texts
stringlengths 57
72.4k
| questions
stringlengths 4
60
| answers
dict |
|---|---|---|
Capitaine René Doumer (October 31, 1887 – April 26, 1917) was a French World War I flying ace credited with seven confirmed aerial victories and four unconfirmed combat claims.
Biography
Born on October 31, 1887, René Doumer was one of the eight children of Paul Doumer (President of France 1931–1932) and Blanche Doumer (née Richel). He was a professional lieutenant when World War I began, having been a chasseur since 1908. He was seriously wounded on 17 September 1914 in circumstances that won him the Legion d'Honneur. After recovery, he transferred to aviation. His first assignment was to fly a Caudron for Escadrille 64. He scored his first two victories with this unit, on 19 and 30 March 1916. He transferred to a Nieuport fighter unit next, Escadrille 76. He would rack up five more wins between 23 October 1916 and 28 March 1917. He would also succeed to command of Escadrille 76. He was killed by Erich Hahn on 26 April 1917.
List of aerial victories
See also Aerial victory standards of World War I
Sources of information
References
Nieuport Aces of World War 1. Norman Franks. Osprey Publishing, 2000. ISBN 1-85532-961-1, ISBN 978-1-85532-961-4.
Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank (1993). Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918 London, UK: Grub Street Publishing. ISBN 978-0-948817-54-0.
|
conflict
|
{
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"World War I"
]
}
|
Capitaine René Doumer (October 31, 1887 – April 26, 1917) was a French World War I flying ace credited with seven confirmed aerial victories and four unconfirmed combat claims.
Biography
Born on October 31, 1887, René Doumer was one of the eight children of Paul Doumer (President of France 1931–1932) and Blanche Doumer (née Richel). He was a professional lieutenant when World War I began, having been a chasseur since 1908. He was seriously wounded on 17 September 1914 in circumstances that won him the Legion d'Honneur. After recovery, he transferred to aviation. His first assignment was to fly a Caudron for Escadrille 64. He scored his first two victories with this unit, on 19 and 30 March 1916. He transferred to a Nieuport fighter unit next, Escadrille 76. He would rack up five more wins between 23 October 1916 and 28 March 1917. He would also succeed to command of Escadrille 76. He was killed by Erich Hahn on 26 April 1917.
List of aerial victories
See also Aerial victory standards of World War I
Sources of information
References
Nieuport Aces of World War 1. Norman Franks. Osprey Publishing, 2000. ISBN 1-85532-961-1, ISBN 978-1-85532-961-4.
Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank (1993). Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918 London, UK: Grub Street Publishing. ISBN 978-0-948817-54-0.
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"Doumer"
]
}
|
Capitaine René Doumer (October 31, 1887 – April 26, 1917) was a French World War I flying ace credited with seven confirmed aerial victories and four unconfirmed combat claims.
Biography
Born on October 31, 1887, René Doumer was one of the eight children of Paul Doumer (President of France 1931–1932) and Blanche Doumer (née Richel). He was a professional lieutenant when World War I began, having been a chasseur since 1908. He was seriously wounded on 17 September 1914 in circumstances that won him the Legion d'Honneur. After recovery, he transferred to aviation. His first assignment was to fly a Caudron for Escadrille 64. He scored his first two victories with this unit, on 19 and 30 March 1916. He transferred to a Nieuport fighter unit next, Escadrille 76. He would rack up five more wins between 23 October 1916 and 28 March 1917. He would also succeed to command of Escadrille 76. He was killed by Erich Hahn on 26 April 1917.
List of aerial victories
See also Aerial victory standards of World War I
Sources of information
References
Nieuport Aces of World War 1. Norman Franks. Osprey Publishing, 2000. ISBN 1-85532-961-1, ISBN 978-1-85532-961-4.
Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank (1993). Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918 London, UK: Grub Street Publishing. ISBN 978-0-948817-54-0.
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"René"
]
}
|
Capitaine René Doumer (October 31, 1887 – April 26, 1917) was a French World War I flying ace credited with seven confirmed aerial victories and four unconfirmed combat claims.
Biography
Born on October 31, 1887, René Doumer was one of the eight children of Paul Doumer (President of France 1931–1932) and Blanche Doumer (née Richel). He was a professional lieutenant when World War I began, having been a chasseur since 1908. He was seriously wounded on 17 September 1914 in circumstances that won him the Legion d'Honneur. After recovery, he transferred to aviation. His first assignment was to fly a Caudron for Escadrille 64. He scored his first two victories with this unit, on 19 and 30 March 1916. He transferred to a Nieuport fighter unit next, Escadrille 76. He would rack up five more wins between 23 October 1916 and 28 March 1917. He would also succeed to command of Escadrille 76. He was killed by Erich Hahn on 26 April 1917.
List of aerial victories
See also Aerial victory standards of World War I
Sources of information
References
Nieuport Aces of World War 1. Norman Franks. Osprey Publishing, 2000. ISBN 1-85532-961-1, ISBN 978-1-85532-961-4.
Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank (1993). Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918 London, UK: Grub Street Publishing. ISBN 978-0-948817-54-0.
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"French"
]
}
|
The ATP International Series (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP World Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally as part of the ATP Tour from 2000 to 2008.
The series was renamed ATP Tour 250 in 2009. International Series offered players cash prizes (tournaments have purses from $416,000 to $1,000,000) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. They generally offered less prize money and fewer points than the ATP International Series Gold, but more than tournaments on the ATP Challenger Series.
Tournaments
The locations and titles of these tournaments were subject to change every year. The tournaments – in calendar order – in 2008 were:
Singles champions
ATP International Series
Doubles champions
ATP International Series
See also
ATP International Series Gold
List of tennis tournaments
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) official website
|
subclass of
|
{
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"tennis tour"
]
}
|
The ATP International Series (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP World Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally as part of the ATP Tour from 2000 to 2008.
The series was renamed ATP Tour 250 in 2009. International Series offered players cash prizes (tournaments have purses from $416,000 to $1,000,000) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. They generally offered less prize money and fewer points than the ATP International Series Gold, but more than tournaments on the ATP Challenger Series.
Tournaments
The locations and titles of these tournaments were subject to change every year. The tournaments – in calendar order – in 2008 were:
Singles champions
ATP International Series
Doubles champions
ATP International Series
See also
ATP International Series Gold
List of tennis tournaments
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) official website
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"tennis"
]
}
|
The ATP International Series (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP World Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally as part of the ATP Tour from 2000 to 2008.
The series was renamed ATP Tour 250 in 2009. International Series offered players cash prizes (tournaments have purses from $416,000 to $1,000,000) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. They generally offered less prize money and fewer points than the ATP International Series Gold, but more than tournaments on the ATP Challenger Series.
Tournaments
The locations and titles of these tournaments were subject to change every year. The tournaments – in calendar order – in 2008 were:
Singles champions
ATP International Series
Doubles champions
ATP International Series
See also
ATP International Series Gold
List of tennis tournaments
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) official website
|
replaces
|
{
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"ATP World Series"
]
}
|
Baeckea trapeza is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a shrub with lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and white flowers with eight to eleven stamens.
Description
Baeckea trapeza is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and has grey, scaly bark. The leaves are lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 3.0–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long and 0.6–1.2 mm (0.024–0.047 in) long on a petiole about 0.4 mm (0.016 in) long. The flowers are up to 5.5 mm (0.22 in) wide on a pedicel 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long with linear bracteoles 1.3–2.0 mm (0.051–0.079 in) long but that fall as the flowers open. The five sepals are 0.4–1 mm (0.016–0.039 in) long and more or less round and the petals are 1.4–1.8 mm (0.055–0.071 in) long. There are eight to eleven stamens opposite the sepals and the style is about 0.7 mm (0.028 in) long. Flowering has been observed in January and April and the fruit is conical to bell-shaped capsule 2.5–3.0 mm (0.098–0.118 in) in long and 2.2–2.5 mm (0.087–0.098 in) wide.
Taxonomy
Baeckea trapeza was first formally described in 1997 by Anthony Bean in the journal Telopea from specimens he collected on the Blackdown Tableland in 1996. The specific epithet (trapeza) means "a table", referring to the distribution of the species on the Blackdown Tableland.
Distribution and habitat
This baeckea grows in open forest at altitudes between 700 and 800 m (2,300 and 2,600 ft) and is confined to the Blackdown Tableland in Queensland.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Baeckea trapeza is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a shrub with lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and white flowers with eight to eleven stamens.
Description
Baeckea trapeza is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and has grey, scaly bark. The leaves are lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 3.0–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long and 0.6–1.2 mm (0.024–0.047 in) long on a petiole about 0.4 mm (0.016 in) long. The flowers are up to 5.5 mm (0.22 in) wide on a pedicel 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long with linear bracteoles 1.3–2.0 mm (0.051–0.079 in) long but that fall as the flowers open. The five sepals are 0.4–1 mm (0.016–0.039 in) long and more or less round and the petals are 1.4–1.8 mm (0.055–0.071 in) long. There are eight to eleven stamens opposite the sepals and the style is about 0.7 mm (0.028 in) long. Flowering has been observed in January and April and the fruit is conical to bell-shaped capsule 2.5–3.0 mm (0.098–0.118 in) in long and 2.2–2.5 mm (0.087–0.098 in) wide.
Taxonomy
Baeckea trapeza was first formally described in 1997 by Anthony Bean in the journal Telopea from specimens he collected on the Blackdown Tableland in 1996. The specific epithet (trapeza) means "a table", referring to the distribution of the species on the Blackdown Tableland.
Distribution and habitat
This baeckea grows in open forest at altitudes between 700 and 800 m (2,300 and 2,600 ft) and is confined to the Blackdown Tableland in Queensland.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Baeckea"
]
}
|
Baeckea trapeza is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a shrub with lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and white flowers with eight to eleven stamens.
Description
Baeckea trapeza is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and has grey, scaly bark. The leaves are lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 3.0–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long and 0.6–1.2 mm (0.024–0.047 in) long on a petiole about 0.4 mm (0.016 in) long. The flowers are up to 5.5 mm (0.22 in) wide on a pedicel 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long with linear bracteoles 1.3–2.0 mm (0.051–0.079 in) long but that fall as the flowers open. The five sepals are 0.4–1 mm (0.016–0.039 in) long and more or less round and the petals are 1.4–1.8 mm (0.055–0.071 in) long. There are eight to eleven stamens opposite the sepals and the style is about 0.7 mm (0.028 in) long. Flowering has been observed in January and April and the fruit is conical to bell-shaped capsule 2.5–3.0 mm (0.098–0.118 in) in long and 2.2–2.5 mm (0.087–0.098 in) wide.
Taxonomy
Baeckea trapeza was first formally described in 1997 by Anthony Bean in the journal Telopea from specimens he collected on the Blackdown Tableland in 1996. The specific epithet (trapeza) means "a table", referring to the distribution of the species on the Blackdown Tableland.
Distribution and habitat
This baeckea grows in open forest at altitudes between 700 and 800 m (2,300 and 2,600 ft) and is confined to the Blackdown Tableland in Queensland.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Baeckea trapeza"
]
}
|
Fabulation, or the Re-Education of Undine is a play written by Lynn Nottage.
Production history
Fabulation, or the Re-Education of Undine premiered Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons, running from June 3, 2004 (previews) June 13 (official) through July 11. Directed by Kate Whoriskey, the cast featured Charlayne Woodard as Undine.In regional productions, the Center Stage, Baltimore, Maryland production ran from January 28 through March 8, 2009. Directed by Jackson Gay, the cast featured Natalie Venetia Belcon as Undine.The play received its London premiere at the Tricycle Theatre in February 2006. Directed by Indhu Rubasingham, Jenny Jules starred in the role of Undine.A revival of the play began performances at Signature Theatre on November 19, 2018.
Plot
Undine is a successful African-American publicist living in Manhattan. When her husband takes her money, she is forced to return to her former life in Brooklyn, and to deal with her working-class relatives.
Critical response
Ben Brantley, reviewing for The New York Times, wrote: "But while Fabulation may follow a much-traveled route to a guaranteed destination, the view along the way is far less predictable. In charting the social fall and moral rise of Undine Barnes Calles, nee Sharona Watkins, Fabulation subverts its comic and sentimental glibness with punchy social insights and the firecracker snap of unexpected humor."The Curtain Up reviewer wrote: "Like [Edith] Wharton, Nottage casts a satirical eye on the large cast of characters, regardless of class or race. Unlike the more serious Wharton, [she] has created a generally hilarious scenario for Undine's nightmarish comeuppance and inevitable redemption as a likeable, lovable, loving member of the human race...The script has other credibility stretching holes—chief of them being her giving Hervé, the sexy Latin husband (Robert Montano) who tangoed his way into her heart and hearth, full access to all her money and becoming romantically involved with Guy, an ex-addict who's served time in jail."The dramaturg for the Center Stage production, Faedra Chatard Carpenter (Assistant Professor, University of Maryland, College Park) noted: "...it not only becomes clear that Lynn Nottage is one of the modern masters of fabulation, but that her Undine story is paradigmatic of the form. Guided by a moral precept, Nottage’s play takes us on an unforgettable and layered journey of an all-too-human protagonist. Moreover, in taking the humor of her work seriously, our fabulous fabulator gives birth to an assortment of characters in a series of spectacular circumstances, gently reminding us all to laugh—and breathe—through the pain."
Awards and nominations
2005 Obie Awards
Playwrighting - Lynn Nottage
References
External links
Off-Broadway database listing
|
author
|
{
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"Lynn Nottage"
]
}
|
Fabulation, or the Re-Education of Undine is a play written by Lynn Nottage.
Production history
Fabulation, or the Re-Education of Undine premiered Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons, running from June 3, 2004 (previews) June 13 (official) through July 11. Directed by Kate Whoriskey, the cast featured Charlayne Woodard as Undine.In regional productions, the Center Stage, Baltimore, Maryland production ran from January 28 through March 8, 2009. Directed by Jackson Gay, the cast featured Natalie Venetia Belcon as Undine.The play received its London premiere at the Tricycle Theatre in February 2006. Directed by Indhu Rubasingham, Jenny Jules starred in the role of Undine.A revival of the play began performances at Signature Theatre on November 19, 2018.
Plot
Undine is a successful African-American publicist living in Manhattan. When her husband takes her money, she is forced to return to her former life in Brooklyn, and to deal with her working-class relatives.
Critical response
Ben Brantley, reviewing for The New York Times, wrote: "But while Fabulation may follow a much-traveled route to a guaranteed destination, the view along the way is far less predictable. In charting the social fall and moral rise of Undine Barnes Calles, nee Sharona Watkins, Fabulation subverts its comic and sentimental glibness with punchy social insights and the firecracker snap of unexpected humor."The Curtain Up reviewer wrote: "Like [Edith] Wharton, Nottage casts a satirical eye on the large cast of characters, regardless of class or race. Unlike the more serious Wharton, [she] has created a generally hilarious scenario for Undine's nightmarish comeuppance and inevitable redemption as a likeable, lovable, loving member of the human race...The script has other credibility stretching holes—chief of them being her giving Hervé, the sexy Latin husband (Robert Montano) who tangoed his way into her heart and hearth, full access to all her money and becoming romantically involved with Guy, an ex-addict who's served time in jail."The dramaturg for the Center Stage production, Faedra Chatard Carpenter (Assistant Professor, University of Maryland, College Park) noted: "...it not only becomes clear that Lynn Nottage is one of the modern masters of fabulation, but that her Undine story is paradigmatic of the form. Guided by a moral precept, Nottage’s play takes us on an unforgettable and layered journey of an all-too-human protagonist. Moreover, in taking the humor of her work seriously, our fabulous fabulator gives birth to an assortment of characters in a series of spectacular circumstances, gently reminding us all to laugh—and breathe—through the pain."
Awards and nominations
2005 Obie Awards
Playwrighting - Lynn Nottage
References
External links
Off-Broadway database listing
|
form of creative work
|
{
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"play"
]
}
|
Lone Star College–University Park is one of two university centers in the Lone Star College System located in unincorporated Harris County, Texas.
The campus serves northwest Harris County. The center opened its doors in January 2010 with limited degree programs and courses offered by the University of Houston and the University of Houston–Downtown, both of which are separate and distinct degree-granting institutions. The campus includes a conference center, which will be used for Lone Star Corporate College training and community meetings; a 900-seat, fully equipped cafeteria; and a fitness center.Lone Star had purchased the facility from Hewlett Packard in 2010. In August 2011 Lone Star College announced that it was demolishing two former HP buildings on the campus, at the intersection of Texas State Highway 249 and Louetta Road. The agency said that it would use implosion rather than traditional wrecking ball demolition. The implosion occurred on September 18, 2011, and the land formerly occupied by the buildings will be used as green space.In 2018, the University Park campus opened its new $15.4 million Center for Science & Innovation. It was officially dedicated on May 2, 2018. The building is a three-story, 50,000 square feet with 12 science labs, and indoor 3D geology teaching wall, and third floor observation deck, and a "Science HotSpot" Learning Commons.In 2018, the campus began work on a new $23.7 million building for the performing and visual arts, to be opened in 2019.
References
External links
Lone Star College–University Park
Lone Star College System
"Going ... going .... green space." Houston Chronicle.
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"Harris County"
]
}
|
Great Mosque of Banten (Indonesian: Masjid Agung Banten) is a historic mosque in Old Banten, 10 km north of Serang, Indonesia. The 16th-century mosque was one of the few surviving remnants of what used to be the port city of Banten, the most prosperous trading center in the Indonesian archipelago after the fall of Demak Sultanate in mid-16th century.
History
The Great Mosque of Banten shows eclectic design, a proof of the international influence in Banten at the time of its construction in 1552. The mosque was constructed in Javanese style during the reign of Sultan Maulana Yusuf, the third Sultan of Banten Sultanate, in Dzulhijjah AH 966 (1566 CE).A Javanese-styled pawestren (side hall, used for female's praying hall) was added during the reign of Maulana Muhammad (1580-1586). The southern serambi (porch) of the mosque was converted into a tomb containing about 15 graves.In 1632, a 24-meter minaret was added to the mosque complex. The minaret was designed by a Chineseman Cek-ban-cut. Around similar period the Dutch-styled tiyamah was added to the mosque following the design of Hendrik Lucaasz Cardeel, a Dutchman who was converted to Islam.The design elements of the Great Mosque of Banten have religious and cultural influences from Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, the Chinese and the Dutch. These cultures have imposed their values and styles on the architecture of the Great Mosque of Banten, but have also blended well with the Javanese culture of Indonesia. For example, there is a blend of Hindu and Javanese architectural elements that consist of Dutch brick construction. Cardeel incorporated early European Baroque architectural features in his design of the mosque, which can mainly be seen in the minaret, tiyamah building, and mosque wall. This has set the Great Mosque of Banten apart from other traditional mosques in Indonesia, as there is a medley of different cultures embedded in its architectural design and elements.
Architecture
Overall structure
The overall structure of the mosque is often considered to have made reference to the human body according to concepts related to the human body in traditional Javanese culture. According to the concept, the building can be divided up into three parts: the head, the body, and the foot. Respectively, the roof of the Great Mosque of Banten represents the head, the wall represents the body and the stumps represent the feet.The roof of the mosque was built in joglo style, a traditional Javanese roof style. It consists of tiered levels, which represents different characteristics of the Islamic faith. The tiered levels of the roof, in order of bottom to top, represent: all Muslims, the Faithful, the Benefactor, the Sincere, and the Cautious. The roof is of a triangular style, with the tip of the roof representing the creator, Allah, at the higher point of the Islamic faith. This triangular style is similar to the form of a bamboo shoot. This follows the traditional pyramidal roof style of the typical Javanese mosque.The body of the mosque consists of 24 columns (tiang soko) that are octagonal in shape and are placed in the middle of the mosque in order to support the roof. There are four main columns and 20 support ones, following typical Javanese culture. Each column has a pumpkin-like shape and a lotus flower design at the top and bottom. This lotus design symbolizes the presence and rise of Islam in Indonesia and is also a symbol of strength for converted Muslims as they engage in a new lifestyle. The pumpkin shape is significant due to its importance as a food source during Indonesia's dry season. The circular shape of the column comes from Buddhism influence, as it represents the balance of forces from different directions and focus of energy in the mosque. The existence of this is analogous to the different influences of Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism working together in the architectural style of the Great Mosque of Banten.The feet (umpak) of the mosque supports the 24 columns and symbolizes the connection between the ground and Allah. As such, the umpak of the mosque acts as the foundation, bringing the mosque to life by holding it up.
Layout
Being a port town, the Great Mosque of Banten features eclectic elements, which appear in the overall enclosed space of the mosque, the minaret, and the tiyamah building. The minaret is a popular icon of the Great Mosque of Banten. It is a 24 meter high, brick minaret, with a 10 meter in diameter octagonal base. The shape is reminiscent of a lighthouse. The architecture features a mix of Indian Mughal pattern and ancient candi decoration.Beside the mosque is a two-floored building built in the 17th-century Dutch style. This building, known as the tiyamah, was erected at the order of Sultan Haji of Banten and designed by a Dutchman, Hendrik Lucaasz Cardeel. Cardeel converted to Islam, became a member of the Banten court with the title Pangeran Wiraguna, and designed this building which now stands on the southwest side of the Great Mosque. It is still used as a center for Islamic study. The tiyamah building is where social gatherings are held, and it is the only traditional mosque in Indonesia that has such building next to it. The tiyamah building was built to accommodate the tropical climate of Indonesia, which is seen through the open-floor plan with maximum ventilation and lighting and through features that protect the building such as a roof with acute angles to handle heavy rain. Construction materials included wood, bricks, and tiles. Windows and doors have a symmetrical design of horizontal and vertical lines.Also included in the Great Mosque of Banten is a women's prayer room, called a pewastren, and several tombs in the mosque complex, such as the tomb of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin and his wife, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, and that of Sultan Abu Nasir Abdul Qohhar. Because these were included in the layout of the mosque, the mosque's 24 columns were not located in the centre of the room, like they traditionally are. Unlike most of the traditional mosques that have a square base, the Great Mosque of Banten is built in a rectangular base. This is primarily because of the inclusion of the pewastren and the tombs.
Exterior
In a typical architecture of Javanese mosque, the Great Mosque of Banten consists of the main prayer hall and a covered veranda (serambi). The serambi is a semi-attached porch-like structure which provides entrance to the main prayer hall. The main prayer features a five-tiered roof supported by four main posts (saka guru). The three uppermost tier is arranged rather uniquely, appearing more like a Chinese pagoda than the regular multi-tiered roof of Javanese architecture. There is a dispute over the original number of the tiers of the main prayer hall; sketches of the city in 1596, 1624, 1661 and 1726 shows the number of the tier as not more than three tiers, while Valentijn (1858) mentioned the number of the tier is five as it is today. The covered verandas were added to the main mosque building, built in the north and south side of the mosque.
Interior
The interior of the Great Mosque of Banten is not very decorative or intricate as there is no calligraphy or ornamental art forms. The only decorative elements can be found in the air ventilation openings, where there are geometrical patterns. This minimalist style of interior design is similar to that of the Pecinan Tinggi Mosque, a mosque for the Chinese community of Indonesia.There is large Buddhist influence in the column stumps of the mosque. The circular shape and form of the detailed lotus motif at the top and bottom of each column comes from a Chinese cultural approach, which has Buddhist influence. This round circular shape brings balance to the mosque, as it represents balance of all forces and strength. Additionally, it has been found that this detailed lotus motif is compatible with the Buddhist mediation layers, known as the sixty levels. This compatibility is seen through the columns being the focal point of prayers that occur in the mosque, their energy traveling up the columns to the highest point of the mosque.
Sociocultural activities in the Mosque Complex
There are three main areas of the Great Mosque of Banten complex: the Great Mosque, the tiyamah building, and the cemetery area. The tiyamah building served as a space for social gatherings while the cemetery remained a cultural tradition that housed the graves of royalty. The cemetery had the most influence on the social and cultural activities that occur within the Mosque complex. Many visitors of the Great Mosque complex were there with the intention of visiting the tombs and graves of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin and his family members. This influenced the type of traditional activities that were carried out in the area.
The Great Mosque of Banten was initially built to function as a location for Muslims to fulfill their religious needs and perform religious activities. Concurring with the needs for more to learn about Islam, Indonesia also had a rising Muslim-convert population. The variety and coexistence of architectural forms that reference cultural exchanges with other religious including Buddhism and Hinduism seen in the Great Mosque of Banten are meant to symbolize this convergence.
See also
List of mosques in Indonesia
References
== Works cited ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"Indonesia"
]
}
|
Great Mosque of Banten (Indonesian: Masjid Agung Banten) is a historic mosque in Old Banten, 10 km north of Serang, Indonesia. The 16th-century mosque was one of the few surviving remnants of what used to be the port city of Banten, the most prosperous trading center in the Indonesian archipelago after the fall of Demak Sultanate in mid-16th century.
History
The Great Mosque of Banten shows eclectic design, a proof of the international influence in Banten at the time of its construction in 1552. The mosque was constructed in Javanese style during the reign of Sultan Maulana Yusuf, the third Sultan of Banten Sultanate, in Dzulhijjah AH 966 (1566 CE).A Javanese-styled pawestren (side hall, used for female's praying hall) was added during the reign of Maulana Muhammad (1580-1586). The southern serambi (porch) of the mosque was converted into a tomb containing about 15 graves.In 1632, a 24-meter minaret was added to the mosque complex. The minaret was designed by a Chineseman Cek-ban-cut. Around similar period the Dutch-styled tiyamah was added to the mosque following the design of Hendrik Lucaasz Cardeel, a Dutchman who was converted to Islam.The design elements of the Great Mosque of Banten have religious and cultural influences from Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, the Chinese and the Dutch. These cultures have imposed their values and styles on the architecture of the Great Mosque of Banten, but have also blended well with the Javanese culture of Indonesia. For example, there is a blend of Hindu and Javanese architectural elements that consist of Dutch brick construction. Cardeel incorporated early European Baroque architectural features in his design of the mosque, which can mainly be seen in the minaret, tiyamah building, and mosque wall. This has set the Great Mosque of Banten apart from other traditional mosques in Indonesia, as there is a medley of different cultures embedded in its architectural design and elements.
Architecture
Overall structure
The overall structure of the mosque is often considered to have made reference to the human body according to concepts related to the human body in traditional Javanese culture. According to the concept, the building can be divided up into three parts: the head, the body, and the foot. Respectively, the roof of the Great Mosque of Banten represents the head, the wall represents the body and the stumps represent the feet.The roof of the mosque was built in joglo style, a traditional Javanese roof style. It consists of tiered levels, which represents different characteristics of the Islamic faith. The tiered levels of the roof, in order of bottom to top, represent: all Muslims, the Faithful, the Benefactor, the Sincere, and the Cautious. The roof is of a triangular style, with the tip of the roof representing the creator, Allah, at the higher point of the Islamic faith. This triangular style is similar to the form of a bamboo shoot. This follows the traditional pyramidal roof style of the typical Javanese mosque.The body of the mosque consists of 24 columns (tiang soko) that are octagonal in shape and are placed in the middle of the mosque in order to support the roof. There are four main columns and 20 support ones, following typical Javanese culture. Each column has a pumpkin-like shape and a lotus flower design at the top and bottom. This lotus design symbolizes the presence and rise of Islam in Indonesia and is also a symbol of strength for converted Muslims as they engage in a new lifestyle. The pumpkin shape is significant due to its importance as a food source during Indonesia's dry season. The circular shape of the column comes from Buddhism influence, as it represents the balance of forces from different directions and focus of energy in the mosque. The existence of this is analogous to the different influences of Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism working together in the architectural style of the Great Mosque of Banten.The feet (umpak) of the mosque supports the 24 columns and symbolizes the connection between the ground and Allah. As such, the umpak of the mosque acts as the foundation, bringing the mosque to life by holding it up.
Layout
Being a port town, the Great Mosque of Banten features eclectic elements, which appear in the overall enclosed space of the mosque, the minaret, and the tiyamah building. The minaret is a popular icon of the Great Mosque of Banten. It is a 24 meter high, brick minaret, with a 10 meter in diameter octagonal base. The shape is reminiscent of a lighthouse. The architecture features a mix of Indian Mughal pattern and ancient candi decoration.Beside the mosque is a two-floored building built in the 17th-century Dutch style. This building, known as the tiyamah, was erected at the order of Sultan Haji of Banten and designed by a Dutchman, Hendrik Lucaasz Cardeel. Cardeel converted to Islam, became a member of the Banten court with the title Pangeran Wiraguna, and designed this building which now stands on the southwest side of the Great Mosque. It is still used as a center for Islamic study. The tiyamah building is where social gatherings are held, and it is the only traditional mosque in Indonesia that has such building next to it. The tiyamah building was built to accommodate the tropical climate of Indonesia, which is seen through the open-floor plan with maximum ventilation and lighting and through features that protect the building such as a roof with acute angles to handle heavy rain. Construction materials included wood, bricks, and tiles. Windows and doors have a symmetrical design of horizontal and vertical lines.Also included in the Great Mosque of Banten is a women's prayer room, called a pewastren, and several tombs in the mosque complex, such as the tomb of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin and his wife, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, and that of Sultan Abu Nasir Abdul Qohhar. Because these were included in the layout of the mosque, the mosque's 24 columns were not located in the centre of the room, like they traditionally are. Unlike most of the traditional mosques that have a square base, the Great Mosque of Banten is built in a rectangular base. This is primarily because of the inclusion of the pewastren and the tombs.
Exterior
In a typical architecture of Javanese mosque, the Great Mosque of Banten consists of the main prayer hall and a covered veranda (serambi). The serambi is a semi-attached porch-like structure which provides entrance to the main prayer hall. The main prayer features a five-tiered roof supported by four main posts (saka guru). The three uppermost tier is arranged rather uniquely, appearing more like a Chinese pagoda than the regular multi-tiered roof of Javanese architecture. There is a dispute over the original number of the tiers of the main prayer hall; sketches of the city in 1596, 1624, 1661 and 1726 shows the number of the tier as not more than three tiers, while Valentijn (1858) mentioned the number of the tier is five as it is today. The covered verandas were added to the main mosque building, built in the north and south side of the mosque.
Interior
The interior of the Great Mosque of Banten is not very decorative or intricate as there is no calligraphy or ornamental art forms. The only decorative elements can be found in the air ventilation openings, where there are geometrical patterns. This minimalist style of interior design is similar to that of the Pecinan Tinggi Mosque, a mosque for the Chinese community of Indonesia.There is large Buddhist influence in the column stumps of the mosque. The circular shape and form of the detailed lotus motif at the top and bottom of each column comes from a Chinese cultural approach, which has Buddhist influence. This round circular shape brings balance to the mosque, as it represents balance of all forces and strength. Additionally, it has been found that this detailed lotus motif is compatible with the Buddhist mediation layers, known as the sixty levels. This compatibility is seen through the columns being the focal point of prayers that occur in the mosque, their energy traveling up the columns to the highest point of the mosque.
Sociocultural activities in the Mosque Complex
There are three main areas of the Great Mosque of Banten complex: the Great Mosque, the tiyamah building, and the cemetery area. The tiyamah building served as a space for social gatherings while the cemetery remained a cultural tradition that housed the graves of royalty. The cemetery had the most influence on the social and cultural activities that occur within the Mosque complex. Many visitors of the Great Mosque complex were there with the intention of visiting the tombs and graves of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin and his family members. This influenced the type of traditional activities that were carried out in the area.
The Great Mosque of Banten was initially built to function as a location for Muslims to fulfill their religious needs and perform religious activities. Concurring with the needs for more to learn about Islam, Indonesia also had a rising Muslim-convert population. The variety and coexistence of architectural forms that reference cultural exchanges with other religious including Buddhism and Hinduism seen in the Great Mosque of Banten are meant to symbolize this convergence.
See also
List of mosques in Indonesia
References
== Works cited ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"mosque"
]
}
|
Great Mosque of Banten (Indonesian: Masjid Agung Banten) is a historic mosque in Old Banten, 10 km north of Serang, Indonesia. The 16th-century mosque was one of the few surviving remnants of what used to be the port city of Banten, the most prosperous trading center in the Indonesian archipelago after the fall of Demak Sultanate in mid-16th century.
History
The Great Mosque of Banten shows eclectic design, a proof of the international influence in Banten at the time of its construction in 1552. The mosque was constructed in Javanese style during the reign of Sultan Maulana Yusuf, the third Sultan of Banten Sultanate, in Dzulhijjah AH 966 (1566 CE).A Javanese-styled pawestren (side hall, used for female's praying hall) was added during the reign of Maulana Muhammad (1580-1586). The southern serambi (porch) of the mosque was converted into a tomb containing about 15 graves.In 1632, a 24-meter minaret was added to the mosque complex. The minaret was designed by a Chineseman Cek-ban-cut. Around similar period the Dutch-styled tiyamah was added to the mosque following the design of Hendrik Lucaasz Cardeel, a Dutchman who was converted to Islam.The design elements of the Great Mosque of Banten have religious and cultural influences from Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, the Chinese and the Dutch. These cultures have imposed their values and styles on the architecture of the Great Mosque of Banten, but have also blended well with the Javanese culture of Indonesia. For example, there is a blend of Hindu and Javanese architectural elements that consist of Dutch brick construction. Cardeel incorporated early European Baroque architectural features in his design of the mosque, which can mainly be seen in the minaret, tiyamah building, and mosque wall. This has set the Great Mosque of Banten apart from other traditional mosques in Indonesia, as there is a medley of different cultures embedded in its architectural design and elements.
Architecture
Overall structure
The overall structure of the mosque is often considered to have made reference to the human body according to concepts related to the human body in traditional Javanese culture. According to the concept, the building can be divided up into three parts: the head, the body, and the foot. Respectively, the roof of the Great Mosque of Banten represents the head, the wall represents the body and the stumps represent the feet.The roof of the mosque was built in joglo style, a traditional Javanese roof style. It consists of tiered levels, which represents different characteristics of the Islamic faith. The tiered levels of the roof, in order of bottom to top, represent: all Muslims, the Faithful, the Benefactor, the Sincere, and the Cautious. The roof is of a triangular style, with the tip of the roof representing the creator, Allah, at the higher point of the Islamic faith. This triangular style is similar to the form of a bamboo shoot. This follows the traditional pyramidal roof style of the typical Javanese mosque.The body of the mosque consists of 24 columns (tiang soko) that are octagonal in shape and are placed in the middle of the mosque in order to support the roof. There are four main columns and 20 support ones, following typical Javanese culture. Each column has a pumpkin-like shape and a lotus flower design at the top and bottom. This lotus design symbolizes the presence and rise of Islam in Indonesia and is also a symbol of strength for converted Muslims as they engage in a new lifestyle. The pumpkin shape is significant due to its importance as a food source during Indonesia's dry season. The circular shape of the column comes from Buddhism influence, as it represents the balance of forces from different directions and focus of energy in the mosque. The existence of this is analogous to the different influences of Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism working together in the architectural style of the Great Mosque of Banten.The feet (umpak) of the mosque supports the 24 columns and symbolizes the connection between the ground and Allah. As such, the umpak of the mosque acts as the foundation, bringing the mosque to life by holding it up.
Layout
Being a port town, the Great Mosque of Banten features eclectic elements, which appear in the overall enclosed space of the mosque, the minaret, and the tiyamah building. The minaret is a popular icon of the Great Mosque of Banten. It is a 24 meter high, brick minaret, with a 10 meter in diameter octagonal base. The shape is reminiscent of a lighthouse. The architecture features a mix of Indian Mughal pattern and ancient candi decoration.Beside the mosque is a two-floored building built in the 17th-century Dutch style. This building, known as the tiyamah, was erected at the order of Sultan Haji of Banten and designed by a Dutchman, Hendrik Lucaasz Cardeel. Cardeel converted to Islam, became a member of the Banten court with the title Pangeran Wiraguna, and designed this building which now stands on the southwest side of the Great Mosque. It is still used as a center for Islamic study. The tiyamah building is where social gatherings are held, and it is the only traditional mosque in Indonesia that has such building next to it. The tiyamah building was built to accommodate the tropical climate of Indonesia, which is seen through the open-floor plan with maximum ventilation and lighting and through features that protect the building such as a roof with acute angles to handle heavy rain. Construction materials included wood, bricks, and tiles. Windows and doors have a symmetrical design of horizontal and vertical lines.Also included in the Great Mosque of Banten is a women's prayer room, called a pewastren, and several tombs in the mosque complex, such as the tomb of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin and his wife, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, and that of Sultan Abu Nasir Abdul Qohhar. Because these were included in the layout of the mosque, the mosque's 24 columns were not located in the centre of the room, like they traditionally are. Unlike most of the traditional mosques that have a square base, the Great Mosque of Banten is built in a rectangular base. This is primarily because of the inclusion of the pewastren and the tombs.
Exterior
In a typical architecture of Javanese mosque, the Great Mosque of Banten consists of the main prayer hall and a covered veranda (serambi). The serambi is a semi-attached porch-like structure which provides entrance to the main prayer hall. The main prayer features a five-tiered roof supported by four main posts (saka guru). The three uppermost tier is arranged rather uniquely, appearing more like a Chinese pagoda than the regular multi-tiered roof of Javanese architecture. There is a dispute over the original number of the tiers of the main prayer hall; sketches of the city in 1596, 1624, 1661 and 1726 shows the number of the tier as not more than three tiers, while Valentijn (1858) mentioned the number of the tier is five as it is today. The covered verandas were added to the main mosque building, built in the north and south side of the mosque.
Interior
The interior of the Great Mosque of Banten is not very decorative or intricate as there is no calligraphy or ornamental art forms. The only decorative elements can be found in the air ventilation openings, where there are geometrical patterns. This minimalist style of interior design is similar to that of the Pecinan Tinggi Mosque, a mosque for the Chinese community of Indonesia.There is large Buddhist influence in the column stumps of the mosque. The circular shape and form of the detailed lotus motif at the top and bottom of each column comes from a Chinese cultural approach, which has Buddhist influence. This round circular shape brings balance to the mosque, as it represents balance of all forces and strength. Additionally, it has been found that this detailed lotus motif is compatible with the Buddhist mediation layers, known as the sixty levels. This compatibility is seen through the columns being the focal point of prayers that occur in the mosque, their energy traveling up the columns to the highest point of the mosque.
Sociocultural activities in the Mosque Complex
There are three main areas of the Great Mosque of Banten complex: the Great Mosque, the tiyamah building, and the cemetery area. The tiyamah building served as a space for social gatherings while the cemetery remained a cultural tradition that housed the graves of royalty. The cemetery had the most influence on the social and cultural activities that occur within the Mosque complex. Many visitors of the Great Mosque complex were there with the intention of visiting the tombs and graves of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin and his family members. This influenced the type of traditional activities that were carried out in the area.
The Great Mosque of Banten was initially built to function as a location for Muslims to fulfill their religious needs and perform religious activities. Concurring with the needs for more to learn about Islam, Indonesia also had a rising Muslim-convert population. The variety and coexistence of architectural forms that reference cultural exchanges with other religious including Buddhism and Hinduism seen in the Great Mosque of Banten are meant to symbolize this convergence.
See also
List of mosques in Indonesia
References
== Works cited ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"Serang"
]
}
|
Great Mosque of Banten (Indonesian: Masjid Agung Banten) is a historic mosque in Old Banten, 10 km north of Serang, Indonesia. The 16th-century mosque was one of the few surviving remnants of what used to be the port city of Banten, the most prosperous trading center in the Indonesian archipelago after the fall of Demak Sultanate in mid-16th century.
History
The Great Mosque of Banten shows eclectic design, a proof of the international influence in Banten at the time of its construction in 1552. The mosque was constructed in Javanese style during the reign of Sultan Maulana Yusuf, the third Sultan of Banten Sultanate, in Dzulhijjah AH 966 (1566 CE).A Javanese-styled pawestren (side hall, used for female's praying hall) was added during the reign of Maulana Muhammad (1580-1586). The southern serambi (porch) of the mosque was converted into a tomb containing about 15 graves.In 1632, a 24-meter minaret was added to the mosque complex. The minaret was designed by a Chineseman Cek-ban-cut. Around similar period the Dutch-styled tiyamah was added to the mosque following the design of Hendrik Lucaasz Cardeel, a Dutchman who was converted to Islam.The design elements of the Great Mosque of Banten have religious and cultural influences from Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, the Chinese and the Dutch. These cultures have imposed their values and styles on the architecture of the Great Mosque of Banten, but have also blended well with the Javanese culture of Indonesia. For example, there is a blend of Hindu and Javanese architectural elements that consist of Dutch brick construction. Cardeel incorporated early European Baroque architectural features in his design of the mosque, which can mainly be seen in the minaret, tiyamah building, and mosque wall. This has set the Great Mosque of Banten apart from other traditional mosques in Indonesia, as there is a medley of different cultures embedded in its architectural design and elements.
Architecture
Overall structure
The overall structure of the mosque is often considered to have made reference to the human body according to concepts related to the human body in traditional Javanese culture. According to the concept, the building can be divided up into three parts: the head, the body, and the foot. Respectively, the roof of the Great Mosque of Banten represents the head, the wall represents the body and the stumps represent the feet.The roof of the mosque was built in joglo style, a traditional Javanese roof style. It consists of tiered levels, which represents different characteristics of the Islamic faith. The tiered levels of the roof, in order of bottom to top, represent: all Muslims, the Faithful, the Benefactor, the Sincere, and the Cautious. The roof is of a triangular style, with the tip of the roof representing the creator, Allah, at the higher point of the Islamic faith. This triangular style is similar to the form of a bamboo shoot. This follows the traditional pyramidal roof style of the typical Javanese mosque.The body of the mosque consists of 24 columns (tiang soko) that are octagonal in shape and are placed in the middle of the mosque in order to support the roof. There are four main columns and 20 support ones, following typical Javanese culture. Each column has a pumpkin-like shape and a lotus flower design at the top and bottom. This lotus design symbolizes the presence and rise of Islam in Indonesia and is also a symbol of strength for converted Muslims as they engage in a new lifestyle. The pumpkin shape is significant due to its importance as a food source during Indonesia's dry season. The circular shape of the column comes from Buddhism influence, as it represents the balance of forces from different directions and focus of energy in the mosque. The existence of this is analogous to the different influences of Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism working together in the architectural style of the Great Mosque of Banten.The feet (umpak) of the mosque supports the 24 columns and symbolizes the connection between the ground and Allah. As such, the umpak of the mosque acts as the foundation, bringing the mosque to life by holding it up.
Layout
Being a port town, the Great Mosque of Banten features eclectic elements, which appear in the overall enclosed space of the mosque, the minaret, and the tiyamah building. The minaret is a popular icon of the Great Mosque of Banten. It is a 24 meter high, brick minaret, with a 10 meter in diameter octagonal base. The shape is reminiscent of a lighthouse. The architecture features a mix of Indian Mughal pattern and ancient candi decoration.Beside the mosque is a two-floored building built in the 17th-century Dutch style. This building, known as the tiyamah, was erected at the order of Sultan Haji of Banten and designed by a Dutchman, Hendrik Lucaasz Cardeel. Cardeel converted to Islam, became a member of the Banten court with the title Pangeran Wiraguna, and designed this building which now stands on the southwest side of the Great Mosque. It is still used as a center for Islamic study. The tiyamah building is where social gatherings are held, and it is the only traditional mosque in Indonesia that has such building next to it. The tiyamah building was built to accommodate the tropical climate of Indonesia, which is seen through the open-floor plan with maximum ventilation and lighting and through features that protect the building such as a roof with acute angles to handle heavy rain. Construction materials included wood, bricks, and tiles. Windows and doors have a symmetrical design of horizontal and vertical lines.Also included in the Great Mosque of Banten is a women's prayer room, called a pewastren, and several tombs in the mosque complex, such as the tomb of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin and his wife, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, and that of Sultan Abu Nasir Abdul Qohhar. Because these were included in the layout of the mosque, the mosque's 24 columns were not located in the centre of the room, like they traditionally are. Unlike most of the traditional mosques that have a square base, the Great Mosque of Banten is built in a rectangular base. This is primarily because of the inclusion of the pewastren and the tombs.
Exterior
In a typical architecture of Javanese mosque, the Great Mosque of Banten consists of the main prayer hall and a covered veranda (serambi). The serambi is a semi-attached porch-like structure which provides entrance to the main prayer hall. The main prayer features a five-tiered roof supported by four main posts (saka guru). The three uppermost tier is arranged rather uniquely, appearing more like a Chinese pagoda than the regular multi-tiered roof of Javanese architecture. There is a dispute over the original number of the tiers of the main prayer hall; sketches of the city in 1596, 1624, 1661 and 1726 shows the number of the tier as not more than three tiers, while Valentijn (1858) mentioned the number of the tier is five as it is today. The covered verandas were added to the main mosque building, built in the north and south side of the mosque.
Interior
The interior of the Great Mosque of Banten is not very decorative or intricate as there is no calligraphy or ornamental art forms. The only decorative elements can be found in the air ventilation openings, where there are geometrical patterns. This minimalist style of interior design is similar to that of the Pecinan Tinggi Mosque, a mosque for the Chinese community of Indonesia.There is large Buddhist influence in the column stumps of the mosque. The circular shape and form of the detailed lotus motif at the top and bottom of each column comes from a Chinese cultural approach, which has Buddhist influence. This round circular shape brings balance to the mosque, as it represents balance of all forces and strength. Additionally, it has been found that this detailed lotus motif is compatible with the Buddhist mediation layers, known as the sixty levels. This compatibility is seen through the columns being the focal point of prayers that occur in the mosque, their energy traveling up the columns to the highest point of the mosque.
Sociocultural activities in the Mosque Complex
There are three main areas of the Great Mosque of Banten complex: the Great Mosque, the tiyamah building, and the cemetery area. The tiyamah building served as a space for social gatherings while the cemetery remained a cultural tradition that housed the graves of royalty. The cemetery had the most influence on the social and cultural activities that occur within the Mosque complex. Many visitors of the Great Mosque complex were there with the intention of visiting the tombs and graves of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin and his family members. This influenced the type of traditional activities that were carried out in the area.
The Great Mosque of Banten was initially built to function as a location for Muslims to fulfill their religious needs and perform religious activities. Concurring with the needs for more to learn about Islam, Indonesia also had a rising Muslim-convert population. The variety and coexistence of architectural forms that reference cultural exchanges with other religious including Buddhism and Hinduism seen in the Great Mosque of Banten are meant to symbolize this convergence.
See also
List of mosques in Indonesia
References
== Works cited ==
|
location
|
{
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"Serang"
]
}
|
Reggiani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Julia Reggiani, French former swimmer
Loris Reggiani, Italian motorcycle racer
Patrizia Reggiani, Italian, ex-wife of Maurizio Gucci
Serge Reggiani, Italian-born French singer and actor
Thiago Cruz Reggiani, football former striker
Primo Reggiani, Italian actor
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Reggiani"
]
}
|
Reggiani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Julia Reggiani, French former swimmer
Loris Reggiani, Italian motorcycle racer
Patrizia Reggiani, Italian, ex-wife of Maurizio Gucci
Serge Reggiani, Italian-born French singer and actor
Thiago Cruz Reggiani, football former striker
Primo Reggiani, Italian actor
|
different from
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Reggiani"
]
}
|
Reggiani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Julia Reggiani, French former swimmer
Loris Reggiani, Italian motorcycle racer
Patrizia Reggiani, Italian, ex-wife of Maurizio Gucci
Serge Reggiani, Italian-born French singer and actor
Thiago Cruz Reggiani, football former striker
Primo Reggiani, Italian actor
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Reggiani"
]
}
|
Lagi Dyer (born 16 April 1972) is a Fijian former international footballer who played as a striker.
Career
Dyer played club football for Rewa.He made his international debut for Fiji in 2004, and appeared in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
36
],
"text": [
"Fiji"
]
}
|
Lagi Dyer (born 16 April 1972) is a Fijian former international footballer who played as a striker.
Career
Dyer played club football for Rewa.He made his international debut for Fiji in 2004, and appeared in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.
== References ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"Dyer"
]
}
|
Lagi Dyer (born 16 April 1972) is a Fijian former international footballer who played as a striker.
Career
Dyer played club football for Rewa.He made his international debut for Fiji in 2004, and appeared in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Lagi"
]
}
|
"True to the Game" is the final single from Ice Cube's Death Certificate album.
Video content
In the video, Ice Cube kidnaps various rappers (some resembling his former bandmates) who are portrayed as "record sellers" and not "true to the game". The video's outdoor scenes are set on Crenshaw Boulevard, which in the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles riots featured many burned-out buildings. Another scene in a photo studio shows a rapper (apparently intended to be MC Hammer) clad in hardcore-style clothing who later changes into a red sequined outfit, symbolizing and parodying his transition into mainstream pop music. The video features appearances by DJ Pooh and actress and Friends star Lisa Kudrow.
Meaning of lyrics
"True to the Game" laments the trend of hip hop artists and other celebrities crossing over into mainstream music. More broadly, the song's lyrics criticize African American assimilation into the middle class.The song is a condemnation of Uncle Toms who sell out themselves to white communities and audiences: "Stop selling out your race, and wipe that stupid-ass smile off your face."
In particular, he calls out rappers who switch from hardcore in an attempt to cater to overwhelmingly white audiences at the expense of integrity, those who fail to be in touch with their roots, and especially blacks who align themselves in a white clique at the expense of snobbery towards their own:
You put on your suit and tie and your big clothes, You don't associate with the NEGROES
You wanna be just like Jack, But Jack is calling you a nigger behind your back.
So back off genius, I don't need you to correct my broken English.
References
External links
Ice Cube - "True to the Game"
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"single"
]
}
|
"True to the Game" is the final single from Ice Cube's Death Certificate album.
Video content
In the video, Ice Cube kidnaps various rappers (some resembling his former bandmates) who are portrayed as "record sellers" and not "true to the game". The video's outdoor scenes are set on Crenshaw Boulevard, which in the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles riots featured many burned-out buildings. Another scene in a photo studio shows a rapper (apparently intended to be MC Hammer) clad in hardcore-style clothing who later changes into a red sequined outfit, symbolizing and parodying his transition into mainstream pop music. The video features appearances by DJ Pooh and actress and Friends star Lisa Kudrow.
Meaning of lyrics
"True to the Game" laments the trend of hip hop artists and other celebrities crossing over into mainstream music. More broadly, the song's lyrics criticize African American assimilation into the middle class.The song is a condemnation of Uncle Toms who sell out themselves to white communities and audiences: "Stop selling out your race, and wipe that stupid-ass smile off your face."
In particular, he calls out rappers who switch from hardcore in an attempt to cater to overwhelmingly white audiences at the expense of integrity, those who fail to be in touch with their roots, and especially blacks who align themselves in a white clique at the expense of snobbery towards their own:
You put on your suit and tie and your big clothes, You don't associate with the NEGROES
You wanna be just like Jack, But Jack is calling you a nigger behind your back.
So back off genius, I don't need you to correct my broken English.
References
External links
Ice Cube - "True to the Game"
|
follows
|
{
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"Death Certificate"
]
}
|
"True to the Game" is the final single from Ice Cube's Death Certificate album.
Video content
In the video, Ice Cube kidnaps various rappers (some resembling his former bandmates) who are portrayed as "record sellers" and not "true to the game". The video's outdoor scenes are set on Crenshaw Boulevard, which in the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles riots featured many burned-out buildings. Another scene in a photo studio shows a rapper (apparently intended to be MC Hammer) clad in hardcore-style clothing who later changes into a red sequined outfit, symbolizing and parodying his transition into mainstream pop music. The video features appearances by DJ Pooh and actress and Friends star Lisa Kudrow.
Meaning of lyrics
"True to the Game" laments the trend of hip hop artists and other celebrities crossing over into mainstream music. More broadly, the song's lyrics criticize African American assimilation into the middle class.The song is a condemnation of Uncle Toms who sell out themselves to white communities and audiences: "Stop selling out your race, and wipe that stupid-ass smile off your face."
In particular, he calls out rappers who switch from hardcore in an attempt to cater to overwhelmingly white audiences at the expense of integrity, those who fail to be in touch with their roots, and especially blacks who align themselves in a white clique at the expense of snobbery towards their own:
You put on your suit and tie and your big clothes, You don't associate with the NEGROES
You wanna be just like Jack, But Jack is calling you a nigger behind your back.
So back off genius, I don't need you to correct my broken English.
References
External links
Ice Cube - "True to the Game"
|
performer
|
{
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"Ice Cube"
]
}
|
"True to the Game" is the final single from Ice Cube's Death Certificate album.
Video content
In the video, Ice Cube kidnaps various rappers (some resembling his former bandmates) who are portrayed as "record sellers" and not "true to the game". The video's outdoor scenes are set on Crenshaw Boulevard, which in the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles riots featured many burned-out buildings. Another scene in a photo studio shows a rapper (apparently intended to be MC Hammer) clad in hardcore-style clothing who later changes into a red sequined outfit, symbolizing and parodying his transition into mainstream pop music. The video features appearances by DJ Pooh and actress and Friends star Lisa Kudrow.
Meaning of lyrics
"True to the Game" laments the trend of hip hop artists and other celebrities crossing over into mainstream music. More broadly, the song's lyrics criticize African American assimilation into the middle class.The song is a condemnation of Uncle Toms who sell out themselves to white communities and audiences: "Stop selling out your race, and wipe that stupid-ass smile off your face."
In particular, he calls out rappers who switch from hardcore in an attempt to cater to overwhelmingly white audiences at the expense of integrity, those who fail to be in touch with their roots, and especially blacks who align themselves in a white clique at the expense of snobbery towards their own:
You put on your suit and tie and your big clothes, You don't associate with the NEGROES
You wanna be just like Jack, But Jack is calling you a nigger behind your back.
So back off genius, I don't need you to correct my broken English.
References
External links
Ice Cube - "True to the Game"
|
part of
|
{
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"Death Certificate"
]
}
|
"True to the Game" is the final single from Ice Cube's Death Certificate album.
Video content
In the video, Ice Cube kidnaps various rappers (some resembling his former bandmates) who are portrayed as "record sellers" and not "true to the game". The video's outdoor scenes are set on Crenshaw Boulevard, which in the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles riots featured many burned-out buildings. Another scene in a photo studio shows a rapper (apparently intended to be MC Hammer) clad in hardcore-style clothing who later changes into a red sequined outfit, symbolizing and parodying his transition into mainstream pop music. The video features appearances by DJ Pooh and actress and Friends star Lisa Kudrow.
Meaning of lyrics
"True to the Game" laments the trend of hip hop artists and other celebrities crossing over into mainstream music. More broadly, the song's lyrics criticize African American assimilation into the middle class.The song is a condemnation of Uncle Toms who sell out themselves to white communities and audiences: "Stop selling out your race, and wipe that stupid-ass smile off your face."
In particular, he calls out rappers who switch from hardcore in an attempt to cater to overwhelmingly white audiences at the expense of integrity, those who fail to be in touch with their roots, and especially blacks who align themselves in a white clique at the expense of snobbery towards their own:
You put on your suit and tie and your big clothes, You don't associate with the NEGROES
You wanna be just like Jack, But Jack is calling you a nigger behind your back.
So back off genius, I don't need you to correct my broken English.
References
External links
Ice Cube - "True to the Game"
|
original language of film or TV show
|
{
"answer_start": [
1643
],
"text": [
"English"
]
}
|
"True to the Game" is the final single from Ice Cube's Death Certificate album.
Video content
In the video, Ice Cube kidnaps various rappers (some resembling his former bandmates) who are portrayed as "record sellers" and not "true to the game". The video's outdoor scenes are set on Crenshaw Boulevard, which in the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles riots featured many burned-out buildings. Another scene in a photo studio shows a rapper (apparently intended to be MC Hammer) clad in hardcore-style clothing who later changes into a red sequined outfit, symbolizing and parodying his transition into mainstream pop music. The video features appearances by DJ Pooh and actress and Friends star Lisa Kudrow.
Meaning of lyrics
"True to the Game" laments the trend of hip hop artists and other celebrities crossing over into mainstream music. More broadly, the song's lyrics criticize African American assimilation into the middle class.The song is a condemnation of Uncle Toms who sell out themselves to white communities and audiences: "Stop selling out your race, and wipe that stupid-ass smile off your face."
In particular, he calls out rappers who switch from hardcore in an attempt to cater to overwhelmingly white audiences at the expense of integrity, those who fail to be in touch with their roots, and especially blacks who align themselves in a white clique at the expense of snobbery towards their own:
You put on your suit and tie and your big clothes, You don't associate with the NEGROES
You wanna be just like Jack, But Jack is calling you a nigger behind your back.
So back off genius, I don't need you to correct my broken English.
References
External links
Ice Cube - "True to the Game"
|
MPA film rating
|
{
"answer_start": [
1500
],
"text": [
"R"
]
}
|
Sougia (Greek: Σούγια) is a community and a small village in Chania regional unit on the island of Crete, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of East Selino (Anatoliko Selino). It is located on the south coast of the island, 70 km south of Chania. The community consists of the following villages (population in 2011):
Sougia, pop. 136
Koustogerako, pop. 44
Livadas, pop. 17
Moni, pop. 23Sougia is reached from Chania by car in 2 hours or by ferry boats from Palaiochora, Agia Roumeli, Loutro and Hora Sfakion. Although it is not one of the larger towns of the province of Selino, Sougia is interesting to the tourist, providing a beach, walkways, mountains and interesting remains of an ancient city and old Byzantine churches. Sougia has some tourist services, such as small hotels, rooms to rent and a few taverns, cafes and bars. Sougia was the ancient city of Syia, a harbour of Elyros. In the village church, an important basilica of the Byzantine era, was found a beautiful mosaic, now exposed in Chania's Archeological Museum. In 1943, during German occupation, Germans razed the villages Livadas, Moni and Koustogerako, by way of reprisal for local partisan actions. Legends also suggest that the Cyclops in Odysseus' adventure lived in Sougia.
Municipality officer: Nikolas Koltsidis
References
External links
Sougia Info
Crete pictures
Crete map
Beaches of Crete
Local sougia taxi
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"Greece"
]
}
|
Sougia (Greek: Σούγια) is a community and a small village in Chania regional unit on the island of Crete, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of East Selino (Anatoliko Selino). It is located on the south coast of the island, 70 km south of Chania. The community consists of the following villages (population in 2011):
Sougia, pop. 136
Koustogerako, pop. 44
Livadas, pop. 17
Moni, pop. 23Sougia is reached from Chania by car in 2 hours or by ferry boats from Palaiochora, Agia Roumeli, Loutro and Hora Sfakion. Although it is not one of the larger towns of the province of Selino, Sougia is interesting to the tourist, providing a beach, walkways, mountains and interesting remains of an ancient city and old Byzantine churches. Sougia has some tourist services, such as small hotels, rooms to rent and a few taverns, cafes and bars. Sougia was the ancient city of Syia, a harbour of Elyros. In the village church, an important basilica of the Byzantine era, was found a beautiful mosaic, now exposed in Chania's Archeological Museum. In 1943, during German occupation, Germans razed the villages Livadas, Moni and Koustogerako, by way of reprisal for local partisan actions. Legends also suggest that the Cyclops in Odysseus' adventure lived in Sougia.
Municipality officer: Nikolas Koltsidis
References
External links
Sougia Info
Crete pictures
Crete map
Beaches of Crete
Local sougia taxi
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
636
],
"text": [
"beach"
]
}
|
Sougia (Greek: Σούγια) is a community and a small village in Chania regional unit on the island of Crete, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of East Selino (Anatoliko Selino). It is located on the south coast of the island, 70 km south of Chania. The community consists of the following villages (population in 2011):
Sougia, pop. 136
Koustogerako, pop. 44
Livadas, pop. 17
Moni, pop. 23Sougia is reached from Chania by car in 2 hours or by ferry boats from Palaiochora, Agia Roumeli, Loutro and Hora Sfakion. Although it is not one of the larger towns of the province of Selino, Sougia is interesting to the tourist, providing a beach, walkways, mountains and interesting remains of an ancient city and old Byzantine churches. Sougia has some tourist services, such as small hotels, rooms to rent and a few taverns, cafes and bars. Sougia was the ancient city of Syia, a harbour of Elyros. In the village church, an important basilica of the Byzantine era, was found a beautiful mosaic, now exposed in Chania's Archeological Museum. In 1943, during German occupation, Germans razed the villages Livadas, Moni and Koustogerako, by way of reprisal for local partisan actions. Legends also suggest that the Cyclops in Odysseus' adventure lived in Sougia.
Municipality officer: Nikolas Koltsidis
References
External links
Sougia Info
Crete pictures
Crete map
Beaches of Crete
Local sougia taxi
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sougia"
]
}
|
Sougia (Greek: Σούγια) is a community and a small village in Chania regional unit on the island of Crete, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of East Selino (Anatoliko Selino). It is located on the south coast of the island, 70 km south of Chania. The community consists of the following villages (population in 2011):
Sougia, pop. 136
Koustogerako, pop. 44
Livadas, pop. 17
Moni, pop. 23Sougia is reached from Chania by car in 2 hours or by ferry boats from Palaiochora, Agia Roumeli, Loutro and Hora Sfakion. Although it is not one of the larger towns of the province of Selino, Sougia is interesting to the tourist, providing a beach, walkways, mountains and interesting remains of an ancient city and old Byzantine churches. Sougia has some tourist services, such as small hotels, rooms to rent and a few taverns, cafes and bars. Sougia was the ancient city of Syia, a harbour of Elyros. In the village church, an important basilica of the Byzantine era, was found a beautiful mosaic, now exposed in Chania's Archeological Museum. In 1943, during German occupation, Germans razed the villages Livadas, Moni and Koustogerako, by way of reprisal for local partisan actions. Legends also suggest that the Cyclops in Odysseus' adventure lived in Sougia.
Municipality officer: Nikolas Koltsidis
References
External links
Sougia Info
Crete pictures
Crete map
Beaches of Crete
Local sougia taxi
|
population
|
{
"answer_start": [
337
],
"text": [
"136"
]
}
|
Sougia (Greek: Σούγια) is a community and a small village in Chania regional unit on the island of Crete, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of East Selino (Anatoliko Selino). It is located on the south coast of the island, 70 km south of Chania. The community consists of the following villages (population in 2011):
Sougia, pop. 136
Koustogerako, pop. 44
Livadas, pop. 17
Moni, pop. 23Sougia is reached from Chania by car in 2 hours or by ferry boats from Palaiochora, Agia Roumeli, Loutro and Hora Sfakion. Although it is not one of the larger towns of the province of Selino, Sougia is interesting to the tourist, providing a beach, walkways, mountains and interesting remains of an ancient city and old Byzantine churches. Sougia has some tourist services, such as small hotels, rooms to rent and a few taverns, cafes and bars. Sougia was the ancient city of Syia, a harbour of Elyros. In the village church, an important basilica of the Byzantine era, was found a beautiful mosaic, now exposed in Chania's Archeological Museum. In 1943, during German occupation, Germans razed the villages Livadas, Moni and Koustogerako, by way of reprisal for local partisan actions. Legends also suggest that the Cyclops in Odysseus' adventure lived in Sougia.
Municipality officer: Nikolas Koltsidis
References
External links
Sougia Info
Crete pictures
Crete map
Beaches of Crete
Local sougia taxi
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"Σούγια"
]
}
|
Sougia (Greek: Σούγια) is a community and a small village in Chania regional unit on the island of Crete, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of East Selino (Anatoliko Selino). It is located on the south coast of the island, 70 km south of Chania. The community consists of the following villages (population in 2011):
Sougia, pop. 136
Koustogerako, pop. 44
Livadas, pop. 17
Moni, pop. 23Sougia is reached from Chania by car in 2 hours or by ferry boats from Palaiochora, Agia Roumeli, Loutro and Hora Sfakion. Although it is not one of the larger towns of the province of Selino, Sougia is interesting to the tourist, providing a beach, walkways, mountains and interesting remains of an ancient city and old Byzantine churches. Sougia has some tourist services, such as small hotels, rooms to rent and a few taverns, cafes and bars. Sougia was the ancient city of Syia, a harbour of Elyros. In the village church, an important basilica of the Byzantine era, was found a beautiful mosaic, now exposed in Chania's Archeological Museum. In 1943, during German occupation, Germans razed the villages Livadas, Moni and Koustogerako, by way of reprisal for local partisan actions. Legends also suggest that the Cyclops in Odysseus' adventure lived in Sougia.
Municipality officer: Nikolas Koltsidis
References
External links
Sougia Info
Crete pictures
Crete map
Beaches of Crete
Local sougia taxi
|
Quora topic ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sougia"
]
}
|
William Brantley Harvey, Sr. (June 5, 1893 – March 20, 1981) was an American lawyer and politician.
Harvey was the brother of Etta Causey Harvey. She was married to Randolph Murdaugh Sr. (1887-1940) and was mother to Randolph "Buster" Murdaugh Jr. (1915-1998) and great-grandmother to Alex Murdaugh. ==Biography==
Harvey was born in Hampton, South Carolina. Harvey served as a medical corpsman in the United States Navy during World War I. In 1923, he received his bachelor's and law degrees from University of South Carolina. Harvey practiced law in Beaufort, South Carolina. Brantley served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1924 to 1928 and in the South Carolina Senate from 1928 to 1952. Harvey died in Beaufort, South Carolina. His son was W. Brantley Harvey Jr., who also served in the South Carolina General Assembly.
== Notes ==
|
educated at
|
{
"answer_start": [
497
],
"text": [
"University of South Carolina"
]
}
|
William Brantley Harvey, Sr. (June 5, 1893 – March 20, 1981) was an American lawyer and politician.
Harvey was the brother of Etta Causey Harvey. She was married to Randolph Murdaugh Sr. (1887-1940) and was mother to Randolph "Buster" Murdaugh Jr. (1915-1998) and great-grandmother to Alex Murdaugh. ==Biography==
Harvey was born in Hampton, South Carolina. Harvey served as a medical corpsman in the United States Navy during World War I. In 1923, he received his bachelor's and law degrees from University of South Carolina. Harvey practiced law in Beaufort, South Carolina. Brantley served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1924 to 1928 and in the South Carolina Senate from 1928 to 1952. Harvey died in Beaufort, South Carolina. His son was W. Brantley Harvey Jr., who also served in the South Carolina General Assembly.
== Notes ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"politician"
]
}
|
William Brantley Harvey, Sr. (June 5, 1893 – March 20, 1981) was an American lawyer and politician.
Harvey was the brother of Etta Causey Harvey. She was married to Randolph Murdaugh Sr. (1887-1940) and was mother to Randolph "Buster" Murdaugh Jr. (1915-1998) and great-grandmother to Alex Murdaugh. ==Biography==
Harvey was born in Hampton, South Carolina. Harvey served as a medical corpsman in the United States Navy during World War I. In 1923, he received his bachelor's and law degrees from University of South Carolina. Harvey practiced law in Beaufort, South Carolina. Brantley served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1924 to 1928 and in the South Carolina Senate from 1928 to 1952. Harvey died in Beaufort, South Carolina. His son was W. Brantley Harvey Jr., who also served in the South Carolina General Assembly.
== Notes ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"Harvey"
]
}
|
William Brantley Harvey, Sr. (June 5, 1893 – March 20, 1981) was an American lawyer and politician.
Harvey was the brother of Etta Causey Harvey. She was married to Randolph Murdaugh Sr. (1887-1940) and was mother to Randolph "Buster" Murdaugh Jr. (1915-1998) and great-grandmother to Alex Murdaugh. ==Biography==
Harvey was born in Hampton, South Carolina. Harvey served as a medical corpsman in the United States Navy during World War I. In 1923, he received his bachelor's and law degrees from University of South Carolina. Harvey practiced law in Beaufort, South Carolina. Brantley served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1924 to 1928 and in the South Carolina Senate from 1928 to 1952. Harvey died in Beaufort, South Carolina. His son was W. Brantley Harvey Jr., who also served in the South Carolina General Assembly.
== Notes ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"William"
]
}
|
Chashni Dan (Persian: چاشنيدان, also Romanized as Chāshnī Dān) is a village in Qaleh Tall Rural District, in the Central District of Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 121, in 24 families.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"Iran"
]
}
|
Chashni Dan (Persian: چاشنيدان, also Romanized as Chāshnī Dān) is a village in Qaleh Tall Rural District, in the Central District of Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 121, in 24 families.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"village"
]
}
|
Chashni Dan (Persian: چاشنيدان, also Romanized as Chāshnī Dān) is a village in Qaleh Tall Rural District, in the Central District of Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 121, in 24 families.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"Qaleh Tall Rural District"
]
}
|
Bathycrinicola media is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Eulimidae.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Bathycrinicola media is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Eulimidae.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bathycrinicola"
]
}
|
Bathycrinicola media is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Eulimidae.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bathycrinicola media"
]
}
|
Kościerzyn Mały (Polish pronunciation: [kɔɕˈtɕɛʐɨn ˈmawɨ]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łobżenica, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Łobżenica, 37 km (23 mi) east of Piła, and 96 km (60 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"Poland"
]
}
|
Kościerzyn Mały (Polish pronunciation: [kɔɕˈtɕɛʐɨn ˈmawɨ]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łobżenica, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Łobżenica, 37 km (23 mi) east of Piła, and 96 km (60 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"Gmina Łobżenica"
]
}
|
Andelko Milardović (November 12, 1956, Ogulin, Croatia) is a Croatian political scientist, sociologist and college professor, also a scientific researcher of the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies in Zagreb. He is the founder and director of the Centre for Political Researches and more recently "Think Thank" Institute of European and globalization studies.
He studied Political Science in Ljubljana and Zagreb. He graduated at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Zagreb, University of Zagreb in 1981 with the Thesis, entitled: Science as a Production Force, under the mentorship of Davor Rodin, a famous philosophy professor. In 1986 he earned his master's degree at the same Faculty with the Master's Thesis, entitled: The concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology, under the mentorship of Branka Brujić. In October 1989 he earned his PhD degree at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade and the topic of his dissertation was Spontaneous and Institutional Political Activity. A Comparison Between Sociopolitical and Politological Perspective of Political Activity. His mentor was Vukašin Pavlović. From 1987 onwards, he has been permanently employed at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies as a senior research scientist, pursuing research in migration policy and sociology of foreigners in a time of globalization and xenophobia.
He received further professional education in Göttingen, Bonn and Wien in 1987, 1991 and 1994, respectively. In 1994 he visited Professor Klaus von Beyme at the Institute of Political Science in Heidelberg. From 1981 to 1987 he worked as a high school professor in Osijek. He then moved to Zagreb in 1987 where he got the permanent position at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies. In 2006 he was granted the status of a full professor of Political Theory at the Faculty of Political Sciences but due to his “Croatian nationalism” he wasn't allowed to give lectures.
From 1997 to 2009 he served as a lecturer at the Centre for Croatian Studies where he was teaching Political Science, Political Sociology and Contemporary Political Ideas, while at the University of Dubrovnik he taught courses Introduction in Political Science, History of Political Ideas and Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Since 2012 he has been teaching Political Marketing at postgraduate level at the University of Osijek. He works as a guest professor lecturing Sociology of Culture at the University College for Communication Management Edward Bernays in Zagreb. He teaches courses Sociology of the Information Society and the Sociology of Globalization at the University College for Applied Computer Engineering. He teaches Sociology of the Information Society at the University College for Information Technologies. He has recently started lecturing the course entitled Political Forms and Ideas at the University College Sjever in Koprivnica and Varaždin.
In 1994 he established a publishing house Pan Liber in Osijek, specialized in the field of political science; In 2001 he established a Political Science Research Centre (www.cpi.hr), specialized in transition research, globalization, political parties and system where he has served as a director for many years.
During his studies at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Zagreb he was greatly influenced by the German philosophy and sociology school. Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, as well as Plessner and Scheller, representatives of the German philosophical anthropology, are all philosophers whose work he studied a lot. He defended his Master's Thesis, entitled The Concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology in the field of philosophical anthropology. German sociologists who influenced him the most are Max Weber, Alfred Schutz, Georg Simmel, Niklas Luhman, and recently Urlich Beck and his work on globalization issues and risk society.
Throughout his career both as professor and researcher he focused on the Political Philosophy, History of Political Ideas and Political Theory with strong emphasis on Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Within the context of the Theory of the Political Systems and Comparative Politics he presented Political Systems in Austria and Germany. In the late 1990s he began a systematic research of the globalization issues and political theory of democracy and post-democracy in the period of globalization. Milardovic is situated in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia.
== References ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"Ogulin"
]
}
|
Andelko Milardović (November 12, 1956, Ogulin, Croatia) is a Croatian political scientist, sociologist and college professor, also a scientific researcher of the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies in Zagreb. He is the founder and director of the Centre for Political Researches and more recently "Think Thank" Institute of European and globalization studies.
He studied Political Science in Ljubljana and Zagreb. He graduated at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Zagreb, University of Zagreb in 1981 with the Thesis, entitled: Science as a Production Force, under the mentorship of Davor Rodin, a famous philosophy professor. In 1986 he earned his master's degree at the same Faculty with the Master's Thesis, entitled: The concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology, under the mentorship of Branka Brujić. In October 1989 he earned his PhD degree at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade and the topic of his dissertation was Spontaneous and Institutional Political Activity. A Comparison Between Sociopolitical and Politological Perspective of Political Activity. His mentor was Vukašin Pavlović. From 1987 onwards, he has been permanently employed at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies as a senior research scientist, pursuing research in migration policy and sociology of foreigners in a time of globalization and xenophobia.
He received further professional education in Göttingen, Bonn and Wien in 1987, 1991 and 1994, respectively. In 1994 he visited Professor Klaus von Beyme at the Institute of Political Science in Heidelberg. From 1981 to 1987 he worked as a high school professor in Osijek. He then moved to Zagreb in 1987 where he got the permanent position at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies. In 2006 he was granted the status of a full professor of Political Theory at the Faculty of Political Sciences but due to his “Croatian nationalism” he wasn't allowed to give lectures.
From 1997 to 2009 he served as a lecturer at the Centre for Croatian Studies where he was teaching Political Science, Political Sociology and Contemporary Political Ideas, while at the University of Dubrovnik he taught courses Introduction in Political Science, History of Political Ideas and Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Since 2012 he has been teaching Political Marketing at postgraduate level at the University of Osijek. He works as a guest professor lecturing Sociology of Culture at the University College for Communication Management Edward Bernays in Zagreb. He teaches courses Sociology of the Information Society and the Sociology of Globalization at the University College for Applied Computer Engineering. He teaches Sociology of the Information Society at the University College for Information Technologies. He has recently started lecturing the course entitled Political Forms and Ideas at the University College Sjever in Koprivnica and Varaždin.
In 1994 he established a publishing house Pan Liber in Osijek, specialized in the field of political science; In 2001 he established a Political Science Research Centre (www.cpi.hr), specialized in transition research, globalization, political parties and system where he has served as a director for many years.
During his studies at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Zagreb he was greatly influenced by the German philosophy and sociology school. Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, as well as Plessner and Scheller, representatives of the German philosophical anthropology, are all philosophers whose work he studied a lot. He defended his Master's Thesis, entitled The Concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology in the field of philosophical anthropology. German sociologists who influenced him the most are Max Weber, Alfred Schutz, Georg Simmel, Niklas Luhman, and recently Urlich Beck and his work on globalization issues and risk society.
Throughout his career both as professor and researcher he focused on the Political Philosophy, History of Political Ideas and Political Theory with strong emphasis on Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Within the context of the Theory of the Political Systems and Comparative Politics he presented Political Systems in Austria and Germany. In the late 1990s he began a systematic research of the globalization issues and political theory of democracy and post-democracy in the period of globalization. Milardovic is situated in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia.
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"Croatia"
]
}
|
Andelko Milardović (November 12, 1956, Ogulin, Croatia) is a Croatian political scientist, sociologist and college professor, also a scientific researcher of the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies in Zagreb. He is the founder and director of the Centre for Political Researches and more recently "Think Thank" Institute of European and globalization studies.
He studied Political Science in Ljubljana and Zagreb. He graduated at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Zagreb, University of Zagreb in 1981 with the Thesis, entitled: Science as a Production Force, under the mentorship of Davor Rodin, a famous philosophy professor. In 1986 he earned his master's degree at the same Faculty with the Master's Thesis, entitled: The concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology, under the mentorship of Branka Brujić. In October 1989 he earned his PhD degree at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade and the topic of his dissertation was Spontaneous and Institutional Political Activity. A Comparison Between Sociopolitical and Politological Perspective of Political Activity. His mentor was Vukašin Pavlović. From 1987 onwards, he has been permanently employed at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies as a senior research scientist, pursuing research in migration policy and sociology of foreigners in a time of globalization and xenophobia.
He received further professional education in Göttingen, Bonn and Wien in 1987, 1991 and 1994, respectively. In 1994 he visited Professor Klaus von Beyme at the Institute of Political Science in Heidelberg. From 1981 to 1987 he worked as a high school professor in Osijek. He then moved to Zagreb in 1987 where he got the permanent position at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies. In 2006 he was granted the status of a full professor of Political Theory at the Faculty of Political Sciences but due to his “Croatian nationalism” he wasn't allowed to give lectures.
From 1997 to 2009 he served as a lecturer at the Centre for Croatian Studies where he was teaching Political Science, Political Sociology and Contemporary Political Ideas, while at the University of Dubrovnik he taught courses Introduction in Political Science, History of Political Ideas and Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Since 2012 he has been teaching Political Marketing at postgraduate level at the University of Osijek. He works as a guest professor lecturing Sociology of Culture at the University College for Communication Management Edward Bernays in Zagreb. He teaches courses Sociology of the Information Society and the Sociology of Globalization at the University College for Applied Computer Engineering. He teaches Sociology of the Information Society at the University College for Information Technologies. He has recently started lecturing the course entitled Political Forms and Ideas at the University College Sjever in Koprivnica and Varaždin.
In 1994 he established a publishing house Pan Liber in Osijek, specialized in the field of political science; In 2001 he established a Political Science Research Centre (www.cpi.hr), specialized in transition research, globalization, political parties and system where he has served as a director for many years.
During his studies at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Zagreb he was greatly influenced by the German philosophy and sociology school. Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, as well as Plessner and Scheller, representatives of the German philosophical anthropology, are all philosophers whose work he studied a lot. He defended his Master's Thesis, entitled The Concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology in the field of philosophical anthropology. German sociologists who influenced him the most are Max Weber, Alfred Schutz, Georg Simmel, Niklas Luhman, and recently Urlich Beck and his work on globalization issues and risk society.
Throughout his career both as professor and researcher he focused on the Political Philosophy, History of Political Ideas and Political Theory with strong emphasis on Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Within the context of the Theory of the Political Systems and Comparative Politics he presented Political Systems in Austria and Germany. In the late 1990s he began a systematic research of the globalization issues and political theory of democracy and post-democracy in the period of globalization. Milardovic is situated in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia.
== References ==
|
field of work
|
{
"answer_start": [
1328
],
"text": [
"sociology"
]
}
|
Andelko Milardović (November 12, 1956, Ogulin, Croatia) is a Croatian political scientist, sociologist and college professor, also a scientific researcher of the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies in Zagreb. He is the founder and director of the Centre for Political Researches and more recently "Think Thank" Institute of European and globalization studies.
He studied Political Science in Ljubljana and Zagreb. He graduated at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Zagreb, University of Zagreb in 1981 with the Thesis, entitled: Science as a Production Force, under the mentorship of Davor Rodin, a famous philosophy professor. In 1986 he earned his master's degree at the same Faculty with the Master's Thesis, entitled: The concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology, under the mentorship of Branka Brujić. In October 1989 he earned his PhD degree at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade and the topic of his dissertation was Spontaneous and Institutional Political Activity. A Comparison Between Sociopolitical and Politological Perspective of Political Activity. His mentor was Vukašin Pavlović. From 1987 onwards, he has been permanently employed at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies as a senior research scientist, pursuing research in migration policy and sociology of foreigners in a time of globalization and xenophobia.
He received further professional education in Göttingen, Bonn and Wien in 1987, 1991 and 1994, respectively. In 1994 he visited Professor Klaus von Beyme at the Institute of Political Science in Heidelberg. From 1981 to 1987 he worked as a high school professor in Osijek. He then moved to Zagreb in 1987 where he got the permanent position at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies. In 2006 he was granted the status of a full professor of Political Theory at the Faculty of Political Sciences but due to his “Croatian nationalism” he wasn't allowed to give lectures.
From 1997 to 2009 he served as a lecturer at the Centre for Croatian Studies where he was teaching Political Science, Political Sociology and Contemporary Political Ideas, while at the University of Dubrovnik he taught courses Introduction in Political Science, History of Political Ideas and Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Since 2012 he has been teaching Political Marketing at postgraduate level at the University of Osijek. He works as a guest professor lecturing Sociology of Culture at the University College for Communication Management Edward Bernays in Zagreb. He teaches courses Sociology of the Information Society and the Sociology of Globalization at the University College for Applied Computer Engineering. He teaches Sociology of the Information Society at the University College for Information Technologies. He has recently started lecturing the course entitled Political Forms and Ideas at the University College Sjever in Koprivnica and Varaždin.
In 1994 he established a publishing house Pan Liber in Osijek, specialized in the field of political science; In 2001 he established a Political Science Research Centre (www.cpi.hr), specialized in transition research, globalization, political parties and system where he has served as a director for many years.
During his studies at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Zagreb he was greatly influenced by the German philosophy and sociology school. Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, as well as Plessner and Scheller, representatives of the German philosophical anthropology, are all philosophers whose work he studied a lot. He defended his Master's Thesis, entitled The Concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology in the field of philosophical anthropology. German sociologists who influenced him the most are Max Weber, Alfred Schutz, Georg Simmel, Niklas Luhman, and recently Urlich Beck and his work on globalization issues and risk society.
Throughout his career both as professor and researcher he focused on the Political Philosophy, History of Political Ideas and Political Theory with strong emphasis on Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Within the context of the Theory of the Political Systems and Comparative Politics he presented Political Systems in Austria and Germany. In the late 1990s he began a systematic research of the globalization issues and political theory of democracy and post-democracy in the period of globalization. Milardovic is situated in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
70
],
"text": [
"political scientist"
]
}
|
Andelko Milardović (November 12, 1956, Ogulin, Croatia) is a Croatian political scientist, sociologist and college professor, also a scientific researcher of the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies in Zagreb. He is the founder and director of the Centre for Political Researches and more recently "Think Thank" Institute of European and globalization studies.
He studied Political Science in Ljubljana and Zagreb. He graduated at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Zagreb, University of Zagreb in 1981 with the Thesis, entitled: Science as a Production Force, under the mentorship of Davor Rodin, a famous philosophy professor. In 1986 he earned his master's degree at the same Faculty with the Master's Thesis, entitled: The concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology, under the mentorship of Branka Brujić. In October 1989 he earned his PhD degree at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade and the topic of his dissertation was Spontaneous and Institutional Political Activity. A Comparison Between Sociopolitical and Politological Perspective of Political Activity. His mentor was Vukašin Pavlović. From 1987 onwards, he has been permanently employed at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies as a senior research scientist, pursuing research in migration policy and sociology of foreigners in a time of globalization and xenophobia.
He received further professional education in Göttingen, Bonn and Wien in 1987, 1991 and 1994, respectively. In 1994 he visited Professor Klaus von Beyme at the Institute of Political Science in Heidelberg. From 1981 to 1987 he worked as a high school professor in Osijek. He then moved to Zagreb in 1987 where he got the permanent position at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies. In 2006 he was granted the status of a full professor of Political Theory at the Faculty of Political Sciences but due to his “Croatian nationalism” he wasn't allowed to give lectures.
From 1997 to 2009 he served as a lecturer at the Centre for Croatian Studies where he was teaching Political Science, Political Sociology and Contemporary Political Ideas, while at the University of Dubrovnik he taught courses Introduction in Political Science, History of Political Ideas and Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Since 2012 he has been teaching Political Marketing at postgraduate level at the University of Osijek. He works as a guest professor lecturing Sociology of Culture at the University College for Communication Management Edward Bernays in Zagreb. He teaches courses Sociology of the Information Society and the Sociology of Globalization at the University College for Applied Computer Engineering. He teaches Sociology of the Information Society at the University College for Information Technologies. He has recently started lecturing the course entitled Political Forms and Ideas at the University College Sjever in Koprivnica and Varaždin.
In 1994 he established a publishing house Pan Liber in Osijek, specialized in the field of political science; In 2001 he established a Political Science Research Centre (www.cpi.hr), specialized in transition research, globalization, political parties and system where he has served as a director for many years.
During his studies at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Zagreb he was greatly influenced by the German philosophy and sociology school. Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, as well as Plessner and Scheller, representatives of the German philosophical anthropology, are all philosophers whose work he studied a lot. He defended his Master's Thesis, entitled The Concept of Activity in Amold Gehlen's Philosophical Anthropology in the field of philosophical anthropology. German sociologists who influenced him the most are Max Weber, Alfred Schutz, Georg Simmel, Niklas Luhman, and recently Urlich Beck and his work on globalization issues and risk society.
Throughout his career both as professor and researcher he focused on the Political Philosophy, History of Political Ideas and Political Theory with strong emphasis on Contemporary Political Ideas and Ideologies. Within the context of the Theory of the Political Systems and Comparative Politics he presented Political Systems in Austria and Germany. In the late 1990s he began a systematic research of the globalization issues and political theory of democracy and post-democracy in the period of globalization. Milardovic is situated in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia.
== References ==
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"Croatian"
]
}
|
Långhalsen is a lake predominantly in Nyköping Municipality, Södermanland, Sweden that is part of the Nyköpingsån drainage area. There is a very small portion of the lake's northern inlet that is part of Flen Municipality. There are three nearby lakes directly connected to its north that also are named Långhalsen due to their similar shapes, although they are considered separate lakes due to being connected by narrow rivers and straits. The lake surface is located at 19 metres (62 ft) above sea level with multiple inlets and has several islands, the highest of which rises to 53 metres (174 ft).
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"Sweden"
]
}
|
Långhalsen is a lake predominantly in Nyköping Municipality, Södermanland, Sweden that is part of the Nyköpingsån drainage area. There is a very small portion of the lake's northern inlet that is part of Flen Municipality. There are three nearby lakes directly connected to its north that also are named Långhalsen due to their similar shapes, although they are considered separate lakes due to being connected by narrow rivers and straits. The lake surface is located at 19 metres (62 ft) above sea level with multiple inlets and has several islands, the highest of which rises to 53 metres (174 ft).
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"lake"
]
}
|
Långhalsen is a lake predominantly in Nyköping Municipality, Södermanland, Sweden that is part of the Nyköpingsån drainage area. There is a very small portion of the lake's northern inlet that is part of Flen Municipality. There are three nearby lakes directly connected to its north that also are named Långhalsen due to their similar shapes, although they are considered separate lakes due to being connected by narrow rivers and straits. The lake surface is located at 19 metres (62 ft) above sea level with multiple inlets and has several islands, the highest of which rises to 53 metres (174 ft).
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
204
],
"text": [
"Flen Municipality"
]
}
|
Långhalsen is a lake predominantly in Nyköping Municipality, Södermanland, Sweden that is part of the Nyköpingsån drainage area. There is a very small portion of the lake's northern inlet that is part of Flen Municipality. There are three nearby lakes directly connected to its north that also are named Långhalsen due to their similar shapes, although they are considered separate lakes due to being connected by narrow rivers and straits. The lake surface is located at 19 metres (62 ft) above sea level with multiple inlets and has several islands, the highest of which rises to 53 metres (174 ft).
== References ==
|
basin country
|
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"Sweden"
]
}
|
The granular pugolovka (Benthophilus granulosus) is a species of gobiid fish widespread in the Caspian Sea. It is a small fish, with a length up to 5.6 centimetres (2.2 in) TL. It was listed as Least Concern by the IUCN in 2008: there are no known major threats. Granular pugolovkas are very abundant in their habitat due to their size and lack of natural predators. The common name 'pugolovka' is a Ukrainian word for tadpole.
Description
Benthophilus granulosus has a flat head with a flat barbel on the chin that is often described as being leathery. The body colors depend on the habitat in which the fish lives. Benthophilus granulosus can be distinguished from its relatives by their body being covered in thorny granules which are closely compacted, containing three dark blotches on their midline. Benthophilus granulosus also has black dots on the head and back Granular pugolovka starts its life cycle off as a tadpole, this tadpole stage of life is identified by the body of this fish and the absence of scales. The body of the tadpole stage also is covered with variable sized bony portions protruding out of the body, which will eventually disappear in only the males who have reached sexual maturity.
Habitat
Benthophilus granulosus lives in both brackish and fresh waters; low-salinity zones seem to be preferred. It prefers river deltas and estuaries as well as shallow coastal waters (0.5 to 20 metres (1.6 to 65.6 ft)) in the summer, and moves deeper (down to 70 metres (230 ft)) in the winter. Granular pugolovka is abundant along northern and eastern coasts around Ural and Volga rivers.
Life cycle
Benthophilus granulosus has a life span of about a year, and reaches maturity at about 6–7 months. It spawns during April through July in shallow waters. Benthophilus granulosus starts life as a "tadpole" and matures into a goby fish. The granular pugolovka life cycle is about a year, which is normally how long it takes for their spawning season to start after their birth. The granular pugolovka all die shortly after spawning with the females dying before the males due to the more costly act of laying eggs as opposed to the males role of releasing sperm.
Diet
Benthophilus granulosus is a bottom dweller and has a fairly limited diet or zoobenthos. They eat mysids, amphipods, bivalves, insects, and other foods.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
The granular pugolovka (Benthophilus granulosus) is a species of gobiid fish widespread in the Caspian Sea. It is a small fish, with a length up to 5.6 centimetres (2.2 in) TL. It was listed as Least Concern by the IUCN in 2008: there are no known major threats. Granular pugolovkas are very abundant in their habitat due to their size and lack of natural predators. The common name 'pugolovka' is a Ukrainian word for tadpole.
Description
Benthophilus granulosus has a flat head with a flat barbel on the chin that is often described as being leathery. The body colors depend on the habitat in which the fish lives. Benthophilus granulosus can be distinguished from its relatives by their body being covered in thorny granules which are closely compacted, containing three dark blotches on their midline. Benthophilus granulosus also has black dots on the head and back Granular pugolovka starts its life cycle off as a tadpole, this tadpole stage of life is identified by the body of this fish and the absence of scales. The body of the tadpole stage also is covered with variable sized bony portions protruding out of the body, which will eventually disappear in only the males who have reached sexual maturity.
Habitat
Benthophilus granulosus lives in both brackish and fresh waters; low-salinity zones seem to be preferred. It prefers river deltas and estuaries as well as shallow coastal waters (0.5 to 20 metres (1.6 to 65.6 ft)) in the summer, and moves deeper (down to 70 metres (230 ft)) in the winter. Granular pugolovka is abundant along northern and eastern coasts around Ural and Volga rivers.
Life cycle
Benthophilus granulosus has a life span of about a year, and reaches maturity at about 6–7 months. It spawns during April through July in shallow waters. Benthophilus granulosus starts life as a "tadpole" and matures into a goby fish. The granular pugolovka life cycle is about a year, which is normally how long it takes for their spawning season to start after their birth. The granular pugolovka all die shortly after spawning with the females dying before the males due to the more costly act of laying eggs as opposed to the males role of releasing sperm.
Diet
Benthophilus granulosus is a bottom dweller and has a fairly limited diet or zoobenthos. They eat mysids, amphipods, bivalves, insects, and other foods.
== References ==
|
IUCN conservation status
|
{
"answer_start": [
195
],
"text": [
"Least Concern"
]
}
|
The granular pugolovka (Benthophilus granulosus) is a species of gobiid fish widespread in the Caspian Sea. It is a small fish, with a length up to 5.6 centimetres (2.2 in) TL. It was listed as Least Concern by the IUCN in 2008: there are no known major threats. Granular pugolovkas are very abundant in their habitat due to their size and lack of natural predators. The common name 'pugolovka' is a Ukrainian word for tadpole.
Description
Benthophilus granulosus has a flat head with a flat barbel on the chin that is often described as being leathery. The body colors depend on the habitat in which the fish lives. Benthophilus granulosus can be distinguished from its relatives by their body being covered in thorny granules which are closely compacted, containing three dark blotches on their midline. Benthophilus granulosus also has black dots on the head and back Granular pugolovka starts its life cycle off as a tadpole, this tadpole stage of life is identified by the body of this fish and the absence of scales. The body of the tadpole stage also is covered with variable sized bony portions protruding out of the body, which will eventually disappear in only the males who have reached sexual maturity.
Habitat
Benthophilus granulosus lives in both brackish and fresh waters; low-salinity zones seem to be preferred. It prefers river deltas and estuaries as well as shallow coastal waters (0.5 to 20 metres (1.6 to 65.6 ft)) in the summer, and moves deeper (down to 70 metres (230 ft)) in the winter. Granular pugolovka is abundant along northern and eastern coasts around Ural and Volga rivers.
Life cycle
Benthophilus granulosus has a life span of about a year, and reaches maturity at about 6–7 months. It spawns during April through July in shallow waters. Benthophilus granulosus starts life as a "tadpole" and matures into a goby fish. The granular pugolovka life cycle is about a year, which is normally how long it takes for their spawning season to start after their birth. The granular pugolovka all die shortly after spawning with the females dying before the males due to the more costly act of laying eggs as opposed to the males role of releasing sperm.
Diet
Benthophilus granulosus is a bottom dweller and has a fairly limited diet or zoobenthos. They eat mysids, amphipods, bivalves, insects, and other foods.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"Benthophilus granulosus"
]
}
|
The granular pugolovka (Benthophilus granulosus) is a species of gobiid fish widespread in the Caspian Sea. It is a small fish, with a length up to 5.6 centimetres (2.2 in) TL. It was listed as Least Concern by the IUCN in 2008: there are no known major threats. Granular pugolovkas are very abundant in their habitat due to their size and lack of natural predators. The common name 'pugolovka' is a Ukrainian word for tadpole.
Description
Benthophilus granulosus has a flat head with a flat barbel on the chin that is often described as being leathery. The body colors depend on the habitat in which the fish lives. Benthophilus granulosus can be distinguished from its relatives by their body being covered in thorny granules which are closely compacted, containing three dark blotches on their midline. Benthophilus granulosus also has black dots on the head and back Granular pugolovka starts its life cycle off as a tadpole, this tadpole stage of life is identified by the body of this fish and the absence of scales. The body of the tadpole stage also is covered with variable sized bony portions protruding out of the body, which will eventually disappear in only the males who have reached sexual maturity.
Habitat
Benthophilus granulosus lives in both brackish and fresh waters; low-salinity zones seem to be preferred. It prefers river deltas and estuaries as well as shallow coastal waters (0.5 to 20 metres (1.6 to 65.6 ft)) in the summer, and moves deeper (down to 70 metres (230 ft)) in the winter. Granular pugolovka is abundant along northern and eastern coasts around Ural and Volga rivers.
Life cycle
Benthophilus granulosus has a life span of about a year, and reaches maturity at about 6–7 months. It spawns during April through July in shallow waters. Benthophilus granulosus starts life as a "tadpole" and matures into a goby fish. The granular pugolovka life cycle is about a year, which is normally how long it takes for their spawning season to start after their birth. The granular pugolovka all die shortly after spawning with the females dying before the males due to the more costly act of laying eggs as opposed to the males role of releasing sperm.
Diet
Benthophilus granulosus is a bottom dweller and has a fairly limited diet or zoobenthos. They eat mysids, amphipods, bivalves, insects, and other foods.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"Benthophilus granulosus"
]
}
|
The 2001 European Grand Prix (formally the 2001 Warsteiner Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 June 2001 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2001 Formula One season. It is also the last race held on this layout, before the circuit was modified in 2002. The 67-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position. Juan Pablo Montoya finished second driving for Williams, with David Coulthard third driving for McLaren.
The race was Michael Schumacher's fifth win of the season, his third at the Nürburgring, and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to 24 points over Coulthard and 42 ahead of Rubens Barrichello. Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors' Championship, 41 points ahead of McLaren and 57 ahead of Williams, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Background
The Grand Prix was contested by 22 drivers, in eleven teams of two. The teams, also known as constructors, were Ferrari, McLaren, Williams, Benetton, BAR, Jordan, Arrows, Sauber, Jaguar, Minardi and Prost.Before the race, Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 58 points; McLaren driver David Coulthard was second on 40 points. Behind them in the Drivers' Championship, Rubens Barrichello was third on 24 points in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen on 22 and 8 points respectively. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari were leading on 82 points and McLaren were second on 48 points, with Williams third on 28 points.Following the Canadian Grand Prix on June 10, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Silverstone circuit from June 12–14. Jarno Trulli (Jordan) set the fastest time on the first day with Olivier Panis (BAR) topping the second day's running, setting a time of 1:22.803 and test driver Alexander Wurz (McLaren) was fastest on the final day, setting a time of 1:22.081, over six-tenths of a second faster than Häkkinen.There was one driver change heading into the race. Having missed the previous Grand Prix due to a headache and dizziness resulting from a crash at the second free practice session of the Canadian Grand Prix, Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen was declared fit to race by the FIA Medical Delegate Sid Watkins and returned to his seat taken over by temporary replacement Ricardo Zonta. Similarly, Jaguar driver Eddie Irvine was suffering from a strained neck and Sauber driver Nick Heidfeld was suffering from headaches; both were passed fit to race.In technical developments, Benetton announced that the team would use traction control on both their cars, which were tested during the Friday practice sessions.
Practice
Four practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—two on Friday, and two on Saturday. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted an hour. The third and final practice sessions were held on Saturday morning and lasted 45 minutes. The Friday practice sessions were held in overcast conditions, clearing up later in the day. Coulthard was fastest in the first session, with a time of 1:16.888, one-tenth of a second ahead of his teammate Häkkinen. The two Ferrari drivers were third and fourth; Michael Schumacher ahead of Barrichello. Trulli set the fifth fastest time, with Kimi Räikkönen and Panis, sixth and seventh fastest respectively, their best times one-thousandth of a second apart. Panis' teammate Jacques Villeneuve was eighth fastest. Heidfeld and Ralf Schumacher, completed the top ten. Irvine's Jaguar car was afflicted with a problem on his out-lap; this prevented him from setting a timed lap.In the second practice session, Häkkinen set the quickest lap of the day, a 1:16.408; Coulthard finished with the second fastest time. The Williams drivers were running quicker—Ralf Schumacher in third and Juan Pablo Montoya in sixth—they were separated by the Ferrari pair of Michael Schumacher and Barrichello, in fourth and fifth respectively. They were ahead of Trulli, Heidfeld, Jean Alesi and Panis.The Saturday morning practice sessions were again held in overcast conditions, albeit with scattered sunshine. In the third practice session, Michael Schumacher set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1:16.308, almost three-tenths of a second faster than Ralf Schumacher. The McLaren drivers ran slower—Häkkinen ahead of Coulthard. Barrichello and Montoya rounded off the top six positions. In the final practice session, Ralf Schumacher was fastest, setting a time of 1:15.355, almost four tenths of a second faster than Montoya. Barrichello set the third fastest time, with Häkkinen and Coulthard fourth and fifth respectively. Michael Schumacher, who set the sixth fastest time, suffered from an hydraulic problem, thus limited his running.
Qualifying
Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107 per cent of the quickest lap to qualify for the race. Each driver was limited to twelve laps. Michael Schumacher clinched his seventh pole position of the season, with a time of 1:14.960. He was joined on the front row by Ralf Schumacher, who was two tenths of a second behind. Montoya qualified in third ahead of Barrichello, who took fourth after struggling with his car's power steering early in the session. Coulthard and Häkkinen filled the third row of the grid, their best times six thousands of a second apart. The Jordan and Sauber drivers rounded out the top ten positions. Villeneuve qualified in 11th, was quicker than his teammate Panis in 13th. The Arrows and Minardi drivers qualified at the back of the grid, covering positions 18 to 22, with Jenson Button.
Qualifying classification
Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 09:30 (GMT +1) for a 30-minute warm-up session. Both Ferrari cars maintained their good performance from qualifying; Barrichello had the fastest time of 1:18.209; Michael Schumacher was second in the other Ferrari car. Ralf Schumacher was just off Michael Schumacher's pace, with Irvine rounding out the top four.
Race
The conditions were dry and sunny for the race with the air temperature ranging from 21 to 22 °C (70 to 72 °F) and the track temperature between 30 and 32 °C (86 and 90 °F); conditions were expected to remain consistent, although a 20% chance of rain was forecast. The race started at 14:00 local time. A total of approximately 150,000 spectators attended the race. Whilst on a reconnaissance lap, Michael Schumacher, driving a spare Ferrari car, failed to make the grid for which he commandeered a motor scooter back to the pit lane and took his racing car to the grid. Tarso Marques, from 22nd on the grid, stalled his Minardi car at the start of the formation lap.At the start, Michael Schumacher, Ralf Schumacher and Montoya all maintained their grid positions. Behind the leading trio, Barrichello made the worst start of the grid, moving from 4th to 7th place. Jos Verstappen, from 19th on the grid, made the best start, moving up five places to 14th position. At the completion of the first lap, Michael Schumacher led from Ralf Schumacher, Montoya, Coulthard, Häkkinen, Trulli, Barrichello, Heidfeld, Räikkönen and Frentzen.Michael Schumacher and Ralf Schumacher were the first two lead drivers to make pitstops by coming in on Lap 28. As Michael Schumacher entered the pitlane, he ran wide forcing him to cut in front of Ralf Schumacher. As both drivers exited the pitlane, Ralf Schumacher cut to the left of the pitlane, crossing over the white line upon exiting.As Michael Schumacher extended his lead, the stewards informed the Williams team that Ralf Schumacher would be served with a 10-second stop-go penalty. Ralf Schumacher took his penalty on Lap 39 and dropped from 2nd to 4th position.
Post-race
The top three drivers appeared on the podium and in the subsequent press conference. Michael Schumacher said was delighted with his race victory. He also revealed that Ferrari were doubtful about racing the spare car which was to be used for one installation lap.The race result left Michael Schumacher extending his lead in the Drivers' Championship with 68 points. Coulthard's was second on 44 points, eighteen points ahead of Barrichello and nineteen ahead of Ralf Schumacher. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari maintained their lead with 94 points, McLaren maintained second with 53 points, and Williams remained third on 37 points, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Race classification
Drivers who scored championship points are denoted in bold.
Championship standings after the race
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
}
|
The 2001 European Grand Prix (formally the 2001 Warsteiner Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 June 2001 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2001 Formula One season. It is also the last race held on this layout, before the circuit was modified in 2002. The 67-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position. Juan Pablo Montoya finished second driving for Williams, with David Coulthard third driving for McLaren.
The race was Michael Schumacher's fifth win of the season, his third at the Nürburgring, and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to 24 points over Coulthard and 42 ahead of Rubens Barrichello. Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors' Championship, 41 points ahead of McLaren and 57 ahead of Williams, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Background
The Grand Prix was contested by 22 drivers, in eleven teams of two. The teams, also known as constructors, were Ferrari, McLaren, Williams, Benetton, BAR, Jordan, Arrows, Sauber, Jaguar, Minardi and Prost.Before the race, Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 58 points; McLaren driver David Coulthard was second on 40 points. Behind them in the Drivers' Championship, Rubens Barrichello was third on 24 points in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen on 22 and 8 points respectively. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari were leading on 82 points and McLaren were second on 48 points, with Williams third on 28 points.Following the Canadian Grand Prix on June 10, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Silverstone circuit from June 12–14. Jarno Trulli (Jordan) set the fastest time on the first day with Olivier Panis (BAR) topping the second day's running, setting a time of 1:22.803 and test driver Alexander Wurz (McLaren) was fastest on the final day, setting a time of 1:22.081, over six-tenths of a second faster than Häkkinen.There was one driver change heading into the race. Having missed the previous Grand Prix due to a headache and dizziness resulting from a crash at the second free practice session of the Canadian Grand Prix, Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen was declared fit to race by the FIA Medical Delegate Sid Watkins and returned to his seat taken over by temporary replacement Ricardo Zonta. Similarly, Jaguar driver Eddie Irvine was suffering from a strained neck and Sauber driver Nick Heidfeld was suffering from headaches; both were passed fit to race.In technical developments, Benetton announced that the team would use traction control on both their cars, which were tested during the Friday practice sessions.
Practice
Four practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—two on Friday, and two on Saturday. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted an hour. The third and final practice sessions were held on Saturday morning and lasted 45 minutes. The Friday practice sessions were held in overcast conditions, clearing up later in the day. Coulthard was fastest in the first session, with a time of 1:16.888, one-tenth of a second ahead of his teammate Häkkinen. The two Ferrari drivers were third and fourth; Michael Schumacher ahead of Barrichello. Trulli set the fifth fastest time, with Kimi Räikkönen and Panis, sixth and seventh fastest respectively, their best times one-thousandth of a second apart. Panis' teammate Jacques Villeneuve was eighth fastest. Heidfeld and Ralf Schumacher, completed the top ten. Irvine's Jaguar car was afflicted with a problem on his out-lap; this prevented him from setting a timed lap.In the second practice session, Häkkinen set the quickest lap of the day, a 1:16.408; Coulthard finished with the second fastest time. The Williams drivers were running quicker—Ralf Schumacher in third and Juan Pablo Montoya in sixth—they were separated by the Ferrari pair of Michael Schumacher and Barrichello, in fourth and fifth respectively. They were ahead of Trulli, Heidfeld, Jean Alesi and Panis.The Saturday morning practice sessions were again held in overcast conditions, albeit with scattered sunshine. In the third practice session, Michael Schumacher set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1:16.308, almost three-tenths of a second faster than Ralf Schumacher. The McLaren drivers ran slower—Häkkinen ahead of Coulthard. Barrichello and Montoya rounded off the top six positions. In the final practice session, Ralf Schumacher was fastest, setting a time of 1:15.355, almost four tenths of a second faster than Montoya. Barrichello set the third fastest time, with Häkkinen and Coulthard fourth and fifth respectively. Michael Schumacher, who set the sixth fastest time, suffered from an hydraulic problem, thus limited his running.
Qualifying
Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107 per cent of the quickest lap to qualify for the race. Each driver was limited to twelve laps. Michael Schumacher clinched his seventh pole position of the season, with a time of 1:14.960. He was joined on the front row by Ralf Schumacher, who was two tenths of a second behind. Montoya qualified in third ahead of Barrichello, who took fourth after struggling with his car's power steering early in the session. Coulthard and Häkkinen filled the third row of the grid, their best times six thousands of a second apart. The Jordan and Sauber drivers rounded out the top ten positions. Villeneuve qualified in 11th, was quicker than his teammate Panis in 13th. The Arrows and Minardi drivers qualified at the back of the grid, covering positions 18 to 22, with Jenson Button.
Qualifying classification
Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 09:30 (GMT +1) for a 30-minute warm-up session. Both Ferrari cars maintained their good performance from qualifying; Barrichello had the fastest time of 1:18.209; Michael Schumacher was second in the other Ferrari car. Ralf Schumacher was just off Michael Schumacher's pace, with Irvine rounding out the top four.
Race
The conditions were dry and sunny for the race with the air temperature ranging from 21 to 22 °C (70 to 72 °F) and the track temperature between 30 and 32 °C (86 and 90 °F); conditions were expected to remain consistent, although a 20% chance of rain was forecast. The race started at 14:00 local time. A total of approximately 150,000 spectators attended the race. Whilst on a reconnaissance lap, Michael Schumacher, driving a spare Ferrari car, failed to make the grid for which he commandeered a motor scooter back to the pit lane and took his racing car to the grid. Tarso Marques, from 22nd on the grid, stalled his Minardi car at the start of the formation lap.At the start, Michael Schumacher, Ralf Schumacher and Montoya all maintained their grid positions. Behind the leading trio, Barrichello made the worst start of the grid, moving from 4th to 7th place. Jos Verstappen, from 19th on the grid, made the best start, moving up five places to 14th position. At the completion of the first lap, Michael Schumacher led from Ralf Schumacher, Montoya, Coulthard, Häkkinen, Trulli, Barrichello, Heidfeld, Räikkönen and Frentzen.Michael Schumacher and Ralf Schumacher were the first two lead drivers to make pitstops by coming in on Lap 28. As Michael Schumacher entered the pitlane, he ran wide forcing him to cut in front of Ralf Schumacher. As both drivers exited the pitlane, Ralf Schumacher cut to the left of the pitlane, crossing over the white line upon exiting.As Michael Schumacher extended his lead, the stewards informed the Williams team that Ralf Schumacher would be served with a 10-second stop-go penalty. Ralf Schumacher took his penalty on Lap 39 and dropped from 2nd to 4th position.
Post-race
The top three drivers appeared on the podium and in the subsequent press conference. Michael Schumacher said was delighted with his race victory. He also revealed that Ferrari were doubtful about racing the spare car which was to be used for one installation lap.The race result left Michael Schumacher extending his lead in the Drivers' Championship with 68 points. Coulthard's was second on 44 points, eighteen points ahead of Barrichello and nineteen ahead of Ralf Schumacher. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari maintained their lead with 94 points, McLaren maintained second with 53 points, and Williams remained third on 37 points, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Race classification
Drivers who scored championship points are denoted in bold.
Championship standings after the race
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"European Grand Prix"
]
}
|
The 2001 European Grand Prix (formally the 2001 Warsteiner Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 June 2001 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2001 Formula One season. It is also the last race held on this layout, before the circuit was modified in 2002. The 67-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position. Juan Pablo Montoya finished second driving for Williams, with David Coulthard third driving for McLaren.
The race was Michael Schumacher's fifth win of the season, his third at the Nürburgring, and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to 24 points over Coulthard and 42 ahead of Rubens Barrichello. Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors' Championship, 41 points ahead of McLaren and 57 ahead of Williams, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Background
The Grand Prix was contested by 22 drivers, in eleven teams of two. The teams, also known as constructors, were Ferrari, McLaren, Williams, Benetton, BAR, Jordan, Arrows, Sauber, Jaguar, Minardi and Prost.Before the race, Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 58 points; McLaren driver David Coulthard was second on 40 points. Behind them in the Drivers' Championship, Rubens Barrichello was third on 24 points in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen on 22 and 8 points respectively. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari were leading on 82 points and McLaren were second on 48 points, with Williams third on 28 points.Following the Canadian Grand Prix on June 10, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Silverstone circuit from June 12–14. Jarno Trulli (Jordan) set the fastest time on the first day with Olivier Panis (BAR) topping the second day's running, setting a time of 1:22.803 and test driver Alexander Wurz (McLaren) was fastest on the final day, setting a time of 1:22.081, over six-tenths of a second faster than Häkkinen.There was one driver change heading into the race. Having missed the previous Grand Prix due to a headache and dizziness resulting from a crash at the second free practice session of the Canadian Grand Prix, Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen was declared fit to race by the FIA Medical Delegate Sid Watkins and returned to his seat taken over by temporary replacement Ricardo Zonta. Similarly, Jaguar driver Eddie Irvine was suffering from a strained neck and Sauber driver Nick Heidfeld was suffering from headaches; both were passed fit to race.In technical developments, Benetton announced that the team would use traction control on both their cars, which were tested during the Friday practice sessions.
Practice
Four practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—two on Friday, and two on Saturday. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted an hour. The third and final practice sessions were held on Saturday morning and lasted 45 minutes. The Friday practice sessions were held in overcast conditions, clearing up later in the day. Coulthard was fastest in the first session, with a time of 1:16.888, one-tenth of a second ahead of his teammate Häkkinen. The two Ferrari drivers were third and fourth; Michael Schumacher ahead of Barrichello. Trulli set the fifth fastest time, with Kimi Räikkönen and Panis, sixth and seventh fastest respectively, their best times one-thousandth of a second apart. Panis' teammate Jacques Villeneuve was eighth fastest. Heidfeld and Ralf Schumacher, completed the top ten. Irvine's Jaguar car was afflicted with a problem on his out-lap; this prevented him from setting a timed lap.In the second practice session, Häkkinen set the quickest lap of the day, a 1:16.408; Coulthard finished with the second fastest time. The Williams drivers were running quicker—Ralf Schumacher in third and Juan Pablo Montoya in sixth—they were separated by the Ferrari pair of Michael Schumacher and Barrichello, in fourth and fifth respectively. They were ahead of Trulli, Heidfeld, Jean Alesi and Panis.The Saturday morning practice sessions were again held in overcast conditions, albeit with scattered sunshine. In the third practice session, Michael Schumacher set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1:16.308, almost three-tenths of a second faster than Ralf Schumacher. The McLaren drivers ran slower—Häkkinen ahead of Coulthard. Barrichello and Montoya rounded off the top six positions. In the final practice session, Ralf Schumacher was fastest, setting a time of 1:15.355, almost four tenths of a second faster than Montoya. Barrichello set the third fastest time, with Häkkinen and Coulthard fourth and fifth respectively. Michael Schumacher, who set the sixth fastest time, suffered from an hydraulic problem, thus limited his running.
Qualifying
Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107 per cent of the quickest lap to qualify for the race. Each driver was limited to twelve laps. Michael Schumacher clinched his seventh pole position of the season, with a time of 1:14.960. He was joined on the front row by Ralf Schumacher, who was two tenths of a second behind. Montoya qualified in third ahead of Barrichello, who took fourth after struggling with his car's power steering early in the session. Coulthard and Häkkinen filled the third row of the grid, their best times six thousands of a second apart. The Jordan and Sauber drivers rounded out the top ten positions. Villeneuve qualified in 11th, was quicker than his teammate Panis in 13th. The Arrows and Minardi drivers qualified at the back of the grid, covering positions 18 to 22, with Jenson Button.
Qualifying classification
Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 09:30 (GMT +1) for a 30-minute warm-up session. Both Ferrari cars maintained their good performance from qualifying; Barrichello had the fastest time of 1:18.209; Michael Schumacher was second in the other Ferrari car. Ralf Schumacher was just off Michael Schumacher's pace, with Irvine rounding out the top four.
Race
The conditions were dry and sunny for the race with the air temperature ranging from 21 to 22 °C (70 to 72 °F) and the track temperature between 30 and 32 °C (86 and 90 °F); conditions were expected to remain consistent, although a 20% chance of rain was forecast. The race started at 14:00 local time. A total of approximately 150,000 spectators attended the race. Whilst on a reconnaissance lap, Michael Schumacher, driving a spare Ferrari car, failed to make the grid for which he commandeered a motor scooter back to the pit lane and took his racing car to the grid. Tarso Marques, from 22nd on the grid, stalled his Minardi car at the start of the formation lap.At the start, Michael Schumacher, Ralf Schumacher and Montoya all maintained their grid positions. Behind the leading trio, Barrichello made the worst start of the grid, moving from 4th to 7th place. Jos Verstappen, from 19th on the grid, made the best start, moving up five places to 14th position. At the completion of the first lap, Michael Schumacher led from Ralf Schumacher, Montoya, Coulthard, Häkkinen, Trulli, Barrichello, Heidfeld, Räikkönen and Frentzen.Michael Schumacher and Ralf Schumacher were the first two lead drivers to make pitstops by coming in on Lap 28. As Michael Schumacher entered the pitlane, he ran wide forcing him to cut in front of Ralf Schumacher. As both drivers exited the pitlane, Ralf Schumacher cut to the left of the pitlane, crossing over the white line upon exiting.As Michael Schumacher extended his lead, the stewards informed the Williams team that Ralf Schumacher would be served with a 10-second stop-go penalty. Ralf Schumacher took his penalty on Lap 39 and dropped from 2nd to 4th position.
Post-race
The top three drivers appeared on the podium and in the subsequent press conference. Michael Schumacher said was delighted with his race victory. He also revealed that Ferrari were doubtful about racing the spare car which was to be used for one installation lap.The race result left Michael Schumacher extending his lead in the Drivers' Championship with 68 points. Coulthard's was second on 44 points, eighteen points ahead of Barrichello and nineteen ahead of Ralf Schumacher. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari maintained their lead with 94 points, McLaren maintained second with 53 points, and Williams remained third on 37 points, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Race classification
Drivers who scored championship points are denoted in bold.
Championship standings after the race
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
== References ==
|
location
|
{
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"Nürburgring"
]
}
|
The 2001 European Grand Prix (formally the 2001 Warsteiner Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 June 2001 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2001 Formula One season. It is also the last race held on this layout, before the circuit was modified in 2002. The 67-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position. Juan Pablo Montoya finished second driving for Williams, with David Coulthard third driving for McLaren.
The race was Michael Schumacher's fifth win of the season, his third at the Nürburgring, and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to 24 points over Coulthard and 42 ahead of Rubens Barrichello. Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors' Championship, 41 points ahead of McLaren and 57 ahead of Williams, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Background
The Grand Prix was contested by 22 drivers, in eleven teams of two. The teams, also known as constructors, were Ferrari, McLaren, Williams, Benetton, BAR, Jordan, Arrows, Sauber, Jaguar, Minardi and Prost.Before the race, Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 58 points; McLaren driver David Coulthard was second on 40 points. Behind them in the Drivers' Championship, Rubens Barrichello was third on 24 points in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen on 22 and 8 points respectively. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari were leading on 82 points and McLaren were second on 48 points, with Williams third on 28 points.Following the Canadian Grand Prix on June 10, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Silverstone circuit from June 12–14. Jarno Trulli (Jordan) set the fastest time on the first day with Olivier Panis (BAR) topping the second day's running, setting a time of 1:22.803 and test driver Alexander Wurz (McLaren) was fastest on the final day, setting a time of 1:22.081, over six-tenths of a second faster than Häkkinen.There was one driver change heading into the race. Having missed the previous Grand Prix due to a headache and dizziness resulting from a crash at the second free practice session of the Canadian Grand Prix, Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen was declared fit to race by the FIA Medical Delegate Sid Watkins and returned to his seat taken over by temporary replacement Ricardo Zonta. Similarly, Jaguar driver Eddie Irvine was suffering from a strained neck and Sauber driver Nick Heidfeld was suffering from headaches; both were passed fit to race.In technical developments, Benetton announced that the team would use traction control on both their cars, which were tested during the Friday practice sessions.
Practice
Four practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—two on Friday, and two on Saturday. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted an hour. The third and final practice sessions were held on Saturday morning and lasted 45 minutes. The Friday practice sessions were held in overcast conditions, clearing up later in the day. Coulthard was fastest in the first session, with a time of 1:16.888, one-tenth of a second ahead of his teammate Häkkinen. The two Ferrari drivers were third and fourth; Michael Schumacher ahead of Barrichello. Trulli set the fifth fastest time, with Kimi Räikkönen and Panis, sixth and seventh fastest respectively, their best times one-thousandth of a second apart. Panis' teammate Jacques Villeneuve was eighth fastest. Heidfeld and Ralf Schumacher, completed the top ten. Irvine's Jaguar car was afflicted with a problem on his out-lap; this prevented him from setting a timed lap.In the second practice session, Häkkinen set the quickest lap of the day, a 1:16.408; Coulthard finished with the second fastest time. The Williams drivers were running quicker—Ralf Schumacher in third and Juan Pablo Montoya in sixth—they were separated by the Ferrari pair of Michael Schumacher and Barrichello, in fourth and fifth respectively. They were ahead of Trulli, Heidfeld, Jean Alesi and Panis.The Saturday morning practice sessions were again held in overcast conditions, albeit with scattered sunshine. In the third practice session, Michael Schumacher set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1:16.308, almost three-tenths of a second faster than Ralf Schumacher. The McLaren drivers ran slower—Häkkinen ahead of Coulthard. Barrichello and Montoya rounded off the top six positions. In the final practice session, Ralf Schumacher was fastest, setting a time of 1:15.355, almost four tenths of a second faster than Montoya. Barrichello set the third fastest time, with Häkkinen and Coulthard fourth and fifth respectively. Michael Schumacher, who set the sixth fastest time, suffered from an hydraulic problem, thus limited his running.
Qualifying
Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107 per cent of the quickest lap to qualify for the race. Each driver was limited to twelve laps. Michael Schumacher clinched his seventh pole position of the season, with a time of 1:14.960. He was joined on the front row by Ralf Schumacher, who was two tenths of a second behind. Montoya qualified in third ahead of Barrichello, who took fourth after struggling with his car's power steering early in the session. Coulthard and Häkkinen filled the third row of the grid, their best times six thousands of a second apart. The Jordan and Sauber drivers rounded out the top ten positions. Villeneuve qualified in 11th, was quicker than his teammate Panis in 13th. The Arrows and Minardi drivers qualified at the back of the grid, covering positions 18 to 22, with Jenson Button.
Qualifying classification
Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 09:30 (GMT +1) for a 30-minute warm-up session. Both Ferrari cars maintained their good performance from qualifying; Barrichello had the fastest time of 1:18.209; Michael Schumacher was second in the other Ferrari car. Ralf Schumacher was just off Michael Schumacher's pace, with Irvine rounding out the top four.
Race
The conditions were dry and sunny for the race with the air temperature ranging from 21 to 22 °C (70 to 72 °F) and the track temperature between 30 and 32 °C (86 and 90 °F); conditions were expected to remain consistent, although a 20% chance of rain was forecast. The race started at 14:00 local time. A total of approximately 150,000 spectators attended the race. Whilst on a reconnaissance lap, Michael Schumacher, driving a spare Ferrari car, failed to make the grid for which he commandeered a motor scooter back to the pit lane and took his racing car to the grid. Tarso Marques, from 22nd on the grid, stalled his Minardi car at the start of the formation lap.At the start, Michael Schumacher, Ralf Schumacher and Montoya all maintained their grid positions. Behind the leading trio, Barrichello made the worst start of the grid, moving from 4th to 7th place. Jos Verstappen, from 19th on the grid, made the best start, moving up five places to 14th position. At the completion of the first lap, Michael Schumacher led from Ralf Schumacher, Montoya, Coulthard, Häkkinen, Trulli, Barrichello, Heidfeld, Räikkönen and Frentzen.Michael Schumacher and Ralf Schumacher were the first two lead drivers to make pitstops by coming in on Lap 28. As Michael Schumacher entered the pitlane, he ran wide forcing him to cut in front of Ralf Schumacher. As both drivers exited the pitlane, Ralf Schumacher cut to the left of the pitlane, crossing over the white line upon exiting.As Michael Schumacher extended his lead, the stewards informed the Williams team that Ralf Schumacher would be served with a 10-second stop-go penalty. Ralf Schumacher took his penalty on Lap 39 and dropped from 2nd to 4th position.
Post-race
The top three drivers appeared on the podium and in the subsequent press conference. Michael Schumacher said was delighted with his race victory. He also revealed that Ferrari were doubtful about racing the spare car which was to be used for one installation lap.The race result left Michael Schumacher extending his lead in the Drivers' Championship with 68 points. Coulthard's was second on 44 points, eighteen points ahead of Barrichello and nineteen ahead of Ralf Schumacher. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari maintained their lead with 94 points, McLaren maintained second with 53 points, and Williams remained third on 37 points, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Race classification
Drivers who scored championship points are denoted in bold.
Championship standings after the race
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"2001 European Grand Prix"
]
}
|
The 2001 European Grand Prix (formally the 2001 Warsteiner Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 June 2001 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2001 Formula One season. It is also the last race held on this layout, before the circuit was modified in 2002. The 67-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position. Juan Pablo Montoya finished second driving for Williams, with David Coulthard third driving for McLaren.
The race was Michael Schumacher's fifth win of the season, his third at the Nürburgring, and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to 24 points over Coulthard and 42 ahead of Rubens Barrichello. Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors' Championship, 41 points ahead of McLaren and 57 ahead of Williams, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Background
The Grand Prix was contested by 22 drivers, in eleven teams of two. The teams, also known as constructors, were Ferrari, McLaren, Williams, Benetton, BAR, Jordan, Arrows, Sauber, Jaguar, Minardi and Prost.Before the race, Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 58 points; McLaren driver David Coulthard was second on 40 points. Behind them in the Drivers' Championship, Rubens Barrichello was third on 24 points in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen on 22 and 8 points respectively. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari were leading on 82 points and McLaren were second on 48 points, with Williams third on 28 points.Following the Canadian Grand Prix on June 10, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Silverstone circuit from June 12–14. Jarno Trulli (Jordan) set the fastest time on the first day with Olivier Panis (BAR) topping the second day's running, setting a time of 1:22.803 and test driver Alexander Wurz (McLaren) was fastest on the final day, setting a time of 1:22.081, over six-tenths of a second faster than Häkkinen.There was one driver change heading into the race. Having missed the previous Grand Prix due to a headache and dizziness resulting from a crash at the second free practice session of the Canadian Grand Prix, Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen was declared fit to race by the FIA Medical Delegate Sid Watkins and returned to his seat taken over by temporary replacement Ricardo Zonta. Similarly, Jaguar driver Eddie Irvine was suffering from a strained neck and Sauber driver Nick Heidfeld was suffering from headaches; both were passed fit to race.In technical developments, Benetton announced that the team would use traction control on both their cars, which were tested during the Friday practice sessions.
Practice
Four practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—two on Friday, and two on Saturday. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted an hour. The third and final practice sessions were held on Saturday morning and lasted 45 minutes. The Friday practice sessions were held in overcast conditions, clearing up later in the day. Coulthard was fastest in the first session, with a time of 1:16.888, one-tenth of a second ahead of his teammate Häkkinen. The two Ferrari drivers were third and fourth; Michael Schumacher ahead of Barrichello. Trulli set the fifth fastest time, with Kimi Räikkönen and Panis, sixth and seventh fastest respectively, their best times one-thousandth of a second apart. Panis' teammate Jacques Villeneuve was eighth fastest. Heidfeld and Ralf Schumacher, completed the top ten. Irvine's Jaguar car was afflicted with a problem on his out-lap; this prevented him from setting a timed lap.In the second practice session, Häkkinen set the quickest lap of the day, a 1:16.408; Coulthard finished with the second fastest time. The Williams drivers were running quicker—Ralf Schumacher in third and Juan Pablo Montoya in sixth—they were separated by the Ferrari pair of Michael Schumacher and Barrichello, in fourth and fifth respectively. They were ahead of Trulli, Heidfeld, Jean Alesi and Panis.The Saturday morning practice sessions were again held in overcast conditions, albeit with scattered sunshine. In the third practice session, Michael Schumacher set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1:16.308, almost three-tenths of a second faster than Ralf Schumacher. The McLaren drivers ran slower—Häkkinen ahead of Coulthard. Barrichello and Montoya rounded off the top six positions. In the final practice session, Ralf Schumacher was fastest, setting a time of 1:15.355, almost four tenths of a second faster than Montoya. Barrichello set the third fastest time, with Häkkinen and Coulthard fourth and fifth respectively. Michael Schumacher, who set the sixth fastest time, suffered from an hydraulic problem, thus limited his running.
Qualifying
Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107 per cent of the quickest lap to qualify for the race. Each driver was limited to twelve laps. Michael Schumacher clinched his seventh pole position of the season, with a time of 1:14.960. He was joined on the front row by Ralf Schumacher, who was two tenths of a second behind. Montoya qualified in third ahead of Barrichello, who took fourth after struggling with his car's power steering early in the session. Coulthard and Häkkinen filled the third row of the grid, their best times six thousands of a second apart. The Jordan and Sauber drivers rounded out the top ten positions. Villeneuve qualified in 11th, was quicker than his teammate Panis in 13th. The Arrows and Minardi drivers qualified at the back of the grid, covering positions 18 to 22, with Jenson Button.
Qualifying classification
Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 09:30 (GMT +1) for a 30-minute warm-up session. Both Ferrari cars maintained their good performance from qualifying; Barrichello had the fastest time of 1:18.209; Michael Schumacher was second in the other Ferrari car. Ralf Schumacher was just off Michael Schumacher's pace, with Irvine rounding out the top four.
Race
The conditions were dry and sunny for the race with the air temperature ranging from 21 to 22 °C (70 to 72 °F) and the track temperature between 30 and 32 °C (86 and 90 °F); conditions were expected to remain consistent, although a 20% chance of rain was forecast. The race started at 14:00 local time. A total of approximately 150,000 spectators attended the race. Whilst on a reconnaissance lap, Michael Schumacher, driving a spare Ferrari car, failed to make the grid for which he commandeered a motor scooter back to the pit lane and took his racing car to the grid. Tarso Marques, from 22nd on the grid, stalled his Minardi car at the start of the formation lap.At the start, Michael Schumacher, Ralf Schumacher and Montoya all maintained their grid positions. Behind the leading trio, Barrichello made the worst start of the grid, moving from 4th to 7th place. Jos Verstappen, from 19th on the grid, made the best start, moving up five places to 14th position. At the completion of the first lap, Michael Schumacher led from Ralf Schumacher, Montoya, Coulthard, Häkkinen, Trulli, Barrichello, Heidfeld, Räikkönen and Frentzen.Michael Schumacher and Ralf Schumacher were the first two lead drivers to make pitstops by coming in on Lap 28. As Michael Schumacher entered the pitlane, he ran wide forcing him to cut in front of Ralf Schumacher. As both drivers exited the pitlane, Ralf Schumacher cut to the left of the pitlane, crossing over the white line upon exiting.As Michael Schumacher extended his lead, the stewards informed the Williams team that Ralf Schumacher would be served with a 10-second stop-go penalty. Ralf Schumacher took his penalty on Lap 39 and dropped from 2nd to 4th position.
Post-race
The top three drivers appeared on the podium and in the subsequent press conference. Michael Schumacher said was delighted with his race victory. He also revealed that Ferrari were doubtful about racing the spare car which was to be used for one installation lap.The race result left Michael Schumacher extending his lead in the Drivers' Championship with 68 points. Coulthard's was second on 44 points, eighteen points ahead of Barrichello and nineteen ahead of Ralf Schumacher. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari maintained their lead with 94 points, McLaren maintained second with 53 points, and Williams remained third on 37 points, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Race classification
Drivers who scored championship points are denoted in bold.
Championship standings after the race
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
== References ==
|
winner
|
{
"answer_start": [
337
],
"text": [
"Michael Schumacher"
]
}
|
The 2001 European Grand Prix (formally the 2001 Warsteiner Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 June 2001 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2001 Formula One season. It is also the last race held on this layout, before the circuit was modified in 2002. The 67-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position. Juan Pablo Montoya finished second driving for Williams, with David Coulthard third driving for McLaren.
The race was Michael Schumacher's fifth win of the season, his third at the Nürburgring, and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to 24 points over Coulthard and 42 ahead of Rubens Barrichello. Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors' Championship, 41 points ahead of McLaren and 57 ahead of Williams, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Background
The Grand Prix was contested by 22 drivers, in eleven teams of two. The teams, also known as constructors, were Ferrari, McLaren, Williams, Benetton, BAR, Jordan, Arrows, Sauber, Jaguar, Minardi and Prost.Before the race, Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 58 points; McLaren driver David Coulthard was second on 40 points. Behind them in the Drivers' Championship, Rubens Barrichello was third on 24 points in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen on 22 and 8 points respectively. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari were leading on 82 points and McLaren were second on 48 points, with Williams third on 28 points.Following the Canadian Grand Prix on June 10, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Silverstone circuit from June 12–14. Jarno Trulli (Jordan) set the fastest time on the first day with Olivier Panis (BAR) topping the second day's running, setting a time of 1:22.803 and test driver Alexander Wurz (McLaren) was fastest on the final day, setting a time of 1:22.081, over six-tenths of a second faster than Häkkinen.There was one driver change heading into the race. Having missed the previous Grand Prix due to a headache and dizziness resulting from a crash at the second free practice session of the Canadian Grand Prix, Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen was declared fit to race by the FIA Medical Delegate Sid Watkins and returned to his seat taken over by temporary replacement Ricardo Zonta. Similarly, Jaguar driver Eddie Irvine was suffering from a strained neck and Sauber driver Nick Heidfeld was suffering from headaches; both were passed fit to race.In technical developments, Benetton announced that the team would use traction control on both their cars, which were tested during the Friday practice sessions.
Practice
Four practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—two on Friday, and two on Saturday. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted an hour. The third and final practice sessions were held on Saturday morning and lasted 45 minutes. The Friday practice sessions were held in overcast conditions, clearing up later in the day. Coulthard was fastest in the first session, with a time of 1:16.888, one-tenth of a second ahead of his teammate Häkkinen. The two Ferrari drivers were third and fourth; Michael Schumacher ahead of Barrichello. Trulli set the fifth fastest time, with Kimi Räikkönen and Panis, sixth and seventh fastest respectively, their best times one-thousandth of a second apart. Panis' teammate Jacques Villeneuve was eighth fastest. Heidfeld and Ralf Schumacher, completed the top ten. Irvine's Jaguar car was afflicted with a problem on his out-lap; this prevented him from setting a timed lap.In the second practice session, Häkkinen set the quickest lap of the day, a 1:16.408; Coulthard finished with the second fastest time. The Williams drivers were running quicker—Ralf Schumacher in third and Juan Pablo Montoya in sixth—they were separated by the Ferrari pair of Michael Schumacher and Barrichello, in fourth and fifth respectively. They were ahead of Trulli, Heidfeld, Jean Alesi and Panis.The Saturday morning practice sessions were again held in overcast conditions, albeit with scattered sunshine. In the third practice session, Michael Schumacher set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1:16.308, almost three-tenths of a second faster than Ralf Schumacher. The McLaren drivers ran slower—Häkkinen ahead of Coulthard. Barrichello and Montoya rounded off the top six positions. In the final practice session, Ralf Schumacher was fastest, setting a time of 1:15.355, almost four tenths of a second faster than Montoya. Barrichello set the third fastest time, with Häkkinen and Coulthard fourth and fifth respectively. Michael Schumacher, who set the sixth fastest time, suffered from an hydraulic problem, thus limited his running.
Qualifying
Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107 per cent of the quickest lap to qualify for the race. Each driver was limited to twelve laps. Michael Schumacher clinched his seventh pole position of the season, with a time of 1:14.960. He was joined on the front row by Ralf Schumacher, who was two tenths of a second behind. Montoya qualified in third ahead of Barrichello, who took fourth after struggling with his car's power steering early in the session. Coulthard and Häkkinen filled the third row of the grid, their best times six thousands of a second apart. The Jordan and Sauber drivers rounded out the top ten positions. Villeneuve qualified in 11th, was quicker than his teammate Panis in 13th. The Arrows and Minardi drivers qualified at the back of the grid, covering positions 18 to 22, with Jenson Button.
Qualifying classification
Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 09:30 (GMT +1) for a 30-minute warm-up session. Both Ferrari cars maintained their good performance from qualifying; Barrichello had the fastest time of 1:18.209; Michael Schumacher was second in the other Ferrari car. Ralf Schumacher was just off Michael Schumacher's pace, with Irvine rounding out the top four.
Race
The conditions were dry and sunny for the race with the air temperature ranging from 21 to 22 °C (70 to 72 °F) and the track temperature between 30 and 32 °C (86 and 90 °F); conditions were expected to remain consistent, although a 20% chance of rain was forecast. The race started at 14:00 local time. A total of approximately 150,000 spectators attended the race. Whilst on a reconnaissance lap, Michael Schumacher, driving a spare Ferrari car, failed to make the grid for which he commandeered a motor scooter back to the pit lane and took his racing car to the grid. Tarso Marques, from 22nd on the grid, stalled his Minardi car at the start of the formation lap.At the start, Michael Schumacher, Ralf Schumacher and Montoya all maintained their grid positions. Behind the leading trio, Barrichello made the worst start of the grid, moving from 4th to 7th place. Jos Verstappen, from 19th on the grid, made the best start, moving up five places to 14th position. At the completion of the first lap, Michael Schumacher led from Ralf Schumacher, Montoya, Coulthard, Häkkinen, Trulli, Barrichello, Heidfeld, Räikkönen and Frentzen.Michael Schumacher and Ralf Schumacher were the first two lead drivers to make pitstops by coming in on Lap 28. As Michael Schumacher entered the pitlane, he ran wide forcing him to cut in front of Ralf Schumacher. As both drivers exited the pitlane, Ralf Schumacher cut to the left of the pitlane, crossing over the white line upon exiting.As Michael Schumacher extended his lead, the stewards informed the Williams team that Ralf Schumacher would be served with a 10-second stop-go penalty. Ralf Schumacher took his penalty on Lap 39 and dropped from 2nd to 4th position.
Post-race
The top three drivers appeared on the podium and in the subsequent press conference. Michael Schumacher said was delighted with his race victory. He also revealed that Ferrari were doubtful about racing the spare car which was to be used for one installation lap.The race result left Michael Schumacher extending his lead in the Drivers' Championship with 68 points. Coulthard's was second on 44 points, eighteen points ahead of Barrichello and nineteen ahead of Ralf Schumacher. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari maintained their lead with 94 points, McLaren maintained second with 53 points, and Williams remained third on 37 points, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Race classification
Drivers who scored championship points are denoted in bold.
Championship standings after the race
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
== References ==
|
event distance
|
{
"answer_start": [
314
],
"text": [
"67"
]
}
|
The 2001 European Grand Prix (formally the 2001 Warsteiner Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 June 2001 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2001 Formula One season. It is also the last race held on this layout, before the circuit was modified in 2002. The 67-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position. Juan Pablo Montoya finished second driving for Williams, with David Coulthard third driving for McLaren.
The race was Michael Schumacher's fifth win of the season, his third at the Nürburgring, and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to 24 points over Coulthard and 42 ahead of Rubens Barrichello. Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors' Championship, 41 points ahead of McLaren and 57 ahead of Williams, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Background
The Grand Prix was contested by 22 drivers, in eleven teams of two. The teams, also known as constructors, were Ferrari, McLaren, Williams, Benetton, BAR, Jordan, Arrows, Sauber, Jaguar, Minardi and Prost.Before the race, Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 58 points; McLaren driver David Coulthard was second on 40 points. Behind them in the Drivers' Championship, Rubens Barrichello was third on 24 points in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen on 22 and 8 points respectively. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari were leading on 82 points and McLaren were second on 48 points, with Williams third on 28 points.Following the Canadian Grand Prix on June 10, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Silverstone circuit from June 12–14. Jarno Trulli (Jordan) set the fastest time on the first day with Olivier Panis (BAR) topping the second day's running, setting a time of 1:22.803 and test driver Alexander Wurz (McLaren) was fastest on the final day, setting a time of 1:22.081, over six-tenths of a second faster than Häkkinen.There was one driver change heading into the race. Having missed the previous Grand Prix due to a headache and dizziness resulting from a crash at the second free practice session of the Canadian Grand Prix, Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen was declared fit to race by the FIA Medical Delegate Sid Watkins and returned to his seat taken over by temporary replacement Ricardo Zonta. Similarly, Jaguar driver Eddie Irvine was suffering from a strained neck and Sauber driver Nick Heidfeld was suffering from headaches; both were passed fit to race.In technical developments, Benetton announced that the team would use traction control on both their cars, which were tested during the Friday practice sessions.
Practice
Four practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—two on Friday, and two on Saturday. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted an hour. The third and final practice sessions were held on Saturday morning and lasted 45 minutes. The Friday practice sessions were held in overcast conditions, clearing up later in the day. Coulthard was fastest in the first session, with a time of 1:16.888, one-tenth of a second ahead of his teammate Häkkinen. The two Ferrari drivers were third and fourth; Michael Schumacher ahead of Barrichello. Trulli set the fifth fastest time, with Kimi Räikkönen and Panis, sixth and seventh fastest respectively, their best times one-thousandth of a second apart. Panis' teammate Jacques Villeneuve was eighth fastest. Heidfeld and Ralf Schumacher, completed the top ten. Irvine's Jaguar car was afflicted with a problem on his out-lap; this prevented him from setting a timed lap.In the second practice session, Häkkinen set the quickest lap of the day, a 1:16.408; Coulthard finished with the second fastest time. The Williams drivers were running quicker—Ralf Schumacher in third and Juan Pablo Montoya in sixth—they were separated by the Ferrari pair of Michael Schumacher and Barrichello, in fourth and fifth respectively. They were ahead of Trulli, Heidfeld, Jean Alesi and Panis.The Saturday morning practice sessions were again held in overcast conditions, albeit with scattered sunshine. In the third practice session, Michael Schumacher set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1:16.308, almost three-tenths of a second faster than Ralf Schumacher. The McLaren drivers ran slower—Häkkinen ahead of Coulthard. Barrichello and Montoya rounded off the top six positions. In the final practice session, Ralf Schumacher was fastest, setting a time of 1:15.355, almost four tenths of a second faster than Montoya. Barrichello set the third fastest time, with Häkkinen and Coulthard fourth and fifth respectively. Michael Schumacher, who set the sixth fastest time, suffered from an hydraulic problem, thus limited his running.
Qualifying
Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107 per cent of the quickest lap to qualify for the race. Each driver was limited to twelve laps. Michael Schumacher clinched his seventh pole position of the season, with a time of 1:14.960. He was joined on the front row by Ralf Schumacher, who was two tenths of a second behind. Montoya qualified in third ahead of Barrichello, who took fourth after struggling with his car's power steering early in the session. Coulthard and Häkkinen filled the third row of the grid, their best times six thousands of a second apart. The Jordan and Sauber drivers rounded out the top ten positions. Villeneuve qualified in 11th, was quicker than his teammate Panis in 13th. The Arrows and Minardi drivers qualified at the back of the grid, covering positions 18 to 22, with Jenson Button.
Qualifying classification
Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 09:30 (GMT +1) for a 30-minute warm-up session. Both Ferrari cars maintained their good performance from qualifying; Barrichello had the fastest time of 1:18.209; Michael Schumacher was second in the other Ferrari car. Ralf Schumacher was just off Michael Schumacher's pace, with Irvine rounding out the top four.
Race
The conditions were dry and sunny for the race with the air temperature ranging from 21 to 22 °C (70 to 72 °F) and the track temperature between 30 and 32 °C (86 and 90 °F); conditions were expected to remain consistent, although a 20% chance of rain was forecast. The race started at 14:00 local time. A total of approximately 150,000 spectators attended the race. Whilst on a reconnaissance lap, Michael Schumacher, driving a spare Ferrari car, failed to make the grid for which he commandeered a motor scooter back to the pit lane and took his racing car to the grid. Tarso Marques, from 22nd on the grid, stalled his Minardi car at the start of the formation lap.At the start, Michael Schumacher, Ralf Schumacher and Montoya all maintained their grid positions. Behind the leading trio, Barrichello made the worst start of the grid, moving from 4th to 7th place. Jos Verstappen, from 19th on the grid, made the best start, moving up five places to 14th position. At the completion of the first lap, Michael Schumacher led from Ralf Schumacher, Montoya, Coulthard, Häkkinen, Trulli, Barrichello, Heidfeld, Räikkönen and Frentzen.Michael Schumacher and Ralf Schumacher were the first two lead drivers to make pitstops by coming in on Lap 28. As Michael Schumacher entered the pitlane, he ran wide forcing him to cut in front of Ralf Schumacher. As both drivers exited the pitlane, Ralf Schumacher cut to the left of the pitlane, crossing over the white line upon exiting.As Michael Schumacher extended his lead, the stewards informed the Williams team that Ralf Schumacher would be served with a 10-second stop-go penalty. Ralf Schumacher took his penalty on Lap 39 and dropped from 2nd to 4th position.
Post-race
The top three drivers appeared on the podium and in the subsequent press conference. Michael Schumacher said was delighted with his race victory. He also revealed that Ferrari were doubtful about racing the spare car which was to be used for one installation lap.The race result left Michael Schumacher extending his lead in the Drivers' Championship with 68 points. Coulthard's was second on 44 points, eighteen points ahead of Barrichello and nineteen ahead of Ralf Schumacher. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari maintained their lead with 94 points, McLaren maintained second with 53 points, and Williams remained third on 37 points, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Race classification
Drivers who scored championship points are denoted in bold.
Championship standings after the race
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
== References ==
|
pole position
|
{
"answer_start": [
337
],
"text": [
"Michael Schumacher"
]
}
|
The 2001 European Grand Prix (formally the 2001 Warsteiner Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 June 2001 at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany. It was the ninth race of the 2001 Formula One season. It is also the last race held on this layout, before the circuit was modified in 2002. The 67-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position. Juan Pablo Montoya finished second driving for Williams, with David Coulthard third driving for McLaren.
The race was Michael Schumacher's fifth win of the season, his third at the Nürburgring, and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to 24 points over Coulthard and 42 ahead of Rubens Barrichello. Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors' Championship, 41 points ahead of McLaren and 57 ahead of Williams, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Background
The Grand Prix was contested by 22 drivers, in eleven teams of two. The teams, also known as constructors, were Ferrari, McLaren, Williams, Benetton, BAR, Jordan, Arrows, Sauber, Jaguar, Minardi and Prost.Before the race, Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 58 points; McLaren driver David Coulthard was second on 40 points. Behind them in the Drivers' Championship, Rubens Barrichello was third on 24 points in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen on 22 and 8 points respectively. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari were leading on 82 points and McLaren were second on 48 points, with Williams third on 28 points.Following the Canadian Grand Prix on June 10, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Silverstone circuit from June 12–14. Jarno Trulli (Jordan) set the fastest time on the first day with Olivier Panis (BAR) topping the second day's running, setting a time of 1:22.803 and test driver Alexander Wurz (McLaren) was fastest on the final day, setting a time of 1:22.081, over six-tenths of a second faster than Häkkinen.There was one driver change heading into the race. Having missed the previous Grand Prix due to a headache and dizziness resulting from a crash at the second free practice session of the Canadian Grand Prix, Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen was declared fit to race by the FIA Medical Delegate Sid Watkins and returned to his seat taken over by temporary replacement Ricardo Zonta. Similarly, Jaguar driver Eddie Irvine was suffering from a strained neck and Sauber driver Nick Heidfeld was suffering from headaches; both were passed fit to race.In technical developments, Benetton announced that the team would use traction control on both their cars, which were tested during the Friday practice sessions.
Practice
Four practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—two on Friday, and two on Saturday. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted an hour. The third and final practice sessions were held on Saturday morning and lasted 45 minutes. The Friday practice sessions were held in overcast conditions, clearing up later in the day. Coulthard was fastest in the first session, with a time of 1:16.888, one-tenth of a second ahead of his teammate Häkkinen. The two Ferrari drivers were third and fourth; Michael Schumacher ahead of Barrichello. Trulli set the fifth fastest time, with Kimi Räikkönen and Panis, sixth and seventh fastest respectively, their best times one-thousandth of a second apart. Panis' teammate Jacques Villeneuve was eighth fastest. Heidfeld and Ralf Schumacher, completed the top ten. Irvine's Jaguar car was afflicted with a problem on his out-lap; this prevented him from setting a timed lap.In the second practice session, Häkkinen set the quickest lap of the day, a 1:16.408; Coulthard finished with the second fastest time. The Williams drivers were running quicker—Ralf Schumacher in third and Juan Pablo Montoya in sixth—they were separated by the Ferrari pair of Michael Schumacher and Barrichello, in fourth and fifth respectively. They were ahead of Trulli, Heidfeld, Jean Alesi and Panis.The Saturday morning practice sessions were again held in overcast conditions, albeit with scattered sunshine. In the third practice session, Michael Schumacher set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1:16.308, almost three-tenths of a second faster than Ralf Schumacher. The McLaren drivers ran slower—Häkkinen ahead of Coulthard. Barrichello and Montoya rounded off the top six positions. In the final practice session, Ralf Schumacher was fastest, setting a time of 1:15.355, almost four tenths of a second faster than Montoya. Barrichello set the third fastest time, with Häkkinen and Coulthard fourth and fifth respectively. Michael Schumacher, who set the sixth fastest time, suffered from an hydraulic problem, thus limited his running.
Qualifying
Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107 per cent of the quickest lap to qualify for the race. Each driver was limited to twelve laps. Michael Schumacher clinched his seventh pole position of the season, with a time of 1:14.960. He was joined on the front row by Ralf Schumacher, who was two tenths of a second behind. Montoya qualified in third ahead of Barrichello, who took fourth after struggling with his car's power steering early in the session. Coulthard and Häkkinen filled the third row of the grid, their best times six thousands of a second apart. The Jordan and Sauber drivers rounded out the top ten positions. Villeneuve qualified in 11th, was quicker than his teammate Panis in 13th. The Arrows and Minardi drivers qualified at the back of the grid, covering positions 18 to 22, with Jenson Button.
Qualifying classification
Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 09:30 (GMT +1) for a 30-minute warm-up session. Both Ferrari cars maintained their good performance from qualifying; Barrichello had the fastest time of 1:18.209; Michael Schumacher was second in the other Ferrari car. Ralf Schumacher was just off Michael Schumacher's pace, with Irvine rounding out the top four.
Race
The conditions were dry and sunny for the race with the air temperature ranging from 21 to 22 °C (70 to 72 °F) and the track temperature between 30 and 32 °C (86 and 90 °F); conditions were expected to remain consistent, although a 20% chance of rain was forecast. The race started at 14:00 local time. A total of approximately 150,000 spectators attended the race. Whilst on a reconnaissance lap, Michael Schumacher, driving a spare Ferrari car, failed to make the grid for which he commandeered a motor scooter back to the pit lane and took his racing car to the grid. Tarso Marques, from 22nd on the grid, stalled his Minardi car at the start of the formation lap.At the start, Michael Schumacher, Ralf Schumacher and Montoya all maintained their grid positions. Behind the leading trio, Barrichello made the worst start of the grid, moving from 4th to 7th place. Jos Verstappen, from 19th on the grid, made the best start, moving up five places to 14th position. At the completion of the first lap, Michael Schumacher led from Ralf Schumacher, Montoya, Coulthard, Häkkinen, Trulli, Barrichello, Heidfeld, Räikkönen and Frentzen.Michael Schumacher and Ralf Schumacher were the first two lead drivers to make pitstops by coming in on Lap 28. As Michael Schumacher entered the pitlane, he ran wide forcing him to cut in front of Ralf Schumacher. As both drivers exited the pitlane, Ralf Schumacher cut to the left of the pitlane, crossing over the white line upon exiting.As Michael Schumacher extended his lead, the stewards informed the Williams team that Ralf Schumacher would be served with a 10-second stop-go penalty. Ralf Schumacher took his penalty on Lap 39 and dropped from 2nd to 4th position.
Post-race
The top three drivers appeared on the podium and in the subsequent press conference. Michael Schumacher said was delighted with his race victory. He also revealed that Ferrari were doubtful about racing the spare car which was to be used for one installation lap.The race result left Michael Schumacher extending his lead in the Drivers' Championship with 68 points. Coulthard's was second on 44 points, eighteen points ahead of Barrichello and nineteen ahead of Ralf Schumacher. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari maintained their lead with 94 points, McLaren maintained second with 53 points, and Williams remained third on 37 points, with 8 races of the season remaining.
Race classification
Drivers who scored championship points are denoted in bold.
Championship standings after the race
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
== References ==
|
fastest lap
|
{
"answer_start": [
411
],
"text": [
"Juan Pablo Montoya"
]
}
|
Rademacher is an occupational surname of German origin, which means "wheelmaker". It may refer to:
People
Arthur Rademacher (1889–1981), Australian football player
Autumn Rademacher (born 1975), American basketball coach
Bill Rademacher (born 1942), American football player
Debbie Rademacher (born 1966), American soccer player
Erich Rademacher (1901–1979), German swimmer
Franz Rademacher (1906–1973), German diplomat
Hans Rademacher (1892–1969), German-born American mathematician
Ingo Rademacher (born 1971), Australian actor
Isaac Rademacher (born 1977), American soldier
Joachim Rademacher (1906–1970), German water polo player
Joseph Rademacher (bishop) (1840–1900), American bishop
Joseph Rademacher (soldier) (born 1985), American soldier
Mark Rademacher (1963–1983), American soldier
Pete Rademacher (1928-2020), American boxer
Rudolf Rademacher (1913–1953), German pilot
Other uses
House of Rademacher, German noble family
Rademacher (band)
Rademacher complexity, a statistical measure
Rademacher distribution, a probability distribution in statistics
Rademacher system, a statistical system of functions
Rademacher's theorem, a statistical theorem in measure theory
See also
Radermacher
Rademaker
|
language of work or name
|
{
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"German"
]
}
|
Rademacher is an occupational surname of German origin, which means "wheelmaker". It may refer to:
People
Arthur Rademacher (1889–1981), Australian football player
Autumn Rademacher (born 1975), American basketball coach
Bill Rademacher (born 1942), American football player
Debbie Rademacher (born 1966), American soccer player
Erich Rademacher (1901–1979), German swimmer
Franz Rademacher (1906–1973), German diplomat
Hans Rademacher (1892–1969), German-born American mathematician
Ingo Rademacher (born 1971), Australian actor
Isaac Rademacher (born 1977), American soldier
Joachim Rademacher (1906–1970), German water polo player
Joseph Rademacher (bishop) (1840–1900), American bishop
Joseph Rademacher (soldier) (born 1985), American soldier
Mark Rademacher (1963–1983), American soldier
Pete Rademacher (1928-2020), American boxer
Rudolf Rademacher (1913–1953), German pilot
Other uses
House of Rademacher, German noble family
Rademacher (band)
Rademacher complexity, a statistical measure
Rademacher distribution, a probability distribution in statistics
Rademacher system, a statistical system of functions
Rademacher's theorem, a statistical theorem in measure theory
See also
Radermacher
Rademaker
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Rademacher"
]
}
|
Rademacher is an occupational surname of German origin, which means "wheelmaker". It may refer to:
People
Arthur Rademacher (1889–1981), Australian football player
Autumn Rademacher (born 1975), American basketball coach
Bill Rademacher (born 1942), American football player
Debbie Rademacher (born 1966), American soccer player
Erich Rademacher (1901–1979), German swimmer
Franz Rademacher (1906–1973), German diplomat
Hans Rademacher (1892–1969), German-born American mathematician
Ingo Rademacher (born 1971), Australian actor
Isaac Rademacher (born 1977), American soldier
Joachim Rademacher (1906–1970), German water polo player
Joseph Rademacher (bishop) (1840–1900), American bishop
Joseph Rademacher (soldier) (born 1985), American soldier
Mark Rademacher (1963–1983), American soldier
Pete Rademacher (1928-2020), American boxer
Rudolf Rademacher (1913–1953), German pilot
Other uses
House of Rademacher, German noble family
Rademacher (band)
Rademacher complexity, a statistical measure
Rademacher distribution, a probability distribution in statistics
Rademacher system, a statistical system of functions
Rademacher's theorem, a statistical theorem in measure theory
See also
Radermacher
Rademaker
|
different from
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Rademacher"
]
}
|
Rademacher is an occupational surname of German origin, which means "wheelmaker". It may refer to:
People
Arthur Rademacher (1889–1981), Australian football player
Autumn Rademacher (born 1975), American basketball coach
Bill Rademacher (born 1942), American football player
Debbie Rademacher (born 1966), American soccer player
Erich Rademacher (1901–1979), German swimmer
Franz Rademacher (1906–1973), German diplomat
Hans Rademacher (1892–1969), German-born American mathematician
Ingo Rademacher (born 1971), Australian actor
Isaac Rademacher (born 1977), American soldier
Joachim Rademacher (1906–1970), German water polo player
Joseph Rademacher (bishop) (1840–1900), American bishop
Joseph Rademacher (soldier) (born 1985), American soldier
Mark Rademacher (1963–1983), American soldier
Pete Rademacher (1928-2020), American boxer
Rudolf Rademacher (1913–1953), German pilot
Other uses
House of Rademacher, German noble family
Rademacher (band)
Rademacher complexity, a statistical measure
Rademacher distribution, a probability distribution in statistics
Rademacher system, a statistical system of functions
Rademacher's theorem, a statistical theorem in measure theory
See also
Radermacher
Rademaker
|
Last.fm ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Rademacher"
]
}
|
Rameh (Arabic: الرامة; Hebrew: רָמָה; alternatively spelled ar-Rame or ar-Rama) is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel. Located east of Nahf and Karmiel, in 2021 it had a population of 7,789. Over half of the inhabitants are Christians, mostly Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic, over a third are Druze and the remainder are Muslims.
A village council was established for Rameh under the British in 1922, of the first in Mandatory Palestine. Rameh's Christian and Muslim residents were temporarily expelled after its capture by Israeli forces in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, but they returned to the village, which also became home to many internally displaced Palestinians from nearby villages. A village council was established in 1954 by the Israeli government to oversee village affairs; from 1959 on, council members were elected. As of the 1960s, the people of Rameh have been noted for their high levels of education and standards of living. The village was home to the well-known poet Samih al-Qasim, the Greek Orthodox archbishop Atallah Hanna and artist Mira Awad.
The village is well-known for its diverse cuisine, which draws many visitors from across the country. It is also noteworthy for being surrounded by vast olive groves and for producing high-quality olive oil.
Location
The village is situated on an ancient site, atop a hill at the edge of Beit HaKerem Valley.
History
Edward Robinson identifies Rameh with the ancient Ramah of Asher (Joshua 19:29), citing its location and ancient sarcophagi discovered on a hill outside the village as evidence.
Late antiquity
Rameh features ruins of several structures dating from the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. To the east are remains of Roman baths, dating to the 2nd to 4th century, and oil presses from the same period. South and southeast of the village, remains of building foundations were discovered, including an Aramaic inscription on a lintel, which indicate a 3rd to 4th-century synagogue. To the northeast of the Roman bath are the remains of a large basilica. It was excavated in 1972 and very large column bases were found, together with polychrome mosaics representing fauna and flora.Many remains of pottery vessels dated to the Late Roman period (4th–5th centuries CE) have also been found, together with building remains from the Byzantine period.
Ottoman period
In 1517, Rameh was with the rest of Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after it was captured from the Mamluks, and by 1596, it was a village under the administration of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Akka (Acre), part of Safad Sanjak, with a population of 96 households, all Muslim. It paid taxes on silk spinning (dulab harir), goats, beehives, and a press that was used for processing either olives or grapes, in addition to paying a fixed, or lump sum; a total 21,986 akçe. Half of the revenue went to a waqf (religious endowment).A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as "Ramah". Rameh was entirely destroyed in the Galilee earthquake of 1837, with 180 of its inhabitants killed. The following year, Rameh was noted as Christian and Druze village in the Shaghur district, located between Safed, Acre and Tiberias. Victor Guérin visited the village in 1875, and found it to have 800 inhabitants, half Christian and half Druze. In 1881 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "a village, built of stone, of good materials, containing a Greek chapel and about 600 Christians and 500 Druzes; it is situated in plains, with large olive-groves, gardens and vineyards; five perennial springs near the village, and several cisterns in it." A population list from about 1887 showed that Rameh had about 1,125 inhabitants; 575 Muslims, 425 Druze and 125 Greek Catholics.
British Mandatory period
Under the British Mandatory administration in Palestine, a municipal council was established for Rameh on 15 October 1922. In the 1922 census of Palestine, Rameh had a total population 847; 624 Christians, 195 Druze and 28 Muslims. Among the Christians, 474 were Greek Orthodox, 47 Roman Catholics, 102 Greek Catholic (Melkites) and one Maronite. The population increased in the 1931 census to 1,142 residents living in 254 houses. The religious breakdown of the population was 746 Christians, 326 Druze and 70 Muslims.In the 1945 statistics Rameh had a population of 1,690; 1,160 Christians, 440 "others"(Druze), and 90 Muslims. with 24,516 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 8,310 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,078 used for grains, while 56 dunams were built-up land.
State of Israel
Rameh was captured by Israeli forces from the Golani Brigade without resistance on 30 October 1948 following Operation Hiram. Another Israeli unit entered the village during the next day and expelled 1,000 of its Muslim and Christian inhabitants on the threat of death, though the Druze were allowed to remain. The historian Benny Morris surmises that the expulsion order may have been driven by local Druze pressure to expel Rameh's Christians or a punitive response to the public support from one of Rameh's leading Christian notables, Father Yakub al-Hanna, for Fawzi al-Qawuqji, the leader of the Arab Liberation Army (ALA), one of the principal Arab forces in the Galilee during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The Israeli unit departed the village on 5 November and Rameh's expelled residents returned to the village after having camped out in the surrounding wadis (dry river beds) and caves. Their return was likely enabled by the intervention of the Israeli officer Ben Dunkelman of the 7th Brigade, who protested the expulsion order. Many Christians expelled from the captured village of Iqrit settled in Rameh.In 1954 a local council was appointed to administer Rameh's local affairs. Members of the 13-council were elected for the first time in 1959. In 1989 Fathinah Hana was elected head of Rameh's local council, one of three Arab women elected heads of municipal or local councils in Israel, the other two being Samiyah Hakhim in Nazareth and Nahidah Shehadeh in Kafr Yasif; before them, only one Arab woman in Israel had been elected to the position, Violet Khoury of Kafr Yasif in 1979–1988.
Demography
53% of the residents of Rameh are Christian, 31% are Druze and 16% are Muslim.
Writing in the 1960s, the historian Jacob Landau noted that Rameh was "distinguished by its high level of education and standard of living, expressed in the home, dress and general behaviour". At the time at least, the Greek Orthodox community was the largest religious group in the village and held the most influence over its local affairs, followed by the Greek Catholics (Melkites). The Druze maintained significant numbers in Rameh, but were politically divided at the time into two factions, while the smaller Christian communities, namely the Roman Catholics, and the Muslims, most of whom were internally displaced refugees from nearby villages, wielded little political influence. The Druze of Rameh are generally known to be the "least traditionally minded [Druze] in Israel", according to the historian Robert Betts.
Notable people
In alphabetical order by surname, article excluded:
Mira Awad (born 1975), singer, actress, and songwriter
Angelina Fares (born 1989), gymnast, 2007 Miss Israel beauty pageant contestant and subject of "Lady Kul El-Arab" documentary film; born in Rameh
Basel Ghattas (born 1956), politician, Balad party, member of the Knesset (2013–2015-...)
Archbishop Theodosios (Hanna) of Sebastia (born 1965), clergyman, Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem
Reem Kassis, Palestinian culinary writer whose father was from Rameh
Hanna Mwais (1913–1981), politician, member of the Knesset for Hadash (1977–1981)
Elias Nakhleh (1913–1990), politician, member of the Knesset (1959–1974)
Samih al-Qasim (1939–2014), poet of Palestinian Druze descent
See also
Arab localities in Israel
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To al-Rama
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Rame, Dov. Gutterman
Best Olive Oil in the world NYT on Rameh history and oil
Khalaf Olives from Rameh Khalaf Olives Deep History
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"Israel"
]
}
|
Rameh (Arabic: الرامة; Hebrew: רָמָה; alternatively spelled ar-Rame or ar-Rama) is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel. Located east of Nahf and Karmiel, in 2021 it had a population of 7,789. Over half of the inhabitants are Christians, mostly Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic, over a third are Druze and the remainder are Muslims.
A village council was established for Rameh under the British in 1922, of the first in Mandatory Palestine. Rameh's Christian and Muslim residents were temporarily expelled after its capture by Israeli forces in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, but they returned to the village, which also became home to many internally displaced Palestinians from nearby villages. A village council was established in 1954 by the Israeli government to oversee village affairs; from 1959 on, council members were elected. As of the 1960s, the people of Rameh have been noted for their high levels of education and standards of living. The village was home to the well-known poet Samih al-Qasim, the Greek Orthodox archbishop Atallah Hanna and artist Mira Awad.
The village is well-known for its diverse cuisine, which draws many visitors from across the country. It is also noteworthy for being surrounded by vast olive groves and for producing high-quality olive oil.
Location
The village is situated on an ancient site, atop a hill at the edge of Beit HaKerem Valley.
History
Edward Robinson identifies Rameh with the ancient Ramah of Asher (Joshua 19:29), citing its location and ancient sarcophagi discovered on a hill outside the village as evidence.
Late antiquity
Rameh features ruins of several structures dating from the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. To the east are remains of Roman baths, dating to the 2nd to 4th century, and oil presses from the same period. South and southeast of the village, remains of building foundations were discovered, including an Aramaic inscription on a lintel, which indicate a 3rd to 4th-century synagogue. To the northeast of the Roman bath are the remains of a large basilica. It was excavated in 1972 and very large column bases were found, together with polychrome mosaics representing fauna and flora.Many remains of pottery vessels dated to the Late Roman period (4th–5th centuries CE) have also been found, together with building remains from the Byzantine period.
Ottoman period
In 1517, Rameh was with the rest of Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after it was captured from the Mamluks, and by 1596, it was a village under the administration of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Akka (Acre), part of Safad Sanjak, with a population of 96 households, all Muslim. It paid taxes on silk spinning (dulab harir), goats, beehives, and a press that was used for processing either olives or grapes, in addition to paying a fixed, or lump sum; a total 21,986 akçe. Half of the revenue went to a waqf (religious endowment).A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as "Ramah". Rameh was entirely destroyed in the Galilee earthquake of 1837, with 180 of its inhabitants killed. The following year, Rameh was noted as Christian and Druze village in the Shaghur district, located between Safed, Acre and Tiberias. Victor Guérin visited the village in 1875, and found it to have 800 inhabitants, half Christian and half Druze. In 1881 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "a village, built of stone, of good materials, containing a Greek chapel and about 600 Christians and 500 Druzes; it is situated in plains, with large olive-groves, gardens and vineyards; five perennial springs near the village, and several cisterns in it." A population list from about 1887 showed that Rameh had about 1,125 inhabitants; 575 Muslims, 425 Druze and 125 Greek Catholics.
British Mandatory period
Under the British Mandatory administration in Palestine, a municipal council was established for Rameh on 15 October 1922. In the 1922 census of Palestine, Rameh had a total population 847; 624 Christians, 195 Druze and 28 Muslims. Among the Christians, 474 were Greek Orthodox, 47 Roman Catholics, 102 Greek Catholic (Melkites) and one Maronite. The population increased in the 1931 census to 1,142 residents living in 254 houses. The religious breakdown of the population was 746 Christians, 326 Druze and 70 Muslims.In the 1945 statistics Rameh had a population of 1,690; 1,160 Christians, 440 "others"(Druze), and 90 Muslims. with 24,516 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 8,310 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,078 used for grains, while 56 dunams were built-up land.
State of Israel
Rameh was captured by Israeli forces from the Golani Brigade without resistance on 30 October 1948 following Operation Hiram. Another Israeli unit entered the village during the next day and expelled 1,000 of its Muslim and Christian inhabitants on the threat of death, though the Druze were allowed to remain. The historian Benny Morris surmises that the expulsion order may have been driven by local Druze pressure to expel Rameh's Christians or a punitive response to the public support from one of Rameh's leading Christian notables, Father Yakub al-Hanna, for Fawzi al-Qawuqji, the leader of the Arab Liberation Army (ALA), one of the principal Arab forces in the Galilee during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The Israeli unit departed the village on 5 November and Rameh's expelled residents returned to the village after having camped out in the surrounding wadis (dry river beds) and caves. Their return was likely enabled by the intervention of the Israeli officer Ben Dunkelman of the 7th Brigade, who protested the expulsion order. Many Christians expelled from the captured village of Iqrit settled in Rameh.In 1954 a local council was appointed to administer Rameh's local affairs. Members of the 13-council were elected for the first time in 1959. In 1989 Fathinah Hana was elected head of Rameh's local council, one of three Arab women elected heads of municipal or local councils in Israel, the other two being Samiyah Hakhim in Nazareth and Nahidah Shehadeh in Kafr Yasif; before them, only one Arab woman in Israel had been elected to the position, Violet Khoury of Kafr Yasif in 1979–1988.
Demography
53% of the residents of Rameh are Christian, 31% are Druze and 16% are Muslim.
Writing in the 1960s, the historian Jacob Landau noted that Rameh was "distinguished by its high level of education and standard of living, expressed in the home, dress and general behaviour". At the time at least, the Greek Orthodox community was the largest religious group in the village and held the most influence over its local affairs, followed by the Greek Catholics (Melkites). The Druze maintained significant numbers in Rameh, but were politically divided at the time into two factions, while the smaller Christian communities, namely the Roman Catholics, and the Muslims, most of whom were internally displaced refugees from nearby villages, wielded little political influence. The Druze of Rameh are generally known to be the "least traditionally minded [Druze] in Israel", according to the historian Robert Betts.
Notable people
In alphabetical order by surname, article excluded:
Mira Awad (born 1975), singer, actress, and songwriter
Angelina Fares (born 1989), gymnast, 2007 Miss Israel beauty pageant contestant and subject of "Lady Kul El-Arab" documentary film; born in Rameh
Basel Ghattas (born 1956), politician, Balad party, member of the Knesset (2013–2015-...)
Archbishop Theodosios (Hanna) of Sebastia (born 1965), clergyman, Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem
Reem Kassis, Palestinian culinary writer whose father was from Rameh
Hanna Mwais (1913–1981), politician, member of the Knesset for Hadash (1977–1981)
Elias Nakhleh (1913–1990), politician, member of the Knesset (1959–1974)
Samih al-Qasim (1939–2014), poet of Palestinian Druze descent
See also
Arab localities in Israel
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To al-Rama
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Rame, Dov. Gutterman
Best Olive Oil in the world NYT on Rameh history and oil
Khalaf Olives from Rameh Khalaf Olives Deep History
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Rameh"
]
}
|
Rameh (Arabic: الرامة; Hebrew: רָמָה; alternatively spelled ar-Rame or ar-Rama) is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel. Located east of Nahf and Karmiel, in 2021 it had a population of 7,789. Over half of the inhabitants are Christians, mostly Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic, over a third are Druze and the remainder are Muslims.
A village council was established for Rameh under the British in 1922, of the first in Mandatory Palestine. Rameh's Christian and Muslim residents were temporarily expelled after its capture by Israeli forces in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, but they returned to the village, which also became home to many internally displaced Palestinians from nearby villages. A village council was established in 1954 by the Israeli government to oversee village affairs; from 1959 on, council members were elected. As of the 1960s, the people of Rameh have been noted for their high levels of education and standards of living. The village was home to the well-known poet Samih al-Qasim, the Greek Orthodox archbishop Atallah Hanna and artist Mira Awad.
The village is well-known for its diverse cuisine, which draws many visitors from across the country. It is also noteworthy for being surrounded by vast olive groves and for producing high-quality olive oil.
Location
The village is situated on an ancient site, atop a hill at the edge of Beit HaKerem Valley.
History
Edward Robinson identifies Rameh with the ancient Ramah of Asher (Joshua 19:29), citing its location and ancient sarcophagi discovered on a hill outside the village as evidence.
Late antiquity
Rameh features ruins of several structures dating from the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. To the east are remains of Roman baths, dating to the 2nd to 4th century, and oil presses from the same period. South and southeast of the village, remains of building foundations were discovered, including an Aramaic inscription on a lintel, which indicate a 3rd to 4th-century synagogue. To the northeast of the Roman bath are the remains of a large basilica. It was excavated in 1972 and very large column bases were found, together with polychrome mosaics representing fauna and flora.Many remains of pottery vessels dated to the Late Roman period (4th–5th centuries CE) have also been found, together with building remains from the Byzantine period.
Ottoman period
In 1517, Rameh was with the rest of Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after it was captured from the Mamluks, and by 1596, it was a village under the administration of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Akka (Acre), part of Safad Sanjak, with a population of 96 households, all Muslim. It paid taxes on silk spinning (dulab harir), goats, beehives, and a press that was used for processing either olives or grapes, in addition to paying a fixed, or lump sum; a total 21,986 akçe. Half of the revenue went to a waqf (religious endowment).A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as "Ramah". Rameh was entirely destroyed in the Galilee earthquake of 1837, with 180 of its inhabitants killed. The following year, Rameh was noted as Christian and Druze village in the Shaghur district, located between Safed, Acre and Tiberias. Victor Guérin visited the village in 1875, and found it to have 800 inhabitants, half Christian and half Druze. In 1881 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "a village, built of stone, of good materials, containing a Greek chapel and about 600 Christians and 500 Druzes; it is situated in plains, with large olive-groves, gardens and vineyards; five perennial springs near the village, and several cisterns in it." A population list from about 1887 showed that Rameh had about 1,125 inhabitants; 575 Muslims, 425 Druze and 125 Greek Catholics.
British Mandatory period
Under the British Mandatory administration in Palestine, a municipal council was established for Rameh on 15 October 1922. In the 1922 census of Palestine, Rameh had a total population 847; 624 Christians, 195 Druze and 28 Muslims. Among the Christians, 474 were Greek Orthodox, 47 Roman Catholics, 102 Greek Catholic (Melkites) and one Maronite. The population increased in the 1931 census to 1,142 residents living in 254 houses. The religious breakdown of the population was 746 Christians, 326 Druze and 70 Muslims.In the 1945 statistics Rameh had a population of 1,690; 1,160 Christians, 440 "others"(Druze), and 90 Muslims. with 24,516 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 8,310 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,078 used for grains, while 56 dunams were built-up land.
State of Israel
Rameh was captured by Israeli forces from the Golani Brigade without resistance on 30 October 1948 following Operation Hiram. Another Israeli unit entered the village during the next day and expelled 1,000 of its Muslim and Christian inhabitants on the threat of death, though the Druze were allowed to remain. The historian Benny Morris surmises that the expulsion order may have been driven by local Druze pressure to expel Rameh's Christians or a punitive response to the public support from one of Rameh's leading Christian notables, Father Yakub al-Hanna, for Fawzi al-Qawuqji, the leader of the Arab Liberation Army (ALA), one of the principal Arab forces in the Galilee during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The Israeli unit departed the village on 5 November and Rameh's expelled residents returned to the village after having camped out in the surrounding wadis (dry river beds) and caves. Their return was likely enabled by the intervention of the Israeli officer Ben Dunkelman of the 7th Brigade, who protested the expulsion order. Many Christians expelled from the captured village of Iqrit settled in Rameh.In 1954 a local council was appointed to administer Rameh's local affairs. Members of the 13-council were elected for the first time in 1959. In 1989 Fathinah Hana was elected head of Rameh's local council, one of three Arab women elected heads of municipal or local councils in Israel, the other two being Samiyah Hakhim in Nazareth and Nahidah Shehadeh in Kafr Yasif; before them, only one Arab woman in Israel had been elected to the position, Violet Khoury of Kafr Yasif in 1979–1988.
Demography
53% of the residents of Rameh are Christian, 31% are Druze and 16% are Muslim.
Writing in the 1960s, the historian Jacob Landau noted that Rameh was "distinguished by its high level of education and standard of living, expressed in the home, dress and general behaviour". At the time at least, the Greek Orthodox community was the largest religious group in the village and held the most influence over its local affairs, followed by the Greek Catholics (Melkites). The Druze maintained significant numbers in Rameh, but were politically divided at the time into two factions, while the smaller Christian communities, namely the Roman Catholics, and the Muslims, most of whom were internally displaced refugees from nearby villages, wielded little political influence. The Druze of Rameh are generally known to be the "least traditionally minded [Druze] in Israel", according to the historian Robert Betts.
Notable people
In alphabetical order by surname, article excluded:
Mira Awad (born 1975), singer, actress, and songwriter
Angelina Fares (born 1989), gymnast, 2007 Miss Israel beauty pageant contestant and subject of "Lady Kul El-Arab" documentary film; born in Rameh
Basel Ghattas (born 1956), politician, Balad party, member of the Knesset (2013–2015-...)
Archbishop Theodosios (Hanna) of Sebastia (born 1965), clergyman, Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem
Reem Kassis, Palestinian culinary writer whose father was from Rameh
Hanna Mwais (1913–1981), politician, member of the Knesset for Hadash (1977–1981)
Elias Nakhleh (1913–1990), politician, member of the Knesset (1959–1974)
Samih al-Qasim (1939–2014), poet of Palestinian Druze descent
See also
Arab localities in Israel
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To al-Rama
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Rame, Dov. Gutterman
Best Olive Oil in the world NYT on Rameh history and oil
Khalaf Olives from Rameh Khalaf Olives Deep History
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"الرامة"
]
}
|
Presidential elections were held in Liberia in 1859. The result was a victory for incumbent President Stephen Allen Benson.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
36
],
"text": [
"Liberia"
]
}
|
Marius Corbett (born 26 September 1975 in Potchefstroom) is a South African javelin thrower. He won a surprise gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics, improving his personal best by 4.50 m during the contest. The following year he threw 88.75 m (291 ft 2 in) to win the 1998 Commonwealth Games, which stands as the Commonwealth Games Record and was also the African record until Julius Yego's throw of 91.39 on 7 June 2015 in Birmingham.
After his retirement from athletics he played 1st Division Currie Cup Rugby in South Africa.
Seasonal bests by year
1993 - 73.00
1994 - 77.98
1996 - 74.94
1997 - 88.40
1998 - 88.75
1999 - 87.17
2000 - 83.43
2001 - 80.91
2004 - 70.17
International competitions
External links
Marius Corbett at World Athletics
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"Potchefstroom"
]
}
|
Marius Corbett (born 26 September 1975 in Potchefstroom) is a South African javelin thrower. He won a surprise gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics, improving his personal best by 4.50 m during the contest. The following year he threw 88.75 m (291 ft 2 in) to win the 1998 Commonwealth Games, which stands as the Commonwealth Games Record and was also the African record until Julius Yego's throw of 91.39 on 7 June 2015 in Birmingham.
After his retirement from athletics he played 1st Division Currie Cup Rugby in South Africa.
Seasonal bests by year
1993 - 73.00
1994 - 77.98
1996 - 74.94
1997 - 88.40
1998 - 88.75
1999 - 87.17
2000 - 83.43
2001 - 80.91
2004 - 70.17
International competitions
External links
Marius Corbett at World Athletics
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"South Africa"
]
}
|
Marius Corbett (born 26 September 1975 in Potchefstroom) is a South African javelin thrower. He won a surprise gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics, improving his personal best by 4.50 m during the contest. The following year he threw 88.75 m (291 ft 2 in) to win the 1998 Commonwealth Games, which stands as the Commonwealth Games Record and was also the African record until Julius Yego's throw of 91.39 on 7 June 2015 in Birmingham.
After his retirement from athletics he played 1st Division Currie Cup Rugby in South Africa.
Seasonal bests by year
1993 - 73.00
1994 - 77.98
1996 - 74.94
1997 - 88.40
1998 - 88.75
1999 - 87.17
2000 - 83.43
2001 - 80.91
2004 - 70.17
International competitions
External links
Marius Corbett at World Athletics
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"javelin thrower"
]
}
|
Marius Corbett (born 26 September 1975 in Potchefstroom) is a South African javelin thrower. He won a surprise gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics, improving his personal best by 4.50 m during the contest. The following year he threw 88.75 m (291 ft 2 in) to win the 1998 Commonwealth Games, which stands as the Commonwealth Games Record and was also the African record until Julius Yego's throw of 91.39 on 7 June 2015 in Birmingham.
After his retirement from athletics he played 1st Division Currie Cup Rugby in South Africa.
Seasonal bests by year
1993 - 73.00
1994 - 77.98
1996 - 74.94
1997 - 88.40
1998 - 88.75
1999 - 87.17
2000 - 83.43
2001 - 80.91
2004 - 70.17
International competitions
External links
Marius Corbett at World Athletics
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
481
],
"text": [
"athletics"
]
}
|
Marius Corbett (born 26 September 1975 in Potchefstroom) is a South African javelin thrower. He won a surprise gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics, improving his personal best by 4.50 m during the contest. The following year he threw 88.75 m (291 ft 2 in) to win the 1998 Commonwealth Games, which stands as the Commonwealth Games Record and was also the African record until Julius Yego's throw of 91.39 on 7 June 2015 in Birmingham.
After his retirement from athletics he played 1st Division Currie Cup Rugby in South Africa.
Seasonal bests by year
1993 - 73.00
1994 - 77.98
1996 - 74.94
1997 - 88.40
1998 - 88.75
1999 - 87.17
2000 - 83.43
2001 - 80.91
2004 - 70.17
International competitions
External links
Marius Corbett at World Athletics
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"Corbett"
]
}
|
Marius Corbett (born 26 September 1975 in Potchefstroom) is a South African javelin thrower. He won a surprise gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics, improving his personal best by 4.50 m during the contest. The following year he threw 88.75 m (291 ft 2 in) to win the 1998 Commonwealth Games, which stands as the Commonwealth Games Record and was also the African record until Julius Yego's throw of 91.39 on 7 June 2015 in Birmingham.
After his retirement from athletics he played 1st Division Currie Cup Rugby in South Africa.
Seasonal bests by year
1993 - 73.00
1994 - 77.98
1996 - 74.94
1997 - 88.40
1998 - 88.75
1999 - 87.17
2000 - 83.43
2001 - 80.91
2004 - 70.17
International competitions
External links
Marius Corbett at World Athletics
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Marius"
]
}
|
Marius Corbett (born 26 September 1975 in Potchefstroom) is a South African javelin thrower. He won a surprise gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics, improving his personal best by 4.50 m during the contest. The following year he threw 88.75 m (291 ft 2 in) to win the 1998 Commonwealth Games, which stands as the Commonwealth Games Record and was also the African record until Julius Yego's throw of 91.39 on 7 June 2015 in Birmingham.
After his retirement from athletics he played 1st Division Currie Cup Rugby in South Africa.
Seasonal bests by year
1993 - 73.00
1994 - 77.98
1996 - 74.94
1997 - 88.40
1998 - 88.75
1999 - 87.17
2000 - 83.43
2001 - 80.91
2004 - 70.17
International competitions
External links
Marius Corbett at World Athletics
|
participant in
|
{
"answer_start": [
287
],
"text": [
"1998 Commonwealth Games"
]
}
|
Marius Corbett (born 26 September 1975 in Potchefstroom) is a South African javelin thrower. He won a surprise gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics, improving his personal best by 4.50 m during the contest. The following year he threw 88.75 m (291 ft 2 in) to win the 1998 Commonwealth Games, which stands as the Commonwealth Games Record and was also the African record until Julius Yego's throw of 91.39 on 7 June 2015 in Birmingham.
After his retirement from athletics he played 1st Division Currie Cup Rugby in South Africa.
Seasonal bests by year
1993 - 73.00
1994 - 77.98
1996 - 74.94
1997 - 88.40
1998 - 88.75
1999 - 87.17
2000 - 83.43
2001 - 80.91
2004 - 70.17
International competitions
External links
Marius Corbett at World Athletics
|
sports discipline competed in
|
{
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"javelin throw"
]
}
|
Kotla Bhagu is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Nakodar, 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Kapurthala, 31 kilometres (19 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 162 kilometres (101 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).
Transport
Nakodar railway station is the nearest train station. The village is 68 kilometres (42 mi) away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 113 kilometres (70 mi) away in Amritsar.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"India"
]
}
|
Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa was an 8,885-acre (35.96 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Sonoma County, California given in 1841 by Governor pro tem Manuel Jimeno to María Ygnacia López. The grant was along Santa Rosa Creek, and encompassed present-day Santa Rosa, California.
History
María Ygnacia de la Candelaria López (1793–1849) married Joaquin Victor Carrillo (1793–1835) in San Diego in 1809. When Carrillo died in 1835, three of their twelve children were already married: Maria Antonia (known as Josefa) to Henry D. Fitch, Maria Ramona to José Antonio Romualdo Pacheco, and Francisca Benicia to Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. María Ygnacia Lopez de Carrillo and her 9 unmarried children left San Diego in 1837 and moved to Sonoma, California where her daughter Francisca Benicia Carrillo (1815-1891) lived with her husband General Vallejo. General Vallejo was a critical factor in obtaining the two square league grant in 1841.Eldest son, Joaquin Carrillo (1820–1899), was granted Rancho Llano de Santa Rosa just west of his mother's property by Governor Manuel Micheltorena in 1844. Son Juan Bautista (1825–1841) died of poisoning. Daughter María de la Luz Esquatuia Carrillo (1814–1893) married her brother-in-law Salvador Vallejo and set up her home in Sonoma. María López Carrillo died in 1849 and was buried at Mission San Francisco Solano in Sonoma.Seven claims for Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa were filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852.
Son José Ramon Carrillo (1821–1864) was killed in 1864. Daughter Maria Marta Juana Carrillo (1826–1905) married Jose de Cruz Pilar Carrillo.
Historic sites of the Rancho
Carrillo Adobe. The home of the Carrillo family.
== References ==
|
shares border with
|
{
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"Santa Rosa Creek"
]
}
|
Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa was an 8,885-acre (35.96 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Sonoma County, California given in 1841 by Governor pro tem Manuel Jimeno to María Ygnacia López. The grant was along Santa Rosa Creek, and encompassed present-day Santa Rosa, California.
History
María Ygnacia de la Candelaria López (1793–1849) married Joaquin Victor Carrillo (1793–1835) in San Diego in 1809. When Carrillo died in 1835, three of their twelve children were already married: Maria Antonia (known as Josefa) to Henry D. Fitch, Maria Ramona to José Antonio Romualdo Pacheco, and Francisca Benicia to Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. María Ygnacia Lopez de Carrillo and her 9 unmarried children left San Diego in 1837 and moved to Sonoma, California where her daughter Francisca Benicia Carrillo (1815-1891) lived with her husband General Vallejo. General Vallejo was a critical factor in obtaining the two square league grant in 1841.Eldest son, Joaquin Carrillo (1820–1899), was granted Rancho Llano de Santa Rosa just west of his mother's property by Governor Manuel Micheltorena in 1844. Son Juan Bautista (1825–1841) died of poisoning. Daughter María de la Luz Esquatuia Carrillo (1814–1893) married her brother-in-law Salvador Vallejo and set up her home in Sonoma. María López Carrillo died in 1849 and was buried at Mission San Francisco Solano in Sonoma.Seven claims for Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa were filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852.
Son José Ramon Carrillo (1821–1864) was killed in 1864. Daughter Maria Marta Juana Carrillo (1826–1905) married Jose de Cruz Pilar Carrillo.
Historic sites of the Rancho
Carrillo Adobe. The home of the Carrillo family.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"Santa Rosa"
]
}
|
The 1971 Uganda National First Division League was the fourth season of the Ugandan football championship, the top-level football league of Uganda.
Overview
The 1971 Uganda National First Division League was contested by 8 teams and was won by Simba FC, the Army side. In the next two seasons of 1972 and 1973 the championship was not completed because of civil unrest.
League standings
Leading goalscorer
The top goalscorer in the 1971 season was Polly Ouma of Simba FC with 18 goals.
References
External links
Uganda - List of Champions - RSSSF (Hans Schöggl)
Ugandan Football League Tables - League321.com
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Uganda"
]
}
|
The 1971 Uganda National First Division League was the fourth season of the Ugandan football championship, the top-level football league of Uganda.
Overview
The 1971 Uganda National First Division League was contested by 8 teams and was won by Simba FC, the Army side. In the next two seasons of 1972 and 1973 the championship was not completed because of civil unrest.
League standings
Leading goalscorer
The top goalscorer in the 1971 season was Polly Ouma of Simba FC with 18 goals.
References
External links
Uganda - List of Champions - RSSSF (Hans Schöggl)
Ugandan Football League Tables - League321.com
|
number of participants
|
{
"answer_start": [
222
],
"text": [
"8"
]
}
|
"The Love You Save" is a song recorded by the Jackson 5 for Motown Records. It was released as a single on May 13, 1970, and held the number-one spot on the soul singles chart in the US for six weeks and the number-one position on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks, from June 27 to July 4, 1970. In the UK top 40 chart, it peaked at number 7 in August 1970. The song is the third of the four-in-a-row Jackson 5 number-ones released (the others were "I Want You Back", "ABC" and "I'll Be There"). Billboard ranked the record as the No. 16 song of 1970, one place behind the Jackson 5's "ABC".
Description
"The Love You Save" features side vocals of Jermaine Jackson singing alongside Michael in the final "Stop! The love you save may be your own", beside Marlon, Tito and Jackie. The song's lyrics feature Michael and Jermaine warning a "fast" girl to slow down and "stop!", because "the love you save may be your own!" The lyrics are also unusual because of the historical references--according to the song, the girl in question was under the apple tree with "Isaac" (a reference to Isaac Newton); felt electricity with "Benjie" (a reference to Benjamin Franklin); "Alexander" (a reference to Alexander Graham Bell) called her and "rang her chimes"; and "Christopher" (a reference to Christopher Columbus) "discovered" that she was "way ahead of her time".
The opening exclamation, "Stop!", and the foot stomps that complement the rhythm during the latter part of the song are allusions to the 1965 number-one Motown single by the Supremes, "Stop! In the Name of Love".Others claim that Bobby Taylor, who produced the Jackson 5's first album at Motown and was lead singer of Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers, discovered the Jackson 5 and brought them to Berry Gordy's attention. Taylor had shepherded them through their first couple of hits in L.A., but Gordy (according to Taylor) felt the material was too adult given the age of the performers, and like the remainder of the early Jackson 5 hits, "The Love You Save" was written and produced back in Detroit by the Corporation, a team comprising Motown chief Berry Gordy, Freddie Perren, Alphonzo Mizell, and Deke Richards, and recorded in Los Angeles, away from the old Motown studio at Hitsville USA in Detroit, Michigan.
"The Love You Save" was the second single from the second Jackson 5 album, ABC. Record World called it "another big one."The song was covered by 90s American pop rock band Hanson on their demo album, Boomerang.
The song was remixed by DJ Cassidy for the 2009 release The Remix Suite.
Personnel
Lead vocals by Michael Jackson and Jermaine Jackson
Background vocals by Michael Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Tito Jackson and Jackie Jackson
Instrumentation by Los Angeles area session musiciansFreddie Perren – keyboards
David T. Walker – guitar
Louis Shelton – guitar
Don Peake – guitar
Wilton Felder – bass guitar
Gene Pello – drums
Charts
See also
"The Life You Save May Be Your Own"
"Stop! In the Name of Love"
References
External links
Lyrics of this song
The Jackson 5 - The Love You Save on YouTube
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"single"
]
}
|
"The Love You Save" is a song recorded by the Jackson 5 for Motown Records. It was released as a single on May 13, 1970, and held the number-one spot on the soul singles chart in the US for six weeks and the number-one position on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks, from June 27 to July 4, 1970. In the UK top 40 chart, it peaked at number 7 in August 1970. The song is the third of the four-in-a-row Jackson 5 number-ones released (the others were "I Want You Back", "ABC" and "I'll Be There"). Billboard ranked the record as the No. 16 song of 1970, one place behind the Jackson 5's "ABC".
Description
"The Love You Save" features side vocals of Jermaine Jackson singing alongside Michael in the final "Stop! The love you save may be your own", beside Marlon, Tito and Jackie. The song's lyrics feature Michael and Jermaine warning a "fast" girl to slow down and "stop!", because "the love you save may be your own!" The lyrics are also unusual because of the historical references--according to the song, the girl in question was under the apple tree with "Isaac" (a reference to Isaac Newton); felt electricity with "Benjie" (a reference to Benjamin Franklin); "Alexander" (a reference to Alexander Graham Bell) called her and "rang her chimes"; and "Christopher" (a reference to Christopher Columbus) "discovered" that she was "way ahead of her time".
The opening exclamation, "Stop!", and the foot stomps that complement the rhythm during the latter part of the song are allusions to the 1965 number-one Motown single by the Supremes, "Stop! In the Name of Love".Others claim that Bobby Taylor, who produced the Jackson 5's first album at Motown and was lead singer of Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers, discovered the Jackson 5 and brought them to Berry Gordy's attention. Taylor had shepherded them through their first couple of hits in L.A., but Gordy (according to Taylor) felt the material was too adult given the age of the performers, and like the remainder of the early Jackson 5 hits, "The Love You Save" was written and produced back in Detroit by the Corporation, a team comprising Motown chief Berry Gordy, Freddie Perren, Alphonzo Mizell, and Deke Richards, and recorded in Los Angeles, away from the old Motown studio at Hitsville USA in Detroit, Michigan.
"The Love You Save" was the second single from the second Jackson 5 album, ABC. Record World called it "another big one."The song was covered by 90s American pop rock band Hanson on their demo album, Boomerang.
The song was remixed by DJ Cassidy for the 2009 release The Remix Suite.
Personnel
Lead vocals by Michael Jackson and Jermaine Jackson
Background vocals by Michael Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Tito Jackson and Jackie Jackson
Instrumentation by Los Angeles area session musiciansFreddie Perren – keyboards
David T. Walker – guitar
Louis Shelton – guitar
Don Peake – guitar
Wilton Felder – bass guitar
Gene Pello – drums
Charts
See also
"The Life You Save May Be Your Own"
"Stop! In the Name of Love"
References
External links
Lyrics of this song
The Jackson 5 - The Love You Save on YouTube
|
follows
|
{
"answer_start": [
485
],
"text": [
"ABC"
]
}
|
"The Love You Save" is a song recorded by the Jackson 5 for Motown Records. It was released as a single on May 13, 1970, and held the number-one spot on the soul singles chart in the US for six weeks and the number-one position on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks, from June 27 to July 4, 1970. In the UK top 40 chart, it peaked at number 7 in August 1970. The song is the third of the four-in-a-row Jackson 5 number-ones released (the others were "I Want You Back", "ABC" and "I'll Be There"). Billboard ranked the record as the No. 16 song of 1970, one place behind the Jackson 5's "ABC".
Description
"The Love You Save" features side vocals of Jermaine Jackson singing alongside Michael in the final "Stop! The love you save may be your own", beside Marlon, Tito and Jackie. The song's lyrics feature Michael and Jermaine warning a "fast" girl to slow down and "stop!", because "the love you save may be your own!" The lyrics are also unusual because of the historical references--according to the song, the girl in question was under the apple tree with "Isaac" (a reference to Isaac Newton); felt electricity with "Benjie" (a reference to Benjamin Franklin); "Alexander" (a reference to Alexander Graham Bell) called her and "rang her chimes"; and "Christopher" (a reference to Christopher Columbus) "discovered" that she was "way ahead of her time".
The opening exclamation, "Stop!", and the foot stomps that complement the rhythm during the latter part of the song are allusions to the 1965 number-one Motown single by the Supremes, "Stop! In the Name of Love".Others claim that Bobby Taylor, who produced the Jackson 5's first album at Motown and was lead singer of Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers, discovered the Jackson 5 and brought them to Berry Gordy's attention. Taylor had shepherded them through their first couple of hits in L.A., but Gordy (according to Taylor) felt the material was too adult given the age of the performers, and like the remainder of the early Jackson 5 hits, "The Love You Save" was written and produced back in Detroit by the Corporation, a team comprising Motown chief Berry Gordy, Freddie Perren, Alphonzo Mizell, and Deke Richards, and recorded in Los Angeles, away from the old Motown studio at Hitsville USA in Detroit, Michigan.
"The Love You Save" was the second single from the second Jackson 5 album, ABC. Record World called it "another big one."The song was covered by 90s American pop rock band Hanson on their demo album, Boomerang.
The song was remixed by DJ Cassidy for the 2009 release The Remix Suite.
Personnel
Lead vocals by Michael Jackson and Jermaine Jackson
Background vocals by Michael Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Tito Jackson and Jackie Jackson
Instrumentation by Los Angeles area session musiciansFreddie Perren – keyboards
David T. Walker – guitar
Louis Shelton – guitar
Don Peake – guitar
Wilton Felder – bass guitar
Gene Pello – drums
Charts
See also
"The Life You Save May Be Your Own"
"Stop! In the Name of Love"
References
External links
Lyrics of this song
The Jackson 5 - The Love You Save on YouTube
|
followed by
|
{
"answer_start": [
495
],
"text": [
"I'll Be There"
]
}
|
"The Love You Save" is a song recorded by the Jackson 5 for Motown Records. It was released as a single on May 13, 1970, and held the number-one spot on the soul singles chart in the US for six weeks and the number-one position on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks, from June 27 to July 4, 1970. In the UK top 40 chart, it peaked at number 7 in August 1970. The song is the third of the four-in-a-row Jackson 5 number-ones released (the others were "I Want You Back", "ABC" and "I'll Be There"). Billboard ranked the record as the No. 16 song of 1970, one place behind the Jackson 5's "ABC".
Description
"The Love You Save" features side vocals of Jermaine Jackson singing alongside Michael in the final "Stop! The love you save may be your own", beside Marlon, Tito and Jackie. The song's lyrics feature Michael and Jermaine warning a "fast" girl to slow down and "stop!", because "the love you save may be your own!" The lyrics are also unusual because of the historical references--according to the song, the girl in question was under the apple tree with "Isaac" (a reference to Isaac Newton); felt electricity with "Benjie" (a reference to Benjamin Franklin); "Alexander" (a reference to Alexander Graham Bell) called her and "rang her chimes"; and "Christopher" (a reference to Christopher Columbus) "discovered" that she was "way ahead of her time".
The opening exclamation, "Stop!", and the foot stomps that complement the rhythm during the latter part of the song are allusions to the 1965 number-one Motown single by the Supremes, "Stop! In the Name of Love".Others claim that Bobby Taylor, who produced the Jackson 5's first album at Motown and was lead singer of Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers, discovered the Jackson 5 and brought them to Berry Gordy's attention. Taylor had shepherded them through their first couple of hits in L.A., but Gordy (according to Taylor) felt the material was too adult given the age of the performers, and like the remainder of the early Jackson 5 hits, "The Love You Save" was written and produced back in Detroit by the Corporation, a team comprising Motown chief Berry Gordy, Freddie Perren, Alphonzo Mizell, and Deke Richards, and recorded in Los Angeles, away from the old Motown studio at Hitsville USA in Detroit, Michigan.
"The Love You Save" was the second single from the second Jackson 5 album, ABC. Record World called it "another big one."The song was covered by 90s American pop rock band Hanson on their demo album, Boomerang.
The song was remixed by DJ Cassidy for the 2009 release The Remix Suite.
Personnel
Lead vocals by Michael Jackson and Jermaine Jackson
Background vocals by Michael Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Tito Jackson and Jackie Jackson
Instrumentation by Los Angeles area session musiciansFreddie Perren – keyboards
David T. Walker – guitar
Louis Shelton – guitar
Don Peake – guitar
Wilton Felder – bass guitar
Gene Pello – drums
Charts
See also
"The Life You Save May Be Your Own"
"Stop! In the Name of Love"
References
External links
Lyrics of this song
The Jackson 5 - The Love You Save on YouTube
|
performer
|
{
"answer_start": [
3064
],
"text": [
"The Jackson 5"
]
}
|
"The Love You Save" is a song recorded by the Jackson 5 for Motown Records. It was released as a single on May 13, 1970, and held the number-one spot on the soul singles chart in the US for six weeks and the number-one position on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks, from June 27 to July 4, 1970. In the UK top 40 chart, it peaked at number 7 in August 1970. The song is the third of the four-in-a-row Jackson 5 number-ones released (the others were "I Want You Back", "ABC" and "I'll Be There"). Billboard ranked the record as the No. 16 song of 1970, one place behind the Jackson 5's "ABC".
Description
"The Love You Save" features side vocals of Jermaine Jackson singing alongside Michael in the final "Stop! The love you save may be your own", beside Marlon, Tito and Jackie. The song's lyrics feature Michael and Jermaine warning a "fast" girl to slow down and "stop!", because "the love you save may be your own!" The lyrics are also unusual because of the historical references--according to the song, the girl in question was under the apple tree with "Isaac" (a reference to Isaac Newton); felt electricity with "Benjie" (a reference to Benjamin Franklin); "Alexander" (a reference to Alexander Graham Bell) called her and "rang her chimes"; and "Christopher" (a reference to Christopher Columbus) "discovered" that she was "way ahead of her time".
The opening exclamation, "Stop!", and the foot stomps that complement the rhythm during the latter part of the song are allusions to the 1965 number-one Motown single by the Supremes, "Stop! In the Name of Love".Others claim that Bobby Taylor, who produced the Jackson 5's first album at Motown and was lead singer of Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers, discovered the Jackson 5 and brought them to Berry Gordy's attention. Taylor had shepherded them through their first couple of hits in L.A., but Gordy (according to Taylor) felt the material was too adult given the age of the performers, and like the remainder of the early Jackson 5 hits, "The Love You Save" was written and produced back in Detroit by the Corporation, a team comprising Motown chief Berry Gordy, Freddie Perren, Alphonzo Mizell, and Deke Richards, and recorded in Los Angeles, away from the old Motown studio at Hitsville USA in Detroit, Michigan.
"The Love You Save" was the second single from the second Jackson 5 album, ABC. Record World called it "another big one."The song was covered by 90s American pop rock band Hanson on their demo album, Boomerang.
The song was remixed by DJ Cassidy for the 2009 release The Remix Suite.
Personnel
Lead vocals by Michael Jackson and Jermaine Jackson
Background vocals by Michael Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Tito Jackson and Jackie Jackson
Instrumentation by Los Angeles area session musiciansFreddie Perren – keyboards
David T. Walker – guitar
Louis Shelton – guitar
Don Peake – guitar
Wilton Felder – bass guitar
Gene Pello – drums
Charts
See also
"The Life You Save May Be Your Own"
"Stop! In the Name of Love"
References
External links
Lyrics of this song
The Jackson 5 - The Love You Save on YouTube
|
record label
|
{
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"Motown"
]
}
|
"The Love You Save" is a song recorded by the Jackson 5 for Motown Records. It was released as a single on May 13, 1970, and held the number-one spot on the soul singles chart in the US for six weeks and the number-one position on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks, from June 27 to July 4, 1970. In the UK top 40 chart, it peaked at number 7 in August 1970. The song is the third of the four-in-a-row Jackson 5 number-ones released (the others were "I Want You Back", "ABC" and "I'll Be There"). Billboard ranked the record as the No. 16 song of 1970, one place behind the Jackson 5's "ABC".
Description
"The Love You Save" features side vocals of Jermaine Jackson singing alongside Michael in the final "Stop! The love you save may be your own", beside Marlon, Tito and Jackie. The song's lyrics feature Michael and Jermaine warning a "fast" girl to slow down and "stop!", because "the love you save may be your own!" The lyrics are also unusual because of the historical references--according to the song, the girl in question was under the apple tree with "Isaac" (a reference to Isaac Newton); felt electricity with "Benjie" (a reference to Benjamin Franklin); "Alexander" (a reference to Alexander Graham Bell) called her and "rang her chimes"; and "Christopher" (a reference to Christopher Columbus) "discovered" that she was "way ahead of her time".
The opening exclamation, "Stop!", and the foot stomps that complement the rhythm during the latter part of the song are allusions to the 1965 number-one Motown single by the Supremes, "Stop! In the Name of Love".Others claim that Bobby Taylor, who produced the Jackson 5's first album at Motown and was lead singer of Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers, discovered the Jackson 5 and brought them to Berry Gordy's attention. Taylor had shepherded them through their first couple of hits in L.A., but Gordy (according to Taylor) felt the material was too adult given the age of the performers, and like the remainder of the early Jackson 5 hits, "The Love You Save" was written and produced back in Detroit by the Corporation, a team comprising Motown chief Berry Gordy, Freddie Perren, Alphonzo Mizell, and Deke Richards, and recorded in Los Angeles, away from the old Motown studio at Hitsville USA in Detroit, Michigan.
"The Love You Save" was the second single from the second Jackson 5 album, ABC. Record World called it "another big one."The song was covered by 90s American pop rock band Hanson on their demo album, Boomerang.
The song was remixed by DJ Cassidy for the 2009 release The Remix Suite.
Personnel
Lead vocals by Michael Jackson and Jermaine Jackson
Background vocals by Michael Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Tito Jackson and Jackie Jackson
Instrumentation by Los Angeles area session musiciansFreddie Perren – keyboards
David T. Walker – guitar
Louis Shelton – guitar
Don Peake – guitar
Wilton Felder – bass guitar
Gene Pello – drums
Charts
See also
"The Life You Save May Be Your Own"
"Stop! In the Name of Love"
References
External links
Lyrics of this song
The Jackson 5 - The Love You Save on YouTube
|
part of
|
{
"answer_start": [
485
],
"text": [
"ABC"
]
}
|
Rachael Scdoris /səˈdɔərɪs/ (born February 1, 1985, in Bend, Oregon) is an American dog musher and cross country runner who in 2006 became the first legally blind person to complete the 1,049+ mile (1,600 km) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across the U.S. state of Alaska.
Scdoris had her best result in the 2009 Iditarod, taking the Southern route for the first time. Visually guided by Tim Osmar, making his first re-entry into the race since a catastrophic ankle injury incurred while protecting his home from a wildfire in 2007, Scdoris came in 45th, beating her previous best of 57th.
Biography
Scdoris was born with congenital achromatopsia, an uncorrectable visual disorder. Her vision is 20/200, and she is totally color blind.
In 1997, Scdoris competed her first dog sled race, and placed 4th in the Frog Lake Race, and later won several local short-distance races. In 2001, she competed in the 500 mile (805 km) International Pedigree Stage Stop Sled Dog Race, and became the first legally blind person and the youngest musher to complete an event of that distance. Rachael carried the Olympic Torch for the 2002 Winter Games.
In 2003, the Iditarod Trail Committee approved her request under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for special accommodations to compete in the much longer and more rigorous Iditarod. Scdoris completed the qualifying races in 2004, placing 11th in the 350-mile (563 km) Race to the Sky in Montana, and 6th in the 400-mile (644 km) John Beargrease Mid-Distance Marathon in Minnesota.
On March 5 she started the 2005 Iditarod in Anchorage, Alaska, with "visual interpreter" Paul Ellering, who warned her of trail conditions by radio or shouting. The two-way radios broke several times during the race during crashes, which are relatively common especially among rookies. "I had a nice little encounter with a tree... the tree won". She eventually had to quit the race because her dogs showed signs of sickness.
In the 2006 Iditarod, Rachael Scdoris fell asleep while mushing and became separated from Tim Osmar, her visual guide. She awoke in a place that had no tracks from other dog teams, which meant that her dogs had no scent to follow. Scdoris guided her team over jumble ice and open leads into the Koyuk checkpoint:"Scdoris said she had fallen asleep on the sled, as many mushers do, and veered off the trail.
'It was so flat and so early in the morning, it was hard not to doze,' Scdoris said. 'I woke up in jumbled ice and no other dog tracks.'
As it turned out, Scdoris was close enough to Koyuk to make out the lights of the village and guide her dog team there."
- Jeannette J. Lee, Associated Press, March 19, 2006
Surname
Scdoris is descended from people named Saadoris, but somehow a typo crept into the official spelling of the name.
References
Further reading
Scdoris, Rachael; Steber, Rick. (2006). No End in Sight: My Life as a Blind Iditarod Racer. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-35273-5. (hardcover version)
Steber, Rick; Scdoris, Rachael. (2004). No End in Sight: The Rachael Scdoris Story. Two Star. ISBN 0-945134-34-7. (paperback version)
External links
Current position from the Official Iditarod site
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"Bend"
]
}
|
Rachael Scdoris /səˈdɔərɪs/ (born February 1, 1985, in Bend, Oregon) is an American dog musher and cross country runner who in 2006 became the first legally blind person to complete the 1,049+ mile (1,600 km) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across the U.S. state of Alaska.
Scdoris had her best result in the 2009 Iditarod, taking the Southern route for the first time. Visually guided by Tim Osmar, making his first re-entry into the race since a catastrophic ankle injury incurred while protecting his home from a wildfire in 2007, Scdoris came in 45th, beating her previous best of 57th.
Biography
Scdoris was born with congenital achromatopsia, an uncorrectable visual disorder. Her vision is 20/200, and she is totally color blind.
In 1997, Scdoris competed her first dog sled race, and placed 4th in the Frog Lake Race, and later won several local short-distance races. In 2001, she competed in the 500 mile (805 km) International Pedigree Stage Stop Sled Dog Race, and became the first legally blind person and the youngest musher to complete an event of that distance. Rachael carried the Olympic Torch for the 2002 Winter Games.
In 2003, the Iditarod Trail Committee approved her request under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for special accommodations to compete in the much longer and more rigorous Iditarod. Scdoris completed the qualifying races in 2004, placing 11th in the 350-mile (563 km) Race to the Sky in Montana, and 6th in the 400-mile (644 km) John Beargrease Mid-Distance Marathon in Minnesota.
On March 5 she started the 2005 Iditarod in Anchorage, Alaska, with "visual interpreter" Paul Ellering, who warned her of trail conditions by radio or shouting. The two-way radios broke several times during the race during crashes, which are relatively common especially among rookies. "I had a nice little encounter with a tree... the tree won". She eventually had to quit the race because her dogs showed signs of sickness.
In the 2006 Iditarod, Rachael Scdoris fell asleep while mushing and became separated from Tim Osmar, her visual guide. She awoke in a place that had no tracks from other dog teams, which meant that her dogs had no scent to follow. Scdoris guided her team over jumble ice and open leads into the Koyuk checkpoint:"Scdoris said she had fallen asleep on the sled, as many mushers do, and veered off the trail.
'It was so flat and so early in the morning, it was hard not to doze,' Scdoris said. 'I woke up in jumbled ice and no other dog tracks.'
As it turned out, Scdoris was close enough to Koyuk to make out the lights of the village and guide her dog team there."
- Jeannette J. Lee, Associated Press, March 19, 2006
Surname
Scdoris is descended from people named Saadoris, but somehow a typo crept into the official spelling of the name.
References
Further reading
Scdoris, Rachael; Steber, Rick. (2006). No End in Sight: My Life as a Blind Iditarod Racer. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-35273-5. (hardcover version)
Steber, Rick; Scdoris, Rachael. (2004). No End in Sight: The Rachael Scdoris Story. Two Star. ISBN 0-945134-34-7. (paperback version)
External links
Current position from the Official Iditarod site
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"musher"
]
}
|
Rachael Scdoris /səˈdɔərɪs/ (born February 1, 1985, in Bend, Oregon) is an American dog musher and cross country runner who in 2006 became the first legally blind person to complete the 1,049+ mile (1,600 km) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across the U.S. state of Alaska.
Scdoris had her best result in the 2009 Iditarod, taking the Southern route for the first time. Visually guided by Tim Osmar, making his first re-entry into the race since a catastrophic ankle injury incurred while protecting his home from a wildfire in 2007, Scdoris came in 45th, beating her previous best of 57th.
Biography
Scdoris was born with congenital achromatopsia, an uncorrectable visual disorder. Her vision is 20/200, and she is totally color blind.
In 1997, Scdoris competed her first dog sled race, and placed 4th in the Frog Lake Race, and later won several local short-distance races. In 2001, she competed in the 500 mile (805 km) International Pedigree Stage Stop Sled Dog Race, and became the first legally blind person and the youngest musher to complete an event of that distance. Rachael carried the Olympic Torch for the 2002 Winter Games.
In 2003, the Iditarod Trail Committee approved her request under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for special accommodations to compete in the much longer and more rigorous Iditarod. Scdoris completed the qualifying races in 2004, placing 11th in the 350-mile (563 km) Race to the Sky in Montana, and 6th in the 400-mile (644 km) John Beargrease Mid-Distance Marathon in Minnesota.
On March 5 she started the 2005 Iditarod in Anchorage, Alaska, with "visual interpreter" Paul Ellering, who warned her of trail conditions by radio or shouting. The two-way radios broke several times during the race during crashes, which are relatively common especially among rookies. "I had a nice little encounter with a tree... the tree won". She eventually had to quit the race because her dogs showed signs of sickness.
In the 2006 Iditarod, Rachael Scdoris fell asleep while mushing and became separated from Tim Osmar, her visual guide. She awoke in a place that had no tracks from other dog teams, which meant that her dogs had no scent to follow. Scdoris guided her team over jumble ice and open leads into the Koyuk checkpoint:"Scdoris said she had fallen asleep on the sled, as many mushers do, and veered off the trail.
'It was so flat and so early in the morning, it was hard not to doze,' Scdoris said. 'I woke up in jumbled ice and no other dog tracks.'
As it turned out, Scdoris was close enough to Koyuk to make out the lights of the village and guide her dog team there."
- Jeannette J. Lee, Associated Press, March 19, 2006
Surname
Scdoris is descended from people named Saadoris, but somehow a typo crept into the official spelling of the name.
References
Further reading
Scdoris, Rachael; Steber, Rick. (2006). No End in Sight: My Life as a Blind Iditarod Racer. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-35273-5. (hardcover version)
Steber, Rick; Scdoris, Rachael. (2004). No End in Sight: The Rachael Scdoris Story. Two Star. ISBN 0-945134-34-7. (paperback version)
External links
Current position from the Official Iditarod site
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Rachael Scdoris"
]
}
|
Rachael Scdoris /səˈdɔərɪs/ (born February 1, 1985, in Bend, Oregon) is an American dog musher and cross country runner who in 2006 became the first legally blind person to complete the 1,049+ mile (1,600 km) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across the U.S. state of Alaska.
Scdoris had her best result in the 2009 Iditarod, taking the Southern route for the first time. Visually guided by Tim Osmar, making his first re-entry into the race since a catastrophic ankle injury incurred while protecting his home from a wildfire in 2007, Scdoris came in 45th, beating her previous best of 57th.
Biography
Scdoris was born with congenital achromatopsia, an uncorrectable visual disorder. Her vision is 20/200, and she is totally color blind.
In 1997, Scdoris competed her first dog sled race, and placed 4th in the Frog Lake Race, and later won several local short-distance races. In 2001, she competed in the 500 mile (805 km) International Pedigree Stage Stop Sled Dog Race, and became the first legally blind person and the youngest musher to complete an event of that distance. Rachael carried the Olympic Torch for the 2002 Winter Games.
In 2003, the Iditarod Trail Committee approved her request under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for special accommodations to compete in the much longer and more rigorous Iditarod. Scdoris completed the qualifying races in 2004, placing 11th in the 350-mile (563 km) Race to the Sky in Montana, and 6th in the 400-mile (644 km) John Beargrease Mid-Distance Marathon in Minnesota.
On March 5 she started the 2005 Iditarod in Anchorage, Alaska, with "visual interpreter" Paul Ellering, who warned her of trail conditions by radio or shouting. The two-way radios broke several times during the race during crashes, which are relatively common especially among rookies. "I had a nice little encounter with a tree... the tree won". She eventually had to quit the race because her dogs showed signs of sickness.
In the 2006 Iditarod, Rachael Scdoris fell asleep while mushing and became separated from Tim Osmar, her visual guide. She awoke in a place that had no tracks from other dog teams, which meant that her dogs had no scent to follow. Scdoris guided her team over jumble ice and open leads into the Koyuk checkpoint:"Scdoris said she had fallen asleep on the sled, as many mushers do, and veered off the trail.
'It was so flat and so early in the morning, it was hard not to doze,' Scdoris said. 'I woke up in jumbled ice and no other dog tracks.'
As it turned out, Scdoris was close enough to Koyuk to make out the lights of the village and guide her dog team there."
- Jeannette J. Lee, Associated Press, March 19, 2006
Surname
Scdoris is descended from people named Saadoris, but somehow a typo crept into the official spelling of the name.
References
Further reading
Scdoris, Rachael; Steber, Rick. (2006). No End in Sight: My Life as a Blind Iditarod Racer. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-35273-5. (hardcover version)
Steber, Rick; Scdoris, Rachael. (2004). No End in Sight: The Rachael Scdoris Story. Two Star. ISBN 0-945134-34-7. (paperback version)
External links
Current position from the Official Iditarod site
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Rachael"
]
}
|
Rachael Scdoris /səˈdɔərɪs/ (born February 1, 1985, in Bend, Oregon) is an American dog musher and cross country runner who in 2006 became the first legally blind person to complete the 1,049+ mile (1,600 km) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across the U.S. state of Alaska.
Scdoris had her best result in the 2009 Iditarod, taking the Southern route for the first time. Visually guided by Tim Osmar, making his first re-entry into the race since a catastrophic ankle injury incurred while protecting his home from a wildfire in 2007, Scdoris came in 45th, beating her previous best of 57th.
Biography
Scdoris was born with congenital achromatopsia, an uncorrectable visual disorder. Her vision is 20/200, and she is totally color blind.
In 1997, Scdoris competed her first dog sled race, and placed 4th in the Frog Lake Race, and later won several local short-distance races. In 2001, she competed in the 500 mile (805 km) International Pedigree Stage Stop Sled Dog Race, and became the first legally blind person and the youngest musher to complete an event of that distance. Rachael carried the Olympic Torch for the 2002 Winter Games.
In 2003, the Iditarod Trail Committee approved her request under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for special accommodations to compete in the much longer and more rigorous Iditarod. Scdoris completed the qualifying races in 2004, placing 11th in the 350-mile (563 km) Race to the Sky in Montana, and 6th in the 400-mile (644 km) John Beargrease Mid-Distance Marathon in Minnesota.
On March 5 she started the 2005 Iditarod in Anchorage, Alaska, with "visual interpreter" Paul Ellering, who warned her of trail conditions by radio or shouting. The two-way radios broke several times during the race during crashes, which are relatively common especially among rookies. "I had a nice little encounter with a tree... the tree won". She eventually had to quit the race because her dogs showed signs of sickness.
In the 2006 Iditarod, Rachael Scdoris fell asleep while mushing and became separated from Tim Osmar, her visual guide. She awoke in a place that had no tracks from other dog teams, which meant that her dogs had no scent to follow. Scdoris guided her team over jumble ice and open leads into the Koyuk checkpoint:"Scdoris said she had fallen asleep on the sled, as many mushers do, and veered off the trail.
'It was so flat and so early in the morning, it was hard not to doze,' Scdoris said. 'I woke up in jumbled ice and no other dog tracks.'
As it turned out, Scdoris was close enough to Koyuk to make out the lights of the village and guide her dog team there."
- Jeannette J. Lee, Associated Press, March 19, 2006
Surname
Scdoris is descended from people named Saadoris, but somehow a typo crept into the official spelling of the name.
References
Further reading
Scdoris, Rachael; Steber, Rick. (2006). No End in Sight: My Life as a Blind Iditarod Racer. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-35273-5. (hardcover version)
Steber, Rick; Scdoris, Rachael. (2004). No End in Sight: The Rachael Scdoris Story. Two Star. ISBN 0-945134-34-7. (paperback version)
External links
Current position from the Official Iditarod site
|
participant in
|
{
"answer_start": [
1558
],
"text": [
"2005 Iditarod"
]
}
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.