars and interprets planetary motion as a treasury of information regarding human lives. Astrology was treated along with astronomy, back in the day. During the Enlightenment period, astrology was separated from astronomy. Critics would say it was unreliable and not very scientific, despite its bold title, which translates into the ‘science of the stars’. Astrology had its turbulent and its glorious, as well as its quiet periods, but the interest in this mysterious alternative science has never ceased. Natal and Comparative Astrology When talking about synastry, we deal with comparative astrology or that of relations. However, it is of the essential importance to learn about natal astrology, which forms a base for all further interpretations. Natal astrology interprets the astrological destiny of an individual human being, which is based upon the postulate mentioned above. As above, so below, that is the creed of astrological approach. Natal astrology reads natal or birth charts. We shall see how important this is for a synastry report. What are natal charts? These are what we also call horoscopes. They represent planetary distribution over the sky at the time of your birth. When you have in mind all we have mentioned in the previous paragraph, it becomes very clear that astrology reads planetary distribution as some kind of a personalized astrological identification card, but also something more. It offers a deep insight into one as an individual. Natal chart tells about your personality traits, character and temperament. Planets in your chart create specific connections, which are called aspects; zodiac signs also play a prominent role, as well as astrological houses. This schematic sky image is who you are and how you may become. People are wrong to think that natal chart predicts their destiny. It is not a prediction or a divination, but a guidebook. Natal chart would tell about your best and your worst qualities, your tendencies, potentials, weak and strong points. Before doing a synastry, the astrologer would look into natal charts of the people involved, because the synastry is based exactly on charts’ comparison. Astrological Compatibility and Synastry Horoscope compatibility is possibly the most common and the most widely practiced type of astrological reading. It would definitely show up as the first on some web search. Today, astrology or, at least, a basic and generic interpretation, is accessible to anyone. You could learn much about astrological compatibility, simply by reading articles and forums online. However, if you want a more accurate and, above all else, personalized interpretation, it is best to consult an astrologer. Okay, but what does synastry offer and how it works? Synastry is basically a comparison of two natal charts. Synastry could be done for various purposes, but people are generally interested into romantic matching. Love compatibility or romantic synastry could tell much about the nature of a relationship. Synastry report could be done for those who are already dating or who are even married, as well for potential lovers; people are sometime curious to know if someone they find attractive was the ‘right’ one. Synastry would not exactly tell you that the other person is the right one or not. However, it would tell about the nature of your connection, about your strongest and your weakest meeting points, about your tendencies and potentials that have a good chance to develop in one particular relationship. Astrological Aspects and Synastry Astrological aspects are the most important part of astrological readings. They are to be found in each natal chart, but also between natal charts, as the case is with synastry. Astrological aspects are contacts that planets make among themselves and that produce specific kind of energy. This energy would affect the relationship. Planetary aspects could be defined as an energetic interplay. There are five major aspects, defined in very old times, by Claudius Ptolemy. Aspects could be roughly divided into two groups: those of easy and those of heavy aspects. Easy or flowing aspects are those in which the energy flows freely and is very positive. Heavy or challenging aspects present with tense energy, but they could also contribute to a relationship in their own way. A combination of aspects is what makes a relationship unique and interesting. Only positive aspects are not the best, in fact. Of course, too many ‘bad’ aspects would do no good, either. Conjunctions and Synastry Report The aspect of conjunction is the strongest one in astrological readings. The conjunction represents extremely strong energy and attractions since the energies of both planets involved would grow stronger. Conjunctions intensify both energies. They conjoin and work together. However, conjunctions cannot be out under either of the categories. This aspect is not necessarily flowing, just as it is not necessarily challenging. The energy of one conjunction will depend on the nature of planets that form this aspect. In simplified view, two malefic planets would produce negative energy. Two benefic ones would present with the most positive energies of both planets, conjoined and flowing. However, two different planets could make it problematic. The conjunction is always a strong one, but it should be viewed in light of other aspects that form a synastry and considering individual charts Mars in Mythology and Astrology – Planets in Synastry The first thing that comes to one’s mind upon mentioning Mars, the Roman god of war, or Greek god Ares, are battles, wars, gladiator arena, threatening spears, helmets and combatant spirit in general. True, this bloodthirsty deity is associated with all kinds of violence, fierceness, brutality, also with conflicts, arguments, vengeance, incredible courage and daring spirit. The sound of armor clashing and roars of the battlefield were things that excited this fierce god the most, so no wonder Greeks were not much in favor with Ares. However, Romans praised its counterpart Mars and celebrated this mighty god. Whatever the case may be, Mars in astrology is known as a serious and troublesome malefic. Mars represents masculine principle, pure carnality, potency, strength, vitality and competitiveness, vengefulness, aggressiveness in all its forms. Mars represents injuries, but also healing. It is said that Mars in a natal chart would strengthen a body part it matches by its position. Mars’ symbol is an arrow and the circle, the symbol that represents masculinity itself. Everything that is of the body and carnal nature of a human being dominates in Mars. This planet brings intense feelings, impulsiveness, courage, aggressiveness and overall a fierce attitude. Its influence could be productive, as well as it could be destructive. Mars is the one that moves towards action, one that would never let things come by chance. It represents the most intense feelings, our passions, our hatred, our driving force as the animalistic in us. Mars is associated with young, vital, strong and competitive men. It represents sharp object, warriors, but also healers, surgeons and related. In synastry, it is of extreme importance, since along with Venus, it is the one to tell about the chemistry, the desire and passion. Jupiter in Mythology and Astrology – Planets in Synastry Jupiter was known as the god of justice, in ancient Roman tradition, a counterpart of the Greek god Zeus, the supreme god ruling from Olympus. He was the youngest son of the titan Cronus, known as Saturn, in Roman mythology. Moreover, Jupiter was the one to have overthrown his father, who tried to east all his children exactly in fear of such unfortunate destiny. In astrology, Jupiter is the planet of expansion, in contrast to restrictive Saturn. It is the most positive planet in astrological readings. Jupiter brings luck and fortune. In synastry, it would affect the social element of a relationship, touching few other themes, being one of the social planets. We will see how it plays along the fiery Mars. Mars Conjunct Jupiter Synastry – Outgoing Easygoing Mars conjunct Jupiter is a lucky combination in synastry! In this one, Jupiter’s lightness and generally positive and easygoing approach would only inspire Mars’ energy to be even more energetic and active, in the most positive way. The two of you are likely to share certain interests that involve physical activity of a sort, such as sports or travelling around or else. Mars is easily turned on by Jupiter’s general casual approach to things, not to mention that everything Jupiter does would sound as an invitation of a more intimate sort to Mars. Jupiter one usually does not do that on purpose, but would not complain. On the contrary, he or she would readily engage with Mars’ fiery nature. Mars Conjunct Jupiter Synastry – Actively Engaged This aspect is quite an optimistic one. Partners in this aspect tend to inspire the best in one another. Mars, with its energetic, active and generally fierce attitude would fantastically correspond with Jupiter’s expansiveness and optimism. These two are a true dream team and it is very likely you would find it easy to cooperate and have fun with one another. Intimacy is extremely fiery in this one, passionate and active. Physical closeness is strong and easy, arousing and deeply stimulant. There is a lot of energy of the sort between you two! There is only one risk concerning so much activity and expansion combined – you may know no limits, which could turn out destructive in the end. It is good to bear it in mind, no more.
Natural gas consumption for electricity generation increased to 27 billion cubic feet (cf) per week, Head of the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS), Osama El Bakly, told Amwal Al Ghad. Power plants were previously using around 3.5 billion cubic feet per day (bcf/d), but, with the rise in temperature, the plants consumption jumped by around 400 million cubic feet per day to be around 3.9 bcf/d, El Bakly pointed out. Imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) covers a huge part of the power plants’ needs and the country imports approximately 1 bcf/d. This LNG is converted into usable gas by floating storage regasification units (FSRUs) and then the gas is injected into the national grid and channeled to the electricity plants. Egypt produces between 5.1 and 5.2 bcf/d of natural gas. This gas is used to support the needs of the electricity and industrial sectors, the two sectors that consume the most gas, El Bakly added.
Clear The Air Energy Blog Rotating Header Image Wind energy Prices and costs Room for improvement Engineering, procurement, and construction Operations and maintenance Reasons for optimism About the author(s) Leaked TTIP energy proposal could ‘sabotage’ EU climate policy Could wind drones be the next evolution in wind power generation? Drones will eventually be “as ubiquitous as pigeons,” London-based futurist Liam Young recently predicted. They are omnipresent already. Only five years ago drones belonged to the realm of the military, unaffordable for anyone else. Today, they are for hobbyists and even kids. Drones arrived in our lives and conquered the extreme ends of the market for technical goods. They proved to provide the best value for both, defense budgets and pocket money. Now the race is on to fill the gap in the middle: startups, corporates and analysts try to find the most promising commercial applications for drones. That is quite a challenge since drones can be used for a surprising variety of tasks. Much media attention was paid to Amazons’, Google’s and DHL’s announcement of using delivery drones. Others see the future for drones in surveillance, detecting fires, cracks in pipelines or illegal wood logging. They can also monitor farmland in detail for precision farming. Autonomous solar powered drones can also be used to hover at high altitude over an area for months to provide wireless communication similar to a satellite. Facebook and Google have invested in startup companies in this field. But there are other disruptive uses for drone technology which the current debate is largely unaware of. One example is Elon Musk and his SpaceX company. He is working at landing and later reusing Falcon rockets after they have delivered their payload into space. It is impossible for a pilot to control a precision upright landing of a rocket that literally falls out of the sky. Only cutting-edge drone technology can do the job. If the rocket was to be recycled it would lower the flight costs from the cost of building a rocket to the cost of refueling it. That is $200,000 instead of $55 million.1 The business potential for the “rocket drone” would be enormous. Or take Miles Loyd. In the energy crises of the late 1970s Miles Loyd worked as an engineer at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He attempted to build the best wind generator imaginable. He had the radical idea of building it without a tower, only using a flying wing connected to the ground by a tether, much like a kite. He calculated the expected energy output of his “flying wind generator”. Based on the formula he first established – today known as Loyd’s Formula – he found that a wing with the size, weight and aerodynamics of a standard plane wing of the 1970s could produce 6.7 MW of power. Even larger wings with an output of 45 MW seemed feasible. To put this into perspective: even today, 35 years later, the average wind turbine is still below 3 MW and the largest existing prototype has 8 MW. Loyd obtained a patent2 and published an article3 on this new technology. And here the story ends. He could not convince investors to finance his flying wind generator, because he had no solution for one problem: how to control the flying wing without a pilot? Today, we have a technology that lets us control flying objects without a pilot. It is called: drones. If we can apply this new technology to Loyd’s old formula we can build a new type of drone: the wind drone. How exactly does a wind drone work? There is a great resemblance to kite surfers. Kite surfers use a kite and a tether to pull a surfer through the water. The same mechanism can be used to generate electricity. The tethered kite or wing is connected to a drum and a generator on the ground and the tether is wound around the drum. The wing tears at the tether and turns the drum to generate electricity. Once the tether is fully unwound, the wing nosedives and the tether is quickly reeled in. Then the cycle starts again. This up-and-down motion inspired the name “yo-yo” type wind drone (%%0815-IF-Drone-1%%). Google X, overseen by Sergey Brin, is working on a different wind drone in its Makani4 project. Google’s approach is to use little propellers (mini wind turbines) and generators directly mounted on the wing where they produce electricity. An electric cable is woven into the tether and transfers the electricity to the ground. In 2013 Makani presented a working prototype. They already built their first scaled up product with 600 kW output and announced that it will fly in 2015. Google will be the first team to show a wind drone with power outputs comparable to today’s wind turbines. But they are not the only ones who have realized that drone technology is ripe to take on Loyd’s formula. Companies including 3M, ABB, Alstom, E.ON, Honeywell, Statkraft and Softbank have conducted research on wind drones and/or financed one of the dozens of airborne wind energy startups worldwide. Some of the prototypes use soft wings resembling a surf kite or a paraglider, others use hard wings like the wing of an airplane. The designs also differ in many other details. A dominant design has not yet emerged. But irrespective of their final design, wind drones share three characteristics that could turn them into the killer application for drone technology: they will disrupt their market, they will be one of the first autonomous drone applications to be market ready and they will have the largest market of all drone applications. Producing wind energy is not a new idea and we already have a tried and trusted device for this task: the wind turbine. Wind drones will have to offer significant advantages over wind turbines to conquer this market. Airborne wind energy companies claim that wind drones can be built at half the price of wind turbines. In addition, they claim that downtimes for wind drones will be significantly lower and wind drones therefore produce twice as much energy with the same rated power. According to their calculations energy from wind drones could therefore be available at just one quarter of the price of energy produced by wind turbines. But are such claims realistic? Can you manufacture wind drones more cheaply than wind turbines? The capital costs of a wind turbine which make up the bulk of the total costs of wind energy are the following (see %%0815-IF-Drone-2%%).5 The structural elements, the tower, the blades, the foundation and the rotor hub make up half of the total capital costs of wind turbines. Material requirements are extremely high: Up to 700 tons of steel for the tower,6 another 100 tons of steel for the rotor hub,7 up to 100 tons of glass-fiber reinforced plastic for the blades,8 and up to 4,000 tons of concrete for the foundation. Wind drones lack theses massive structures. The tower is replaced by a thin tether. A wind drone with the power of the largest existing wind turbine (8 MW) requires a tether that is 2.5 inches/6 cm thick and would weigh less than one ton.9 Only minimal foundations are required and the wings can be much lighter requiring only 1 to 10 percent of the material of the blades of a wind turbine.10 The Google Makani 600 kW wing weighs below 2 tons including the tether and generators on board.11 A comparable 600 kW wind turbine weighs between 50 and 100 tons without foundation. The required components for power generation are cheap in comparison: the costs for the electricity producing generator amount to less than 3 percent of total costs. Certainly, wind drones will need more and better sensors, processors and other control components, but these cost much less than the saved materials. How can a wind drone save half the costs of a wind turbine? It is all about physics. A basic construction principle in engineering is to avoid a 90-degree force on an unsupported lever arm wherever possible. Large bridges are therefore supported by arches, columns, or suspension tethers. If parts cannot be supported they have to be made as short as possible. Wind turbine engineers have done the opposite. Rightfully wanting to build ever larger and more efficient wind turbines they worked to increase the height of the towers and the length of the blades. Both are lever arms in a 90 degree angle to the wind force and they are not supported. Wind engineers would love to tether the tower and the blades. But it is not possible. The wind can blow from all directions, so the rotor has to be able to rotate around the tower and the blades have to spin freely. Nonetheless, wind engineers have excelled in building ever larger wind turbines. They hold the record for building the longest unsupported lever arms in the world. Undoubtedly a great achievement, but one that does not help saving material. The tether of a drone can be 1,000 times lighter than the tower of a turbine simply because it avoids lever arms. A simple physical fact cuts costs in half. Can other physical facts double the output? Since wind drones are not restricted by lever arms they can fly higher. They easily reach altitudes twice as high as normal wind towers (300 m/1,000 ft. instead of 150 m/500 ft.). Physical facts: on average the wind speed increases with altitude; higher wind speed means more wind power; wind power increases with the cube of the wind speed. Double the wind speed therefore means wind power multiplied by eight (2³). Altogether these physical facts lead to the conclusion that there is no such thing as a “bad location” for wind drones. Wind drones only know good and excellent wind sites. They will find enough wind at almost any site. The impact of height differences can easily be illustrated by using wind data of Dresden, Germany (See %%0815-IF-Drone-3%%.12 At the altitude of wind turbines it is a very poor wind location. Not even with the support of the generous German feed-in tariffs does it allow economic energy generation. At wind drone altitude, the wind speed is 60 percent higher (grey columns). This does not sound spectacular, but due to the cubed relationship between wind speed and power the available wind power almost quadruples (blue columns). At this altitude Dresden becomes an extremely windy place with a wind force only matched by few wind turbine locations such as coasts, mountains or offshore locations. The world’s largest offshore wind park London Array, has a comparable average wind speed of 9.2 m/s at 100-meter hub height.13 The reason is simple. Obstacles on land like forests, hills and buildings slow the wind down. Offshore winds partly owe their strength to the lack of obstacles. The same applies to high altitude winds: no obstacles to slow them down. In addition, offshore or high altitude winds are steadier and therefore a more reliable source of electricity. Offshore wind turbines run at full capacity more often. Their idle periods per year are much shorter. Their so-called capacity factor is higher. They are therefore better suited to provide base load electricity. On average the output of offshore turbines is twice as high as that of onshore turbines with the same rated capacity.14 But since offshore turbines cost two to three times as much as onshore turbines, the advantage is quickly outweighed. Offshore wind energy is still more costly than onshore wind.15 According to research conducted by E.ON, Germany’s largest utility, offshore wind drones can boost offshore wind turbines’ high yields by another 50 percent. They can run at full capacity 70 percent per annum.16 In summary, wind drones have lower production costs, they can access much stronger high altitude winds and therefore run at full capacity for greater amounts of time. The estimate of many airborne wind energy startups seems realistic: electricity for a quarter of the price of today’s wind energy. Google shares this belief in the cost-cutting power of wind drones. Google calculated that less than 16 percent of all the onshore U.S. sites are suitable for economic wind energy production with wind turbines. For wind drones this figure more than quadruples. 66 percent of the United States become viable.17 The higher capacity factor does not only lower the price, it also increases quality. The intermittency of most renewable energy sources causes a lot of concerns. Electricity grid operators face the challenge of matching the fluctuating production of renewables with demand. Current scenarios foresee the necessity to invest billions into stronger grids and energy storage. If wind drones can produce with a capacity factor of 70 percent as envisaged by E.ON, they could replace coal, nuclear and gas power plants without the necessity of massive new investments in grid and storage. Grid and distribution costs already make up for the greater part of our electricity bills. The high quality of wind drone power could become a decisive factor, even more important than its low cost. The first wind drone prototypes are in operation. But when will they be market ready? Soon. Sooner than many other autonomous drones. The reasons: simplicity, safety, and the law. Various drones have various tasks which vary in difficulty. Wind drones are the ones with the easy job. They fly the same simple pattern, say a circle, over the same space over and over and over again. Conventional wisdom has it that robots and drones will first get into the dull, dirty and dangerous jobs. Sorry, wind drones, we cannot get you dirty and dangerous, but when it comes to dullness it is hard to beat your job. Flying the same patterns over the same area means that the sensors know exactly what to expect, that the software has to know only a few flight patterns, and that the only variation can come from different weather, namely changes in wind speed and direction. And if the wind drone has to land for inspection or due to extreme weather, the landing site is also always nearby. No matter how simple a task, something can always go wrong and in case of flying objects the result can be a crash. To be a commercial success, every drone will have to prove that it is safe. In the beginning wind drones will only be installed in controlled areas in the countryside, or over the sea, where unauthorized access is not allowed. If the public cannot access the flight area, the public cannot be harmed. This is the simplest recipe for safety. Amazon on the other hand might find it difficult to deliver its parcel to your doorstep while keeping a safe distance from people. Wind drones also have a built-in safety feature that is unique to drones: They are kept constantly on the leash, pardon, tether. So even if all controls go out of control, wind drones can only crash within the area of the tether and will not do any harm outside. Stationary operation and the strictly defined flight area of wind drones not only increase safety on the ground but also in the air. Wind drone parks can be included in air maps and turned into no-flight zones for low flying air traffic, just as wind parks are today. Air regulators have already honored the additional safety and special features of wind drones. A draft decree of the European airspace authority EASA has an exemption for wind drones (and other drones on the tether) allowing them to fly higher than other drones without the same restrictions.18 And under the new EASA “concept of drone operation”19 the degree of regulation will depend on a specific risk assessment for each use of drones. In case of operation in segregated areas, where drones do not pose a risk to the public, the operator might even approve its own risk assessment. Airspace regulators worldwide are currently working on regulation for drones. They will mostly use comparable flexible concepts, since applying existing strict regulation standards for manned aviation to drones would choke off the respective national drone industry without any safety benefits. So wind drones are not only safer in practice, but this additional safety in the air and on the ground will lead to much lighter regulations. This will make them faster, easier and cheaper to build than other more hazardous and therefore stricter regulated free flying drones or aircraft. What is true for drones is also true for autonomous cars. Many believe that autonomous cars will become commercial reality in a few years. This is not true. Fully autonomous cars have long ago hit the market. They have been available for purchase since 2008. Where? At your local Caterpillar20 or Komatsu21 dealer, specialized in mining equipment. More and more mines are equipped with fully autonomous haul trucks, which transport rocks and minerals within the mine. Have the engineers at Caterpillar and Komatsu outclassed their counterparts at Google, GM, Tesla, BMW, Volvo, Toyota, Audi, Mercedes by launching their product a decade earlier? Not quite. Haul trucks perform limited and well defined repetitive tasks. They operate stationary in mines, which are controlled distant places with no access for the public. There is little or no regulation on their development and use. The conclusion for drones is obvious. The strongest argument for wind drones is their potential market: it is huge. To begin with, the global wind turbine market is a large market. Its volume amounted to $80 billion in 2013.22 Its growth rate averaged 25 percent per year over the last decade23 and the market will continue to grow strongly. But wind drones are not limited to the existing market for wind turbines. A look at the top 20 global companies with the largest revenue as compiled by the Fortune Global 500 list24 illustrates their full market potential: Energy is big business. But wind energy is still minuscule and accounts for less than 1 percent of total global energy use.25 This will change. And it is mostly a question of competitiveness. Onshore wind turbines are on the brink of becoming competitive with coal and natural gas. This so called grid-parity has been reached in some regions. It means that wind energy is already the cheapest source of electricity even without subsidies. Add wind drones’ potential to slash these costs to one quarter, add steadier production and add their ability to be deployed almost anywhere. This means that wind drones cannot only compete with wind turbines in their niche but will become the cheapest source of electricity. Cheaper than coal, gas, nuclear and hydro power. And since electric cars are on the rise, the electricity produced by wind drones will be able to play in the energy major league and compete with oil as a transportation fuel. And oil will have a hard time competing, even at the current “cheap” oil prices. Taking into account the inefficiencies of the combustion engine, oil at $60 per barrel is still a more expensive source of power for a car than the electricity produced by today’s wind turbines. Based on the analysis above, oil would have to sell at a quarter of that price, below $15 per barrel to compete with wind drone energy on a pure cost of fuel basis. The digital revolution has disrupted many markets, created vast riches and young billionaires. But we have to bear in mind that the digital revolution has only taken place in very limited markets so far. The so-called digital giants Google and Facebook — and many others — are all competing for a share of the online advertising market. This market has a total global volume of $150 billion.26 Compare this to the annual average $2 trillion investment into energy supply required in the next 20 years according to the International Energy Agency.27 Compare this to the $3.4 trillion revenue that the 11 largest energy companies on the Fortune Global 500 list share. Or compare it to the total global energy market that is assumed to have a size of $6 trillion to $10 trillion. This is a difference in market size that could come close to a factor of 100. We cannot imagine what it will look like when the drones the digital revolution created take on the largest market of the world, the energy market. We have illustrated how the laws of physics in combination with sensors, chips and smart algorithms can replace the tons of steel and concrete wind turbines are made of. This can make wind drone power cheaper than electricity from fossil fuels. Their ability to harvest stronger winds higher up in the air gives wind drones the potential to provide power where it is needed irrespective of the existing wind resource. Cost-effective electricity made by wind drones could even provide the basis for the clean synthetic fuels of the future. And this fuel could be available at less than today’s oil price. A lack of wind will no longer be a problem. We have seen how the wind resource dramatically increases by doubling the altitude. But this is only the first humble hop of wind drones into the air. Once these altitudes are mastered, it will be tempting to gradually go higher, until they reach the jet stream at 10 km/33,000 ft. Before, many technical and legal problems will have to be solved. But it will be attempted. The wind resources at this altitude are simply too enticing. The median energy density over New York at this height is more than 10 kW/m² 28 of which about 5 kW/m² can be used.29 The total energy consumption per person in the U.S. amounts to 10.5 kW. This includes all electricity use, heating, car and aviation fuels, and even industrial energy consumption.30 This means that harvesting wind in an area of 2m² (22 sq.-ft.) per person, the size of an open front door, could on average provide all our energy. If 10 wind turbines with today’s dimensions were installed in that altitude over New York, they could have the same rated power as an average nuclear power plant, over 1 GW.31 High-altitude wind energy is not only an extremely concentrated source of energy, it is also abundant. It can provide about 100 times of today’s global energy consumption.32 High altitude wind energy could allow us to live a greener lifestyle without the need to reduce our use of energy. For the energy sector this could mean nothing less than finally solving the conflict between economy and ecology. Burning fossil fuels started the industrial revolution. It enabled the advances of mankind in the last 200 years. Without fossil fuels feeding 7 billion people on this planet would be impossible. But fossil fuels also destroy and pollute nature, poison our cities and homes and cause an ever more dangerous climate change. Furthermore, our reliance on fossil fuels leads to unjustified wealth and power imbalances, to wars over their control and to undemocratic regimes. When mankind started to burn fossil fuels it made a huge leap forward. When it stops to burn fossil fuels, it will make another big step towards a better world. Drones will help to bring this day much closer than most of us believe today. 1 2 3 M. Loyd, Crosswind Kite Power, Journal of Energy, Vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 106-111, 1980 4 5 Additional Operations & Maintenance costs are 20% of total costs. Source capital costs breakdown: IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency, Working Paper Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series, Volume 1: Power Sector Issue 5/5 Wind Power, June 2012 6 All data is for the MHI Vestas V164-8WM, currently the largest wind turbine prototype of the world. 7 8 9 Calculated for 8 MW power and flight altitude of 250 meters. M. Diehl. Airborne Wind Energy, Airborne Wind Energy: Basic Concepts and Physical Foundations. Springer, 2013. 10 A detailed explanation of the higher efficiency of the wind drone wings is beyond the scope of this article. For an introduction to the physics of wind drones see M. Diehl. Airborne Wind Energy, Airborne Wind Energy: Basic Concepts and Physical Foundations. Springer, 2013. 11 12 ind Data source: Christian Geiss, Technical University Chemnitz, Studies on the vertical wind profile in Saxony (Untersuchungen zum vertikalen Windprofil in Sachsen), 2012 13 14 A doubling of power output is also roughly expected from average offshore compared to average onshore sites: IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency, Working Paper Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series, Volume 1: Power Sect or Issue 5/5 Wind Power, June 2012 16 17 18 Draft Guidance Material 1 (GM1) Standardized European Rules of the Air SERA.3138(a) paragraph (b) in: NPA 2014-09 . 19 20 21 22 Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Report 2013 23 International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2013. 25 0,3% in 2011: Wind 434 TWh, Total Energy Demand: 13.070 Mtoe (= 152,000 TWh), International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2013. 26 27 International Energy Agency, World Energy Investment Outlook, Executive Summary, 2014, 28 C. Archer, K. Caldeira; Global Assessment of High-Altitude Wind Power, Energies 2009, 2(2), 307-319; doi:10.3390/en20200307, 29 The theoretical maximum is the Betz limit 16/27 or 59%. Modern wind turbines are very close to this with efficiencies of about 50%, including losses in generators, drivetrains etc. 30 31 The Vestas MHI Vestas V164-8WM with a blade lengt of 82m features a swept area of 21,124 sqm. With 10kW/sqm and 50% efficiency, this results in 105 MW per Turbine or over 1 GW for 10 turbines. 32 K. Marvel et al. Geophysical limits to global wind power, Nature Climate Change, Vol. 2 no. 9 September 9, 2012; M. Jacobson and C. Archer. Saturation wind power potential and its implications for wind energy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012 (doi:10.1073/pnas.1208993109) About The Author Udo Zillmann is the founder and managing partner of Daidalos Capital GmbH, a fund management company that specialized in investing in airborne wind energy companies since 2010 and is currently raising its second special airborne wind energy fund. Mr. Zillmann is author of “Financing Strategies of AWE Companies” in the book “Airborne Wind Energy” (Springer, 2013) and a regular speaker on airborne wind energy. Mr. Zillmann holds degrees in law and business. Renewable Record for Germany Wind Turbine Pile Test Shows Potential to Cut Costs A recently completed pile testing campaign by DONG Energy and ESG shows cost reduction potential for the offshore wind industry. Pile testing by DONG Energy and ESG shows cost reduction for the offshore wind industry. Source: DONG The piles under test are made of a cylindrical steel tube and their depth is adjustable to suit environmental and seabed conditions. The piles are one of the most commonly used foundations in the offshore wind market based on ease of installation in a variety of water depths. The two testing sites, located in Cowden, England, and in Dunkirk, France, carried out tests on 28 piles. The purpose was to assess and validate new design methods development by a joint industry project PISA (pile soil analysis) for offshore wind farms. The PISA academic working group included Oxford University, Imperial College London and University College Dublin. The group supervised testing as the 28 piles were pulled sideways into the soil until failure occurred. The two test sites involved feature diverse soils—clay till in Cowden and dense sand in Dunkirk, representative of surface soil conditions in the North Sea. Previous oil and gas engineering pile testing at both sites provided field and laboratory soil data. Results confirm that traditional design methods are conservative and that by reducing the quantity of steel in the foundation it may potentially reduce electricity production costs. The testing was undertaken as part of the PISA research project and carried out by industry working group headed by DONG Energy including EDF, RWE, Statoil, Statkraft, SSE, Scottish Power, Vattenfall, Alstom and Van Oord. PISA operates under the framework of the Carbon Trust Offshore Wind Accelerator (OWA). The PISA academic working group will analyze the data and deliver a final report to project partners in early 2016. How Building a Better Wind Turbine Began with Styrofoam Balls Scientists at GE Global Research spent the last four years building a more efficient wind turbine. The result rises 450-feet above the Mojave desert in California – almost half the height of the Eiffel Tower — and looks like it has a silver UFO stuck to its face. It may appear strange, but you are looking at the future of wind power. The team explains how it came about. In 2011, Mark Little, GE’s chief technology officer and the head of the GRC, challenged principal engineer Seyed Saddoughi and his team to build a rotor that could harvest more wind. Michael Idelchik, who runs advanced technology programs at the GRC, gave them another clue: “Since we know that the inner parts of wind turbines don’t do much for energy capture, why don’t we change the design?” The team came up with the idea of putting a hemisphere on the center part of the wind turbine to redirect the incoming wind towards the outer parts of the blades. “The biggest unknown for us was what size the dome should be,” Saddoughi says. The group decided to do some experiments. They bought on the Internet a 10-inch wind turbine and a bunch of Styrofoam balls of different sizes, then took the lot to a wind tunnel at GE’s aerodynamic lab (see above). “By cutting the Styrofoam balls in half, we created our domes of different sizes and then stuck these domes on the center of the small wind turbine and ran our experiments at different tunnel air speeds,” Saddoughi says. The team hooked up the turbine to their instruments and measured the amount of voltage it produced. “Invariably we got a jump in voltage output with the dome placed at the center of the wind turbine; albeit the increases differed for different size domes,” Saddoughi says. The scientists reached out to a colleague who did simple computer simulations for them and confirmed that even a full-size turbine was more efficient with a nose upfront. “Of course overjoyed by the very limited experimental and computational results, we wanted to come up with a name for this design, such that it really represented the idea – and was also something that everybody would remember easily,” Saddoughi says. “The team gathered in my office again, and after an hour of playing with words the name Energy Capture Optimization by Revolutionary Onboard Turbine Reshape (ecoROTR) was created.” Saddoughi is attaching differently shaped noses and turbine blades in Stuttgart. All image credits: GE Global Research and Chris New (ecoROTR) The team then built a 2-meter rotor model of the turbine and took it for testing to a large wind tunnel in Stuttgart, Germany. The tunnel was 6.3 meters in diameters and it allowed them to dramatically reduce the wall effects on the performance. The researchers spent couple of months working in Stuttgart. “We conducted a significant number of experiments at the Gust wind tunnel for different tunnel air velocities and wind turbine tip-speed ratios with several variations of domes,” Saddoughi says. “The wind tunnel was also operated at its maximum speed for the blades in feathered configurations at several yaw angles of the turbine to simulate gust conditions.” They ran the turbine as fast as 1,000 rpm and carried out surface dye flow visualization experiments (see below). When dye hits the fan. Saddoughi after the dye flow visualization. When they came back in the second half on 2012, they started designing the actual prototype of the dome that was 20 meters in diameter and weighed 20 tons. The size presented a new batch of challenges. “Unlike gas or steam turbines that are designed to operate under a relatively limited number of set conditions, wind turbines must operate reliably and safely under literally hundreds of conditions, many of them highly transient,” says Norman Turnquist, senior principal engineer for aero thermal and mechanical systems. They ran more calculations to make sure that GE’s 1.7-megawatt test turbine in Tehachapi, Calif., would be able to support the dome. They looked at performance during different wind speed and directions, storms and gusts. They also designed special mounting adapters and brackets to attach the dome. “The design looked really strange, but it made a lot of sense,” says Mike Bowman, the leader of sustainable energy projects at GE Global Research. The team then assembled the dome on site. “Early on, it was decided that the prototype dome would be a geodesic construction,” Turnquist says. “The reason is simply that it was the construction method that required the least amount of unknown risk.” For safety reasons, the workers assembled the dome about 300m from the turbine and used a giant crane to move it to the turbine base for installation. But there was a hitch. “After the adapters were mounted to the hub it was discovered that bolt circle diameter was approximately 8mm too small to fit the dome,” Turnquist says. The team had to make custom shims to make it work. The dome went up in May on Memorial Day and the turbine is currently powering through four months of testing. “This is the pinnacle of wind power,” says Mike Bowman. “As far as I know, there’s nothing like this in the world. This could be a game changer.“ Viaducts with wind turbines, the new renewable energy source Illustration of two identical wind turbines installed in a viaduct. Credit: José Antonio Peñas (Sinc) The Juncal Viaduct, in Gran Canaria, has served as a reference for Spanish and British researchers to verify that the wind blowing between the pillars on this kind of infrastructures can move wind turbines and produce energy. The study is based in models and computer simulations, which were carried out by researcher Oscar Soto and his colleagues in Kingston University (London). Researchers have presented the wind turbines as porous discs in order to evaluate the air resistance and test different kind of configurations. “As natural, the more surface is swiped by the rotor, the more power can be produced; however, it was seen that in small turbines the power rate per square meter is higher”, explains Soto, who considers that the configurations with two identical turbines would be the most viable to be installed in viaducts. If only produced power was evaluated, the best solutions would be the installation of two wind turbines with different sizes – in order to embrace the maximum available space-, or even a matrix of 24 small turbines – due to their power production per surface unit and low weight-, but concerning to viability, the best option is the one which includes two medium sized wind turbines. Results confirm that each viaduct presents specific energy possibilities and wind potential. In the Juncal Viaduct case, the evaluated power would be about 0,25 MW per wind turbine. So, with two turbines, the total power output would be 0,5 MW, which is classified in the medium-power range. “This would be the equivalent to 450-500 homes average consumption”, says Soto, who adds: “This kind of installation would avoid the emission of 140 tons of CO2 per year, an amount that represents the depuration effect of about 7.200 trees”. This research has been promoted by the Canarian company ZECSA. Researchers from Vigo University have taken part to analyze the electrical connections needed to develop the project, along with other researchers from Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University, who were in charge of the integration in the scope of renewable energies “. In fact, the study has been published in the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews and it is framed in PAINPER, a public infrastructures exploitation plan to boost the use of renewable energies. “PAINPER is an initiative which emerges from the difficulties seen in the implantation of this kind of energies in heavily built-up territories, as well as protected areas with low available space for new installations”, says Aday C. Martín, manager at ZECSA, who considers that renewable energy produced in wind turbines under viaducts could be added to energy from other wind, solar, geothermal and biomass installations. RSN: We Have the Renewable Energy We Need to Power the World – So What’s Stopping Us? from Tara Lohan of Alternet, writing for Readers Supported News: he environment is one bad news story after another. CLP Power delays energy project to spend more time on feasibility research by Cheung Chi-fai 21 Oct 2013
Offender Law And Morality Rules is really a methodical process of guidelines established and enforced by government or societal institutions to manipulate actions, through an particular description most likely nothing more than a question of very long-standing up debate. In popular use it truly is generally described as the scientific research and artwork of civil law. Civil laws insures disagreements in between individuals and businesses, together with non-public parties such as organisations,landlords and loan providers, and various other organizations. In the usa, civil regulation is element of the program of legislation generally known as judicial law. The term justice, such as concept morality, can be a time period which is not simply identified. Justice is often considered to be something which is utilitarian in general. In present-day modern society, the thought of proper rights is most often connected to thoughts of fairness or equality. Fairness and equality reference the notion that people must be handled equally on the similar situations along with related amounts of consequences. There are some who believe that justice is often a just objective most suitable, individual of people, which only courts can accomplish. For those who help a just community, or maybe a just environment, the idea of proper rights is assigned to the establishment of non-public regulations, which occurs amongst personal locals and governing administration administrators in thenationwide and national, and local concentrations. These laws and regulations are viewed as reputable and honest, even when they turmoil while using key points of essential morality. Theologians describe the separation of regulations and morality since the wall surface among liberty and proper rights. 1 could not fault an individual for breaking among those policies, though you can criticize a community for neglecting to implement the rules. For example, an individual will not gain access to, though the world can not call that individual just because the person steals. A person can be just or immoral, but not either simultaneously. In an effort to even more the ends of other individuals, even though working out from totally self awareness, really the only instances under the one that is often both morally bad and also just contain if a man or woman endorses an measures. If you want to guide an individual and you enable them to to ensure that they will end up more lucrative or perhaps to simply stay away from a horrible budget, you might be morally drastically wrong, but so is everybody who endorses your decisions, for instance. Not either, however when this happens, each individual who endorses your actions is morally wrong. Which means to get just you should be both equally just and moral, and the very idea of justness or morality is unrelated to the concept of justice or obligation. Proper rights and obligation are merely opposite techniques. Because it is not possible to get the two just and moral as well, any person cannot be the two just and moral by virtue being in a condition of obligation. Quite simply, what makes an individual a just and ethical individual is not that she or he pauses any legal guidelines, commits any criminal acts, harms any person personally or psychologically, or endorses wrongdoing. By doing this he violates legislation, harms someone, or triggers emotional or community damage to another, although fairly, the morally very good human being acts only away from his very own recognized profit. It really is only if legislation is broken by an action that is not section of his or her more intense intentions that this violation on the regulation will become morally just. Equally as there can be each just and immoral individuals, there will be the two illegal regulation and civil law. Although anyone can be neither of the two just neither immoral, the other might be just as so. Criminal laws, like civil rules, criminalizes execute that is considered to always be legal beneath the legislation however, the extent on the laws happens to be considerably broader than civil legislation. Illegal rules, contrary to civil law, criminalizes carry out that takes place within the context in the relationship involving the express and confidentialfirms and people, or colleges. The state occasionally purposes the very idea of morality to warrant specified steps. If, for example, anyone steals from the retailer simply with the objective to offer it the next day to obtain a bigger price tag, the person is said to acquire acted out of a motive, or avariciousness, which is certainly morally wrong. Likewise, if two men gain access to from each other well and one gets rid of the target as a result, the man can be morally wrong. This does not mean how the status have to support these measures, even so. It truly is properly inside the law to reprimand the man for his criminal offense, but our society ought not to be necessary to accomplish this. As well as the point out, occur to safeguard person rights, and if their state actually starts to use the method of morality to warrant its activities, then personal legal rights will no longer be guarded. In the states, conversely, most people just do not have confidence in the idea of employing morality to justify a offender measures, it is because world. Alternatively, most of the people are convinced that an act is justifiably undesirable only when it causes problems for an additional individual. Even though this might seem a tough notion to know, many people manage to grasp it far more easily than others do. If he only attempts to help his neighbor by giving tools to ensure he is able to help save his own vicinity, then modern society is more prone to seem another way. If you have any kind of inquiries regarding where and ways to use cavalry spv i llc, you can call us at our web-site. Related articles and reviews pointed out by readers from the web site: Suggested Online site helpful site mouse click the next web page simply click the next website
Pomeranian kissing owner The Dog Dental Hygiene Guide - Australian Edition Dental care for dogs is an area that is often neglected. As pet parents, we often hear tips about diet, training, pest prevention and whatnot, but dog dental care is not something that is discussed very often. Does this mean canine teeth don’t need any attention? Well, not really. This quick guide will tell you everything you need to know to give your pup’s teeth the care that they need. Dental Disease in Dogs Do dogs need dentists? Well, many dogs live their whole lives without having any issues serious enough to require an intervention. However, this doesn’t mean that they are not suffering from time to time. Dental disease in dogs is a real and common problem. But the good news is, we can do a lot to prevent the problem - with good dental care. “Our pets need regular and consistent dental care to make sure their teeth stay healthy and functional for as long as possible, and to prevent dental plaque and tartar build-up and dental and periodontal disease.” - RSPCA Periodontal disease is caused specifically by the buildup of plaque and tartar (2). This, in turn, happens in some dogs due to the lack of dental care. Periodontal disease is among the most common dental conditions in dogs which only goes to show we need to pay more attention to the teeth of our canine companions (3). Are all dogs at risk of dental and periodontal disease? Yes, they are. However, research has shown that smaller dogs (especially brachycephalic breeds like French Bulldogs or Chihuahuas) are more susceptible than larger dogs. In addition to this, dental problems are more common in older dogs than in younger canines (4). However, to prevent problems in old age we should start early with proper care. But how exactly do that? Find out below. How to Take Care of Dog Teeth? A proper dental care routine is important. The earlier you start, the more chances you have of preventing any disease. But does that necessarily mean brushing your dog’s teeth each day? Not necessarily. Every dog is unique and what works for some might not work for others. There are a couple of options when it comes to dog teeth cleaning, so let’s go through each of them and consider the advantages and drawbacks. Using a dog toothbrush and dog toothpaste is the most thorough dental cleaning option you can do at home. The process is essentially the same as with humans, but don’t ever attempt to use a human toothbrush or, even worse, toothpaste, on your dog. “Your dog does not know how to “spit out” their toothpaste after brushing, so extra care and consideration needs to be given to doggy toothpaste ingredients.” - Jessica Vogelsang, DVM for PetMD Luckily, there are plenty of brushes and pastes made specifically for dogs. Doggy toothbrushes are softer and gentler than those made for humans. They are also designed to make the cleaning process easier for you. Toothpaste made for dogs is designed to be swallowed. This means that the ingredients are quite different from those used in human toothpaste. The good news is that you can find many products flavoured like chicken or peanut butter which might just make it easier to convince your pup to endure a toothbrushing session. Dental Wipes For some dogs, getting used to a toothbrush seems to be mission impossible. In that case, dental wipes can help. Dental wipes are single-use pieces that you place over your finger. Then, you can use your finger to gently wipe your pup’s teeth. Dental wipes usually come with active ingredients inside, so there is no need to use extra toothpaste. They tend to work quite well against plaque buildup, but they are not as effective as brushes at getting to all those hidden spots. Dental wipes are also a good solution when you are travelling or just out and about. They are super easy to use, and you can simply throw them away when you are done. Dental Treats You’ve probably already seen some of the dog treats that claim to keep your dog’s teeth clean. Do they really work? Yes, to an extent. These treats are often shaped in a way to promote teeth cleaning while the dog is chewing and sometimes contain active ingredients to help the process. Giving your dog a dental treat is definitely easier than brushing their teeth. We wouldn’t recommend it as your only dental care tool but using a treat from time to time instead of brushing is ok. Dental Chew Toys It is also possible to find a variety of chewing toys that claim to clean your dog’s teeth. These chews can be quite effective, depending on their design. They are shaped in such a way to basically trick your dog into brushing their own teeth. If your dog is into chewing toys, this solution might be effective. Bonus points if you can get some doggie toothpaste onto the toy and get them to chew that. On the downside, some dogs simply don’t like chewing their toys. Plus, these chews will never be as thorough as using a toothbrush. Professional Cleaning One of the possibilities when it comes to dog teeth cleaning is also having it done by a professional. Many vets offer dental services, and sometimes you can also find professional services specialized in pet dental health. Having a dog’s teeth professionally cleaned is typically quite expensive, but it’s also the most thorough way to do it. Usually, you will only need to resort to this if your dog is having some problems or you haven’t cleaned their teeth in a very long time. Maintaining Healthy Dog Teeth: Final Thoughts What we tried to emphasize in this guide is that prevention can go a long way when it comes to dog dental health. Although dogs’ teeth are much more disease-resistant than ours, they can and do suffer from dental problems. The best thing you can do to help your canine companion and save yourself the trouble later is to establish a teeth-cleaning routine. What is the brown stuff on my dog's teeth? Tartar buildup (also called dental calculus) is the cause why your dog’s teeth might be yellow or brown in colour. When plaque is not cleaned on a regular basis, it will turn to tartar. Tartar is created by bacteria that live on the teeth and if not treated it can spread to the gums and cause serious problems. You might be able to reduce tartar with doggie toothpaste or similar products, but it's advisable to consult your vet in any case. How do you fix stinky dog breath? One thing that many pet parents don’t know is that bad breath in dogs can be caused by the lack of dental hygiene. It is often thought that bad breath in dogs comes from the food they eat, and this is true - but only in part. Try brushing your canine’s teeth on a regular basis and you’ll most likely notice a difference. If you’ve been doing this and there is no change, consult your vet as there may be an underlying issue. How can I get my dog used to toothbrushing? For dogs who have never experienced the sensation of brushing their teeth, the process can take some time. Do not start with a toothbrush and toothpaste right away. This might scare the dog and create a lasting aversion to toothbrushing. For a start, you’ll need to get your dog used to having you mess around the inside of their mouth. A good start is just moving their lips and gently touching their teeth and gums. Provide praise and treats if the dog stays calm. Once you get over this step, you can introduce the toothbrush. Again, do it slowly and with lots of treats in between. Only after the toothbrush is accepted you should start slowly introducing the toothpaste to the dog. 1. “How should I take care of my cat or dog’s teeth?”. RSPCA. Retrieved March 29, 2021. https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-should-i-take-care-of-my-cat-or-dogs-teeth/. 2. Watson, A. D. J. "Diet and periodontal disease in dogs and cats." Australian Veterinary Journal 71.10 (1994): 313-318. 3. Pavlica Z, Petelin M, Juntes P, Eržen D, Crossley DA, Skalerič U. Periodontal Disease Burden and Pathological Changes in Organs of Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2008;25(2):97-105. doi:10.1177/089875640802500210 4. Harvey CE, Shofer FS, Laster L. Association of Age and Body Weight with Periodontal Disease in North American Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 1994;11(3):94-105. doi:10.1177/089875649401100301 5. Vogelsang, J. August 20, 2015. “How to Clean a Dog’s Teeth: Tools and Tips”. Retrieved March 29, 2021. https://www.petmd.com/dog/grooming/what-best-way-clean-my-dogs-teeth Vedrana Nikolic Vedrana Nikolić is a professional writer, anthropologist & dog lover with a B.A. in Cultural Anthropology. Currently pursuing a Masters degree in Semiotics studying the communication between animals and humans. Vedrana is able to use her expertise to analyse and review dog products and write informative posts on canine behaviour and training. Click Here to Leave a Comment Below Leave a Reply:
The Essential Job of a Computer Forensics Engineer In criminal and civil cases, computer forensics experts play a pivotal role in extracting evidence fro computers or other digital storage devices. It requires years of experience and education to make sure that the data is extracted and preserved in accordance with the precise methodologies to verify any criminal or illegal activity. Types of Forensic Activities Computer forensic services involve multiple activities that enable collection and preservation of digital evidence: • Investigation of crime scene to gather and analyze any source of digital data available at the scene. • Tracing corporate network breaches and locating their root cause. • Any erased or damaged storage media is worked upon to recover or rebuild evidence. • Collecting evidence for personal matter like infidelity or professional ones like company policy violation. • Creating an investigative report on any evidences gathered. • Collaborating with law enforcement agencies or attorneys Forensic engineers also educate organizations on how to preserve evidence of any inappropriate activities and the best practices for data protection. Steps in computer forensics investigations The computer forensics engineers are required to be aware of the sensitivity of the data to be investigated. To ensure data preservation and evidence collection that relevantly stands up in court they are required to follow a strict protocol of activities. Initial Verification This step determines the most appropriate approach to take in recognizing the evidence that is to be collected and preserved by collecting the details of the incident to be investigated. System Assessment The description of all specifications of the system to be assessed is created including the OS, installed software, physical location, storage devices, network configuration, amount of RAM and any peripheral devices. Evidence Collection There is a chain of custody that is established over all data sources like network connections, storage, RAM, running process profiles, ARP cache plus open files or any other programs. System resident programs are replaced with trusted programs to collect data. Timeline and Artifact Reconstruction To determine file access and modification activity, this step analyzes the file systems. A detailed record of data artifacts is then created and actions are performed on them in the desired order. Information volume is reduced using sophisticated tools and a picture of programs executed, files opened or modifies and of any browsing activity or use of external storage is reconstructed. Raw Image Reconstruction Byte signatures, also called String searches or “magic cookies” are applied to identify the form of raw data image so as to reconstruct them in executable code or images. Data Recovery Additional data that is hidden, corrupted, deleted or encrypted is recovered at this step. Advanced software tools are used to accomplish these tasks. A detailed report of the analysis is created by the expert, which describe the analyses performed, and the result. A factual, logical and scientific approach that may be replicated is displayed in the report. It may also suggest any further investigative steps as may be necessary. Additional Skills of Top Notch Forensics Engineers Beside the discipline needed to conduct investigation with accuracy and the engineering qualification, the forensic engineers also require creativity and flexibility due to varied nature of the cases. Challenges such as anti-forensic software or broken components may pose unforeseen problems in their investigation. As they are often required to work with law enforcement team and also be called upon for testimony in court, they possess recommendable interpersonal and communication skills. As challenging as it gets, the work of computer forensic engineers is also rewarding. They own the satisfaction of being crucial to successful resolution of criminal, civil, business or personal matters alike.
We space ethnocentric once we use norms from our society to make generalizations aboutother peoples" cultures and customs. Together generalizations — regularly made without aconscious awareness that we"ve used our society as a global yardstick — have the right to be way offbase and cause united state to misjudge various other peoples. In the end, thinking ethnocentrically reducesanother culture"s means of life come a pale variation of our very own culture. Ethnocentrism leader to culturalmisinterpretation and distorts communication in between human us of various cultures. You are watching: Why do ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal? Ethnocentric thinking reasons us to make wrong assumptions around other people due to the fact that . .. We wind increase making premature judgments. It doesn"t occur to us that "they" might not be very an excellent at the really thing we room bestat. By analyzing "them" by what we are finest at, we might miss those elements of life thatthey handle more competently 보다 we do. Simple examples of ethnocentric thinking We Americans regularly talk about British drivers driving "on the not correct side" of the road. Whynot just say "opposite side" or even "left hand side"? We talk around written Hebrew as reading "backwards." Why not just say "from appropriate to left"or "in the opposite direction from English." I encouraged university students walk on short-term goals trips come think or say the phrase"Oh, that"s different" quite than using an ext negative and pejorative terms once encounteringstrange customizeds or foods. The the opposite of ethnocentrism is xenocentrism. Xenocentrism way preferring concepts andthings from other cultures over ideas and things from your own culture. At the love ofxenocentrism is an presumption (conscious or unconscious) the other societies are premium to yourown. One need to be careful, the course, not to throw around charges of "ethnocentrism" to shot todiscredit human being with who views us disagree. The best use that an knowledge ofethnocentrism is to use it to correct our own ethnocentric attitudes and behavior quite than thatof others. We need to keep in psychic the 2,000-year-old admonition that Jesus that Nazareth: "Why execute youlook in ~ the speck the sawdust in your brother"s eye and pay no fist tothe plank in your own eye?" (Matthew 7:3) For more understanding top top recognizing and dealing through ethnocentrism and ethnocentricattitudes and also behavior: Dog sled race illustratingethnocentrism Paul Hiebert top top ethnocentrism The dangers of monoculturalism So, what"s wrong v being monocultural (that is, discovering only one culture)? Well, a provincialism cultivation out that a monoculturalist worldview can cause you to autumn intothese traps: 1. A naive ethnocentrismI judge whatever using my own society as the measuring pole without being consciouslyaware of what I"m doing.2. Absolutist thinkingInsisting that things space not to be questioned: "It"s my method or the highway"An overly legalistic concern for maintaining form, precedents and also established customs/dd>3. An embracing of naive realism"As we watch things, that"s the method they are."Naive realism states that we can know things in the world directly without acquisition intoaccount our own filtering processes. Naive realism is the watch that as soon as we consciousness something,we have perceived it precisely as it is. The is believing the our consciousness of truth are no coloredor mediated by something else.4. Lack of respect for various other people"s ways"There"s nobody else here."5. The review of customs and also perspectives top top the communication of one"s very own culturally learnedassumptions and values (worldview)This grows out of the feeling that one"s views have actually been arrived at since they are superiorto any kind of other views.6. The usage of pejorative state to describe customizeds different from one"s ownThis may also be excellent innocently simply due to the fact that one hasn"t assumed through the baggagewhich those terms and phrases carry due to the method they were used in the past. "To know one"s culture is to evaluate its value. When you appreciate the valueof someone else"s culture, you collection aside the presupposed superiority of your own culture." --Adam Deckard, youth pastor Dr. Seuss" Sneetches publication is a delightful method of confronting prejudice based on in cultural and ethnic differencesYouTubereading that "The Sneetches" "Cultural differences should it is in celebrated, no ironed out." -- Christy Williams,Nazarene bible College student Cross-cultural knowledge milestones Can we properly get to embracing social diversity "I"m normal; you"re weird" As globalization moves ahead, what have the right to move us forward ~ above the route toward cross-culturalawareness and understanding? To screen their progression toward a destination, travelers in theU.S. Often examine the number on metal markers inserted every mile follow me U.S. Highways. Forthousands of years, europe travelers have depended on numbered "milestones" to markprogress toward their destination. Cultural awareness is much more than simply realizing that another culture is various from ours.Good cultural awareness consists of learning to value that other society and respecting the culturalboundaries. So, exactly how do we obtain to that point? Here room some turning points usually encountered in the journeytoward really cross-cultural sensitivity and understanding: Point the departure: "There"s nobody else here" or "Our method is the only rightway."Different way deficient"Wait a minute, there may be another way."Mind-set: Willingness to crack open the doorAwareness creates part sensitivity to social lenses"Oh, you mean there are reasons why human being respond differently."Mind-set: ToleranceDiscernment provides birth to understanding"It"s ok to it is in different."Mind-set: Favorable acceptanceRespect for social differences"Multi-cultural living deserve to enhance ours lives and even it is in fun."Mind-set: Appreciation and admirationEsteem Destination: Embracing the happiness of multiculturalism and cross-culturalunderstanding To invite civilization to do the trip to cross-culturalunderstanding is no asking lock to take on an uncritical relativism. Superficial culturalrelativism trivializes differences and also can also gloss end evil. Because that instance, an occasionalmisguided anthropologist has denounced do the efforts by others to get tribal teams to relocate awayfrom cannibalism ("it is, after every their way") As we think about whether to embark on this journey the willbridge social differences, we need to not be deterred simply due to the fact that some who have ferventlypreached "diversity" go so due to the fact that they had hidden -- and also not so covert -- "agendas" toadvance. The road to cross-cultural knowledge will not constantly beeasy. There will be misunderstandings. There will certainly be clashes that priorities and also even deepdifferences of opinion. Those need to not be permitted to lessen the delights awaiting us at the end ofthis path. See more: Classical Debates Of The Century : Rethinking Political Thought On Jstor "One factor we learn about diversity is so us don"t say something stupid and also offendpeople" -- juniorg8.com freshman Cultural adjustment realities: What to carry out with toilet paper? One truth of life in Mexico is that waste water pipes are smaller than those usedin the U.S. That method that Mexican pipes systems are an ext susceptible come blockages thanare U.S. Systems. Therefore, most human being in Mexico toss toilet paper in a trash can rather thanflushing it. After one temporary mission trip referred to as Commission depend Mexico forwhich i was the coordinator, a young mrs participant sent out me this note: -- Howard Culbertson How should we define a lightbulb? Did you know there is an ext than one way todescribe a lightbulb? What people call it counts on their allude of view. < an ext > Cultural sociology courseresources: cultural bingo icebreaker Bwanda Fusa game cultural anthropology instance studies Christianity and culture Culture shock Exam research guides Iceberg and also concentriccircles models of culture Light pear illustration: What perform you see? missions and culture My own society shock PowerPoint presentations offered in course Reading reports Readings have the right to yousurvive comes juniorg8.com? Research document topic suggestions
“The Black Swan” is a philosophical book written by Nassim Nicholas Taleb. The first edition of “The Black Swan” was published in 2007, and it was a great commercial success for the publisher. The second expanded edition was published in 2010. The basic premises of “The Black Swan” are connected with the unexpected life events. The book argues that our minds use various tricks to hide unexpected and rare events from us. Taleb uses the term “Black Swans” to describe such unpredictable events of human life. In lives, people need to make future plans, so they must make their plans by predicting their futures more orderly. In the same way, when people reflect back their past, it seems much more orderly than it actually was. Taleb tries to define such situations of life through his term black swan. The author illustrates the point that in life people expect all swans to be white, and it is shocking when a black swan swims by. He mentions that Black Swans drive the world more than the predictable and visible patterns around which people usually organize themselves. There are various examples of black Swans, such as the ancient European discovery of American continents, the rise of modern weaponry for war in between different countries, the rising of Eduardo Severin’s $20,000 investment in Facebook into $2 billion, the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and the great financial crisis of 2008, etc. (Taleb, 2007). The book’s layout follows a simple logic, which is connected with literacy in the beginning portion and science and mathematics in the later portions. Part one and the beginning of part two research deeply the human psychology. The writer addresses science and business in the latter half of part two and part three. Part four of the book contains various advices to approach the world in a tolerant behavior during uncertain situations. Taleb believes that people seem to be hardwired to find various predictable patterns to understand the world instead of looking for Black Swans. The author thinks that all human being are typically forward-looking models, who try to make sense of the world by accepting the inertia and normal distributions of the earth. As a result, people expect that their future to remain within an expected range with predictable outcomes. However, Black Swan often overwhelms our expectations for continuity, and it acts like a tsunami in human life that wipes out all of our careful planning. Taleb was born in Lebanon, in 1960, and lived among a “black swan” when his homeland was cast into the chaos of civil wars in 1975. These situations made the writer more affectionate about complicated human life. After immigrating to the United States, he worked in Wall Street, when he faced another black swan of his life through the Wall Street financial crisis. Black Monday in 1987 is the worst day in modern history when the Wall Street employees suffered the worst days of their business life. It was a drop in business that started with no clear reason Taleb’s epiphany. At that moment, he realized that various unpredictable events have far more influence in our lives than we care to admit in reality. Taleb’s arguments in “The Black Swan” are the wild outcomes of fractal geometry in which anything can happen in a night. He originally dedicates “The Black Swan” to Benoit Mandelbrot, who is considered as the godfather of fractal geometry (Taleb, 2007). The book has admirable ambition and appealing cheek, and contains various wise observations of life, such as people attribute their success to their skills, whereas their failures to external events outside their control. Taleb analyzes the reasons of shortcomings through “The Black Swan”, and describes that lack of structure is the first reason of person’s failure. For instance, the collapse of the former Soviet Union was an incomprehensible and unlikely event that was caused by the lack of structure. The book teaches various approaches of lives, and it advises to focus on the situations, which are unknown instead of giving attention to the situations that are known. The 2008 financial crisis situation make the point more clear. Taleb describes the situation as “The Black Swan” of 2008. The author is more interested to suggest the society some simple rules of business, which illustrates “How Not to Invest” to avoid complex situations. He implicitly blows up the status quo investment approaches, which are embraced by the mainstream Financial Infotainment and Industrial Complex. Also, he describes the interesting lives of investing career through the book “The Black Swan” (Taleb, 2007). Financial Status of Life Taleb criticizes society for failing to expect extreme events through “The Black swan”. He complains that Wall Street traders attend their discussions and then make stock forecasts with a rather unfruitful result. However, they do so, because it is their job and they must do it, as institutional investors always demand for the Wall Street forecasts. Thus, he suggests his readers to maintain financial stability by taking some specific future steps (Taleb, 2007). Live Frugally “The Black Swan” conveys an important message to live frugally, because frugality is a great economic and personal advantage in human life. If a person knows how to maximize his/ her resources, then he/ she may be able to survive great changes of life in more effective ways. Also, frugality helps to build up personal resources. Minimize Future Costs The book teaches us different ways to use our own money. For instance, if a person invests his extra money in some fruitful works, then he/ she can have good benefits from the investment in the future time period. It helps to reduce the necessity of resources in the future, so it means that very few “black swans” can disrupt them in future if they invest their extra money in the present time period. Why Mid-Terms.com is your BEST choice in custom writing? 24/7 Customer Support 100% Confidentiality Plagiarism Free Papers Save lots of cash with us! Placing an Order You Would Get Your Own Code Earning Money Amazing Discount System Have a Large and Stable Emergency Fund By reading the book, it is clear that if a person has a large amount of cash reserve for any kind of emergency situation, then he/ she can ride through the situation easily, whether it is a small or medium-sized “black swan” they can get rid of it easily. For example, if a person is suspended from the job in some critical situation, then it is possible to fight against such “black swans” through our emergency funds (Taleb, 2007). To Assure a Good “Opportunity” Fund Sometimes unexpected situations bring nice opportunities. In such situations, the opportunity becomes more effective, if people can manage to have the required resources by creating an “opportunity” fund. For instance, there is a large chunk of land for sale in a profitable area. Suddenly, the owner has made a nice price drop, which is quite negotiable, and then the “opportunity” fund will help to buy the property for future benefit. In short, the book advices to keep some resources at hand in order to make life more useful, and minimize what is needed in the future (Taleb, 2007). Get paper of the TOP quality Order Now The Black Swan and Investing Taleb briefly discusses the advantages of investment in “The Black Swan”. His suggestions for taking advantages of black swans are quite unusual, but it makes some sense. He advises people to put 85-90% of their investment money into something extremely stable, such as treasury notes. He admits that the other 10-15% of investment is the riskiest part, so people should be careful with that part of the investment. For instance, if a person wants to invest $10,000, then he must put $8,500 into treasury notes, which returns 2% annually and the rest $1,500 in some new organization. Thus, at the end of the year, if he/ she loses all invested money that he put in new organization, still he will have only 13.3% of loss and he will get back $8,670. On the other hand, if the person’s luck suddenly changes and the new organization investment goes in a good profit and he/ she gets 900% return on that investment, then his/ her $1,500 turns into $15,000. He will finally have $23,670 that is a 136.7% return. Basically, by demonstrating similar kinds of examples in “The Black Swan”, Taleb wants to define that there are many more black swans out there in this world than people initially believe there are, so a person should take a ride without taking a serious risk (Taleb, 2007). From the above discussion, “The Black Swan” is a unique philosophical book that gives us knowledge about various complex situations of life and its solutions. Nassim Nicholas Taleb beautifully portraits various unpredictable events of human life and compares it with Black Swans. Although the book is connected with philosophy, still the author manages to explain the rules and regulation of life through financial calculation methods. Thus, Taleb shows the society the unpredictable side of human life and its solutions through his book “The Black Swan”. 1. Taleb, N. N. (2007). The black swan. The United States, Random House publication. Discount applied successfully
"Ionic wind" tech could revolutionize the fruit-drying industry "Ionic wind" tech could revolu... Orange slices that were quickly and efficiently dried using the new technique Orange slices that were quickly and efficiently dried using the new technique View 2 Images Orange slices that were quickly and efficiently dried using the new technique Orange slices that were quickly and efficiently dried using the new technique A diagram of the ionic wind fruit-drying system A diagram of the ionic wind fruit-drying system When you think of processes that could benefit from a high-tech makeover, the drying of fruit may not be the first one that comes to mind. It turns out, however, that the use of "ionic wind" for fruit-dehydration both saves energy and preserves nutrients. For most of us, the application of heat may seem like the obvious choice for the drying of fruit. Unfortunately, though, subjecting fruit to high temperatures reduces its flavor and destroys much of its nutrient content. Instead, commercial food producers typically utilize a "non-thermal drying" process, in which fans blow unheated air across the fruit to gradually evaporate the moisture out of it. This technique does leave most of the flavor and nutrients intact, but it also takes a long time and uses a lot of electricity. Seeking an alternative to the power-hungry fans, scientists at Switzerland's Empa research institute looked to a phenomenon known as ionic wind. To understand how it works, you first have to consider that air is composed of gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The atoms that make up each of the gas molecules in turn consist of negatively charged electrons and heavier positively charged protons. When a suspended wire is positively charged to a high voltage, the electrons are thus drawn towards it, while the protons are repelled. In fact, the electrons actually split off from the nearby gas molecules, leaving the protons behind. As a result, the gas molecules are now only positively charged, so they move away from the wire, towards a grounded collector located beneath it. While on their way to that collector, they collide with neutrally charged gas molecules, sending them heading in the same direction. All of those moving molecules ultimately create a wind. In previous studies, scientists only had limited success using ionic wind technology to dry fruit. This time around, however, colleagues at Canada's Dalhousie University took the extra step of placing the fruit on a grounded mesh instead of an impermeable tray. This made a huge difference, as moisture could now evaporate from all sides of the fruit, allowing it to dry twice as fast and in a more uniform fashion. "Now this isn't exactly rocket science, but so far no one has considered this adaptation for the drying with ionic wind," says the study leader, Prof. Thijs Defraeye. When compared to conventional non-thermal drying techniques, the mesh-augmented ionic wind method was found to be much quicker, plus it dried the fruit more evenly while preserving more nutrients, and it consumed less than half as much energy. According to the researchers, it should also be fairly easy to scale the system up for industrial use – Empa is now working with a Swiss retailer on commercializing the technology. Source: Empa The ionized air might also reduce microbial growth. If people with mold sensitivities have problems with dried fruit, this new technique might solve that. This article caught my eye because I just finished making a simple food dehydrator of my own a couple of weeks ago. It uses two fans (one blows in, the other out) from old computer cases and four incandescent light bulbs. With the lights on it reaches a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius, with the fans 31 degrees is maintained. It consumes 300 watts and takes 2 days to dry 2 dozen apples. I have also done chili peppers, parsley, and pears with excellent results. I hope this ionization process is efficient and economically effective and not some kind of rube goldberg solution because dried food requires no refrigeration, its nutrients intact and quite tasty. The dried parsley turns a bright green in a dish, just like as if it was fresh. I am quite pleased with the results. I wonder how this process compares to room temp vacuum drying. Also instead of grounding the mesh, it could be used as the cathode to charge the water in the fruit, which could be drawn to an anode collector above or below. Bruce H. Anderson How does this compares on energy usage to freeze-drying?
Best answer: How does the lymphatic system lead to cancer spread? How does the lymphatic system help and hinder spread of cancer? The lymph nodes filter the lymph fluid as it passes through them. White blood cells, such as B cells and T cells, attack any bacteria or viruses they find in the lymph. When cancer cells break away from a tumour, they may become stuck in one or more of the nearest lymph nodes. Why does cancer commonly metastasize through the lymphatic system? Fluid from the areas surrounding the lymph nodes drains into the lymph nodes. Cells from Tumor cells may break away from the primary tumor and be carried to a nearby lymph node. The lymphatic system is a primary mechanism for tumors to move, or metastasize, to other parts of the body. Can cancer spread if not in lymph nodes? IT IS INTERESTING: Can bone tumors go away? Does apple cider vinegar help the lymphatic system? How do you flush your lymphatic system? 2. Alternative Treatments. … 3. Hot and Cold Showers. … 4. Use Dry Brushing. … 5. Drink Clean Water. … 6. Avoid Wearing Tight Clothes. … 7. Breathe Deeply. … 8. Eat Foods That Promote Lymph Flow. Does cancer in lymph nodes spread fast? Cancer spreading to the lymph nodes On the other hand, if your doctor finds the cancer cells have traveled to lymph nodes far from the initial tumor, the cancer may be spreading at a faster rate and could be in a later stage. Is metastatic cancer always Stage 4? Stage 4 cancer is the most severe form of cancer. Metastatic cancer is another name for stage 4 cancer because the disease has usually spread far in the body, or metastasized. How fast do cancerous lymph nodes grow? If the lymph node is cancerous, the rapidity with which the lump arises and grows depends on the type of lymphoma that is present. In rapidly growing lymphomas, lumps can appear in a matter of days or weeks; in slower-growing types, it can take months or even years. How long can you live with cancer in lymph nodes? IT IS INTERESTING: What causes breast and colon cancer? Does having lymph nodes removed affect your immune system? Does having lymph nodes removed affect your immune system? Having lymph nodes removed does not affect your body’s ability to fight infections. It’s common to have lymph nodes under the arm removed as part of surgery for breast cancer. What herbs cleanse the lymphatic system? Herbs. Using herbs is a popular way to naturally purify your lymphatic system. Calendula, echinacea, and dandelion are just a few of the many herbs that promote lymphatic drainage, reduce any swelling and pain, and boost your immune system. Can you live a long life with lymphedema? Though lymphedema isn’t generally life-threatening, it’s a life-long condition. Controlling swelling and preventing infection in swollen areas is essential to good health. With the help of lymphedema specialists you can better manage your symptoms. What should you not do with lymphedema? Avoid trauma or injury to the affected area. Avoid heavy lifting with the affected arm. No new tattoos in the affected area. Do not wear tight clothing, bands, shoes, or jewelry on the affected area.
skip to main content Career Planning Career Planning One of the most commonly asked questions for high school students is, "What do you want to do after high school". Unless the student has a specific educational goal such as going to college, or a specific career goal such as joining the military, the odds are very high they will answer, "I don't know, Get a job, I guess. . . " They probably haven't thought too much past short term financial gains to think about longer, life satisfaction goals. While both a job and a career involve getting up and going to work in the morning, there is a huge difference in the attitude of a person holding a job and the attitude of a person with a career. The differences don’t necessarily come from salary or benefits. They might not even come from the difficulty of the work. The major difference between a job and a career comes from how you look at your work and how much you like doing your work. Here's an example Job: Many high school and college students get part-time jobs at department stores such as Kohl’s. For the majority of these workers, their time at Kohl's is only a job. They will work there for a couple of years to pay for school or a car and then quit. They generally do their work well, but punch out time is best time of the day. These students all hold a job. They have no long term plans to work at Kohl's. Their experience at Kohl's does give them the ability to get a similarly skilled position at another store, but the opportunities to advance are more limited, because they see their time at Kohl's as means to earn money, not necessarily the first step toward a career. Career: Conversely, the same high school student may start out part-time at Kohl's because they are interested in fashion and marketing. In addition to their work there, the student enrolls in an arts college and pursues a degree in fashion. They put in more hours at the store, moves up the managerial ladder, and uses their work experience as part of a thesis project. When the student is done with school they stay with Kohl's but as a buyer, rather as floor sales. For this student, their job at Kohl's is the first step in their career. Their experience at Kohl's might be a stepping stone to a career with a fashion magazine, a buyer for a higher end clothing store such as Nordstrom's, or employment at a completely different company that needs their particular skills. Their career choices have given them more options than just having an hourly sales job. Major Concerns Job ‘“ Someone with a job is concerned about getting a steady paycheck. He/She will do those things required to keep receiving that paycheck: show up on time, complete all his tasks satisfactorily, and get along with his co-workers and boss. Career ‘“ Someone on a career track wants to learn more about his/her career and network with his/her colleagues to create further opportunities. He/She is willing to take risks to improve their occupational skills. He/She is more concerned with job satisfaction and pay is secondary. Future Outlook While many careers do not require a 4 year college degree, frequently they do require training or certification after high school. While some people are lucky enough to have their early jobs turn into their career, others unfortunately move from job to job, never finding a career due to a lack of advanced training, a missing degree, or inadequate preparation.
Question: What Are The Disadvantages Of Charter Schools? Can charter schools deny students? Instead, charter schools can provide children with a tuition-free, high-quality school option. Because charter schools are public schools, they accept all students.. Are charter schools better or worse? The most rigorous studies conducted to date have found that charter schools are not, on average, better or worse in student performance than the traditional public school counterparts. … Some of charter schools significantly outperform their counterparts in traditional districts. Are charter schools a good idea? A 2003 national study showed charter school students were no better than public schools at educating kids. … A 2012 study by the California Charter Schools Association found that charter schools are more likely to be both higher performing and lower performing than traditional public schools. Why do charter schools pay less? It is possible that charter school teachers’ salaries are lower because they tend to have worked for fewer years at their current schools. However, the Schools and Staffing Survey does not provide salary data by seniority level. Note also that some charter schools pay teachers markedly higher salaries. What are the benefits of a charter school? What are the benefits of a charter school?Charter Schools Are Designed to Fit Your Child’s Unique Needs.Give Your Child Flexibility & Freedom Not Found in Public Schools.See Your Child Thrive Through Smaller Class Sizes & More Individualized Support.More items… Why do parents choose charter schools? Parents are choosing charter schools for a reason According to the survey results, the top three reasons why parents choose charters are their academic reputation (32%), proximity to home/work (28%), and a safe environment (27%). Do charter schools pay teachers less? Teacher pay Yes, some charters offer slightly better pay than public schools but there’s a catch. … Most charter schools don’t allow unions, making collective bargaining for higher wages near impossible. In fact, some charter school teachers make much less than their public school counterparts. What percentage of charter students go to college? YES Prep Public Schools: 47 percent college graduation rate. KIPP Public Charter Schools: 38 percent college graduation rate. What are the negatives of charter schools? Do colleges look down on charter schools? College admissions committees generally view charter schools the same as they do any other school. They will consider the difficulty of your coursework along with your level of success. Obviously, if a charter school is highly ranked and you are successful there, college admissions committees will be impressed. Why are charter schools controversial? A Controversial Topic At first it was mainly traditional public school teachers who feared charter schools would eat up all the available funding and the teacher unions who saw the charter’s freedom to unionize or not, as a threat to their membership numbers. Why is charter school better than public? The basic concept of charter schools is that they exercise increased autonomy in return for greater accountability. As public schools, charter schools are open to all children, do not require entrance exams, cannot charge tuition, and must participate in state testing and federal accountability programs. Which is better magnet or charter school? A magnet school may be the best choice for a child who is interested in STEM subjects or the arts. The curriculum is more flexible in a charter school making this a better choice for a child with more varied interests. Charter schools are also more numerous and readily available, with more added every year. Why do charter schools exist? Educational quality: The primary reason for the existence of charter schools is to make sure every child has access to a quality education. With the freedom and choice to do so, charters set higher standards and must meet them to stay in business. … Charters are one of America’s tickets to a higher-quality school system.
Why fixing global education is the right step toward economic prosperity PUBLISHED: Thu, 04 May 2017 09:18:25 GMT Today, 263 million children around the world don’t attend school. Another 330 million, despite being in school, receive subpar education. It’s not that their parents don’t want quality education for their children. Rather, existing solutions are priced far above what they can afford. And the solutions most can afford, many of which are government funded, are so mediocre children are better off without them. It’s a global education problem – and a prime example of nonconsumption, defined as a large segment of the population that cannot afford to purchase and use existing solutions in the market. To tackle the issue of nonconsumption, countries suffering most from the education crisis must invest in market-creating innovation. It is the investment in, and proliferation of, market-creating innovations in poor countries that leads to economic prosperity. Bridge International Academies (Bridge) is proof. Bridge, a chain of nursery and primary schools with a mission to deliver affordable education to millions of children in poor countries, is one of the best examples of a market-creating innovation in Africa. If harnessed properly and supported aggressively, Bridge – supported by Bill Gates, Zuckerberg, the World Bank, and several other high-profile institutions and foundations – could have a positive societal impact that far surpasses the popularly celebrated mobile money platform M-PESA. Despite being less than a decade old and operating in some of the toughest countries in the world, Bridge has already made a tremendous impact. Since 2009, it has built more than 500 schools in India, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, and Uganda, and has educated more than 250,000 children. As you read this, there are currently more than 100,000 children receiving a quality education in Bridge schools across those five countries. Teacher absenteeism, a problem so pervasive in poor countries it has been flagged by the World Bank, is a mere one percent at Bridge. The global average monthly cost of a Bridge education is about $7 per month, an amount within the reach of many of Bridge’s consumers. Approximately one new Bridge school is built each month, further broadening its reach. Yet, despite all of the positives, in November 2016, a Ugandan court ordered the closure of 60 Bridge schools, citing allegations of poor hygiene and putting children’s lives at risk. In Liberia, a United Nations rights expert complained that the country’s decision to “outsource its primary education to a private company” is unacceptable. Unfortunately, these complaints are misguided and could cause a devastating shock to an already fragile education system in many poor countries. Bridge’s solution, while not perfect, far surpasses what many poor country governments can accomplish. Remember, these are countries that struggle to pay salaries of existing public servants. But the gospel of “universal primary education,” promulgated by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4, is now so pervasive that education is not only seen as an absolute necessity, but also as the exclusive responsibility of the government. We forget that now-developed countries did not have this heavy burden when they were poor. Instead of calling for the closure of Bridge schools, or complaining about the outsourcing of a core function of government (providing education), these actors should learn from – and work with – Bridge. At its core, Bridge represents a model of innovation that is absolutely necessary for poor countries to adopt if they are to escape poverty and catapult to prosperity First comes fear, then comes improvement and adaptation Many of the incumbents in the education sector of poor countries, including teachers, unions, administrators and policymakers, have real and understandable fears. Their beloved sector will likely undergo an unwelcome, but necessary, transformation. However, instead of looking at Bridge as a replacement, they should consider it a complement to the existing under-resourced education system. A complement that could truly transform the education sector in their respective countries – and even create better opportunities for them and for their children. Consider Ford’s “affordable automobile” innovation with the Model T, which spurred the mass consumption of cars and revolutionized America. In hindsight, we recognize it as a crucial invention, but many during the industry’s nascency did not see it that way. Instead, the automobile was viewed as a “noisier, dirtier, and more dangerous variation of the bicycle.” Their concerns were valid; people lost their lives and limbs while driving and sharing the streets with the automobile. But its value to society was so indisputable that, instead of calling for its demise, we innovated further, improved it, and figured out a way to better integrate it to society. A similar result can happen with Bridge. Understand, embrace, and then challenge The value Bridge provides is clear. But Bridge, by itself, is not enough. To truly have a transformative impact in the countries where Bridge works, we should challenge it to further integrate its operations. For instance, we should ask Bridge what its plans are for the students that graduate from their programs. How will it radically transform not just primary education, but also other forms of education? If Bridge were challenged, as opposed to criticized, the organization would rise to the challenge – and it has already begun to. Today, Bridge provides secondary school scholarships for some of its primary school graduates, understanding the value of an excellent primary school education diminishes without access to secondary school. It also started to measure students’ performance on national exams, finding the longer a student is educated at Bridge, the higher the student’s chances of passing. In Kenya, Bridge’s two longest running academies had a 100 percent pass rate for the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education exam. The reality in poor countries is dire Aagon Tingba, the Liberian Deputy Minister for Administration in Education, could not have said it better: “Critics say the government should be responsible for our own schools, but in Liberia we simply don’t have the resources to do it ourselves. That is the reality. Liberian children deserve more. Doing nothing was not an option.” To say Bridge should not be in the business of providing affordable education because that “is the government’s responsibility” is understandable, but incomplete thinking. What happens when many governments cannot afford it? Sign Up for Our Newsletter Daily Update
Monday, October 25, 2021 HomeNewsWomen can make children, but only men can make men Women can make children, but only men can make men Therefore, to become men, boys need to move away from the security of the family and be integrated into wider society with its different set of norms. For boys, the process of separation starts early, but there are different interpretations of how this comes about. Feminists such as Nancy Chowderow posit that parents encourage the son to disconnect from the mother because dependency is incompatible with masculinity. This results in ‘psychic wounds’ which provide a convenient explanation for ‘toxic masculinity’. However, as a predictable human pattern, Chowderow’s explanation is incompatible with all those women who argue daughters get less attention than sons. While it is accepted that boys do at some stage learn to differentiate themselves from their mothers, psychoanalysts would argue that it is identification with the father that plays a crucial role. But what is also incredibly important is a boy’s innate tendency, which does not appear in girls, to move away from adults and gravitate towards their peers. Joyce Benenson, a Professor of Psychology at Emanuel College, Boston, has been studying children’s interactions since she was 19. In her wonderful book Warriors and Worriers: the Survival of the Sexes,she shows through a wide range of experiments, how even as babies, boys are attracted toward groups, whereas girls will home in on the individual. This tendency develops into a pattern whereby girls form dyadic relationships – relationships between two individuals – whereas boys form increasingly complex patterns of social relationship, and groups which merge into enlarging groups. Whether the organisation of an army, a band of disciples, or a group of boys left to their own devices, the format is much the same. The controversial anthropologist Lionel Tiger suggested in his book The Decline of Males that this group-oriented behaviour evolved out of the needs of the hunting party. But Benenson’s more convincing explanation is that men banded together to defeat the enemy. The survival of the fittest meant that our forefathers were those of the men who were most successful at defeating the other group. To support her thesis, she brings together a wonderful array of evidence from boys’ liking of ‘rough and tumble’ play and hitting. From the earliest ages, boys are fantasising about enemies and creating games which involve strategies of attack and defence. Through this banding together, men develop an extraordinary level of social skill. Not only are they able to form deep dyadic relationships, but they are able to live for extended periods of time in close physical proximity and maintain love and loyalty for each other as well. However, what is perhaps most remarkable about male behaviour is their liking of competition. But this is not the competition for personal advantage which one finds among women fighting for resources to shore up their family. The point of male competitiveness is to maximise the functionality of the group. Through this intense competitiveness, boys weak in one area will develop a strength or specialisation in another, so that they can make a valuable contribution to the group. Benenson also shows how boys, but not girls, recognise and value this expertise. Through the competitive process, groups are organised in a way which gets highly competitive individuals to acknowledge others have more skills in some specific areas than they do and happily defer to someone more skilled than themselves. This competitive behaviour invariably involves fighting and conflict, but another striking aspect of male behaviour is the ease with which males reconcile (unless it seems, they are brothers!) Benenson explains: ‘After a serious fight, former allies find some way to signal that the hostilities are over; they reconcile. Chimpanzees actually kiss, embrace, squeeze one another’s genitals, and then it is back to business as usual.’ This fighting serves to recalibrate the social order in a way which facilitates its functionality. Girls by contrast don’t want any conflict. They try to be equal and actually forget who won or lost. Another feature of boys’ behaviour is an incredible aptitude for inventing games and their rules. Given the same resources, boys would play significantly longer than girls. This included spending a great deal of time quarrelling about the rules. The researchers also observed that the boys had very much more fun. Rules hold a deep attraction for males; they abide by them even when they kill. At a certain point, this rambunctious male behaviour needs to be tamed. As they get older, increases in testosterone become a threat to the social order because they are accompanied by a decrease in fear. Unrestrained young men practised in group competition can wreak havoc without a real enemy. Problems are worsened where the ratio of young men to old increases; this is known as a ‘youth bulge’. Where these exist, it is well recognised that the risks of serious social conflict are likely to grow. The pre-industrial societies that anthropologists studied have wonderful ways of dealing with this. Boys are typically taken off to the men’s house, where they are instructed in rites and rituals and secrets, which form an elaborate and symbolic imitation of female processes of reproduction. The most elaborate of rituals often involve the letting of blood and this final initiation occurs once the men have learnt to provide. Such rituals are conducted in an exclusively male environment. As Margaret Mead observed: Women make children, but only men can make men. Through this process, young men are inserted into a social order which transcends the particularistic concerns of their individual families. They are subordinated to the rules of their elders while their elders are the servants of a divinity which is representative of, and greater than, the whole. And yes, this is a patriarchy. But it is not a patriarchy which subordinates women. Rather, it is a patriarchy which tames and subordinates men. Once they have become part of this male-headed society, the men are ready to become fathers. This is because they have been schooled in how to protect and provide and care for their families. This is the whole point of the gruelling, painful process of male initiation; to turn raw untamed youth into men who could be good fathers. This is what patriarchy does to men. * Thank you to Vincent Nezianya for the insight that a man is a person who would make a good father. - Advertisement - Belinda Brown Sign up for TCW Daily
What is Data Science? A simple definition of data science is that it’s the study of analyzing information and predicting outcomes. The predictions are mainly made using machine learning, but just one model can take months of data extraction, cleanup, coding, and deployment. Data science requires much larger reservoirs of data than a standard application using basic algorithms. You can’t use a few dozen stored records to analyze data accurately. You need millions of records to build and test a model. The first step for a data scientist to work with any organization is to gather and clean data. You’ve probably heard of “big data” and may even use the technology in your current applications. Big data is unstructured, but it’s perfect for data science. Unstructured data technologies grab as many records as possible and store them in a database such as MongoDB. This data can be anything, but just as an example consider a website and each of its pages. A crawler finds pages on a website and stores its text, images, and links in an unstructured record. You can scrape an entire site and get its data without worrying about structuring the data as you crawl as long as you use a database that supports unstructured formats. The next step is to clean the data, which is probably the most tedious part of data science. Most scientists clean the data and load it into a CSV file, which is a comma-delimited list of values. These files are easy to import either into another database or code, and any operating system supports After collecting the data, it’s time to figure out its functions. The data scientist first analyzes the data he has and asks a question. For instance, maybe you want to know what products are more likely to attract customers. You could take data from your e-commerce store and use previous customer orders to determine which products are most popular and which ones could be popular during the holidays to improve your sales and focus marketing efforts. Data science models could answer this question for you and make predictions using machine learning to contribute to improving your sales. Building a Model After the data scientist and the business determine the question to be answered, it’s time to build a model. A model is a unit of code that represents the “answer” to the question. The answer is usually represented in a graph to make it easier for the public to consume and understand the information. The visuals are typically a part of a library imported into the project, but the data scientist must ensure that the analysis that transforms data to a graph is acc. One of two main programming languages often is chosen to create the models. R is the language of math and statistics, so is the likely choice if your scientists have a mathematics educational background. More people understand Python, which is suitable for other development projects and is more popular among data scientists. Colleges teach Python, and because of its wide use within programming circles, you might find it easier to implement with a smaller learning. The data scientist creates the model with the question in mind. Using the e-commerce example, here’s how it works: The data scientist would review the data and set it up as rows and columns to import into Python code, which then calculates and displays it as a graph. The graph can be any number of plots, charts, and even visualization tools such as Excel or PowerPoint. The visual output is used to present information to the business for them to sign off on the results. Once the analysis is shown to be accurate, the data scientist can move on to the next step, which is creating the. The foundation for the model is logistic code that takes the data stored in a CSV file and runs it through the data scientist’s algorithms. The algorithms could be open-source or custom made by the scientist. It’s not uncommon for a developer to also dive into the analytics to better understand what must be dep. Although every model is different, you can just think of them as a module of code that represents the answer to a question. The business asks the question, and the data scientist develops a solution in the form of a model. Model Deployment One of the toughest parts of the entire data science workflow is deploying a model. The scientist must work with a developer to convert the model (written in R or Python) into the local application’s language, which can be any language such as C#, JavaScript, PHP, or VB. The developer might not be an analytics expert, and it’s up to the scientist to explain the model in a way that makes it easy for the developer to convert it. Statistically, most models never even make it to the application. Developers are hesitant to deploy machine learning code into an application without fully understanding what the code does, but it’s necessary for the business to take advantage of each. A good example of a machine learning module and local applications is in the finance industry. When you go to a cashier and want credit at the department store, you give her some information about yourself without telling your life story. From just your social security number, name and birth date, an algorithm can decide whether or not to give you credit. These financial decisions are made using data science models. The question that the model answers is: “Are you a trustworthy candidate for credit, and does your data history indicate that you will pay the money back?” You know that the response to a credit application is either yes or no. Data models written by data scientists make this decision, and they use machine learning to pick up on patterns within millions of records. Integrating Data Science into Business Code Building a new data team is costly, takes time, and there is a learning curve for your developers. The benefits far outweigh the disadvantages, and you can work with project managers and agencies to help get you started. If you’ve thought of taking your business analytics to the next level, adding a data scientist to your current IT team is the way to go. Your developers will learn new skills, your business will make more money, and you can take advantage of the latest in code design and database storage technologies. Want to learn more about how we can help you?
How to become a police officer HomeCriminal justicePolice officer To safeguard American society and its citizens, police officers take it upon themselves to enforce local and national laws as a means of ensuring peace and order. Generally, police officers are responsible for responding to both emergency and non-emergency calls while regularly patrolling their specific jurisdiction checking that laws are being adhered to. As first responders, they often place themselves in harm’s way, positioning themselves between criminals and the citizens they protect. Police officers are ultimately responsible for a wide range of tasks that can vary from day to day, but their duties typically include the following: • Patrolling neighborhoods to prevent unlawful acts • Engaging in community outreach to offer services related to public safety • Arresting suspects, gathering evidence, testifying in court • Responding to calls and documenting interactions with suspects and witnesses Police officers play numerous roles on a local, state, and national level, all of which focus around preventing crime and protecting citizens. Once in the position, police officers are tasked with controlling traffic, issuing citations, conducting preliminary investigations, preparing field notes, arresting and processing criminals, testifying in court, as well as other essential duties that help safeguard their assigned community. Becoming employed as a police officer provides various benefits and, while there are risks that come with the job, there are numerous advantages to help counter any challenges that may arise. Since police officers are needed at every level of law enforcement from local to national, there are no geographic constraints. Every day on patrol is also unpredictable due to the wide variety of tasks and duties, which limits a monotonous daily schedule. The personal satisfaction that arises from protecting citizens and communities can be a positive motivating factor for many in this job. The BLS predicts a 5% job growth for this professional until 2029, which is a higher-than-average growth rate for all other occupations. However, this demand does depend on location, as budgets provided by local and state governments can impact the number of available positions. Despite the unknown influence of governmental budgets, communities continue to demand an increase in officers, even when crime rates fall. This demand for police officers is predicted to continue to rise, thereby providing professional stability. One of the most crucial characteristics a police officer must have is the ability to perform their duties impartially. They must be able to enforce laws without allowing sex, race, religion, or political affiliations to impact their responses. Officers must maintain their integrity to effectively carry out their duties or risk losing their standing in the community and thereby becoming ineffective. Police officers are required to serve their community, safeguard lives and property, protect the innocent, maintain peace, and provide justice and liberty for all. Tasks and duties Getting down into more specific tasks because not all police work is patrolling. What else do police officers do? Respond to emergency calls When someone needs immediate assistance, the police typically answer the call and arrive at the scene first. Emergency calls can range from violent crimes to noise complaints, and as a result, police officers require the ability to quickly adapt to any given situation. Patrol neighborhoods When not responding directly to emergency calls, police officers patrol an assigned neighborhood for reasons that vary from the regulation of traffic to protecting lives and property. Write citations A citation is a directive given to an individual by an officer that typically requires the person to appear in court to answer for an alleged misdemeanor or infraction. If found guilty of a misdemeanor, there is the possibility of incarceration, whereas an infraction usually carries a fine. Deliver warrants Once a judge determines if there is enough evidence that suggests an individual has committed a crime, they issue an arrest warrant, which authorizes the police to arrest the individual identified in the warrant. Arrest and process criminals Once a police officer is called to the scene and makes an arrest, they must escort the alleged criminal back to the police department for processing. This consists of entering the charges regarding the crime the individual allegedly committed. Testify in a law court Police officers are often asked to testify in court for reasons that can range from moving violations to more intense violent crimes where the officer intervened. alt"light-bulb-1" Did you know? There are more than 800,000 sworn officers in the United States. Future outlook future outlook tooltip icon Future Outlook Projections are taken from the Projections Management Partnership (PMP). The PMP is funded by the Department and Labor, Employment and Training Administration, with direct support from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The PMP provides data-driven projections of future workforce needs. Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers total employment Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers annual openings future outlook tooltip icon Annual openings include jobs available due to both an increase in demand, and regular employee turnover (retirees, career switchers, etc.). Estimated increase in Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers jobs (2018-2028) future outlook tooltip icon The estimated increase in jobs (2018-2028) is the increase in total jobs expected and does not consider employee turnover. Neutral job growth-0 Neutral job growth-1 Neutral job growth-2 Neutral job growth future outlook tooltip icon To provide context to estimated job growth, we employ a “fire and ice” system, which compares projected career growth to the national average of 5.2%, as follows: <-10% = 3 ices Btwn -5 to -9.9% = 2 ices Between -5% to-.1% = 1 ice between 0- 5.5% = neutral Between 5.5%-10% = 1 fire Between 10-20% = 2 fire >20%=3 fires At the state level, we simply sort the states from fastest growing to slowest within the particular career, or 1st to 50th. The fastest growth states Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers salary information by state Real salary future outlook tooltip icon The nominal salary is the unadjusted salary paid. The real salary is adjusted to consider the purchasing power by state. We multiply the nominal salary by a state purchasing parities index to indicate the relative value of salaries by state. For instance, while New York or California might pay the highest nominal salary, these states are relatively expensive and so the real value of the salary is often less than a cheaper to live in state with a lower nominal salary. future outlook tooltip icon When available we provide 2020 state level salary information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics showing 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile earnings to provide the range of salary experienced by each career. Salary data is aggregated from the actual reported income of the US labor force, and is considered the most trustworthy data source for salary information. Payscale is a salary survey service meant to provide employers and employees with salary data at local levels to benchmark and compare. While Payscale has a much smaller sample size than BLS, Payscale does update more frequently so data may be considered fresher. Payscale also indicates salaries at a wider range of roles whereas BLS sometimes aggregates numerous professions into one category which may skew salary data. For this reason, we find Payscale to be a good secondary salary indicator. All information received from payscale is via a paid API. You can read more about payscale and their data methodology here. Highest salary states Average salary New Jersey Average salary Average salary Average salary New York Average salary Average salary Average salary Last five years employment and salary future outlook tooltip icon We utilize historic annual BLS salary and total employment statistics to create a trend line which illustrates the job market over time for a particular career. Average Wage Total employment 2016: $59,680 657,690 2017: $61,050 662,390 2018: $61,380 661,330 2019: $63,150 665,280 2020: $65,540 654,900 Step-by-step guide – what do I do to begin working? Step 1: Education • Becoming a police officer does not require post-secondary education; in fact, a high school diploma is typically all the formal education that is needed. Note, while associate’s and bachelor’s degrees are not obligatory, they can provide the officer with a competitive edge compared to those who have not earned a post-secondary degree. Step 2: Entrance exam • Prior to being accepted into a police academy, potential officers are required to pass an entrance exam. Police academies have different requirements depending on location. Consequently, entrance exams can differ from one jurisdiction to the next. The written portion of the exam focuses on testing the applicant’s math, reading, language, and writing skills. Most police departments also require candidates pass a psychological, physical, and polygraph test. Step 3: Pass interview • During the oral interview, applicants are assessed on their communication skills, comprehension of the law, and their evaluation of various scenarios. This provides the opportunity for an oral review board to determine the competency and capability of the prospective officer. Step 4: Graduate from a police academy • Upon completion of the entrance exam and interview, trainees need to attend the police academy. The academy typically consists of training in first aid, emergency response, firearm usage, traffic control, and self-defense. Officers complete coursework that teaches them local and state laws, constitutional law, civil rights, and police ethics. Training can take up to 6 months and is recognized as forming the foundation to the process of becoming a police officer. Step 5: Complete field training • An important step in their professional development, field training provides new police officers with practical experience of law enforcement. In addition, police officers develop an understanding of the professional culture of the agency they work for. Field training is generally for 12-18 weeks, and in this period officers participate in active duty under the tutelage of a field training officer. Education and training Associate degree in criminal justice The majority of associate programs for criminal justice require the completion of 60-68 credits and include the following coursework: • Criminology - Provides information that focuses on the examination of psychological, sociological, and moral issues that influence criminal behavior • Criminal justice ethics - Coursework revolves around how principles of ethics and morality impact the criminal justice and court systems • Police Studies - Delves into foundational aspects of the policing system by providing an overview of law enforcement history, crime patters, and the advancement of police procedures Programs usually provide courses that focus on criminal law, law enforcement, and community relations. Outside of the core courses, students are often also provided with certification options within areas of study such as corrections or forensics. Some associate programs are offered online. Skills acquired Throughout the course of an associate program in criminal justice, students develop various essential skills such as: • problem solving • critical thinking • active listening • time management • ethical leadership 1.How long does this course take to complete? Earning an associate degree typically takes 2 years to complete. 2.Does the course need to be accredited? Selecting a program that holds regional accreditation is highly suggested, as those who decide to earn their bachelor’s degree will find the credits they earned can be transferred to a 4-year program. 3.Why would an associate degree in criminal justice help your police career? By earning an associate degree in criminal justice, police officers showcase their desire to take on more of a leadership role. With an associate degree, police officers also have a high earning potential compared to those without any post-secondary education. Bachelor’s degree in criminal justice A bachelor’s degree in criminal justice typically requires 120 credits to complete and includes the following coursework: • Criminal justice system - Focuses on an analysis of the rights of citizens and how communities play a role in reducing and preventing crime in conjunction with local law enforcement • Criminology - Provides the impact that society and social structures have on crime while learning various methods on how to reduce crime • Service learning - Details how participating in public affairs and local government can help communities limit criminal behavior • Ethical dilemmas: Examines the dilemmas currently faced by law enforcement and how ethics can aid in positive reformations • Forensic science: Explores best practices regarding handing a crime scene and evaluating evidence Skills acquired After earning a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice, graduates developed various skills that include the following: • critical thinking • personal ethics • effective leadership • effective communication • analysis of evidence/suspects/witnesses 1.How long does this course take to complete? Earning a bachelor’s degree typically takes 4 years to complete. 2.Does the course need to be accredited? It is beneficial for individuals to pursue a program that is regionally accredited, as it carries a solid academic standing and can provide better access to additional advanced degrees. 3.Why would a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice help your police career? Police officers with a bachelor’s degree have academic experience that cannot be provided solely within a police academy. As such, these officers have a higher earning potential as well as a faster and short route to various promotions. Why get a degree before starting the Police Academy? Prior to applying to a police academy, some applicants choose to earn an advanced degree. In doing so, prospective officers may increase their chance of attaining a leadership role, improving their earning potential, and expand their opportunities to pursue various positions within law enforcement: • GED: • Average salary: $57,066 • Potential position - Sergeant • Associate degree: • Average salary: $57,349 • Potential positions - Private detective; correctional officer • Bachelor’s Degree: • Salary: $57,633 • Potential positions - Lieutenant; captain • Master’s Degree: • Salary: $57,916 • Potential positions - Deputy chief/assistant chief; chief of police What can you expect to learn in the Police Academy? To be accepted into a police academy, applicants must initially pass a written exam that tests their aptitude regarding their skills in math, reading, language, and writing. They also must pass a fitness test and psychological screening. While the specifics change depending on the location of the academy, applicants are fundamentally tested on the same skills: • Must be at least 18 (21 in some states) and have earned at least a GED • Drug screening • Physical exam • running: 1.5 miles • push-ups: depends upon applicant’s age/gender (average range – 14-37) • sit-ups: depends upon applicant’s age/gender (average range – 13-37) • bench press: depends upon applicant’s body weight • vertical jump: depends upon applicant’s age/gender (average 11.5 – 21.5 inches) • agility: activities that mimic chasing a suspect • Psychological evaluation which generally includes a written exam and a session with a psychologist to assess mental stability. This can also include a polygraph test to confirm answers providing throughout the application process. • Pass licensing exam: Although each state does have its own licensing board, exam generally includes topics such as civil and criminal law, community policing, victim’s rights, and communication. Upon admission, prospective police officers are instructed both in the classroom and in the field for approximately 6-8 months of intensive training that includes the following: • Physical fitness • running • weight lifting • sit ups and push ups • calisthenics • Techniques • self defense • use of non-lethal tools • use of firearms • marksmanship • emergency vehicle operation • Coursework • role of law enforcement • law and the media • use of force • ethics • decision making Upon completion of the training, trainees can apply for full-time positions where they will participate in field training. Field training Within the police academy individuals are trained in a controlled environment, with field training encompassing actual field work that takes place in the real world where each action has a consequence. The recruit is assigned to an experienced police officer who guides them through their field training for around 12-18 weeks. The field training officer’s evaluation at the end of this period determines if the rookie is ready for independent work or if remediation is needed. alt"light-bulb-1" Did you know? Law and Order: Special Victims Unit is the second longest running TV series after the Simpsons. What are the differences between a police officer, detective, SWAT team member, and sheriff? Within law enforcement, they are various positions that provide a range of opportunities within the law enforcement field. Although many of the positions are fundamentally similar, the roles within law enforcement can include a wide-range of responsibilities and require specific academic and professional backgrounds. Police officerDetectiveSWATSherriff What do they do?Enforce the laws, patrol for crime, respond to emergenciesInvestigate crimes where suspects are unknown or at-large Involved in high-risk situations that revolve around hostages, terrorists, and other intense threats Operate county jails and oversees corrections Where do they work?At the city, county, state, or federal level Police departments or privately Large, urban police forces; sheriffs’ departments; state-level law enforcement agenciesCounty level How many years of on-the-job experience is needed? 12-18 weeks 4-6 years 2 years as a police officer 5 years How does pay compare?National Average: $54,461National Average: $63,620National Average: $61,042National Average: $47,144 What level of education is needed?High school diploma; GEDAssociate’s or bachelor’s degree High school diploma; GED High school diploma; GED Where do police officers work? IndustryEmployment (1)Percent of industry employmentHourly mean wageAnnual mean wage (2) Local Government, excluding schools and hospitals (OEWS Designation)554,77010.27$ 33.63$ 69,940 State Government, excluding schools and hospitals (OEWS Designation)60,2202.74$ 37.13$ 77,230 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools14,9600.49$ 28.75$ 59,790 Federal Executive Branch (OEWS Designation)12,6600.61$ 29.83$ 62,050 Elementary and Secondary Schools6,2100.08$ 28.30$ 58,860 Common police officer lingo • B&E. Breaking and entering • ADW. Assault with a deadly weapon • DIP. Drunk in public refers to an incident wherein an intoxicated individual • GTA. Grand theft auto • PC. Probable cause • GSR. Gunshot residue alt"light-bulb-1" Did you know: Shaquille O’Neal is a deputy marshal in Louisiana, a reserve officer in Florida, and a sheriff's deputy in Georgia. Most recently he has sworn in as a Community Relations Director for the Georgia Sheriff’s Office. What tools and technologies do police officers use? Bulletproof vest Protects officers from gunshot wounds to the chest and is worn when they are on active patrol or in a high-stakes situation. Surveillance technology that provides police departments with the ability to provide aerial images to monitor and/or track criminal behavior. Mace or pepper spray Aerosol containing chemicals that when sprayed can cause burning, tears, and pain when sprayed in someone’s face. Pepper spray is typically used as self-defense or in a scenario where lethal measures are not warranted to hinder illegal actions. Causes an electrical current to surge through an individual, often leading to incapacitation. Officers use TASER guns as a non-lethal measure to disable an individual who is committing a dangerous or illegal act. Restrains suspected criminals so they cannot escape custody. Handcuffs are typically used at the scene of the alleged crime as well as in areas where the arrested individual might be a danger to others. Additional career progression Police detective / SWAT officer / K9 officer (lateral movement) • Step 1: Earn a degree in criminal justice, criminology, or another related position • Step 2: Enroll in a police academy • Step 3: Complete field training • Step 4: Focus on gaining experience in the desired position as a police officer (1-3 years) • Step 5: Take the appropriate certification exam • Step 6: Fulfill local certification requirements if necessary • Step 2: Enroll in a police academy • Step 3: Complete field training • Step 4: Work as a police officer for 5-10 years Lieutenant / captain • Step 2: Enroll in a police academy • Step 3: Complete field training • Step 5: Apply for promotion after 1-2 years Majors, lieutenant colonels, commanders, assistant chiefs • Step 2: Enroll in a police academy • Step 3: Complete field training • Step 4: Work as a police officer for 5-7 years • Step 5: Consider completing a master’s program in criminal justice • Step 6: Apply for promotion after 1-2 years Police chief • Step 2: Enroll in a police academy • Step 3: Complete field training • Step 4: Work as a police officer for 5-7 years with 3 years in police administration • Step 5: Complete master’s program in criminal justice • Step 6: Earn certification in law enforcement training International Association of Chiefs of Police IACP is one of the world’s largest professional groups for police leaders. They provide various conferences and training programs that help police officers advance within their careers. National Association of Field Training Officers Provides information and training programs for field training officers. National Police Association Non-profit organization that provides education and support as a means of helping police departments while providing information regarding police work to local communities.
Dark Skin: Protected or not from the sun? Dark skin tones: protected or not from the sun? black and white image of women in the sunlight Dr Des Fernandes, Environ Founder and Scientific Director, answers some burning questions about sun protection for darker skin tones. Some of the scientific facts about the risk of sun damage might be surprising but knowing the truth will help everyone stay safer in the sun. Because we believe beautiful skin should be for everyone. For Life. How are skin colours scientifically classified according to the Fitzpatrick Skin Photo-Typing Scale? skin colours scientific classification infographic What are the effects of sun exposure on unprotected darker skin photo-types? The most important problem faced by many people with darker skin is the development of pigmentation, dark patches and uneven skin tone, especially on the face. Lighter skin tones tend to experience fine lines and wrinkles as signs of photo-ageing. It is less common for darker skin photo-types to develop skin cancers, but it is very serious when it does happen because skin abnormalities often go unrecognised until in an advanced stage. In paler skins, melanomas are easier to spot and the likelihood of saving patients presenting earlier is about 90%, whereas amongst darker skin tones, the survival rate after developing a melanoma is about half that. One surprising discovery was that while melanin protects us from UV damage, when melanin itself is damaged by UV light it becomes quite a potent destructive agent against DNA and this can promote the development of cancer, especially melanoma. While melanoma is uncommon in darker skins, when it happens, it is much more deadly. What SPF should darker skin photo-types use? It’s simple: my philosophy is less, more, more often: a lower SPF 15 - 20, applied every 1.5 - 2 hours is scientifically proven to be safe and effective to protect all skin photo-types from the ravages of sun damage. One must remember that darker skins have slightly more natural resistance to UVB (sunburn). But, 95% of the radiation we’re exposed to daily is UVA which can penetrate to the deeper layers of the skin. Increased melanin in skin does not mean that darker skin is totally protected from UVA. UVA can cause significant damage to the skin by creating free radicals, which is why it is so important to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with additional antioxidants – these are free radical scavengers. Does infrared radiation affect darker skin photo-types? Yes. Unfortunately, darker skins may absorb more infrared (IR) radiation and this can increase the heat responses in the skin. New scientific research shows one third of infrared radiation can penetrate the deepest layers of the skin and may increase the risk of pigmentation and even cancer. I recommend darker skin photo-types to use a daily sunscreen that offers broad-spectrum UVA and UVB as well as infrared protection. Why does sunscreen look ashy on darker skin tones? The unattractive ashy “ghost like” appearance on darker skins comes from physical sunscreens containing minerals that are generally not ground to the absolute finest level possible. These mineral sunscreens are called inorganic sunscreens. Environ’s new RAD SHIELD® Mineral Sunscreen was specifically formulated with new generation zinc and titanium minerals to offer a light-weight, transparent protective shield, with no residual ashy appearance. Any other advice for dark skins? The need for daily sun protection cannot be over emphasised. UV radiation destroys the naturally found vitamin A and essential nutrients in the skin, even on a cloudy day. These vital skin ingredients need to be replenished every day to keep skin healthy-looking and resilient. Environ’s vitamin A Essential Care ranges are based on the industry-leading Vitamin STEP-UP SYSTEM® which enables skin to become gradually more comfortable with increased levels of vitamins A and C. You can’t hide from the sun, but you can reduce its effects. Find out more about what does vitamin A does for your skin. Find out more about the Skin EssentiA® Range here. Find out more about Environ’s Even More Sun Care+ Range. Incorrect serial number please resubmit your details. It appears your device is already registered. Please Wait This may take a few minutes as we confirm your details. Please confirm the following email addresses: Pin It on Pinterest error: This content is protected.
The art of gem cutting (glyptics in Greek) is one of the oldest testimonies to how installed, fascinating miniatures can transform gemstones into tiny works of art with immense charisma and magical significane. Decoration, symbols and magic formulae that still fascinate and have given gemstone engraving a special place in the cultural history of mankind. Gemstone Engraving Gem workshop according to Diderot d’Alambert 1868 Work of Eudoros?, cameo, sardonyx, 2.9 x 2.3 x 0.5 cm. “Flavia Domitilla”, end of 1st c. AD. The Leo Merz Foundation, Bern The roots of glyptics are found in the 7th millennium BC. The Babylonians initially used soft stones such as serpentine, steatite, lapis lazuli or turquoise, as naxium, a corundum material from the Island of Naxos can be used to make markings in it. Bearing signs and symbols, the stones soon became popular amulets. Babylonians soon developed the cylindrical form, which soon produced the rolling stamp, which was used to document events of considerable significance. According to a report by Herodot, every Babylonian wore a signet ring or a rolling stamp around their necks. Indeed, many of them have been preserved. The Anthropological Museum in Berlin contains mummies with signet rings still on their fingers. These rings with their symbols cut deep into the stones have been used as stamps for documents and to mark possessions right up into modern times. Their impression made documents legally binding and upheld ownership. Cameo, sardonyx, 3.5 x 2.3 x 1 cm. “Augustus” (fragment), around 25 AD. The Leo Merz Foundation, Bern, previously Collection of the Prince of Fürstenberg Signet cutter drilling a cylinder seal. Egyptian relief from the grave of Ti in Sakkara The use of gun drills and wheel technology soon enabled the processing of harder gemstones such as ruby, sapphire or quartz and enabled the production of more demanding images. Two thousand years BC was a golden age in this respect. The rather stylized portrayals of heroes fighting animals, frightful gods and sacrificing people up until then became more realistic. When gemstone engraving was then absorbed into Minoic-Mycenaean and later on in the Hellenic culture, new wind was breathed into this old oriental tradition. The artistically designed plants and animals exude joie de vivre and naturalness. The absolutely refined, miniature figures reflect the Greek ideal image of mankind. Aphrodite and Eros or the Goddess of Victory Nike are found as favorite motifs of the engravers of this age along with the graceful depiction of the female form. Ganoksin is sponsored by Cameo, sardonyx, 3.5 x 36.5 x 1.4 cm. “Head of Aphrodite”, end of 1st c. BC. The Leo Merz Foundation, Bern previously collection of the Dukes of Marlborough Giovanni Pichler, cameo, sardonyx, “Salus and Abundantia at the Altar”, around 1780. The Leo Merz Foundation, Bern, previously Collection of the Vatican The royal workshops at the court of the Ptolemaic Kings in Egypt developed a new stone cutting technology in the 3rd century BC. Magnificent cameos, designed for the first time as relief, were created in Sardonix in India. Since then, experts have made a distinction between cameos (raised) and intaglios (sunk), whereas there is not always a correct distinction made between cameos and gems. In order to strengthen their power at home, Roman Emperors commissioned Greek stone cutters with the production of valuable cameos in their image. Dioskurides, the Greek royal cutter at the court of Emperor Augustus, processed the Arabian sardonix, the stone of preference, used to make classic examples of antique stone cutting, with great artistic skill. The next stage involved cameos in several layers such as the Gemma Claudia, the Lion Cameo (now found in the Museum of Art History in Vienna), whereby the multiple colors were used to create charming nuances of shade. Intaglio, Nicolo, aprox. 3.5 x 2.5 x 4.3 cm. “Caracalla as Hercules”, 205 – 208 AD. The Leo Merz Foundation, Bern, previously Collection of the prince of Fürsenberg Cylinder seat, stamp and scarabaeus The depictions on gems and cameos were cut into the stone using extremely fine drills and a crystal magnifying glass. The first “forgeries”, gemstones made of glass paste, also emerged in Ancient Greece and Rome. They were used in particular for precious golden jewelry or rings and pendants, perhaps because their usually blue/white or blue/black colors offered a strong contrast to the gold. Magic gemstones played a very large role; they were produced in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD as intaglio. They were small, powerful gemstones and jewelry stones with engraved pictures and inscriptions, which people wore as medallions, ring stones or sewn into bags. This form of amulet has fascinated people from ancient times into the middle ages, the Renaissance and even until today. Indeed, the world of science is increasingly interested in them. Ganoksin is sponsored by Ida and August Purper, builder of the villa from the late 19th century, which now houses the German Gemstone Museum Idar-Oberdstein. Gems from the “Idarer Caméen Era”, favorite jewelry of I. Purper, 1847-1937 “Life is but a short dream”, a masterpiece by the French stone engraver George Le Maire, Bailey, 1853-1914 In the middle ages, antique gemstones were used for precious book covers, shrines, crucifixes and church objects, diadems and crowns. Apart from some work in the Carolingian and Staufer Ages, some gems were manufactured in mountain crystal from Burgundy. The golden age of gemstone rediscovery took place in the Italian renaissance above all. It took Ancient Greece as its role model. Indeed, it intended to be more than simply a copy, and in fact preservation and development of their spirit. The major centers were Florence, Rome and Venice, which was the starting point for diamond engraving, from where it spread to the Netherlands. Giovanni Calandrelli Intaglio, carneol, 5.5 x 6.5 cm, set in gold. “Nereus and Herakles”, around 1810. The Leo Merz Foundation, Bern, previously Collection of Prince Poniatowsky Flat relief by August Rudolf Wild, Idar, Grand Prix at the Parisian World Fair 1937 Small cameo portraits according to ancient sources were popular in the 18th and 19h centuries. They were expensively made and used as inlays, for example on the lids of small boxes or as paperweights. Cameos made of mussels and lava were fashionable in Italy during the 18th century. Von Heck, one of the most avid gemstone artists in the middle of the 18th century, made an intaglio of Goethe, who himself became one of the most passionate collectors of engravings, oats of arms and monograms. This field of art experienced a golden age in the 19th century. Squid intaglio, engraved in rutile quartz Examples of the Wild Life Collection, citrine with various animal fur patterns Today’s main center of gemstone engraving, Idar-Oberstein, is closely linked to Paris. Young artists from ldar-Oberstein traveled to the Seine metropolis since the eighteen forties, and had made a good name for themselves as engravers. They were expelled from France as a result of the 1870/71 war, and they founded the still undisputedly most important modern center of gemstone engraving in their home town of Idar-Oberstein. Ganoksin is sponsored by Hans Ulrich Pauly has offered almost all his apprentices a job once they had completed their training, and he is particularly proud of the awards that two of his former students won as National Champions in 1998 and 2000. “I see my work as a form of connection between centuries of old, masterful tradition and the challenge to tease innovative impulses from the old art and to create a modern language of forms”, says Hans Ulrich Pauly, who is convinced that the profession of gemstone engraver has a future, as long as one knows how to use the old techniques in a modern manner. “Engravers will only be in demand if they have unusual ideas and understand how to combine old quality with modern design and marketing”. Pauly himself has already organized several design competitions for modern engraving, thus mirroring the considerable innovative potential in the small industry. His own imagination also seems boundless; he is constantly trying out new methods and forms, and draws inspiration from the unique character of each individual gemstone. International jewelry companies such as Boucheron or Victor Mayer appreciate the modern interpretation of the old craft, which the Idar Oberstein-based artist commands perfectly. Lion’s head made of petrified palm wood, eyes and nose inlaid Portrait of Salvador Dali in 3-layered agate The profession and requirements for gemstone engravers: An apprenticeship as gemstone engraver lasts 3 years and combines work in the studio (practical work) as well as college courses (specialist and business knowledge). Requirements: talent for drawing, spatial awareness, good concentration, good vision. According to the Trade Guild of Gemstone Engravers, there are approx. 25 crafts firms in Germany that process gemstones. An estimated 80 – 100 German gemstone engravers work in their professions (some until a very old age). Specifically American customers and customers from Arab countries appreciate expansive gemstone engravings. Jewelry with modern gems is very popular in these countries. Ganoksin is sponsored by “Op-Art” in mountain crystal and onyx, developed by Carlo Wild – one of the National Champions winner Sun Temple, citrine light object with 7-times mirroring
snapAG is a series of resources created by Agriculture in the Classroom Canada. These short, infographic style documents invite students and teachers alike to explore the hot topics affecting the agriculture industry today. Topics range from organics, biotechnology, GMOs, livestock, and more! bee on canola Organic and Synthetic Pesticides Prevention is the first line of defence on both organic and conventional farms. However, when pest problems persist; pesticides are an important tool for protecting crops and ultimately our food supply. fruit pests Organic Pest Management sandwich meat Food Additives Humans have been adding substances to food for thousands of years to make food last longer or improve taste. Historians have found records indicating salt was used to preserve meat as early as 3000 BC! milk products Milk Pasteurization Pasteurization makes milk safe by heating it to a high temperature then cooling it rapidly. This process destroys any pathogens in milk while maintaining its nutritional value. Back to Top
Tuesday, October 26, 2021 The long trek for water in Kedah interior In Baling, a rural district in Kedah bordering Perak and Thailand, pipe water is patchy at best, and many residents are forced to depend on rivers for their water supply. Other News Water woes are nothing new for many who live there, like Rahimah Yaakub, who carefully descends a makeshift stairway leading to the shallow river behind her house in order to collect some water. With no steady water supply in her village, Mak Sue from Kampung Bukit Sebelah also heads to the river in order to wash her clothes. Once she finishes her laundry, she heads back to her house with her wet clothes in one pail and some water in another. The alternative to hauling river water in buckets is to set up a pipeline which, with the help of a machine, carries water to individual homes in the village. Shafie Saad, 74, checks the area around his pipeline after realigning it to reach across the dried-up banks and to the water beyond. In addition to carrying much-needed water to their homes, these pipelines keep the villagers’ vegetable gardens green and thriving. Even pots and dishes must sometimes be carried to the river for washing as water supply to the villages in Baling is unreliable. But the villagers cannot always depend on the rivers for water as logging activities in the district often cause pollution. They also damage the forest ecosystem, causing streams to dry up when disturbed earth is carried to the rivers during the rainy season. The lack of stable water supply also causes problems for shops such as Warung Kak Pah in Kampung Iboi. Here, food sellers complain of daily water cuts from 2pm until midnight. Zaini Harun, who works at Warung Kak Pah, must scramble to ensure enough water is on hand just to wash her plates. Every house in Kampung Iboi has two taps: one from state water utility company Syarikat Air Darul Aman and the other from the local committee which manages the villagers’ own pipelines from a former hydrolics dam owned by Tenaga Nasional Bhd. Sometimes, the local pipelines are damaged. Mokhtar Mohd Piah, 57, carries a roll of rubber hose to mend some of the problem spots in Kampung Iboi. He then gets to work fixing any spoilt pipes or water pumps. Members of the local water committee make regular trips through the forest to clean the former dam from which villagers get their water. Each trip takes about 20 minutes by motorcycle, and is far from an easy ride. When they get there, they buckle down for some hard work. They make these trips twice a week in order to ensure that their village receives as clean a supply of water as possible. They clean out any leaves floating on the water before releasing the collected water. Often this involves wading to the water catchment point to ensure that their makeshift filter is not clogged up by leaves or branches. They also make sure that the waterway from the river to the dam is clear. It’s also important to check the main pipes at the water storage shed about 1km away from the dam itself. Villagers in Baling also face a myriad of other problems brought on by illegal exploration activities, which threaten even their limestone hills. Dust from the explosives used to tunnel through the hills can be blown over a 3km radius, putting the health of many villagers at stake and polluting the rivers on which they depend for water. Villagers at Padang Che Mas, near Gunung Pulai, are worried about a new quarry project which they say was approved despite the area being gazetted as a forest reserve. Two of them walk past the equipment they say is used to drill holes through the limestone hills in which explosives are placed. They survey the damage done to the hills above their village. Some of the holes drilled into the hills are nearly wide enough for a man to fit through. They are worried about their forest, which they fear will not survive the onslaught of development. Subscribe to our newsletter To be updated with all the latest news and analyses. Related Articles
Week Development of Twin Pregnancy (with Pictures) Fraternal twins that are not identical are the most common type of twins. They are also known as dizygotic twins. What this means is that each twin forms from an individual fertilized egg. By the third week of pregnancy, each fertilized egg forms into a ball of hundreds of cells and becomes known as a blastocyst. At this time, the newly formed embryo burrows into the lining of the uterus to be nourished and develop into babies. Identical twins are a rare form of twin and develop from the same fertilized egg that splits into two babies. They will go on in pregnancy to share the same placenta and look exactly alike after they are born. Important notes: Every pregnancy is different and this article about "twin pregnancy week by week" is only a rough idea of fetal development. Twin Pregnancy Week by Week: First Trimester Fraternal Twins: Two fertilized eggs (zygotes) burrow in the lining of the uterus. They each have their own placenta and umbilical cord. They can be two males, two females or one of each. Identical Twins: One egg has split into two babies and they are always either two girls or two boys. They have burrowed into the lining of the uterus and share the same placenta, same amniotic sac, but each has their own umbilical cord. 4 Weeks The Nervous System: At this stage of pregnancy, your baby’s neural tube is forming. This will turn into the brain, spinal cord and nervous system. The Circulatory System: Tiny blood vessels are beginning to form and beginning to circulate nutrients between you and your baby. Their tiny hearts are already beating! All the major organs are beginning to form including the intestines and the tiny buds which will develop into arms and legs. They are about the size of small seeds at this stage and they have tiny depressions where the mouth, nose and ears will soon appear. 8 Weeks Organ Development: Twins’ hearts are beating at about 150 beats per minute and have two chambers already developed. The teeth, ears, brains and liver have formed and are continuing to develop into sophisticated organs. On the outside, their skin is very translucent and can be seen through. The tiny toes and fingers are beginning to separate. At this time, their eyelids are forming over the eyes. 12 Weeks Organ Development: The livers are beginning to function and their kidneys now produce urine. The babies take in the amniotic fluid by mouth and the kidneys then change it to urine. This is actually a healthy process that helps with development. Because their brains continue to form and develop, the nervous system can now produce reflexes in the muscles, but you may not feel any kicks yet. The eyes are moving to the front of their faces and the ears are moving to the sides. Size: Your twins are getting big! They are about 2.1 inches long. Twin Pregnancy Week by Week: Second Trimester 16 Weeks Size: This is a very rapid period of development. Your twins are almost 4 inches long. As a matter of fact, their bodies are growing faster than their heads and their legs growing faster than their arms. These little ones now only weigh 100 grams or two-tenths of one pound. Organ Development: Their lungs begin to move in and out as if they are breathing. Female twins begin to produce eggs in their ovaries. At this time the spinal cord becomes covered with the myelin sheath to protect it. The bones are very soft and rubbery (cartilage). They can bend at the joints and the fingernails are forming at this time. 20 Weeks The Nervous System: This is a big time for your twin’s nervous system. Nerve fibers are beginning to connect and they are developing their senses of smell, taste, touch, hearing and vision. Your babies will know your smell right at birth. Size: Your babies are now about 10 inches long each from head to toe. With twins, it starts getting a little crowded because they have grown so much and you may begin to feel lots of pushes and shoves. Organ Development: During this time, your babies will have a very thick coating to protect their skin called vernix caseosa. This protects them from this long time immersed in the amniotic fluid and can also protect them from infections that can be passed at birth. 24 Weeks Organ Development: Even though your babies do not have an eye color yet, their eyes are fully formed now. They even have tiny little eyelids and eyebrows. The endocrine system is now starting to mature and getting ready to produce hormones that will regulate their body functions. Their lungs are still developing and can move in and out developing the breathing muscles. However, babies born at this age usually cannot breathe on their own. Twin Pregnancy Week by Week: Third Trimester 28 Weeks Size: Twins at this stage already weight about 2 pounds each and are about 15 inches long. They are beginning to deposit layers of fat and their bones are beginning to harden. Organ Development: Your twins are developing large amounts of brain tissue during this period. Their hearing is becoming more tuned and they can hear your voice. They can also see bright lights that shine on your belly and will turn their heads toward the light. Sexual organs develop. Boys testicles descend and girls develop their clitoris. 32 Weeks Size: Twins during this time period begin to look more like newborns. They are about 16 inches long and weigh about 3.7 pounds. Twins tend to settle down at this time because there isn’t much room to move around. Organ Development: Your twins may or may not have hair yet. Their kidneys are producing urine as they take in amniotic fluid and urinate. Their skin is filling out with fat and they are losing their wrinkled appearance. All of the bones in their body continue to become solid, except for their skull bones that remain soft to go through the birth canal. 36 Weeks Size: Twins on average tend to be slightly smaller than single full-term infants, but not always. At this stage, twins grow to about 5.5 pounds, but can be up to 8.0 pounds. They are about 20 inches long, more or less at birth. Organ Development: The skin is beginning to shed the covering (vernix caseosa) and prepares for the outside world. The organs are now mature and ready for the babies to be born, with the exception of the lungs which need this final four weeks to finish maturing. In some cases, twins are born early so doctors have treatments to help the lungs mature faster.
Learn to code for data analysis Learn to code for data analysis Free course Learn to code for data analysis 1.6 Calculations over columns The last remaining task is to calculate the death rate of each country. You may recall that with the simple approach I’d have to write: rateAngola = deathsInAngola * 100 / populationOfAngola rateBrazil = deathsInBrazil * 100 / populationOfBrazil and so on, and so on. If you’ve used spreadsheets, it’s the same process: create the formula for the first row and then copy it down for all the rows. This is laborious and error-prone, e.g. if rows are added later on. Given that data is organised by columns, wouldn’t it be nice to simply write the following? rateColumn = deathsColumn * 100 / populationColumn Say no more: your wish is pandas’s command. In []: deathsColumn = data['TB deaths'] populationColumn = data['Population (1000s)'] rateColumn = deathsColumn * 100 / populationColumn 0 32.134873 1 2.196025 2 2.942576 3 8.850727 4 70.422535 5 19.167186 6 69.675621 7 1.319759 8 11.901928 9 9.326425 10 47.370017 11 87.378641 dtype: float64 Tadaaa! With pandas, the arithmetic operators become much smarter. When adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing columns, the computer understands that the operation is to be done row by row and creates a new column. All well and nice, but how to put that new column into the dataframe, in order to have everything in a single table? In an assignment variable = expression , if the variable hasn’t been mentioned before, the computer creates the variable and stores in it the expression’s value. Likewise, if I assign to a column that doesn’t exist in the dataframe, the computer will create it. In []: data['TB deaths (per 100,000)'] = rateColumn CountryPopulation (1000s)TB deathsTB deaths (per 100,000) 3Equatorial Guinea757678.850727 8Russian Federation1428341700011.901928 9Sao Tome and Principe193189.326425 10South Africa527762500047.370017 That’s it! I’ve written all the code needed to answer the questions I had. Next I’ll write up the analysis into a succinct and stand-alone notebook that can be shared with friends, family and colleagues or the whole world. You’ll find that in the next section. Take your learning further Request an Open University prospectus371
Surprising Foods that are Actually Good for Your Teeth Surprising Foods that are Actually Good for Your Teeth Everyone has heard of the foods that are bad to your tooth health. Sugary foods and acidic foods are on top of the list of foods to avoid. But instead of thinking negatively about foods, think positively. What foods are good for your teeth? Do any certain foods increase your dental health? Here are some food items that are not only tasty but improve your dental health too. Salmon has a ton of Omega fatty acids, so it’s good for your body in general. But did you know it’s also good for your teeth, too? Salmon contains a significant level of vitamin D and calcium as well as those wonderful omega fatty acids. To have healthy teeth, you also need regular servings of vitamin D and calcium to keep your teeth healthy. “ Celery is a treat for your teeth and gums because chewing the celery stalk gives your teeth a good workout. Because you have to chew celery stalks quite a bit before you can swallow them, your mouth produces plenty of saliva. ” The calcium strengthens bones and teeth. And vitamin D enables the body to absorb the calcium you ingest adequately. So, adding a regular serving of salmon to your diet will benefit your overall body health. “I totally trusted Teresa and Dr. Suthar to remove and replace my ancient and cracked fillings. They delivered! The entire procedure was quick and painless.” Kathy C. Meeting the new Dentist with my latest appointment and she is super nice and friendly and a lot like the other dentist. Wonderful choice to the existing staff. My experience at Reflections Dental is always a good one. The staff is friendly and helpful and treats the customers well. My tech explains everything she is going to do before she does it and I really appreciate that. They take good care of my teeth! Thank you ladies… Deborah G.
Creating Forms «Prev Copying formatting in Access Once a control is formatted, you do not have to repeat that formatting for other controls that you want formatted the same way. Instead you can use the Format Painter button to copy the formatting: 1. Select and format the control. 2. Click the Format Painter button Format Painter button Format Painter button once if you are copying the format to one control (double-click if you are copying to multiple controls). 3. Click the control(s) to which you want to copy the format. If you double-clicked the Format Painter, click it again now to turn it off. If you single clicked, it turns off automatically.
Growing Plants Under Glass Nathaniel Ward was an Englishman who loved to observe the behavior of insects and was fond of enclosing them in glass jars. Once, he forgot about one of his jars and, when he noticed it again, a fern had begun to grow in it. Somehow, unawares, a spore from a fern had found its way into the jar before it was sealed. This event occurred in 1842 and when word got out about it, Victorian England became obsessed with growing plants enclosed in glass, dubbing the container in question a “Wardian case.” Ward began to construct elaborate glass boxes to contain his plants. Protected on all sides by clear glass panels, he shipped plants to Australia where, after several months, they arrived in prime condition. By return ship, his boxes were filled with tropical Australian plants which arrived in London also without blemish. The idea that plants could thrive in sealed glass containers without ventilation was an astonishing discovery. We have since learned that plants do require oxygen at the cellular level. However, this essential oxygen is produced by plants themselves as a byproduct of photosynthesis. (As you probably know, if it were not for plants, we could not breathe since atmospheric oxygen is produced entirely by plants. However, as you may not know, the vast majority of that oxygen comes from unicellular oceanic organisms known as phytoplankton. Although microscopic, these organisms, during what is known as ocean bloom, combine together to form layers of green or turquoise slime that may cover hundreds of square miles. Although each phytoplankton lives for only a few days, long-lasting blooms of these rapidly replicating micro-organisms will endure for several months at a time.) Today, those glassy Wardian cases are known as terraria (plural of terrarium). A terrarium may be open or closed, depending on the species being grown. Closed terraria are meant for tropical species such as orchids, ferns, tillandsias, and mosses. The moisture inside is recirculated, condensing on the roof and sides of the terrarium, falling down in droplets, and then condensing again, keeping the humidity, upon which tropicals depend, at a high level. Still, you will want to remove the top of your terrarium once a week to allow excess moisture to escape since continually wet surfaces could lead to moldy growth. By the same token, lack of condensation or wilted plants are a sign that you need to add water to the soil. Ideally, the soil itself should be sterile, consisting of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite, in order to minimize the possibility of growth on the part of pathogenic fungi or bacteria. An open terrarium, on the other hand, provides an excellent microclimate for succulents and cacti, where excess moisture cannot accumulate. A terrarium is but one example of a vivarium, the generic term for a containerized mini-ecosystem in which plants, animals, or a combination of them can grow. Under the vivarium rubric, you will find aquarium, riparium, and paludarium. While an aquarium is favored by fish lovers, a variety of plants can grow in them, too, providing a source of oxygen for the fish. The problem here is that plants that grow submerged in water have uniformly green foliage, making their visual presence rather predictable. A riparium, on the other hand, mimics conditions on the edge of a lake, pond, or stream. A riparium is a watery abode for fish and submerged plants, but land plants whose roots are unphased by constant moisture grow there, too. Colorful plants such as Coleus and Alternantheras that root easily in water grow in a riparium as long as their foliage can be supported so it remains above water. You can even bring in a water lily or two, and the foliage of many indoor plants — such as pothos, arrowhead plant (Syngonium), and spiderwort (Tradescantia) — will flourish when their roots are bathed in water. Tip of the Week: A paludarium (palus = swamp, arium = enclosed container) is the most challenging but potentially rewarding environment for the indoor naturalist. You will still have an aqueous bottom for your fish but the water will also be a place where turtles and frogs can play. There will be rocks and pieces of driftwood sticking up above the water on which the turtles and frogs can sun themselves and upon which the sort of riparium plants mentioned above would also find support. Elaborate paludaria keepers do not stop at fish and amphibians, but may even add a bird or two to complete a trifecta menagerie where water, land, and air serve as the habitat for creatures appropriate to each, complimented by colorful swamp-loving and tropical flora of all kinds. Leave a Reply
Razor and Blade Business Model-How Does It Work? The ‘Razor and Blade’ business model gets its name from the famous Gillette company. The business model, while original theirs, is prevalent across many industries. It is usually the best for companies that offer two products or services. Razor and Blade Business Model Razor and Blade Business Model What is the Razor and Blade business model? The razor and blade business model are for companies that sell two products or services that are complementary and interdependent. In the equation, one product or service is the razor, while the other is the blade. The razor is a product that needs the blade product to function. However, the blade is a disposable product that customers must renew regularly. Therefore, the company sells its razor product for lower prices while generating its primary revenues from the blade product. The business model comes from Gillette, which sold two products, a razor, and a blade. The company realized that a disposable razor blade is not convenient. Therefore, it started selling solid razors while keeping the prices substantially low. Instead, the company earned its income through its blades. The decrease in the prices of razors increases the demand for the blade product. In today’s modern world, most companies use a combination of two interdependent products to create the same effect. The model is popular among various companies who use it as a way to generate earnings. While they don’t use a similar strategy, companies have started varying the business model to their own advantage. Some companies offer various razors or blades to sweeten the deal for customers. Check BoxyCharm Business Model - How Does BoxyCharm Make Money? How does the Razor and Blade business model work? The razor and blade business model come from companies that manufacture products or provide services that go together. A company that utilizes this model decreases the price of one of its products, which is often the primary product that depends on the other function. For the other product, the company makes a decent margin to cover the razor product’s lower prices. The razor product in this business model is usually a product or service that is solid or fixed. Customers need to invest in it for one time and keep using it for a long time. However, the razor does not function without the blade. Therefore, the company understands that the primary profits lie in the blade and not the razor. The bladed product in this business model, as mentioned, is the primary source of revenue for the company. A company selling its razor product relies on the blade to generate earnings. Therefore, most companies keep their razor and blade products separate to benefit in the long-term. Through their blade products, companies can establish a steady and stable source of income. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Razor and Blade business model? The razor and blade business model can be both beneficial and disadvantageous for companies. Some of its main advantages and disadvantages consist of the following. Companies can generate a steady and stable source of income through their blade products. They don’t get limited to offering their razor products only. Therefore, these companies may make more money as compared to if they only sold their razor products. Check One for One Business Model-How Does It Work? The business model also works for almost any industry. Therefore, any company that offers complementary products can use this. The freemium business model is a variation of the razor and blade business model. For customers, the razor and blade business model are also beneficial. They don’t have to pay a high premium on razor products, which are generally more expensive. Instead, they can purchase a product one-time and continue using it by renewing the blade product. Companies the utilize this business model face the threat of competition, especially for their supplementary blade products. Since the companies rely on their blade products to generate earnings, it can’t be profitable if a competitor takes over the same market. Companies may use patents or trademarks to limit the competition. However, for established markets, competition can be vital. Customers can also face a threat from companies that have a monopoly in these markets. Some companies have exploitted customers into paying more than the premium prices for their products. Since customers purchase the razor product, they are held captive to using overpriced blade products as well. The best modern-day example of a company using the razor and blade business model is HP. The company sells printers for a relatively low price. However, it makes money from selling customers ink and cartridge for its printers, the blade product. Other companies that use the business model are Epson, EA, Sony (PlayStation), Microsoft (Xbox), etc. The razor and blade business model are for companies that use complementary products that depend on each other. These companies sell their primary product for inexpensive prices, known as the razor. However, they still profit from their blade products, which the razor products need to function. Check Freemium Business Model-How Does It Work? Scroll to Top
Turpentine has been used as a solvent for paints and varnishes and as a paint thinner. Turpentine also has a host of other uses, such as furniture wax when mixed with beeswax. Turpentine historically also has served many medical uses. You can read about those here. Turpentine can be used to clean oil or paint from fabric, an ingredient for ink, a lubricant when drilling glass, cleaner for firearms, can be used to dissolve rubber, used as a fuel for lamps, flea repellent or as a disinfectant. How to Make Turpentine: Turpentine is distilled from pine resin. Different species of pine, spruce and fir can be used as sources of pine sap. Traditionally longleaf pine and slash pine were used when pine sap was collected commercially for turpentine production in years past. This resin is collected from pine trees by either cutting the pine tree or simply collecting the sap that you can find on pine trees that have already been damaged. turpentine uses home This can be from where insects have eaten into the tree or where a limb has broken off or where the tree is damaged by a canker. The solid material left behind after distillation is known as rosin. Both turpentine and rosin are useful. I will only be discussing turpentine here, however. If you are interested in using the rosin, then you want only pure, clean sap. If there is debris in your sap, then you will need to heat the sap and strain out the contaminants. To make turpentine will need a simple distillation system. This can be nothing more than a small can with a top. Connect a pipe or metal tubing to the can. A perfect seal is not necessary, but of course it will be more efficient if it is properly sealed. As you heat the pine sap you will melt the sap and vapors will begin to outgas from the sap. These vapors will travel down the pipe and must be cooled before escaping the pipe. Cooling the vapors condenses them into a liquid. This liquid is the turpentine that you seek. The turpentine is simply collected in a jar at the end of the pipe or tubing. Running water over the pipe or tubing will cool it down and condense the vapors into a liquid. Cool the pipe as you heat the sap. The vapors will condense in the pipe which you can collect as a liquid in a jar. Rosin is what is left behind in the distilling pot. Back To Survival Substances. Cooking Gear Survival Books. My Patriot Supply Survival Gear.A friend of mine shared a parasite and candida cure that comes from pine tree sap. This information has been around for years but I have never heard of it before. I think this is valuable and helpful health information that everyone should know about so I am sharing it for those who may not have heard of it. I have been using the cure for three weeks, and it is the best cleanse I have ever experienced. I will briefly tell you the story of Dr. Jennifer Daniels turpentine cure discovery and share some helpful links. Jennifer Daniels turpentine story began as a young black girl raised in a poor neighborhood in New York. She desired to become a doctor and someday return to her struggling neighborhood to help her family and friends. She graduated from Harvard and successfully completed medical school. At last, she was able to fulfill her dream of setting up a family practice in her childhood neighborhood. She began to apply the knowledge she was taught in medical school, but the majority of those methods were not working. She was determined to help her family and friends improve their health so she began researching to find different methods that would maintain and restore health. As she was studying about slavery with her children, a cure-all was mentioned. This perked her curiosity. She knew if the slaves had access to a cure-all, it had to be cheap and readily available. How to Paint with Oils She continued to research to find this mystery cure. She bought all sorts of healing books but had no luck finding an inexpensive cure-all. Then it occurred to her that she lived in a black neighborhood among slave ancestors. She began asking her patients if they knew anything about a cure-all the slaves used. Because of her willingness to do trial testing on her own body, she figured out a proper dosage schedule. Daniels was confident she could share the old-time remedy with her family and friends. Daniels wrote a document about her turpentine discovery and specific directions on how to mix and use the remedy safely. She also explains that castor oil may be needed to aid in the elimination process of parasites and candida. She emphasizes the importance of reading all information and directions prior to using turpentine to assure you have the needed knowledge for proper usage. The document is located at the following link:. The Document. I also found this YouTube video of Dr. Daniels very enlightening and worthwhile. I have been looking for your report on how to use turpentine and can not find it Can you give me the right link? I would like to learn more about turpentine, however I did grow up using turpentine. My mom who was two generations from slavery gave it to us when we were children for worms. She also rubbed our jaws with sardines juice for the mumps. This woman looks so young and thriving.Turpentine is a yellowish fluid obtained from the sap of pine and coniferous trees. The oily fluid is also referred to as turpentine oil or turps. It primarily consists of oil and a type of resin known as rosin. Turpentine oil is obtained when the rosin is distilled with steam. It works well when used as a solvent in paints and varnishes. It also has medicinal value and is widely used in cosmetology. Turpentine offers some distinct advantages. Turps is a useful solvent for oil paints. The paints have a thick consistency and cannot be used in this form. Turps is used to thin the paint before application. Due to its high evaporation rate, it is one of the most effective solvents for use in oil paints. When mixed with the paint, it facilitates faster drying of the paint. This makes the paint easier to use and enables a more effective application. Turpentine is an excellent cleaner for paintbrushes. Most cleaning spirits can only dissolve fresh paint. However, turps goes a step further as it is able to clear slightly hardened paint from brushes. You must first clean off as much of the paint as you can from the brushes with rags or paper towels. Then dip the brushes into turpentine and swirl a few times for a thorough clean. Wash with soap and water and allow it to dry well before storage. Turps is also used with alcohol to clean and restore antique paintings. Turpentine oil is one of the most effective products for stain removal. turpentine uses home Ceramic bathtubs, sinks, toilets, and fixtures in the home typically develop stains with usage. Mix turpentine and table salt in equal parts to make a highly effective cleaning aid. Apply small amounts onto the stained areas and allow about 20 minutes for it to work. You may want to scrub with a brush for increased efficacy then rinse it off with water. Re-apply if need be. The turpentine based stain remover will clear the yellowish areas and other stubborn stains. This makes it a more comfortable solvent to use, especially if you suffer allergic reactions.Turpentine has been use as a natural medicine for thousands of years. Turpentine is made by distilling resin from pine trees. Today, manufacturing industries use turpentine to make varnishes, paint thinner and to create aromatics. For a more comprehensive list of medicinal plants, go here. While not as common as it once was, the use of turpentine for home health remedies continues-- but with extreme caution. If used improperly, turpentine vapor can be hazardous. It can damage the lungs, central nervous system, eyes and skin. If consumed, turpentine may damage the kidneys. It is also flammable. Turpentine was once a common home remedy for treating minor cuts and abrasions. People would place a small amount of turpentine on a piece of cotton wool and bind it to the wound. When the cotton wool dried, they would add a few more drops of turpentine to the material. The purpose was to keep the wound clean; turpentine was thought to have antiseptic qualities. Skin exposed to turpentine may become irritated and swollen, however. Although turpentine is hazardous to lungs, it was also thought to ease breathing difficulties if rubbed on to the chest and back in small quantities. This belief is still current. In Latvia, for example, you can buy turpentine at pharmacies. The turpentine comes in the form of an ointment. This makes it easier to apply as well as control the dosage. Other home remedies suggest adding turpentine in liquid form to hot water and breathing-in the fumes to clear nasal blockages. Please note that this practice can harm the lungs. Pneumonia is a serious condition. Sufferers should seek professional advice. Nevertheless, there are various old home remedies that aim to treat pneumonia. One of these involves turpentine. To treat pneumonia, turpentine oil was massaged over the ribs. Meanwhile, cotton wool or a cloth was warmed in front of a fire. Once the turpentine oil has been applied, the cotton wool was wrapped around the torso. This treatment is intended to relieve the pain that pneumonia causes. Sprains occur in all parts of the body and vary in severity. Common locations include the legs, feet and arms. Sprains can cause swelling, pain, bruising and mobility difficulties. One old home remedy for sprains uses a blend of honey, turpentine and camphor oil in equal quantities. The mix is rubbed onto the sprain. Another way to treat sprains using turpentine involves blending it with an equal amount of sunflower oil and massaging the mixture into the affected area. Kevin Watson has been a full-time writer and copy editor since Showcasing a straight, tall trunk and a dense canopy of elliptical leaves, the turpentine tree Syncarpia glomulifera is a member of the Myrtle family and hails from Australia. The evergreen tree can be a used an an addition to a spacious garden, providing ornamental value, shade and a habitat for wildlife. It also can be used for high-quality timber. The tree is hardy in U. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zone 8. It grows best in a site exposed to full or partial sunlight or filtered shade. Capable of reaching a height of or more feet, a turpentine can act as an imposing ornamental specimen tree in a large yard, park or other landscape. Its trunk diameter may reach 3 or more feet. Multiple turpentine trees can be planted near each other to create a protective group and landscaping effect. The turpentine tree produces a canopy that is up to 38 feet wide, providing a broad area of shade. Encourage fast, healthy growth by planting a turpentine tree in deep, well-draining and fertile soil. Although the tree does not require fertilizer, it needs regular irrigation or access to ample moisture. Old Home Remedies Using Turpentine Water the tree regularly to help it establish a healthy root system. A turpentine may be a good choice for a location near a pond or stream. Turpentine produces hard, fine-textured timber that is resistant to decay. It is also resistant to pests such as marine borers and termites. The tree's sapwood is a rich, golden yellow, and the heartwood is reddish brown. Turpentine wood is used for construction, flooring, fence posts and railway cross ties. It is almost fireproof, making it a poor choice for fuel. The product turpentine, a treated liquid commonly used as a solvent, is derived from the resinous timber of the turpentine tree. The turpentine tree is an effective windbreak, and it attracts wildlife. In fall, the tree displays scores of nectar-producing, white flowers, which are in dense clusters and attract insects, birds and other nectar-eating mammals. Little maintenance is needed to keep a turpentine tree looking healthy. Removing dry, woody seedpods that fall from the tree may be desirable if you walk under the tree regularly. Michelle Wishhart is a writer based in Portland, Ore. She has been writing professionally sincestarting with her position as a staff arts writer for City on a Hill Press, an alternative weekly newspaper in Santa Cruz, Calif. Skip to main content. Home Guides Garden Garden Care. Home Guides Garden Garden Care Showcasing a straight, tall trunk and a dense canopy of elliptical leaves, the turpentine tree Syncarpia glomulifera is a member of the Myrtle family and hails from Australia. Ornamental Specimen Capable of reaching a height of or more feet, a turpentine can act as an imposing ornamental specimen tree in a large yard, park or other landscape. Shade The turpentine tree produces a canopy that is up to 38 feet wide, providing a broad area of shade. Timber and Solvent Turpentine produces hard, fine-textured timber that is resistant to decay. Other Uses The turpentine tree is an effective windbreak, and it attracts wildlife. Customer Service Newsroom Contacts.If you can find a better, holistic solution to your aches and painswould you try it? Turpentine oil has been used as healing medicine for generations to remedy soreness and muscle pains. Turpentine oil has been largely used as a paint thinner and brush cleaner. The oil can be obtained through cooking wood pulp, steam distillation of shredded pine, or from the distillation of the exudates of tapped pine trees. Turpentine oil is colorless, oily, odorous and flammable and creates a warming sensation when applied to the skin. 9 Health Benefits of Turpentine – Uses, Tips, Side Effects Many notice an immediate effect after applying, and their pain is reduced within hours. Use a small amount to either massage or swab on the affected area. For best results, apply the oil times daily until pain or soreness improves. Please use this oil at your own caution, consult a physician to be sure this the right product for you. Be sure not to apply turpentine oil to any open wounds or swallow in excess amounts. You can use it on cold sores only before they erupt. You can add the turpentine oil to a humidifier or vaporizer to inhale and clear lung congestion. Make sure to wrap or cover the areas of the body where the oil has been applied for better penetration and avoid staining clothes or furniture. Turpentine oil is flammable, so be sure to wash your hands after each application. You can mix it with your favorite essential oils to create a better smelling remedy. Other essential oils have their own valuable uses; find out which oils are best for you. Raenae started her college education at Colorado State University and earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration of Hospitality Management, but has worked many years in the email marketing industry. On her days off, you can find her snuggling with her pets or catching up on some PC gaming. Log In Sign Up. Gaia Staff. turpentine uses home October 23, Raenae Wann. Related Articles. Sexy Nutrition: Avocados for Enhanced Libido. October 9, February 28, March 16, Turpentine, also known as turps, is a solvent that comes from the sap of different pine trees. These saps are then distilled and turned into resin. Turpentine, a yellow liquid with a strong odor, is commonly used as a paint and varnish solvent. It can also be found in medicine, fuel and chemicals. Solvent for paint wax polishes. Solvent for compositions of some waterproof paint Learn about waterproof paints for wood. The Turpentine Remedy Raw material for the production of different items such as medicine, explosives, synthetic rubber, and others. This has led to the use of many alternatives. One alternative is odorless turpentine. As its name implies, odorless turpentine is merely turpentine mixed with chemicals to remove the odor. It may not be a problem when substituted in gum turpentine though. For many years, turpentine has been used as treatment for various kinds of health conditions. It can be rubbed on the skin or taken internally. However, recent research has proved that taking turpentine internally can be toxic, which means any treatment that required drinking it should now be discontinued. Although some treatments have recently been proven to be harmful, research about the medical uses of turpentine is still ongoing. As of now, professionals are considering the idea of turpentine being used as treatment for sexual dysfunctions and disseminated sclerosis. However, both solvents are very different. Turpentinederived from pine trees, is actually considered one of the most compatible solvents for oil-based paint Differece between Water Based and Oil based Polyurethane Paint. It used to be really popular a few years ago, but has recently been replaced by cheaper substitutes. Turpentine is fast drying but has a strong odor. In some cases, it can be more harmful to your health than mineral spirits. Mineral spiritson the other hand, are a fine organic solvent distilled from petroleum. However, overusing mineral spirits as a thinner may weaken the paints adherence to the surface.
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Individuals are created through interaction; society too is created through social interaction. Why? 1. Primary deviance is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others. Symbolic interaction does not focus on social structure like other sociological perspectives do, symbolic interaction is based on small, mostly person to person ideas and perspectives on what symbols mean between people in cultures, what interaction is like, and how interaction between people can impact or reflect upon society as a whole. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. While interactions occur in every social organization, there is the need to look into those activities that are considered common to a certain social group. The human being must be understood as a thinking being. Perspectives on Deviance: Differential Association, Labeling Theory, and Strain Theory. The offender is poor and responding to the different cultural values that exist in his community. Although all of us violate norms from time to time, few people would consider themselves deviant. Crime and deviance are learned from the environment and enforced or discouraged by those around us. The student explains that she is running late, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The most important conceptual building block on which symbolic interactionists have based their analysis of human conduct is the concept of the symbol, or, as Mead called it, the significant symbol. Labeling theory, differential association, social disorganization theory, and control theory fall within the realm of symbolic interactionism. Pick a famous politician, business leader, or celebrity who has been arrested recently. (Photo courtesy of Joshin Yamada/flickr). Symbolic Interactionism Theory and the Ground of Routine Activities: Ethnomethodology as Portrayed by Harold Garfinkel and Herbert Blumer 681 Words 3 Pages Sociology of Everyday Life Sociology is considered as the study of human social life in the context of individuals, groups, and societies. A tween whose friends are sexually active is more likely to view sexual activity as acceptable. The theory is a framework for understanding how individuals interact with each other and within society through the meanings of symbols. Strickland pleaded guilty to a felony charge and repaid her debts; in return, she was spared from serving prison time. Sociology is considered as the study of human social life in the context of individuals, groups, and societies. Some people see themselves primarily as doctors, artists, or grandfathers. ( Log Out / Speeding is a deviant act, but receiving a speeding ticket generally does not make others view you as a bad person, nor does it alter your own self-concept. “The human being must be understood as a social person. The concept consists of three premises: Human beings act toward things … ______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______result in a person being labeled a deviant. Is it fair to prevent citizens from participating in such an important process? Our past enters into our actions primarily because we think about it and apply it to the definition of the present situation. Survey responses and conversations are co-constructed and the researchers/interviewers are more immediately influential on what and how subjects recall their memories and give their responses. 2. Sutherland’s theory may explain why crime is multigenerational. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your account. Symbolic Interactionism An Introduction, An Interpretation, An Integration. These individuals include inmates, parolees, probationers, and even people who have never been jailed, such as Leola Strickland. Significant Symbol a. Therefore, by understanding symbolic interactionism in society, one can disrupt the social order of society in a bid to conceptualize have an understanding of the society in ethnomethodology. Among other characteristics, theories that bear the hallmark of the SI perspective typically devote attention to micro-level social dynamics & the micropolitics of everyday interaction. Cause unfolds in the present social interaction, present thinking, and present definition. To Strickland, who said she had always voted, the news came as a great shock. According to Sutherland, deviance is less a personal choice and more a result of differential socialization processes. In fostering the various aspects of sociology, sociologists came up with various theories that expound of human relationships in their day-to-day activities. D.A. At present, it’s estimated that approximately 2.4 percent of the possible voting population is disfranchised, that is, lacking the right to vote (ProCon 2011). Symbolic interactionism is a theoretical approach that can be used to explain how societies and/or social groups come to view behaviors as deviant or conventional. If ex-criminals are disenfranchised from voting, are they being disenfranchised from society? Paradigms provide a starting place to help understand what is being witnessed in day-to-day life and in experiments. What factors best explain how this person might be punished if convicted of the crime? Harold confers on ethnomethodology as a way through which people make sense and find ways in which to act in their daily routine activities. Instead of focusing on the individual and his or her personality, or on how the society or social situation causes human behavior, symbolic interactionism focuses on the activities that take place between actors. 3. The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status. Which is the stronger influence on a subject’s responses; the subjects’ memories or the researcher’s interactions with the subject? In contrast to other social-scientific perspectives humans are not thought of as being passive in relation to their surroundings, but actively involved in what they do.”. Human beings are described as active beings in relation to their environment. Boston: Pearson. Symbolic Interactionism Symbolic interactionism is a theoretical approach that can be used to explain how societies and/or social groups come to view behaviors as deviant or conventional. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Continuing with an examination of large social factors, control theory states that social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society. An environment may actually exist, but it is our definition of it that is important. A master status is a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. Those who do, however, have often been labeled “deviant” by society and have gradually come to believe it themselves. Shea Moisture Manuka Honey Body Wash, Example Of Homologous Series Class 10, Zinc Ii Bromide Formula, Field Vole Nest, Strat Hardtail Bridge Conversion, Pavitra Rishta Episode 9, Diploma Vs Bachelor Vs Master,
Ebola Virus: How it Spreads and What it Does to You Ebola How it SpreadsThe latest Ebola outbreak is the largest the world has ever seen, with more than 4,500 confirmed deaths in west Africa. Patients are often killed not by the virus itself, but by the overreaction of their immune system to the infection. Here, Ian Sample explains how Ebola is transmitted, the organs it disrupts, the symptoms of infection and the chances of survival. Ebola Virus: How it Spreads and What it Does to You BBC News – Ebola in 60 Seconds Ebola in 60 SecThe Ebola outbreak in West Africa is the deadliest occurrence of the disease since its discovery in 1976. BBC News explains why the disease is so dangerous – in 60 seconds. In 60 seconds: What is Ebola? CDC Communication Resource Videos CDC Communication Resource VideosCDC Resources How Ebola Kills Everyone knows that Ebola kills, but what exactly does it do? This video by Dr. Michael Smith explains the science behind how Ebola attacks the body. How Ebola Kills Hans Rosling’s Explanation of Liberia Curve This trend shows daily new cases confirmed by blood samples; not all suspected and probable cases. Since August the trend went up above 60 and then back down. But not to zero. It stayed around 10 new cases per day. The hunt can not stop until it reaches zero. [youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zoC2JMgttw&w=560&h=315] Time Lapse During Sierra Leone Lockdown Footage from Freetown, Sierra Leone during a nationwide three-day “lockdown” where all residents were required to remain indoors and traffic was limited to emergency services and Ebola response activities. [vimeo 106806835 w=500 h=281] Her Dreams vs. Ebola Series More Than Me (MTM) works in the West Point slum of Liberia to get girls off the street and into school. Due to the Ebola outbreak, MTM had to shut down its academy and is now running an Ebola Response plan for West Point. Through fear and heartache, these girls hold tight to their dreams. And we can’t let Ebola get in the way of that. [vimeo 106450636 w=500 h=281] [vimeo 106577556 w=500 h=281] [vimeo 106831352 w=500 h=281] PPE Happy Dance Ebola workers at the IMC Ebola Treatment Center in Lunsar, Sierra Leone reacting to the news that one young patient was Ebola-free and ready to go home. [vimeo 116077032 w=500 h=281] More than Me Ambulance Team In response to the Ebola epidemic, More Than Me purchased an ambulance and trained a team to run it. A team of nine men risk their lives every day to help their community. Meet the brave Liberians who have stepped up to be on the front lines of the battle against Ebola. [vimeo 108892082 w=500 h=281] Sierra Leone Healthcare Workers Watching #We’veGotYourBack The healthcare workers at Hastings Ebola Treatment Unit watch themselves featured in the #WeveGotYourBack video with Idris Elba and footballers Carlton Cole, Yaya Touré, Andros Townsend, Patrick Vieira, Kei Kamara and Fabrice Muamba. [vimeo 113725875 w=500 h=281]
From Eco Friendly Travels Home / South America / Guyana Eco-friendly travel guide to Guyana advises how to be a responsible tourist. Learn how to travel in a sustainable way and how to respect the local people and culture. Make your trip green by supporting locally owned hotels, organic restaurants and other businesses. Read more on how to protect the environment by making conscientious choices and how to travel green in Guyana, South America. View of the Canje River in Guyana • Air quality: 3 / 5 • Bus connections: 5 / 5 • Train connections: 0 / 5 • Hitchhiking: 3 / 5 • National parks: 5 / 5 • Outdoor activities: 4.5 / 5 • Locals' English level: 4 / 5 • Safety: 2.5 / 5 • Accommodation: US$30 - $400 • Budget per day: US$60 - $500 Responsible Travel Guyana is a South American country that sits in the northern region of the South American continent. It is part of the Caribbean Region and shares land and water borders with the Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, Venezuela, and Suriname. Guyana's significance in the world is that it homes nine indigenous tribes and has many historical, cultural, and political factors. Surprisingly, more than 40% of the ethnic groups present are Indians, while about 30% are Africans, and only 10% are Indigenous Amerindian. The most common religion, followed by 786,391 Guyanese, is Christianity than comprises 63%. The second most followed religion is Hindu, with 24.8%. Guyana covers an area of 214,970 square kilometres. The capital city is Georgetown, which also happens to be the largest city. The official language is English, while there are more than ten indigenous languages from different Guyanese regions. Because of so much significance worldwide, Guyana welcomes a considerable number of tourists every year. Most of these tourists are attracted towards the unexplored areas and sites, exotic flora and fauna, historical sites, and beautiful cultures of the different tribes. While visiting Guyana, it becomes your responsibility that you don’t cause harm to the local environment. You can do this by following certain practices that will make your trip efficient and affordable. The first thing that you must follow in any city or country is reducing your waste. You can do this by opting for reusing the items or recycling them. These two methods facilitate reducing the creation of waste and reduce the use of energy sources. You can opt for using food containers, handkerchiefs, water bottles, etc. Just by doing this, you will not be able to make your trip sustainable entirely. To make your Guyanese trip eco-friendly, you must ensure that every aspect of your trip, from accommodation to transportation, should be friendly to the local environment. The local environment consists of both nature and the local communities. If you follow proper eco-friendly measures, they will protect the environment and support localized items. You must use localized items as local businessmen and artisans sell these items. Using local products, you will be buying directly from local sources, so the quality and authenticity will be better than any international or retail organization's products. It would be best if you tried to keep your carbon footprint. Your carbon footprint represents the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions done through all your activities. If you follow these measures, you can keep your carbon footprint minimal and enjoy a fantastic trip to Guyana. Air Quality and Pollution Guyana's air quality is not good because the statistics say that 46 % of the air in the entire country is polluted. The high rate of pollution is because many cities don't have a railway network; therefore, local people use public transport such as private taxis, public buses, and personal motorcycles. Another reason for so much air pollution is the lenient industrial policies regarding their carbon emission. The industrialization in Guyana severely affected the air; they don't regulate and clean their chimneys; therefore, it releases a lot of smoke, causing air pollution. Due to the many traffic present in almost every Guyana city, different pollution arises, like noise pollution. Any sound which can cause damage to the human ears comes under noise, which further causes pollution. Noise pollution can cause so much damage to humans and their surroundings. It affects not only humans but also many animals as they have more sensitive ears than us. It can disturb sleep in humans, which might cause headaches and can disrupt the whole routine of daily life; insufficient sleep can cause a stressed lifestyle. Respect the Culture We must respect the culture of every place, city, or country we are visiting. It helps us to accept different cultures, traditions, and beliefs. We can even learn various things like other traditions, beliefs, practices, and additional values. You can find that there are mostly Christians, and later there are pentecostal, which makes 17%, 8% are Roman Catholics, and 7% are Anglica. Therefore, the widely celebrated festivals in each city are Christian festivals like Easter, Christmas, and other such celebrations. Top 10 Places to Visit • Georgetown (North Atlantic Coast): It is where many Guyanese come for various purposes like to work, shop, and play. It is something like a shadow of the country's former self. There is no doubt that Georgetown's developmental age came along with the height of the power that colonialism brought here. It is a fact that the city's name was made in honour of King George III – the King of England. Miners, plantation, architects, builders, politicians, and many more are all flocked to this corner of Mahaica Demerara to play their part when the city changed their colonies from Dutch to French and then to British rule. The town's most fascinating tourist attractions are St George's whitewashed Cathedral and Stabroek Market. The Building of Parliament is also a must stop-off. Moreover, the national museum will give you a piece of more in-depth knowledge about the history and various colonies that ruled here. Demerara Rum Distillery is also a welcoming place from the heritage. • Linden (Demerara River): For about a century, the Linden's settlement has been the primary mining hub of Guyana, with thousands and hundreds of miners and prospectors who make their way to the city's tropical spot to pull out bauxite mineral from the hills that are lined around the Demerara River. Today, this mining town's development and history are entered in the Linden Museum of Socio-Cultural Heritage, situated in the town's central area. The museum reveals the evolution of the place. The place's growth began from the tented outpost, located here in the early 1900s, to the modern-day mechanized industrial center. Many of the shaft mines which were used earlier are now shut down completely. Other places to travel for tourists are Gluck Island, situated on the west of the Essequibo. There many species of birds and animals here. Some of them are colossal lily pads, red howler monkeys, and bird watching, mainly tropical birds. • Kanuku Mountains (Southwest Guyana): They are great mountains. Their peaks are divided in two, and it is done by winding and long channels water of the River named Rapununi. They are separated into a diamond-shaped duo in the highland regions famous for their old-growth forests and many mammalian species' wealth. Travelling can rarely take tourists into the southern side of the town, where there are the nation's recesses. To visit all these, you need to pass the tepui peaks located in the Potaro-Siparuni. You will also need to pass long stretches of lowland forests and savannah to visit here. You can find giant otters in the large forest area, the scarce harpy eagle, pirarucu fish, all in the habitats of colossal and riparian. • Bartica (Essequibo River): You can reach here by travelling through the channels of the River Essequibo. It joins the Cuyuni meanders and creates wilder and less inhabited heartlands situated in Guyana. Bartica is also called the 'Gateway to the Interior.' It is also a famous stoppage for the miners and prospectors who want to go to the gold and mineral dig sites located between the mountains of Potaro-Siparuni. Since the last century, till today, it is still bustling with river-dwelling folk and cargo barges. Everyone happily hops between the Brazilian eateries, cafes, and bubbling beer bars on the weekend. • New Amsterdam (Berbice River): New Amsterdam was founded in the mid 18th century and is the capital region of the East Berbice Corentyne. The city has been flushed from the master of the Dutch. The people here always held sway over the plantations of the low lands. It was done from the citadel of a very famous palace named Fort Nassau. The remains of Fort Nassau are still prevailing, and it is a significant tourist attraction. The Britishers did the major work in this area who kept notice of the sanitation and made several sanitation rules, which also attracted Guyana's most famous architect, Cesar Castellani. As proof of Castellani's influence, the masterpieces faces of New Amsterdam Public Hospital still adorn the streets. Simultaneously, the New trio of Amsterdam strips pulses with places of Markey and light industry. • Anna Regina (Pomeroon-Supenaam Region): Incredibly clean and fascinating, Anna Regina is nothing but a patchwork of garden fences: whitewashed, frontispieces made of pristine, and streets splashed with sunlight. Fruit vendors stand in a straight line in the roadways shouting and selling mangoes and tangerines. The Damon Monument here is the town's main historical building. It was built to pay homage to a martyred slave who rebelled and helped along with revolts in Essequibo during the 19th century. Anna Regina is the base for exploring resorts around the lake named Mainstay, where charming cottages are near the water. Also, there is a mix with the unique folk named Arawak underneath a canopy of palms. • Kamarang (Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region): Kamarang is far and on the outskirts of the country. To be precise, we can say that it is located in the depths of western Guyana. This place is shrouded by great and massive forests of the old grown rainforest. The easiest way to get here is by private charter plane. Now the most inaccessible and remote part was earlier the settlement of one of the most humble tribes named Amerindian tribal, which was settled on the mountain edge of the wild mountains named Pacaraima. These mountains rise in rock terraces, steep and a table topped bluffs present in the region, forming the rocks' bulwark, which is now the border with Venezuela. Now, Kamarang is a boomtown, famous as the home of Guyana's richest gold veins and minerals. It's also coming up as a renowned tourist spot. There are massive Kamarang waterfalls nearby, which can also be visited. • Iwokrama Forest (Central Guyana): The Iwokrama Forest represents one of the last remaining patches of the rainforest of the pristine primeval on the planet. It sits in the country's very heart, where the tepuis with a sheer cut of the highlands give away to the lowlands of the tropicals, feeds the unique canopies with their infinite arrays of mountain streams and majestic waterfalls. The forest is famous for its sky touching roofs with a maximum height of 30 meters in some sections, where species of endangered harpy eagles, bats, lizards, and multi-coloured frogs, giant armadillos, howler monkeys, and jaguars are amongst some of the beasts. Moreover, travellers can choose whether they want to safari here through rope bridges or mud tracks. • Shell Beach (North Guyana): Shell Beach is undoubtedly the most famous beach in the country. It is a salt-sprayed section in the Guyana Coast. Here the Atlantic rollers mixed with the Caribbean currents at sea, and the mangroves forests are spread along the sands towards the shore. Tourists don't visit here to sunbathe and swim. They come to experience the phenomena of turtle nesting that takes every year from late-summer to late-March, when sea turtles of almost all sizes and shapes, hawksbills, leatherbacks, greens flocks, and olive ridleys come to the shores to lay their eggs. There is also a chance to see some of South America's undeveloped coastlines, where bamboo huts, pepper the lagoons, and rustic villages are found. The sand is combined with far-stretched wild jungles, which provides a fantastic view. • Orinduik Falls (West Guyana):The water carves its way out of the rocks that come out from the Mountains of Pakaraima. It is situated in the western area of the country of Guyana. It is located on the border with the government of Venezuela. Visitors who can find their way to the viewpoints, which are located far away, can enjoy a more personal and intimate experience, hiking the ridges around the site, swimming in the plunge pools, and taking in the terraces of rock and lakes as they go. The channels of the River Ireng offer up more waterfalls as they go to their courses, for example, the more remote Kurutuik Falls towards the north of the jungles. Orinduik Falls There are a lot of things in this city to explore around. Moving around in the city by walking or cycling is also very beneficial to the environment. Using cycle and walking will not contribute to the growing pollution rate as they are very eco-friendly. Bicycles do not release harmful chemicals in the form of smoke. These bicycles are readily available for rent. Exploring something will help you to get rid of your boredom as it is an exciting activity. Analyzing something new will help you remember the streets and various lanes as you have to go through them while studying. You tend to meet a lot of people while roaming on the streets. If you are concerned about your health and food, you can find organic cafes and explore the various cuisines they offer. There are several city parks where you can examine multiple trees, plants, and flowers in brief. Other than this, you can also visit them for a morning walk. There are some national parks to protect nature. Other than this, there are several markets, traditional restaurants, monuments, ancient palaces, and many more, which you can visit. City Parks City parks are present in a city for the public, and there is no entry charge. These parks are lovely and are covered with trees all over. You can visit these parks for a morning or evening walk. Morning or evening walk is very beneficial for health as they provide activeness to the body and helps a person to remain fit. Other than this, there are jogging tracks built on most of the parks; you can very well exercise there. You can even walk barefoot on green grass, which can provide energy and improves health. There are various other exercises like yoga and meditation, and the new environment covered with trees will give you refreshment and help your body relax. Some of the city parks have fountains and long flowerbeds. You can play various sports like cricket, badminton, football and other such sports as it has a large open space. These parks can even serve as the best picnic spot for a day, and you can spend some memorable time with your friends or family. • D'Urban Park (Georgetown) • Enta' Fun Park (Georgetown) • Gnangara Park (Gangaram) • Saint Marks Park (Linden) • Single Street Park (Everton) National Parks National parks are present to protect nature and animals. Due to the less vegetation and low average temperature, there are not many national parks present in this country. However, the current vegetation was at risk of collapsing; therefore, the government focused on building national parks. National parks can help you get detailed knowledge about various plants and their species and explore wildlife. Trekking in the national park can be a very adventurous activity as it involves walking in the jungle, which is surrounded by various trees and plants. The fresh air will relax your body and mind and keep you away from the city and its noise. Almost all of the national parks offer you jungle safari in which you will roam on an open or closed top jeep along with a driver and a guide. You can use that guide's expertise to learn various things and in-depth about different species of plants and animals. Other than this, there are other adventures other than trekking, including hiking, rock climbing, and many such activities. Some guesthouses are also present for people who want to stay in the national park or come here on vacation. It can help you in observing various plants at night. • Kaieteur National Park (Potaro-Siparuni) • National Park (Georgetown) • Iwokrama Forest Reserve (Central Guyana) • Promenade Gardens (Georgetown) Kaieteur Falls at Kaieteur National Park Beaches are the best places if you want to relax. Most beaches consist of sand; therefore, they are the best way to relax your mind. You can also try various water sports activities such as windsurfing, kayaking, swimming, parasailing, and other such activities. These beaches are free to visit but the facilities they offer often require some charge. You can even learn various sports activities as many trainers present who are ready to teach you at some expense. Other than this, you can even try beach volleyball with your friends. Many people visit these beaches, so it doesn't matter if you are travelling alone. You can still make friends. Beaches are great for sunbathing, as it cures many skin infections such as fungal infections, eczema, rashes, and others. Vitamin D, which comes from the sun, is also very beneficial for the body. Other than this, many street vendors sell fast food, beverages, and snacks. There are bars and restaurants near beaches to have food while enjoying the beautiful scenery of the coast and fresh sea breeze. • Shell Beach (Northwest Guyana) • Berbice (Corriverton) • Bartica Beach (Bartica) • Saxacalli Beach (Saxacalli) Landmarks are places which are very famous and popular. It is the identification mark of a particular area. These landmarks serve as the main tourist spots; therefore, many public transport kinds cover these unique spots. These landmarks involve various historical and ancient monuments, which show their architectural skills and styles, which are very inspiring. You can learn different things from these monuments as there is a City hall built in the 19th century in a Gothic style that shows the richness of people's ancient architectural skills from the past. These landmarks also include forts made during the rule of the various emperor. • Georgetown City Hall (Georgetown) • Bourda Cemetery (Georgetown) • Fort Zeelandia (Maswa) • Iwokrama Canopy Walkway (Iwokrama Forest Reserve Lethem) • Fort Nassau (De Velde) • Blue Lake Linden (Linden) Iwokrama Canopy Walkway Museums are the best places to learn many things about Guyana as there are many museums present in each city, including different categories. These museums include historical artifacts and monuments, and inventions, which date back several centuries and decades. Few museums are also a tribute to various artists and those who have done great things in art and literature. Other museums include those that show the rich cultural and traditional heritage of people of different places, including African or Guyana's culture and traditions. These museums involve various ethnic groups showcasing their distinct culture, traditions, beliefs, faiths, practices, festivals, and preferences. • Guyana National Museum (Georgetown) • Museum Of African Heritage (Al Air Park) • The Guyana Heritage Museum (Meten Meer Zorg) • The Philatelic Museum (Robstown) • Dutch Heritage Museum (Fort Island) Guyana National Museum • Guyanese cook-up rice: It is a national dish. It is made by cooking rice, peas, meat, herbs such as basil, thyme, spring onions, and coconut milk in a pot. It is also referred to as a low man dish. The rice, when cooked in coconut milk, develops a moist and wet texture. The coconut milk adds a depth of flavour and richness to the dish. • Bouillon D'awara: It is also known as Awara broth or Boyan Wara. It's a traditional dish in the cuisine of Guyana. The main ingredient consists of is a juice extracted from a fruit called Awara. The juice of the fruit is used as a stock. The stock is cooked on low flame for an extended period. Meanwhile, many other ingredients like chicken, tropical vegetables, fish, salted meat, banana leaves, smoked ham, and cassava are added. • Yam Pie: It is among the most popular dishes in Guyana. The main ingredient is yam. This dish consists of many other ingredients like butter, onion, grated cheese, and cabbage. To prepare this dish, initially boiled yams are crushed, and then they are topped with layers of cheese and cabbage. It is then baked till it is golden brown. After baking, the dish is served by garnishing it with tomato slices and parsley that is finely chopped. • Pepperpot: It is a national dish of the country of Guyana. The pepperpot prepared in Guyana uses cassareep. It is flavoured with cinnamon and brown sugar. The meat is initially mixed with cassareep and various spices like orange peel, thyme, cloves, cinnamon, and garlic. All these ingredients are cooked together along with a stew. This dish is traditionally accompanied by plait bread. • Metemgee: It is also a one-pot meal. The ingredients used in the dish are onions, yams, sweet potatoes, cassava plantations, and sometimes meat too. All these ingredients are boiled in coconut milk along with dumplings. Fried fish or salted fish traditionally accompany this dish as a side dish. This dish can be enjoyed at any time of the day, but Guyana's people prefer this dish during lunchtime to get energy for the rest of the day. • Peanut Punch: Peanut Punch is a non-alcoholic drink. The is a beverage that any tourist will find in every gathering of people who live in Guyana. You must drink this if you visit Guyana. It is made from nutmegs, shelled peanuts, and condensed milk. For enhancing the taste, coconut milk is also added. This drink has very high energy levels, fats, and high proteins. Due to its high calorific value and such high energy content, it is often referred to or said to be a man's drink. • Ginger Bear: There are some drinks in the country which are served regularly in the country in the same way there are some drinks which are served on special occasions ginger bear is one of them. Ginger Beer is a refreshing light drink that is made from ginger. This drink is usually helpful during the time of Christmas in the households. This drink is made by soaking ginger, then grating it, and mixing it with water and various spices. After this process, it is kept in jars to cool and ferment. After fermentation, the mixture is sweetened and strained. Then the drink is served over ice. • Tamarind Drink: A drink any tourist would not want to miss out on during their visit to Guyana. It is Tamarind Drink. If we go on the taste, this drink is a tart, sweet, and highly refreshing drink. Not only stimulating but nutritious as well. During the summer season, this drink becomes an ideal drink to quench anyone's thirst as well as taste. Tamarind drink is usually served at parties, including dinners and other gatherings with families and friends. If you don't like the sour and tangy taste, you can sweeten it. • Corona Extra: This drink is one of the trendy beer in Guyana and is an alcoholic beer. Corona Extra originated in Mexico. The glass is observed as one of the favourite beer amongst the people of the country Guyana. It has an irresistible taste. It is usually served in pubs and bars all over the country where you can walk in and grab a bottle. It is also one of the perfect drink while you are spending your time on the beach. • I-cee Soda: No drink is more refreshing than an iced soda directly consumed from a bottle. I-cee Soda is a trendy drink that one can find anywhere in the country, be it any grocery store, bar, or even on street stalls. There are six different flavours available in it. Some of them are Banana, orange, pineapple, tangerine, big red, and pear. Many fusion flavours like Green Crush, Apple, Strawberry, Pink Grapefruit, ginger beer, and fruit punch are also present. This drink is also voted as the favourite drink of the people living in this country. This country's tap water is not fit for drinking as most of the water is either polluted or has a very high quantity of chlorine present. Almost three fourth of the total drinking water is considered polluted. The main reason for water pollution is the growing industrialization, as many industries do not treat water before releasing it into the water bodies. The contaminated water, when it gets dissolved in rivers or other water bodies, pollutes it. The other reason for unsafe tap water is that the supply pipes are not well-maintained. Even the water purification plants are not efficient enough to provide safe water quality. It is advised that you must use bottled water, which is available everywhere, but that will create a lot of plastic consumption, which is very bad for the environment. Therefore, you should take a large container and refill it every time you move around this city. For those who are living in apartments, they can install water purifiers at there home or can use the tap water for other purposes. For drinking water supply, local agencies provide them at a specific cost, and you can contact them and have a deal for the number of days you are staying. Many activities are available in this country. Those include snorkelling, which involves diving into deep water accompanying oxygen cylinders with you to discover marine life. Other involves sky adventures such as parachuting, which can give you a memorable experience of flying at high altitudes and will give you fantastic scenery of the state, ground, or town from a height. Trekking and hiking can provide you with the experience of walking in the jungle and its difficulties. Many other activities can offer various memories and experiences from different activities. These activities require some charge, and there are certain limitations and restrictions to some people, and ages like many activities have a restricted age of above 12, 14, or 18. • Snorkeling • Parachuting • Wind Surfing • Jungle Safari • ATV Tour • Hiking • Trekking • Kayaking There are a lot of accommodation options available in this country in each city. Different capacities depend on other facilities and luxuries you require. Those who want to live a luxurious lifestyle can accommodate hotels and resorts that offer various facilities such as a private swimming pool, a three-time meal with dishes of your wish. Other accommodation options are Green hotels that are best to stay in as they conserve nature as much as possible. Next are hostels and guesthouses. Those are best if you are travelling solo and want a budget-friendly option to stay. Other is the Apartments, and these are best when you are travelling with your friends or family as it offers complete security and privacy. Camping can be a temporary option of staying in, but too much of it can be very dull as on weekends many locals visit beaches or campgrounds for camping. Green Hotels These hotels are best known for their eco-friendly techniques. That is why they are specially certified by the government as the electricity they use is generated by their solar panels that use solar energy and wind energy. They usually have a large garden where many people staying in those hotels come for walking, yoga and other exercises. The winds are generally fresh and do not contains any city side pollution. Even the towels and bed sheets are made up of cotton. The cosmetics are entirely chemical-free and do not cause any damage to the skin. The dishes they offer are entirely organic, and even some of the hotels have organic cafes in them. Organic food is the type of food items created from fresh ingredients either brought by their garden or purchased from local farmers. These ingredients are free from any artificial pesticides or chemicals. Therefore, they are not very attractive but full of nutrients. Hostels and Guest Houses Hostels are for those who are travelling alone and want a budget-friendly accommodation option. These are generally shared rooms with only necessary facilities available. As these are shared rooms, you can be friends with different people staying with you as your roommate. These people can be travellers from various countries or states, and from them, you can learn about their country, culture, preferences, and languages. You won't feel alone or left out in this accommodation option. Some hostels even offer you one time meal of your choice. Guesthouses, on the other hand, are for travellers that are visiting a particular place with their friends, family, or partner. Unlike hostels, guesthouses provide a private space for you to spend some quality time with your loved ones. They are a bit more pricey as compared to hostels because they provide extra facilities and amenities. Apartments are best for those who want to explore this country for a long time. Therefore, they can rent an apartment which is present in every city. Different apartments' prices depend on the facilities and their locations as the ones present on the seashores are costlier than those present inside the city. Therefore, you must try to accommodate as you find convenient as these apartments have their pros and cons and are equally efficient in providing you with a great stay. Couchsurfing can be a reasonable accommodation option, but the problem is that you cannot always rely on it. Many travellers have complained that some hosts have cancelled the meeting at last and have to either search for a new host or have to find new accommodation options. Therefore, it is advised that you must have a backup option available with you. Other than this, you must note that you should not have any expectations from the hosts as he can offer you your room for the night or even a mattress to sleep at night. There are some camping grounds available in this country, and the rest of the camping can be done on beaches. Guyana's average temperature is warm; therefore, it supports camping along the beachside, which provides a fresh sea breeze that relaxes the mind and body and improves sleep. Camping is a temporary accommodation option as after one or two weeks you will start feeling bored. Camping can be adventurous, but you must adopt every eco-friendly measure. You must carry a torch or flashlight for the night rather than a bonfire, which will emit smoke. There are a lot of mosquitoes and other insects. Therefore, you must have a repellent cream with you. Map of Guyana with regions colour-coded Guyanese Coastal Plain (Georgetown, Bartica, Mabaruma, New Amsterdam) Guyanese Highlands (Lethem, Paramakatoi) Berbice-Corentyne (Linden) • Georgetown - Capital of the country, situated in the county of Demerara. Getting There and Moving Around Getting to this place is not that easy as the air network is not connected with all countries' cities. Therefore, you must be present in specific cities to reach here. It is quite a large country. Thus, walking around in its cities by walking is not possible, and the crime rate is also high, which makes walking at night impossible. There are 30 airports in this country that cover all the significant cities of significant countries. The flights are well-connected with Europe and Asia, but the problem is that it misses some towns. Therefore, you have to research before going there. Other facilities are that these airlines' staff speaks English and are the highly trained and humble staff. These can be used to travel intercity, but that will cost you higher and are not friendly to the environment as aircraft produce a lot of air pollution. Cheddi Jagan International Airport There are several buses, but there is no international bus system, the most a bus can offer is to travel from city to city. The buses are well-maintained and are very hygienic. Every seat has its electric socket where you can charge anything, and there is a small canteen for you to buy snacks and beverages. Buses are the most convenient and affordable mode of travelling in Guyana. There were railway stations and trains earlier in this country, but no trains operated in this country. The reason is that many minibusses and buses attracted passengers towards them, which reduced the use of trains, which resulted in no use of trains. Therefore, you will not find any railway transport present in Guyana. You will either have to opt for private or public transport options. Hitchhiking is a process or a type of free ride that is asked from any passer going in the same direction. The crime rates are so high that it is not advised that you must hitchhike here because there have been a lot of cases of robbery and many small groups are present who are always in search of travellers. If you maintain proper caution, you can enjoy a tremendous hitchhiking experience. Other means of transport include a ferry ride as Guyana has four rivers connected with many states. Ferry rides are a fantastic experience, and the only problem with it is that it requires a lot of time. There are taxis which can be used for travelling inter-city or moving around in the city—using taxis are not advised as it creates a lot of pollution. You must either opt for public transports or electronic vehicles. Sustainable Shopping Sustainable shopping involves shopping for those products which are beneficial for health and the environment. These products do not trouble the ground as most of its production requires human resources and less machine use. These products save energy and raw materials, as most sustainable products include recycled products and second-hand products. Both categories save a lot of raw material, which would have required making a new and fresh product. It also saves a lot of energy, which would have needed in dumping. The government follows landfills, so it also saves a lot of land. Many eco-fashion stores are present in most states, and these produce mostly hand-knitted fashion products and natural fabrics such as cotton, silk, etc. Recycling means reusing products that are of no use by giving them a new shape. Many products can be reused by giving it a recent shape example – papers can be reused as they can be converted into newspapers. Old tin or steel can be used in making cans, and glasses can be recycled by melting and using in decoration. Therefore, recycling can be done on many products. Recycling saves a lot of raw material and even the energy required to make a new product. Waste is a product that is of no use and has to be dumped. The waste management of this country is not efficient and good enough to make this country clean. Many people burn their waste, which creates a lot of pollution and makes the air toxic. Many open and untreated landfills in many cities develop a lot of air and soil pollution. Work and Study Abroad There are some job vacancies available in this country, including teachers and multilingual guides hired in large numbers of private agencies. There are local agencies which help in finding the best job for you. You have to submit your relevant documents, including your education qualifications, merits, achievements in various fields, and some other certificates. After submitting this, they will tell you the best job in each of the states, and you can choose one. There are different procedures for different types of jobs, which sometimes might involve specific qualification tests. Exchange Student The exchange student is a program that involves sending students abroad to their partnership college to study the rest of their degrees. Not every student gets the chance of representing the college at an international level; therefore, you must be excellent in your studies to get this chance. It helps a student to become independent and boosts its self-confidence. Au Pair An au pair is a person who tries to help a family by staying and taking care of their children, and in exchange, the family allows him to stay with them along with food. Some of the families here might offer you a certain amount. But the main problem of being an au pair is that the locals don't trust any stranger quickly because of the crime rates. The crime rates in this country's cities are so high that people are very skeptical about strangers; therefore, it rarely happens, and you must present yourself as a genuine and kind person. There are more than a hundred NGOs in this country. Many NGOs have different work, like some of them create awareness among the locals about the crimes happening there and how to stop them or defend themselves. Some of them focus on girls and their education where education is not proper. Some NGOs become active during some social crises such as tsunami, earthquakes, drought, and other such natural calamities. You can also participate in such volunteering activities and help out the local communities. See Also
I've googled around a bit and here are the interpretations I've found in non-authoritative sources: 1. that the device is unable to filter out interference caused by other certified equipment 2. that if there is interference, the device must not "complain" about it (whatever that means) 3. that if there is interference and your device fails to work, you must not complain about it (i.e. you cannot sue for failure to perform the function) 4. that if there is interference, the device can't do anything about it (though I can't think what it possibly could do about this other than actively seek out the source and shut it down, sci-fi style) 5. that the device is actually required to work correctly regardless of any interference So what does this phrasing actually mean? Is it phrased poorly or am I misunderstanding it as a result of not being a native speaker? • 1 \$\begingroup\$ What would it mean to say that a device does not accept interference from other sources? Would a device operating in a Faraday cage be such a device? \$\endgroup\$ – Aaron Hall Jul 24 '14 at 21:56 "Interference" in this context applies to one, radiated RF signal affecting the reception of another radiated RF signal. The interference is not produced within the interfering transmit system, but as a result of the radiated field intensity it produces at the receive location(s) of other transmitted signals. Transmit systems whose operators and equipment are specifically licensed/certified by the FCC, and are operating as permitted by their station license are protected from such interference from "Part 15" unlicensed operators and systems — even when those unlicensed operators/systems strictly meet the technical requirements set out for them in FCC Part 15 rules. This FCC protection from interference applies only to certain electronic devices using the RF spectrum. For example, the user of an audio amplifier in a home stereo system may hear the programming of a licensed AM broadcast or HAM radio station located physically nearby. But there is no FCC recourse. S/he must either accept that interference, use an amplifier that doesn't exhibit that issue, or relocate that stereo system far enough away from the transmit system so as not to be affected by its legal operation. • \$\begingroup\$ So basically answer # 3 in the question: that if there is interference and your device fails to work, you must not complain about it (i.e. you cannot sue for failure to perform the function) \$\endgroup\$ Aug 2 '20 at 4:19 FCC Title 47, Part 15 section 5.b should clarify this for you: (b) Operation of an intentional, unintentional, or incidental radiator is subject to the conditions ... that interference must be accepted that may be caused by the operation of an authorized radio station, by another intentional or unintentional radiator, by industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) equipment, or by an incidental radiator. In other words, to be FCC listed under part 15, your device must operate normally when subject to normal, authorized RF emissions from other sources. You can drill down to the specific requirements under part 15 by starting here: • 4 \$\begingroup\$ How does that relate to the fact that the operation of many devices can be affected by mobile phones which are placed extremely close to them? A mobile phone which is placed directly on top of a guitar amp will often cause the amp to produce annoying sounds, even though the level of radiation produced by the phone is well within the legal limits. My interpretation would be that the users of the amp have no cause of action against the phone maker; if they don't like the interference, they should move the amp or the phone. \$\endgroup\$ – supercat Dec 31 '12 at 19:53 • \$\begingroup\$ @supercat There is much more that could be said on this topic. The issue is that GSM phones have a particular time slicing transmission scheme which may result in nearby audio equipment picking up the lower frequency electrical noise. It's possible to make audio equipment that is immune to these emissions - all "made for ipod" devices for instance must reject this noise and have clear audio when right next to an iphone. However this certification doesn't necessarily mean that the end user must not notice the noise to be certified. \$\endgroup\$ – Adam Davis Jan 2 '13 at 15:11 • 1 \$\begingroup\$ That can't be correct, because consumer devices that fail to operate correctly in the presence of licensed radio transmitters (such as a neighbor's licensed ham radio transmitter) are not taken off the market for failure to perform. The correct interpretation is that the human operator of a Part 15 device has no legal right to require licensed operators to stop or correct interference to his device originating from the licensed service, and has a duty to correct or stop any interference to a licensed service originating from his device. \$\endgroup\$ – Paul Jan 6 '13 at 19:29 • \$\begingroup\$ @supercat If iphone owner were visiting a broadcast radio station, and the iphone was adding noise to the broadcast, the broadcast licensee would be within their legal rights to require the iphone be turned off or otherwise stop interfering. Ultimately, the FCC could fine the iphone owner on complaint from the licensee. If the iphone owner works across the steet from a broadcaster, and the licensed broadcast transmitter somehow prevents the iphone from working properly, the iphone owner does not have a valid complaint. For examples, see arrl.org/part-15-fcc-enforcement-actions \$\endgroup\$ – Paul Jan 6 '13 at 20:23
Clear The Air Energy Blog Rotating Header Image Carbon Dioxide CO2 Cement could be greener, but will it? Between 1,500 and 1,600 million tons of CO₂ was emitted from the cement process in 2018, equal to Russia’s total CO₂ emissions. Another 1,000 million tons may be emitted from fuels. Concrete is a widely used construction material that consists of sand and pebbles glued together with cement. That cement is made from limestone. The lime is heated to around 1450ºC, driving the CO₂ out of the stone and transforming carbonate into oxide. This cement is called Portland Cement, after the Portland quarry in Dorset on the Jurassic Coast in England from which it was first produced in 1824. Since then, the remains of ichthyosaurs have been used to build houses and roads. It is usually heated with coal, another fossil, derived mainly from plants that grew in the Devonian era. Fossil, fossil. Concrete is a versatile material, inexpensive and predictable. It does not catch fire or mould. If reinforced, it is very strong, and provides some insulation. But there are alternatives. The fuel used for heating can be switched from coal to gas, waste, biomass or to electric heating. Whichever fuel is chosen, the roasting of lime still produces CO₂. But concrete is not the only construction material. President Macron has ordered that new public buildings financed by the French state must contain 50 per cent wood or other organic material (such as hemp or straw) by 2022. Wood can be used for load-bearing joists and for exterior walls, even on tall buildings. An 18-storey timber building was completed in 2019, north of Oslo. When biomass is used for vehicle fuel or heating fuel, the carbon goes back into the air. When wood is used for construction, the carbon is stored for as long as the building stands. The construction industry could in principle require other building materials or at least lower-carbon cement. But they usually don’t, as the CO₂ from cement is not included in the environmental reports of the construction companies. Skanska, the fifth biggest construction company in the world, does not even mention cement under sustainability/green/priority-areas/carbon/. Concrete is used in the foundations of buildings, where its function is to be heavy, to keep the building in place. Part of the foundation can be stone, such as granite. Wind power foundations can substitute concrete for rock, or be anchored directly to the rock. Foam glass can provide insulation and is at least as moisture resistant as concrete. Concrete reinforced with steel bars uses another property of Portland cement, its high alkalinity, which protects the iron from corrosion. If the iron is allowed to oxidise it will expand and create cracks in the concrete, and then widen those cracks. If other materials are used as reinforcement, such as glass fibre, carbon fibre, plastic fibre, stainless steel or even cellulose, there is no need for an alkaline environment. Bridges can be built of steel which – unlike concrete – is easily recyclable. They can sometimes be made of composites, i.e. plastics, which are much lighter than concrete. Even if concrete is preferred, its carbon footprint can vary widely. The Pantheon in Rome was constructed 1900 years ago using low-carbon concrete made from volcanic ash. (It was naturally not reinforced, so it did not rust and crack.) Volcanic ash can be used as an additive to Portland cement, up to 50 per cent according to MIT¹. Slag from steel production and fly-ash from coal power have long been used as “supplementary cementitious materials” blended into Portland cement. But there is much more slag and much more ash available. There are more sources: aluminium dross, waste incineration slag, rice hull ash, silica fume, all of which have high alkalinity and can be reinforced with steel. Why is this largely unquantified source of low-carbon cement not used? The construction industry is not very innovative by nature. It is much less dynamic than the engineering industry, where productivity and product development have been much faster. (Just look at cars.) It is difficult to build a house; many things can go wrong, and every change means taking risks. The risk of delays, the risk of later collapse or slow deterioration, risks to health at work, as well as subsequent health risks for the users of the building. Logistics is complicated, so it is easier to use few, well-defined and well-known materials. Ash from industrial by-products may contain hazardous metals. Sweden used large quantities of “blue concrete” gypsum boards for several decades. They were effectively a by-product from uranium mining, and emit radon, which caused thousands of deaths due to lung cancer, and will cause many more. This was a risk that should have been foreseen. But a building material that is unfit in one place may be perfectly acceptable somewhere else. Living-room walls, bridges, rail sleepers, parking lots, harbours, airstrips … they all have different requirements regarding toxicity, strength, resistance to rain and salty winds etc. With more detailed specifications for each use, the CO₂ footprint can be reduced by using more substitutes for Portland cement, which often require less cement per ton of concrete. Why has this not happened? The answer is simple: it is cheap because the price does not include its environmental costs. In the EU, the cement industry is part of the °C trading system. Sort of. It gets free allocations, i.e. it is paid back for all its emissions. In 2018, the cement industry received 114 million tons of free allocations and emitted 111 Mt. Some plants actually pay for some of their emissions, but over-allocation is normal. The allocation is (in theory) benchmarked in line with the 10 per cent best performers, but this obviously does not work in practice. It is justified on the grounds of carbon leakage, i.e. the threat that if Europe and cement producers had to pay for their emissions, they would be at a disadvantage to outside competition. The evidence for such a threat is slim². Cement is a cheap, voluminous product which is normally not transported very far. A Sandbag report summed it up “For cement, free allocation is a solution to a problem that does not exist since the sector has experienced no carbon leakage.” ³ Sandbag has noted that the industry’s carbon intensity rose between 2005 and 2014 and that the present system “offers inadequate short- and long-term incentives to reduce carbon emissions. It … makes investment in low-carbon cement unattractive.” The cement industry – Cembureau and individual companies – has lobbied hard in Brussels and elsewhere, with great success. They lobby hard because they need to. Cement factories are usually built close to quarries. They use big mining, big kilns, big harbours and big ships. They can’t move. They can’t do anything else. So they will use all their market power and political influence to keep things as they are as long as possible. As things stand, they will keep free allocations through 2030. As the climate debate increasingly focuses on 1.5 degrees C, the cement industry has to find some context where Portland cement can appear Paris-compatible. How could that be done? The International Energy Agency relies on CCS for 83 per cent of cumulative emissions reductions in the cement sector in its Energy Technology Perspectives 2017. CCS features high on Cembureau’s low carbon web page⁴. This is in fact the only way they address the core problem, i.e. the CO₂ from lime. The rest are either things that may happen in the future (improved energy efficiency, less carbon-intensive fuels) or are up to somebody else (product efficiency and “downstream”). Cement plants can produce a large and relatively pure stream of CO₂, so there are few places better for CCS. But nobody believes CCS will pay for itself, at least not Heidelberg Cement, which lobbies for billions of euro in government support in Norway and Sweden. A typical estimate says CCS would increase costs by over 50 per cent⁵. A Chatham House report⁶ enumerates six alternatives to Portland cement with a potential to mitigate CO₂ by 50–100%. They are: Low-clinker Portland (ash, slag etc.) Geopolymers (clay) Low-carbonate clinker with calcium silicates Belite clinkers Calcium silicate clinkers Magnesium-based cements Several are now produced on an industrial scale. Costs vary with location, but are thought to be about the same as now. That would mean that much of the problem could probably be solved surer, cheaper and faster than with CCS. There are still more options. Another way to cut the use of cement and its emissions is to use less of it in concrete, with more fine-tuned design of buildings and concrete mixes. Some of the clinker can also be replaced with lime powder, which is mined in the same way but does not go through the kiln. Nature, and man, have developed many ways to glue sand and pebbles together to make a strong and durable mass. Even living bacteria can be used for this purpose. The cohesion of naturally occurring materials can be quite impressive; 1900 million-year-old Scandinavian granite is still in good shape. Healy et al European partnership to investigate trans-sector technological potential to reduce carbon emissions Solvay S.A. (Brussels, Belgium; www.solvay), ArcelorMittal S.A. (Luxembourg;, Evonik Industries AG (Essen, Germany; and LafargeHolcim (Jona, Switzerland; today announce the formation of a new Low Carbon Technology Partnerships Initiative (LCPRi) across the steel, cement and chemicals industries. LCTPi is a set of programs, gathering 150 global businesses and 70 partners under the auspices of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, to accelerate the development of low-carbon technology solutions to stay below the 2°C ceiling. This new partnership will look at the potential synergies that exist between the manufacturing processes of these three energy intensive sectors, and how these synergies could be harnessed to reducing CO2 emissions. As a first step, and following preliminary research, the innovative partnership will produce a study, with the technical support of Arthur D. Little, to identify potential ways to valorize industrial off-gases and other by- products from their manufacturing processes to produce goods with a lower carbon footprint than through the fossil path. The preliminary research already allowed identifying significant potential in selected trans-sector pathways. The study is aimed at bringing a fact-based overview of carbon and energy sources from industrial off-gases (first at a European level), and evaluating the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of different carbon capture and usage (CCU) pathways and their potential. Initial findings from the first step already underway suggest that: • Deploying cross-sector carbon capture and reuse opportunities on an industrial scale – something that does not happen today – could reduce up to 3 GT/y or 7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions • Existing conversion technologies that could be deployed across the three sectors could utilise by- products in the off-gases to create building materials, organic chemicals and fuel. As an example, up to 1–2% (0.4–0.7 Gton/yr) of global anthropogenic CO2 could be reduced with the production of ethanol/methanol alone • Increased availability and greater access to renewable energy sources, would significantly boost net carbon reduction efforts by those three sectors, within a supportive legislative framework • Cross sector carbon capture and reuse should also result in job creation, to be further investigated The study, carried out at European level, is building the ground for similar investigation extended at global level and paves the way for identifying and assessing industrial scale projects on CCU at the interface between the sectors. Stefan Haver, senior vice president Corporate Responsibility of Evonik, said: “Cross-sector initiatives like this offer great opportunities to steer our economies towards improved sustainability and more circularity. That’s why Evonik strongly supports joined actions in low carbon technologies.” Speaking in Marrakech, Michel Bande, Corporate Sustainability Officer and Liaison Delegate WBCSD of Solvay, said “The potential to reduce carbon emissions through better collaboration between the chemicals, steel and cement industries looks promising. European energy-intensive industries could, with new and innovative ways to work together, ultimately produce large volumes of final goods with a reduced carbon footprint. In this arena, the chemical industry is key thanks to its enabling technologies. Indeed, linking large sources of carbon with the expertise and processes of the chemical industry could become crucial to develop ground-breaking solutions helping to reach the 2°C goal. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development is instrumental in supporting the emergence of such partnerships that require long term cooperation and vision shared between industry and society”. Carl de Maré, vice president head of Technology Strategy of ArcelorMittal, said: “We are excited to build a partnership that demonstrates our commitment to developing a low-carbon, circular economy steel business and explores the numerous efficiency opportunities across other energy intensive industries. We believe that steel is a perfect material for the circular economy, but key to exploiting our potential is establishing innovative cross-sector partnerships such as this. This will help us to develop and industrialize carbon re-use technologies, ensuring that waste products created from the steelmaking process are effectively harnessed and re-used, reducing our direct carbon footprint, but also creating commercially valuable products that have a lower carbon footprint than currently available alternatives.” Bernard Mathieu, head Group Sustainable Development of LafargeHolcim, said: “Concrete offers the highest level of life-cycle sustainability performance and we are continuously developing new products and solutions for a low carbon society. This new ambitious partnership will support our mission to cut our net emissions per ton of cement by 40% towards 2030 (versus 1990) and to develop and further deploy low carbon solutions for the construction sector. But to make this a reality, we will need an enabling regulatory framework and support to innovation.” Texas CO2 Capture Demonstration Project Hits Three Million Metric Ton Milestone On June 30, Allentown, PA-based Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. successfully captured and transported, via pipeline, its 3 millionth metric ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) to be used for enhanced oil recovery. This achievement highlights the ongoing success of a carbon capture and storage (CCS) project sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and managed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The project demonstrates how a gas separation technology called vacuum swing adsorption can be implemented into an operating facility. The technology is being used at a hydrogen production facility in Port Arthur, Texas, to capture more than 90 percent of the CO2 from the product streams of two commercial-scale steam methane reformers, preventing its release into the atmosphere. In addition to demonstrating the integration of Air Products’ vacuum swing adsorption technology, the project is also helping to verify that CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is an effective method for permanently storing CO2. CO2-EOR allows CO2 to be stored safely and permanently in geologic formations, while increasing oil production from fields once thought to be exhausted. The CO2 captured from the Port Arthur facility is being used for EOR at the West Hastings Unit (oilfield) in southeast Texas. Injected CO2 is able to dissolve and displace oil residue that is trapped in rock pores. It is estimated that the West Hastings Unit could produce between 60 and 90 million additional barrels of oil using CO2 injection. In total, projects sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy have captured and securely stored more than 12 million metric tons of CO2, equivalent to taking more than 2 million cars off the road for a year. Investing in projects and technologies, such as Air Products’, are critical to paving the way for more widespread use of CCS technologies. The Air Products project is supported through DOE’s Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage (ICCS) program, which is advancing the deployment of CCS technologies for industrial sources at commercial and utility-scale. CCS innovation is important to not only reduce future greenhouse gas emissions from power plants, but it also helps to ensure that U.S. industries are powered in the most efficient, sustainable, and clean way possible, while continuing to use America’s long-standing and abundant energy resources. (US DOE) Scientists find a way to turn carbon dioxide into stone, in potential greenhouse breakthrough Deep in the solidified lava beneath Iceland, scientists have managed an unprecedented feat: They’ve taken carbon dioxide released by a power plant and turned it into rock, and at a rate much faster than laboratory tests predicted. The findings, described in the journal Science, demonstrate a powerful method of carbon storage that could reduce some of the human-caused greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. “These are really exciting results,” said Roger Aines, a geochemist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory who was not involved in the study. “Nobody had ever actually done a large-scale experiment like they’ve done, under the conditions that they did it.” The pilot programme, performed at Reykjavik Energy’s geothermal power plant under a European-US programme called CarbFix, was able to turn more than 95 per cent of carbon dioxide injected into the earth into chalky rock within just two years. “We were surprised,” said study co-author Martin Stute, a hydrologist at Columbia University in New York. “We didn’t expect this. We thought this would be a project that would go on for decades. Maybe 20 years from now, we’d have an answer to the question. But that it happened so fast, and in such a brief period of time, that just blew us away.” When fossil fuels like coal or gas are burned, the carbon stored within them is released into the air in the form of carbon dioxide. This greenhouse gas traps heat in the atmosphere, triggering an increase in global temperatures that threatens polar ice reserves and contributes to rising sea levels. It also increases the acidity of the ocean, hastening the decline of corals and other marine life. Researchers have tried for years to figure out how to get that carbon back into the ground. Carbon dioxide can be pulled out of emissions and injected underground into briny waters or emptied oil and gas reservoirs, but there’s a risk that the gas eventually would seep back into the air or that the injection process itself might crack open a reservoir and allow its contents to escape. Researchers have been looking to get that carbon back into the ground in solid form — something that nature’s been doing for a while, although on a far longer timescale. For humans trying to quickly undo the damage of greenhouse gas emissions, that’s easier said than done. Sandstone does not react much with carbon dioxide. Some lab tests showed that basaltic rock, laid down by volcanic activity, might be more effective but on a scale of centuries, if not longer. An opportunity for a field test arose when the president of Iceland, Olafur Ragnar Grimsson, met researchers at Columbia and expressed his interest in cutting back the country’s carbon dioxide emissions. “This is really the start of this, at the highest level, which is sort of unusual for research projects,” Stute said. Together with Reykjavik Energy, the research team designed an experiment around the Hellisheidi geothermal power plant. In March 2012, they injected 175 tonnes of pure carbon dioxide into an injection well. A few months later, they followed with 73 tonnes of a mix of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. (The team wanted to see whether the process worked even if there were other gases present; if it did, it would save the time and money of having to separate the carbon dioxide out.) The researchers separate the carbon dioxide from the steam produced by the plant and send it to an injection well. The carbon dioxide gets pumped down a pipe that’s actually inside another pipe filled with water from a nearby lake. Hundreds of metres below the ground, the carbon dioxide is released into the water, where the pressure is so high that it quickly dissolves, instead of bubbling up and out. That mix of water and dissolved carbon dioxide, which becomes very acidic, gets sent deeper into a layer of basaltic rock, where it starts leaching out minerals like calcium, magnesium and iron. The components in the mixture eventually recombine and begin to mineralize into carbonate rocks. The basaltic rock is key, the scientists said: Sandstone would not react with carbon dioxide this way. So is the presence of water; if the mix had been pure gas instead of gas dissolved in water, it’s unlikely the basalt would have helped form carbonate rocks — at least, not with such speed. The scientists also injected chemical tracers into the mix, including a type of carbon dioxide made with the heavier, rarer isotope known as carbon-14. They also injected other trace gases such as sulfur hexafluoride, which is inert and does not react much with its surroundings. When the researchers checked the water at monitoring wells later in the experiment, they found that the trace gases were still there (a sign that the water had gotten through) but that the proportion of carbon-14 molecules had significantly declined. As the water had continued to flow through the basaltic layers, the carbon dioxide had been left behind in the rock. While much of this happened underground, the researchers also saw fine crystals of carbonate sticking to the surface of the pump and pipes at the monitoring well. “They look like salt from a salt shaker … on the surface of this gray or black basaltic rock,” Stute said. Based on other laboratory results, the scientists had expected the process to take centuries, if not longer. But the field test showed that this process, under the right conditions, happens at remarkable speed. Source URL: Widening scandal over vehicle emissions threatens climate accord Governments are counting on regulatory action and voluntary pledges by companies to meet climate targets. The scandals and shortcomings involving carmakers show the pitfalls of the strategy. Goals set by governments that signed the Paris climate change agreement last month were based on figures determined to be attainable. A widening scandal involving carmakers that cheated on testing to make their vehicles appear more environmentally friendly than they actually were could weaken the accord or even make it meaningless. About one-fifth of greenhouse gases causing global temperatures to rise come from emissions related to the transport sector. Confidence and trust have been shaken, which is reason for increased oversight and research into better mobility solutions. Millions of cars, most of them diesel, are likely to be recalled for buybacks or repairs. Volkswagen in the US and Mitsubishi in Japan have so far been the biggest casualties, but investigations are now also under way in Europe into diesel vehicles manufactured by Daimler, GM and PSA Peugeot Citroen. About 630,000 cars made by Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Opel, Porsche and VW are voluntarily being recalled to tweak software involved in emissions of nitrogen oxide. There is good reason to suspect that petroldriven vehicles that produce carbon dioxide gases, the main cause of global warming, will be next. VW has been the face of the scandal, its admission last September after US investigations that it had installed software in 11 million diesel cars worldwide to deceive environmental regulators causing outrage. It has set aside US$18.2 billion to deal with the fallout and its share price has plummeted. Mitsubishi Motors’ stock value has also plunged, hit by last month’s revelation that the firm falsified test results to overstate the fuel efficiency of 625,000 vehicles produced for the Japanese market by between five and 10 per cent. What that means for emissions in Japan is unclear, but the US Environmental Protection Agency is more certain about the impact of VW’s cheating; it contends the firm’s diesel cars were emitting up to 40 times more nitrogen oxide than they were supposed to. In Europe, carmakers deny wrongdoing, although a British study has found 37 models, while meeting legal limits in the laboratory, exceed levels by up to 12 times when on the road. Governments are counting on regulatory action and voluntary pledges by companies to meet climate targets. The scandals and shortcomings involving carmakers show the pitfalls of the strategy. Watchdogs have a crucial role in keeping authorities and firms on track. Encouraging the development of better technologies and more sustainable transport systems is as important. Source URL: World’s first waste incinerator with carbon-capture tech Carbon-capture technology has been deployed for the first time as part of a waste incinerator in Norway’s capital Oslo. The experiment at the Klemetsrud incinerator will remove climate-warming carbon dioxide from fumes created by burning industrial and household waste. If successful, the technology could represent a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions if deployed on a larger scale. “I hope Oslo can show other cities that it’s possible,” said the Mayor of Oslo, Marianne Borgen, at an opening ceremony. So far, carbon capture and storage technology has been experimented with in some fossil-fuel-fired power plants, but development has been hindered by high cost. The Klemetsrud waste-to-energy incinerator, which generates heat to warm buildings in the city, produces 300,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide a year – about 0.6 per cent of Norway’s man-made emissions. The experimental carbon capture and storage removal system consists of five containers with a series of pipes and filters through which the exhaust gas is fed. It captures carbon dioxide at a rate of about 2,000 tonnes a year. The experiment will run until the end of April. If the results are positive, a full-scale system could be built by 2020. Operators of the system say the carbon dioxide captured could be shipped to the North Sea and used for enhanced oil and gas recovery. “We see potential in this market across the world,” said Valborg Lundegaard, head of Aker Solutions’ engineering business, which runs the test. The operators have admitted that at the current price of carbon credits, the technology is nowhere near cost-effective. However, they claim that as the incinerator burns largely organic waste from food and wood, it actually removes CO2 from the natural cycle and not only that industrially produced. “It won’t be possible to achieve goals set in the Paris agreement without wide use of negative emissions,” said Frederic Hauge, head of environmental group Bellona. Development of new technologies capable of offsetting the devastating effects of rising temperatures globally was also in the heart of the UN climate talks in Paris in December. Earlier this week, climate scientists confirmed that 2015 was by far the warmest year on record – another extremely hot year in a string that started at the beginning of the 21st century. There is no doubt, the scientists said, that the situation is getting worse and is caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. Despite its potential, carbon capture and storage is still on the fringe. A 2015 report by the Australia-based Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute said there are just 15 big CCS projects in operation worldwide, including a coal-fired power plant run by Canada’s Saskatchewan Power. China’s long-awaited C02 market to cover 10,000 firms Nationwide system on course to be the world’s biggest when it launches in 2017, official says China’s long-awaited nationwide carbon market will cover as many as 10,000 firms and regulate nearly half of the country’s total emissions once launched in 2017, a senior official said on the sidelines of the Paris climate talks yesterday. Jiang Zhaoli, vice-head of the climate office of the state planning agency, the National Development and Reform Commission, said China’s carbon market would become the world’s biggest, and its targets would be higher than those set by the state “in order to guarantee it had sufficient effect”. “When the market begins in 2017 it will already have almost 10,000 firms,” Jiang said. “After 2020, the size will be bigger and will involve more enterprises.” The market would cover 31 provinces, six industrial sectors and 15 sub-industries, and would involve 4 billion tonnes of annual carbon emissions at its launch, amounting to almost half of the country’s total, he said. President Xi Jinping pledged during his visit to the United States in September that China would roll out a nationwide carbon trading scheme by 2017, building on the seven regional pilot markets first introduced in 2013. unnamed (13) Jiang’s comments suggest the market will begin more ambitiously than expected. Previous estimates from market designers suggested it would regulate 3-4 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide a year by the end of its first phase in 2020. While China has included the promotion of “market mechanisms” in its pledges to combat climate change, they remain controversial and were unlikely to be included in a final agreement in Paris, said Su Wei, China’s top climate negotiator, at a briefing in Paris on Saturday. As far as market mechanisms are concerned, we think the market could play a very important role in achieving actions to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climate change Su Wei, China’s top climate negotiator “As far as market mechanisms are concerned, we think the market could play a very important role in achieving actions to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climate change,” he said. “But as to whether there is going to be inclusion in the text of the Paris agreement, we think that that is not the priority,” Su said. “There are a lot of different views about whether we should rely more on non-market mechanisms … and I don’t think that sort of difference should stand in the way of having a successful outcome in the Paris [climate] negotiations.” China’s central government pledged last year to peak carbon output by around 2030, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and offer help to poor countries adapting to the impact of global warming. Source URL:
View Full Version : Rhetoric - Speeches - Construct of Remembrance Wednesday, August 14th, 2019, 06:29 PM It is well known that philosophy is not just about writing but also about making speeches. Why under metaphysics? Because speeches are something that is often controlled by our subconscious. You could argue about that too, philosophy or even psychology? If it overlaps, it's like that. Memorizing speeches, assigning certain things - sayings, corners, curves, circles. House of Remembrance. Or tower of memory. - No matter what form. The more complex, the more places you can assign memories. Cicero has also learned his speeches in this way or strained his memory with cross-references through portraits / Gespste. To rattle one's face, a thing, something reminiscent of a memory, a verse, a sentence, while strolling through its construct of memory, holding there and here, a drawer, a cupboard, or a window Talk down. An event flashes and zack! How do you recall your address or speech? Say, one, two hours of speaking time, perhaps even playing together on the spot, in front of a crowd, let's say a thousand people? ....Argh..Let's go down ... 20, 50 people. Just like that, or do you have something in the background to talk to without looking at a piece of paper. No notes. Cicero is an Authority of ancient Rome. Opponent of Caesar, Crassus, Pompeius. He did not have his list (Caesar).
The Lost Emeralds and The Incas Have you heard of the Incas' lost gold and emeralds? In this article, you will learn about Stewart Connelly, a Red Cross American Volunteer during WWI who discovered one of the world's most valued lost antiques. Post difficulty Post Length Gem-related Field Lost emeralds The First Conquistadors When Pizarro initiated his conquest of the Inca empire in August 1530, he became obsessed with the newly found emeralds in America. He quickly started stealing every stone he could lay his hands on, including temples and ceremonial statues. He removed a huge Inca emerald, the size of an ostrich egg, from the forehead of the goddess Illa Jica, the goddess of creation, who was worshiped in Quito's sun temple. He directs Father Velasquez, who accompanied him, to search for the mines that produce such gems, driven by a morbid desire to own all that will increase his fortune. But the reckless Pizarro had no idea where to look for these extraordinary mines other than a vague spot he had heard of, somewhere deep in the jungle northeast of Quito, near the current Colombian border. Pizarro's troops, who were also insanely fascinated with the yellow metal and this recently discovered brilliant green stone, tortured the Incas and interrogated them about where those mines could be found. Although being tortured, quartered, and dumped into boiling oil, they managed to keep the precious stone's identity secret. The Spaniards were never unable to locate these mines… …Until one day… Francisco Pizzarro. He was the first to begin the Inca conquest, during the 16th century. The Story Of Stewart Connelly The centuries passed until the beginning of the XXth century. Stewart Connelly, a Red Cross American Volunteer during the WWI, read and reread Father Velasquez's notes who was accompanying Pizarro at the time. He spent the majority of his time in South America studying the history of the conquistadors, intrigued by their adventures and the immense treasures they brought back to Spain. Connelly was convinced that the gemstone mines were beyond his grasp. One day, he then decided to discover the mines by himself. He flew to Ecuador, then boarded a banana transporter freighter bound for Guayaquil before transferring to a train heading for Quito. He traveled south after a few weeks, ascending the Andes cordillera and entering the dense jungle. Nine months after Connelly's departure, two Spanish religious from the advanced mission of Ahuana on the Rio Napo saw him, fully naked, swimming desperately across a turbulent river. They noticed him passing out when he reached the shore and then decided to take him to the nearest mission. When Connelly woke up, the first thing he did was reach for the small leather bag that had been slung around his waist. He opened the leather room and pulled out a spectacular dark green emerald weighing approximately 50 carats. He handed it to the mission's Superior, explaining that it was an offering to thank everyone for saving his life. Sculpture of Inca General Ruminahui (1490-1535 CE) in Quito, Ecuador. Did He Really Find The Lost Emeralds? How did Connelly manage to survive in the jungle despite its dangers? According to his report, he came across members of a tribe armed with blowpipes after wandering for a long time. He'd read in Father Velasquez's book that even if strangers were white, Indians would never kill crazy people! As a result, Connely screamed, shrugged, and played his flute when he saw them for the first time (you may have heard of this "flute" legend). He seemed to be so delusional that the indigenous peoples took him in and adopted him. His new hosts told him that a neighbouring tribe, though very far away from their village, lived on land that concealed these green gems, which, however, piqued no one's interest. When Connelly arrived at this new destination, he "introduced" himself in the same way he had done before and was once again rescued by this new tribe. He chose a new tribe companion and began hunting with him. During one of these hunting excursions, he discovered a vein of magnificent emeralds. Connelly picked up some stones of a vivid green he'd never seen before and placed them in the small pouch that Indians use to transport their hunted food. They returned to the village two days later with two hundred pounds of tapir. But Connelly had to return his valuables to the closest city and t o secure his new fortune, he had to convert some of it into cash and return with mules and appropriate equipment. Connelly was surrounded getting close to Quito by an army of treasure hunters and adventure seekers who had all heard his story and wanted to accompany him when he returned to the mine. Connelly and his group of travelers set out from Quito, Ecuador, with six mules equipped with food and ammo for several months. They arrived in Puerto Najo ten days later, where they took a brief break before continuing on their journey. Years passed, and no one saw Stewart Connelly or his associates again. Their fate remains one of the Amazon's mysteries, as the savage Indians continue to menace foreigners who wish to enter their land. Ecuador's dense Amazonian jungle Comments Section Did you find our article interesting? What are your thoughts on the subject? Please do not hesitate to leave a comment! Benjamin Poudevigne Social Media Manager at GemMatrix With over ten years of marketing experience, I finally decided to settle down in Bangkok to work in an area that I have always been interested in: the gemstones industry. I'm still learning how the market works on a daily basis, and I enjoy sharing my experience with those who are interested in learning more about gems in general.
What are mycorrhizae? Mycorrhizae are actually fungus. They exit as very tiny, almost or even entirely. Plants make great garden. Just like we fertilize our gardens. Plants feed their own mycorrhizae plants will take excess sugar produced in the leaves through photosynthesis and sent it to the roots from here, the mycorrhizae are able to absorb it to sustain themselves. There is very little sunlight underground and even if there was the mycorrhizae wouldn’t be able to harvest it like plants because they don’t have the equipment needed for photosynthesis the sugar from the Plant lithely keeps the mycorrhizae feed and alive. Plants are able to get nutrients themselves thought their roots. But they have a limited ability to do so. Their roots need to be in dulcet contact with the soil to absorb the nutrients and plants roots only grow so small fungizone the other hand can get much smaller fungal hyphae can wedge in between individual bits of soil to cover almost every available cubic millimetre of soil this increase surface are and allows the plants much greater access to nutrients than they could get by themselves for mong plants living under difficult condition they wouldn’t be able to survive at all without mycorrhizae roots gold absorb nutrients such as phosphorus and magnesium and bring it dulcetly to the plant roots. Here they exchange the nutrients they collected for some sugar. Any questions? Contact us
Supply And Demand Essay Examples Homeworkway Equally, a century afterwards, Mussolini replicates a related storyline in the creation of Vincere which has a innovative touch to it. supply and demand essay examples The film title in alone embodies areas of revolution as it is Italian for conquer and is concentrated on expounding on dictatorship in Italy beneath the Socialist celebration governance by inferring on the biopic of a leader’s relationship supply and demand essay examples that is reflective of the overburdening trysts in the country. Vincere is a classical release on the everyday living of a hated chief which is brought to the massive monitor by adoption of a satirical glamorized element of horrific gatherings of a leader supply and demand essay examples that is hated by a vast majority of his people today. The initially come supply and demand essay examples across with the rich Italian culture is 1st introduced to us in Senso is offered by the 1st act that opens with an opera overall performance in La supply and demand essay examples Fenice prior to the place receiving its flexibility from the oppressive keep of the Austrian Empire. The opera in engage in is Il trovatore by Verdi whose refrain have a innovative touch that is concentrated on resisting the Austrians. Conversantly, the variation amongst the rich and weak is portrayed at this stage by an array of anti-Austrian leaflets traveling in the air to the distinct sitting down supply and demand essay examples positions in the opera when at the exact time targeted on women oppression by undermining and warning of their supply and demand essay examples dressing code. It progressively transitions into expounding on the really like life of Livia who is the Serpieri Countless. • 5 Paragraph Essay Writing • Essay Buy Online • Dissertation Thesis Writing • Write Dissertation Paper • Help Writing My Dissertation On the other hand, Vincere also embodies factors of the opera and supply and demand essay examples opens instantly into inferring on the energetic lifetime of Benito Mussolini in a horrific manner that is keen on conveying the top secret existence of the chief and partnership to Ida Dalser with an operatic contact. A supply and demand essay examples terrific prolong of Vincere’s creation is develop on utilizing the operatic sound notes that contain a clamoring inflammation and swooping of the songs through the film. Phd Dissertation Editing Service Reflectively, this design and style is categorical with the 1930’s Italian movie reels that supply and demand essay examples are targeted on propaganda from this era currently being juxtaposed in a masterful way with great scenes of victims holed in mental hospitals that is compared supply and demand essay examples to the billowing and subsiding voices of the opera in the movie. Both movies go an further mile of portraying the function and placement of women of all ages in society in two various instances with a comparative inference on their purpose in culture not acquiring changed much irrespective of the supply and demand essay examples best that it is a number of decades later on. Senso depicts the nineteenth Century notion of gals in society as getting newborn carriers and supply and demand essay examples chattels who were being not permitted their democratic legal rights that gave increase to nationalism girls who were keen on mapping supply and demand essay examples a path for future girls. In this circumstance, Livia the countess is in several scenes of the movie still left out when it will come to occasions of activities that are tied to both of those social and political proponents. Essay Writing Can Money Buy Happiness Her everyday living frequently is prepared for her as she organized an aristocratic marriage to supply and demand essay examples a male who is way more mature and in numerous scenarios is portrayed in a melodramatic way that depicts her as supply and demand essay examples an infidel out to only satisfy her sexual desires by falling in really like with Franz. Furthermore, Visconti depicts gals in a demeaning fashion by portraying them as prostitutes who males use as vessels of asserting their masculinity and ego as was the case of Franz who turned to prostitutes as a suggests of his possess self-assertion. In Vincere’s case, the feminine intercourse is expressed by the character of Dalser who is subjugated by Mussolini just before he ascends to power in that she sells all that in her possession so as to finance a Socialist newspaper that backs her lovers’ management ideals. The woman’s graphic is portrayed as currently being determined for notice of males thinking of the need by Dalser to be reassured that she is beloved. However, the movie has a one of a kind way of connecting sexual intercourse with the struggle that emasculates to historical past creating the tense sexual visuals between the two lover transitions into an impression of progressively marching soldiers consequently developing a website link between the troubled romantic relationship and the situation at the battleground. The best of a classical score by Crivelli staying utilized in Vincere coupled with elements of authenticated period contact and the exceptional performing, the movie closely borders to melodrama but the key character in the film provides it an definitely different feel. Bellochio cuts small the feeling of melodrama in the movie with the intensity he provides to the movie. Senso on the other hand is performed as an agonized enjoy story that is built on the backdrop of a broad pool of background whereby neorealism has been utilized in the most great of strategies. In its output the styled grandeur of Italy is not still left out in the variety and settling for sets for distinct scenes realism is utilized in the film generation and incorporated with aspects of melodrama to arrive up with an excellent piece that encompasses really like and war in a mutually enriching proponents to come up with a fantastic movie.
Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero. Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary. Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell. Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS. Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones. A characteristic symptom complex. Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin. Congenital structural abnormalities of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female. The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell. Congenital structural abnormalities and deformities of the musculoskeletal system. Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth. An infant during the first month after birth. Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY. Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES. The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition. Examination of CHROMOSOMES to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. Following preparation of the sample, KARYOTYPING is performed and/or the specific chromosomes are analyzed. Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease. Actual loss of portion of a chromosome. Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer. A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular analysis of the CHROMOSOMES, and location of the GENES on chromosomes, and the movements of chromosomes during the CELL CYCLE. Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic. Mice bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals. Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality. Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. Birth defect that results in a partial or complete absence of the CORPUS CALLOSUM. It may be isolated or a part of a syndrome (e.g., AICARDI'S SYNDROME; ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME; ANDERMANN SYNDROME; and HOLOPROSENCEPHALY). Clinical manifestations include neuromotor skill impairment and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY of variable severity. A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213) Congenital structural abnormalities of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain. Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. Congenital structural deformities of the upper and lower extremities collectively or unspecified. A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. A diagnostic technique that incorporates the measurement of molecular diffusion (such as water or metabolites) for tissue assessment by MRI. The degree of molecular movement can be measured by changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with time, as reflected by tissue microstructure. Diffusion MRI has been used to study BRAIN ISCHEMIA and tumor response to treatment. Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240) The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization. A variation from the normal set of chromosomes characteristic of a species. A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves. The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood. Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions. Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents. Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all lobes with corresponding regions of the opposite hemisphere. The corpus callosum is located deep in the longitudinal fissure. Disease having a short and relatively severe course. A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions. Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence. Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury. A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1. Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations. Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation. The use of diffusion ANISOTROPY data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging results to construct images based on the direction of the faster diffusing molecules. A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures. Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed) A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects. Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light. Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the maxilla and face or facial bones. Congenital structural abnormalities of the respiratory system. The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the jaw. The medium-sized, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group C in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 and the X chromosome. X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs. Percutaneous transabdominal puncture of the uterus during pregnancy to obtain amniotic fluid. It is commonly used for fetal karyotype determination in order to diagnose abnormal fetal conditions. Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for auditory, olfactory, and semantic processing. It is located inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE. Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions. One of the two pairs of human chromosomes in the group B class (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 4-5). A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification. Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH. Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth. Use of reflected ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologic processes. The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus. A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.) Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state. Diseases affecting the eye. Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the mouth. The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development. Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM. Abnormalities in the development of the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These include malformations arising from abnormal neuronal and glial CELL PROLIFERATION or APOPTOSIS (Group I); abnormal neuronal migration (Group II); and abnormal establishment of cortical organization (Group III). Many INBORN METABOLIC BRAIN DISORDERS affecting CNS formation are often associated with cortical malformations. They are common causes of EPILEPSY and developmental delay. Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot. Collection of pooled secretions of the posterior vaginal fornix for cytologic examination. A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth. The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN. The middle third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 15th through the 28th completed week (99 to 196 days) of gestation. The observable response an animal makes to any situation. Mice which carry mutant genes for neurologic defects or abnormalities. Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES. The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype. The medium-sized, acrocentric human chromosomes, called group D in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 13, 14, and 15. Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132). A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5) Postmortem examination of the body. Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).
Christopher Columbus statue vandalized in London Debate has increased in recent years over the focus of the day, and the heritage and plight of indigenous peoples subjugated by European settlers. It coincides with similar controversies regarding statues and colonial-era symbols in the United States, Britain, and several other countries. A number of American cities including Los Angeles, San Francisco, Denver, and Portland, Oregon, have replaced Columbus Day with - or added - a holiday honoring indigenous people.
This short reminiscence does not seek to describe the occasional petrol shortage, real, imagined or contrived, that has beset this country from time to time. Many of us can remember the queues round the block, the fights at filling stations, and the woman who queued for hours to replenish the half litre that she had used to drive from her house to the petrol pumps. My intention is to describe the Great Sugar Shortage that is part of the history of Harold Wilson's Golden Days, and the subsequent but by no means inevitable shortages of other commodities. The sugar shortage came about when two events coincided. The first was a failure of the German sugar beet crop that was due to unsuitable weather and disease. The second was that the Commonwealth Sugar Agreement was up for renewal. The system was that the British Government, anxious to promote the stability and prosperity of the newly independent cane sugar producing countries in the Caribbean, would purchase an agreed amount of sugar at a fixed price over a fixed period. Now that the review date had come round, the producers' governments wanted to to take advantage of the high price caused by the beet sugar shortage, while the British Government, representing the consumers, did not wish to commit in the long term to a high price that would probably be only temporary. [A digression. Napoleon, because of the Royal Navy's blockade of the continental ports, offered a large reward to anyone who could find a commercially viable way of extracting sugar from beet. The prize was won by a German chemist. The effect was to reduce the price of sugar permanently, including the price of slave-produced cane sugar. Thus the profitability of the West Indies sugar plantations was reduced, and hence the value of slave labour. One does not wish to decry the noble efforts of the anti-slavery campaigners, but one cannot admire the sanctimoniousness of the British Parliament in abolishing slavery. The slave-owners, by the way, were recompensed by an amount representing approximately half a year's government income; this they invested in the Chinese opium trade.] While discussions were in progress, there was a genuine shortage of sugar in British shops. Notices were placed outside: “No Sugar”. Customers were being limited to two pounds at a time. That is usually how much sugar anyone would normally purchase anyway. But people were dashing from shop queue to shop queue. My friend's wife, H, was still using sugar purchased during the shortage when she died some forty years later. One bedroom had been converted into a sugar store. It might have been safer if she had stored gunpowder instead! It must be remembered that Britain has a considerable sugar beet industry of its own. I have seen huge trucks nose to tail waiting to discharge their loads of beet into the gigantic processing plant at Raunds in Northamptonshire. Eventually the Government reached a new agreement with the producers; the new German harvest was plentiful; and prices came down. However, nobody was buying sugar because they had all bought huge quantities during the panic. A columnist in a provincial newspaper, attempting to satirise public behaviour during the sugar shortage, wrote a column predicting that there was going to be a salt shortage because the Siberian salt miners had gone on strike. That story “went viral” as we say these days. People would queue for hours if they heard that a shop had had a delivery. Yet how often does anybody buy salt? Salt supplies in this country are mostly got from Cheshire. Water is pumped into underground salt deposits, the resulting solution is pumped back out, and the salt is recovered by evaporation. You can pay a lot more for “sea salt”, but the Cheshire salt deposits must have been sea salt once. Anyway, the Cheshire manufacturers went over to twenty-four-hour production, and shiploads were imported, until everybody had so much salt that they did not know what to do with it. Most of it ended up being flung on footpaths the following winter. That is not the end of the story. A humorist in a parish magazine suggested that the mass panic caused by the previous shortages would have caused a loosening of public bowels, and that there would consequently be a run on toilet paper. Facetious? No, it was taken deadly seriously. For several weeks it became almost impossible to obtain toilet paper. It was being stolen from office facilities and public conveniences. There were queues; there was rationing; there were fights. Outside our ports ships were lining up to discharge cargoes of foreign-made bogroll. I remember buying toilet rolls labelled in Finnish, and once even in Devanagari script. Finally, in desperation, I bought kitchen rolls and sawed them in half. Yet British manufacturers were working three shifts a day and they could not have produced any more. In her old age H was using forty-year-old bumwad. It strikes me that an enemy of this country does not need to attack the public with bombs or samurai swords, or to subvert hard-won commercial and diplomatic agreements. There is an easier way to cause chaos. But perhaps I have said too much. web software Email (admin): Email (wisdom of the aged):
Alcoholism can be difficult to identify. Overconsumption is commonplace and stereotypical images of alcoholics paint a picture of someone whose life is in shambles because of it. In truth, alcoholism can range in severity and many people who struggle with it appear to be fine on the surface. They have jobs, friends, relationships, and hobbies they engage in, but “high-functioning” alcoholics still struggle with substance-related issues. These issues may not show themselves in the way you anticipate. It is also not uncommon to see the issue of alcoholism dismissed because other aspects of a person’s life are put well together. There’s an element of denial that grants a kind of permission to keep overindulging because you still have it together in some ways. While you may be able to balance responsibilities with overconsumption for some time, it will eventually all catch up. Signs of Alcoholism There are numerous indicators that may suggest a person is struggling with alcoholism. While there are plenty of people who are able to use alcohol without developing a dependency, not everyone is able to do so. Some behaviors can worsen over time and lead to the development of an addiction. Some indicators that casual use may be turning into something else may include: • Drinking alone: While some people may have a drink alone to unwind after a stressful day, regularly engaging in this behavior alone can indicate a deeper issue is emerging. Compared to having a drink with friends or family, drinking alone is usually a method of coping with unwanted feelings. It usually indicates that a problem exists that the person may not want to address. Rather than facing it, alcohol is a means of escaping it. It serves as a form of self-medication, but ultimately worsens a person’s state of being. • Binge drinking: Although binge drinking is popularized in college culture, the act of binge drinking is incredibly dangerous. Overconsumption of alcohol in a short period of time can pose serious health risks for the person and may endanger those around them as well. Binge drinking can cause serious health problems that may have life-long consequences. • Using alcohol to cope with stress: Alcohol is often used as a means of coping with stress. While it may provide temporary relief, it can actually worsen a person’s experiences. Alcohol is a depressant that can cause negative side effects on its own. Combined with how a person is feeling while they are consuming it, it can actually exacerbate symptoms. Using alcohol as a means of escaping negative emotions does not allow a person to fully process them and work through them. Rather than developing healthy coping mechanisms, they seek an escape through alcohol that does more harm than good. • Increased tolerance: Drinking large amounts of alcohol will increase tolerance over time. This means that a person must consume larger quantities of alcohol in order to achieve the same effects. Because of this, a person is more likely to develop a dependency or health issues related to alcohol consumption. • Risky behavior: Dependency on alcohol can cause a person to engage in dangerous behaviors. Driving under the influence, drinking heavily the night before an important day, or increased conflict in personal relationships may indicate a problem is developing, especially if you continue to use in spite of this. Am I An Alcoholic? There are numerous other signs or indicators that a person is struggling with alcoholism. Some of these may include: • Experiencing legal trouble as a result of drinking • Losing interest in activities you once enjoyed • Feeling the need to drink • Experiencing cravings for alcohol • Having withdrawal symptoms • Not having control over consumption While not all of these symptoms have to be present to indicate a problem with alcohol, the more a person struggles with these, the more likely professional help may be needed. Those who struggle with alcoholism tend to spend a great deal of time acquiring, using, or thinking about it, often sacrificing other responsibilities in favor of it. However, not everyone who struggles with alcoholism will exhibit extreme symptoms. Some may be able to still fulfill responsibilities simultaneously. It is important to note any changes in a person’s life that may indicate that alcohol has become a priority. With alcohol abuse, early intervention is crucial to circumventing life-long problems. Seeking Help If you feel like your drinking is interfering with your motivation at work, relationships with friends or family, legal or emotional well-being, your safety or just life in general, it may be worth reaching out for help. Whether that help is therapy, outpatient treatment, counseling, or just someone to listen, seek more information so you can have your questions answered and get the help you need. Pin It on Pinterest Share This Call Now
Monday, July 15, 2019 Just Finished Reading - Raising the White Flag From the Civil War's beginning, throughout its deadly course, and to its bitter end, surrenders occurred. Some surrenders were famous, like those at Fort Sumter, Vicksburg, and Appomattox. But, what about on the field of combat when one soldier got the best of another and demanded he give up? What about situations when surrenders are demanded, rejected, and then a massacre occurs? These issues, and many more, are covered in the trailblazing study Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War by David Silkenat. Civil War officers had little precedence to go on when it came to surrenders. As Silkenat explains early in the book, there was no true textbook model for how to go about surrendering or demanding surrender. However, the Fort Sumter incident did provide an example for how future surrenders (on a large scale) should ideally play out. It was typical for Civil War surrenders to be initiated by the demand of the subjugating forces rather than it being offered up by the subjugated force. And, another point that seemed to bear importance was the issue of surrendering to someone of equal or higher military rank. There appears to have been no real loss of honor in surrender situations where there was a true attempt at resistance or when a military leader believed further resistance was futile and he accepted the same fate as his men. But, when commanders "gave up the fort" without a shot being fired, or they fled, leaving others to "do the deal" of surrendering, they could expect a healthy dose of criticism by their soldiers and citizens alike. The most illuminating chapter, in my opinion, is Chapter 3, "Instinctively My Hands Went Up: Soldiers, Agency, and Surrender on the Battlefield." In it Silkenat explores surrender on the small scale. From the soldier's-eye-view in the heat of combat there was not often the time or opportunity to consider the pros and cons of demanding or offering one's surrender. When soldiers believed that they had a reasonable chance for a quick prisoner exchange they were more likely to surrender, however, as the exchange cartel broke down with Confederate refusal to treat black prisoners as legitimate soldiers, fighting men tended to battle more desperately and refuse the enemy's surrender demands. In addition, soldiers who were viewed as outside of conventional (white, regular, loyal) warfare bounds, such as African Americans, guerrillas, or Southern Unionists, sometimes were not afforded the ability to surrender. Other chapters in the book focus on soldier surrenders at the Battle of Gettysburg, a comparison of Grant and Forrest and their understanding of "unconditional surrender," surrender and the "hard war," and looks at the final surrenders at Appomattox, Bennett Place, and others across the South. Surrender still makes its way into our current events. Prisoner of war soldiers in our current war zones, and the president's comments on Sen. John McCain's Vietnam capture not being heroic in his eyes, keep the issue of military surrenders on our minds. But when it comes to the Civil War, Silkenat summarizes things well with the book's last paragraph: "Recognizing the central role of surrender in the Civil War requires some reconsideration of what being American means. If Americans define themselves as a people who never give up, never compromise, and never surrender, what does it mean that during one of the defining events in the nation's history, Americans surrendered in droves? For many modern Americans, 'take no prisoners' and 'never surrender' function as mantras, signifying their ideological purity and relentless work ethic. Yet if we are to learn anything from the Civil War generation, we might come to see surrender not as a sign of weakness but as a hallmark of humanity." In a conflict in which about one in every four soldiers experienced surrender it is astounding that the topic has not been the focus of a book-length study until now. Raising the White Flag is an important work in the field. Hopefully it will provide a scholarly opening for future historians to explore other aspects of this topic (like how surrender played out differently in different campaigns or theaters, etc.). I highly recommend it. No comments: Post a Comment
Cute in japanese culture After the experiment, participants were debriefed about the purpose of the study. Misfortunes seldom come alone; "When it rains, it pours" Notes: Kawaii is also an effort to relive an idealized childhood Kinsella, The time to complete the task in seconds was logarithmically transformed to meet the criteria for normality. The dissemination of Japanese youth fashion and "kawaii culture" is usually associated with the Western society and trends set by designers borrowed or taken from Japan. The first shoji and kawaii illustrator was Yumeji Takehisa in Rakka eda ni kaerazu, hakyou futatabi terasazu Literally: Kawaii is a conversation between cultures. There is an overwhelming amount of modern items featuring kawaii themes, not only in Japan, but worldwide. How Kawaii culture is changing the world The interconnectedness of today's world via the Internet has taken kawaii to new heights of exposure and acceptance, producing a kawaii "movement". State Department warned that "sophisticated and organized prostitution networks target vulnerable Japanese women and girls. Shojo culture, and by extension kawaii culture, encourages girls to identify with a group. Even a fool may be good at something I can't think of another way of putting this. Kawaii is anything that stirs feelings of love, care, and protectiveness. People who take part in this fashion trend wear accessories such as multicolor hair pins, bracelets, rings, necklaces, etc. The social media savvy mom has amassed more thanfollowers on Instagram and published her own recipe book. NHKthe public broadcaster, has its own cute mascots. What does kawaii mean. Results and Discussion Table 1 summarizes the mean rating scores in Experiment 1along with those in the other experiments. It's often about endowing seemingly mundane things with personality. This mindset pursues a global market, [44] giving rise to numerous applications and interpretations in other cultures. My Japanese high school students try explaining to me why pastel drawings of depression and death are cute. It was the second week of summer vacation in Japan, and I was trying to stay awake while. Explore the Japan Pavilion’s Newest Exhibit – Kawaii: Japan’s Cute Culture In Japanese, the word kawaii has a meaning that sits more or less at the juncture of "cute," "tiny," or "lovable." The cute aesthetic—with its bold, nearly cartoon-like lines and rounded forms—informs a large segment of Japanese popular culture. Kawaii’s Comedown: Japan’s Culture of Cute Sports Up Kawaii's shift out of pink is cut with the same sense of sportiness seen in Western markets — but is armed with political motive. Japan - Arts & Culture [Japanese Art, Illustration etc] by ggmossgirl. These were found in a recent book by collector Hiroki Hayashi entitled "Antique Cute Post Cards in Japan" (Nippon no kawaii ehagaki). Michael Thomsen. Japan - Arts & Culture [Japanese Art, Illustration etc]. Modern Japan is a wild mix of old and new. Fascination with Japanese schoolgirl culture hiding a darker side? The list of world-famous Japanese people grows longer every day. Anime and J-Pop are popular on a global scale. The Rise of Japan's Creepy-Cute Craze that it sprung out from a trend in “cute handwriting,” but that soon child-like cuteness became the dominant pop culture and fashion aesthetic of the. Cute in japanese culture Rated 3/5 based on 73 review It's all Kawaii: Cuteness in Japanese Culture – GeekOut - Blogs
You are here Google’s new advertising claims to preserve user privacy, but it still gathers and processes the details of our online activities. (Shutterstock) David Murakami Wood, Queen's University, Ontario and David Eliot, Queen's University, Ontario In March 2021, Google announced that it was ending support for third-party cookies, and moving to “a more privacy first web.” Even though the move was expected within the industry and by academics, there is still confusion about the new model, and cynicism about whether it truly constitutes the kind of revolution in online privacy that Google claims. Read more: Google’s scrapping third-party cookies – but invasive targeted advertising will live on To assess this, we need to understand this new model and what is changing. The current advertising technology (adtech) approach is one in which platform corporations give us a “free” service in exchange for our data. The data is collected via third-party cookies downloaded to our devices, that allow a browser to record our internet activity. This is used to create profiles and predict our susceptibility to specific ad campaigns. Recent advances have allowed digital advertisers to use deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence (AI) wherein humans do not set the parameters. Although more powerful, this is still consistent with the old model, relying on collecting and storing our data to train models and make predictions. Google’s plans go further still. Patents and plans All corporations have their secret sauce, and Google is more secretive than most. However, patents can reveal some of what they’re up to. After an exploration of Google patents, we found U.S. patent US10885549B1, “Targeted advertising using temporal analysis of user-specific data”: a patent for a system that predicts the effectiveness of ads based on a user’s “temporal data,” snapshots of what a user is doing at a specific point instead of indiscriminate mass data collection over a longer time period. We can also make inferences by examining work from other organizations. Research funded by adtech company Bidtellect demonstrated that long-term historical user data is not necessary to generate accurate predictions. They used deep learning to model users’ interests from temporal data. Alongside contextual advertising — which displays ads based on the content of the website on which they appear — this could lead to more privacy-conscious advertising. And without storing personally identifiable information, this approach would be compliant with progressive laws like the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Read more: It's time we demanded the protection of our personal data Google has also released some information through the Google Privacy Sandbox (GPS), a set of public proposals to restructure adtech. At its core are Federated Learning Cohorts (FLoCs), a decentralized AI system deployed by the latest browsers. As the Google AI blog explains, federated learning differs from traditional machine learning techniques that collect and process data centrally. Instead, a deep learning model is downloaded temporarily onto a device, where it trains on our data, before returning to the server as an updated model to be combined with others. With FLoCs, the deep learning model will be downloaded to Google Chrome browsers, and analyze local browser data. It then sorts the user into a “cohort,” a group of a few thousand users sharing a set of traits identified by the model. It makes an encrypted copy of itself, deletes the original and sends the encrypted copy back to Google, leaving behind only a cohort number. Since each cohort contains thousands of users, Google maintains that the individual becomes virtually unidentifiable. Person holding phone while working on laptop Highly detailed local browser data is collected and then aggregated with the data from thousands of other people. (Shutterstock) Cohorts and concerns In this new model, advertisers don’t select individual characteristics to target, but instead advertise to a given cohort, as Google’s Github page explains. Although FLoCs may sound less effective than collecting our individual data, Google claims they realize “95 per cent of the conversions per dollar spent when compared with cookie-based advertising.” The bidding process for ads will also take place on the browser, using another system codenamed “Turtledove.” Soon, Google adtech will all work this way, contained on a web browser, making constant ad predictions based on our most recent actions, without collecting or storing personally identifiable information. We see three key concerns. First, this is only part of a much larger AI picture Google is building across the internet. Through Google Analytics, for example, Google continues to use data gained from individual website-based first-person cookies to train machine learning models and potentially build individual profiles. Secondly, does it matter how an organization comes to “know” us? Or is it the fact that it knows? Google is giving us back legally acceptable individual data privacy, however it is intensifying its ability to know us and commodify our online activity. Is privacy the right to control our individual data, or for the essence of ourselves to remain unknown without consent? The final issue concerns AI. The limitations, biases and injustice around AI are now a matter of widespread debate. We need to understand how deep learning tools in FLoCs group us into cohorts, attribute qualities to cohorts and what those qualities represent. Otherwise, like every previous marketing system, FLoCs could further entrench socio-economic inequalities and divisions. The Conversation David Murakami Wood, Associate Professor in Sociology, Queen's University, Ontario and David Eliot, Masters Student, Queen's University, Ontario "Voices of the RSC” is a series of written interventions from Members and Officials of the Royal Society of Canada. The articles provide timely looks at matters of importance to Canadians, expressed by the emerging generation of Canada’s academic leadership. Opinions presented are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Royal Society of Canada.
Short biography Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri, to a well- to-do family with roots in the northeastern United States.Подробнее His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, but he is I better known by his pen name, Mark Twain.Подробнее The American south includes the southeastern states and the southern states along the Gulf of Mexico. American south is a unique region with its distinctive culture, tradition and history.Подробнее The world depression of the 1930s affected most of the population of the United States.Подробнее Scott Edward Adkins was born in Sutton Coldfield, England on 17 June 1976 into a family of butchers. He has Spanish descent because of his grandmother.Подробнее Although American prose between the wars experimented with viewpoint and form, Americans wrote more realistically, on the whole, than did Europeans.Подробнее
Important lesson that you learned from studying Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina Important lesson that you learned from studying Hurricane Katrina Order Instructions: Hurricane Katrina is still discussed regularly although it occurred in 2005. What is the most important lesson that you learned from studying Hurricane Katrina? The city of New Orleans and other coastal communities in Katrina’s path remain significantly altered more than a decade after the storm, both physically and culturally. The damage was so extensive that some pundits had argued, controversially, that New Orleans should be permanently abandoned, even as the city vowed to rebuild. The population of New Orleans fell by more than half in the year after Katrina, according to Data Center Research. As of this writing, the population had grown back to nearly 80 percent of where it was before the hurricane. Katrina first formed as a tropical depression in Caribbean waters near the Bahamas on August 23, 2005. It officially reached hurricane status two days later, when it passed over southeastern Miami as a Category 1 storm. The tempest blew through Miami at 80 miles per hour, where it uprooted trees and killed two people. Katrina then weakened to a tropical storm, since hurricanes require warm ocean water to sustain speed and strength and begin to weaken over land. However, the storm then crossed back into the Gulf of Mexico, where it quickly regained strength and hurricane status. (Read a detailed timeline of how the storm developed.) We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form! Author: admin Unlike most other websites we deliver what we promise; • Our Support Staff are online 24/7 • Our Writers are available 24/7 • Most Urgent order is delivered with 6 Hrs Type of paper Academic level Subject area Number of pages Paper urgency Cost per page:
Monday, October 25, 2021 Will the Pay Gap Ever Close? - Advertisement - Although it certainly feels like society is taking strides to recognize and eliminate gendered pay gaps, World Economic Forum predicted in a 2020 report it will be 257 years before we see pay equality between men and women — a figure that has grown by more than five decades since their last edition of the same report. So, the answer to the question, “will the pay gap ever close?” is likely yes. However, those of us born well before the year 2277 are interested in understanding what organizations can do in the shorter term to address the causes of the pay gap and implement solutions to bring it to a close. The State of the Pay Gap in the U.S. As Business Insider reports, women made about 82 cents per dollar men made in 2019 — a difference of just under 18 percent. However, it’s also important to note other factors affect the size of the pay gap, including: • Geographical location: The pay gap varies by state, and the discrepancy is even bigger in major U.S. cities. • Race: Latin-American women make just 53 percent of what White men do, while Black women make just 61 percent. Asian women earn 91 percent of White men’s compensation, while White women earn 78 percent. • Age: Although the gap exists at every age, there tends to be less discrepancy between the wages of younger workers and more discrepancy between the wages of older employees. As we can see, there’s no one-size-fits-all experience when it comes to the pay gap. Important factors like race, age, location and industry all interact in a dynamic way to determine the average degree of income discrepancy by gender. What Factors Are Perpetuating the Pay Gap? According to Pew Research, a few factors contributing to the ongoing nature of the gender pay gap include: • Women often still trail men in terms of job market experience. • Women have double the likelihood of working part time as men do. • Women tend to take off more time from their careers, often in a caretaking capacity. • Women still tend to work in lower-paying occupations than men. What Can Companies Do to Close the Pay Gap? The good news is that taking measures to close the pay gap, on top of being the ethical thing to do, tends to be a win-win proposition for companies and workforces alike. As one expert points out for the Society of Human Resources Management, taking steps to achieve pay equity can be costly — but so, too, is employee turnover stemming from dissatisfaction. When employees are compensated fairly for their work, they tend to stick around and even move into key leadership roles within companies. This is precisely why so many organizations today are prioritizing closing the pay gap so as to move closer to equity. The first step is always taking stock of where your enterprise stands in terms of pay using an audit. This will provide a crystal-clear understanding of how your company sets salaries and how employees within similar roles stack up in terms of compensation. Furthermore, companies can then take action to correct inequalities discovered during the audit process — which, by the way, is something that may need to be repeated ever so often to keep the organization on course to meet its parity goals. Hiring practices also play a leading role in gender and racial pay gaps, which is why many organizations are no longer asking about salary history — something that is even banned in certain states and cities around the U.S. This simple step can help stop an ongoing cycle of underpayment, instead setting salaries based on industry norms and qualifications of candidates. Will the pay gap ever close? It can, provided organizations take targeted steps toward reaching pay parity. However, it will likely be an ongoing process rather than something that happens overnight. - Advertisement - Avatil Binshtok Avital Andrews from Miami, FL is a technical, business writer as well as a journalist who writes for different authority websites online to provide researched and stats based content to provide authentic information to the users around the world. 😐 New York clear sky 22.7 ° C 25.3 ° 19.9 ° 69 % 1 % 22 ° 21 ° 18 ° 16 ° 14 °
What are the acquired factors of hearing impairment? 1. Children with trauma should be tested for hearing loss after trauma. 2. Infection Deafness caused by infection is mainly mumps, which is common between 2 and 10 years old.The virus “prefers” to invade the auditory nerve. Deafness often occurs 2 to 3 weeks before, during or after the onset. It is often manifested as unilateral severe sensorineural deafness or even total deafness, but most of them are deaf on one side.Diao Mingfang, Department of Otolaryngology, Naval General Hospital 3. Ototoxic drugs are also common factors that cause deafness.There are many deaf children who are deaf after taking medicine. Many of them have the same experience: they have had injections, infusions or some drugs before deafness.The use of gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, etc. should be avoided as much as possible. 4. Noisy children who are exposed to the roar of machines, firecrackers, loud noises in the disco, various noises, etc. for a long time will cause damage to the hair cells of the inner ear, cause rapid hearing loss, and cause noise-induced deafness.Parents should pay attention to the child’s speech and behavior. If the child is found to be unresponsive, introverted, not talkative, and others must speak loudly to hear, they must go to the hospital for a hearing screening. If hearing impairment is found, they should be treated as soon as possible. Only better results can be obtained. (Author: Diao Mingfang) Leave a Reply
Dental implants. The profession of prosthodontist. Every time we need a dental prosthesis, such as a dental bridge, a crown, an implant, we have to refer to a prosthodontist; a prosthodontist is a specialised dentist, who has completed a dental school plus at least three additional years of advanced training and education in prosthodontic. Usually, a prosthodontist is recognised as an oral architect, as someone that can lead a team of dentists, specialists and technicians to restore teeth, gums and every oral and mouth structure and tissue. Even if many dental problems and restorations can be treated and performed by a general dentist, a prosthodontist is trained and qualified to correct all problems related to dental and oral deteriorations, congenital dysfunctions, missing teeth or oral maxillofacial tissues, consequences of traumas and injuries. Nowadays, teeth and mouth deterioration is usually a consequence of age, since the average life has lengthened; everyday tension or physical dysfunctions can cause temporomandibular joint disorders and bruxism; teeth can be lost because of cavities, periodontal diseases, injuries or severe pathologies like cancer or diabetes. In all these cases, and many others, a prosthodontist is a dentist who can restore the mouth and the teeth, providing the most comprehensive care to patients. prosthodontistProsthodontics. The work. Prostho’ means replacement and ‘dontist’ means dealing with teeth; a prosthodontist is a dentist with special training in making replacements to restore the patient’s appearance, comfort, and health, using devices made up of biocompatible materials. A prosthodontist has a complete competence in using state-of-the-art procedures as well as managing aesthetic and cosmetic issues; the goal of this specialised dentist is to improve the patient’s smile, both from the aesthetic and functional point of view. Implant dentistry. The importance of the prosthodontic. A prosthodontist is trained in many dental treatments, from the most simple to the most complex procedure: prosthodontists can fix broken, discolored or misshapen teeth applying techniques such as teeth whitening, bonding and veneers; they provide dental crowns, cups used to preserve fragile teeth, dental bridges and partial or complete dentures, devices used to replace one or more missing teeth. Dental implants are among the most important and innovative devices to replace missing teeth, and this technology has improved greatly over the last years, thanks to the pioneering techniques of prosthodontists. Prosthodontist. Other areas. For any cosmetic or restorative treatment, a prosthodontic is the best choice in order to obtain the best results and get functional and aesthetic solutions that have to last long.
Instant Download (Digital PDF Charts) * Free shipping (contiguous US) * No sales tax (except TX) Pierre Auguste Renoir, uncropped image.jpg Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) was a French painter originally associated with the Impressionist movement. His early works were typically Impressionist snapshots of real life, full of sparkling colour and light. By the mid-1880s, however, he had broken with the movement to apply a more disciplined, formal technique to portraits and figure paintings, particularly of women. ( Compare Selected
How Big is the Internet? What is the internet? It’s a question that seems to have an infinite number of answers. What does it mean to you? What do you see when you look at your browser window with all those tabs open, or when you scroll endlessly through Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and Tumblr posts? For some people their Internet might be a place they go to escape from reality. For others it could be a place where they can feel safe because anonymity gives them freedom they don’t have in real life. The Internet is just as much about what we bring into it as what comes out of it for us. So let’s take some time now to explore this vast universe of information together! What is the Internet? I could tell you what the internet is, but the internet can tell you better than I can. According to Google, the internet is “a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users worldwide.” The internet is an international system of computers that are interconnected which allows for sharing information. How Big is the Internet? The Internet has been growing at an exponential rate since the 1980s, doubling its size every two years. It is nearly reaching 2 billion websites. The Internet is more than just web pages, however, it also includes social media posts and e-mails. Perhaps the most basic statistic is how many people utilize the Internet. This would appear to be a good indicator of the size of the Internet, since it’s a measure of the population. Various organizations try to gauge Internet usage, including Nielsen Ratings, the Office of the CIA, and Serverwatch. The general consensus appears to be that approximately a billion individuals utilized the Internet in 2008. Among those numbers, there are about 500 million internet users who use the Internet at least once a week, making them more-or-less permanent citizens of the Internet population. It’s possible that what most people mean when they ask about the size of the Internet is how much space it takes up. Estimating that is a difficult task, but one person recently estimated not long ago who can probably be trusted to have a decent idea. According to Google CEO Eric Schmidt, the data was approximately 5 million terabytes. That’s roughly 5 billion gigabytes or 500 trillion megabytes of data. According to Schmidt, Google has indexed only 200 terabytes of the remaining portion in its seven years of operation, or roughly .004 percent of the total size. Finding reasonable numbers on these other Internet metrics, on the other hand, is difficult. People think there are somewhere between 75 and 250 million servers in the world, with a margin of error of up to a factor of five. In a single day, the Internet can have thousands of terabytes of data sent through it. This amount is so large that finding a trustworthy compilation of this data may be difficult because to the numerous PCs, servers, and nations involved. Leave a Comment
Act for the Amazon Large areas of the Amazon rainforest are on fire, waking up the world to a calamity: no natural disaster, but part of a long-running strategy of destruction and exploitation. Bolsonaro came to power, following the imprisonment of former president Lula on corruption charges, with a clear agenda to dismantle the protection of indigenous lands. He once said, “It’s a shame that the Brazilian cavalry hasn’t been as efficient as the Americans, who exterminated the Indians”. The current fires were set deliberately to clear more land for agriculture, in particular cattle ranching, which is responsible for 80% of deforestation in the country. Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has increased by two-thirds during Bolsonaro’s presidency. Indigenous people have as ever, been in the frontline of resistance, defending their land rights. The picture above is from the Indigenous Women March on August 13th, when almost 3000 indigenous women travelled from across Brazil to the nation's capital. What can we do here in the UK? The causes of the destruction are closer to home than you might think. The export market for commodities, in particular Brazilian beef, is driving deforestation. Europe is Brazil’s second biggest market for beef sales. The recently signed EU-Mercosur agreement between the EU and Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay would open EU markets to more beef imports in exchange for the export of EU cars, especially highly fuel-intensive SUVs. But the deal still needs to be approved by the European Parliament, and pressure is growing to block it. Roads, runways, and airport expansion in the Climate Emergency era On 18th June the Canadian Government declared a climate emergency. The next day, it approved the controversial Transmountain Pipeline Expansion. If the pipeline is built it could result in up to 600,000 barrels of oil from Alberta's tar sands passing through the port city of Burnaby in British Columbia to reach the export market. The disconnect between these two actions is staggering. It has been described as an example of rank hypocrisy, and has caused many to question whether the "climate emergency" declaration passed by the government is even worth the paper its written on. In light of the clear disconnect between the Canadian government's actions and its continued support for new high-carbon infrastructure projects, we thought it worth thinking about what might be happening closer to home. Across the country, local and regional governments have made declarations recognising that we are now living in a climate emergency. According to data collected by Climate Emergency UK over 100 local authorities have passed declarations in the past six months, and they have now been joined by the UK Parliament and the Scottish and Welsh Governments. Many of these declarations have been accompanied by ambitious targets for reaching net zero emissions, with nearly 70 councils setting deadlines for de-carbonisation by 2030. Tell the government to act on the climate, not expand airports
Shimla Agreement Urdu On July 2, 1972, the two countries reached an agreement. The main clauses of the Simla agreement are as follows: Donald Trump`s offer to help India and Pakistan resolve the Kashmir issue has sparked great controversy after India refuted the US president`s claim that Prime Minister Narendra Modi had asked a question about it. While the US administration is trying to downplay Trump`s remarks by calling the Kashmir issue “bilateral” for “India and Pakistan,” the focus has returned to previous “bilateral agreements,” including the 1972 De Simla Agreement (or Shimla), signed by then-Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan, Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. for friendly relations between the two countries. The summit between Bhutto and Indra Gandhi opened in Simla at the set time. The Summit Conference was held from 28 June to 2 July 1972. The objective of the agreement was to define the measures envisaged to normalize bilateral relations and settle mutual disputes through peaceful means and bilateral negotiations. India wanted to solve all the problems in one package, so it proposed a treaty of friendship obliging the two countries to renounce the use of force in the event of a dispute, not to interfere in each other`s personal internal affairs, not to seek interference by third parties in the settlement of their differences and to renounce opposing military alliances. Pakistan wanted to focus on such immediate issues as the release of prisoners of war, the withdrawal of troops and the resumption of diplomatic relations. He rejected the Indian proposal on the grounds that it would involve a lasting adoption of the Kashmir division and the withdrawal of the Kashmir dispute from the United Nations.
A system makes a decision basing on a large number of varied factors, following a "live" decision tree - one that is (independently, through other subsystem) updated with new decisions, new situations. The individual decisions can be recorded as a kind of structure: • decision function • node to activate if decision is positive • node to activate if decision is negative and a node can be another decision record, or a conclusion. This isn't entirely a binary tree, as many decisions may lead to the same conclusion - each node has two children, but may have many parents. There is absolutely no problem storing the tree in memory - it can be database records or entries of a map, or just a list. It's perfectly sufficient for the machine. The problem here is building the subsystem that expands the decision tree - and in particular, having a human operator understand the structure being built, to be able to tune, guide, fix, adjust it: debugging the AI learning process. The question is: how to represent that data in a human-readable way, that emphasizes the flow of the graph? a non-working example of the answer is Concept map - in this case it only goes so far; with more than thirty or so nodes, it becomes a jumbled mess, especially if the number of cross-connections (multiple parents) becomes significant. Maybe there exists some way of laying it out or slicing it to make it clearer...? • $\begingroup$ What sort of audience is this going to? General public? Computer scientists / programmers? Other AI people? $\endgroup$ – Avik Mohan Aug 30 '16 at 12:53 • $\begingroup$ @AvikMohan: The expert system: Professional; the expert system is used for diagnostics of a complex device; also the conclusions will be used by the device itself to undertake actions. The data visualisation (about which is the question): developers of the system. $\endgroup$ – SF. Aug 30 '16 at 14:19 Train a reasoning engine to understand the decision tree for you. Observe how IBM Watson/The Debater can • Receive a particular question • Find and read Wikipedia articles related to the question • Understand parts of those articles and generate human-relevant arguments for you. Follow these steps: 1. Develop your decision tree however you normally would. 2. Train a reasoning engine that can output natural language about concepts within decision trees. 3. Apply reason engine from step one to decision tree in step one; repeat. Your Answer
Download PDF Selecting a Science Textbook 1 Star2 Stars3 Stars4 Stars5 Stars (No Ratings Yet) Post Views 1 You should be aware of types and the styles of books Whenever deciding on a science textbook. It is crucial to pick out a science fiction which is most appropriate for the son or daughter and their learning style. Students pick physics book predicated on their grades and they understand the stuff. Students need to assess the stuff through the year and find the time for you and energy to complete apa paraphrasing analysis to be certain they understand the concepts in each chapter all. A physics textbook that is filled with images and that is easily accessible is actually a huge means. A math text novel might be beneficial. Such a book be a terrific tool for proof reading and will help them see how algebra relates to subjects. Lots of mothers and fathers go through these kinds of novels and have the children what matters they will need to check outside and also improve their own understanding. A mathematics textbook needs to comprise not only texts on earth, atmosphere, and distance, but rewordmyessay com likewise some mathematics and some chemistry. So that the kiddies can envision just how things get the job done, these books should also feature pictures and graphs. Science Faculties will support students achieve insight in to the procedures of the world and of our planet. You ought to make sure you get when it has to do with text books, your children’s desires satisfied. Kids have unique learning styles, such as visual, auditory, or kinesthetic. You wish to buy a science fiction that works for your own kid’s learning fashion. It’s crucial when selecting a text publication to look at quite a few of factors. Make certain that it has also that the written text book is going to be used throughout every season. The period of time that it takes for the child to reassess and refresh the substance can be an essential element. Some children want to know by a novel that’s aimed toward a youngster’s interest. Children understand better once they are subjected to an assortment of material. The level of sophistication of the material is essential as well. For children who are preparing for the SAT or ACT, it is important to think about the written writing book’s interactive options and the graphics. Many of the ACT and SAT tests call for students to demonstrate their knowledge of text books, therefore these texts must comprise both science and math concepts. As a parent, then you want to know your child is prepared for the degree of study. Search for the one which includes all of the basics when searching for a science text book. The first few chapters needs to prepare the baby to get a”hands on” approach for learning. A massive section of the faculty year is spent therefore it is very necessary to present your child a head start by picking a publication that is beneficial in this area. Another benefit to choosing a science book is really that there are a lot of means available for parents. A number of sites permit one to ask sample webpages and enable you to evaluate the prices of varied books. Additionally, there are message boards and boards which parents could employ to explore quite a few of topics linked for their child science post. You will learn what to anticipate that you simply just choose, by being aware of what it is that you’re searching for. Studies have proven that parents that seek out advice concerning the sorts are way more inclined to come across the publication they are currently looking for. Nevertheless they’ll be far more likely to get it, but since it fits the requirements of their youngster. Chancing upon a science text book can be a challenge. Parents want to keep possible. Maintain the next requirements in your mind: multimedia guides, reading understanding , accessibility, ease of usage, plus many different learning types, when choosing a science fiction. Selecting a Science Textbook by Authored by:
Who wrote A Christmas Carol and why? Who wrote A Christmas Carol and why? Charles Dickens Charles Dickens, teetering on bankruptcy in the early 1840s, did none of those things. Instead, he wrote “A Christmas Carol.” Less well known are the circumstances by which Dickens came to write his epic feel-good tale, which he essentially self-published. It was 1843. How Charles Dickens wrote A Christmas Carol? Dickens set out to write his pamphlet-turned-book in spring 1843, having just read government report on child labor in the United Kingdom. The report took the form of a compilation of interviews with children—compiled by a journalist friend of Dickens—that detailed their crushing labors. Where did Charles Dickens write A Christmas Carol? It was a visit to the Field Lane ragged school in the Saffron Hill district of London that led Dickens to write A Christmas Carol in 1843. What is the main story of A Christmas Carol? Who was the original author of A Christmas Carol? The story, originally penned by Charles Dickensin 1843, centers around the miserable businessman Ebenezer Scrooge and how he rediscovers generosity and kindness through visits from three Christmas ghosts. If you’re looking to score some trivia points while hanging with the family, these Christmas Carolfacts will certainly impress them: How long did Charles Dickens write A Christmas Carol? Dickens wrote A Christmas Carol in under two months. While working on A Christmas Carol, Dickens wrote that “he wept, laughed, and wept again” and would frequently wander around London at night “when all sober folks had gone to bed.” Who are the actors in A Christmas Carol? And the story’s often been filmed, with versions ranging from the silent era to later ones with the Muppets, Bill Murray and Toni Braxton. Many are familiar with A Christmas Carol as Dickens’ most famous book because they’ve seen one of these adaptations of the tale. But Dickens also did his own adapting when he read the story in public. Is the movie A Christmas Carol based on a true story? “Dickens had no notion of what the festival would become today, but he was clearly onto something,” Les Standiford, who wrote the book on which the movie is based, told TIME. “He even went on to write four more Christmas books but none were even nearly as successful as A Christmas Carol .”
Endurance Athletes: Beetroot Can Improve Your Performance Beetroot is one of the most popular root vegetables in the world. Beetroots are edible roots from the family Solanaceae. They have been cultivated since ancient times and they were used as food and medicine until recently. Beetroot contains high amounts of vitamin C, potassium, iron, magnesium, manganese and many other nutrients which contribute to health and longevity. Beetroot is a good source of fiber too. It’s not only great for your body but also for your wallet! What is beetroot? Bread, beer, wine and cider are all made with beetroot. You may wonder why these foods contain such high levels of vitamins and minerals when there is no animal product in them. Beetroot contains carotenoids (blue-green pigments) which provide color to fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids are thought to protect against certain types of cancer because they prevent cells from turning into malignant ones. Beetroot is also rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, two pigment compounds that protect eyesight. Lutein and zeaxanthin are both antioxidants that protect our bodies from free radicals. Free radicals damage DNA and cause aging, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and other diseases. How long does beetroot juice last? The answer depends on several factors including the type of beetroot you use and how much you drink. To make beet juice last as long as possible it is important to follow some simple rules. Fresh beetroot juice should be stored in a refrigerator and should not be left out for more than 2 hours. It is best to drink it within 1-2 days without refridgeration. If you want to store the beetroot juice for later use then you can freeze it for up to a month. How does beet root grow? Beetroot is thought to have originated in the Mediterranean region and spread from there to other parts of the world. Domestication occurred before 1000 BC. Today it grows in all parts of the world with fundamental differences in varieties existing depending on the location. There are red-colored and white-colored varieties of beetroot. Some of beetroot’s closest relatives are other edible roots such as mangelwurzel and sugar beets. How long does it take for beetroot to grow? One of the fastest vegetable to grow, a beetroot can be harvested in as little as 65 days. What is in beetroot? The root of the beet plant is used as food. It is high in sugar and potassium but otherwise low in nutrients. It is an edible root but other parts of the plant are also eaten as vegetables. The leaves can be eaten as a leaf vegetable and the seeds can be eaten as a Pulse. The taproot is commonly called the beet root. How many calories are in beetroot? A 100g serving of Beets contains only 20 calories. Does beetroot make you poop? Yes it does. Beetroot is a natural laxative and is gentle enough for children to use without severely irritating the bowel like some other common laxatives do. Does beetroot taste good? Most people like the taste of beetroot! It can be eaten raw, cooked, juiced, pickled or even made into wine! Does beetroot grow well? Beetroot grows fairly well outdoors in most parts of the world with fertile soil. It likes moist soil and a temperature between 64-70F. It grows under most soil conditions but does best in rich soil with a pH level of 6.5-7.5. Is beetroot healthy for you? Yes it is. Beetroot is high in nutrients and antioxidants that help prevent cell damage, reduce inflammation and strengthen the immune system. Why is beetroot good for you? It is a good source of folic acid, potassium, fiber, vitamin C and iron. It also contains phytochemicals that help prevent cancer. Can beetroot be eaten raw? Yes it can. Sources & references used in this article: Endurance Athletes: Beetroot Can Improve Your Performance by B Sly – breakingmuscle.com Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes. A systematic review by R Domínguez, E Cuenca, JL Maté-Muñoz… – Nutrients, 2017 – mdpi.com Beetroot juice does not enhance supramaximal intermittent exercise performance in elite endurance athletes by M Pawlak-Chaouch, J Boissière… – Journal of the …, 2019 – Taylor & Francis No improvement in endurance performance after a single dose of beetroot juice by NM Cermak, R Stinkens… – … journal of sport …, 2012 – journals.humankinetics.com
Agricultural Technology Benefits of newest agricultural technology. Modern farmers are doing far different things than a few decades ago, mainly due to technological advances, including sensors, appliances, machinery and information technology. Today’s agriculture routinely uses sophisticated technologies such as robots, temperature and humidity sensors, aerial photography and GPS technology. With these advanced equipment and precise farming and robotic systems, businesses can become more profitable, more efficient, safer and greener. - Advertisement - Translate »
About Mistletoe Mistletoe is a hemiparasite that draws water and nutrients from its host plant, but has chlorophyll and produces its own food by photosynthesis. Mistletoe rarely affects trees that are healthy, but can harm those already weakened by root damage (as from construction), drought, or pests. The word mistletoe comes from the Old English misteltan, with tan meaning “twig” and mistel meaning “dung, filth.” This makes sense when you consider that the plant’s seeds are spread by bird droppings, but perhaps it’s best not to bear in mind that you’re kissing under a “shit stick.” In a famous Norse myth, mistletoe caused the death of the god Balder, the best loved of all immortals, by the jealous Loki. When Balder dreamed that he was about to die, he told his mother, Freya, who went to all things and made them swear that they would never harm her son. But she thought the mistletoe too weak to hurt anyone, and Loki found this out, he fashioned a dart from the plant and put it in the hand of the blind god Hodur, who stood aside while others threw things at Balder for the fun of seeing them drop to the ground before they reached him. “Here is something for you to throw,” Loki said, “and I will direct your aim.” No one seems to know where the kissing comes from, though some claim that after Balder’s death, Freya commanded that the plant must never again bring destruction, and that those who pass under it must exchange a kiss of love and peace. Washington Irving wrote that men commonly gave women as many kisses as there were berries on the mistletoe hanging above them, plucking off one per kiss. The English hang kissing balls made with cedar and mistletoe in their doorways. Classic Southern Giblet Gravy You must use a quart of the clearest, richest broth thickened while hot with a thin paste of corn starch and water. To this add the yolks of at least two eggs which have been creamed with a pat of butter. Then add two more chopped hard boiled eggs (yolks and whites), the cooked and chopped livers and gizzards of the turkey as well as the hen you used for your stock ( a half cup or so of each), but not the meat from the necks, which are superfluous and troublesome. I often add a half cup of chopped, sauteed celery for texture. Salt to taste and season with white pepper. Parsley is pretty, and a smidgen of thyme is a nice accent. Thanksgiving Muffins Kitchen innovation emphasizing technique rather than ingredients can have impressive results, especially when you’re dealing with what’s familiar, and this one is simple: Bake dressing in a muffin pan. It’s easy to do, and the result is a morsel that’s eaten handily, stored easily and kids love them. I like to top some of them with a bit of whole-berry cranberry sauce. They also look good piled on a pretty plate alongside your other buffet items. They take a little more care than simply pouring your dressing into a casserole dish as is usually done, but they more than make up for the initial effort by freeing up space in the refrigerator and freezer, space you’ll no doubt need for other holiday leftovers. You can make these days before, freeze, and heat when needed. Use a cooking spray to oil the muffin tin. Spoon dressing batter into the cups and fill to the top, since these do not rise as much as a bread muffin would. Place your pans in the middle rack of the oven and bake at 350 until the tops are firm and the edges have just begun to brown, about 25 minutes. Top with whole berry cranberries when they’re about half-way done. Brush with melted butter and let them cool before taking them from the pan (use a fork) and removing the paper. Store for later and reheat on a cookie sheet. Citrus Season In those days, the oranges we bought were exclusively Valencias, thin-skinned and tight with juice. They were all from Florida, and some of the sacks bore the name Indian River, a designated area on the east coast where the oldest orange groves grew. The Spaniards planted oranges St. Augustine, Florida in 1565, and the fruit was planted widely along the Gulf (viz.: Orange, Texas; Orange Beach, Alabama), but none survived the Great Freeze of 1895, which sent freezing temperatures down to the Keys. Felder Rushing said that we’ve had had citrus growing on the gulf coast since the late 1700s, “But oranges they kept getting wiped out by hurricanes and the hard freezes of the late 1800s and again in the 1930 that sent freezing temperatures down to the Keys. The cold-tender citrus plants are grafted onto the strong, disease-resistant rootstock of trifoliate orange, and when the ‘good’ citrus gets killed by cold weather, the trifoliate part grows into a pretty little thorny shrub with sweet flowers and sour, golf ball-size fruits. A lot of the trifoliate rootstock survived along the Gulf Coast,” Rushing said, “but most of those acres have been reclaimed for other crops. There are still a few orange groves, but the big citrus crop is the relatively cold-hardy satsumas.” A mature satsuma tree can survive down to −9 °C (15 °F) or even −11 °C (12 °F) for a few hours. Of the edible citrus varieties, only the kumquat is more cold-hardy. Satsumas rarely have any thorns, an attribute that also makes them popular. They can be grown from seed, which takes about 8 years until the first fruits are produced, or grafted onto other citrus rootstocks, such as trifoliate orange. The fruit is exceedingly sweet, easy to peel and many cultivars are seedless. The Louisiana crop ripens from October until late November. Citrus taxonomy is recklessly convoluted, but satsumas are in the big mandarin category, which contains all the zipper-skinned [easy-peel] fruits. They probably originated in northeast India but like most citrus fruits were cultivated in China and then brought to the west. The Satsuma mandarin may have originated in China but is was first reported in Japan more than 700 years ago. Around 1878 they were introduced into the Louisiana citrus industry, where they were preferred for their sweetness and their cold hardiness. The name “satsuma” is credited to the wife of a U.S. Minister to Japan, General Van Valkenburg, who sent trees home in 1878 from Satsuma, the name of a former province, now Kagoshima Prefecture, on the southern tip of Kyushu Island. Joseph Ranatza Jr., owner of Star Nursery in Plaquemines Parish, said he started picking on Oct. 7. “My season is going very well this year versus last year,” he said. “Last year, the grocery stores bought a lot of foreign fruit, and that really hurt us.” It’s hard for Louisiana growers to compete with foreign producers, who have lower labor costs and less restrictions, he said. “They can buy these clementine mandarins from Chile, Peru and Morocco, where labor is a lot cheaper, and call them ‘cuties’ and make it hard for us to compete,” Ranatza said. He said his answer to the “cuties” are his Cajun Babies, which are smaller-sized satsumas. Satsuma Upside-Down Cake Makes 1 (9-inch) cake 3¾ cups sugar, divided 4 cups water 24 (¼-inch-thick) slices of satsuma* 1 cup unsalted butter, softened 3 large eggs 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 3 cups all-purpose flour ½ cup yellow cornmeal 2 teaspoons baking powder 1 teaspoon salt ½ cup whole milk 1 teaspoon satsuma zest* ½ cup fresh satsuma juice* The Star The crew are already sufficiently depressed: I wonder how they will take this ultimate irony. Few of them have any religious faith, yet they will not relish using this final weapon in their campaign against me–that private, good-natured, but fundamentally serious, war which lasted all the way from Earth. It amused them to have a Jesuit as chief astrophysicist: Dr. Chandler, for instance, could never get over it. (Why are medical men such notorious atheists?). Sometimes he would meet me on the observation deck, where the lights are always low so that the stars shine with undiminished glory. He would come up to me in the gloom and stand staring out of the great oval port, while the heavens crawled slowly around us as the ship turned end over end with the residual spin we had never bothered to correct. I do not know who gave the nebula its name, which seems to me a very bad one. If it contains a prophecy, it is one that cannot be verified for several billion years. Even the word nebula is misleading: this is a far smaller object than those stupendous clouds of mist–the stuff of unborn stars–that are scattered throughout the length of the Milky Way. On the cosmic scale, indeed, the Phoenix Nebula is a tiny thing–a tenuous shell of gas surrounding a single star. Or what is left of a star . . . The Rubens engraving of Loyola seems to mock me as it hangs there above the spectrophotometer tracings. What would you, Father, have made of this knowledge that has come into my keeping, so far from the little world that was all the universe you knew? Would your faith have risen to the challenge, as mine has failed to do? You gaze into the distance, Father, but I have traveled a distance beyond any that you could have imagined when you founded our order a thousand years ago. No other survey ship has been so far from Earth: we are at the very frontiers of the explored universe. We set out to reach the Phoenix Nebula, we succeeded, and we are homeward bound with our burden of knowledge. I wish I could lift that burden from my shoulders, but I call to you in vain across the centuries and the light years that lie between us. On the book you are holding the words are plain to read. AD MAJOREM DEI GLORIAM, the message runs, but it is a message I can no longer believe. Would you still believe it, if you could see what we have found? We knew, of course, what the Phoenix Nebula was. Every year, in our galaxy alone, more than a hundred stars explode, blazing for a few hours or days with thousands of times their normal brilliance before they sink back into death and obscurity. Such are the ordinary novae–the commonplace disasters of the universe. I have recorded the spectrograms and light curves of dozens since I started working at the Lunar Observatory. Its builders had made sure that we would. The monolithic marker that stood above the entrance was now a fused stump, but even the first long-range photographs told us that here was the work of intelligence. A little later we detected the continent-wide pattern of radioactivity that had been buried in the rock. Even if the pylon above the Vault had been destroyed, this would have remained, an immovable and all but eternal beacon calling to the stars. Our ship fell toward this gigantic bull’s-eye like an arrow into its target. If only they had had a little more time! They could travel freely enough between the planets of their own sun, but they had not yet learned to cross the interstellar gulfs, and the nearest solar system was a hundred light-years away. Yet even had they possessed the secret of the Transfinite Drive, no more than a few millions could have been saved. Perhaps it was better thus. Yet, of course, what we have seen proves nothing of the sort. Anyone who argues thus is being swayed by emotion, not logic. God has no need to justify His actions to man. He who built the universe can destroy it when He chooses. It is arrogance–it is perilously near blasphemy–for us to say what He may or may not do. (The Star, Arthur C. Clarke, copyright Arthur C. Clarke) Barbara’s Giblet Gravy Barbara Yancy took a great deal of pride in her table and was a superb cook, but like many (if not most) such people, she was an absolute tyrant in the kitchen (both characteristics she passed down to her daughter), demanding absolute obedience to instruction and perfection in results. Her Thanksgiving table was a symphony of flavor, and her crowning note, the one dish made at the last possible moment and brought to the table with a flourish once everyone was seated before the blessing, was her giblet gravy, which was only made for the holiday table and had to be done just so. I agree with mother about chicken neck meat, but when I add chopped green onions to my gravy, I can just hear her heavy sigh of disapproval.
Women globally are facing a high burden during the crisis raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the U.S., women account for 52% of the essential workers, 78% of social workers, and 77% of health care workers. At home, things aren’t different. Women are more likely to be in charge of the sick, minors, and elders, providing care while still working full time. But this is hardly a new story; women have historically borne a disproportionate impact of health crises, environmental disasters, conflicts, and violent situations. There is an urgent need for formal care systems to protect communities and those in need during a health crisis, but also to protect women as caregivers. Women as caregivers inside and outside the health system According to a WHO report released in 2019, about 70 percent of global health workers are women, and women health workers are concentrated into lower status, lower-paid, and often unpaid roles, facing harsh realities of gender bias and harassment. The Food and Agriculture Organization reported that women, on average, comprise 43% of the agricultural labor force in developing countries, and in the least developed countries, 79% of economically active report agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. As the protagonists of the caring systems during the pandemic, women face additional demands that require them to work longer hours, placing physical and psychological strains, while juggling this additional workload from their household. If we consider that 24 million of the 28.5 million nurses and midwives globally are women, talking about how women’s increased workloads limit their access to social support does not seem out of place. Women who work on formal health care systems also face occupational segregation as men. According to a recent U.N. report are more likely to be physicians and specialists and to reach leadership positions, leaving women underrepresented in senior roles and unable to make decisions about their working conditions, a crucial issue, especially during a pandemic. This situation also feeds into the larger gender pay gap and is exacerbated during a financial crisis. In the long term, the wage gap translates into poverty for older women who have dedicated their lives to the care of others. The system is punishing women for caring about the most vulnerable in society. There are also the women who work outside the formal labor market, including the health system, whose work in health and social care is not even recognized and usually unpaid. It is not hard to understand how health systems are currently subsidized by the unrecognized work from millions of women globally. As Nahla Valji, the senior gender advisor to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, put it recently “(o)ur formal economy is only possible because women’s unpaid work subsidizes it.” Informal care needs to be recognized as a work that contributes to the economy, not as a worthless resource that is usually available and assigned within unpaid domestic care. Impact of COVID on women: (self)care at risk As crises amplify existing inequalities, it was expected that women were affected more severely than men. The COVID outbreak, while deadlier in men, has had a harder economic hit on women. As the International Labor Organization recently found, 41% of women were employed in sectors at high risk of financial loss from the pandemic, compared to 35% of men as women dominate in industries less susceptible to cycles (e.g., health care and education). In the U.S., women account for 55% of job losses during the crisis. In India –according to a recent survey conducted in May- women have lost more jobs than their male counterparts, and U.K. data from April showed women were more likely than men to work in a sector that had been closed due to coronavirus. Bloomberg recently showed how data by gender and race shows a gloomier scenario for black women and Latina women in the U.S. Unemployed, still with the same care-related responsibilities, women are suffering a significant economic downturn. The pandemic is also making women work longer. Care-at-home activities, like cooking, cleaning, and taking care of children and the elderly, have grown dramatically during the pandemic, and women are taken a huge part in it. Women do more of the housework than men, and the load gets disproportionally higher on single mothers- while working the same or more hours for paid jobs. Generation X women -defined as those born between 1965 and 1980- who provide care to both younger and older relatives were already inundated long before the pandemic. Homeschooling, keeping seniors safe, facing possible job loss and financial insecurity, and having a reduced social network to rely on will soon impact women physically and mentally. Unable to lighten their responsibilities, women are using sleep time to reach daily duties. When the time to rest finally arrives, anxiety and stress-related to COVID-19 affect their normal sleep-related behavior. A recent report on “U.S. trends in medication use for depression, anxiety, and insomnia” revealed that the increase in anti-insomnia medication and anti-anxiety medication use has been much higher in women than the man during the pandemic (March 15 data). As the U.N. Population Fund found, women under lockdowns also face limitations in accessing medical treatments -including sexual and reproductive health services- and expose them to negative social factors –induced marriages to secure economic stability of young women and girls and gender-based violence at home. As governments deal with overloaded health care systems, policing lockdowns and curfews, closing borders, among many other measures, their response to women’s physical and mental health needs, has been hindered. The lack of formal and well-financed care systems and robust social protection schemes in most countries has hampered the possibility to secure some relief for women. I have talked about the crucial role of social protection systems in this blog -especially during economic recessions- but today I am focusing on care systems, a not that popular term but a pith part of the safety nets responses. Care as a right that needs to become a reality Informal care has been a challenge historically taken by women as a response to the social organization founded on the unequal gender division of labor and the deficit of quality public responses on social protection. Assuming the responsibility for dependents care results in several harmful impacts for women: unable to consider care work as a formal and productive activity, become a barrier to women’s economic autonomy, and leave families and communities unprotected when facing a crisis. United Nations had stated that the care, together with social protection, is a public good and a right. However, few countries had established structured, comprehensive, and reliable care systems with a gender perspective. For instance, although during the last two decades most of Latin America and the Caribbean countries have incorporated the right to care in their constitutions and ratified various instruments of international law containing care-related rights, only a few countries like Uruguay (Integrated National Care System), Chile (Chile Crece Contigo), and Costa Rica (Red Nacional de Cuido) have incorporated care-related systems and policies. Recognizing care as a right is an important step. Still, it must be materialized in policies that understand the care as a social and State responsibility rather than an issue solely handled by families, and more specifically by women. In a real-time review of social protection measures countries are issuing to face COVID-19, Gentilini et al. showed that while over 133 countries (as of April 17, 2020) have planned, introduced or adapted 564 social protection measures to mitigate some of the socio-economic costs of the pandemic, only nine childcare measures and twelve social pensions policies were identified. Also, short-term measures alone will be insufficient to address the pandemic’s long-term impacts; governments need to integrate the current responses to lasting systems that can overcome the pandemic’s adverse outcomes. This crisis is widening the gaps and the structural inequalities in society that affect women but is also an excellent opportunity to mobilize resources, interests, and political will to de design sound care systems and gender-responsive social protection policies. Maternal, paternal, and parental care leave, strategies for balancing family life – work, cash transfers to recognize care work, labor, and social security recognition of caregivers, are a few options.
Random Polymer Networks are eliciting Intelligence Random Polymer Networks are eliciting Intelligence Sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) is a conducting polymer that is self-doped. It has a high water solubility and a novel pH-dependent DC conductivity, which is interesting for fundamental science as well as applications in areas such as rechargeable batteries and pH control technologies. A group of scientists built a sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) organic electrochemical network device (OEND) for reservoir computing. SPAN was deposited on gold electrodes, resulting in the formation of a disordered network with humidity-dependent electrical properties. The SPAN OEND was tested for reservoir computing using benchmark tasks and spoken-digit classification, and it was performed with 70% accuracy. The device could be used for a variety of artificial intelligence tasks, including speech recognition. Reservoir computing is a world-class machine learning algorithm for processing information generated by dynamical systems based on observed time-series data. Notably, it necessitates very small training data sets, employs linear optimization, and thus necessitates minimal computing resources. Researchers assembled a sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) organic electrochemical network device (OEND) for use in reservoir computing. SPAN was deposited on gold electrodes which formed a disordered network providing humidity-dependent electrical properties. Reservoir computing (RC) addresses complex problems by simulating how information is processed in animal brains. It is based on a randomly connected network that serves as an information reservoir and ultimately leads to more efficient outputs. Numerous reservoir materials have been investigated to date in order to realize RC directly in matter (rather than simulating it in a digital computer). A team led by Osaka University researchers has developed a sulfonated polyaniline network for RC. Electrochemical signals carried by ions are used by neural networks in the brain. As a result, when selecting a material system for RC, an electrochemical approach is a logical choice. Organic electrochemical field-effect transistors (OECFETs) are widely used in bioelectronics, but they have yet to be widely used in RC. Intelligence emerging from random polymer networks The reservoir material’s key feature is that it has rich (time-dependent) behavior and is disordered, which makes polymer materials an excellent choice because they form random networks on their own. Polyaniline is a promising polymer for RC applications because it is simple to polymerize, has good atmospheric stability, and has reversible doping/de-doping behavior, which means its conduction can be changed. The researchers looked into sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN), which has high water solubility and self-doping behavior in addition to the benefits of polyaniline. These improvements make SPAN easier to work with and the doping more consistent. “Atmospheric protons are injected directly into the polymer chain of SPAN, causing it to conduct,” study lead author Yuki Usami explains. “The humidity can then be adjusted to control this conduction.” The SPAN was assembled on gold electrodes using a simple drop-casting method, yielding an organic electrochemical network device (OEND). The SPAN OEND was evaluated for RC by examining the waveform and evaluating its performance in short-term memory tasks. The results of a test to see how well speech recognition could be achieved 70 percent accuracy. This capability of SPAN OEND was comparable to an RC software simulation. “We demonstrated that our SPAN OEND system can be used in RC,” says study co-author Takuya Matsumoto. “Future efforts to develop systems that do not rely on humidity will provide more practical options; however, the success of our SPAN-based system is a positive step forward for material-based reservoir computing, which is expected to have a significant impact on the next generation of artificial intelligence devices.” Share This Post
Cereals Cup Muesli Mug Cup Of Muesli Wheat Grains Do you want to know about the best healthy foods? There are different kinds of healthy foods available that you can choose to eat. Healthy eating means that you have to avoid eating fast food as well you can add a lot of variety of foods in your diet such as protein, fibers and Minerals and others. One can choose to eat healthy food and provide different kinds of nutrients as well as promote your health also. Furthermore, it is known to prevent the risk of disease. Now you can choose to eat well and healthy that is based on multiple flavors. To grab more information about eating different kinds of healthy food you can check out the facts below. Here you can consider all the facts about eating the best and healthy food as you want- Food gatherings As indicated by diet professionals, you need to choose the correct food bunch. Here is the list of five significant food gatherings Each food has a different measure of key supplements. To burn through every one of the supplements, proteins, you have to attempt the different food gatherings. That well, you have to eat healthy which has the wellspring of nutrients. Make sure, you are devouring nutrients C, calcium, protein, and any remaining additives. Healthy fat When would you like to eat soundly or forestall the medical problems and you have to follow the dietary rules? It takes a little remittance to follow the dietary rules. You need to burn through unsaturated or healthy fat in a limited quantity and it is important for a healthy eating routine. Healthy human fat assists with managing • Observe the nutrients k, A, D, E • Prevent heart issues • Reduce the cholesterol even out and supplant the immersed awful fat with a healthy fat. There are two different sorts of unsaturated fat- Monosaturated fat This fat is found in olive oil, avocados Almonds, and cashews. Polyunsaturated fat This privilege is partitioned into two different parts which incorporate Omega 3 greasy or Omega 6 fat. Omega 3 fatties found in sleek fish or Omega 6 found in soybean oil, Brazil nuts. You need to know the amount you can burn through from every food bunch. It relies upon age sexual orientation or movement level. As per the professionals, you need to know about every day’s eating regimen and devour the foods and beverages according to serving. You have to talk with a professional mentor when you want to burn through a healthy eating regimen in the correct servings. How you can discover which foods are considered in a healthy eating regimen? You have to do explore the web to track down the best foods. You are burning through healthy food which gives the risk of disease. Therefore, you need to know about the idea of food and see what nutrients and Minerals are supplements it has. By every one of these explores, you will have the option to grab the correct food in the perfect sum. You may also like
Fewer Women in Developed Nations seek STEM Degrees People would think that those countries that are most aware of gender inequalities, would actually do the most in addressing the need for more women to graduate with a science, a technology, an engineering, or a math (STEM) degree. However, recent studies are discovering quite the opposite. Scientists at the University of Missouri, and also those from Leeds Beckett University that is located in the UK, discovered that ladies in developing worlds, where it is believed that there is more gender inequality, are actually more interested in entering STEM fields than women from developed nations. These findings were posted in the publication Psychological Science. Why the Absence of Women? Fewer Women in Developed Nations seek STEM DegreesEven though there are girls who perform as good as if not better than boys in the field of math and science within several countries, the greater gender equality a country has, the smaller the quantities of female STEM graduates. This was not the case for organic sciences though, only the inorganic sciences. This negative correlation is now called the “gender-equality paradox.” A professor of psychological sciences named David Geary, from the University of Missouri’s College of Arts and Sciences, was a researcher for this study. Here is what he stated in a recent press release: This was not the case where girls performed poorly in science or math. Actually, their individual strengths are in the field of language and reading instead of science and math. People are apt to select professions which need skills that they are excel at. As a result, girls are picking fields that require reading comprehension, even if they possess the skills that are necessary for excelling in STEM. This might very well explain why these STEM fields have had the very same quantity of workers from both genders for several decades and why today’s strategies to attract more women to STEM field have failed. The trend is more pronounced in nation like Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Geary commented on these results: “In countries with greater gender equality, women are actively encouraged to participate in STEM; yet, they lose more girls because of personal academic strengths. In more liberal and wealthy countries, personal preferences are more strongly expressed. One consequence is that sex differences in academic strengths and interests become larger and have a stronger influence on college and career choices than in more conservative and less wealthy countries, creating the gender-equality paradox.” Nations that are wealthier usually have more economic options, which allow women to choose a field based on things other than economics. In countries that are poorer and have less gender equality, women are finding that opportunities for employment are not that easy to find, and thus security and great salaries can come from seeking a STEM career. Scientists feel that these findings could actually help develop more strategies to reach women in developed nations, and urge them to pursue a career in STEM.
boy playing video games on computer Can Playing to Many Video Games Cause Death TotesNewsworthy would like all parents who read this to share this with children or young adults. At Totes, we wish all of you the best in health and wellness. According to a report written by the American Medical Association (AMA), it is unhealthy to play video games longer than two hours per day. In the story, it is claimed that anyone who plays video games for longer than this might have an addiction to video games. TotesNewsworthy Special Announcement: Also known as gaming disorder, video game addiction is generally defined as compulsive and problematic use of video games, which leads to an individual not being able to function normally in life. The idea of video game addiction remains controversial and is highly debated by experts from various disciplines such as the gaming, medical, psychological, and scientific communities. The question that many people have, nonetheless, is, “Does playing video games for too long lead to death?” This article doesn’t intend to answer this question outright either way but only intends to bring forth evidence for the reader to evaluate. One must remember that this topic is still under debate, and no one knows for sure whether or not playing video games for too long causes someone to die. student man playing video games Playing Video Games for Too Long Is Bad for You In an article written by Peter Gray and published by the Natural Child Project, Are Video Games Dangerous, much research has been put into how playing violent video games for too long causes young people to become violent. Many researchers like to point at a few cases such as the 2005 shooting spree committed by 16-year-old Jeff Weise, who blamed violent video games, among other things, for his actions. However, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown versus Entertainment Merchants Association that violent video games do not cause people to commit violent crimes. Grey continues to explain that it is not a matter of whether or not violent video games make individuals violent but rather is video game addiction harmful. The term “addiction” is used in various ways, Grey writes, but usually refers to the compulsive need to consume some substance or engage in a particular activity to the point that it becomes harmful. It does not matter if the content or activity is necessarily harmful in and of itself; what matters at the end of the day is the compulsiveness of the behavior in question. Pages ( 1 of 2 ): 1 2Next » Check Also Who killed Brittany Murphy Was Brittany Murphy’s Death Preventable? Leave a Reply
6.4 Cardiac Physiology Learning Objectives • Relate heart rate to cardiac output • Describe the effect of exercise on heart rate • Identify cardiovascular centres and cardiac reflexes that regulate heart function • Describe factors affecting heart rate • Distinguish between positive and negative factors that affect heart contractility • Summarise factors affecting stroke volume and cardiac output • Describe the cardiac response to variations in blood flow and pressure The autorhythmicity inherent in cardiac cells keeps the heart beating at a regular pace; however, the heart is regulated by and responds to outside influences as well. Neural and endocrine controls are vital to the regulation of cardiac function. In addition, the heart is sensitive to several environmental factors, including electrolytes. Resting Cardiac Output Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute. To calculate this value, multiply stroke volume (SV), the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle, by heart rate (HR), in contractions per minute (or beats per minute, bpm). It can be represented mathematically by the following equation: CO = HR × SV SV is normally measured using an echocardiogram to record EDV and ESV and calculating the difference: SV = EDV – ESV. SV can also be measured using a specialised catheter, but this is an invasive procedure and far more dangerous to the patient. A mean SV for a resting 70-kg (150-lb) individual would be approximately 70 mL. There are several important variables, including size of the heart, physical and mental condition of the individual, sex, contractility, duration of contraction, preload or EDV, and afterload or resistance. Normal range for SV would be 55–100 mL. An average resting HR would be approximately 75 bpm but could range from 60–100 in some individuals. Using these numbers, the mean CO is 5.25 L/min, with a range of 4.0–8.0 L/min. Remember, however, that these numbers refer to CO from each ventricle separately, not the total for the heart. Factors influencing CO are summarised in Figure 6.4.1. Major factors influencing cardiac output. Cardiac output is influenced by heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are also variable. Figure 6.4.1. Major factors influencing cardiac output. Cardiac output is influenced by heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are also variable. Exercise and Maximum Cardiac Output In healthy young individuals, HR may increase to 150 bpm during exercise. SV can also increase from 70 to approximately 130 mL due to increased strength of contraction. This would increase CO to approximately 19.5 L/min, 4–5 times the resting rate. Top cardiovascular athletes can achieve even higher levels. At their peak performance, they may increase resting CO by 7–8 times. Since the heart is a muscle, exercising it increases its efficiency. The difference between maximum and resting CO is known as the cardiac reserve. It measures the residual capacity of the heart to pump blood. Heart Rates HRs vary considerably, not only with exercise and fitness levels, but also with age. Newborn resting HRs may be 120 bpm. HR gradually decreases until young adulthood and then gradually increases again with age. Maximum HRs are normally in the range of 200–220 bpm, although there are some extreme cases in which they may reach higher levels. As one ages, the ability to generate maximum rates decreases. This may be estimated by taking the maximal value of 220 bpm and subtracting the individual’s age. So, a 40-year-old individual would be expected to hit a maximum rate of approximately 180, and a 60-year-old person would achieve a HR of 160. Disorders of the Heart: Abnormal Heart Rates For an adult, normal resting HR will be in the range of 60–100 bpm. Bradycardia is the condition in which resting rate drops below 60 bpm, and tachycardia is the condition in which the resting rate is above 100 bpm. Trained athletes typically have very low HRs. If the patient is not exhibiting other symptoms, such as weakness, fatigue, dizziness, fainting, chest discomfort, palpitations, or respiratory distress, bradycardia is not considered clinically significant. However, if any of these symptoms are present, they may indicate that the heart is not providing sufficient oxygenated blood to the tissues. The term relative bradycardia may be used with a patient who has a HR in the normal range but is still suffering from these symptoms. Most patients remain asymptomatic if the HR remains above 50 bpm. Bradycardia may be caused by either inherent factors or causes external to the heart. While the condition may be inherited, typically it is acquired in older individuals. Inherent causes include abnormalities in either the SA or AV node. If the condition is serious, a pacemaker may be required. Other causes include ischaemia to the heart muscle or diseases of the heart vessels or valves. External causes include metabolic disorders, pathologies of the endocrine system often involving the thyroid, electrolyte imbalances, neurological disorders including inappropriate autonomic responses, autoimmune pathologies, over-prescription of beta blocker drugs that reduce HR, recreational drug use, or even prolonged bed rest. Treatment relies upon establishing the underlying cause of the disorder and may necessitate supplemental oxygen. Tachycardia is not normal in a resting patient but may be detected in pregnant women or individuals experiencing extreme stress. In the latter case, it would likely be triggered by stimulation from the limbic system or disorders of the autonomic nervous system. In some cases, tachycardia may involve only the atria. Some individuals may remain asymptomatic, but when present, symptoms may include dizziness, shortness of breath, light-headedness, rapid pulse, heart palpations, chest pain, or fainting (syncope). While tachycardia is defined as a HR above 100 bpm, there is considerable variation among people. Further, the normal resting HRs of children are often above 100 bpm, but this is not considered to be tachycardia Many causes of tachycardia may be benign, but the condition may also be correlated with fever, anaemia, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, hypersecretion of catecholamines, some cardiomyopathies, some disorders of the valves, and acute exposure to radiation. Elevated rates in an exercising or resting patient are normal and expected. Resting rate should always be taken after recovery from exercise. Treatment depends upon the underlying cause but may include medications, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, ablation or surgery. Correlation Between Heart Rates and Cardiac Output Initially, physiological conditions that cause HR to increase also trigger an increase in SV. During exercise, the rate of blood returning to the heart increases. However, as the HR rises, there is less time spent in diastole and consequently less time for the ventricles to fill with blood. Even though there is less filling time, SV will initially remain high. However, as HR continues to increase, SV gradually decreases due to decreased filling time. CO will initially stabilise as the increasing HR compensates for the decreasing SV, but at very high rates, CO will eventually decrease as increasing rates are no longer able to compensate for the decreasing SV. Consider this phenomenon in a healthy young individual. Initially, as HR increases from resting to approximately 120 bpm, CO will rise. As HR increases from 120 to 160 bpm, CO remains stable, since the increase in rate is offset by decreasing ventricular filling time and, consequently, SV. As HR continues to rise above 160 bpm, CO decreases as SV falls faster than HR increases. So, although aerobic exercises are critical to maintain the health of the heart, individuals are cautioned to monitor their HR to ensure they stay within the target heart rate range of between 120 and 160 bpm, so CO is maintained. The target HR is loosely defined as the range in which both the heart and lungs receive the maximum benefit from the aerobic workout and is dependent upon age. Cardiovascular Centres Nervous control over HR is centralised within the two paired cardiovascular centres of the medulla oblongata (Figure 6.4.2). The cardioaccelerator regions stimulate activity via sympathetic stimulation of the cardioaccelerator nerves, and the cardioinhibitory centres decrease heart activity via parasympathetic stimulation as one component of the vagus nerve, cranial nerve X. During rest, both centres provide slight stimulation to the heart, contributing to autonomic tone. This is a similar concept to tone in skeletal muscles. Normally, vagal stimulation predominates as, left unregulated, the SA node would initiate a sinus rhythm of approximately 100 bpm. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulations flow through a paired complex network of nerve fibres known as the cardiac plexus near the base of the heart. The cardioaccelerator centres also sends additional fibres, forming the cardiac nerves via sympathetic ganglia (the cervical ganglia plus superior thoracic ganglia T1–T4) to both the SA and AV nodes, plus additional fibres to the atria and ventricles. The ventricles are more richly innervated by sympathetic fibres than parasympathetic fibres. Sympathetic stimulation causes the release of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) at the neuromuscular junction of the cardiac nerves. NA shortens the repolarisation period, thus speeding the rate of depolarisation and contraction, which results in an increase in HR. It opens chemical- or ligand-gated sodium and calcium ion channels, allowing an influx of positively charged ions. NA binds to the beta-1 receptor. Some cardiac medications (for example, beta blockers) work by blocking these receptors, thereby slowing HR and are one possible treatment for hypertension. Over prescription of these drugs may lead to bradycardia and even stoppage of the heart. Autonomic innervation of the heart. Figure 6.4.2. Autonomic innervation of the heart. Cardioaccelerator and cardioinhibitory areas are components of the paired cardiac centres located in the medulla oblongata of the brain. They innervate the heart via sympathetic cardiac nerves that increase cardiac activity and vagus (parasympathetic) nerves that slow cardiac activity. Parasympathetic stimulation originates from the cardioinhibitory region with impulses traveling via the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X). The vagus nerve sends branches to both the SA and AV nodes, and to portions of both the atria and ventricles. Parasympathetic stimulation releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction. ACh slows HR by opening chemical- or ligand-gated potassium ion channels to slow the rate of spontaneous depolarisation, which extends repolarisation and increases the time before the next spontaneous depolarisation occurs. Without any nervous stimulation, the SA node would establish a sinus rhythm of approximately 100 bpm. Since resting rates are considerably less than this, it becomes evident that parasympathetic stimulation normally slows HR. This is like an individual driving a car with one foot on the brake pedal. To speed up, one need merely remove one’s foot from the break and let the engine increase speed. In the case of the heart, decreasing parasympathetic stimulation decreases the release of ACh, which allows HR to increase up to approximately 100 bpm. Any increases beyond this rate would require sympathetic stimulation. Figure 6.4.3 illustrates the effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation on the normal sinus rhythm. Graph on Effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation on normal sinus rhythm. Figure 6.4.3. Effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation on normal sinus rhythm. The wave of depolarisation in a normal sinus rhythm shows a stable resting HR. Following parasympathetic stimulation, HR slows. Following sympathetic stimulation, HR increases. Input to the Cardiovascular Centre The cardiovascular centre receives input from a series of visceral receptors with impulses traveling through visceral sensory fibres within the vagus and sympathetic nerves via the cardiac plexus. Among these receptors are various proprioreceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, plus stimuli from the limbic system. Collectively, these inputs normally enable the cardiovascular centre to regulate heart function precisely, a process known as cardiac reflexes. Increased physical activity results in increased rates of firing by various proprioreceptors located in muscles, joint capsules, and tendons. Any such increase in physical activity would logically warrant increased blood flow. The cardiac centre monitor these increased rates of firing and suppress parasympathetic stimulation and increase sympathetic stimulation as needed in order to increase blood flow. Similarly, baroreceptors are stretch receptors located in the aortic sinus, carotid bodies, the venae cavae, and other locations, including pulmonary vessels and the right side of the heart itself. Rates of firing from the baroreceptors represent blood pressure, level of physical activity, and the relative distribution of blood. The cardiac centre monitor baroreceptor firing to maintain cardiac homeostasis, a mechanism called the baroreceptor reflex. With increased pressure and stretch, the rate of baroreceptor firing increases, and the cardiac centre decrease sympathetic stimulation and increase parasympathetic stimulation. As pressure and stretch decrease, the rate of baroreceptor firing decreases, and the cardiac centre increase sympathetic stimulation and decrease parasympathetic stimulation. There is a similar reflex, called the atrial reflex or Bainbridge reflex, associated with varying rates of blood flow to the atria. Increased venous return stretches the walls of the atria where specialised baroreceptors are located. However, as the atrial baroreceptors increase their rate of firing and as they stretch due to the increased blood pressure, the cardiac centre responds by increasing sympathetic stimulation and inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation to increase HR. The opposite is also true. Increased metabolic by-products associated with increased activity, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and lactic acid, plus falling oxygen levels, are detected by a suite of chemoreceptors innervated by the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. These chemoreceptors provide feedback to the cardiovascular centre about the need for increased or decreased blood flow, based on the relative levels of these substances. Disorders of the Heart: Broken Heart Syndrome Extreme stress from such life events as the death of a loved one, an emotional break up, loss of income, or foreclosure of a home may lead to a condition commonly referred to as broken heart syndrome. This condition may also be called Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, transient apical ballooning syndrome, apical ballooning cardiomyopathy, stress-induced cardiomyopathy, Gebrochenes-Herz syndrome, and stress cardiomyopathy. The recognised effects on the heart include congestive heart failure due to a profound weakening of the myocardium not related to lack of oxygen. This may lead to acute heart failure, lethal arrhythmias, or even the rupture of a ventricle. The exact aetiology is not known, but several factors have been suggested, including transient vasospasm, dysfunction of the cardiac capillaries, or thickening of the myocardium—particularly in the left ventricle—that may lead to the critical circulation of blood to this region. While many patients survive the initial acute event with treatment to restore normal function, there is a strong correlation with death. Careful statistical analysis by the Cass Business School, a prestigious institution located in London, published in 2008, revealed that within one year of the death of a loved one, women are more than twice as likely to die and males are six times as likely to die as would otherwise be expected. Other Factors Influencing Heart Rate Using a combination of autorhythmicity and innervation, the cardiovascular centre can provide relatively precise control over HR. However, there are a number of other factors that have an impact on HR as well, including adrenaline, noradrenaline and thyroid hormones; levels of various ions including calcium, potassium, and sodium; body temperature; hypoxia; and pH balance (Table 6.4.1 and Table 6.4.2). After reading this section, the importance of maintaining homeostasis should become even more apparent. Table 6.4.1. Major factors increasing heart rate and force of contraction Factor Effect Cardioaccelerator nerves Release of noradrenaline (NA) Proprioceptors Increased rates of firing during exercise Chemoreceptors Decreased levels of O2, increased levels of H+, CO2 and lactic acid Baroreceptors Decreased rates of firing, indicating falling blood volume/pressure Limbic system Anticipation of physical exercise or strong emotions Catecholamines Increased adrenaline and noradrenaline Thyroid hormones Increased T3 and T4 Calcium Increased Ca2+ Potassium Decreased K+ Sodium Decreased Na+ Body temperature Increased body temperature Nicotine and caffeine Stimulants, increased heart rate Table 6.4.2. Factors decreasing heart rate and force of contraction Factor Effect Cardioinhibitory nerves (vagus) Release of acetylcholine Proprioceptors Decreased rates of firing following exercise Baroreceptors Increased rates of firing, indicating higher blood volume/pressure Limbic System Anticipation of relaxation Catecholamines Decreased adrenaline and noradrenaline Thyroid hormones Decreased T3 and T4 Calcium Decreased Ca2+ Potassium Increased K+ Sodium Increased Na+ Body temperature Decrease in body temperature Adrenaline (A) and Noradrenaline (NA) The catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline, secreted by the adrenal medulla form one component of the extended fight-or-flight mechanism. The other component is sympathetic stimulation. Adrenaline and NA have similar effects: binding to the beta-1 receptors, and opening sodium and calcium ion chemical- or ligand-gated channels. The rate of depolarisation is increased by this additional influx of positively charged ions, so the threshold is reached more quickly and the period of repolarisation is shortened. However, massive releases of these hormones coupled with sympathetic stimulation may actually lead to arrhythmias. There is no parasympathetic stimulation to the adrenal medulla. Thyroid Hormones In general, increased levels of thyroid hormone, or thyroxine, increase cardiac rate and contractility. The impact of thyroid hormone is typically of a much longer duration than that of the catecholamines. The physiologically active form of thyroid hormone, T3 or triiodothyronine, has been shown to directly enter cardiomyocytes and alter activity at the level of the genome. It also impacts the beta adrenergic response similar to adrenaline and NA described above. Excessive levels of thyroxine may trigger tachycardia. Calcium ion levels have great impacts upon both HR and contractility; as the levels of calcium ions increase, so do HR and contractility. High levels of calcium ions (hypercalcaemia) may be implicated in a short QT interval and a widened T wave in the ECG. The QT interval represents the time from the start of depolarisation to repolarisation of the ventricles and includes the period of ventricular systole. Extremely high levels of calcium may induce cardiac arrest. Drugs known as calcium channel blockers slow HR by binding to these channels and blocking or slowing the inward movement of calcium ions. Caffeine and Nicotine Caffeine and nicotine are not found naturally within the body. Both of these nonregulated drugs have an excitatory effect on membranes of neurons in general and have a stimulatory effect on the cardiac centres specifically, causing an increase in HR. Caffeine works by increasing the rates of depolarisation at the SA node, whereas nicotine stimulates the activity of the sympathetic neurons that deliver impulses to the heart. Although it is the world’s most widely consumed psychoactive drug, caffeine is legal and not regulated. While precise quantities have not been established, “normal” consumption is not considered harmful to most people, although it may cause disruptions to sleep and acts as a diuretic. Its consumption by pregnant women is cautioned against, although no evidence of negative effects has been confirmed. Tolerance and even physical and mental addiction to the drug result in individuals who routinely consume the substance. Nicotine, too, is a stimulant and produces addiction. While legal and nonregulated, concerns about nicotine’s safety and documented links to respiratory and cardiac disease and cancer have resulted in warning labels on cigarette packages. Factors Decreasing Heart Rate HR can be slowed when a person experiences altered sodium and potassium levels, hypoxia, acidosis, alkalosis and hypothermia (see Table 6.4.2). The relationship between electrolytes and HR is complex but maintaining electrolyte balance is critical to the normal wave of depolarisation. Of the two ions, potassium has the greater clinical significance. Initially, both hyponatraemia (low sodium levels) and hypernatraemia (high sodium levels) may lead to tachycardia. Severely high hypernatraemia may lead to fibrillation, which may cause CO to cease. Severe hyponatraemia leads to both bradycardia and other arrhythmias. Hypokalaemia (low potassium levels) also leads to arrhythmias, whereas hyperkalaemia (high potassium levels) causes the heart to become weak and flaccid, and ultimately to fail. Heart muscle relies exclusively on aerobic metabolism for energy. Hypoxia (an insufficient supply of oxygen) leads to decreasing HRs, since metabolic reactions fuelling heart contraction are restricted. Stroke Volume Many of the same factors that regulate HR also impact cardiac function by altering SV. While several variables are involved, SV is ultimately dependent upon the difference between EDV and ESV. The three primary factors to consider are preload, or the stretch on the ventricles prior to contraction; the contractility, or the force or strength of the contraction itself; and afterload, the force the ventricles must generate to pump blood against the resistance in the vessels. These factors are summarised in Table 6.4.1 and Table 6.4.2. Preload is another way of expressing EDV. Therefore, the greater the EDV is, the greater the preload is. One of the primary factors to consider is filling time, or the duration of ventricular diastole during which filling occurs. The more rapidly the heart contracts, the shorter the filling time becomes, and the lower the EDV and preload are. This effect can be partially overcome by increasing the second variable, contractility, and raising SV, but over time, the heart is unable to compensate for decreased filling time, and preload also decreases. With increasing ventricular filling, both EDV or preload increase, and the cardiac muscle itself is stretched to a greater degree. At rest, there is little stretch of the ventricular muscle, and the sarcomeres remain short. With increased ventricular filling, the ventricular muscle is increasingly stretched and the sarcomere length increases. As the sarcomeres reach their optimal lengths, they will contract more powerfully, because more of the myosin heads can bind to the actin on the thin filaments, forming cross bridges and increasing the strength of contraction and SV. If this process were to continue and the sarcomeres stretched beyond their optimal lengths, the force of contraction would decrease. However, due to the physical constraints of the location of the heart, this excessive stretch is not a concern. The relationship between ventricular stretch and contraction has been stated in the well-known Frank-Starling mechanism or simply Starling’s Law of the Heart. This principle states that, within physiological limits, the force of heart contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of the muscle fibre. This means that the greater the stretch of the ventricular muscle (within limits), the more powerful the contraction is, which in turn increases SV. Therefore, by increasing preload, you increase the second variable, contractility. Any sympathetic stimulation to the venous system will increase venous return to the heart, which contributes to ventricular filling, and EDV and preload. While much of the ventricular filling occurs while both atria and ventricles are in diastole, the contraction of the atria, the atrial kick, plays a crucial role by providing the last 20–30 percent of ventricular filling. It is virtually impossible to consider preload or ESV without including an early mention of the concept of contractility. Indeed, the two parameters are intimately linked. Contractility refers to the force of the contraction of the heart muscle, which controls SV, and is the primary parameter for impacting ESV. The more forceful the contraction is, the greater the SV and smaller the ESV are. Less forceful contractions result in smaller SVs and larger ESVs. Factors that increase contractility are described as positive inotropic factors, and those that decrease contractility are described as negative inotropic factors (ino- = “fibre;” -tropic = “turning toward”). Not surprisingly, sympathetic stimulation is a positive inotrope, whereas parasympathetic stimulation is a negative inotrope. Sympathetic stimulation triggers the release of NE at the neuromuscular junction from the cardiac nerves and stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete adrenaline and NE. In addition to their stimulatory effects on HR, they also bind to both alpha and beta receptors on the cardiac muscle cell membrane to increase metabolic rate and the force of contraction. This combination of actions has the net effect of increasing SV and leaving a smaller residual ESV in the ventricles. In comparison, parasympathetic stimulation releases ACh at the neuromuscular junction from the vagus nerve. The membrane hyperpolarises and inhibits contraction to decrease the strength of contraction and SV, and to raise ESV. Since parasympathetic fibres are more widespread in the atria than in the ventricles, the primary site of action is in the upper chambers. Parasympathetic stimulation in the atria decreases the atrial kick and reduces EDV, which decreases ventricular stretch and preload, thereby further limiting the force of ventricular contraction. Stronger parasympathetic stimulation also directly decreases the force of contraction of the ventricles. Several synthetic drugs, including dopamine and isoproterenol, have been developed that mimic the effects of adrenaline and NE by stimulating the influx of calcium ions from the extracellular fluid. Higher concentrations of intracellular calcium ions increase the strength of contraction. Excess calcium (hypercalcaemia) also acts as a positive inotropic agent. The drug digitalis lowers HR and increases the strength of the contraction, acting as a positive inotropic agent by blocking the sequestering of calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to higher intracellular calcium levels and greater strength of contraction. In addition to the catecholamines from the adrenal medulla, other hormones also demonstrate positive inotropic effects. These include thyroid hormones and glucagon from the pancreas. Negative inotropic agents include hypoxia, acidosis, hyperkalaemia, and a variety of synthetic drugs. These include numerous beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. Early beta blocker drugs include propranolol and pronethalol and are credited with revolutionising treatment of cardiac patients experiencing angina pectoris. There is also a large class of dihydropyridine, phenylalkylamine, and benzothiazepine calcium channel blockers that may be administered decreasing the strength of contraction and SV. Afterload refers to the tension that the ventricles must develop to pump blood effectively against the resistance in the vascular system. Any condition that increases resistance requires a greater afterload to force open the semilunar valves and pump the blood. Damage to the valves, such as stenosis, which makes them harder to open will also increase afterload. Any decrease in resistance decreases the afterload. Figure 6.4.4 summarises the major factors influencing SV, Figure 6.4.5 summarises the major factors influencing CO, and Table 6.4.3 and Table 6.4.4 summarise cardiac responses to increased and decreased blood flow and pressure in order to restore homeostasis. Major factors influencing stroke volume. Multiple factors impact preload, afterload, and contractility, and are the major considerations influencing SV. Figure 6.4.4. Major factors influencing stroke volume. Multiple factors impact preload, afterload, and contractility, and are the major considerations influencing SV. Flowchart that simarise major factors influencing cardiac output Table 6.4.3. Cardiac response to decreasing blood flow and pressure due to decreasing cardiac output Sensitive to Decreasing stretch Decreasing O2 and increasing CO2, H+ and lactic acid Target Parasympathetic stimulation suppressed Sympathetic stimulation increased Response of heart Increasing heart rate and increasing stroke volume Increasing heart rate and increasing stroke volume Overall effect Increasing blood flow and pressure due to increasing cardiac output; haemostasis restored Increased blood flow and pressure due to increasing cardiac output; haemostasis restored Table 6.4.4. Cardiac response to increasing blood flow and pressure due to increasing cardiac output Sensitive to Increasing stretch Increasing O2 and increasing CO2, H+ and lactic acid Target Parasympathetic stimulation increased Sympathetic stimulation suppressed Response of heart Decreasing heart rate and decreasing stroke volume Decreasing heart rate and decreasing stroke volume Overall effect Decreasing blood flow and pressure due to decreasing cardiac output; haemostasis restored Decreasing blood flow and pressure due to decreasing cardiac output; haemostasis restored Section Review Many factors affect HR and SV, and together, they contribute to cardiac function. HR is largely determined and regulated by autonomic stimulation and hormones. There are several feedback loops that contribute to maintaining homeostasis dependent upon activity levels, such as the atrial reflex, which is determined by venous return. SV is regulated by autonomic innervation and hormones, but also by filling time and venous return. Venous return is determined by activity of the skeletal muscles, blood volume, and changes in peripheral circulation. Venous return determines preload and the atrial reflex. Filling time directly related to HR also determines preload. Preload then impacts both EDV and ESV. Autonomic innervation and hormones largely regulate contractility. Contractility impacts EDV as does afterload. CO is the product of HR multiplied by SV. SV is the difference between EDV and ESV. Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License Share This Book
Is cryptocurrency a risky investment? Like with any investment that you may make, there are always risks associated with cryptocurrency investments. Digital currencies have grown exponentially despite wild swings in the crypto market, and investors are often left baffled by the unexplainable gains and losses experienced. Many view cryptocurrencies as the future of monetary exchange despite their unpredictable nature. Whilst there is great optimism for the crypto market, it is important to educate yourself on the risks of crypto investments. Risks of cryptocurrencies There is a lack of regulatory framework in the crypto market, which leads to uncertainty regarding manipulation and price volatility. Different countries have taken varying approaches in an effort to regulate cryptocurrencies. Since no unified regulatory system exists for cryptocurrencies, this increases the uncertainty surrounding crypto investments and the overall market. Although there has been a shift in perspective from some governments who are slowly adopting digital assets, the vast majority remain sceptical and have tightened restrictions on cryptocurrencies. The technological aspect of digital assets develop fairly quickly. Whilst the more established cryptocurrencies may be at an advantage due to their popularity and large venture capital investments, there is always the technological risk that newer cryptocurrencies may emerge as a more advanced cryptocurrency. This, in turn, has the potential to devalue existing cryptocurrencies. The concept of cryptocurrencies continue to innovate as it develops, so it is possible for something unexpected to arise. There is also the risk of a cryptocurrencies protocol software being infected with bugs. Whilst the likelihood of this is low, the continual developments and upgrades with new codes make its technology vulnerable to attack vectors. In terms of Bitcoin, developments like Taproot can make the currency’s underlying protocol prone to infiltration. Ether has a higher risk due to the Ethereum blockchain’s development of a proof-of-stake (POS) consensus protocol. The POS is an experimental technology, and with such projects comes the possibility of code bugs and failures that show up at the implementation stage. When looking at the two biggest cryptocurrencies in the market, Bitcoin and Ether, there is always the risk that a more efficient and secure competitor could replace those digital assets. Whilst the possibility exists, as these digital currencies are based on open-source code, the reality is that it is highly unlikely. Due to the sheer size of both the Bitcoin and Ethereum networks, competitors may have difficulty usurping them. With regards to Bitcoin, not only does it enjoy strength in the number of active addresses, but it also has a considerable number of miners that secure the network by using computational power. A competitor to Bitcoin would have to prize away these Bitcoin miners with a more profitable and attractive alternative. The Ethereum network finds itself in a similar position to Bitcoin, and competitors would have to offer something extraordinary to change the status quo. Fraud and Money Laundering The crypto market has seen its fair share of fraudulent activity, especially as cryptos gain more popularity across the globe. With interest levels in crypto increasing, fraudsters have created fake exchanges that aim to dupe unsuspecting crypto traders. The lack of security regarding fake exchanges creates a massive risk for investors. Although there are systems in place to curb this fraudulent activity, security remains a big problem in terms of counterfeit exchanges. Crypto wallets are used to store your cryptocurrency, and many fake wallets have popped up. These fake wallets use malware to infect your device and aim to steal your passwords in order to access your information. Phishing scams are also popular amongst fraudsters that trick investors into thinking that certain websites or companies are authentic. They typically coax you into clicking on a link that redirects you to a fake page where your login details are required. Disclosing your login details on these fake platforms will enable fraudsters to access your funds with consummate ease. Money laundering is another big concern in the crypto market as it is a system of unregulated cross-border space that has the potential for funds to move covertly. Much noise has been made about the anonymity of transactions, the difficulty in tracking their movements, and the lack of control. While digital assets do not actively promote illegal activity, their anonymous nature makes them an ideal platform for money laundering. Tips to invest in cryptocurrency safely If you are looking to invest in cryptos, you can follow these tips to get you started. Diversify your portfolio Research exchanges Prepare for volatility Bottom Line
Olivier-Hugues Terreault This description of Olivier-Hugues Terreault's work was prepared when Olivier-Hugues Terreault was elected to the Ashoka Fellowship in 2014. The New Idea The Problem A growing elderly population is a global trend. In Brazil, the over 60 age group has increased by 41% in the last decade and, in 30 years, the proportion of the population considered elderly (over 60 years-old) will increase from 10 to 30 percent. Although this change will be felt across society, institutions in Brazil -- government, health professionals, and families -- are particularly unprepared, both structurally and economically. What’s more, there is little dissemination of information on prevention, identification, and treatment of diseases related to aging. Forms of dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease, is an especial source of fear and prejudice because it is not well understood by the general population. In Latin America, nearly 9% of the elderly exhibit some sort of dementia. There are approximately 1 million people living with dementia in Brazil, and this number is expected to double every 20 years. Families and even health professionals often have difficulty communicating with the elderly, and those suffering from dementia are even harder to reach. This social isolation makes health treatments, which on their own are trying enough, even more stressful. The easiest solution usually is neglect, either inside the home or through institutionalization. However, rather than getting rid of the problem, this lack of attention ends up worsening existing conditions, and can cause further spiral into dementia and more rapid evolution of health issues. In some countries, institutionalization of the elderly is common; however, in Brazil, seniors tend to remain at home with family. Despite this trend, few families are emotionally and psychologically equipped to deal with caring for their relatives as more complex health situations arise. Behavior change that may occur with age, and especially with dementia, it is difficult for family members to cope with. Families may have trouble accepting this new person and relating to them, and the expectation that the “old person” will return causes pain and communication problems on both sides. The current medical system also fails to address this issue, since it still has a focus on the quality of the patient’s health, rather than in their quality of life. On a more macro scale, public and corporate policies in Brazil fall far short of dealing with the needs caused by an aging population. Due to the conception that the elderly are not economically productive, there is little interest and investment in the population – they are excluded by the labor market and isolated by cities. Furthermore, Brazil’s decision making process is characterized by strong vertical management and tends to exclude vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, in the decision making process. At Brazil’s corporate level, there is little managerial integration between seniors and youth. Because of the highly competitive environment, the seniors are typically left behind, sometimes kicked out or excluded from the labor market even before retirement age. The Strategy After years of direct research with institutionalized elderly and people with dementia in Canada, Olivier developed a clowning therapy methodology to work with this group. In Canada, through his NGO Jovia, Olivier’s interventions have directly benefited 16,000 seniors in long-term care centers, besides their families and health professionals in the cities of Quebec and Montreal. To give patients a sense of familiarity in the context of a place where they do not belong (nursing homes, hospitals), his approach was based on the discovery of the subjects and memories that could trigger a sense of life and resilience in the senior. Through cultural references, Olivier’s approach attempts to take the senior back to their youth, reminding them of happy times when they felt useful to society. Thus, the references in the clown/senior interaction, are based on the 1940s: the clown’s costume, perfume, vocabulary, songs, mannerisms and expressions, objects, and games. Olivier created his new clown therapy method to specifically work with the elderly and elderly with dementia. To connect with this audience, the clown is not the figure of a physician, but represents a family member, who is presented with clothing and habits of an era familiar to the patient, thereby triggering good memories and sensations. Olivier’s intervention has several dimensions. Through memories, it individualizes the elderly, encouraging their emotional, social, and recreational skills. Its regularity interrupts their feelings of no longer being relevant to anyone. The creation of an atmosphere in which imagination and play are allowed decreases stress and anxiety. Depending on the response of the elderly, Olivier uses different approaches and forms of communication, giving the senior the control of his or her universe. Depending on the patient’s level of dementia, the communication can be made through sounds, rhythms, or even by breath. Affectionate touch in a context where physical contact is only for basic healthcare is also essential in the process of breaking isolation. Olivier’s interventions are so happy and significant that patients with Alzheimer’s have shown to have memories of the clowns. Always seeking improvement, Olivier studies the best therapeutic clowning practices in the world, working and feeding his reflections in close collaboration with health professionals and professional clowns to improve his methodology. One of the most important aspects of Olivier’s approach is the acceptance of the senior and his or her emotions as they are. Every patient is treated differently, according to what the patient feels. The clown then deals with the individual’s particular emotions in a fun, light way. One example is that Olivier visited an elderly woman whose family was ashamed of her, because since the onset of Alzheimer’s, her behavior had changed and she would spend the entire day insulting people and cursing. In working with her, Olivier accepted her emotions; instead of ignoring or reprimanding her for the insults, he absorbed them, even insulting her back -- and this is how they started to bond. He even developed an “insulting game” with creative rules; for example, they had to insult each other, but only using vegetable names. They had a lot of fun together and, the more fun she had, the more she was able to open up, and the insulting slowed and she began smiling and showing affection. Olivier then invited the family to participate -- to accept the person that was now there, to create a relationship with her, and to allow themselves to let go of the person they knew. Through the interventions, Olivier is developing communication tools to bring the principles of empathy to the personal and professional relationships with seniors, creating a community of caring and understanding around them. To do this, he has developed lectures and an educational program to give all the actors that interact with the elderly tools to communicate with this group, especially those with dementia and Alzheimer’s. Treatment or just acceptance of the problem can be more effective if those who work with the elderly are able to relate to them as people and not only see them for their health problems. With the application of such simple tools for building quality relationships, Olivier transforms the lives of the elderly and their families, within the complex reality of a clinical condition that can weaken or even tear apart essential ties. In Brazil, Olivier has spent a year researching the context of the elderly in the country, in order to to adapt his work in Canada to this reality, and founding the Teatro do Sopro (Theatre of Breath) organization. In terms of framework, Olivier has detected that for his intervention, unlike in Canada, Brazil requires work with the institutional ecosystem into which the elderly are inserted. With this insight, along with incubation and research support from the Center for Aging Research at the Vital Brazil Institute, Olivier outlined his plan of action in the country. Its focus is education, training, and influencing public and corporate policies. In the next two years, Olivier plans to train 2,000 people through lectures and education workshops, to impact more than 7,200 people directly and indirectly. With the support of researchers in the areas of health and aging, Olivier envisions his trainings to fill the gap between research on aging and its actual application in relating to the elderly. Olivier also gives lectures to sensitize decision makers to the needs and the potential of the elderly, through the clowns’ experiences. His goal is to serve as a bridge between the public and private leaders and this population, bringing a fresh look to the issues around aging and influencing the creation of policies that take the population’s needs into account. Teatro do Sopro has established partnerships with companies such as Lilly and Fiocruz who, motivated by a talk given by Olivier, began thinking of ways to improve their policies with employees and this specific population. The Person Born in the outskirts of Montreal, Olivier became a professional dancer at the age of 15. In school, he earned a degree in dance and alternative theater. He founded and directed an alternative theater company for 7 years, in which his performances were always grounded in research and had the individual spectator at its center. As a practicing Buddhist since the age of 16 and a meditation teacher, Olivier deeply values and practices empathy and has applied many lessons from this philosophy, such as the acceptance of death and suffering. Buddhism has strongly influenced Olivier’s interest in therapeutic clowning, such as the idea of accepting vulnerability instead of perceiving it as a weakness or something negative. Thus, he created the NGO Jovia in Canada as a meaningful way to merge use artistic and entrepreneurial skills for social good. Olivier has always been fascinated by the European clown universe. He discovered therapeutic clowning on a special public radio program and immediately understood the connection between the European clown, who never really fits in his environment, and the patient, who is not a part of his medical environment. Olivier also saw in the therapeutic clown the wandering monk figure from the Buddhist tales he had always admired, travelling with humor and lightheartedness to lift spirits with a provocative, funny, and empowering attitude. Influenced by these figures, and with a penchant for risk-taking and gathering different people together, Olivier started practicing clowning therapy in pediatric hospitals. Then, a nursing home called him to do it with the elderly. He had never dealt with seniors in his life (his grandparents died when he was young), but Olivier accepted the challenge. Trying to see situations through the clown’s perspective of empathy and levity, Olivier started creating relational techniques to deal with this group. Always valuing academic research to support his actions, Olivier then formalized his methodology based on two pillars: research and empathy. After his success in Canada, in 2011, Olivier moved to Brazil with his Brazilian wife. Since arriving, all of his energy has gone into discovering how to implement his initiative in the country. After a year and a half of research, making contacts, and testing pilots, Olivier has outlined his action strategy to transform the relationships of the elderly and society in Brazil and has no intention of returning to Canada.
Guitar Sight Reading: Tips and Methods for Practice One of the reasons it may be so common to neglect practicing sight reading guitar music is that you may not know specifically what to do in your practice to improve the sight-reading skill. What is Guitar Sight Reading? “Sight reading” is seeing a note and playing it. It’s seeing a note on a page of music, and being able to render it as musical sound. We also use the term “read music”. This is not reading like in a book. Instead, it’s seeing a note and playing it. Why Practice Sight Reading on Guitar? Guitarists are famous for being terrible sight-readers. And for good reason: it’s difficult to read music well on the guitar. There are, on average, 2.8 places to play each note on the guitar neck. In addition to reading the music, we also have to constantly make decisions as to where on the neck we’ll play the notes. Tricky! So very few guitarists become good at reading music without a conscious effort to do so. But the ones that do enjoy the many benefits that come when we learn to read music. Benefits such as: 1. Learning music more quickly 2. Being able to read music and play with others 3. Being able to “sample” more music 4. Easier memorization of pieces 5. Better hand/eye coordination 6. Ability to recognize common musical elements and patterns Constructing Your Sight Reading Guitar Practice A haphazard approach, if consistent, will still be worth the time. You will get better. But if you want to really get the most from your time and work, it’s best to have a game-plan and track it. The Ingredients of Effective Practice To actually improve your sight reading skills, a few elements need to be in place. In his book “Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise“, Anders Ericsson suggests: The Goals of Guitar Sight Reading Practice 1. Keep Going, Keep Your Eyes Moving Forward One of the main habits that effective sight reading practice develops is the ability to keep going, even if you miss notes. 2. Aim for 60–80% If you’re getting more than 80% correct, you should either speed up the metronome, or choose more difficult music. We guitar players would love for everything to be perfect, but 100% is not the goal here. What is NOT the Goal of a Sight Reading Practice Session Avoid allowing yourself to get trapped into striving for the following: 1. Perfection Is Not the Goal 2. Accurate Fingerings Do Not Matter When sight-reading, the only goal is to sound the note at the right time. It doesn’t matter which finger you use. If you decide to learn the piece in earnest later, then you can pay attention to fingering. When sight reading, fingerings don’t matter. 3. Comfort Means You Need to Speed Up Beware of comfort when practicing the skill of the reading music. Sight Reading Practice Tips Here are a few tips for your sight reading practice. 1. Use a metronome Always. Just get into the habit. As a guitar player, it’s worth your time. Set it for a slow tempo and play with it. 2. Use single-line music Even though classical guitar players use many notes at once, use single-line music for your sight-reading practice. 3. Use music below your current playing level A common mistake guitar players make is to use repertoire you may intend to play as sight-reading practice. Don’t try and sight-read Spanish Guitar Music like Asturias – Leyenda, or the Concierto de Aranjuez. This doesn’t really work. Instead, choose music that is a level or two below you. (This can be useful in other contexts as well.). If this means avoiding music with ledger lines and odd time signatures, that’s okay. Flute music, violin music, fiddle tunes, jazz charts (the Charlie Parker Omnibook works well) or anything else you find can be very effective. The music you choose does not even need to be written in concert pitch. You can often get books of sight-reading material at used book stores, estate sales, or online. Or see the CGS Free Sheet Music Library. 4. Glance over the music first to spot any tricky spots 5. Set a timer 6. A little each day A few minutes every day is much more effective than one big chunk of time on the weekend. Guitar players who do a bit daily see greater gains. Methods for Practicing Sight-reading Method One: All New Notes Turn on the metronome, and watch the notes fly by. Method Two: Leveling Up Method Three: Develop Periphery Skills Reading Rhythms Put down your guitar, and spend some time here. When you learn some common rhythms, it will make reading them easier. This course on reading rhythm focuses on this skill. Music Theory The more you understand music theory, the more sense a string of notes or chords will make. You’ll have an understanding of why a certain chord or bass note was chosen, and why others are to be avoided. You’ll understand the time signatures and key signatures. Music theory can be a rather deep rabbithole. People spend their lives exploring and studying it (high-level jazz guitar players are experts). If you’re just getting started with it, it’s easy to get overwhelmed. So the key is to keep it manageable and usable. Slow and steady wins the race. Ingraining Scale and Chord Shapes Another beneficial skill for your practice sessions is to be able to readily recognize common scale and chord shapes. This is especially helpful with the notes above and below the staff (on ledger lines). Increasing Focus This one will help every single area of your life. Your sight-reading ability as a guitar player is directly linked to your ability to stay focused on the task at hand. In this case, that task is seeing a note on a page of sheet music and playing it on the guitar. Meditation and mindfulness exercises are of tremendous benefit to many aspects of learning guitar. Any time you can practice bringing your attention back to what you currently see or hear (not your story around it, but the actual thing), or your breath or body, you’re building a muscle that will prove useful not just in your sight-reading, but throughout your guitar practice (and everyday life). This means you can have many practice sessions per day, instead of just the one. Easy Does It: Pick One and Get Going Sight-reading can seem overwhelming at first. It can feel very challenging. It takes massive brain-power. Sight-reading is a muscle. It’s a skill. One day of exertion won’t get you much. It takes regular attention and focus consistently over time. And to do that, it has to be manageable and easy to initiate. Ideally, it’s also rewarding and perhaps even fun! As guitar players, we can learn to love this practice. So instead of forming the perfect sight-reading practice plan, just pick up whatever you have on hand and start playing the notes you see. If the music is too difficult, just play the notes with the stems pointing up (or down). Ignore the rhythm. Play just the top note of any chords you come across (maybe in a piece such as Amazing Grace). Go slow. Do whatever you have to do to keep going. Allen Mathews Hi, I’m Allen Mathews. Click here for a sample formula. Become a Member and Play More, Beautifully! Charles Poliquin • Move your hands safely and fluidly • Enjoy fulfilling practices and meaningful work • Play beautifully with expression and flow Click the button to take a step towards an organized, effective guitar practice. >>>
TIMELINE-'He wanted to die rather than go back': a year of migration Reuters \| Updated: 21-09-2021 23:28 IST \| Created: 21-09-2021 23:28 IST Cold, hunger and danger. These are the conditions people face when they flee their countries, often risking their lives to escape circumstances ranging from poverty to war. About 4.2 million people were reported as stateless at the end of last year, although the true global figure is estimated to be significantly higher, according to the U.N. refugee agency. Between 2018 and 2020, an average of between 290,000 and 340,000 children per year were born into a refugee life. Below is an overview of some of the struggles people leaving their homelands have faced this year so far. JANUARY * In Bosnia, dozens of people, some fleeing conflict in Afghanistan, shelter in abandoned buildings in and around the northwestern town of Bihac. They wrap up as best they can against snow and frost as they queue to reach European Union-member Croatia across the border. * Thousands of Hondurans, including many families with children, cross the border at El Florido to Guatemala, hoping to reach the United States. Skirmishes break out at the border and Guatemalan authorities use sticks and tear gas to beat back people fleeing poverty and violence https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/honduras-crime-migration in their homeland. FEBRUARY * Spanish police in the North African enclave of Melilla rescue people hiding in waste containers, including one inside a plastic bag full of toxic ash, as they try to make their way to the Spanish mainland. * German NGO ship Sea-Watch rescues more than 360 people from dinghies off the Libyan coast. The central Mediterranean migration route from Sub-Saharan Africa to Italy is known as one of the world's deadliest. MARCH * Deteriorating security and economic conditions in Mexico and the Northern Triangle - Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador - has led to the biggest rise in the number of migrants at the United States' southwestern border in 20 years, with President Joe Biden's administration racing to handle an influx of children trying to cross the border alone. MAY * Spain deploys troops to the Spanish enclave of Ceuta in northern Africa to patrol the border with Morocco after around 8,000 people enter the North African enclave by swimming in or climbing over the fence. Spanish soldier, Rachid Mohamed, talks to a boy who is using plastic bottles to stay afloat and swim across to El Tarajal beach from Morocco. "He preferred to die, I have never heard someone as young as that boy say that, that he wanted to die rather than go back to Morocco," the solder said. Around two-thirds of the people who made it to Ceuta, including unaccompanied children, are expelled by the Spanish authorities, but many say they will try again to reach Europe. JUNE * Thousands of Belarusians escaping a political crackdown by President Alexander Lukashenko have fled to neighbouring Poland, where nearly 10,000 have applied for humanitarian visas or asylum in the past year. * Rescue organisations operating in the Mediterranean call for an end to people being handed over to the Libyan authorities due to reports of ill treatment. * More than 40 Africans are rescued, while four die, after their boat ran aground on the coast of Lanzarote in Spain's Canary Islands, while more than 100 people make it safely to other islands. A total of 8,222 people arrived in the Canaries illegally between January 1 and August 15, more than double from the same period of last year, according to Interior Ministry data. JULY * Lithuania accuses Belarus of flying in would-be migrants and asylum-seekers from abroad to send to the European Union and begins building a 550-km (320-mile) razor wire barrier on the border to prevent them crossing illegally. Belarus decided to allow migrants to cross into EU member Lithuania in response to sanctions imposed by the bloc. * Afghans who manage to make the weeks-long journey through Iran on foot to the Turkish border face a three-metre high wall, ditches or barbed wire as Turkish authorities step up efforts to block any refugee influx into the country. * Turkey detains nearly 1,500 people near the Iranian border in just a week amid rising violence in Afghanistan. * France and Britain agree to deploy more police and invest in detection technology on the French coast to try to stop boats packed with people making the perilous voyage across the English Channel. "It was a way of dying," Abdullah Al Badri, an asylum seeker from Kuwait, told Reuters in London when describing how it felt getting onto a boat. "You say 'okay', it's the last point, I'm going to try (at risk of) my life." AUGUST * Greece completes a 40-km fence, guarded by soldiers carrying rifles and equipped with hi-tech monitoring system, on its border with Turkey to stop possible asylum seekers from trying to reach Europe after the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan. * Afghan migrants stranded in Serbia watch in dismay as the Islamist militants take over back home. According to authorities, there are around 4,500 migrants in government-operated camps across Serbia, 1,200 of them from Afghanistan. * A ship carrying 257 people, mainly men from Morocco, Bangladesh, Egypt and Syria rescued from international waters off Tunisia, docks in the Italian port of Trapani accompanied by applause from those onboard. SEPTEMBER * Britain approves plans to turn away boats illegally carrying people to its shores, deepening a diplomatic rift with France over how to deal with a rise of people trying to cross the Channel in small dinghies. * More than 10,000 mostly Haitian people live in a squalid camp under a bridge in southern Texas even as hundreds more head toward the border in a growing humanitarian and political challenge for U.S. President Joe Biden. The Haitians are joined by Cubans, Venezuelans and Nicaraguans under the Del Rio International Bridge across the Rio Grande connecting Ciudad Acuña in Mexico to Del Rio, Texas. They sleep under light blankets, while a few have pitched small tents. (Compiled by Juliette Portala, Anna Rzhevkina, Veronica Snoj and Milla Nissi; Edited by Philippa Fletcher) Give Feedback
5 Ways to Minimize Agricultural Pollution on Your Farm Agricultural pollution could end up causing injury or property damage that could cost a lot of money to resolve. There are several ways to prevent accidents caused by pollution on the farm, especially regarding nutrient runoff. 1. Add Conservation Buffers to Catch Runoff Landscaping isn’t just for beauty anymore. Planting trees, shrubs and grasses along the edges of your fields to add as a conservation buffer can help prevent any runoff. This is especially helpful if you have a field that borders any body of water. These buffers will help absorb nutrients that may run off or can help filter nutrients before they reach the water. 2. Implement Nutrient Management Techniques An easy way to improve nutrient management techniques practices is by ensuring you are applying the fertilizer in the right amount, at the right time of the year, using the correct method and in the right spot. Accuracy can help prevent runoff from farm fields that could affect other farms, livestock or water supply. 3. Control Livestock Access to Waterways Installing fences along any streams, rivers or lakes to keep livestock out of them can help restore the stream banks. It also prevents the livestock from dragging in nutrients or other agricultural pollutants into the water. Make sure the livestock have access to other sources of fresh water instead. 4. Minimize Tillage Using a more conservative tillage schedule can help reduce erosion, runoff and soil compaction, which helps reduce the chances of nutrients reaching waterways or non-owned land. Minimal tilling is also beneficial in improving soil quality, reducing soil sheet erosion and reducing crop establishment time and energy use. 5. Have a Manure Management Plan Along with having an accurate nutrient management technique, having a manure management plan is important to preventing agricultural pollution. Using manure is a common practice that can help replace fertilizer application. The long-term benefits include an increase in soil productivity in the long run. Your plan could include soil sampling and assessment, your preferred nutrient management techniques, and investing in manure storage structures that can help avoid the risk of spills and water contamination. We have an industry-leading Ag Pollution Liability Coverage that can help protect you in the case of a pollution accident. Contact your local Farm Bureau agent to learn more.
Stock seems to be like some household term that we hear a great deal about and more so as we delve further into the information age. But what is a stock really?! A stock itself is simply a share in a company. That’s it! As simple as that sounds, Wall Street and the media have done a great job to confuse investors. To illustrate what it is we are talking about in more detail, lets go over a quick example of two individuals who own a company and how their ownership share relates to owning a stock. Imagine two individuals are trying to open up a small gym down the road. First they would need to finance the project with some money, then have to purchase/rent a building to facilitate the business, then among other things purchase equipment set up the gym and then open doors for daily operations. In this example, they both would share costs, share liabilities, and reap the benefits together 50/50 because they both have a half stake in the company. If for instance over time the business grew to a total value of 1,000,000 dollars, both partners would individually have 500,000 dollars in the company. After some time, one partner decides that they are not content with the size of the company and wants to collect more cash to reinvest into the business to grow the gym further generating larger profits. They would need to go about doing this by going through the various steps in forming a corporation and going public as an Initial Public Offering giving the general public a chance to buy into the gym by issuing shares of common stock. In this example they choose not to want to give up a significant amount of their share but decided that 10 percent would be sufficient enough to generate enough cash to further the company. As a result of this, the two partners will no longer own the company 50/50 anymore, but rather each will have 45 percent and potentially hundreds and even thousands and millions of shareholders will own the remaining 10 percent as the two had originally planned it to be. In this brief simplistic example, you can see the transfer of ownership from the original owners of the gym to the stockholders by the issuing and purchasing of stock in the company giving a more complete understanding of what it means to be an owner in a company. You can also see why business owners offer stock options to and how it can possibly benefit the corporation. There are two main reasons why individuals buy stock in a company. These two reasons include a capital gains appreciation one can receive from successful trading or for profit distribution in the form of a dividend. Capital gains appreciation is simply purchasing a stock for a lower price than what you sold it for on a later date. So, if you purchased 50 shares of Walmart at 50 dollars a share and sell off your shares for 75 dollars at a later date, you would have seen a 50% capital gains appreciation of 1,250 dollars leaving you with a total of 3,750 dollars in your total investment in Walmart. This would be an extremely favorable investment and one that is possible through acquiring sound advice and executing smart financial decisions. Another reason someone purchases stock in a company is to receive a periodic dividend as a result of profit distribution. Shareholders are entitled to profit distributions when companies generate a profit and opt to pay dividends. In many cases, individuals make investment decisions on stocks based on potential capital gains and dividends and weigh their options accordingly. An underlined benefit eluded to in the gym example is by owning stock, you are now a business owner. If you own 5,000 dollars worth of Exxon Mobile, you own 5,000 dollars worth of all assets that the company owns. This means that you get excited when you see people pulling into your gas stations with their large SUVs. As a business owner, you have voting rights and a right to your share of the assets in the company if for whatever reason the company went bankrupt and they needed to sell off their valuables. Being financially tied in a company, you are interested in the decisions and steps your company is taking to experience a greater level of profitability and anticipate positive news that increase the value of your investment.
Ways to Protect Your Teeth e1518604035444 15 Easy Ways to Protect Your Teeth from Tooth Decay & Gum Disease The eyes may be the window to the soul, but there's nothing to beat a healthy smile when it comes to making a perfect impression. A set of bright, pearly whites can charm anyone. Here's how you can make sure that you care for your teeth, and ensure you have a bright, ready smile instead of a tight-lipped one, every day of your life. Ways to Protect Your Teeth Ways to Protect Your Teeth Photo by: Amazon #1 Brush the Teeth Twice in a Day According to the American Dental Association, brushing teeth twice a day for at least a couple of minutes can keep your pearly whites in top form. Brushing the teeth and tongue with a soft, bristled toothbrush and a toothpaste with fluoride can help keep cavities and bacteria at bay. Brushing also washes off particles that can damage the teeth and lead to cavities. #2 Morning Brushing Keeps Your Teeth Fresh All Day Long The mouth is at a temperature of 37 degree Celsius and remains warm and moist as a result of which trapping of food particles can lead to bacteria and plaque deposits. When this builds up, it leads to calcification or hardening of the teeth resulting in calculus or tartar. This irritates the gums and exacerbates gum disease, apart from causing bad breath as well. Brushing in the morning is essential because it keeps plaque that formed overnight at bay. #3 Don't Brush For Too Long If you brush more than 2 times a day for longer than a total of 4 minutes, you can wear down the enamel layer protecting the pearly whites. With the absence of tooth enamel, a layer of dentin is revealed. These are tiny openings for nerve endings. When these are exposed, the pain of different types can be felt resulting in sensitivity. Close to 20 percent of US residents have suffered sensitivity or pain at some point in their teeth. #4 Don't Brush Too Strongly While it is possible to brush hard, it is essential to avoid brushing as if to exert pressure. If the toothbrush looks squished, it's clear you are applying too much pressure. Enamel is strong enough to offer protection from all that goes on in the mouth due to food particles or sugary drink ingestion. Children, as well as teenagers, have softer enamel compared to older individuals, so they are more prone to erosion and cavities from sweet beverages and sticky food particles. #5 Floss Daily Another way to avoid the minimal scraping on the dental chair is to floss regularly. This loosens particles missed by brushing and removes plaque, preventing the buildup of tartar, the latter being removable only by a dentist. Brushing and flossing can be carried out in any order. The basic focus should be on creating the right cleanliness and safety for your teeth. #6 Avoid Soda Avoid Soda Photo by: Amazon Wisconsin Dental Association has started the sip all day-get decay campaign to alert people about the dangers of soft drinks. Not just sugar soda, but diet soda can harm the teeth as well. Acid found in soda harms the teeth and once the acid cuts away at the enamel, it creates cavities leaving stains on the surface of the tooth and eroding the inner tooth structure. To prevent tooth decay due to drinks, you need to avoid sodas and take essential care of teeth. The teeth are overlooked as they do not get damaged. Once plaque and bacteria have damaged their toll on the tooth, it's tough to save it. Lost or damaged teeth can be costly to treat. Think carefully before ill-treating your teeth. #7 Go For a Balanced Diet Much like any other body part, the teeth requires minerals and nutrition for sustaining health. An important nutrient for the teeth includes magnesium, vitamin D, phosphorous, fluoride and calcium. These nutrients work together to build the tooth enamel and strength it. Get full protection from the root of the tooth to its crown by opting for a nutritious meal that includes meats, grains, oils, fruits, and veggies. #8 Opt for Soft Bristled Toothbrushes American Dental Association has recommended brushing the teeth at least twice a day for ensuring optimal plaque and food particle removal. An essential part of cleaning the teeth well is to use a fluoride-rich toothpaste and protect the teeth from bacteria by strengthening the enamel. A soft bristled toothbrush does not rub against the enamel and destroy it, unlike a hard bristled toothbrush. #9 Always Use Mouth Rinse Many mouth rinses are present in supermarkets and drug stores, but making the right choice is important. Opt for a mouth rinse solution that is antibacterial if you want to fend off plaque and cavities. #10 Don't Skip Meat Vegan diners, listen up. Meat is a source of magnesium and phosphorous. Studies have found weaker teeth in those lacking a meat diet. Taking supplements or finding alternative sources of nutrients to prevent teeth damage is a must for vegetarians to remain in good dental health. #11 Don't Smoke Smoking does not only lead to halitosis, but it can also cause the staining of the teeth. Smoking is carcinogenic and causes heart and diabetic conditions. So, if you opt for a smoke-free life, and kick the habit of opting for cigarettes, you will get more than just healthy teeth, you will access a healthy life. #12 Rinsing the Mouth With Water Post Each Meal Water is essential for rinsing away excess food particles stuck in the mouth. It also neutralizes the chance of acidic impact of food. This is important because acidity erodes tooth enamel and raises the risk of tooth decay and rinsing with water speeds up the teeth remineralization process. #13 Don't Brush Post a Meal Immediately Don't Brush Post a Meal Immediately Photo by: Amazon Resting for at least thirty minutes post the meal is essential, before brushing the teeth so it has time to demineralize. Brushing immediately after the food can weaken the enamel making the teeth weak and causing decay because the process of demineralization is still on. #14 Don't Eat Dark or Sticky Foods Another strict no-no is binging on cakes, candies, pastries, dried fruits, toffee, caffeine, red sauces, and soda. These foods stick to the mouth and feed bacteria, promoting tooth decay and causing the teeth to become stained. #15 Visit a Dental Professional Regularly Every six months, you need to visit a dentist for improving your oral health. The dentist remains aware of the periodontal disease and tooth decay resulting and will be able to solve the issue early on and prevent complications linked with dental problems. A dental check-up is covered by insurance, but the amount to be shelled out is still a lot compared to the small cost of taking care of dental and oral health. Restoration or surgery can prove extremely expensive. Additionally, keeping teeth healthy also maintains a good appearance and ensures optimal dental functionality. Professional cleaning and dental checkups are, therefore, a must. Healthy strong teeth add charm and are a sign of robust health. Tooth decay is a massive problem caused by cavities and toothpaste is needed to be fluoride enriched to avert this. Gum diseases caused on account of plaque can be extremely hard to tackle. Regular cleaning and checkups are necessary to prevent this. Why and How To Save Your Teeth From Dental Diseases Excellent oral health is not just about protecting the health of the gums and the teeth, but also protecting your smile and dental safety for a long time. Even while brushing and flossing regularly, there are some dental and oral health conditions you could also end up with. Whether it's the consequence of your genes or your lifestyle, dental diseases and disorders need to be averted. Here's how you can do it. To comprehend the issues being faced with teeth, what is most critical is to to consider what each tooth comprises of. Right at the center of your tooth is a cavity. It is comprising blood vessels, nerves, and other soft-tissue types. All around this dental pulp is the hard and yellowish material known as dentin. Underneath the level of the gum of the dentin is the hard tissue layer called cementum. Right on top of the gum line is the tough, smooth and white colored outer layer or the enamel. Every tooth is in an area within the jaw bones surrounded by gum tissue or soft gingiva and ligaments support it. Every part of your teeth is essential to good oral and dental health. Infection or disease in one part impacts the other and the overall oral health. Bad Breath/Halitosis Bad breath (also called halitosis) can become a problem for anyone. Bad breath be associated with medical conditions, too. For example, diabetes patients have acetone scent while kidney failure causes fishy mouth smell as do metabolic disorders. Also associated with halitosis are medical conditions like liver failure and lung and/or sinus infections. Bad breath is also the consequence of many other conditions, some of which are usually dental. The smell is caused when cells of bacteria in the plaque generate odor emitting sulfuric compounds. As the tongue is generally textured, food and bacteria accumulate in the mouth. Aggregation of bacteria and its fuel such food items are eaten and their debris drive bad breath and result in the emission of sulfur-compounds linked to this. Bad breath is also due to oral infections, or even cracks or teeth chips resulting from extra bacteria accumulation. Periodontitis can also be linked to bad breath as it makes it impossible to destroy sulfur-emitting bacteria. Most of these dental conditions can be cured. Once it has been medically confirmed the lack of any serious medical condition for bad breath,a dentist can sort out your problem. Dentists can evaluate the halitosis problem and treat oral infections, periodontitis or even cavities. The dental hygienist can treat you and come up with an oral health initiative. This may include special toothpaste with the power to ward off bacteria. Your dentist may even prescribe mouth rinses to reduce halitosis and fend off oral bacteria. Dryness of the Mouth Dryness in the mouth is also linked to a wide number of medical symptoms and conditions. This includes oral diseases like gingivitis, cavity, periodontitis and associated oral diseases. Dryness of the mouth itself is a medical condition called Xerostomia. Signs of this dental problem include excessive thirst, problems in tasting food. Advanced dryness of the mouth may even result in problems in speaking and dry sensations on the mouth surface. There's also difficulty eating food, especially dried foods. Dentures don't remain and lips become dry and crack. A dry mouth can also be the consequence of aging, RA/rheumatoid arthritis, and other such rheumatoid disorders. Hormonal problems, immunity problems, neurological disorders, long-term soft or liquid diet, radiation therapy are some other reasons. Even taking medicines like decongestants, antidepressants and diuretics can be a problem. There's no obvious remedy for dry mouth, but there are several treatment choices. The simplest way to combat Xerostomia is to reduce dryness of the mouth by drinking lots of water and staying hydrated 24/7. When there is dryness, taking a sip is recommended. Chewing sugar-free gum also revitalizes the salivary gland while avoiding certain foods and drinks like sugar-rich items, tobacco and alcohol could also be a way out. Saliva substitutes can also be used for adjusting salivary secretions in an artificial way. When treating dryness of the mouth, consider that a low flow of saliva, which is natural oral rinse of the human body, leads to increased gum diseases, cavities and plaque deposits. Thus, oral hygiene plans deserve attention and you also need to use fluoride-rich toothpaste to stave off this condition. The Sensitivity of the Teeth zahnreinigung 1514693 960 720 If eating or drinking cold or hot foods are causing you discomfort, it's time to consider that you may be suffering from tooth sensitivity. When teeth are destroyed due to physical impact, cavities or grinding of the teeth and gums recede following gum damage, there is exposure of dentin and root surfaces which, once coming into contact with hot or cold liquid or food, differences in sugar or acidity can lead to sharp ache in the tooth and jaw. Bruxism or chronic grinding of teeth lost crowns or fillings, chipped or cracked teeth, gum diseases, tough tooth brushing or even periodontitis influenced gum recession to lead to problems in tooth sensitivity. While replacing lost fillings is easy, many of these conditions lack the ability to be cured. But there are some treatment options that can lower tooth sensitivity. In the event of extreme sensitivity, dentists can try dentin sealer, white fillings or fluoride varnish to shield the root and/or dentin of the teeth which has become exposed. For those who don't want to undergo this dental procedure, easy home-based solutions are there, too. Maintain excellent oral health and use fluoridated, specialized rinses or toothpaste as well as soft-bristled toothbrushes. This can prevent abrasions of the gum. Do not eat acidic foods too much as these can also erode the enamel and increase tooth sensitivity. Additionally, there are desensitizing toothpaste which actively reduces sensitivity. One may want to apply a light layer over exposed roots. Leaving it on for 12 hours before rinsing it could work. Try the brand that works best for you. When tooth sensitivity is caused by tooth grinding or bruxism, wearing mouth guards in the night prevent erosion of teeth enamel and increase the resilience of your teeth. Gingivitis and/or Peridontitis While healthy gums comprise pink or reddish coral appearance, with a firm orange-peel type surfaced tissue and fitted close to teeth along scalloped edges and contours, this is simply not possible for those who suffer from gingivitis or periodontitis. In healthy states, gums do not start bleeding or cause any discomfort during everyday oral hygiene routines like brushing. There is not any swelling or redness. When tartar or plaque deposit along lines of the gum, healthy tissues face pain and inflammation, resulting in a condition known as gingivitis. This medical condition is indicated by red and inflamed gums and bleeding at the time of brushing. It is important to note that oral hygiene intervention reverses the damage, but persistent neglect may result in periodontitis. At this phase, gums are sensitive yet the bone has not eroded and there's no permanent, irreversible harm. However, when gum disease advances to the stage of periodontitis, treatment becomes essential. But the reversal of bone erosion is not possible. Along with swelling and bleeding, infection or pus occur around the teeth or the gums. Additionally, gums pull away from the teeth and there are bad breath and itching. Loose or permanent teeth separate and there are also changes in the bite or even the fitment of dentures. In the final phases of periodontitis, plaque and/or tartar form below the gum line and the ligaments degrade surrounding the teeth. Additionally, gums separate from the teeth causing space for tartar and plaque to form. It is during this phase that oral hygiene and plaque removal or scaling can prevent damage and maintain strong and healthy teeth and gums. Ligament structures do not recover, however. Once the teeth develop this condition, they will always develop gum disease. At later or advanced stages of this disease, ligaments break down and bones surrounding the teeth degrade, causing the gums to be pulled away. The swelling and tooth sensitivity become severe and the condition could advance to a stage where teeth no longer support the mouth. Teeth may even have to be pulled out to safeguard your health. Regular dental visits and frequent check-ups can help to track and catch any of the gum diseases before they cause permanent damage. Just as important is the use of regular floss, and fluoride-rich toothpaste besides regular brushing and even specialized, fluoride-rich mouth rinses, leading to effective oral wellness plans. Pregnancy Gingivitis In the 2nd pregnancy month and for six months post delivery, many mothers experience an increase in swelling of the gum and redness in the gums. The hormones making a woman pregnant increase irritation of the plaque situated near gums. So, if plaque is regularly cleaned, this gingivitis will not occur. The best prevention is excellent oral hygiene. Visit a dentist and receive professional help, if you are facing this condition. Dental Cavities Along with excellent gum health, strict dental hygiene practices can ward off tooth damage like cavities. Dental cavities result when bacteria remains on teeth across time, in spaces between the tooth. The chemical secretions of these bacteria eat the enamel. Limited flow of saliva, too many sugar or sticky foods and too much of a gap between the consumption of such goods and teeth cleaning raise the likelihood of cavities. Natural shape, strength, and position of teeth can also impact the chances of developing a dental cavity. If you have a genetic medical history of bad tooth enamel and constant cavities, oral hygiene preparations can strengthen the enamel and rejuvenate the teeth at early points in cavity formation. Along with sticky foods like cakes and candies, sticky starchy foods like chips can also be a problem. Ensure plaque removal by working towards cavity-less teeth. Bruxism/Tooth Grinding Despite constant oral hygiene, you can face dental concerns. Close to eight to twenty percent of adults have teeth grinding or bruxism, leading to tooth sensitivity, enamel erosion, chipping and cracking of tooth or even jaw pain. Extreme teeth grinding is difficult to diagnose till it reaches a point where individuals suffer pain, migraine, and massive tooth damage. Stress is said to be the main cause of tooth grinding. Stress management and behavioral change programs can reduce the impact of teeth grinding or bruxism. Dental night guards are also recommended to prevent the teeth from facing erosion and/or pressure at the time of sleeping. Sports Injuries One of the biggest and most vulnerable areas in sports is dental. Bruises or broken bones apart, contact sports can be a reason for dental injuries that are costly to fix. Therefore, it is advisable to wear mouthguards and helmets by default in any sports. Mouth guards range across large stock mouthguards to boil-and-bite guards which fit while softening and molding to teeth. There are also custom-guards which offer amazing fitment and protection, without coming in the way of talking or breathing. But these can be expensive. A good mouth guard, however, offers comfortable and long-lasting protection for your teeth. If there's an impact, a good mouth guard can prevent a direct hit. In seeking that perfect smile, people choose braces or orthodontics to correct alignment of the teeth and biting prowess. Though it is generally resulting from fashionable reasons, braces can also be immensely useful for impaired chewing, difficulty in speech, pathological swallowing and facial muscles functioning and a chance of developing cavities associated with misalignment of teeth and biting patterns. But for braces to have serious benefits, they have to be worn for many years. White braces or silver, choosing the right braces is a medical decision. Those wearing braces also face a problem of food bits and/or plaque building up. So, it is essential to brush post meals and use interdental toothbrushes to keep teeth clean. Specialized mouth rinses rich in fluoride and flosses can remove food and plaque debris as well. Sticky or chewy foods should also be given a miss. While braces can ensure the perfect smile, they can also exacerbate the build-up of tartar and plaque. For those wearing dentures, a good fitting pair is a must, to prevent problems in chewing, talking and cleanliness of the teeth. Your dentures should prevent gum-linked damage, infection, irritation, and halitosis. For clean, comfortable dentures, you need to ensure that you are soaking the denture in denture solvents, clean the dentures using denture paste and soak the dentures in water after every meal. Getting a denture that fits well is also essential. Tooth Yellowing/Bleaching With a society where appearances matter, yellow or stained teeth can be a real issue. These stains can be internally caused or the result of damage to certain medications. They can also result from smoking or eating certain foods or consuming alcohol. Internal stains can be impossible to remove. Outer or external stains, however, can be bleached and prevented through good hygiene habits. Always visit a dentist or/and dental hygienist for bleaching your teeth without damaging them. Bleaching teeth at home is not advisable. Smoking and Dental Health Smoking cigarettes and chewing tobacco can damage your lungs and your oral health. These tooth related conditions that appear include the swelling of the mouth and palate roof, tar deposits, teeth staining, slow gum healing, more chances of gum diseases, halitosis, black and hairy tongue, and oral lesions. Last, but not the least is gum recession. Perhaps the most severe and fatal outcome of smoking is undoubtedly oral cancer. In 75% o cases, oral cancer is linked to tobacco and/or alcohol usage and intake. Tobacco-use cessation is the key. Use anti-smoking aids and support groups and consult a health professional to quit smoking. Oral/Mouth Cancer Much like many other cancers, oral cancers can be treated if caught early. As your dentist is not there to evaluate your mouth every day, self-examination is a must. Perform self-checks and check the oral cavity, for swellings, lumps and /or growths in the mouth or the neck, repeated bleeding from the mouth and/or throat and discolored patches in the mouth. If a sore does not heal within 2 weeks, you need to conduct a biopsy and have it examined. Always consult a health professional, when facing symptoms associated with this serious and chronic as well as life-threatening oral disease. 15 ways to protect to protect your teeth Cavities and tooth decay are the second most persistent health problem in America, just after the common cold. A little bit of care can prevent you from joining those afflicted with dental problems. Prevent tooth decay by averting inhalation of secondhand smoke or smoking. Avoid cabs and sugar-rich foods and drinks that only cause bacteria in your mouth to multiply. Not seeing the dentist regularly can also be a wrong move. If you have a dry mouth, you also need medical help. This is because saliva washes away the impurities from the tooth enamel, and protects as well as remineralizes the enamel of the teeth. So, you need to brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste twice a day, rinse regularly, opt for a dental sealant and keep up the regular dental visits. Limit snacks on sugary treats or sipping soda and stick to foods healthy for your teeth. Also, opt for antibacterial treatment by rinsing with a mouthwash that is medically formulated for this purpose. If tooth decay is extensive, it can cause more damage if left untreated. From brushing the teeth to flossing and rinsing daily, swishing with mouthwash, skipping the sugar and brushing the tongue, there's a lot you need to do. Attend to the mouth and gums as well and visit a dentist every six months. Dental cleaning and good oral hygiene can make a difference in your dental health and to your smile! Leave a Comment
Skip to main content Lowering Your DNS Carbon Footprint The Domain Name Service (DNS) is the means by which machine addresses (IP) can be found from their more human consumable names. For example can be translated to and 2a00:1450:4009:80b::2004. DNS is the backbone of modern network communications upon which all of the services we use every day rely. Whenever you visit any website, post to social media, chat on instant messages, stream a movie or adjust your heating from your phone the systems you use are using DNS, extensively, to make sure the right services go to the right place. Between 2016 and 2021 the number of DNS transactions has doubled, from 2 trillion per month to 4 trillion. At the peak of the pandemic, when so many people were locked down, the number of requests ballooned to 8 trillion. Those numbers are difficult to visualise so imagine if those were requests for phone numbers from a telephone operator and the operator could answer every enquiry, accurately, in exactly one second. If that were the case it would take them 127,000 years to handle just one month's queries. Transactions Use Energy Every DNS transaction uses energy, mostly in the form of electricity for the computers, routers and air conditioners in the datacentres. Each one is, therefore, responsible for a tiny amount of carbon emissions. However, when you multiply 'tiny' by a huge number like 4 trillion, you still end up with a very big number. So if we all minimise the DNS transactions we can make a significant contribution to carbon reduction. Of course, it isn't as easy as that and to understand why not we need to understand a little bit about how DNS works. Domain Name Hierarchy When a name is used, e.g. typed into a browser, the local computer uses a resolver which checks to see if it already knows a valid IP for that name. If not, it then starts working through the dotted sections of the full name from right to left. All resolvers know the 13 IP addresses of what are called the 'root servers' and it will send a query to one of those to find where to get information on the rightmost part of the domain name (.uk, .com etc). The root server responds with an address of the lower level nameservers that handle that part (.uk will be different from .com). The query process continues until the resolver finds a nameserver that can give an authoritative answer for the full name. Time-To-Live (TTL) To speed the resolving process up, authoritative nameservers tag each IP address to tell resolvers how long they are valid for. This is called the time-to-live or TTL. The resolvers can then keep a local note of that name/IP pair for the duration of the TTL. If it is asked for the address for the name again, it checks it is still within the TTL period and if it is hand back the address without any other transactions. It seems logical, then, that to green our DNS we just make the TTLs really big? Well, the maximum practical TTL is 7 days and you could set that for all of your names. If you did that, when you changed anything, such as moving your website to a new host, you would have a period of (at least) 7 days where some people saw your old website and some people your new one depending upon when they looked up the address originally. Your regular visitors would, probably, be those that had to wait for the longest. So universal long TTLs is not the only answer as you need short ones for operational flexibility. CNAME Overhead A method of providing ease of management is what's called the Canonical name or CNAME. This record exists for a full name,, but all it does is point to another full name, It is often used when two names have the same IP address and makes life easier for the domain manager to manage just one set of addresses. Sounds useful? Yes, it is, especially when you might be using multiple domains to point to one set of services. However, imagine asking for the phone number of your local swimming baths and the authoritative response you get is that it is the same as your local council. If you don't already know the local council address you have to make a second request to find out what that is. So CNAMES provide ease of management but they increase the number of lookups needed to resolve them. What's the Optimum for Reduced Carbon Emissions? That's the big question! We've covered two of the simplest issues here but there are over 40 other record types that could be causing wasteful DNS inefficiency. The answer, therefore, is that it will vary wildly from domain to domain. One thing that is certain, however, is that just blindly adding IP addresses/CNAMES into a web admin panel isn't going to be anywhere near! Each record needs to be considered in the context of the business priorities and its technical purpose clearly understood. By having an expert look through your DNS zone files you can almost guarantee to save millions of transactions and the associated carbon emissions without losing significant business flexibility. Once you have done this, the work isn't over. As the business priorities change you need a responsive management service to advise on pre-emptive DNS changes. For example, if you know you are going to move email services you can wind the TTLs on the mail exchange (MX) records down in the days before the move so that the switch happens very fast. Then, once the new service is bedded in, wind them back up again to the most environmentally friendly settings you can support. What Can You Do? You have three options: 1. Ignore it. The world is burning anyway, what's a little extra from your DNS zone? 2. Do it yourself. If you have the time and capability to do the research and ongoing maintenance, then all of the answers are out there in the search engines. You will probably have to move your nameservers to a greener provider with a comprehensive management interface and API. 3. Outsource it. Let an expert team, committed to a low carbon world, do it for you. That's exactly what our DNS Service offers using Google's CloudDNS and their efficient data centres. Greening your DNS is a task that defies total automation because unpredictable, human, decision making directly impinges upon it. So please, please don't choose number 1. The Payoff This isn't just about loving the planet and sleeping well at night knowing you've done your bit. There's also a payoff. It may not be instantly obvious, but a low carbon DNS zone is, by its very nature, an efficient DNS zone. If you are minimising transactions you are also reducing the time it takes for the person making the request to get a valid answer. This directly impacts how fast your services appear to run. Two direct results of that are: 1. Improved user satisfaction. People like fast loading websites and services and they buy from services they like. 2. SEO. Google loves fast loading web sites and services and will rank them accordingly. Higher rankings will send more users to your site to experience your fast page loads. It's not rocket science but more, happier users of your services will have a direct, positive impact on your business goals. Saving the planet one transaction at a time really is good for business!
5 History lessons by historian Zikhona Valela 5 History lessons by historian Zikhona Valela Historian Zikhona Valela provides some of the most fascinating historical facts regarding things that people appreciate or do in their culture. People love and appreciate many things but do they know the origins of some of your favourite things? Will you continue to use them if you discover they have a shady past? Or are you unconcerned as long as you love using them? The Best T in the City hosted historian Zikhona Valela on My top 10 at 10, who shared incredible historical lessons and insights on some of the practices South Africans follow. Zikhona did her Masters in History on Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. She excelled at history at the school level, and so it became the field that she felt would make for a fulfilling career in service of seeing black people wrote into the history we have shaped. 5 History lessons by historian Zikhona Valela 1. In the 1840s, French missionaries gifted indigo-printed cloth to Basotho Chief King Moshoeshoe I. The King, who was overjoyed, praised the cloth, and it quickly gained popularity among the Sotho residents. 2. Planting new jacaranda trees is illegal. Jacarandas are damaging to the South African habitat and ecosystem since they are foreign plants. As a result, fresh tree planting has been rendered forbidden. Jacaranda trees were planted by the coloniser British during the colonial era to eliminate the viability of the soil, its potential to produce anything. Because the roots of jacaranda trees may spread so widely, a huge percentage of the soil is damaged. 3. Legend has it that the first blanket was given to King Moshoeshoe I in 1860 by a trader, possibly a man called Howel. When in 1867, Moshoeshoe asked the British for protection against the encroaching settlers, he described it as Queen Victoria “spreading her blanket” of protection over the Basotho nation. 4. The lobola is one of the obstacles that prevent black people from getting married. The 11 cattle lobolo figure was imposed on black people by a British Colonizer named Sir Theophilus Shepstone. 5. In South Africa, struggle icon heroine Nomvo Booi is not publicly honoured in the same way that all other heroes are. When the PAC’s military branch was founded on September 11, Poqokazi, Nomvo Booi was the first woman to go underground. In exile, she was also a courier and oversaw the welfare division while manufacturing an AK. Receive the latest news Subscribe To Our Newsletter Copyright Notice Privacy Policy 1. Definitions and Interpretation 1. Status and Amendments 1. Processing of Personal Information 1. Collection of anonymous data 1. Security 1. Links to other websites 1. Queries Competition Terms and Conditions
NPR in Kansas City Play Live Radio Next Up: Available On Air Stations Why Kansas And Missouri Gerrymandering Continues Ways To Subscribe Carlos Moreno/KCUR 89.3 Individual state control of drawing congressional districts can dilute the power of some voters by creating districts that favor one political party over another. How did drawing congressional districts become such a political battle? In the months to come, the state legislatures in Kansas and Missouri will begin the once-a-decade process of redistricting. Gerrymandering is the latest evolutionary iteration of voter suppression. It isn't unique to the United States, but the control states have over the procedure makes the undertaking inherently more political here.
Case Study: One health system's population health journey Methodist Healthcare Ministries of South Texas, Inc. is relying on data to identify the most effective ways to proactively engage patients, and leveraging technology to share information between facilities and programs. To consistently achieve high-quality, cost-effective care, healthcare organizations are shifting their attention away from acute, episodic-care delivery toward chronic-disease management through preventive medicine. This is no small feat, especially among those organizations providing the bulk of their services to uninsured and underserved populations. Methodist Healthcare Ministries of South Texas, Inc. (MHM)-a private, faith-based not-for-profit organization and the half-owner of the Methodist Healthcare System-is pursuing a multifaceted approach to managing the health of a large population, relying on data to identify the most effective ways to proactively engage patients and leveraging technology to share information between facilities and programs. MHM provides medical, dental, and health-related human services to low-income families and the uninsured through clinics it owns and operates, and it provides funding to other agencies that are successfully delivering healthcare and social services to this population in their respective communities throughout south Texas. Leveraging Data to Understand Population Needs To make meaningful improvements in population health, MHM first focuses on understanding its patient population and their diverse care needs, analyzing data to assess the landscape and drive interventions. For example, before it determines where to provide services, build clinics or develop infrastructure, it commissions and studies detailed epidemiology reports which look at demographics and the types of conditions a population faces. The organization serves a substantial diabetes population as well as a large number of patients dealing with hypertension; so many of the interventions MHM supports address these particular conditions. MHM also relies on data to reveal patients in need of proactive health management. Once an individual is identified as having a certain chronic condition like diabetes, there are many care interventions that can occur, depending on the patient's ability to comply with prescribed treatments. For instance, MHM has certified diabetes health educators that work with patients, educating them on how to keep their illness in check and make positive life choices. Next: Technology Enables Robust Information Gathering Technology Enables Robust Information Gathering While data is the key to effective population health management, technology is the means by which MHM collects, analyzes, exchanges and responds to data. MHM uses a single Electronic Health Record (EHR) across all of its programs so that it can easily analyze data and share information across the continuum, tracking quality measures, identifying trends and running “what if” scenarios to measure the potential impact of certain health management strategies. MHM requires partner organizations that don’t use the same EHR to send quality reports that follow a specific format. This allows the organization to receive performance data from systems outside the immediate MHM family and incorporate that information into its ongoing studies, facilitating a more comprehensive data analysis effort. MHM staff also leverages the EHR to communicate about patient care across practices. For instance, if during a dental examination a patient presents indicators that point to diabetes, the dentist will refer the patient to MHM's medical team, who will offer the patient a full medical workup. If a diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed, the patient is referred to a health educator who will provide targeted counseling and education. The patient may also be referred to MHM's Recreation & Enrichment Program to participate in a fitness class to support weight loss goals, or be referred to a social worker to assess the patient's ability to access other needed resources to manage her disease, such as a glucometer and testing strips. Technology underpins this collaborative care because all the different providers use the same EHR, making it easy to communicate, exchange information and determine the best path forward for the patient. Next: Technology Enables Information Sharing Technology Enables Information Sharing In addition to the EHR, MHM is actively involved in a public Health Information Exchange (HIE) known as Health Access San Antonio (HASA) which also includes the uninsured and underserved. HASA’s database comprises information from 29 hospitals in San Antonio/Bexar County and 21 surrounding counties in South Central Texas. Creating HASA was relatively straightforward because there were few roadblocks ten years ago in terms of competition for the uninsured and underserved as there often are with other kinds of HIEs. No one wants to compete when it comes to serving the uninsured and underserved; it is something every organization strives to do efficiently and effectively, and sharing data is critical to achieving those goals. Once the federal and state government stepped in to establish guidelines and funding for HIEs, a productive working relationship was established within the San Antonio healthcare community from years of working together focused on the uninsured and underserved. While the HIE serves many purposes, it has become a critical tool to MHM’s healthcare providers, as it exposes whether patients have presented to area hospital emergency departments. This allows MHM to gather important facts about the conditions for which patients sought care, the treatment that was offered, and helps the system determine what course of action may be necessary to avoid future visits to the emergency room. This is also of great interest to hospitals as the data the HIE collects can provide important insights into the factors that influence re-admissions. Next: An Ongoing Focus An Ongoing Focus While managing the health of its diverse patient population is an evolving project, MHM has made a significant investment in the systems and technology that will complement its goal of improving the overall health of the population it serves, and creating access to care for the least served. As trends in healthcare information systems and technologies further develop, MHM will continue to look for ways to better leverage data and technology to identify patients at risk, empowering them to make better life choices and transitioning them into proactive care. Mark C. Holliday is the director of information technology and services for Methodist Healthcare Ministries of South Texas, Inc.
Social and technological innovation: Mobile planter urban agriculture boxes in Washington D.C. Cities around the United States are undergoing significant food system transitions in the face of climate change and as they reckon in tandem the inequalities underpinning the intersectional injustices of racial oppression, economic hardship, and environmental harms. Urban agriculture has arisen as an important component of transitions to more sustainable urban food systems. In addition to offering the promise of growing food in a more ecologically sound way, urban agriculture has the potential to also combat food insecurity, strengthen local communities, and provide educational opportunities. Washington D.C. is one such city in the midst of a sustainable transformation. Key to the story of D.C.’s food landscape is its legacy of racial oppression and segregation. Today, Wards 7 and 8 hold a concentrated population of low-income Black residents experiencing food insecurity and challenges affording other basic necessities. Other types of systemic inequity and oppression are co-contributors to food insecurity, such as a lack of affordable housing, disproportionate travel times for basic commuting and grocery store access, higher rates of unemployment, and less access to financial building resources. Dr. Sabine O’Hara, Program Director at the University of DC’s CAUSES, concluded that the City’s failure to move away from supply-side solutions has hindered substantive change in these areas, and must be something urban agriculture projects are attentive to as they develop plans for D.C in order to avoid perpetuating harmful systems. Amid increasing policy action supporting urban agriculture, local organizations are rising to specifically ensure that their Black communities have access to healthy and fresh produce through innovative methods of farming. DMV UrbanGreens is a nonprofit production farm located in Ward 7 which also runs a mobile planter pilot program in conjunction with DC UrbanGreens, another urban farm. These transportable planter boxes on wheels enable users to make use of small paved spaces and grow in otherwise impossible locations. Their goal is to create a scalable growing model that eventually goes beyond the local community and allows more people to grow food. For those living in areas without affordable fresh produce options, the opportunity to use the mobile planters offers one way to have a secure source of food. Taboris Robinson, manager of DMV UrbanGreens, highlighted the additional goal to shift the culture around food production in the District. He said, “you can kind of put these boxes anywhere, and move them at any time so we're trying to prove that you know that could be done [anywhere].” His beliefs harken to ideas of Black self-reliance seen in scholarship from authors like Ashantee Reese and historic farms like Fannie Lou Hammer’s Freedom Farm Collective, where Black communities took it upon themselves to build networks to care for one another. DMV UrbanGreens is the latest innovation of self-reliance. The DMV UrbanGreens mobile planter boxes also seek to remove middlemen distributors entirely and enable people to grow their own food. Black communities have significantly less access to affordable and quality grocery stores making the D.C. food supply chain unreliable for these communities. The mobile planter boxes and garden simultaneously fill the immediate gap in the D.C. food system while providing an alternative to the failing system. In addition to access, the creation of the organization works toward altering the economic landscape to allow the low-income minority community the opportunity to purchase affordable produce. Their presence also disrupts consumer purchase patterns, instead of spending money at major chain grocery stores disconnected from the local community, when consumers purchase from Mr. Robinson they are supporting local business and keeping their money in the community. The mobile planter boxes are an impressive innovation which are already positively impacting Ward 7, but goes beyond just providing food. They offer a vision of a future where D.C. residents aren’t reliant solely on a food system that has failed them. Through the scalable model, DMV UrbanGreens is taking necessary steps toward a just and equitable system for their community and demonstrates that social innovation cannot be separated from technological cultivation innovations. DMV UrbanGreens is forever changing the food and social landscape of Washington D.C.
The world of teaching has seen a paradigm shift; technology, which has spiralled change in most of the domains, has also impacted the domain of education. The requirement of the day, as we move away from the chalk and talk method, is for blended learning, and this does not only apply to learning a language, but to almost every subject under the sun. The idea is not to blindly follow a trend, but to understand the features and impact of the same, before its adoption. However, when we look around, it is easy to gather that technology is being adopted at a rather fast pace, and sometimes solely because “others are doing it, so why not us; we do not want to be left behind?” or because “since it is easily accessible/available/cost effective, why not make the best use of it?” The point I wish to make is that technology is a boon as long as it is a facilitator, and not a substitute for human connect, expertise or impact, at least as far as teaching is concerned. Learning a language with the help of technology makes sense to me, as it enhances teaching/learning solutions, empowers stakeholders involved, and ensures better learning outcomes. At Schoolnet, our solutions for learning the English language focus on the learner, as we strongly believe in the fact that no solution can be a ‘one solution for all’; the “why?” to this is not difficult to understand. Questions like: who is our target audience? What are their demands, needs and expectations? Challenges faced by all stakeholders involved? The latter includes even issues like availability of electricity (tech-support is futile without this), or the proficiency of trainers in remote areas, or the logistics available for implementation of EdTech solutions, among so many other considerations. At Schoolnet, our solutions like English for Employability and EnglishBolo have been designed keeping the above in mind, besides other parameters. And then, there is another important aspect of value addition to the learning of the language. Is just learning a language sufficient? Is there anything, in addition, we need to impart? And so on. Well, the answer to these questions lies in numerous factors. However, learning a language is not just about learning its grammar, vocabulary, the structure of sentences, and so on, but about its very essence – the culture from which it stems; besides, life skills add to the learning of a language, as both enhance personality, vision, and perspective. Besides, multilinguism holds the key, even when teaching a language like English. I have always felt that one language can be used as a ‘prop’ to support the learning of another language, especially if the former is a native language; however, the proper implementation of this ‘prop’ is based on the discretion of the concerned teacher. Having said the above, I, during my long journey of an English language teacher, have always felt that learning a language is like learning about an entirely new world; hence, doing it right counts!
Iran proposes a world day for ancient civilizations November 29, 2019 - 18:47 TEHRAN – Iranian tourism minister on Friday proposed a world day for ancient civilizations as he was addressing the third ministerial meeting of the Ancient Civilizations Forum in Beijing, China. “Importance and influence of ancient civilizations over the modern world is so great that I believe it should be marked each year as the world day of ancient civilizations,” CHTN quoted Ali-Asghar Mounesan as saying on Friday. Chaired by the Chinese Minister of Culture and Tourism Luo Shugang, the forum was also attended by ministers from India, Iraq, Egypt, Armenia, Italy, Bolivia, Peru and Greece, as well as a community of international tourism and cultural heritage officials and experts. “This forum lays a ground for exchanging our views and ideas. And today, I am going to take this opportunity to share my views on [how to make the best] use of cultural heritage for realization of cultural diplomacy. As we all acknowledge, cultural heritage, tourism, and crafts in today’s challenging world are [considered as] important tools for promoting and consolidating peace between [various] nations and communities.” The Iranian minister explained how ancient civilizations, which abstained from wars and respected for human values, could ultimately ensure peace and security. “The history testifies that human beings have always faced challenges of their times. [However], both the emergence and ways of dealing with each challenge has been repeated more or less in all historical periods and in all over the world.” Mounesan added that though, sometimes, some societies have overruled each other’s rights and challenged their own and others’ peace and security, the true victory was achieved by those societies and nations who abstained from militancy and respected for human values. “Some [of ancient societies and nations] could ensure peace and security and overcome the spirit of hegemony by the means of [practicing mutual] understanding and cultural interaction.” Mounesan emphasized that in today world “we” are still witnessing differences of opinion and conflicts of interest. “Devoting attention to cultural and civilizational commonalities can bring countries closer together and bridge gaps between them. So, in my opinion, the world today needs, most of all, cultural closeness, empathy, discourse, and consultation; ones that ancient societies were also benefited from in the past.” He said that considering cultural heritage from this perspective would be a right solution because it could linking present generations - especially young people to the dignity and identity they have in common, and it can also play an important role in bringing nations together. Ancient Civilizations Forum at a glance The formation and evolution of ancient civilizations and their great achievements, ranging from architecture, philosophy and mathematics to medicine and astronomy, just to name a few, laid the foundation for the modern world as we experience it today. The heirs of ancient civilizations have an obligation, indeed a mission, to preserve and develop this legacy for the benefit of humanity. This is especially important in a period of rapid changes and great uncertainties when international cooperation for global problems like climate change and growing inequalities is of paramount importance. The aim of the conference was to discuss the importance of setting up an Ancient Civilization Forum, examine best practices of inter-cultural dialogue, describe initiatives and propose joint actions mainly in the fields of academic and scientific research, cultural diplomacy, cyberspace and the new media with an eye on growth and human-centric development. The main areas of interest according to the Forum are: the impact of ancient civilizations on the modern era; civilization as a soft and smart power; and civilization as an agent of economic growth. Leave a Comment 1 + 12 =
biodiversity bird finding in Costa Rica Birding Costa Rica birds to watch for in Costa Rica raptors Costa Rica Birds to Know- The 10 Most Common Raptors “What is that, an eagle? It’s huge!” This or a similar version in any number of languages is a common phrase heard by birders from Tennessee to Thailand. It makes sense, our primate instincts just won’t allow us to forget about the honest threat that big raptors posed to our little ones way back before the height of the Anthropocene. Not to mention, big raptors are easy to notice, especially when they take flight and tend to look bigger than their actual size. That thing about perspective tricking us into concluding that big birds are a lot bigger than they really are is one of the first things a birder learns, especially when binoculars reveal that that the massive “eagle” was actually a Turkey Vulture or a healthy Red-tailed Hawk. Until you learn and accept that perception of size is deceptive, you can bet that you are fooling yourself. Rest assured, Tommy Shaw wasn’t talking about birding when he wrote this song but whether you listen to Styx while birding or not, being aware of the size/perception illusion is partly why we as birders know that condors and giant eagles aren’t really roaming the countryside (although we sure wish they were, we know it’s just some Grand Illusion). Depending on the part of the northern hemisphere where one wields the bins, Red-taileds, Common Buzzards, and Black Kites also remind us of how frequent big birds of prey can be. In many places, it doesn’t take more than a drive down any country road to start seeing raptors perched here and there on posts, or to notice the silhouette of a raptor flying high overhead. In Costa Rica, that flying raptor is usually one or both common vulture species (Turkey and Black). Since these scavengers are such a regular part of the avian landscape and probably the first birds seen upon exiting the plane, I’m going to leave them off the following list. The birds I will mention are the 10 additional raptor species (non-owls) most commonly seen in Costa Rica. Go birding in Costa Rica and you will find that they aren’t as frequent as roadside raptors in some other parts of the world but you can probably still bet on seeing them. White-tailed Kite Locally known as the “bailarin” (dancer), this rodent catcher often hovers in place above grassy fields. Like most raptors in Costa Rica, it’s not exactly abundant but because there is plenty of habitat for it and because it isn’t shy about hovering in plain sight, get ready to see it. Swallow-tailed Kite Another bird easily seen because of aerial behaviors that make it wonderfully obvious. It occurs year round in parts of southern Costa Rica and is a wet season visitor in other parts of the country. Enjoy the elegance in hilly and mountainous areas with humid forest. Gray Hawk In many parts of Costa Rica, including the Central Valley, this is our buzzard, our Red-tail, our common kite species. Based on how often one hears and sees this “Mexican Goshawk”, this edge bird does quite well in the patchwork of habitats created by human endeavors. Roadside Hawk True to its name, this smallish hawk is a regular feature of roadside cables, telephone posts, and trees. In hot lowland areas, it can be more common than the Gray Hawk. Like the Gray Hawk, it also frequently calls and soars. Short-tailed Hawk Another of the most common hawks in Costa Rica, keep an eye on the skies and you might see this species every day of your birding trip. It often takes to the air with groups of Black Vultures, possibly flying with them to reach its aerial hunting grounds as unobtrusive as it can manage. Once up there, it soars and hovers in plain sight until it can fall like a rock onto some unsuspecting bird or lizard. Even better, it also comes in two cool color phases! Common Black-Hawk This cool and chunky raptor lives up to the “common” in its name but only on the coast. Watch for it soaring or perched near any coastal habitat but especially areas with coastal forest, including mangroves. This expert crab catcher can also hang out right on the beach. Crested Caracara A big bird that flaps around here and there as it searches for carrion and small and easy prey. Deforested lands and drier weather have made this large falcon a common sight even in the Central Valley. Its shape and foraging behavior sort of remind me of the Common Raven. Yellow-headed Caracara Another flappy, screechy falcon that thrives on carrion and small, easy prey. This bird is especially common in the Pacific lowlands where it sometimes perches on cattle so it can pick off their ticks or just be up to its own odd caracara devices. Red-tailed Hawk Although this bulky Buteo is not as abundant as birds up north and is restricted to the highlands, it soars a lot and is common enough to make it onto this list. As a bonus, resident birds look quite different from the birds of the north. Broad-winged Hawk Only in the winter and on migration but worth a mention because during those seasons, this small hawk is one of the most commonly seen raptors in Costa Rica. It makes Costa Rica a great place to study the subtleties and traits of Broad-winged Hawks. These species are the most commonly seen raptors of Costa Rica but I would be amiss if I didn’t mention a few more. On account of them being regularly seen in appropriate habitats, honorable mentions must go to Double-toothed Kite, Zone-tailed Hawk, Laughing Falcon, Bat Falcon, Swainson’s Hawk (since literally thousands migrate through Costa Rica), Gray-lined Hawk (replaces the Gray Hawk south of Dominical), Peregrine Falcon, and Osprey. And that’s not all! Quite a few other sharp taloned birds also live in Costa Rica including hawk-eagles, the wily Crane Hawk, the striking White Hawk, and others. To learn more about identifying raptors and sites to see them in Costa Rica, check out this Costa Rica bird finding book. Use the Costa Rica Birds app to study vocalizations and images, and make target lists, and get ready for some truly fantastic birding. As always, I hope to see you here.
The Idle Theory of Evolution In some ways, the Idle Theory of evolution is an attack on Charles Darwin, and, to a lesser extent, Thomas Malthus. My objection to Darwin was not to the idea of evolution, not even to Darwin's idea of natural selection, but rather to Darwin's "war of nature". As Darwin somehow managed to see the natural world of plants and animals, it appeared to him as an endless battle of everything against everything else. But, in Darwin's Origin, this doctrine of a Struggle for Existence is not developed by patient argument, but appears as a full blown doctrine, and furthermore the doctrine of Malthus. So to understand Darwin, you must read Malthus' Essay on Population. It was from this essay that both Darwin and Wallace said that they took their inspiration. And this is not really very surprising, because the subsequent Darwinian theory of evolution is present in embryonic form in Malthus' essay, in its occasional observations on the natural world. Yet the "struggle for existence" is absent in Malthus. As human populations rise, Malthus said, men had to work harder, not compete in ferocious battles. So Darwin's Struggle for Existence is a misrepresentation of Malthus. Darwin puts words into Malthus' mouth, and calls them "the doctrine of Malthus". Darwin's Origin is underpinned by a fraud. And much of the argument in Origin is framed in leading terms. Thus the creatures of Darwin's imagination "kill", "murder", "march", and "enslave". Origin would do well to have the incidence of such words counted and displayed graphically. [See Darwin's Use of Language] Darwin is usually portrayed as a kindly old country gentleman with a passion for barnacles. But as I read Origin he came to seem to me to be a political philosopher. After all, implicit in Origin is the notion that mankind is also one of the creatures that has been subject to natural selection, and that the Struggle for Existence, the conflict of all against all, applied just as much in the human world as it did in nature. Darwin, therefore, was offering a justification of human war, human oppression, human murder, human slavery, and even human genocide. And he knew this quite well, as at least one letter of his testifies. But all this is left implied. It is for the reader of Origin to draw the implied conclusions. And they did. And Darwin is the godfather not just of Social Darwinism, but of Nazism. The popularity of Origin, a book that ran through many editions, did not arise from a newly discovered interest in the natural world, but from an interest in the implicit political message. Idle Theory, in many ways, is a Malthusian rather than Darwinian theory of evolution. In times of hardship, the creatures are obliged to work harder, not engage in some Darwinian struggle, one with the other. Working harder, in Idle Theory, means working longer. But there is a limit to how long a creature can work: it cannot work longer than all the time. Any creature that arrives at this point has reached the point of death. If living gets any harder, it must die. It follows from this that, given some population of creatures, some working hard to survive, others less so, it is the least hard-working, or the most idle, which will tend to survive periods of hardship. Using this argument, Idle Theory proceeds to refute classical Darwinian dogmas. Fighting is hard work, and it is the creatures who avoid fighting that will tend to outlive their more pugnacious fellow creatures. It is the meek who inherit the earth. And furthermore, since reproduction also entails work, it will tend to be the slowest reproducers who will gradually outnumber faster reproducers - in flat contradiction to the automatic assumption of most Darwinians that faster reproducing creatures will inevitably outnumber slower reproducing ones. And if slow reproduction is selected, the result will be stable populations. And again, Idle Theory argues that it is through cooperation that the creatures largely increase their idleness, and that multicellular organisms are cooperatives of cells, and tribes are societies multicellular creatures. Or again, Idle Theory points out that the most idle creatures, with time on their hands, are capable of behaving with perfect, disinterested altruism. And so on. But although Idle Theory is a development of Malthus' ideas, it comes to conclusions that Malthus himself would probably have rejected. For Malthus thought that industry was much better than idleness, and saw the entire process of evolution (although he did not use this word) as one of making active and busy the inert clay. In this sense, Idle Theory uses Malthusian arguments to refute not only Darwin, but also Malthus himself. Idle Theory Author: Chris Davis Last edited: 17 Jan 2002
Neuropathy investigate this site ache is actually a type of pain that has an effect on the nerves and also may certainly not be handled with using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, such as aspirin. The nerves personal injury arises from harm to the protective lining of the back referred to as the vertebrae. When this takes place, there is no other way that the individual may experience experience in the damaged place and there is no way for the nerves to reach its place, hence it is actually described as a neuropathy. It is necessary to note that this type of discomfort is various from a muscle pain or perhaps muscle spasm. It is actually a discomfort that is actually dued to a concern along with the technique the nerves is actually doing its own work, which causes harm to the place where the nerves is located. This is an extremely severe health condition that needs to have to become treated quickly to stay away from further issues. There are actually numerous various forms of this problem, some of which are explained below. The severeness of the condition that you possess may influence the type of treatment that you need. One of the most common styles of neuropathic discomfort is acute discomfort. An intense discomfort might lead from one nerve or numerous nerves being actually harmed. Modest to serious neuropathy pain generally originates from the spine. It could be described as any kind of kind of pain that exists in the lesser part of the back, and also sometimes it presents approximately the buttocks. It can also be actually called constant in attribute, given that this form of pain will definitely continue for years after the initial nerve damage has happened. Persistent or intense pain may additionally be referred to as severe neuropathic ache. This form of discomfort is usually identified through being sharp and might last for full weeks, months, or maybe years. This sort of neuropathy ache is the worst type of neuropathy ache to handle due to the fact that it is very tough to handle, and it might induce some primary problems. A type of neuropathy ache that may be handled oftentimes is phoned peripheral neuropathy. This kind of pain occurs in the hands, shoes, as well as legs, and may last between two to five years. Neuropathy discomfort may impact any kind of part of the physical body as well as is different in magnitude. While there is no certain fire treatment for this type of ache, it is important to find medical attention as well as talk with a trained doctor to determine the ideal therapy. There are an amount of methods to acquire alleviation when it arrives to addressing pain. Many doctors highly recommend taking anti-inflammatory drugs like advil. There are also prescribed ache medications such as Tylenol that physicians can suggest to assist alleviate pain. It is essential to comprehend that pain medication carries out not treat the ache. Having said that, it may frequently give comfort of the discomfort brought on by the neuropathy. If the ache is actually intense, the doctor may recommend surgical procedure, like arthroscopic shared substitute or surgical treatment using nerve damages to fix the ruined nerves. However, if the discomfort is severe, surgical procedure must be prevented as this are going to only give momentary alleviation of the symptoms of the neuropathy. Moreover, surgical treatment is not encouraged for those who are suffering from severe ache. Regardless of the type of pain, there are techniques to manage it in a healthy technique. Furthermore, there are various other manner ins which you can easily help yourself. Some organic items that can easily assist to minimize pain feature acupuncture, doing yoga, and acupressure. There are additionally home remedies for ache relief that include incorporating supplements like vitamins to your diet. Neuropathy pain may be actually incredibly uncomfortable. Without the capacity to experience signals from the intellect, the individual experiencing the ache drops emotion as well as the capacity to experience typical. There are three principal types of neuropathy. The most typical sign is ache when performing straightforward duties such as choosing up an item. The 2nd kind is actually neuropathy pain led to by the harm to the main concerned body (CNS). Popular indicators of this type of neuropathy include problem strolling, ingesting, or breathing. her explanation There is actually neuropathy pain that is resulted in through the damages to the core stressed device and also is additionally known as tangential neuropathy. This type of neuropathy is actually dued to harm to the nerves that operate in between the hands, the toes, as well as the palms. Therefore, the patient will experience pins and needles in the had an effect on areas. This sort of neuropathy does not have an effect on the brain by any means and also people usually experience no discomfort. There are actually lots of main reason whies someone may endure ache because of neuropathy. It could be as a result of traumas, arthritis, a slipped hard drive, growths, or some kind of neurological ailment. Several of these conditions can easily lead to numbness, muscle mass weakness, and also an absence of feeling in the impacted place. Neuropathy ache may be addressed. They might be actually capable to return to everyday schedule if the personal injury or even the cause of the trauma induces pins and needles as well as the client has actually been actually handled previously. Physicians may encourage bodily treatment if you want to aid clients regain sensation. They may likewise suggest drugs or all-natural treatments that will definitely repair functionality to the had an effect on places. Some patients might require surgery to address their NPNS.
Can arthritis raise blood sugar? Can inflammation in the body cause blood sugar to rise? A vicious cycle can result, with more inflammation causing more insulin resistance and vice versa. Blood sugar levels creep higher and higher, eventually resulting in type 2 diabetes. Emotional stress can also increase levels of the chemicals of inflammation. What is osteoarthritis diabetes? What is it? Osteoarthritis is a joint disorder characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage. It may affect any joint in your body. People who have type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of osteoarthritis, likely due to obesity — a risk factor for type 2 diabetes — rather than to the diabetes itself. Can you reverse diabetes? Can diabetes cause joint pain? Symptoms of diabetes-related musculoskeletal problems include muscle pain, joint pain or stiffness, lessened ability to move your joints, joint swelling, deformities, and a “pins and needles” sensation in the arms or legs. Some musculoskeletal problems are unique to diabetes. Others also affect people without diabetes. IT IS AMAZING: Should I see an orthopedic doctor for tendonitis? What can a diabetic take for inflammation? What should I eat if my blood sugar is high? 9 foods to help balance blood sugar levels • Whole wheat bread. • Fruits. • Sweet potatoes and yams. • Oatmeal and oat bran. • Nuts. • Legumes. • Garlic. • Cold-water fish. Does sugar cause osteoarthritis? Many people believe that sugar is bad for arthritis. Anecdotally, people with arthritis often say that sugary foods trigger their arthritis flares . Research generally backs this up. Eating excess sugar causes the body to produce more cytokines, which are inflammatory proteins. Is diabetes a disability? The short answer is “Yes.” What are the signs of diabetes in a woman? Symptoms in both women and men • increased thirst and hunger. • frequent urination. • weight loss or gain with no obvious cause. • fatigue. • blurred vision. • wounds that heal slowly. • nausea. • skin infections. Does type 2 diabetes cause arthritis? People with type 2 diabetes have higher risks of developing osteoarthritis and gout, which is likely on account of the fact that obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes as well as these forms of arthritis. People with type 1 diabetes have significantly higher risks of also having rheumatoid arthritis. Is oatmeal good for rheumatoid arthritis? Fiber-rich oatmeal Oatmeal is a fiber-rich food that is easy for people to include in an RA diet. IT IS AMAZING: How do you slow down osteoporosis?
The visual truth of Barbie The visual truth of Barbie A group of Swedish neuroscientists determined that the perception of your whole body is affected by the size of your body image. How? By “tricking” people into being Barbie: A research group at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden has managed to make people feel as though they actually inhabited bodies of vastly different size – either that of dolls or of giants. The researchers showed that this fundamentally changed the way people perceived the physical world. Those in smaller bodies felt as though they were in a world populated by giant hands and pencils the size of trees, while those in giant bodies felt the same objects to be tiny, toy-sized versions of the real thing. And, similar to the left-leaners: This research also adds to a growing body of literature that demonstrates that the world we perceive is not an identical copy of the physical world. Hills appear steeper when we are wearing heavy backpacks, objects appear closer when we desire them, and, as shown here, the world appears larger when we are in a smaller body. Although the world does not actually physically change in these ways, our mind seems to be constructed in such a way that allows a surprising degree of flexibility in perceiving the physical nature of the world. On this, David Byrne makes a segue from Barbie to politics to economics: We instinctively want to believe that a merit-based world exists – that with some hard work, focus, time, effort and perseverance, you too will be rewarded with the body you see on the billboard. The same also applies to our notions of economic well-being. As a result, you have Bill O’Reilly and Newt Gingrich (among many others) implying that poor people are poor simply because they aren’t trying hard enough. From the neuroscience of Barbie to the neuroscience of vowels, the more that is revealed on perception, the less it appears is visible. What next?
DEV Community Josh Branchaud Josh Branchaud Posted on Atomic Commits An atomic commit is a commit (in a version control system like git) that can stand on its own. It is made up of changes to your codebase that do exactly one thing. It is the smallest change you can make that satisfies a feature’s acceptance criteria on some level, keeps the test suite green, and passes formatting and other CI checks. It’s solid. It’s ready to go. Why does this matter? A commit crafted in this way serves as a checkpoint for you. That means you can commit it and forget it as you continue to grapple with other concerns and the feature as a whole. It also means it is a safe point to revert to if you’ve coded yourself into a corner or you’ve pursued an approach that isn’t going to pan out. Disentangling lines of code that you want to keep from ones that aren’t going to work is painstaking if you aren’t making checkpoint commits — this is one of git’s biggest selling points. An atomic commit is something you’d be proud to show your coworkers. Toxic and judgmental work environments aside, we’ve all had that moment where we pull someone in for pairing or a code review and we feel the need to explain away our mess of unintelligible (or even profane) commits. Or as you try to walk through your progress, you have trouble identifying what is relevant and why you did X. Atomic commits with good commit messages show that you’ve taken the time to organize your thoughts and are prepared to make good use of your coworkers’ time. Atomic commits are complete which means you could hand one off at a moment’s notice. If you need to suddenly leave for the day, you could hand it off to a coworker and there is a clean break for them to pick up from. Or if business priorities shift, you could ship what you have without necessarily getting to the rest right now. The alternative is that you throw it out or it gets orphaned on a feature branch. Making a practice of producing atomic commits is one of those things that levels you up as a developer. It makes you better at building features and it makes you a better collaborator. Thanks to Jake Worth for providing feedback on this post. One of my favorite ways to review changes and produce atomic commits is the --patch flag for git commit. Making atomic commits has its tradeoffs. The downsides of keeping commits green discussed by Kelly Sutton is worth reading in this context as well. Discussion (0)
The image below shows the first stage of a power supply I am trying to design and build. The transformer is a toroidal type with two 18V coils on the secondary and a 230V winding on the primary. The resistors and the relays are active inrush current limiting. The relay should short out the resistors 2 seconds after power on to give the capacitor bank enough time to charge up without setting my diodes on fire. In the drawing below, I am expecting VM2 to read just under 18V and VM1 to read just under 36V. I am however getting a higher voltage on VM2 (about 27V) and a lower voltage on VM1 (only 11V) simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab • I have not activated the relay so all the current is still flowing through the resistors (which, I think, explains most of the voltage drop) but why the voltage swap. • The resistors are actually a set of 10 470ohm 3W resistors in parallel for each of R1 and R2 in the diagram below. • C1 is 14 470microF 50V Caps in parallel (6.58mF - not micro) • C2 is 6 more 470microF 50V caps in parallel (2.82mF - not micro) • Transformer: (I have connected Red and Orange together to form the centre tap) • PRI: 230V/50-60 (Blue and Brown wires) • SEC: 18V/80VA (Black and Red wires) • SEC: 18V/80VA (Orange and Yellow wires) What am I doing wrong? Update based on Neil_UK post: What I need out of this stage is one +18V rail (the bottom one in the diagram above) and one +36V rail (the top one in the diagram above) or as close as possible. simulate this circuit Neil, you've been very helpful and I will redo the circuit, but I'm keen to fully understand this before I continue, if you don't mind. I've redrawn the diagram so that the individual components can be seen. I understand that D4 and D7 are in parallel on the output of the Rectifier, but I don't see the parallel part of the input signal. Are you referring to D3 and D5? They have separate outputs. I get that the caps AC couple them, but there should be no AC component on that side of the Bridge Rectifiers. You said: "Consider what happens when the common AC input is negative, and BR1's AC input is positive. Draw it out." Would that be solvable by switching the wires around on one of the secondary winding to bring it back in phase (I get that I would have to be sure that this is the case first). The first time I turned this thing on, my diodes actually blew quite dramatically. Investigation lead me to install the Inrush Current Limiting circuitry because with the amount of capacitance I have I calculated that I would be sucking roughly 160A-370A through my diodes when I first turn it on. These diodes have a max surge current of 70A each. But now I'm wondering if this was not caused by the fact that they are cross coupling (Still need to understand that as explained above, please ;-) The parallel nature of D4 and D7 should not cause that as they are parallel so should provide slightly higher current (assuming they are thermally locked and all, which they aren't, but for the purposes of this discussion...) Another update for Neil Okay, so since I can not spot the difference between the two images I drew, I'll include an actual screen grab of my schematic with the transformer coils drawn in the way I connected them. (I simply turned the image around in the second image showing the common in the middle but I thought the circuit was the same as the first.) Here is what I have done: (I've also updated the output voltages to compensate for the gain in peak voltage. I.E. (1.414136)-1.4=49.5V and (1.414118)-1.4=24V) enter image description here • \$\begingroup\$ Swop? Swoped? do you mean swamp or swoop or maybe swap? Why the resistors before the full bridge rectifiers? Your only burning up power and attenuating your voltage. If your trying to generate a positive and negative voltage, ditch the resistors, and put the full wave rectifiers on each coil. If you must have resistors put them after the rectifiers and before the caps. Why such huge caps? \$\endgroup\$ – Voltage Spike Feb 17 '16 at 7:34 • \$\begingroup\$ Swapped... :/ The power supply will eventually need to supply 3A per rail, so the large caps where required to keep the ripple voltages below the drop-out voltages for the rectifiers in later stages. The resistors are required to limit the inrush current due to the large caps. Main reason for the placement of the resistors was because it was an after thought after I set my diodes on fire during initial testing. They will be moved in the final design to go between the bridge rectifier and the caps. \$\endgroup\$ – Gineer Feb 17 '16 at 9:33 • \$\begingroup\$ if you want 18 and 36v rails, you need roughly 13v rms secondaries, not 18v, because you gain sqrt(2) getting to the peak voltage. And you need to lose all those extraneous resistors, and the spare bridge rectifier, and the (presumably) accidental cross connection between your rectifiers. See my answer below, two rails, one of +24v, one of +48v, adjust the transformer voltage down to suit. \$\endgroup\$ – Neil_UK Feb 17 '16 at 16:32 A very complicated circuit that does not do what you'd like it to do (I assume, as you don't tell us what you want it to do, just what you've done). I assume you want two DC outputs, one with full wave rectified 18v on it, one with full wave rectified 36v. So roughly 24v and 48v supplies. Am I correct? One problem is that the BRx components contains 4 diodes. Unfortunately, you have paralleled one AC input on the transformer side, and one DC output on the output side, and they are cross coupling. Consider what happens when the common AC input is negative, and BR1's AC input is positive. Draw it out. There is a second complication, you don't need all these resistors. Bridge rectifiers are built for the purpose, they withstand capacitor filter inrush. Get a data sheet for your rectifiers, and look up the 'single cycle surge' specification. You may be surprised at the large number. You should find that for 'few amp' sized rectifiers, the switch on surge that they are rated to withstand is 30 to 100 times their continuous current. They really are as tough as old boots. simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab This is all you need. I've drawn out what's inside the bridge rectifier as discrete diodes, I have labelled the equivalent bridge connections. Fewer components, less diode drop. If you take a load current from just C1, it will still give you balanced transformer load, which is important, trace it out. C1 and C2 can have different values, if you want to draw different currents. That's OK. You may need to think a bit to change the capacitor values from those you had, as they are connected in series, not parallel. Each output capacitor gets charged up to sqrt(2)*18v - a diode drop, about 24v or so. They are connected in series, so you can take an output of 24v or 48v. The input transformer provides isolation, so you can ground any of the capacitor output terminals. • \$\begingroup\$ See "Update based on Neil_UK post" in original question above. \$\endgroup\$ – Gineer Feb 17 '16 at 15:17 • \$\begingroup\$ Neil, you've been very helpful and I will redo the circuit, but I'm keen to fully understand this before I continue, if you don't mind. (See update above) \$\endgroup\$ – Gineer Feb 18 '16 at 6:12 • \$\begingroup\$ It would help if you redrew your circuit accurately. Your seperate diodes circuits has a nice balanced arrangement, and so even though it has twice as many diodes as necessary, there are no hazards. The centre tap of the transformer goes to the common AC terminal of the rectifiers. Each rectifier+capacitor sees its own half of the transformer. Your original bridge diagram is different. BR1 sees the whole of the secondary voltage, and your common terminal at at one end of the secondary, not in the middle. Redraw one so they match please. \$\endgroup\$ – Neil_UK Feb 18 '16 at 9:11 • \$\begingroup\$ Could it be that I just have one of my two secondary's connected the wrong way around and thus resulting in them being out of phase and therefore causing the cross coupling you referred to? \$\endgroup\$ – Gineer Feb 18 '16 at 19:11 • \$\begingroup\$ It's disappointing you can't spot the difference in topology. Where the two bridges are commoned at the AC side, your discrete diagram shows that node connected to both secondaries, but your original and your latest diagrams shows that node connected to a single secondary. Your discrete diagram gives you 2 indepedant +18v outputs only. I'll print out the latest diagram for myself, annotate it, and get back to you with chapter and verse, though why you can't take my hint about which transformer polarity causes problems and do the work yourself I don't know! \$\endgroup\$ – Neil_UK Feb 18 '16 at 19:30 Your Answer
Conversational Ai And Multimodal Interaction The primary key to interact with each other is a conversation. Humans are so involved with each other that they must communicate for everything, let it be a grocery vendor or an airport ticket booth. In this social media era, we prefer to communicate via texts, messages, voice messages instead of face-to-face conversation. The modern generation prefers this medium as we use it in daily life and hence feel very comfortable using it. Communication is not just limited to text and speech. It has a wide range of modes. For example, different hand gestures, face gestures, manuscript, eye gestures, Pictures, Videos, visual, aural, spatial, etc. These are various modes of interaction hence called multimodal interaction. Conversational ai can be made better with multimodal interactions. Many big firms are already adopting chatbots for daily servicing to customers as it makes their work easier. If we allow users to talk with a machine using any gestures or different conversation modes, we can genuinely reach an advanced AI milestone. Research claim In his research paper, Popescu claims that, in conversational AI, generally user inputs the agent in a single-mode, let it be text or speech, and gets output in the same mode as the input. The system should anticipate the user's needs and deliver appropriate responses. Still, when you over-deliver so much content in a single-mode that the user won't be able to grasp any of it, it becomes futile. So to provide the purpose of simulated human conversation, agents should have multimodal capabilities. The modalities used are primarily the visual, auditory, and spatial ones. The number, quality, and interaction between such patterns are crucial to the simulation's realism and eventually to its usefulness. Theoretical Framework: People naturally interact with the world multimodally. Considering the increasing trend in the area of multimodal system design, different surveys have been conducted to explore how users can combine other modalities while communicating with natural systems. Examples of the modalities mentioned above are: Typed command language. Typed natural language. Spoken natural language. • 2D gestures with the mouse. • 2D gestures with a pen. During the interactions between computers and users, chunks of data are transmitted across several modalities from the user to the computer and vice-versa. Some related pieces of information can be grouped into higher-level entities. Hence, multimodality can be defined as "the hand in hand cooperation between several modalities to improve user-computer interaction." Architecture, Design, and Modelling: The Simplest mode of conversational AI, the chatbot, takes text as input and outputs the same. It can maintain the context of the conversation. Chatbot usually consists of the following components: 1. 1.NLP Component: This component is responsible for fetching the correct response for user input. 2. Knowledge Base and Data Store: The above NLP layer communicates with the knowledge base to respond to domain-specific messages. The data store contains all the interaction history and analytics, which helps maintain the conversation context. Multimodal Interaction system is consists of an interaction manager, fusion, and fission. Modality is any component that supports interaction. Fusion is mainly responsible for gathering all the information; it gathers commands from various modalities and aggregates them further. And generating different responses over various modalities is done by fission. Fission opposite to fusion divides a single event and provides output to other modes. • March, 14, 2021 • Hemangi Desale We'll never share your email with anyone else. Latest Blogs
What is the capital of the Philippines \| \| The city of Manila The city of Manila (English: Manila), or the city of the Pearl of the East as it is known to many, is a large Asian city located in the Republic of the Philippines, specifically in Luzon Island (the largest island in the Republic), and it represents the administrative capital of the Philippines since 1975 AD, besides being a financial center Important for publishing, business, culture and politics in the country. The city of Manila The city of Manila is located in the Republic of the Philippines, specifically in the area located at the mouth of the Pasig River, which overlooks the eastern shore of the Gulf of Manila, and it occupies a geographical area of 39 square kilometers, and it sits on a land 13 meters above sea level. As for astronomically, the city of Manila It is located on longitude (120.98) and latitude (14.60). Residents of the city of Manila The metropolitan area of Manila is inhabited by 13,698,889 people according to the statistics of 2020 AD, and thus it occupies the second rank among the largest cities in the Philippines in terms of population, and its population density reaches 42,857 people per square kilometer, thus it can be considered the most populated city in the world, and estimates indicate The statistic indicates that this number may rise to 18,649,422 people by 2035. The most prominent landmarks of the city of Manila Manila has many places and wonderful landmarks, and the following are mentioned for their most important: • Santiago Fort: It is a historical monument, located at the entrance to the Pasig River, and includes many squares, gardens and fountains. • St. Augustine Church: It is an historical archaeological church that is considered the oldest in the country; it was built during the period (1587-1606) CE. • Pinto Museum of Art: It is a wonderful museum located in the east of Manila, and includes many pieces and artworks by Filipino artists. • Chinese cemetery: It is a huge cemetery that contains a large number of tombs belonging to Chinese figures who died on the land of the Philippines. What is the name of the capital of Sri Lanka What is the capital of Los Angeles Leave a Comment
(foh-toh-dÿ -ohd) A semiconductor device that produces an electric current when illuminated. Infrared-sensitive photodiodes are used, for example, in photometry. Collins Dictionary of Astronomy © Market House Books Ltd, 2006 a semiconductor diode characterized by unidirectional photoconductivity when exposed to optical radiation. A photodiode is a semiconductor crystal that usually has p-n junction with two metal terminals—one from the p-region and the other from the n-region—and is enclosed in a metal or plastic housing. Photodiodes are made of such materials as Ge, Si, GaAs, or HgCdTe. A photodiode may operate in either of two modes. In the first mode, the external circuit contains a DC source, thus producing a reverse bias across the p-n junction (see Figure 1); in the second mode, when no DC source is present, a photodiode functions as a valve. When operating in the first mode, a photodiode is used as a photoconductive cell to control the electric current in a circuit in accordance with the variation in the intensity of the incident radiation. The minority carriers produced upon exposure to radiation diffuse through the p-n junction and weaken the junction’s electric field. Over a wide range, the photoelectric current is linearly related to the intensity of the incident radiation and is practically independent of the bias voltage. As a valve, a photodiode—like a semiconductor photocell—is used to generate a photoelectromotive force. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a photodiode and its circuitry when operating with reverse bias: (1) semiconductor crystal, (2) contacts, (3) terminals; (F) electromagnetic radiation flux, (n) semiconductor donor region, (p) semiconductor acceptor region, (E) DC source, (RL) load resistance The main parameters of a photodiode are as follows: (1) the threshold sensitivity—that is, the minimum signal detected by a photodiode per unit operating-frequency band—which may be as low as 10–14 watt/hertz½ (W/Hz½); (2) the noise level, which does not exceed 10–9 ampere (A); (3) the spectral sensitivity region, which lies in the range 0.3–15 micrometers; (4) the spectral sensitivity—that is, the ratio of the photoelectric current to the flux of incident monochromatic radiation with a known wavelength-—which is 0.5–1 A/W; and (5) the rise time—that is, the time required to reach a rated value of a photoelectric current—which is of the order of 10–7–10–8 sec. In an avalanche photodiode, which is a p-n variety, the sensitivity is increased by using the avalanche effect in the p-n junction; the effect is based on the impact ionization of atoms in the junction region by photoelectrons. The avalanche effect multiplies the charge carriers by a factor of 102–104. Photodiodes with a p-i-n structure are also used. Such photo-diodes have characteristics similar to those of p-n photodiodes, but their rise time is substantially smaller—as low as 10–10 sec. Photodiodes are used, for example, in automated devices, laser technology, computer technology, and measurement technology. Trishenkov, M. A., and A. I. Frimer. “Fotoelektricheskie poluprovodnikovye pribory s p-n perekhodami.” In the collection Poluprovodnikovye pribory i ikh primenenie. Moscow, 1971. Riabov, S. G., G. N. Toropkin, and I. F. Usol’tsev. Pribory kvantovoi elektroniki. Moscow, 1976. A semiconductor diode in which the reverse current varies with illumination; examples include the alloy-junction photocell and the grown-junction photocell. Also known as photoconductor diode. A light sensor (photodetector) that allows current to flow in one direction from one side to the other when it absorbs photons (light). The more light, the more current. Used to detect light in camera sensors, optical fibers and other light-sensitive applications, a photodiode is the opposite of a light emitting diode (see LED). Photodiodes detect light and let electricity flow; LEDs receive electricity and emit light. Solar Cells Are Photodiodes Solar cells are photodiodes that are chemically treated (doped) differently than the photodiode used as a switch or relay. When solar cells are struck by light, their silicon material is excited to a state where a small electrical current is generated. Many arrays of solar cell photodiodes are required to power a house. See photocell and phototransistor. References in periodicals archive ? Semiconductor photodiodes are important components for the high-sensitivity, low-noise receivers and detectors deployed in the 2.5, 10, and 25G optical communication systems such as passive optical network (PON) and local area networks (LAN) [1]. Among these heterojunctions, the highest photosensitivity was determined to be 7600 for p-Si/n-ZnO-NRs (PD8) photodiode. Through the C-V measurements of p-Si/n-ZnO-NRs photodiodes, the barrier height and series resistance were calculated. Under designing the precision measuring channel of UVR irradiance, it should be counted that changing the temperature of the photodiode crystal is changing also its CF towards measuring the UVR. For a linear photodiode array with length L, a light vector falls at an angle 0 from the normal along the element axis and at an angle 0 from the normal along the perpendicular to the element axis. For two ply high quality paper, the result shows the average voltage detected by the photodiode is approximately 0.05 V for the angle of 50[degrees] and 130[degrees] respectively. The nitrided-oxide front window of the AXUV 100GX diode provides up to a Gigarad (SiO2) of radiation hardness which is 10,000 times greater than standard PIN silicon photodiodes. Photodiodes with directly-deposited, thin-metallic filters are available for reducing response to visible light by several orders of magnitude. As is evident from the picture above, the photodiode on the LED side is connected to the inverting operational amplifier input. The device uses a 5-mm aperture germanium photodiode to measure pulse energies in the 200 pJ to 20 nJ range, with the lowest possible energy measurement as small as 30 pJ. Manijeh Razeghi of Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., and her colleagues created the ultraviolet light sensor, known as an avalanche photodiode. The university announced the advance on Sept. They are available in a range of optoelectronic technologies, including LEDs, VCSELs, photodiode arrays, phototransistor arrays, photodiodes, and assemblies in both reflective and interrupter-style packages. Potential applications for the SOT-23 op amps include any application requiring signal conditioning, buffering, amplification or filtering, such as portable equipment, automotive subsystems, photodiode preamps, computer notebooks, PDAs and battery-powered equipment. Providing an analog output voltage proportional to light intensity, the TSL series of light-to-voltage converters integrates the photodiode, transimpedance amplifier and gain setting resistors on a single die.
Reading Books has been a terrific tool for adults and children for most generations. It is important to remember that our brain is regularly being pushed and increased by looking at to some kid should really start out with several small ebooks and slowly function nearly for a longer time, more intricate novels as they age. It is easy to trigger your intellect and maximize the circulate of creativity by browsing any sort of e-book. That may be the wonderful thing about this. This information will expose you to kinds of reading through textbooks, where to locate them, and approaches to get the best from just about every browse. One of the most popular sorts of looking through guides are Literary Fiction. This is because it problems a person’s intellect through the use of ideas which can be quite hard for the untrained mind to fully grasp. In fact, a lot of followers will state that their intellect is rather limited and that they fight to understand the easiest of terms. Thus, reading literary fiction gives an exceptional method of revitalizing your brain and decreasing stress levels. Musical Reading: Musical browsing publications usually use beautiful melodies or music rhythms to engage the reader’s intellectual thought process. These could be relaxing to the imagination and supply a terrific kind of activation. The most famous tunes of today originates from composers likeBeethoven and Mozart, and many others. These are typically widely known as some of the most difficult and intellectually exciting forms of reading through publications. Electronic Books: The current entire world is forever being swamped with electrical pleasure. these details is, these days we have now so many gadgets our brain is essentially flooded. Reading support a child at a mobile system like an e-viewer is the best way to receive excitement yet still be capable of other projects. Moreover, most e-publications feature compelling tales, exciting words, as well as mental faculties computer games that supply an entertaining strategy to energize the cognitive part from the brain. Educational Reading: A lot of people believe that looking at training books is simply not instructive. However, latest studies have shown that reading through literary fiction, educative stories, and low-fiction informative publications really energizes the left part of the human brain, along side it that is associated with discovering and ability to remember. Furthermore, studying find out here now will increase neurological action. Reducing Stress: Research indicates that looking at books, notably day-to-day looking through, decreases anxiety since the action of reading through secretes certain substances from the human brain that minimize nervousness minimizing the level of stress bodily hormones published in to the system. linked web page behave as a kind of safeguard device from potentially nerve-racking occasions. Therefore, daily reading through is an excellent activity to cut back the consequences of tension on the human body. Additionally, the decrease in anxiety hormones raises the overall functioning on the immune system and fortifies the brain. Perseverance and Drive: Most people examine regular to be psychologically healthy. However, you can also get most people who read a great book for the utter fulfillment and enthusiasm it has. When there exists a fantastic e-book, whether or not in writing or on the Internet, we quite often really feel feelings of eagerness and pleasure that energizes the mental faculties. People that go through on a regular basis report staying more beneficial and achieving larger vitality. Although there are numerous great things about looking at a good arrange, these are generally without a doubt not every one of them. It is essential to keep in mind that looking through does not have being something only performed by adults. Article is actually likewise best for little ones and in many cases youngsters. Since the saying runs, “A book is simply a reserve” and it is therefore very important to everybody to get involved in some form of book looking through.
How Can Air Filters Help in Dealing with Indoor Mold? Inadequate ventilation, cigarette smoke, high temperature. In addition to humidity, ugh they are primary reasons for indoor mold. According to the conserve-energy-future report, asbestos in building materials, paints, and coatings too. For they are also cause indoor air pollution. So to prevent indoor mold due to asbestos, one should use HEPA filters (High-Efficiency Particulate Air). HEPA air filters are essential HEPA filters like help in trapping microscopic particles in the air. Statistics show that about 21.8 million people in the US have Asthma, and about 4.6 million cases report having asthma attacks due to mold and dampness at home. If you have air filters in your HVAC units that comply with the industry standards, you can prevent mold build-up at home. Here’s how air filters work to prevent indoor mold. Air Filters Trap the Spread of Mold If you have an air purifier, equip it with a high-efficiency air filter. You may consult the leading air filter dealer in your city to ask which device will help you control the spread of different molds like Cladosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Stachybotrys, Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Chaetomium. An air filter is a mesh fabric designed to block the air particles that pass through your HVAC unit or air purifier. The more frequently you change the air filter, the more efficiently indoor air is purified. Also, the filter frame has to be airtight to prevent the spread of mold. Air Filters Must Meet the Industry Standard Mold spores vary in sizes. Their size ranges between 4 microns to 20 microns. The air filters in AC and furnace must be certified as per the industry standards. Also, look for filters like the that can trap even the smallest micron mold. Look for the MERV (minimum efficiency reporting value) rating within the range of 0 to 20. The higher the rating, the superior air filter is. Usually, an air filter with five to twelve ratings is considered efficient for home-usage. Place the HVAC Unit in Dark and Damp Areas Indoor mold frequently occurs in areas where there is moisture. Bathrooms, kitchens, basement, storage area, and living rooms with upholstered furniture are the places where mold forms commonly. To prevent mold formation, you must place the AC and furnace in these locations. The air filters will work to make sure there is no growth of mold in these damp areas. You can also make efforts by keeping the places decluttered and clean to allow the free movement of fresh air. Another best solution is to keep a monthly check on the air filters and replace them for better performance of your HVAC unit. By thorough maintenance, you will be able to keep the indoor spaces air pollutant-free. Try Different Type of Air Filters Different sizes and types of air filters are available in the market. Asbestos, allergen, hypoallergenic, pleated, and oil furnace air filters work efficiently in protecting the indoor air from mold and other microorganisms. In conclusion, most of these air filters have a tight weaving. One that traps the pollutants quickly. The MERV rating depends on the weaving of air filters. You can use any air filter to suit air purifying needs. Some air filters are also efficient in protecting the house from cigarette smoke. All which is also one of the causes of indoor mold occurrence.
contributors come indigenous a range of backgrounds, and also over 20+ years there have actually been thousands of skilled writers and editors who have actually contributed. You are watching: Which of the following best describes the invisible-hand concept Somer G. Anderson is CPA, medical professional of accounting, and also an accounting and finance professor who has actually been functioning in the accounting and finance markets for an ext than 20 years. Her specialization covers a wide variety of accounting, that company finance, taxes, lending, and personal finance areas. The concept of the "invisible hand" was first explained through Adam smith in his book, The theory of ethical Sentiments and also later increased upon in his 1776 classic foundational work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes that the wealth of Nations. It referred to the indirect or unintended services for society that result from the operations of a cost-free market economy. Smith, thought about to have founded modern-day economic concept in the late 18th century, was no fan of widespread federal government regulation the the economy. He also went so far regarding defend smuggling as a natural, legitimate part of the economy. His "laissez-faire," or free-market, theories are primarily adopted by the supply-side Milton Friedman school of economic thought. Those theories stand in comparison to the 19th century demand-side Keynesian financial theories that came to be increasingly primary in shaping the financial policies of west governments because the 1930s and also the an excellent Depression. Smith"s concept of the invisible hand constitutes the communication of his belief that large-scale government intervention and regulation that the economy is neither crucial nor beneficial. Smith put forth the notion of the invisible hand in arguing that cost-free individuals operating in a complimentary economy, making decision that room primarily focused on your self-interest logically take it actions that benefit society as a whole, even though such advantageous results were not the certain focus or intent of those actions. Smith went on come argue that the intentional intervention of federal government regulation, although the is specifically intended to protect or benefit culture as a whole, in exercise is usually less effective for afford that end than a easily operating industry economy. In many cases, that is harmful to the human being as a totality by denying castle the benefits of an unencumbered marketplace. significant Principles According to Smith, the collective desires of all the separation, personal, instance buyers and sellers in a cost-free economy operate naturally to accomplish: Production that the many desired and also beneficial goods in the most effective manner possible, due to the fact that the seller who most successfully does this benefit the best market share and also revenues.Making goods and also services easily accessible at the functionally lowest prices possible, since complimentary competition between sellers does not allow for price gouging.Automatically flowing the bulk of investment funding toward capital the production of the many necessary, most beneficial, and most want goods and also services, since businesses creating goods or solutions for which there is the highest demand are able to command the highest possible prices and resulting profits. Whether the invisible hand the free-market "goodwill" exists or is in ~ all effective is hotly debated. It is, however, an overwhelming to deny that Smith"s industry philosophy helped create the many successful economic situation in history. See more: Po4^3- Lewis Structure For Po 4 3, (Phosphate Ion) requires writers come use main sources to assistance their work. These incorporate white papers, federal government data, initial reporting, and also interviews with market experts. We also reference initial research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You deserve to learn an ext about the standards we monitor in creating accurate, unbiased content in oureditorial policy.
He is also associated with North. This depiction of Mictantecuhtli resembles a giant red skeleton with turquoise head ornaments. So it is possible that the Aztecs believed Mictlantecuhtli to receive the dead objects from the heavens. He was considered the most powerful god of the underworld who dealt severely with the dead who entered his realm. Mictlantecuhtli Wallpaper. According to Aztec legend, the twin gods Quetzalcoatl and Xolotlwere sent by the other gods to steal the bones of the previous generation of gods from Mictlantecuhtli. When Quetzalcoatl tried to do so, he was hampered in his attempt by Mictlantecuhtli. He is also associated with North. At the beginning of this world, Quetzalcoatl went to Mictlan to gather old bones in order to create a new race of people. The underworld god told Quetzalcoatl that he would let him gather the bones only if he would blow a conch shell like a trumpet four times while he walked around Mictlán. Mictlantecuhtli in the Codex Borgia. In Aztec mythology, Mictlantecuhtli was the skeletal god of death who ruled over Mictlan, the underworld, with his wife, Mictlancihuatl. Originally, gods had planned to create mankind equal but with broken bones, they created different kinds of men and various races. The Lord of Mictlan failed to do so and Quetzalcoatl escaped from the underworld with the bones he wanted. It is one of a handful of codices that some scholars believe to have been written before the Spanish conquest of Mexico, somewhere within what is now southern or western Puebla, though some scholars also argue that it was produced in the first decades after the conquest … After the restoration of the sky and earth by Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl, the two gods decide to create people to inhabit the new world. by Marcelosan (CC BY-SA) Quetzalcóatl (pron. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Mictlantecuhtli’s wife, Mictecacihuatl, was created at the same time as her husband, and the couple ruled over the underworld together. Traducido literalmente, su nombre significa "Señor de Mictlan", siendo Mictlan el inframundo azteca o la tierra de los muertos. According to Aztec legend, the twin gods Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl were sent by the other gods to steal the bones of the previous generation of gods from Mictlantecuhtli. In Aztec mythology, after Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca created the world, they put their creation in order and placed Mictlantecuhtli and his wife, Mictecacihuatl, in the underworld. This is because in Aztec belief system, life and death are related very closely to each other, and each augments the other. After a conversation with Michlantechutli, the Lord of Mictlan agrees to give up the bones if Quetzalcoatl will complete a task that involved Quetzalcoatl traveling around the underworld four times while sounding a trumpet made out of a conch shell. When Michlantechutli hears the conch sounding, he at first allows Quetzalcoatl to take the bones, then quickly changes his mind, but his efforts are in vain as Quetzalcoatl is able to escape the underworld with the bones. Feel free to send us your own wallpaper and we will consider adding it to appropriate category. Seen in this context, Mictlantecuhtli is not just the god of death and underworld but also a deity related to fertility and health of the Aztec society. Mictlantecuhtli was the Aztec god of death . We've got 62+ great wallpaper images hand-picked by our users. In this legend, Mixcoatl shot at Chimalma for spurning his advances. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. No obstante, Quetzalcóatl es más astuto que Mictlantecuhtli y sus secuaces y escapa con los huesos. These included souls of people who died heroic deaths, those who died normal deaths and those who died non-heroic deaths. Aztecs believed that stars tried to defeat the Sun and the Moon but that the Sun defeated them each morning. Redrawn from a detail from Codex Borgia, page 73 In different representations of Mictlantecuhtli, he is depicted as a human figure with his hands wrapped around his knees and looking ahead, as if waiting for someone. It was also attributed to him that he received the stars into his jaw ever morning. He is the main antagonist of the series, sinking cities into the Underworld. Quetzalcoatl eventually revives and retrieves the bones, and gives them to the goddess Cihuacoatl (Woman Serpent) who grinds the bones into a flour-like mixture and puts it into a special container. He is usually shown as a fear-inspiring god who is identified with death, which may explain his fearful countenance. Mictlantecuhtli is associated with a wide assortment of objects in Aztec mythology. When Mictlantecuhtli wouldn’t give them to him, Quetzalcoatl stole them. Those who die uneventful deaths enter his realm. Quetzalcoatl picked them up and returned to the land of the living where the bones were … Quetzalcoatl falls in the pit dead, and the bones are broken and scattered – the reason why people are different sizes today. This underworld of Aztec mythology comprised of different levels. Mictlantecuhtli, Lord of Mictlan, the Land of the Death. En el Códice Florentino, que tiene que ver mucho con la historia tras la llegada de los españoles, no hay referencia de Mictlantecuhtli en el volumen inicial. The Underworld had a very important place in Aztec mythology and it was believed that people descended to the underworld after their death. After the restoration of the sky and earth by Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl, the two gods decide to … But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Mictlantecuhtli is a character in Onyx Equinox. Mictantecuhtli regularly sinks entire cities into the underworld, which the other gods assume to be out of greed for humanity's blood. eval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'aztecsandtenochtitlan_com-box-4','ezslot_6',261,'0','0']));Different depictions of Mictlantecuhtli exist in the extant Aztec sources. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The bones Quetzalcoatl was trying to steal broke in the process. Mictlantecuhtli y Quetzalcóatl son representados como principios opuestos y complementarios, como la muerte y la exhalación de vida que forman el ciclo básico del universo. Aztec hoped to have a death good enough for one of the many paradises they believed in. We use cookies to make sure you have the best experience on our website. El ya enojado Mictlantecuhtli, ordena a sus seguidores que caven un pozo profundo. Quetzalcoatl s'étant enfui, Mictlantecuhtli ordonna à ses serviteurs d'aller creuser un trou dans lequel Quetzalcoatl tomba. Aztecs believed that all those who were born on the 6th day of the 13th week received their souls from Mictlantecuhtli. Quetzalcoatl was searching for the bones of the creatures from the previous world of the 4th Sun in order to make mankind. A number of Aztec deities appeared in the Aztec calendar where each day was denoted by certain symbols. An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. In some instances in Aztec codices, Mictlantecuhtli is shown as a deity with arms raised aggressively. Mictlantecuhtli - ‘Lord of Mictlan’ in Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec. Quetzalcoatl. Mictlantecuhtli era un dios en el panteón azteca. This is meant to depict Mictlantecuhtli waiting for the dead to arrive so that he can tear them apart as they enter the underworld. Aztecs believed that the Earth aged in cycles of the Sun and each cycle culminated in the destruction of mankind. The Aztec pictured him with a skull for a face. The gods are then able to gather around this container, shed drops of their own blood, & from the combination, spawn the peoples of today. The bones Quetzalcoatl was trying to steal broke in the process. Aus diesem Grund hatte zum Beispiel der Regengott Tlaloc als Regenspender eine ganz bedeutende Rolle für die … These cookies do not store any personal information. Mictlantecuhtli resented the presence of Quetzalcoatl in his space and decided to throw obstacles in his way to prevent him from creating humans and the new Fifth Sun. The god of the underworld sought to block Quetzalcoatl's escape with the bones and, although he failed, he forced Quetzalcoatl to drop the bones, which were scattered and broken by the fall. According to Aztec mythology, Mictlantecuhtli and his wife were made gods of the underworld after Quetzalcoatl created the world. Aztec gods of wind and death. Sign up to be notified when DeliriumsRealm publishes new content. This is how, Aztecs believed, mankind came into being during the fifth cycle of the Sun which is the current cycle. In Aztec mythology, after Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipocacreated the world, they put their creation in order and placed Mictlantecuhtli and his wife in the underworld. In order to do this, Quetzalcoatl travels to the underworld to retrieve the human bones of the last creation. The Codex Borgia or Codex Yoalli Ehēcatl is an Aztec ritual and divinatory manuscript dating from the 16th century. Mictlantecuhtli is the ruler of Mictlan, the Aztec underworld, with his wife Mictecacihuatl. Like several other early Aztec gods, Mictlantecuhtli was not born to another god, but was instead created by Xipe Totec, Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, and Huitzilopochtliduring their construction of the universe. These sources include Aztec art, such as ceramics and statues, and Aztec books called codices. It did not take long for him to change his mind, however, and Mictlantecuhtli attempted to stop Quetzalcoatl. Seus animais simbólicos são a aranha, a coruja e o morcego. According to the mythology, he had been charged with overlooking the underworld and the bones of the gods in the underworld since time immemorial. The worship of Mictlantecuhtli sometimes involved ritual cannibalism, with human flesh being consumed in and around the temple. Quetzalcoatl still carried them back to the living gods who turned these bones into different races of mankind. In Aztec mythology, skeletal figures are also intended to mean fertility and health. Mictlantecuhtli, then, far from giving up, arranged for his assistants, the Micteca, to dig a large pit so that Quetzalcoatl would stumble into it when he tried to leave Mictlán. In Aztec mythology, Mictlantecuhtli was the skeletal god of death who ruled over Mictlan, the underworld, with his wife, Mictlancihuatl. Enroll now in the course: Fallen Angels, Demons & Satan in Judeo-Christian Traditions. Having heard Quetzalcoatl sounding the conch trumpet, Mictlantecuhtli decided to allow the god to take the bones. Sure enough, when passing the pit and, unluckily startled by a passing quail, Quetzalcoatl fell into the trap and the bones became broken and scattered. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Demonology, Fallen Angels, and the Philosophy of Good and Evil. Although Aztecs had many other gods and goddesses related to the underworld, Mictlantecuhtli was probably the most important underworld god for them. Other legends posited that Quetzalcoatl was the son of the goddess Chimalma. Nye County, Nevada Population, Princess Toddler Bed Canada, Second Hand Golf Clubs Adelaide, Cute You're Welcome Images, Mahlkonig Gh2 Manual, The Miracles Most Famous Songs, Hospital Housekeeping Jobs, Bridge Of Flowers Ct, Emtee Twin Brother, Bradley Beach Events,
When the ancient Greeks invented the coins The coins, which are about two-thirds the size of modern coins, are known as the Golden Age of Greece and are considered to be among the most important coins ever minted. They are believed to have been produced between the 4th and the 6th centuries BCE. The coins are said to have originally were struck by hand with a single edge and weighed 1.6 grams. It was then that they became one of the most popular and sought after coins in ancient Greece, as well as the first ones to be used in coins, according to the New York Times. They were also a popular subject for the ancient art of painting and sculpture. There are five coins with the words “GREEK” on the obverse and the words, “NIKI” on both sides of the coin. The reverse of the coins has a large eagle on it. As part of a broader survey of coins in Greece, the researchers identified coins with a Greek letter or design. These coins were used by the Hellenes as a symbol of power and influence. In the same way, ancient coins were also used to mark important religious and cultural events, according the Times. One such event was the Trojan War, which took place in 490 BCE between the Greek and the Greek-speaking Romans. According to the Times, the first coins to be struck were the “Golden Age of Athens” and the “The Golden Age” coins, each weighing 1.7 grams and measuring 3.3 inches. The researchers found a similar pattern to those found on modern coins. Ancient Greeks were also known for their artistic skills. “The most important of the Greek coins, the ones that were really the first of their kind, were of the form of a bull, a bull with a helmet and a helmet of metal,” Dr. Tommaso Bagnasco, the lead researcher on the project, told the Times of Israel. Bagnascos research revealed that the first depictions of these coins were made between 490 BCE and 519 BCE. In those days, the Hellenistic art was largely influenced by the Greek art of bronze and goldwork, which is found in Greece today. Some of the designs of the golden bull were based on the bull of Apollo, a mythological figure that is believed to be the patron deity of the Hellenic people. Other depictions of the bull were of a goat, a ram, and an eagle. For the coin “The Eagle,” the researchers traced the Greek letter “A” through a gold seal. On the reverse of this coin, they discovered a depiction of a golden eagle. “The eagle is not just a symbol for wealth and power, it’s also a symbol to the gods,” said Bagnos. “In this way, it symbolizes the power and power of the gods.” The researchers hope to use their findings to create a better understanding of the origins of ancient Greek coins. “We hope that our research will help us to identify the most significant coins from the ancient past and to bring them into the present,” said Dr. Bagnias. Follow CNN Money on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. KYC, KYC verification, KYCs, KYCM, KYCP: How to avoid scams KYC is a legal requirement that is required by banks to verify the identity of individuals before they can open a bank account or make a purchase. KYC involves two parts: verifying a person’s identity with a third party, and providing a copy of the identity to the bank. The first step is to verify that the person is the person the bank believes the person’s name to be. For instance, you would be able to prove that someone named Murtaza was not Murtaz. In some countries, this is known as “checking your identity”. In India, the KYC process can be a little tricky. You have to provide the bank with your Aadhaar, a unique code for each of your bank accounts. You can also provide a copy to the KYCM if you do not have it with you. KYCM will ask you for a copy. In this way, you can verify the details of your account and make sure you are not buying something that is not yours. The process can take up to 24 hours. KYCs are not mandatory. You will still be required to provide a signature for your KYC document. You are then required to complete a KYC application form, which requires you to provide information on yourself, your bank account, and your bank details.KYC verification can take time and involves a lot of paperwork. It is very expensive and not always easy to complete. For example, in 2015, there were around 1,500 bank branches in India, according to data from the RBI. So, it is not as simple as just filling out the form and handing it in. The Indian government has also introduced a new KYC procedure that is meant to ease KYC-related problems. It has also asked banks to make the application process easier. For instance, instead of providing an Aadhaar number, banks now ask for a letter of identification (KYI). The letter of ID, along with the name and address of the bank account holder, will help you verify the name. If you are using the same bank account to open multiple accounts, you will need to provide multiple KYC documents. In addition, banks are asking that all transactions that are going to be recorded through KYC should be completed by May 2020. The bank will be required by law to send the information about the transaction to the Indian Revenue Department (IRD). UK banks could face £3.8bn fines over bank-related breaches A British bank could face a further £3bn fine over a series of bank-linked breaches, as part of a wider investigation by the Serious Fraud Office. The watchdog’s probe found that at least two bank branches across the UK had been linked to criminal activity. It said that while some branches were operating at “superior” standards, “many branches were in breach of the Bank Act and the Code of Conduct for Banking Supervision”. At least four of the branches were “systemically unauthorised” to act on customer accounts. The inquiry’s report, which is due to be released on Friday, said that “there is a need for further action to ensure that banks are operating in a manner which minimises risk to the financial stability of the UK”. “This investigation has uncovered numerous examples of poor supervision and compliance with the Bank Acts and the Bank Code of Practice for Banking Supervisor,” the report said. “It is clear that there is a continuing lack of understanding of the regulations that govern the banking industry and the risks that arise from them.” The findings of this investigation indicate that it is vital that there are robust checks and balances in place to prevent any future failings of this magnitude. “There is also a need to strengthen the monitoring of compliance with Bank Act regulations.” Barclays said it “stands firmly” by its actions. “The bank has taken appropriate remedial action to improve its compliance, particularly in respect of the accounts of customers,” it said. The bank said it was also working with regulators to identify and address any concerns it may have identified. “We have made a number of changes to our procedures to ensure we have the right level of supervision and we have implemented our existing code of conduct, which provides that supervisors have to be supervised by an experienced and experienced-minded supervisor,” it added. Barclays added that it “will work with regulators and the regulator of each of the bank’s branches and to the regulator for each of its branches” to implement its code of practice and safeguard customer information. Bank of Scotland is the latest UK bank to face a regulatory inquiry over the conduct of its traders. Last month, Barclays faced a separate probe into the conduct and integrity of its trading activities after it admitted to misleading clients in its 2015 annual report. Barclays and RBS, which has faced the same scrutiny in the past, both said they were taking “all appropriate steps” to improve their operations. HSBC also said it would “fully cooperate” with the SFO’s probe. The investigation follows a series in the UK of breaches by some banks of the regulatory requirements of the financial services industry. Last year, Barclays paid $1.8 billion in fines to settle an investigation into the bank over alleged fraud. In May, RBS paid $2.3 billion in penalties and compensation to settle allegations of fraud. The latest breach of a regulatory scheme has prompted warnings from regulators about the risks to financial stability posed by the lack of effective regulation of financial institutions. In March, the Solicitor General’s office warned of the need for “robust supervision of the banking sector”. “Regulators must be able to identify, monitor and investigate banking practices which pose a risk to consumers and the wider economy,” it warned. “If they do not, then the risks of widespread financial instability will be compounded.” Japan’s ‘Sushi Coin’ craze comes full circle Japan has long been known as the world’s “Sushi Kingdom”. Its mainstay, which has since expanded to include other cuisines, is sushi. And it is, as you may have guessed, a popular way of making a decent amount of money. It is a lucrative business. The government is helping to support it. The country has around 5,500 sushi restaurants, and the average restaurant makes about 2,500 yen a month. In addition to this, the government has paid a huge amount of tax on sushi. It has been estimated that the country’s entire GDP was spent on sushi in the past year. Now, it is a Japanese thing, and people are paying more attention to it. “Sokitokuji” or “Sasuke’s Treasure” is the nickname for this trend. It started in 2016, when the Japanese government launched an initiative called “Sakura Cash”, aimed at raising the price of the nation’s biggest food items. It was supposed to help Japan’s economy grow by 1.5% annually, which would have brought in around $10bn for the country. Instead, it brought in only $2.6bn, and is now at an all-time low. That’s why people are now looking for ways to make more money. “A lot of people have stopped doing things that they used to do, and are looking to make money,” said Takahiro Uematsu, a 25-year-old sushi restaurant manager in Japan’s biggest city of Yokohama. “This is a very popular thing.” The Japanese government is supporting it by issuing a new coin, which is a mix of silver and gold. It’s also launching a new generation of sushi restaurants in the country, with a focus on sushi-making. The first to open are in the capital, Tokyo, and in the northern province of Hokkaido. A new type of sushi is being introduced to the Japanese public, and it’s getting a lot of attention. The “SukiCash” coin, or “silver sushi”, is an alternative to silver coins. In Japan, the new coins are called “sushi coins”, and are issued by the Ministry of Finance. A silver coin is usually worth about 20-25% of its face value. “The reason why people buy silver coins is because it is very easy to buy, and also because it’s relatively cheap,” said Hiroshi Sakaki, a spokesperson for the Japanese Mint. “People are willing to pay more for it because it has an attractive price tag.” “Silver sushi” is also known as “saku-jin” (silver coins), “sakuga” (Sushi), or “kakuga-jin”. The Japanese currency is called “Kunai” (Japanese yen), and is used for all kinds of things. It also has a number of other names, such as “Konbu”, “Gundam” or even “Gurado”. The “saki” in the name refers to the salt. “We want to be more open and more transparent,” said Shigenori Inoue, a spokesman for the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Trade. “What we are trying to do is give the public more information.” “The sushi market is growing quickly,” said Koyuki Kawasaki, the owner of the Tsukiji sushi restaurant in Yokohamada. Tsukiji is one of the world, and most of the major sushi restaurants are located in Tokyo, which sells out every day. “But we still don’t have a good market,” Kawasaki said. “Sakuga is also popular with young people. “ So, it would be great if we could create a market for all types of sushi.” “Sakuga is also popular with young people. So, I think the Japanese people are really interested in it. It could be a good business to start with.” In the past, it was relatively easy to find sushi. Tsukikas were popular in Japan, and were usually found in the most affluent neighbourhoods. In the 1980s, the price for a piece of sushi was around 25 yen. But the price has gone up dramatically in the last decade, and sushi bars in Japan are becoming more crowded. Now they’re usually offering sushi for around 100 yen, according to one report. “It is a difficult business to open a restaurant,” said Sakaki. “Many people are worried about how the restaurant will fare. So they have to make decisions based on that.” He added that while the new currency is now popular, it will take a while for people to get used to it, and that people will have to spend a lot more time in their restaurants to make use of the new system. The new Japanese coins are being introduced for the first time, and while they are already
During the 2021-2022 school year, we will continue to offer free access to EdReady Math and EdReady English to Michigan families. For further details, please visit https://michiganvirtual.org/students/edready/ rather than enrolling in the Student Learning Portal (SLP). EdReady Math permits students to self-assess for mastery of grade-level knowledge and skills and readiness their next math course. EdReady uses diagnostic testing to establish personalized study paths to fill in learning gaps and to reinforce understanding. Each EdReady Math goal contains between 20-80 learning topics aimed at fully preparing students for readiness for the next grade level. Online instruction follows a consistent structure of… 1. Warm Up 2. Presentation 3. Worked Examples 4. Topic Text 5. Practice 6. Review 7. Test EdReady also utilizes a variety of topic-specific, media-rich resources, including an embedded glossary, NROC Developmental Math content, Khan Academy, and more. As students demonstrate mastery of each skill and learning topic in their study path, they see their goal score increase as evidence of progress toward their target score of 100. View a two-minute overview of EdReady Math from the NROC Project at https://vimeo.com/238632745. Terms Offered (21-22) EdReady (Open Entry/Fixed End) NCAA Approved? Not Approved Course Type Common Core State Standards-Math Limited Course Capacity
Quick Answer: Where Would You Commonly Find The Microorganisms That Cause Healthcare Associated Infections? Is MRSA a healthcare associated infection? surgical site infections.. What is the most common nosocomial infection? Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) CAUTI is the most usual type of nosocomial infection globally [11]. According to acute care hospital stats in 2011, UTIs account for more than 12% of reported infections [12]. CAUTIs are caused by endogenous native microflora of the patients. What kinds of germs can cause Hcais? What is a health care associated infection? What are the most common microbes causing HAIs? The following is a comprehensive list of 25 of the most common bacteria and viruses causing HAIs:Escherichia coli. … Klebsiella pneumoniae. … Morganella morganii. … Mycobacterium abscessus. … Psuedomonas aeruginosa. … Staphylococcus aureus. … Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. … Mycobacterium tuberculosis.More items…• How can health care associated infections be prevented? What is the main route to spread infection? The transmission of microorganisms can be divided into the following five main routes: direct contact, fomites, aerosol (airborne), oral (ingestion), and vectorborne. Some microorganisms can be transmitted by more than one route. What is the most common means of transmission of microorganisms in the healthcare environment? Among patients and health care personnel, microorganisms are spread to others through four common routes of transmission: contact (direct and indirect), respiratory droplets, airborne spread, and common vehicle. Which of the following are the three most common sites for healthcare associated infections? The four most common types of HAIs are related to invasive devices or surgical procedures and include:Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)Surgical site infection (SSI)Ventilator-associated events (VAE) Is MRSA the most common type of healthcare associated infection? How common are healthcare associated infections? At any one time in the United States, 1 out of every 25 hospitalized patients are affected by an HAI. HAIs occur in all types of care settings, including: Acute care hospitals. What is the most common healthcare associated infection? Which body site is most commonly associated with a hospital acquired infection? Central venous catheters are considered the primary source of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. The other sources of bloodstream infections are catheter-associated urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated Pneumonia. What are the three modes of transmission of microorganisms? What are the 3 main ways infection can get into the body? Infections can be spread through these 5 different ways:Physical contact. Infections, especially skin contagions, are spread by direct physical contact. … Droplet spreading. Colds, strep throat etc. … Contaminated items. … Bowel movements. … Exposure to blood.
Leaders Can Learn Emotional Intelligence. When you do, be sure to encourage the person first then communicate your concern by saying âyou would be even better if you ________â [fill in the blank with what they could have done better]. When we talk about leadership development, the focus is often on people skills, communications skills, vision, intelligence, business acumen, even boldness. At Academy of Leadership Coaching & NLP we help leaders understand their role in emotional and social intelligence. Going beyond the nuts and bolts of being a leader to emphasize how your emotions affect others. Thorndike noted that such interpersonal effectiveness was of vital importance for success in many fields, particularly leadership. Gravity Payments is the US-based company that generated a tsunamic reaction of over 500 million interactions on social media in 2011 when Price established a US$70,000 minimum wage for his employees. Emotional intelligence distinguishes among leaders who are successful in organizations, where technical skills are less of a significant factor (Goleman, 2004). This gives them the tools they need to be more effective in their management positions. Sometimes that interaction is just small talk with very little feeling, while other times, it is deep gritty conversation that prods at the heart of a pressing situation. Having the ability to master ESI gives leaders a distinct advantage in their positions. Make quick connections with new acquaintances. Seek opportunities to encourage and help others. They may be prone to behaviors such as yelling, blaming, and being passive aggressive. Social intelligence is one of the most important character strengths to determine the success of leaders because leading is social in nature. They are not egoistic and they listen and care about the feelings of others. Yet, research has overlooked the importance of social intelligence for entrepreneurial leaders. Leaders with empathy actively support the career and personal growth of their team members, offer criticism without crushing the recipient, and solicit regular feedback from their employees. Social Intelligence: Social intelligence is the ability to determine the requirements for leadership in a particular situation and select an appropriate response. Some of those you lead may require coaching. Result: Elizabeth Dole connected with Red Cross staff, volunteers, and donors and produced results. Two broad ingredients make up social intelligence: social awareness and social facility. However, some leadership training programs have shown otherwise. Preschool and early elementary is a critical time where targeted social-emotional learning interventions can have the greatest impact on long-term outcomes. Leaders who are low in emotional intelligence tend to act out in stressful situations because they’re not able to manage their own emotions. Social scientist Ross Honeywill postulates that social intelligence is an aggregated measure of self- and social-awareness, evolved social beliefs and attitudes, and a capacity and appetite to manage complex social change. When you feel fear or anger, pause to take a deep breath and count to 10 so that you have time to relax and reflect before reacting. It was recognised that effective leadership is highly reliant on cognitive intelligence, but it cannot be ignored that emotional intelligence is highly influential in effective leadership. Our society puts a huge emphasis on book smarts and IQ, but our relationships effect a much bigger part of our lives. When people feel excluded it triggers âsocial pain,â i.e. Emotional intelligence is the ability to comprehend your own feelings as well as the others' feelings. As president of the Red Cross, Elizabeth Dole would say that âwanting to do good was not good enoughâ and that the organization had to produce results. Such behaviors include needing to win at all costs, adding oneâs opinion to every discussion, always showing others how smart one is, and sarcasm or putting others down. “The best mechanic in a factory,” he wrote, “may fail as a foreman for lack of social intelligence.” Not that simple, right? In interacting with others, she used their names, asked them about their interests and vicariously felt the emotions they expressed. Practice active listening. "> window._wpemojiSettings={"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/nlp-leadership-coaching.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.4.4"}}; This 2-day intensive program is designed to help you gain an honest awareness of yourself and how your behavior impacts others. For example, a manager who isn’t a good delegator but is self-aware about that shortcoming can make a conscious eff… Develop the habit of always looking for ways to encourage and help people then follow through on any actions you commit to do. It helps boost our self-awareness, self-control, motivation, empathy, and social skills, all … Rather than berating people, he asked them to get the âmooseâ (i.e. When you feel fear or anger, take time to slow down and reflect. If you see someone doing something that is socially unintelligent (i.e. When you encourage and help others, it connects with them. Social-emotional skills are widely believed to be more important to effective long-term learning than IQ. She had her staff research people to identify an important fact about them that she would use in conversations with them. Listen carefully and be present in conversations. Learn how The Leader in Me does this on our blog. These skills allow us to understand and manage social interactions (both our own and those with others). In other words, mirror neurons allow us to feel what others feel, a state described as âmutual empathy.â The existence of mirror neurons also means that emotions truly are contagious. His latest book is called Leadership: The Power of Emotional Intelligence (Selected Writings). In emotional intelligence the term 'social skills' refers to the skills needed to handle and influence other people’s emotions effectively. Social intelligence means more than just being a caring person. Oftentimes people are promoted into leadership positions because theyâve been successful as individual contributors. We seek to promote a new kind of leader by emphasizing self-awareness and focus, fostered by contemplative and application-based practice. Emotional Intelligence, a different way of being smart, is a key to high performance at all levels, particularly for outstanding leadership. Share on Facebook. June 12, 2017. Emotional and Social Intelligence (ESI) correlates to a person’s abilities in self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management. Unless you have been banished to a remote island in the middle of the ocean, you will invariably encounter situations where you need to have a social and even an emotional interaction with someone. The most important factor might be the leader with his abilities, attitudes and behaviors himself. Our coach training allows leaders to develop these all-important skills in combination with NLP. If you continue to feel fear or anger, consider taking a break from the person or situation. “I want the scorecard we have as business leaders to be not about money but about purpose, impact, and service,” he said. Emotionally intelligent leaders also gain more trust and respect. Even if you have the qualifications on paper, a lack of social intelligence could lead to strained or ruined relationships, as well as lost opportunities. A socially intelligent leader avoids behaviors that bring out negative emotions in others. During conversations, pay close attention to what is said, actively ask questions and write down any items you need to remember or follow up on. Learn how The Leader in Me does this on our blog. Fear and anger trigger fight or flight responses that have a higher probability of being rash than rational. Through his or her interactions with others, leaders must motivate people to give their best efforts and align their behavior with organizational goals. There's no denying it. Social awareness covers a spectrum of understanding, from empathy—sensing another person’s inner state or understanding their thoughts and feelings—to grasping a complex social situation. Today's purpose: Successful leadership In Social Intelligence: The New Science of Success, Karl Albrecht goes to great lengths to describe the various skills and phenomena involved in social intelligence. The more socially intelligent Lafley was a breath of fresh air. Emotional intelligence can be the most potent weapon in our armory. The power of play in developing emotional intelligence impacting leadership success: A study of the leadership team in a midwest private, liberal arts university (Order No. In a little more than two years after Lafley became CEO, the company was so profitable its stock price had risen 70 percent! I n order to lead, one must first look within. The socially intelligent person knows how to play different social roles — allowing him or her to feel comfortable with all types of people. There are various studies done on relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership, only a few of them were took part in educational organizations by focusing on … Building and maintaining interpersonal relationships is the proving ground for highly effective leaders. Emotional intelligence leadership is necessary for managers and executives. This reflects social intelligence in that people respond better to a respectful tone of voice and being invited to problem solve versus an authoritarian tone of voice and being lectured. While traditional schooling helps to develop the thinking mind (logic and rationality), the emotional mind is typically formed through self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management. Social and emotional intelligence. feelings of exclusion that activate the part of the human brain that feels physical pain. The Importance Of Emotional Intelligence For A Leader. Psychologist, Nicholas Humphrey believes that it is social intelligence, rather than quantitative intelligence, that defines who we are as humans. social intelligence. Good leaders know how to be inclusive. Leaders who display and nurture high emotional intelligence inevitably become better leaders. If an individual youâre interacting with expresses emotion, and itâs appropriate, allow yourself to feel the emotion rather than suppressing it. Forgiveness and mercy (i.e. Emotional intelligence is an important skill set in leading, hence leaders identified to be effective have an appreciable level of the skill set (Goleman, 2004, Table 1). Leaders Can Learn Emotional Intelligence. The impact of emotional intelligence in staff on patient health care outcomes has been recently highlighted. These brain cells have been described as an emotional wi-fi system that detects and reproduces the emotions of others. Our inspiring Coaching for Performance leadership programme is built on the two pillars of awareness and responsibility.The training allow leaders to develop emotional and social competencies that give them greater agility, gain their people’s trust and create Vision that connects and inspires their organization. Such leaders are what it takes to motivate employees to perform above expectations. Social intelligence is being aware of your own motives as well as the feelings of others, knowing what to do to fit into different social situations, and knowing what makes other people tick. Social Intelligence (SI) is the ability to get along well with others, and to get them to cooperate with you. Model it and coach your team. the problems theyâd been afraid to make public) out of the closets and onto the conference room tables where together they would solve them. /! Social intelligence has the potential to not only provide meaningful insights to business functions such as product development and customer service but also in the creation of impactful communication campaigns When Chinese netizens appropriated November 11 as Single's Day (1111) about four years ago, no one -let alone marketers - could foresee the buying frenzy that would follow. Consider ways that you can enhance Social Intelligence within your organization – remember, there’s always room for improvement! Social intelligence turns out to be especially important in crisis situations. Social Intelligence (SQ) is closely related and definitely linked to Emotional Intelligence (EQ). Emotional intelligence can be the most potent weapon in our armory. Emotional intelligence plays a great role in maintaining positive relationships with people around and being a successful leader. It consists of perceptiveness and behavioral flexibility (Yukl, 2001). In many organizations, … .fve-video-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;background-color:transparent;padding-bottom:56.25%;margin:0.5em 0}.fve-video-wrapper iframe, .fve-video-wrapper object, .fve-video-wrapper embed{position:absolute;display:block;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.fve-video-wrapper a.hyperlink-image{position:relative;display:none}.fve-video-wrapper a.hyperlink-image img{position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%}.fve-video-wrapper a.hyperlink-image .fve-play-button{position:absolute;left:35%;top:35%;right:35%;bottom:35%;z-index:3;background-color:rgba(40, 40, 40, 0.75);background-size:100% 100%;border-radius:10px}.fve-video-wrapper a.hyperlink-image:hover .fve-play-button{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)}.comments-link{display:none} document.documentElement.className=document.documentElement.className.replace('no-js','js'); .no-js img.lazyload{display:none}figure.wp-block-image img.lazyloading{min-width:150px}.lazyload,.lazyloading{opacity:0}.lazyloaded{opacity:1;transition:opacity 400ms;transition-delay:0ms}.navbar{z-index:1001} (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]\|\|function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q\|\|[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');ga('create','UA-55504696-1','auto');ga('send','pageview'); try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}. Surveys of employees at 700 companies found they felt having a supportive boss was more important than a bigger paycheck. 10257. It allows them to access their emotional center while … ... on emotional intelligence as part of their leadership development programs. Social intelligence turns out to be especially important in crisis situations. All rights Reserved. Role Playing and Social Self-Efficacy. The thinking mind is located in the cortex of the brain, while the emotional mind is located in the limbic system. In the past, scores from IQ tests were considered the gold standard in defining how successful and individual would be at work or in life. © 2014-2020 ALCN LLC. This is due to their ability to manage their … 10 Ways to Improve Your Connection Skills, 3 Surprising Ways to Succeed in Self-Leadership. Importance of leadership skills in education for students in schools. Leaders also need to be intentional about managing their emotions because of how emotions spread to others. And, without a personality yourself, you would just be an app. Emotional and Social Intelligence (ESI) correlates to a person’s abilities in self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management. However, it has been argued that the importance of emotional intelligence in health care has been overestimated. Social intelligence means more than just being a caring person. What makes them successful in an individual role, however, may be insufficient to ensure their success as a leader. When A.G. Lafley became CEO of Procter and Gamble in 2000, he followed a CEO who was negative, pessimistic and lacked humility. Leadership teaches us, what to learn, what needs to follow, what is important in certain situations and times etc. It allows them to access their emotional center while mentoring and coaching their team members. Additionally, ESI allows us to develop and act upon empathy toward another person, form relationships and create bonds that give us a higher sense of purpose. Psychologically Safe Leadership: The Importance of Social Intelligence Social Intelligence involves acting as a role model and facilitator of psychologically safe interactions between and among all workplace stakeholders, including those who are marginalized or vulnerable. Yet, research has overlooked the importance of social intelligence for entrepreneurial leaders. When providing constructive feedback, strive to be gentle and kind in your tone of voice so the other person is less likely to become defensive. For instance, “teachers moved from working in isolation to working collaboratively, increased accountability, implementation of monitoring systems, and distributing leadership can be a huge paradigm shift in” most school … What exactly is it and how does it play out in the context of leadership? Under the former leader, the company had lost $320 million the previous quarter, half its brands were losing market share, and the firm was struggling with morale problems. Business leaders are directly responsible for the success of their companies. In his book about social intelligence, Daniel Goleman describes the phenomenon of contagious emotions as he explains that our social interactions actually affect our brain chemistry and in turn, our immune systems and overall physical and mental health. When someone says or does something disconnecting in his or her interactions with you, give the benefit of the doubt that he or she didn't intend harm or ill-will. The Components of Emotional Intelligence These leaders have the capability to understand their employees’ needs, can empathise more effectively and therefore interact and manage their relationships in a positive fashion. To do this, ask a question such as âwhat are your interests outside of work?â. 'Social skills' is a very broad term (our page Social Skills covers the general meaning), but it is also used quite specifically in the context of Emotional Intelligence.. It takes time to understand. These skills allow us to understand and manage social interactions (both our own and those with others). Competencies associated with emotional and social intelligence are often what separates an average leader from a great one. For example, itâs preferable to say âIâm upset that you didnât help with that extra work that had to be doneâ than âyou never help when extra work has to be done.â. !function(e,a,t){var r,n,o,i,p=a.createElement("canvas"),s=p.getContext&&p.getContext("2d");function c(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;s.clearRect(0,0,p.width,p.height),s.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);var r=p.toDataURL();return s.clearRect(0,0,p.width,p.height),s.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),r===p.toDataURL()}function l(e){if(!s\|\|!s.fillText)return!1;switch(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return!c([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])&&(!c([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!c([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]));case"emoji":return!c([55357,56424,55356,57342,8205,55358,56605,8205,55357,56424,55356,57340],[55357,56424,55356,57342,8203,55358,56605,8203,55357,56424,55356,57340])}return!1}function d(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(i=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},o=0;o Pina Colada Dipping Sauce For Fruit, Lenovo Ideapad 330 Review, Rncm Brand New Orchestra, Victoria Secret Exotic Body Mist Review, Montauk Downs State Park Camping, Tijuana Flats Brian Wheeler, How To Homeschool Yourself, 400w Solar Panel Specifications, Oak Ridge Boys Death,
One of the most important things that young adults can do to set themselves up for financial success in the future is to build a strong and healthy credit score. Why is it important to start building credit? It determines what rates you can get on a mortgage, car loan, and any other type of loan. If you are just starting your credit journey, there are a few things to keep in mind when making monetary decisions. Schedule an appointment online. What is credit? You may be familiar with this word if you are in college trying to build up credit hours for graduation. In the financial world, however, credit can refer to an agreement between borrower and lender or an individual’s credit history. Credit scores range from 300-850 with 850 being the best. A good score is considered anything above 650, while great score is typically anything above 720. Credit score is determined by multiple factors, the main ones being payment history, length of credit, and credit usage. • Payment history: The most important factor, paying on time can boost and paying late can damage your score. The later you pay the more it could hurt your score. • Length of credit: The longer you have a line of credit open – revolving credit – it could potentially help your score by paying the monthly payments. • Credit usage: The more you use your credit card and pay it off fast, the more likely it is for your score to increase. The utilization rate is one of the most important factors because it shows your usage versus the amount of credit available. The recommended utilization rate is 30% so you can show that you are responsible with your credit and do not need to rely on it heavily. How do I build my credit? A good way to start is with small purchases, items you know you can pay back almost immediately – ideally within the week like a meal, groceries, or gas fill up. Try to avoid having a consistent revolving credit line. Revolving credit is having a constant balance on your credit card for an extended period of time. It can show that you are unable to pay back the debt, which in turn could harm your credit score. Try to pay off as much of the balance as you can. Because of interest, paying only the monthly minimum will lead to paying more than the value for what you bought. Another reason to pay more than the monthly minimum, is it can take a significantly long time to pay off the balance, which could damage your credit score. During your credit building journey, it’s important to take precautionary steps in order to keep your hard-earned credit safe. Do not give your personal information, such as your social security number, to an untrusted source. Avoid letting people who are not listed on your account use your credit card. Building your credit is an exciting step in adulthood. By establishing smart habits, such as paying your balance on time, making smart purchases, and always keeping your credit limit in mind, your credit score can become a powerful tool for when it’s time to buy a home or pursue higher education. Learn more about credit building tips on
Performance management: in the first of two articles, Ian Janes analyses the principles underpinning the types of decision-making scenarios to be found in the new P2 paper. AuthorJanes, Ian PositionStudy notes: PAPER P2 Decision-making is a big part of most accountants' jobs. They regularly have to take, or provide the information for, key business decisions, both on a day-to-day basis and for the longer term. This is also true of candidates studying paper P2, which requires many fundamental choices to be made. Probably the most crucial element in decision-making is the cost-benefit analysis, where we take into account the cost and revenue implications of the options open to us. It's important to recognise that making decisions on a financial accounting (absorption) costing basis is likely to be inappropriate, because the fixed cost element may not be affected by a particular course of action. Instead, many decisions are based on contribution. The measurement of this (contribution per unit equals the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit) is really a form of marginal or cost-benefit analysis that's used when you're faced with choices such as selecting which products to make if there's a shortage of resources, or deciding whether to accept or reject a sales order. More generally, if the benefits of doing something will exceed the costs, the decision should be to go ahead and do it, but many benefits and costs are difficult to quantify. For example, we can all appreciate that working a few hours' overtime costs us some leisure time in order to earn some extra money. Harder to measure is the less tangible benefit of getting the job done balanced against the cost of, say, feeling more tired. Fortunately, the decision-making problems you will encounter in the P2 exam will focus on the variables that we can measure and analyse more easily. Let's consider how we can use contribution analysis to solve a problem concerning scarce resources, which is a scenario that's regularly examined. Obviously, for most companies in most situations, market demand will be the limiting factor on operations--businesses will do their utmost to ensure that they have the resources to make a sale. But what if there's an unavoidable short-term lack of, say, skilled labour or a particular component? The key concept here is that the most beneficial production plan will be made when we prioritise production in such a way that the contribution per unit of the scarce resource is maximised. Consider company X, which provides three different services, denominated as units of service for ease of analysis (see table 1, previous page). If labour hours are... To continue reading Request your trial
This is an old revision of the document! PHP RFC: Allow a trailing comma in function calls Allowing a trailing comma in function calls will make it more convenient to append arguments in many contexts where it is common to call a function with lots of arguments; especially variadic functions. A trailing comma has been allowed in array syntax since forever-ever, and in grouped namespace syntax since PHP 7.2. # Currently possible use Foo\Bar\{ $foo = [ Allowing a trailing comma makes sense in these contexts as new values get appended frequently. There is another context wherein appending more values frequently happens: calling a variadic function. Frequent Context Examples A trailing comma in function calls make it crazy convient to invoke any function that takes variable arguments (i.e. using the splat operator ... or func_get_args().) Unsetting variables It is extremely common to send a list of two or more arguments to unset() to unset variables. Sending variables to a template engine Another extremely common practice is to send a list of variables to a tempalte engine concisely using compact(). echo $twig->render( Merging arrays Invoking array_merge() is another great example of how a trailing comma makes values easier to append. $newArray = array_merge( ['foo', 'bar'], Debugging all the things When you're quickly debugging with var_dump(), it's nice to not have to worry about removing that dangling comma in order for your script to run. i18n & l10n Internationalization & localization often makes use of variadic functions such as sprintf() that usually expand and contract over time. $en = 'A trailing %s makes %s a happy developer.'; $text = sprintf( And so on... This list of examples is not meant to be exhaustive, but you can see how allowing a trailing comma in function calls fits well within the existing trailing comma contexts (arrays & grouped namespaces). Method & closure calls too Method calls also adopt trailing comma functionality. class Foo public function __construct(...$args) { public function bar(...$args) { public function __invoke(...$args) { $foo = new Foo( And closures too. $bar = function(...$args) { "Not really a function" functions as well There are two language constructs that look like functions but aren't that will also allow a trailing comma: unset() (as mentioned before) and isset(). unset($foo, $bar,); var_dump(isset($foo, $bar,)); Wait, didn't we just vote on this? Backward Incompatible Changes Proposed PHP Version(s) PHP 7.3 What's not allowed Function declaration syntax will not change. This RFC targets function call syntax only. # Parse error function bar($a, $b,) { Free-standing commas are not allowed. # Parse error Multiple trailing commas & leading commas are not allowed. # Parse error foo('function', 'bar',,); # Also parse error foo(, 'function', 'bar'); Other things that could look like functions like yield & list() will go untouched and no other list syntax will be affected. Proposed Voting Choices Requires a 2/3 or 50%+1 majority Patches and Tests This patch, sans the tests, is a trivial three-line change in the parser. See the diff on GitHub The trailing comma is thrown out at the parser level so there's no runtime computations wasted. After the project is implemented, this section should contain 1. the version(s) it was merged to 2. a link to the git commit(s) 3. a link to the PHP manual entry for the feature rfc/trailing-comma-function-calls.1507400562.txt.gz · Last modified: 2017/10/07 18:22 by sammyk
Best for small must for all Home city guide mehtab bagh in agra Mehtab Bagh in Agra Agra is famous for its mughal architecture. The Mughal sense of beauty and buildings are evident all round the city. The Taj Mahal gardens that were built by Mughals are also the splendid example of taste and sense of architecture at that time. Mehtab Bagh is one of such structures. Mehtab Bagh is typical Charbagh complex located in Agra. It is built at northern side of the Agra Fort and the Taj Mahal but on the other bank of Yamuna River, at the plains that are filled by floods during rainy season. The shape of whole garden complex is a square, and measures around 300x300 square meters which can be translated to approx 980 ft by 980 ft and is completely in sync with the Taj Mahal situated at the opposite side. During the monsoon, these grounds become partially flooded. Mehtab Bagh Agra Structure The Mughals built eleven gardens on the side of Yamuna River. Ram Bagh was the first and the Mehtab Bagh garden was the last of these. The emperor noted this crescent-shaped flood plain covered with grass around the Yamuna River and found it a great location to view the Taj Mahal from some distance. He then conceptualized it as a pleasure garden filled with moonlight and name it Mehtab Bagh. Fruit trees and flowers were planted while constructing walkways made of white plaster, fountains and pools, airy pavilions as an integral part of this garden. The design of the garden presents it as an inseparable portion of Taj Mahal and its surrounding complex in the pattern of riverfront terrace. Few of its proportions, such as its width was similar to that of the Taj Mahal. Mehtab Bagh came later in the possession of King of Amber, Raja Man Singh Kacchawa. He was also the owner of the land circumscribing Taj Mahal. Mehtab Bagh Plan and Architecture There are several inscriptions on the site of Mehtab Bagh that details the basic plan and architecture of the garden. According to these, the Bagh adjoined other gardens towards the west which were called Padshahi Chahar Bagh and the other one Padshahi Chahar Bagh Second respectively. There was a wall around the compound made of lime plaster, brick, and red sand-stone that surrounded the garden. The river wall measuring approx. 289 meters or 948 ft long is somewhat intact. There were towers having domes at the top which were built with red sand-stone and in octagonal shape using platforms as base. These towers were said to be situated in the corners. There is a 2 to 2.5 meters or 6 feet 7 inches to 8 feet 2 inches wide brick pathway surrounded the west side boundary around the grounds which covers the remaining boundary wall towards the west. Very close to the entrance of the garden is a small shrine of a Dalit on the side that faces river. There was a large pond in octagonal shape on the southern boundary that reflected the image and shadow of the Taj Mahal. On the eastern side there is a small central pond. Whole landscape was enriched with water channels and there were baradaris on eastern and western sides. There is an entry gate towards the northern side of the wall. The foundation parts of the basic structures remained just close to the northern and southern directions of the huge pond which most probably were constructed as the garden pavilions. There may have one stepped waterfall arising from northern structure that was used to feed the main pool. The garden towards the north had the typical classic cross-axial, square plan having a square shaped pool in the centre. Towards the west, there was an aqueduct that supplied water to the garden. Presently, however, of the four sandstone towers that marked the four corners of the garden, only the tower on the south-east side remains. The garden was ruined by frequent floods. Most of the damaged part was taken by villagers to use as building materials. The structures that remained within the garden were in very bad state. By 1990 and later, the garden became a massive mound of mud, covered with alluvial sill and wild vegetation and its existence remain forgotten. Inside Mehtab Bagh The Bagh was restored after the survey by ASI that set path-breaking standards in the field of research of Mughal Gardens. This included the study of historical documentation, a survey of various surfaces, archaeological excavation techniques, paleo-botanical evaluations and coordination of requirements with various ministries related to tourism, culture and planning. Restoration started in the 1990s, with the help of Americans and during this fencing of barbed wire was added surrounding the Mehtab Bagh. ASI insisted on planting those plants and trees that were planted by Mughals in their gardens so as to restore the garden's original ambience. The landscape artists studied other gardens and inscriptions and planned the types of plants, trees and herbage that match the famous age old Mughal gardens, trying to replicate the gardens built at riverside that were brought through Central Asia to India in the Shalimar Bagh of Kashmir. Around 81 plants that were planted by Mughals in the horticulture of their gardens were adopted which included Kaner, Hibiscus, Guava, Maulshri, Citrus fruits, Bauhinia, Asoka, Jamun and Neem. The herbs were placed in such manner that the short trees were followed by tall trees, shrubs and then in the last flowering plants were planted. Some plants produce a bright and colorful flower that shines in the moonlit garden. The park was reinstated to its original aura and grandeur and now it is a popular site to admire the Taj. Mehtab Bagh in Agra Mehtab Bagh Timings: The Bagh is open from morning to sunset time in evening. The entry fee for Citizens of India and visitors of SAARC and BIMSTEC countries is Rs 5 per head while for others; it is US$ 2 or Rs 100 per head. Entry is free for children under 15 years. How to Reach Mehtab Bagh To reach here, start from station road to the east side and take the first left to the station road. Here after 130 m, turn right and passing through 1st round about drive for another 160 m. Then turn left towards SH 39 follow it towards right side for around 1.5 km, passing Hari Om Tandoorwala on the left. Then turn left at Namner Cross while staying on SH 39. After another 2.5 km, turn left from Goyal Trading Company towards Yamuna Kinara Road and continue on NH 3/ SH 39 while passing M/S Shanti Traders on the left. Drive for 1 km then turns right on SH 39 and then turn on Strand Road. Continue on this road for other 600 meters then turn right and drive 1 km. Again turn right and drive straight for 1.1 km to reach Mehtab Bagh situated at Nagla Devjit in Agra. Explore more about Taj Mahal

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