texts
stringlengths 57
72.4k
| questions
stringlengths 4
60
| answers
dict |
|---|---|---|
James Albert Creighton (November 18, 1905 – May 29, 1990) was an ice hockey player and politician from Brandon, Manitoba.
Creighton played eleven games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Falcons in 1931, scoring one goal and receiving one minor penalty. He was traded to the New York Americans in December 1931, but never played for the team. He later worked in the IHL and the Can-Am Leagues. Creighton became a professional hockey referee after retiring as a player, and later worked as a general insurance salesman.
He served as an alderman in Brandon in 1946, 1948 and 1949, and was mayor of the city from 1952 to 1955 and from 1958 to 1961.
Creighton won the Liberal-Progressive nomination for Brandon City in the 1953 provincial election, defeating W.A. Wood and J.C. MacDonald at a contested meeting. He lost to Progressive Conservative candidate Reginald Lissaman in the general election, receiving 3,063 votes (40.13%) on the first count and losing on the second. Provincial elections in Manitoba were conducted by the single transferable ballot in this period.
Later in the same year, Creighton ran for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1953 federal election as a Liberal candidate in Brandon—Souris. He received 8,456 votes, and finished second to Progressive Conservative Walter Dinsdale. He ran for the Manitoba legislature a second time in the 1962, and lost to Lissaman again.
He suffered from Parkinson's disease in his later years, and was eventually confined to a nursing home prior to his death in 1990.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database
LostHockey.com obituaries | total goals in career | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"1"
]
} |
James Albert Creighton (November 18, 1905 – May 29, 1990) was an ice hockey player and politician from Brandon, Manitoba.
Creighton played eleven games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Falcons in 1931, scoring one goal and receiving one minor penalty. He was traded to the New York Americans in December 1931, but never played for the team. He later worked in the IHL and the Can-Am Leagues. Creighton became a professional hockey referee after retiring as a player, and later worked as a general insurance salesman.
He served as an alderman in Brandon in 1946, 1948 and 1949, and was mayor of the city from 1952 to 1955 and from 1958 to 1961.
Creighton won the Liberal-Progressive nomination for Brandon City in the 1953 provincial election, defeating W.A. Wood and J.C. MacDonald at a contested meeting. He lost to Progressive Conservative candidate Reginald Lissaman in the general election, receiving 3,063 votes (40.13%) on the first count and losing on the second. Provincial elections in Manitoba were conducted by the single transferable ballot in this period.
Later in the same year, Creighton ran for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1953 federal election as a Liberal candidate in Brandon—Souris. He received 8,456 votes, and finished second to Progressive Conservative Walter Dinsdale. He ran for the Manitoba legislature a second time in the 1962, and lost to Lissaman again.
He suffered from Parkinson's disease in his later years, and was eventually confined to a nursing home prior to his death in 1990.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database
LostHockey.com obituaries | total points in career | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"1"
]
} |
James Albert Creighton (November 18, 1905 – May 29, 1990) was an ice hockey player and politician from Brandon, Manitoba.
Creighton played eleven games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Falcons in 1931, scoring one goal and receiving one minor penalty. He was traded to the New York Americans in December 1931, but never played for the team. He later worked in the IHL and the Can-Am Leagues. Creighton became a professional hockey referee after retiring as a player, and later worked as a general insurance salesman.
He served as an alderman in Brandon in 1946, 1948 and 1949, and was mayor of the city from 1952 to 1955 and from 1958 to 1961.
Creighton won the Liberal-Progressive nomination for Brandon City in the 1953 provincial election, defeating W.A. Wood and J.C. MacDonald at a contested meeting. He lost to Progressive Conservative candidate Reginald Lissaman in the general election, receiving 3,063 votes (40.13%) on the first count and losing on the second. Provincial elections in Manitoba were conducted by the single transferable ballot in this period.
Later in the same year, Creighton ran for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1953 federal election as a Liberal candidate in Brandon—Souris. He received 8,456 votes, and finished second to Progressive Conservative Walter Dinsdale. He ran for the Manitoba legislature a second time in the 1962, and lost to Lissaman again.
He suffered from Parkinson's disease in his later years, and was eventually confined to a nursing home prior to his death in 1990.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database
LostHockey.com obituaries | total assists in career | {
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"0"
]
} |
James Albert Creighton (November 18, 1905 – May 29, 1990) was an ice hockey player and politician from Brandon, Manitoba.
Creighton played eleven games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Falcons in 1931, scoring one goal and receiving one minor penalty. He was traded to the New York Americans in December 1931, but never played for the team. He later worked in the IHL and the Can-Am Leagues. Creighton became a professional hockey referee after retiring as a player, and later worked as a general insurance salesman.
He served as an alderman in Brandon in 1946, 1948 and 1949, and was mayor of the city from 1952 to 1955 and from 1958 to 1961.
Creighton won the Liberal-Progressive nomination for Brandon City in the 1953 provincial election, defeating W.A. Wood and J.C. MacDonald at a contested meeting. He lost to Progressive Conservative candidate Reginald Lissaman in the general election, receiving 3,063 votes (40.13%) on the first count and losing on the second. Provincial elections in Manitoba were conducted by the single transferable ballot in this period.
Later in the same year, Creighton ran for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1953 federal election as a Liberal candidate in Brandon—Souris. He received 8,456 votes, and finished second to Progressive Conservative Walter Dinsdale. He ran for the Manitoba legislature a second time in the 1962, and lost to Lissaman again.
He suffered from Parkinson's disease in his later years, and was eventually confined to a nursing home prior to his death in 1990.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database
LostHockey.com obituaries | penalty minutes in career | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"2"
]
} |
Wilfred "Wilf" Mott is a recurring fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by Bernard Cribbins. He is the grandfather of the Tenth Doctor's companion Donna Noble, and father of her mother, Sylvia Noble. As companion to the Doctor, an alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, Donna travelled through space and time in the show's 2008 series, having numerous adventures. A believer in extraterrestrial life himself, Wilfred was proud of his granddaughter's adventures and helped to keep them a secret from her overbearing mother. He later became the Tenth Doctor's final companion in "The End of Time".
Cribbins was originally intended to appear only in the 2007 Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", but when Howard Attfield was forced to retire from his role as Donna's father, Geoff Noble, due to illness (Attfield subsequently died), creator Russell T Davies reconceived Cribbins' role as Donna's grandfather and replaced Attfield with him for the fourth series. In May 2022, Cribbins was reportedly due to reprise the role for the series' 60th anniversary special in 2023, having been spotted on the set of the special. This will mark the final appearance of Mott and Cribbins's final acting role after the actor died on 27 July 2022.
Character history
Wilfred Mott first appears in "Voyage of the Damned" (2007). The Doctor and Astrid Peth meet him shortly after teleporting down to Earth. He mans a newspaper stand, and is one of the few people to remain in London over Christmas following the bizarre events during each Christmas in recent years ("The Christmas Invasion" and "The Runaway Bride"). He is a staunch monarchist. He witnesses the Doctor and Astrid being teleported back to the intergalactic cruiser Titanic.Donna Noble calls him "Gramps". In the episode "Partners in Crime", Wilfred is revealed to be an amateur astronomer who spends his evenings stargazing with his telescope from an allotment. He has an interest in alien conspiracies, and is somewhat eccentric in his beliefs. He has a good relationship with his granddaughter who joins him on the allotment when she wishes to escape her mother's nagging. Donna asks him to tell her if he ever sees "a little blue box" and vaguely describes the Doctor to him. After Donna joins the Doctor, the pair make a fly-by of the allotment in the TARDIS, its door open, which astonishes Wilfred. Donna waves to him from the TARDIS door and he is elated to see that she is following her desire for adventure. Wilfred wears on his hat the badge of the Parachute Regiment, in which Cribbins served during his National Service.In "The Sontaran Strategem", Wilfred is reunited with his granddaughter and the Doctor, whom (Donna is shocked to learn) he has met previously. His absence in "The Runaway Bride" is explained by him being ill with what he believed to be Spanish flu. When the ATMOS devices activate, he is trapped in the family car where the Doctor and Donna try to rescue him; the episode ends with him still trapped and choking in his car. In "The Poison Sky", Sylvia saves him by smashing the windscreen with an axe kept by the front door of her house.
In a parallel world in "Turn Left", in which the Doctor died without ever meeting Donna, Donna wins a holiday for her family in the country, and Wilfred is thus not at his news stand at Christmas as otherwise depicted in "Voyage of the Damned". Without the Doctor, the interstellar cruiser Titanic crashes into Central London, obliterating the metropolis in a massive nuclear explosion. Following the disaster, the United States pledges much-needed aid to the collapsing United Kingdom, prompting Wilfred to shout "God bless America!", though the anticipated aid is cancelled after millions in the U.S. are killed as a result of Miss Foster's selection of the U.S. as a breeding ground for the Adipose. Wilfred and his family are evacuated to Leeds with countless other refugees. They share an apartment with an Italian immigrant family, who initially annoy the Nobles but who Wilfred quickly befriends. References are made there to his military service: an Italian immigrant friend calls him "my captain" and salutes him as he leaves. Wilfred becomes distressed when his friend is taken to a labour camp when a new far-right government places Britain under martial law, noting, "that's what they called them last time," alluding to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
In "The Stolen Earth", Wilfred takes it upon himself to fight the Daleks, armed with a paintball gun, reasoning that shooting them in the eyepiece will blind them. The Dalek he attempts to blind dissolves the paint from its eyepiece, and states: "My vision is not impaired". He and Sylvia are rescued from the Dalek by Rose Tyler who destroys the Dalek and returns with them to their home to try to contact the Doctor. Due to Wilfred not owning a webcam, his computer can only provide Rose with one-way communication of former Prime Minister Harriet Jones' video conference with her militia of the Doctor's companions. Wilfred is impressed by Harriet, remarking he voted for her; only for Sylvia to remark he did not. He watches in shock as Harriet is exterminated by the Daleks on the computer.
In "Journey's End" because Donna's memory was wiped, Wilfred sees the Doctor off on her behalf, and promises whenever he looks up at the stars, he'll think of the Doctor, whom he considers a very close friend and almost a family member. Against Sylvia's claims that Donna was just as good before travelling with the Time Lord, Wilfred stands his ground and compels his daughter to admit that the Doctor made Donna a better person. While he agrees to keep the Doctor a secret, he also promises to keep watch for him in Donna's place in memory of his actions.
Wilfred returns one last time in "The End of Time", in which he has repeated visions of the Master. He then repeatedly meets an unnamed woman and discovers depictions of the TARDIS included in historical art. He searches for and finds the Doctor. The Doctor has come to Earth to find the Master, and Wilfred promptly joins him as a companion, the Doctor tries to stop him but partially because he does not want to deal with his furious daughter. The mysterious woman appears on television to tell Wilfred that he must take arms, prompting him to carry his old service revolver from his service in the British Army. The Doctor begins to suspect that something is keeping Wilfred close to him. They go to Joshua Naismith's mansion, where the Master turns the human race into himself, but Wilfred is protected by the Doctor by placing him inside a chamber shielded from radiation. The Doctor and Wilfred are captured by the Master, but are rescued by two aliens, Addams and Rossiter. Donna, who survived the incident, places a cell phone call to Wilfred which the Master tracks, but she kills her pursuers when a fail-safe mechanism placed by the Doctor to suppress her memories activates. On the alien ship after being rescued, Wilfred tries to convince the Doctor to take his gun and kill the Master but fails. During the following missile attack on their ship, Wilfred gleefully mans a laser cannon to defend the ship. Upon their return to Earth, Wilfred traps himself in the radiation booth again while freeing a technician trapped in there and watches the Doctor's confrontation with the Master and Rassilon. Afterwards, when the Doctor thinks he is safe, Wilfred fulfills the prophecy that "he will knock four times" by knocking four times on the door to get the Doctor's attention. As the booth is about to be flooded with radiation, the Doctor blames himself for not stopping Wilfred from coming with him, had he known he would die. In order to free Wilfred, the Doctor must sacrifice himself by exposing himself to the radiation instead. Wilfred tells him to go, saying he has lived his life, but the Doctor saves him anyway, telling him "It's my honour." The radiation the Doctor absorbs to save Wilfred forces him to regenerate into his eleventh incarnation. Wilfred felt it's his fault for not listened to the Doctor to stay at home or at the TARDIS or kill the Master himself. He is last seen at Donna's wedding, Wilfred is again visited by the dying Tenth Doctor, who gives him and Sylvia a winning lottery ticket as a wedding present for Donna. The Doctor had purchased the ticket with money borrowed in the past from Wilfred's late son-in-law, Geoff Noble. As the Doctor leaves for the last time, Wilfred tearfully salutes him.
Wilfred is set to appear in the series' 2023 60th Anniversary specials, which will serve as the character's final appearances following Cribbin's death in 2022.
Production
Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins who appeared in the second Doctor Who film, Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, as companion Special Constable Tom Campbell, a character replacing that of Ian Chesterton from the television serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth on which the film was based. Cribbins was also considered for the fourth Doctor in 1974. In 2006, he became part of the revived series when a photograph of him at a wedding was used in the BBC's tie-in website for "Tooth and Claw". Cribbins also played a rock band manager in the Eighth Doctor radio play "Horror of Glam Rock" broadcast on BBC 7 in 2007.
Cribbins brought elements of his own costume for the role when filming "Voyage of the Damned", such as the hat with the Parachute Regiment badge from his National Service days.Producer Phil Collinson stated in an interview for SFX that Wilfred Mott will "crop up again in the series several times". Collinson says of Cribbins "it's a great privilege to have him on set, he's wonderful" and "now we’ve got him we’re keeping him! He is brilliant." Wilfred is not "strictly speaking" linked to Series 4's joining thread, but in the commentary for the first episode, it was suggested that his meeting the Doctor in the Christmas special may not have been accidental.Following Wilfred Mott's appearance in "Voyage of the Damned", the character was reintroduced as a recurring character and it was established that he is Donna Noble's grandfather. The character replaces that of Donna's father, Geoff Noble, played by Howard Attfield in "The Runaway Bride", because Attfield died after filming scenes for "Partners in Crime". Collinson had the idea that Wilfred should be Donna's grandfather after Executive Producer Russell T Davies had decided that a grandfather character should replace the father character after Attfield's death. Davies and fellow Executive Producer Julie Gardner liked the idea, so Davies wrote Wilfred into "Partners in Crime". The character Cribbins portrayed in "Voyage of the Damned" was originally to have been called "Stan", but Davies felt that this was not a suitable name for a recurring character and renamed him "Wilfred". Davies was able to get the credits for "Voyage of the Damned" changed before its broadcast for consistency.
Reception
Laura Pledger of Radio Times named Cribbins the best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "When he wasn't making you smile, Wilfred Mott broke your heart". SFX placed the character at number 13 in a 2009 article listing the 27 things they loved best about the revival of Doctor Who.
References
External links
Wilfred Mott on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
Wilfred Mott on BBC's Doctor Who website | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
3651
],
"text": [
"United Kingdom"
]
} |
Wilfred "Wilf" Mott is a recurring fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by Bernard Cribbins. He is the grandfather of the Tenth Doctor's companion Donna Noble, and father of her mother, Sylvia Noble. As companion to the Doctor, an alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, Donna travelled through space and time in the show's 2008 series, having numerous adventures. A believer in extraterrestrial life himself, Wilfred was proud of his granddaughter's adventures and helped to keep them a secret from her overbearing mother. He later became the Tenth Doctor's final companion in "The End of Time".
Cribbins was originally intended to appear only in the 2007 Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", but when Howard Attfield was forced to retire from his role as Donna's father, Geoff Noble, due to illness (Attfield subsequently died), creator Russell T Davies reconceived Cribbins' role as Donna's grandfather and replaced Attfield with him for the fourth series. In May 2022, Cribbins was reportedly due to reprise the role for the series' 60th anniversary special in 2023, having been spotted on the set of the special. This will mark the final appearance of Mott and Cribbins's final acting role after the actor died on 27 July 2022.
Character history
Wilfred Mott first appears in "Voyage of the Damned" (2007). The Doctor and Astrid Peth meet him shortly after teleporting down to Earth. He mans a newspaper stand, and is one of the few people to remain in London over Christmas following the bizarre events during each Christmas in recent years ("The Christmas Invasion" and "The Runaway Bride"). He is a staunch monarchist. He witnesses the Doctor and Astrid being teleported back to the intergalactic cruiser Titanic.Donna Noble calls him "Gramps". In the episode "Partners in Crime", Wilfred is revealed to be an amateur astronomer who spends his evenings stargazing with his telescope from an allotment. He has an interest in alien conspiracies, and is somewhat eccentric in his beliefs. He has a good relationship with his granddaughter who joins him on the allotment when she wishes to escape her mother's nagging. Donna asks him to tell her if he ever sees "a little blue box" and vaguely describes the Doctor to him. After Donna joins the Doctor, the pair make a fly-by of the allotment in the TARDIS, its door open, which astonishes Wilfred. Donna waves to him from the TARDIS door and he is elated to see that she is following her desire for adventure. Wilfred wears on his hat the badge of the Parachute Regiment, in which Cribbins served during his National Service.In "The Sontaran Strategem", Wilfred is reunited with his granddaughter and the Doctor, whom (Donna is shocked to learn) he has met previously. His absence in "The Runaway Bride" is explained by him being ill with what he believed to be Spanish flu. When the ATMOS devices activate, he is trapped in the family car where the Doctor and Donna try to rescue him; the episode ends with him still trapped and choking in his car. In "The Poison Sky", Sylvia saves him by smashing the windscreen with an axe kept by the front door of her house.
In a parallel world in "Turn Left", in which the Doctor died without ever meeting Donna, Donna wins a holiday for her family in the country, and Wilfred is thus not at his news stand at Christmas as otherwise depicted in "Voyage of the Damned". Without the Doctor, the interstellar cruiser Titanic crashes into Central London, obliterating the metropolis in a massive nuclear explosion. Following the disaster, the United States pledges much-needed aid to the collapsing United Kingdom, prompting Wilfred to shout "God bless America!", though the anticipated aid is cancelled after millions in the U.S. are killed as a result of Miss Foster's selection of the U.S. as a breeding ground for the Adipose. Wilfred and his family are evacuated to Leeds with countless other refugees. They share an apartment with an Italian immigrant family, who initially annoy the Nobles but who Wilfred quickly befriends. References are made there to his military service: an Italian immigrant friend calls him "my captain" and salutes him as he leaves. Wilfred becomes distressed when his friend is taken to a labour camp when a new far-right government places Britain under martial law, noting, "that's what they called them last time," alluding to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
In "The Stolen Earth", Wilfred takes it upon himself to fight the Daleks, armed with a paintball gun, reasoning that shooting them in the eyepiece will blind them. The Dalek he attempts to blind dissolves the paint from its eyepiece, and states: "My vision is not impaired". He and Sylvia are rescued from the Dalek by Rose Tyler who destroys the Dalek and returns with them to their home to try to contact the Doctor. Due to Wilfred not owning a webcam, his computer can only provide Rose with one-way communication of former Prime Minister Harriet Jones' video conference with her militia of the Doctor's companions. Wilfred is impressed by Harriet, remarking he voted for her; only for Sylvia to remark he did not. He watches in shock as Harriet is exterminated by the Daleks on the computer.
In "Journey's End" because Donna's memory was wiped, Wilfred sees the Doctor off on her behalf, and promises whenever he looks up at the stars, he'll think of the Doctor, whom he considers a very close friend and almost a family member. Against Sylvia's claims that Donna was just as good before travelling with the Time Lord, Wilfred stands his ground and compels his daughter to admit that the Doctor made Donna a better person. While he agrees to keep the Doctor a secret, he also promises to keep watch for him in Donna's place in memory of his actions.
Wilfred returns one last time in "The End of Time", in which he has repeated visions of the Master. He then repeatedly meets an unnamed woman and discovers depictions of the TARDIS included in historical art. He searches for and finds the Doctor. The Doctor has come to Earth to find the Master, and Wilfred promptly joins him as a companion, the Doctor tries to stop him but partially because he does not want to deal with his furious daughter. The mysterious woman appears on television to tell Wilfred that he must take arms, prompting him to carry his old service revolver from his service in the British Army. The Doctor begins to suspect that something is keeping Wilfred close to him. They go to Joshua Naismith's mansion, where the Master turns the human race into himself, but Wilfred is protected by the Doctor by placing him inside a chamber shielded from radiation. The Doctor and Wilfred are captured by the Master, but are rescued by two aliens, Addams and Rossiter. Donna, who survived the incident, places a cell phone call to Wilfred which the Master tracks, but she kills her pursuers when a fail-safe mechanism placed by the Doctor to suppress her memories activates. On the alien ship after being rescued, Wilfred tries to convince the Doctor to take his gun and kill the Master but fails. During the following missile attack on their ship, Wilfred gleefully mans a laser cannon to defend the ship. Upon their return to Earth, Wilfred traps himself in the radiation booth again while freeing a technician trapped in there and watches the Doctor's confrontation with the Master and Rassilon. Afterwards, when the Doctor thinks he is safe, Wilfred fulfills the prophecy that "he will knock four times" by knocking four times on the door to get the Doctor's attention. As the booth is about to be flooded with radiation, the Doctor blames himself for not stopping Wilfred from coming with him, had he known he would die. In order to free Wilfred, the Doctor must sacrifice himself by exposing himself to the radiation instead. Wilfred tells him to go, saying he has lived his life, but the Doctor saves him anyway, telling him "It's my honour." The radiation the Doctor absorbs to save Wilfred forces him to regenerate into his eleventh incarnation. Wilfred felt it's his fault for not listened to the Doctor to stay at home or at the TARDIS or kill the Master himself. He is last seen at Donna's wedding, Wilfred is again visited by the dying Tenth Doctor, who gives him and Sylvia a winning lottery ticket as a wedding present for Donna. The Doctor had purchased the ticket with money borrowed in the past from Wilfred's late son-in-law, Geoff Noble. As the Doctor leaves for the last time, Wilfred tearfully salutes him.
Wilfred is set to appear in the series' 2023 60th Anniversary specials, which will serve as the character's final appearances following Cribbin's death in 2022.
Production
Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins who appeared in the second Doctor Who film, Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, as companion Special Constable Tom Campbell, a character replacing that of Ian Chesterton from the television serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth on which the film was based. Cribbins was also considered for the fourth Doctor in 1974. In 2006, he became part of the revived series when a photograph of him at a wedding was used in the BBC's tie-in website for "Tooth and Claw". Cribbins also played a rock band manager in the Eighth Doctor radio play "Horror of Glam Rock" broadcast on BBC 7 in 2007.
Cribbins brought elements of his own costume for the role when filming "Voyage of the Damned", such as the hat with the Parachute Regiment badge from his National Service days.Producer Phil Collinson stated in an interview for SFX that Wilfred Mott will "crop up again in the series several times". Collinson says of Cribbins "it's a great privilege to have him on set, he's wonderful" and "now we’ve got him we’re keeping him! He is brilliant." Wilfred is not "strictly speaking" linked to Series 4's joining thread, but in the commentary for the first episode, it was suggested that his meeting the Doctor in the Christmas special may not have been accidental.Following Wilfred Mott's appearance in "Voyage of the Damned", the character was reintroduced as a recurring character and it was established that he is Donna Noble's grandfather. The character replaces that of Donna's father, Geoff Noble, played by Howard Attfield in "The Runaway Bride", because Attfield died after filming scenes for "Partners in Crime". Collinson had the idea that Wilfred should be Donna's grandfather after Executive Producer Russell T Davies had decided that a grandfather character should replace the father character after Attfield's death. Davies and fellow Executive Producer Julie Gardner liked the idea, so Davies wrote Wilfred into "Partners in Crime". The character Cribbins portrayed in "Voyage of the Damned" was originally to have been called "Stan", but Davies felt that this was not a suitable name for a recurring character and renamed him "Wilfred". Davies was able to get the credits for "Voyage of the Damned" changed before its broadcast for consistency.
Reception
Laura Pledger of Radio Times named Cribbins the best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "When he wasn't making you smile, Wilfred Mott broke your heart". SFX placed the character at number 13 in a 2009 article listing the 27 things they loved best about the revival of Doctor Who.
References
External links
Wilfred Mott on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
Wilfred Mott on BBC's Doctor Who website | child | {
"answer_start": [
237
],
"text": [
"Sylvia Noble"
]
} |
Wilfred "Wilf" Mott is a recurring fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by Bernard Cribbins. He is the grandfather of the Tenth Doctor's companion Donna Noble, and father of her mother, Sylvia Noble. As companion to the Doctor, an alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, Donna travelled through space and time in the show's 2008 series, having numerous adventures. A believer in extraterrestrial life himself, Wilfred was proud of his granddaughter's adventures and helped to keep them a secret from her overbearing mother. He later became the Tenth Doctor's final companion in "The End of Time".
Cribbins was originally intended to appear only in the 2007 Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", but when Howard Attfield was forced to retire from his role as Donna's father, Geoff Noble, due to illness (Attfield subsequently died), creator Russell T Davies reconceived Cribbins' role as Donna's grandfather and replaced Attfield with him for the fourth series. In May 2022, Cribbins was reportedly due to reprise the role for the series' 60th anniversary special in 2023, having been spotted on the set of the special. This will mark the final appearance of Mott and Cribbins's final acting role after the actor died on 27 July 2022.
Character history
Wilfred Mott first appears in "Voyage of the Damned" (2007). The Doctor and Astrid Peth meet him shortly after teleporting down to Earth. He mans a newspaper stand, and is one of the few people to remain in London over Christmas following the bizarre events during each Christmas in recent years ("The Christmas Invasion" and "The Runaway Bride"). He is a staunch monarchist. He witnesses the Doctor and Astrid being teleported back to the intergalactic cruiser Titanic.Donna Noble calls him "Gramps". In the episode "Partners in Crime", Wilfred is revealed to be an amateur astronomer who spends his evenings stargazing with his telescope from an allotment. He has an interest in alien conspiracies, and is somewhat eccentric in his beliefs. He has a good relationship with his granddaughter who joins him on the allotment when she wishes to escape her mother's nagging. Donna asks him to tell her if he ever sees "a little blue box" and vaguely describes the Doctor to him. After Donna joins the Doctor, the pair make a fly-by of the allotment in the TARDIS, its door open, which astonishes Wilfred. Donna waves to him from the TARDIS door and he is elated to see that she is following her desire for adventure. Wilfred wears on his hat the badge of the Parachute Regiment, in which Cribbins served during his National Service.In "The Sontaran Strategem", Wilfred is reunited with his granddaughter and the Doctor, whom (Donna is shocked to learn) he has met previously. His absence in "The Runaway Bride" is explained by him being ill with what he believed to be Spanish flu. When the ATMOS devices activate, he is trapped in the family car where the Doctor and Donna try to rescue him; the episode ends with him still trapped and choking in his car. In "The Poison Sky", Sylvia saves him by smashing the windscreen with an axe kept by the front door of her house.
In a parallel world in "Turn Left", in which the Doctor died without ever meeting Donna, Donna wins a holiday for her family in the country, and Wilfred is thus not at his news stand at Christmas as otherwise depicted in "Voyage of the Damned". Without the Doctor, the interstellar cruiser Titanic crashes into Central London, obliterating the metropolis in a massive nuclear explosion. Following the disaster, the United States pledges much-needed aid to the collapsing United Kingdom, prompting Wilfred to shout "God bless America!", though the anticipated aid is cancelled after millions in the U.S. are killed as a result of Miss Foster's selection of the U.S. as a breeding ground for the Adipose. Wilfred and his family are evacuated to Leeds with countless other refugees. They share an apartment with an Italian immigrant family, who initially annoy the Nobles but who Wilfred quickly befriends. References are made there to his military service: an Italian immigrant friend calls him "my captain" and salutes him as he leaves. Wilfred becomes distressed when his friend is taken to a labour camp when a new far-right government places Britain under martial law, noting, "that's what they called them last time," alluding to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
In "The Stolen Earth", Wilfred takes it upon himself to fight the Daleks, armed with a paintball gun, reasoning that shooting them in the eyepiece will blind them. The Dalek he attempts to blind dissolves the paint from its eyepiece, and states: "My vision is not impaired". He and Sylvia are rescued from the Dalek by Rose Tyler who destroys the Dalek and returns with them to their home to try to contact the Doctor. Due to Wilfred not owning a webcam, his computer can only provide Rose with one-way communication of former Prime Minister Harriet Jones' video conference with her militia of the Doctor's companions. Wilfred is impressed by Harriet, remarking he voted for her; only for Sylvia to remark he did not. He watches in shock as Harriet is exterminated by the Daleks on the computer.
In "Journey's End" because Donna's memory was wiped, Wilfred sees the Doctor off on her behalf, and promises whenever he looks up at the stars, he'll think of the Doctor, whom he considers a very close friend and almost a family member. Against Sylvia's claims that Donna was just as good before travelling with the Time Lord, Wilfred stands his ground and compels his daughter to admit that the Doctor made Donna a better person. While he agrees to keep the Doctor a secret, he also promises to keep watch for him in Donna's place in memory of his actions.
Wilfred returns one last time in "The End of Time", in which he has repeated visions of the Master. He then repeatedly meets an unnamed woman and discovers depictions of the TARDIS included in historical art. He searches for and finds the Doctor. The Doctor has come to Earth to find the Master, and Wilfred promptly joins him as a companion, the Doctor tries to stop him but partially because he does not want to deal with his furious daughter. The mysterious woman appears on television to tell Wilfred that he must take arms, prompting him to carry his old service revolver from his service in the British Army. The Doctor begins to suspect that something is keeping Wilfred close to him. They go to Joshua Naismith's mansion, where the Master turns the human race into himself, but Wilfred is protected by the Doctor by placing him inside a chamber shielded from radiation. The Doctor and Wilfred are captured by the Master, but are rescued by two aliens, Addams and Rossiter. Donna, who survived the incident, places a cell phone call to Wilfred which the Master tracks, but she kills her pursuers when a fail-safe mechanism placed by the Doctor to suppress her memories activates. On the alien ship after being rescued, Wilfred tries to convince the Doctor to take his gun and kill the Master but fails. During the following missile attack on their ship, Wilfred gleefully mans a laser cannon to defend the ship. Upon their return to Earth, Wilfred traps himself in the radiation booth again while freeing a technician trapped in there and watches the Doctor's confrontation with the Master and Rassilon. Afterwards, when the Doctor thinks he is safe, Wilfred fulfills the prophecy that "he will knock four times" by knocking four times on the door to get the Doctor's attention. As the booth is about to be flooded with radiation, the Doctor blames himself for not stopping Wilfred from coming with him, had he known he would die. In order to free Wilfred, the Doctor must sacrifice himself by exposing himself to the radiation instead. Wilfred tells him to go, saying he has lived his life, but the Doctor saves him anyway, telling him "It's my honour." The radiation the Doctor absorbs to save Wilfred forces him to regenerate into his eleventh incarnation. Wilfred felt it's his fault for not listened to the Doctor to stay at home or at the TARDIS or kill the Master himself. He is last seen at Donna's wedding, Wilfred is again visited by the dying Tenth Doctor, who gives him and Sylvia a winning lottery ticket as a wedding present for Donna. The Doctor had purchased the ticket with money borrowed in the past from Wilfred's late son-in-law, Geoff Noble. As the Doctor leaves for the last time, Wilfred tearfully salutes him.
Wilfred is set to appear in the series' 2023 60th Anniversary specials, which will serve as the character's final appearances following Cribbin's death in 2022.
Production
Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins who appeared in the second Doctor Who film, Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, as companion Special Constable Tom Campbell, a character replacing that of Ian Chesterton from the television serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth on which the film was based. Cribbins was also considered for the fourth Doctor in 1974. In 2006, he became part of the revived series when a photograph of him at a wedding was used in the BBC's tie-in website for "Tooth and Claw". Cribbins also played a rock band manager in the Eighth Doctor radio play "Horror of Glam Rock" broadcast on BBC 7 in 2007.
Cribbins brought elements of his own costume for the role when filming "Voyage of the Damned", such as the hat with the Parachute Regiment badge from his National Service days.Producer Phil Collinson stated in an interview for SFX that Wilfred Mott will "crop up again in the series several times". Collinson says of Cribbins "it's a great privilege to have him on set, he's wonderful" and "now we’ve got him we’re keeping him! He is brilliant." Wilfred is not "strictly speaking" linked to Series 4's joining thread, but in the commentary for the first episode, it was suggested that his meeting the Doctor in the Christmas special may not have been accidental.Following Wilfred Mott's appearance in "Voyage of the Damned", the character was reintroduced as a recurring character and it was established that he is Donna Noble's grandfather. The character replaces that of Donna's father, Geoff Noble, played by Howard Attfield in "The Runaway Bride", because Attfield died after filming scenes for "Partners in Crime". Collinson had the idea that Wilfred should be Donna's grandfather after Executive Producer Russell T Davies had decided that a grandfather character should replace the father character after Attfield's death. Davies and fellow Executive Producer Julie Gardner liked the idea, so Davies wrote Wilfred into "Partners in Crime". The character Cribbins portrayed in "Voyage of the Damned" was originally to have been called "Stan", but Davies felt that this was not a suitable name for a recurring character and renamed him "Wilfred". Davies was able to get the credits for "Voyage of the Damned" changed before its broadcast for consistency.
Reception
Laura Pledger of Radio Times named Cribbins the best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "When he wasn't making you smile, Wilfred Mott broke your heart". SFX placed the character at number 13 in a 2009 article listing the 27 things they loved best about the revival of Doctor Who.
References
External links
Wilfred Mott on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
Wilfred Mott on BBC's Doctor Who website | performer | {
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"Bernard Cribbins"
]
} |
Wilfred "Wilf" Mott is a recurring fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by Bernard Cribbins. He is the grandfather of the Tenth Doctor's companion Donna Noble, and father of her mother, Sylvia Noble. As companion to the Doctor, an alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, Donna travelled through space and time in the show's 2008 series, having numerous adventures. A believer in extraterrestrial life himself, Wilfred was proud of his granddaughter's adventures and helped to keep them a secret from her overbearing mother. He later became the Tenth Doctor's final companion in "The End of Time".
Cribbins was originally intended to appear only in the 2007 Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", but when Howard Attfield was forced to retire from his role as Donna's father, Geoff Noble, due to illness (Attfield subsequently died), creator Russell T Davies reconceived Cribbins' role as Donna's grandfather and replaced Attfield with him for the fourth series. In May 2022, Cribbins was reportedly due to reprise the role for the series' 60th anniversary special in 2023, having been spotted on the set of the special. This will mark the final appearance of Mott and Cribbins's final acting role after the actor died on 27 July 2022.
Character history
Wilfred Mott first appears in "Voyage of the Damned" (2007). The Doctor and Astrid Peth meet him shortly after teleporting down to Earth. He mans a newspaper stand, and is one of the few people to remain in London over Christmas following the bizarre events during each Christmas in recent years ("The Christmas Invasion" and "The Runaway Bride"). He is a staunch monarchist. He witnesses the Doctor and Astrid being teleported back to the intergalactic cruiser Titanic.Donna Noble calls him "Gramps". In the episode "Partners in Crime", Wilfred is revealed to be an amateur astronomer who spends his evenings stargazing with his telescope from an allotment. He has an interest in alien conspiracies, and is somewhat eccentric in his beliefs. He has a good relationship with his granddaughter who joins him on the allotment when she wishes to escape her mother's nagging. Donna asks him to tell her if he ever sees "a little blue box" and vaguely describes the Doctor to him. After Donna joins the Doctor, the pair make a fly-by of the allotment in the TARDIS, its door open, which astonishes Wilfred. Donna waves to him from the TARDIS door and he is elated to see that she is following her desire for adventure. Wilfred wears on his hat the badge of the Parachute Regiment, in which Cribbins served during his National Service.In "The Sontaran Strategem", Wilfred is reunited with his granddaughter and the Doctor, whom (Donna is shocked to learn) he has met previously. His absence in "The Runaway Bride" is explained by him being ill with what he believed to be Spanish flu. When the ATMOS devices activate, he is trapped in the family car where the Doctor and Donna try to rescue him; the episode ends with him still trapped and choking in his car. In "The Poison Sky", Sylvia saves him by smashing the windscreen with an axe kept by the front door of her house.
In a parallel world in "Turn Left", in which the Doctor died without ever meeting Donna, Donna wins a holiday for her family in the country, and Wilfred is thus not at his news stand at Christmas as otherwise depicted in "Voyage of the Damned". Without the Doctor, the interstellar cruiser Titanic crashes into Central London, obliterating the metropolis in a massive nuclear explosion. Following the disaster, the United States pledges much-needed aid to the collapsing United Kingdom, prompting Wilfred to shout "God bless America!", though the anticipated aid is cancelled after millions in the U.S. are killed as a result of Miss Foster's selection of the U.S. as a breeding ground for the Adipose. Wilfred and his family are evacuated to Leeds with countless other refugees. They share an apartment with an Italian immigrant family, who initially annoy the Nobles but who Wilfred quickly befriends. References are made there to his military service: an Italian immigrant friend calls him "my captain" and salutes him as he leaves. Wilfred becomes distressed when his friend is taken to a labour camp when a new far-right government places Britain under martial law, noting, "that's what they called them last time," alluding to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
In "The Stolen Earth", Wilfred takes it upon himself to fight the Daleks, armed with a paintball gun, reasoning that shooting them in the eyepiece will blind them. The Dalek he attempts to blind dissolves the paint from its eyepiece, and states: "My vision is not impaired". He and Sylvia are rescued from the Dalek by Rose Tyler who destroys the Dalek and returns with them to their home to try to contact the Doctor. Due to Wilfred not owning a webcam, his computer can only provide Rose with one-way communication of former Prime Minister Harriet Jones' video conference with her militia of the Doctor's companions. Wilfred is impressed by Harriet, remarking he voted for her; only for Sylvia to remark he did not. He watches in shock as Harriet is exterminated by the Daleks on the computer.
In "Journey's End" because Donna's memory was wiped, Wilfred sees the Doctor off on her behalf, and promises whenever he looks up at the stars, he'll think of the Doctor, whom he considers a very close friend and almost a family member. Against Sylvia's claims that Donna was just as good before travelling with the Time Lord, Wilfred stands his ground and compels his daughter to admit that the Doctor made Donna a better person. While he agrees to keep the Doctor a secret, he also promises to keep watch for him in Donna's place in memory of his actions.
Wilfred returns one last time in "The End of Time", in which he has repeated visions of the Master. He then repeatedly meets an unnamed woman and discovers depictions of the TARDIS included in historical art. He searches for and finds the Doctor. The Doctor has come to Earth to find the Master, and Wilfred promptly joins him as a companion, the Doctor tries to stop him but partially because he does not want to deal with his furious daughter. The mysterious woman appears on television to tell Wilfred that he must take arms, prompting him to carry his old service revolver from his service in the British Army. The Doctor begins to suspect that something is keeping Wilfred close to him. They go to Joshua Naismith's mansion, where the Master turns the human race into himself, but Wilfred is protected by the Doctor by placing him inside a chamber shielded from radiation. The Doctor and Wilfred are captured by the Master, but are rescued by two aliens, Addams and Rossiter. Donna, who survived the incident, places a cell phone call to Wilfred which the Master tracks, but she kills her pursuers when a fail-safe mechanism placed by the Doctor to suppress her memories activates. On the alien ship after being rescued, Wilfred tries to convince the Doctor to take his gun and kill the Master but fails. During the following missile attack on their ship, Wilfred gleefully mans a laser cannon to defend the ship. Upon their return to Earth, Wilfred traps himself in the radiation booth again while freeing a technician trapped in there and watches the Doctor's confrontation with the Master and Rassilon. Afterwards, when the Doctor thinks he is safe, Wilfred fulfills the prophecy that "he will knock four times" by knocking four times on the door to get the Doctor's attention. As the booth is about to be flooded with radiation, the Doctor blames himself for not stopping Wilfred from coming with him, had he known he would die. In order to free Wilfred, the Doctor must sacrifice himself by exposing himself to the radiation instead. Wilfred tells him to go, saying he has lived his life, but the Doctor saves him anyway, telling him "It's my honour." The radiation the Doctor absorbs to save Wilfred forces him to regenerate into his eleventh incarnation. Wilfred felt it's his fault for not listened to the Doctor to stay at home or at the TARDIS or kill the Master himself. He is last seen at Donna's wedding, Wilfred is again visited by the dying Tenth Doctor, who gives him and Sylvia a winning lottery ticket as a wedding present for Donna. The Doctor had purchased the ticket with money borrowed in the past from Wilfred's late son-in-law, Geoff Noble. As the Doctor leaves for the last time, Wilfred tearfully salutes him.
Wilfred is set to appear in the series' 2023 60th Anniversary specials, which will serve as the character's final appearances following Cribbin's death in 2022.
Production
Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins who appeared in the second Doctor Who film, Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, as companion Special Constable Tom Campbell, a character replacing that of Ian Chesterton from the television serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth on which the film was based. Cribbins was also considered for the fourth Doctor in 1974. In 2006, he became part of the revived series when a photograph of him at a wedding was used in the BBC's tie-in website for "Tooth and Claw". Cribbins also played a rock band manager in the Eighth Doctor radio play "Horror of Glam Rock" broadcast on BBC 7 in 2007.
Cribbins brought elements of his own costume for the role when filming "Voyage of the Damned", such as the hat with the Parachute Regiment badge from his National Service days.Producer Phil Collinson stated in an interview for SFX that Wilfred Mott will "crop up again in the series several times". Collinson says of Cribbins "it's a great privilege to have him on set, he's wonderful" and "now we’ve got him we’re keeping him! He is brilliant." Wilfred is not "strictly speaking" linked to Series 4's joining thread, but in the commentary for the first episode, it was suggested that his meeting the Doctor in the Christmas special may not have been accidental.Following Wilfred Mott's appearance in "Voyage of the Damned", the character was reintroduced as a recurring character and it was established that he is Donna Noble's grandfather. The character replaces that of Donna's father, Geoff Noble, played by Howard Attfield in "The Runaway Bride", because Attfield died after filming scenes for "Partners in Crime". Collinson had the idea that Wilfred should be Donna's grandfather after Executive Producer Russell T Davies had decided that a grandfather character should replace the father character after Attfield's death. Davies and fellow Executive Producer Julie Gardner liked the idea, so Davies wrote Wilfred into "Partners in Crime". The character Cribbins portrayed in "Voyage of the Damned" was originally to have been called "Stan", but Davies felt that this was not a suitable name for a recurring character and renamed him "Wilfred". Davies was able to get the credits for "Voyage of the Damned" changed before its broadcast for consistency.
Reception
Laura Pledger of Radio Times named Cribbins the best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "When he wasn't making you smile, Wilfred Mott broke your heart". SFX placed the character at number 13 in a 2009 article listing the 27 things they loved best about the revival of Doctor Who.
References
External links
Wilfred Mott on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
Wilfred Mott on BBC's Doctor Who website | family name | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"Mott"
]
} |
Wilfred "Wilf" Mott is a recurring fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by Bernard Cribbins. He is the grandfather of the Tenth Doctor's companion Donna Noble, and father of her mother, Sylvia Noble. As companion to the Doctor, an alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, Donna travelled through space and time in the show's 2008 series, having numerous adventures. A believer in extraterrestrial life himself, Wilfred was proud of his granddaughter's adventures and helped to keep them a secret from her overbearing mother. He later became the Tenth Doctor's final companion in "The End of Time".
Cribbins was originally intended to appear only in the 2007 Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", but when Howard Attfield was forced to retire from his role as Donna's father, Geoff Noble, due to illness (Attfield subsequently died), creator Russell T Davies reconceived Cribbins' role as Donna's grandfather and replaced Attfield with him for the fourth series. In May 2022, Cribbins was reportedly due to reprise the role for the series' 60th anniversary special in 2023, having been spotted on the set of the special. This will mark the final appearance of Mott and Cribbins's final acting role after the actor died on 27 July 2022.
Character history
Wilfred Mott first appears in "Voyage of the Damned" (2007). The Doctor and Astrid Peth meet him shortly after teleporting down to Earth. He mans a newspaper stand, and is one of the few people to remain in London over Christmas following the bizarre events during each Christmas in recent years ("The Christmas Invasion" and "The Runaway Bride"). He is a staunch monarchist. He witnesses the Doctor and Astrid being teleported back to the intergalactic cruiser Titanic.Donna Noble calls him "Gramps". In the episode "Partners in Crime", Wilfred is revealed to be an amateur astronomer who spends his evenings stargazing with his telescope from an allotment. He has an interest in alien conspiracies, and is somewhat eccentric in his beliefs. He has a good relationship with his granddaughter who joins him on the allotment when she wishes to escape her mother's nagging. Donna asks him to tell her if he ever sees "a little blue box" and vaguely describes the Doctor to him. After Donna joins the Doctor, the pair make a fly-by of the allotment in the TARDIS, its door open, which astonishes Wilfred. Donna waves to him from the TARDIS door and he is elated to see that she is following her desire for adventure. Wilfred wears on his hat the badge of the Parachute Regiment, in which Cribbins served during his National Service.In "The Sontaran Strategem", Wilfred is reunited with his granddaughter and the Doctor, whom (Donna is shocked to learn) he has met previously. His absence in "The Runaway Bride" is explained by him being ill with what he believed to be Spanish flu. When the ATMOS devices activate, he is trapped in the family car where the Doctor and Donna try to rescue him; the episode ends with him still trapped and choking in his car. In "The Poison Sky", Sylvia saves him by smashing the windscreen with an axe kept by the front door of her house.
In a parallel world in "Turn Left", in which the Doctor died without ever meeting Donna, Donna wins a holiday for her family in the country, and Wilfred is thus not at his news stand at Christmas as otherwise depicted in "Voyage of the Damned". Without the Doctor, the interstellar cruiser Titanic crashes into Central London, obliterating the metropolis in a massive nuclear explosion. Following the disaster, the United States pledges much-needed aid to the collapsing United Kingdom, prompting Wilfred to shout "God bless America!", though the anticipated aid is cancelled after millions in the U.S. are killed as a result of Miss Foster's selection of the U.S. as a breeding ground for the Adipose. Wilfred and his family are evacuated to Leeds with countless other refugees. They share an apartment with an Italian immigrant family, who initially annoy the Nobles but who Wilfred quickly befriends. References are made there to his military service: an Italian immigrant friend calls him "my captain" and salutes him as he leaves. Wilfred becomes distressed when his friend is taken to a labour camp when a new far-right government places Britain under martial law, noting, "that's what they called them last time," alluding to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
In "The Stolen Earth", Wilfred takes it upon himself to fight the Daleks, armed with a paintball gun, reasoning that shooting them in the eyepiece will blind them. The Dalek he attempts to blind dissolves the paint from its eyepiece, and states: "My vision is not impaired". He and Sylvia are rescued from the Dalek by Rose Tyler who destroys the Dalek and returns with them to their home to try to contact the Doctor. Due to Wilfred not owning a webcam, his computer can only provide Rose with one-way communication of former Prime Minister Harriet Jones' video conference with her militia of the Doctor's companions. Wilfred is impressed by Harriet, remarking he voted for her; only for Sylvia to remark he did not. He watches in shock as Harriet is exterminated by the Daleks on the computer.
In "Journey's End" because Donna's memory was wiped, Wilfred sees the Doctor off on her behalf, and promises whenever he looks up at the stars, he'll think of the Doctor, whom he considers a very close friend and almost a family member. Against Sylvia's claims that Donna was just as good before travelling with the Time Lord, Wilfred stands his ground and compels his daughter to admit that the Doctor made Donna a better person. While he agrees to keep the Doctor a secret, he also promises to keep watch for him in Donna's place in memory of his actions.
Wilfred returns one last time in "The End of Time", in which he has repeated visions of the Master. He then repeatedly meets an unnamed woman and discovers depictions of the TARDIS included in historical art. He searches for and finds the Doctor. The Doctor has come to Earth to find the Master, and Wilfred promptly joins him as a companion, the Doctor tries to stop him but partially because he does not want to deal with his furious daughter. The mysterious woman appears on television to tell Wilfred that he must take arms, prompting him to carry his old service revolver from his service in the British Army. The Doctor begins to suspect that something is keeping Wilfred close to him. They go to Joshua Naismith's mansion, where the Master turns the human race into himself, but Wilfred is protected by the Doctor by placing him inside a chamber shielded from radiation. The Doctor and Wilfred are captured by the Master, but are rescued by two aliens, Addams and Rossiter. Donna, who survived the incident, places a cell phone call to Wilfred which the Master tracks, but she kills her pursuers when a fail-safe mechanism placed by the Doctor to suppress her memories activates. On the alien ship after being rescued, Wilfred tries to convince the Doctor to take his gun and kill the Master but fails. During the following missile attack on their ship, Wilfred gleefully mans a laser cannon to defend the ship. Upon their return to Earth, Wilfred traps himself in the radiation booth again while freeing a technician trapped in there and watches the Doctor's confrontation with the Master and Rassilon. Afterwards, when the Doctor thinks he is safe, Wilfred fulfills the prophecy that "he will knock four times" by knocking four times on the door to get the Doctor's attention. As the booth is about to be flooded with radiation, the Doctor blames himself for not stopping Wilfred from coming with him, had he known he would die. In order to free Wilfred, the Doctor must sacrifice himself by exposing himself to the radiation instead. Wilfred tells him to go, saying he has lived his life, but the Doctor saves him anyway, telling him "It's my honour." The radiation the Doctor absorbs to save Wilfred forces him to regenerate into his eleventh incarnation. Wilfred felt it's his fault for not listened to the Doctor to stay at home or at the TARDIS or kill the Master himself. He is last seen at Donna's wedding, Wilfred is again visited by the dying Tenth Doctor, who gives him and Sylvia a winning lottery ticket as a wedding present for Donna. The Doctor had purchased the ticket with money borrowed in the past from Wilfred's late son-in-law, Geoff Noble. As the Doctor leaves for the last time, Wilfred tearfully salutes him.
Wilfred is set to appear in the series' 2023 60th Anniversary specials, which will serve as the character's final appearances following Cribbin's death in 2022.
Production
Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins who appeared in the second Doctor Who film, Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, as companion Special Constable Tom Campbell, a character replacing that of Ian Chesterton from the television serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth on which the film was based. Cribbins was also considered for the fourth Doctor in 1974. In 2006, he became part of the revived series when a photograph of him at a wedding was used in the BBC's tie-in website for "Tooth and Claw". Cribbins also played a rock band manager in the Eighth Doctor radio play "Horror of Glam Rock" broadcast on BBC 7 in 2007.
Cribbins brought elements of his own costume for the role when filming "Voyage of the Damned", such as the hat with the Parachute Regiment badge from his National Service days.Producer Phil Collinson stated in an interview for SFX that Wilfred Mott will "crop up again in the series several times". Collinson says of Cribbins "it's a great privilege to have him on set, he's wonderful" and "now we’ve got him we’re keeping him! He is brilliant." Wilfred is not "strictly speaking" linked to Series 4's joining thread, but in the commentary for the first episode, it was suggested that his meeting the Doctor in the Christmas special may not have been accidental.Following Wilfred Mott's appearance in "Voyage of the Damned", the character was reintroduced as a recurring character and it was established that he is Donna Noble's grandfather. The character replaces that of Donna's father, Geoff Noble, played by Howard Attfield in "The Runaway Bride", because Attfield died after filming scenes for "Partners in Crime". Collinson had the idea that Wilfred should be Donna's grandfather after Executive Producer Russell T Davies had decided that a grandfather character should replace the father character after Attfield's death. Davies and fellow Executive Producer Julie Gardner liked the idea, so Davies wrote Wilfred into "Partners in Crime". The character Cribbins portrayed in "Voyage of the Damned" was originally to have been called "Stan", but Davies felt that this was not a suitable name for a recurring character and renamed him "Wilfred". Davies was able to get the credits for "Voyage of the Damned" changed before its broadcast for consistency.
Reception
Laura Pledger of Radio Times named Cribbins the best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "When he wasn't making you smile, Wilfred Mott broke your heart". SFX placed the character at number 13 in a 2009 article listing the 27 things they loved best about the revival of Doctor Who.
References
External links
Wilfred Mott on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
Wilfred Mott on BBC's Doctor Who website | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wilfred"
]
} |
Wilfred "Wilf" Mott is a recurring fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by Bernard Cribbins. He is the grandfather of the Tenth Doctor's companion Donna Noble, and father of her mother, Sylvia Noble. As companion to the Doctor, an alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, Donna travelled through space and time in the show's 2008 series, having numerous adventures. A believer in extraterrestrial life himself, Wilfred was proud of his granddaughter's adventures and helped to keep them a secret from her overbearing mother. He later became the Tenth Doctor's final companion in "The End of Time".
Cribbins was originally intended to appear only in the 2007 Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", but when Howard Attfield was forced to retire from his role as Donna's father, Geoff Noble, due to illness (Attfield subsequently died), creator Russell T Davies reconceived Cribbins' role as Donna's grandfather and replaced Attfield with him for the fourth series. In May 2022, Cribbins was reportedly due to reprise the role for the series' 60th anniversary special in 2023, having been spotted on the set of the special. This will mark the final appearance of Mott and Cribbins's final acting role after the actor died on 27 July 2022.
Character history
Wilfred Mott first appears in "Voyage of the Damned" (2007). The Doctor and Astrid Peth meet him shortly after teleporting down to Earth. He mans a newspaper stand, and is one of the few people to remain in London over Christmas following the bizarre events during each Christmas in recent years ("The Christmas Invasion" and "The Runaway Bride"). He is a staunch monarchist. He witnesses the Doctor and Astrid being teleported back to the intergalactic cruiser Titanic.Donna Noble calls him "Gramps". In the episode "Partners in Crime", Wilfred is revealed to be an amateur astronomer who spends his evenings stargazing with his telescope from an allotment. He has an interest in alien conspiracies, and is somewhat eccentric in his beliefs. He has a good relationship with his granddaughter who joins him on the allotment when she wishes to escape her mother's nagging. Donna asks him to tell her if he ever sees "a little blue box" and vaguely describes the Doctor to him. After Donna joins the Doctor, the pair make a fly-by of the allotment in the TARDIS, its door open, which astonishes Wilfred. Donna waves to him from the TARDIS door and he is elated to see that she is following her desire for adventure. Wilfred wears on his hat the badge of the Parachute Regiment, in which Cribbins served during his National Service.In "The Sontaran Strategem", Wilfred is reunited with his granddaughter and the Doctor, whom (Donna is shocked to learn) he has met previously. His absence in "The Runaway Bride" is explained by him being ill with what he believed to be Spanish flu. When the ATMOS devices activate, he is trapped in the family car where the Doctor and Donna try to rescue him; the episode ends with him still trapped and choking in his car. In "The Poison Sky", Sylvia saves him by smashing the windscreen with an axe kept by the front door of her house.
In a parallel world in "Turn Left", in which the Doctor died without ever meeting Donna, Donna wins a holiday for her family in the country, and Wilfred is thus not at his news stand at Christmas as otherwise depicted in "Voyage of the Damned". Without the Doctor, the interstellar cruiser Titanic crashes into Central London, obliterating the metropolis in a massive nuclear explosion. Following the disaster, the United States pledges much-needed aid to the collapsing United Kingdom, prompting Wilfred to shout "God bless America!", though the anticipated aid is cancelled after millions in the U.S. are killed as a result of Miss Foster's selection of the U.S. as a breeding ground for the Adipose. Wilfred and his family are evacuated to Leeds with countless other refugees. They share an apartment with an Italian immigrant family, who initially annoy the Nobles but who Wilfred quickly befriends. References are made there to his military service: an Italian immigrant friend calls him "my captain" and salutes him as he leaves. Wilfred becomes distressed when his friend is taken to a labour camp when a new far-right government places Britain under martial law, noting, "that's what they called them last time," alluding to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
In "The Stolen Earth", Wilfred takes it upon himself to fight the Daleks, armed with a paintball gun, reasoning that shooting them in the eyepiece will blind them. The Dalek he attempts to blind dissolves the paint from its eyepiece, and states: "My vision is not impaired". He and Sylvia are rescued from the Dalek by Rose Tyler who destroys the Dalek and returns with them to their home to try to contact the Doctor. Due to Wilfred not owning a webcam, his computer can only provide Rose with one-way communication of former Prime Minister Harriet Jones' video conference with her militia of the Doctor's companions. Wilfred is impressed by Harriet, remarking he voted for her; only for Sylvia to remark he did not. He watches in shock as Harriet is exterminated by the Daleks on the computer.
In "Journey's End" because Donna's memory was wiped, Wilfred sees the Doctor off on her behalf, and promises whenever he looks up at the stars, he'll think of the Doctor, whom he considers a very close friend and almost a family member. Against Sylvia's claims that Donna was just as good before travelling with the Time Lord, Wilfred stands his ground and compels his daughter to admit that the Doctor made Donna a better person. While he agrees to keep the Doctor a secret, he also promises to keep watch for him in Donna's place in memory of his actions.
Wilfred returns one last time in "The End of Time", in which he has repeated visions of the Master. He then repeatedly meets an unnamed woman and discovers depictions of the TARDIS included in historical art. He searches for and finds the Doctor. The Doctor has come to Earth to find the Master, and Wilfred promptly joins him as a companion, the Doctor tries to stop him but partially because he does not want to deal with his furious daughter. The mysterious woman appears on television to tell Wilfred that he must take arms, prompting him to carry his old service revolver from his service in the British Army. The Doctor begins to suspect that something is keeping Wilfred close to him. They go to Joshua Naismith's mansion, where the Master turns the human race into himself, but Wilfred is protected by the Doctor by placing him inside a chamber shielded from radiation. The Doctor and Wilfred are captured by the Master, but are rescued by two aliens, Addams and Rossiter. Donna, who survived the incident, places a cell phone call to Wilfred which the Master tracks, but she kills her pursuers when a fail-safe mechanism placed by the Doctor to suppress her memories activates. On the alien ship after being rescued, Wilfred tries to convince the Doctor to take his gun and kill the Master but fails. During the following missile attack on their ship, Wilfred gleefully mans a laser cannon to defend the ship. Upon their return to Earth, Wilfred traps himself in the radiation booth again while freeing a technician trapped in there and watches the Doctor's confrontation with the Master and Rassilon. Afterwards, when the Doctor thinks he is safe, Wilfred fulfills the prophecy that "he will knock four times" by knocking four times on the door to get the Doctor's attention. As the booth is about to be flooded with radiation, the Doctor blames himself for not stopping Wilfred from coming with him, had he known he would die. In order to free Wilfred, the Doctor must sacrifice himself by exposing himself to the radiation instead. Wilfred tells him to go, saying he has lived his life, but the Doctor saves him anyway, telling him "It's my honour." The radiation the Doctor absorbs to save Wilfred forces him to regenerate into his eleventh incarnation. Wilfred felt it's his fault for not listened to the Doctor to stay at home or at the TARDIS or kill the Master himself. He is last seen at Donna's wedding, Wilfred is again visited by the dying Tenth Doctor, who gives him and Sylvia a winning lottery ticket as a wedding present for Donna. The Doctor had purchased the ticket with money borrowed in the past from Wilfred's late son-in-law, Geoff Noble. As the Doctor leaves for the last time, Wilfred tearfully salutes him.
Wilfred is set to appear in the series' 2023 60th Anniversary specials, which will serve as the character's final appearances following Cribbin's death in 2022.
Production
Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins who appeared in the second Doctor Who film, Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, as companion Special Constable Tom Campbell, a character replacing that of Ian Chesterton from the television serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth on which the film was based. Cribbins was also considered for the fourth Doctor in 1974. In 2006, he became part of the revived series when a photograph of him at a wedding was used in the BBC's tie-in website for "Tooth and Claw". Cribbins also played a rock band manager in the Eighth Doctor radio play "Horror of Glam Rock" broadcast on BBC 7 in 2007.
Cribbins brought elements of his own costume for the role when filming "Voyage of the Damned", such as the hat with the Parachute Regiment badge from his National Service days.Producer Phil Collinson stated in an interview for SFX that Wilfred Mott will "crop up again in the series several times". Collinson says of Cribbins "it's a great privilege to have him on set, he's wonderful" and "now we’ve got him we’re keeping him! He is brilliant." Wilfred is not "strictly speaking" linked to Series 4's joining thread, but in the commentary for the first episode, it was suggested that his meeting the Doctor in the Christmas special may not have been accidental.Following Wilfred Mott's appearance in "Voyage of the Damned", the character was reintroduced as a recurring character and it was established that he is Donna Noble's grandfather. The character replaces that of Donna's father, Geoff Noble, played by Howard Attfield in "The Runaway Bride", because Attfield died after filming scenes for "Partners in Crime". Collinson had the idea that Wilfred should be Donna's grandfather after Executive Producer Russell T Davies had decided that a grandfather character should replace the father character after Attfield's death. Davies and fellow Executive Producer Julie Gardner liked the idea, so Davies wrote Wilfred into "Partners in Crime". The character Cribbins portrayed in "Voyage of the Damned" was originally to have been called "Stan", but Davies felt that this was not a suitable name for a recurring character and renamed him "Wilfred". Davies was able to get the credits for "Voyage of the Damned" changed before its broadcast for consistency.
Reception
Laura Pledger of Radio Times named Cribbins the best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "When he wasn't making you smile, Wilfred Mott broke your heart". SFX placed the character at number 13 in a 2009 article listing the 27 things they loved best about the revival of Doctor Who.
References
External links
Wilfred Mott on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
Wilfred Mott on BBC's Doctor Who website | present in work | {
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"Doctor Who"
]
} |
Wilfred "Wilf" Mott is a recurring fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by Bernard Cribbins. He is the grandfather of the Tenth Doctor's companion Donna Noble, and father of her mother, Sylvia Noble. As companion to the Doctor, an alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, Donna travelled through space and time in the show's 2008 series, having numerous adventures. A believer in extraterrestrial life himself, Wilfred was proud of his granddaughter's adventures and helped to keep them a secret from her overbearing mother. He later became the Tenth Doctor's final companion in "The End of Time".
Cribbins was originally intended to appear only in the 2007 Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", but when Howard Attfield was forced to retire from his role as Donna's father, Geoff Noble, due to illness (Attfield subsequently died), creator Russell T Davies reconceived Cribbins' role as Donna's grandfather and replaced Attfield with him for the fourth series. In May 2022, Cribbins was reportedly due to reprise the role for the series' 60th anniversary special in 2023, having been spotted on the set of the special. This will mark the final appearance of Mott and Cribbins's final acting role after the actor died on 27 July 2022.
Character history
Wilfred Mott first appears in "Voyage of the Damned" (2007). The Doctor and Astrid Peth meet him shortly after teleporting down to Earth. He mans a newspaper stand, and is one of the few people to remain in London over Christmas following the bizarre events during each Christmas in recent years ("The Christmas Invasion" and "The Runaway Bride"). He is a staunch monarchist. He witnesses the Doctor and Astrid being teleported back to the intergalactic cruiser Titanic.Donna Noble calls him "Gramps". In the episode "Partners in Crime", Wilfred is revealed to be an amateur astronomer who spends his evenings stargazing with his telescope from an allotment. He has an interest in alien conspiracies, and is somewhat eccentric in his beliefs. He has a good relationship with his granddaughter who joins him on the allotment when she wishes to escape her mother's nagging. Donna asks him to tell her if he ever sees "a little blue box" and vaguely describes the Doctor to him. After Donna joins the Doctor, the pair make a fly-by of the allotment in the TARDIS, its door open, which astonishes Wilfred. Donna waves to him from the TARDIS door and he is elated to see that she is following her desire for adventure. Wilfred wears on his hat the badge of the Parachute Regiment, in which Cribbins served during his National Service.In "The Sontaran Strategem", Wilfred is reunited with his granddaughter and the Doctor, whom (Donna is shocked to learn) he has met previously. His absence in "The Runaway Bride" is explained by him being ill with what he believed to be Spanish flu. When the ATMOS devices activate, he is trapped in the family car where the Doctor and Donna try to rescue him; the episode ends with him still trapped and choking in his car. In "The Poison Sky", Sylvia saves him by smashing the windscreen with an axe kept by the front door of her house.
In a parallel world in "Turn Left", in which the Doctor died without ever meeting Donna, Donna wins a holiday for her family in the country, and Wilfred is thus not at his news stand at Christmas as otherwise depicted in "Voyage of the Damned". Without the Doctor, the interstellar cruiser Titanic crashes into Central London, obliterating the metropolis in a massive nuclear explosion. Following the disaster, the United States pledges much-needed aid to the collapsing United Kingdom, prompting Wilfred to shout "God bless America!", though the anticipated aid is cancelled after millions in the U.S. are killed as a result of Miss Foster's selection of the U.S. as a breeding ground for the Adipose. Wilfred and his family are evacuated to Leeds with countless other refugees. They share an apartment with an Italian immigrant family, who initially annoy the Nobles but who Wilfred quickly befriends. References are made there to his military service: an Italian immigrant friend calls him "my captain" and salutes him as he leaves. Wilfred becomes distressed when his friend is taken to a labour camp when a new far-right government places Britain under martial law, noting, "that's what they called them last time," alluding to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
In "The Stolen Earth", Wilfred takes it upon himself to fight the Daleks, armed with a paintball gun, reasoning that shooting them in the eyepiece will blind them. The Dalek he attempts to blind dissolves the paint from its eyepiece, and states: "My vision is not impaired". He and Sylvia are rescued from the Dalek by Rose Tyler who destroys the Dalek and returns with them to their home to try to contact the Doctor. Due to Wilfred not owning a webcam, his computer can only provide Rose with one-way communication of former Prime Minister Harriet Jones' video conference with her militia of the Doctor's companions. Wilfred is impressed by Harriet, remarking he voted for her; only for Sylvia to remark he did not. He watches in shock as Harriet is exterminated by the Daleks on the computer.
In "Journey's End" because Donna's memory was wiped, Wilfred sees the Doctor off on her behalf, and promises whenever he looks up at the stars, he'll think of the Doctor, whom he considers a very close friend and almost a family member. Against Sylvia's claims that Donna was just as good before travelling with the Time Lord, Wilfred stands his ground and compels his daughter to admit that the Doctor made Donna a better person. While he agrees to keep the Doctor a secret, he also promises to keep watch for him in Donna's place in memory of his actions.
Wilfred returns one last time in "The End of Time", in which he has repeated visions of the Master. He then repeatedly meets an unnamed woman and discovers depictions of the TARDIS included in historical art. He searches for and finds the Doctor. The Doctor has come to Earth to find the Master, and Wilfred promptly joins him as a companion, the Doctor tries to stop him but partially because he does not want to deal with his furious daughter. The mysterious woman appears on television to tell Wilfred that he must take arms, prompting him to carry his old service revolver from his service in the British Army. The Doctor begins to suspect that something is keeping Wilfred close to him. They go to Joshua Naismith's mansion, where the Master turns the human race into himself, but Wilfred is protected by the Doctor by placing him inside a chamber shielded from radiation. The Doctor and Wilfred are captured by the Master, but are rescued by two aliens, Addams and Rossiter. Donna, who survived the incident, places a cell phone call to Wilfred which the Master tracks, but she kills her pursuers when a fail-safe mechanism placed by the Doctor to suppress her memories activates. On the alien ship after being rescued, Wilfred tries to convince the Doctor to take his gun and kill the Master but fails. During the following missile attack on their ship, Wilfred gleefully mans a laser cannon to defend the ship. Upon their return to Earth, Wilfred traps himself in the radiation booth again while freeing a technician trapped in there and watches the Doctor's confrontation with the Master and Rassilon. Afterwards, when the Doctor thinks he is safe, Wilfred fulfills the prophecy that "he will knock four times" by knocking four times on the door to get the Doctor's attention. As the booth is about to be flooded with radiation, the Doctor blames himself for not stopping Wilfred from coming with him, had he known he would die. In order to free Wilfred, the Doctor must sacrifice himself by exposing himself to the radiation instead. Wilfred tells him to go, saying he has lived his life, but the Doctor saves him anyway, telling him "It's my honour." The radiation the Doctor absorbs to save Wilfred forces him to regenerate into his eleventh incarnation. Wilfred felt it's his fault for not listened to the Doctor to stay at home or at the TARDIS or kill the Master himself. He is last seen at Donna's wedding, Wilfred is again visited by the dying Tenth Doctor, who gives him and Sylvia a winning lottery ticket as a wedding present for Donna. The Doctor had purchased the ticket with money borrowed in the past from Wilfred's late son-in-law, Geoff Noble. As the Doctor leaves for the last time, Wilfred tearfully salutes him.
Wilfred is set to appear in the series' 2023 60th Anniversary specials, which will serve as the character's final appearances following Cribbin's death in 2022.
Production
Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins who appeared in the second Doctor Who film, Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, as companion Special Constable Tom Campbell, a character replacing that of Ian Chesterton from the television serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth on which the film was based. Cribbins was also considered for the fourth Doctor in 1974. In 2006, he became part of the revived series when a photograph of him at a wedding was used in the BBC's tie-in website for "Tooth and Claw". Cribbins also played a rock band manager in the Eighth Doctor radio play "Horror of Glam Rock" broadcast on BBC 7 in 2007.
Cribbins brought elements of his own costume for the role when filming "Voyage of the Damned", such as the hat with the Parachute Regiment badge from his National Service days.Producer Phil Collinson stated in an interview for SFX that Wilfred Mott will "crop up again in the series several times". Collinson says of Cribbins "it's a great privilege to have him on set, he's wonderful" and "now we’ve got him we’re keeping him! He is brilliant." Wilfred is not "strictly speaking" linked to Series 4's joining thread, but in the commentary for the first episode, it was suggested that his meeting the Doctor in the Christmas special may not have been accidental.Following Wilfred Mott's appearance in "Voyage of the Damned", the character was reintroduced as a recurring character and it was established that he is Donna Noble's grandfather. The character replaces that of Donna's father, Geoff Noble, played by Howard Attfield in "The Runaway Bride", because Attfield died after filming scenes for "Partners in Crime". Collinson had the idea that Wilfred should be Donna's grandfather after Executive Producer Russell T Davies had decided that a grandfather character should replace the father character after Attfield's death. Davies and fellow Executive Producer Julie Gardner liked the idea, so Davies wrote Wilfred into "Partners in Crime". The character Cribbins portrayed in "Voyage of the Damned" was originally to have been called "Stan", but Davies felt that this was not a suitable name for a recurring character and renamed him "Wilfred". Davies was able to get the credits for "Voyage of the Damned" changed before its broadcast for consistency.
Reception
Laura Pledger of Radio Times named Cribbins the best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "When he wasn't making you smile, Wilfred Mott broke your heart". SFX placed the character at number 13 in a 2009 article listing the 27 things they loved best about the revival of Doctor Who.
References
External links
Wilfred Mott on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
Wilfred Mott on BBC's Doctor Who website | sidekick of | {
"answer_start": [
173
],
"text": [
"Tenth Doctor"
]
} |
Wilfred "Wilf" Mott is a recurring fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by Bernard Cribbins. He is the grandfather of the Tenth Doctor's companion Donna Noble, and father of her mother, Sylvia Noble. As companion to the Doctor, an alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, Donna travelled through space and time in the show's 2008 series, having numerous adventures. A believer in extraterrestrial life himself, Wilfred was proud of his granddaughter's adventures and helped to keep them a secret from her overbearing mother. He later became the Tenth Doctor's final companion in "The End of Time".
Cribbins was originally intended to appear only in the 2007 Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", but when Howard Attfield was forced to retire from his role as Donna's father, Geoff Noble, due to illness (Attfield subsequently died), creator Russell T Davies reconceived Cribbins' role as Donna's grandfather and replaced Attfield with him for the fourth series. In May 2022, Cribbins was reportedly due to reprise the role for the series' 60th anniversary special in 2023, having been spotted on the set of the special. This will mark the final appearance of Mott and Cribbins's final acting role after the actor died on 27 July 2022.
Character history
Wilfred Mott first appears in "Voyage of the Damned" (2007). The Doctor and Astrid Peth meet him shortly after teleporting down to Earth. He mans a newspaper stand, and is one of the few people to remain in London over Christmas following the bizarre events during each Christmas in recent years ("The Christmas Invasion" and "The Runaway Bride"). He is a staunch monarchist. He witnesses the Doctor and Astrid being teleported back to the intergalactic cruiser Titanic.Donna Noble calls him "Gramps". In the episode "Partners in Crime", Wilfred is revealed to be an amateur astronomer who spends his evenings stargazing with his telescope from an allotment. He has an interest in alien conspiracies, and is somewhat eccentric in his beliefs. He has a good relationship with his granddaughter who joins him on the allotment when she wishes to escape her mother's nagging. Donna asks him to tell her if he ever sees "a little blue box" and vaguely describes the Doctor to him. After Donna joins the Doctor, the pair make a fly-by of the allotment in the TARDIS, its door open, which astonishes Wilfred. Donna waves to him from the TARDIS door and he is elated to see that she is following her desire for adventure. Wilfred wears on his hat the badge of the Parachute Regiment, in which Cribbins served during his National Service.In "The Sontaran Strategem", Wilfred is reunited with his granddaughter and the Doctor, whom (Donna is shocked to learn) he has met previously. His absence in "The Runaway Bride" is explained by him being ill with what he believed to be Spanish flu. When the ATMOS devices activate, he is trapped in the family car where the Doctor and Donna try to rescue him; the episode ends with him still trapped and choking in his car. In "The Poison Sky", Sylvia saves him by smashing the windscreen with an axe kept by the front door of her house.
In a parallel world in "Turn Left", in which the Doctor died without ever meeting Donna, Donna wins a holiday for her family in the country, and Wilfred is thus not at his news stand at Christmas as otherwise depicted in "Voyage of the Damned". Without the Doctor, the interstellar cruiser Titanic crashes into Central London, obliterating the metropolis in a massive nuclear explosion. Following the disaster, the United States pledges much-needed aid to the collapsing United Kingdom, prompting Wilfred to shout "God bless America!", though the anticipated aid is cancelled after millions in the U.S. are killed as a result of Miss Foster's selection of the U.S. as a breeding ground for the Adipose. Wilfred and his family are evacuated to Leeds with countless other refugees. They share an apartment with an Italian immigrant family, who initially annoy the Nobles but who Wilfred quickly befriends. References are made there to his military service: an Italian immigrant friend calls him "my captain" and salutes him as he leaves. Wilfred becomes distressed when his friend is taken to a labour camp when a new far-right government places Britain under martial law, noting, "that's what they called them last time," alluding to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
In "The Stolen Earth", Wilfred takes it upon himself to fight the Daleks, armed with a paintball gun, reasoning that shooting them in the eyepiece will blind them. The Dalek he attempts to blind dissolves the paint from its eyepiece, and states: "My vision is not impaired". He and Sylvia are rescued from the Dalek by Rose Tyler who destroys the Dalek and returns with them to their home to try to contact the Doctor. Due to Wilfred not owning a webcam, his computer can only provide Rose with one-way communication of former Prime Minister Harriet Jones' video conference with her militia of the Doctor's companions. Wilfred is impressed by Harriet, remarking he voted for her; only for Sylvia to remark he did not. He watches in shock as Harriet is exterminated by the Daleks on the computer.
In "Journey's End" because Donna's memory was wiped, Wilfred sees the Doctor off on her behalf, and promises whenever he looks up at the stars, he'll think of the Doctor, whom he considers a very close friend and almost a family member. Against Sylvia's claims that Donna was just as good before travelling with the Time Lord, Wilfred stands his ground and compels his daughter to admit that the Doctor made Donna a better person. While he agrees to keep the Doctor a secret, he also promises to keep watch for him in Donna's place in memory of his actions.
Wilfred returns one last time in "The End of Time", in which he has repeated visions of the Master. He then repeatedly meets an unnamed woman and discovers depictions of the TARDIS included in historical art. He searches for and finds the Doctor. The Doctor has come to Earth to find the Master, and Wilfred promptly joins him as a companion, the Doctor tries to stop him but partially because he does not want to deal with his furious daughter. The mysterious woman appears on television to tell Wilfred that he must take arms, prompting him to carry his old service revolver from his service in the British Army. The Doctor begins to suspect that something is keeping Wilfred close to him. They go to Joshua Naismith's mansion, where the Master turns the human race into himself, but Wilfred is protected by the Doctor by placing him inside a chamber shielded from radiation. The Doctor and Wilfred are captured by the Master, but are rescued by two aliens, Addams and Rossiter. Donna, who survived the incident, places a cell phone call to Wilfred which the Master tracks, but she kills her pursuers when a fail-safe mechanism placed by the Doctor to suppress her memories activates. On the alien ship after being rescued, Wilfred tries to convince the Doctor to take his gun and kill the Master but fails. During the following missile attack on their ship, Wilfred gleefully mans a laser cannon to defend the ship. Upon their return to Earth, Wilfred traps himself in the radiation booth again while freeing a technician trapped in there and watches the Doctor's confrontation with the Master and Rassilon. Afterwards, when the Doctor thinks he is safe, Wilfred fulfills the prophecy that "he will knock four times" by knocking four times on the door to get the Doctor's attention. As the booth is about to be flooded with radiation, the Doctor blames himself for not stopping Wilfred from coming with him, had he known he would die. In order to free Wilfred, the Doctor must sacrifice himself by exposing himself to the radiation instead. Wilfred tells him to go, saying he has lived his life, but the Doctor saves him anyway, telling him "It's my honour." The radiation the Doctor absorbs to save Wilfred forces him to regenerate into his eleventh incarnation. Wilfred felt it's his fault for not listened to the Doctor to stay at home or at the TARDIS or kill the Master himself. He is last seen at Donna's wedding, Wilfred is again visited by the dying Tenth Doctor, who gives him and Sylvia a winning lottery ticket as a wedding present for Donna. The Doctor had purchased the ticket with money borrowed in the past from Wilfred's late son-in-law, Geoff Noble. As the Doctor leaves for the last time, Wilfred tearfully salutes him.
Wilfred is set to appear in the series' 2023 60th Anniversary specials, which will serve as the character's final appearances following Cribbin's death in 2022.
Production
Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins who appeared in the second Doctor Who film, Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, as companion Special Constable Tom Campbell, a character replacing that of Ian Chesterton from the television serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth on which the film was based. Cribbins was also considered for the fourth Doctor in 1974. In 2006, he became part of the revived series when a photograph of him at a wedding was used in the BBC's tie-in website for "Tooth and Claw". Cribbins also played a rock band manager in the Eighth Doctor radio play "Horror of Glam Rock" broadcast on BBC 7 in 2007.
Cribbins brought elements of his own costume for the role when filming "Voyage of the Damned", such as the hat with the Parachute Regiment badge from his National Service days.Producer Phil Collinson stated in an interview for SFX that Wilfred Mott will "crop up again in the series several times". Collinson says of Cribbins "it's a great privilege to have him on set, he's wonderful" and "now we’ve got him we’re keeping him! He is brilliant." Wilfred is not "strictly speaking" linked to Series 4's joining thread, but in the commentary for the first episode, it was suggested that his meeting the Doctor in the Christmas special may not have been accidental.Following Wilfred Mott's appearance in "Voyage of the Damned", the character was reintroduced as a recurring character and it was established that he is Donna Noble's grandfather. The character replaces that of Donna's father, Geoff Noble, played by Howard Attfield in "The Runaway Bride", because Attfield died after filming scenes for "Partners in Crime". Collinson had the idea that Wilfred should be Donna's grandfather after Executive Producer Russell T Davies had decided that a grandfather character should replace the father character after Attfield's death. Davies and fellow Executive Producer Julie Gardner liked the idea, so Davies wrote Wilfred into "Partners in Crime". The character Cribbins portrayed in "Voyage of the Damned" was originally to have been called "Stan", but Davies felt that this was not a suitable name for a recurring character and renamed him "Wilfred". Davies was able to get the credits for "Voyage of the Damned" changed before its broadcast for consistency.
Reception
Laura Pledger of Radio Times named Cribbins the best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "When he wasn't making you smile, Wilfred Mott broke your heart". SFX placed the character at number 13 in a 2009 article listing the 27 things they loved best about the revival of Doctor Who.
References
External links
Wilfred Mott on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
Wilfred Mott on BBC's Doctor Who website | media franchise | {
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"Doctor Who"
]
} |
The men's freestyle 97 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2001 World Wrestling Championships, and was held at the Winter Sports Palace in Sofia, Bulgaria from 22 to 24 November 2001.
Results
Preliminary round
Pool 1
Pool 2
Pool 3
Pool 4
Pool 5
Pool 6
Pool 7
Knockout round
== References == | home venue | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"Winter Sports Palace"
]
} |
Yongdingmenwai Subdistrict (Chinese: 永定门外街道; pinyin: Yǒngdìngménwài Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in the southern part of Dongcheng District, Beijing, China. By the year 2020, it has a population of 64,790.The subdistrict got its name from Yongdingmen (Chinese: 永定门; lit. 'Gate of Perpetual Peace'), a former front gate on the Beijing city wall.
History
Administrative Division
As of 2021, There are a total of 19 communities within the subdistrict:
Landmarks
Yongdingmen
External links
Official website (Archived)
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"Dongcheng District"
]
} |
Yongdingmenwai Subdistrict (Chinese: 永定门外街道; pinyin: Yǒngdìngménwài Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in the southern part of Dongcheng District, Beijing, China. By the year 2020, it has a population of 64,790.The subdistrict got its name from Yongdingmen (Chinese: 永定门; lit. 'Gate of Perpetual Peace'), a former front gate on the Beijing city wall.
History
Administrative Division
As of 2021, There are a total of 19 communities within the subdistrict:
Landmarks
Yongdingmen
External links
Official website (Archived)
== References == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Yongdingmenwai Subdistrict"
]
} |
Yongdingmenwai Subdistrict (Chinese: 永定门外街道; pinyin: Yǒngdìngménwài Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in the southern part of Dongcheng District, Beijing, China. By the year 2020, it has a population of 64,790.The subdistrict got its name from Yongdingmen (Chinese: 永定门; lit. 'Gate of Perpetual Peace'), a former front gate on the Beijing city wall.
History
Administrative Division
As of 2021, There are a total of 19 communities within the subdistrict:
Landmarks
Yongdingmen
External links
Official website (Archived)
== References == | official name | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"永定门外街道"
]
} |
Anthony Barylla (born 1 June 1997) is a German professional footballer who plays as a right-back for 3. Liga club Erzgebirge Aue.
Career
RB Leipzig
Barylla is a product of the RB Leipzig youth academy.
FSV Zwickau
In July 2017, Barylla moved to FSV Zwickau. He made his competitive debut for the club on 23 July 2017 in a 1–0 away defeat to Chemnitzer FC. He was subbed on for Morris Schröter in the 84th minute. He scored his first competitive goal for the club on 31 March 2018 in a 2–1 away defeat to Carl Zeiss Jena. His goal, assisted by Fabian Schnabel, came in the 81st minute.
1. FC Saarbrücken
1. FC Saarbrücken announced on 2 June 2019, that they had signed Barylla.
Personal life
Anthony's father, André, was a professional footballer who played for Zwickau. Barylla's uncle, Dirk Pfitzner, was also a professional footballer, who played for FC Sachsen Leipzig, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, and FC Carl Zeiss Jena. He now owns a fashion business in Erfurt.
References
External links
Anthony Barylla at WorldFootball.net
Anthony Barylla at Soccerway | member of sports team | {
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"RB Leipzig"
]
} |
Anthony Barylla (born 1 June 1997) is a German professional footballer who plays as a right-back for 3. Liga club Erzgebirge Aue.
Career
RB Leipzig
Barylla is a product of the RB Leipzig youth academy.
FSV Zwickau
In July 2017, Barylla moved to FSV Zwickau. He made his competitive debut for the club on 23 July 2017 in a 1–0 away defeat to Chemnitzer FC. He was subbed on for Morris Schröter in the 84th minute. He scored his first competitive goal for the club on 31 March 2018 in a 2–1 away defeat to Carl Zeiss Jena. His goal, assisted by Fabian Schnabel, came in the 81st minute.
1. FC Saarbrücken
1. FC Saarbrücken announced on 2 June 2019, that they had signed Barylla.
Personal life
Anthony's father, André, was a professional footballer who played for Zwickau. Barylla's uncle, Dirk Pfitzner, was also a professional footballer, who played for FC Sachsen Leipzig, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, and FC Carl Zeiss Jena. He now owns a fashion business in Erfurt.
References
External links
Anthony Barylla at WorldFootball.net
Anthony Barylla at Soccerway | league | {
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"3. Liga"
]
} |
Anthony Barylla (born 1 June 1997) is a German professional footballer who plays as a right-back for 3. Liga club Erzgebirge Aue.
Career
RB Leipzig
Barylla is a product of the RB Leipzig youth academy.
FSV Zwickau
In July 2017, Barylla moved to FSV Zwickau. He made his competitive debut for the club on 23 July 2017 in a 1–0 away defeat to Chemnitzer FC. He was subbed on for Morris Schröter in the 84th minute. He scored his first competitive goal for the club on 31 March 2018 in a 2–1 away defeat to Carl Zeiss Jena. His goal, assisted by Fabian Schnabel, came in the 81st minute.
1. FC Saarbrücken
1. FC Saarbrücken announced on 2 June 2019, that they had signed Barylla.
Personal life
Anthony's father, André, was a professional footballer who played for Zwickau. Barylla's uncle, Dirk Pfitzner, was also a professional footballer, who played for FC Sachsen Leipzig, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, and FC Carl Zeiss Jena. He now owns a fashion business in Erfurt.
References
External links
Anthony Barylla at WorldFootball.net
Anthony Barylla at Soccerway | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Anthony"
]
} |
Anthony Barylla (born 1 June 1997) is a German professional footballer who plays as a right-back for 3. Liga club Erzgebirge Aue.
Career
RB Leipzig
Barylla is a product of the RB Leipzig youth academy.
FSV Zwickau
In July 2017, Barylla moved to FSV Zwickau. He made his competitive debut for the club on 23 July 2017 in a 1–0 away defeat to Chemnitzer FC. He was subbed on for Morris Schröter in the 84th minute. He scored his first competitive goal for the club on 31 March 2018 in a 2–1 away defeat to Carl Zeiss Jena. His goal, assisted by Fabian Schnabel, came in the 81st minute.
1. FC Saarbrücken
1. FC Saarbrücken announced on 2 June 2019, that they had signed Barylla.
Personal life
Anthony's father, André, was a professional footballer who played for Zwickau. Barylla's uncle, Dirk Pfitzner, was also a professional footballer, who played for FC Sachsen Leipzig, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, and FC Carl Zeiss Jena. He now owns a fashion business in Erfurt.
References
External links
Anthony Barylla at WorldFootball.net
Anthony Barylla at Soccerway | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"German"
]
} |
Lobbyit is a bipartisan lobbying firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded as a one-man shop in 2009 by company president Paul Kanitra. By 2014, Lobbyit had grown to seven employees and projected $1 million in annual revenue. The firm is known for its pricing structure, which is “unique” among DC lobbying firms: it offers its clients set monthly prices based on a tier system with retainers that are much lower than traditional lobbying firms and month-to-month contracts.
History
Lobbyit was founded in 2009 by Paul Kanitra, who began his lobbying career working on behalf of the Associated Locksmiths of America and the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony. He later moved onto governmental relations at Carfax, where he worked for five years until deciding to open his own lobbying firm.In 2013, Lobbyit partnered with Salsa Labs, the developers of an online-based organization software platform to offer clients new grassroots advocacy options. With the partnership finalized, Lobbyit announced that it would be rolling out its new Tier 4 service, which combined Lobbyit's lobbying services with Salsa Labs’ advocacy platform. Later that year, Lobbyit was featured in a Voice of America China video report entitled “China: Democracy in America: Right to Petition” that examined the federal lobbying industry and its role in American democracy.In 2014, Lobbyit was one of InTheCapital's annual 50 on Fire, which “celebrates visionary individuals and companies across DC's top industries.” Corporate Vision Magazine named Lobbyit Best Lobbying Firm & Government Affairs Consultancy in the United States.
Operations
Unlike many other federal lobbying firms which charge tens of thousands of dollars monthly for their services, Lobbyit charges lower prices and offers month-to-month contracts. In 2014, its most expensive service offering cost $4,999 monthly and all of its clients paid less than $60,000 per year. Company founder and president Kanitra has said the inspiration for the company's pricing structure came from companies such as McDonald's, Wal-Mart, and Amazon.com.
Staff
Paul Kanitra, founder and president
Max Perkins, senior vice president
Jason Ortega, vice president
Justin Lewis, government relations manager
Clients
Lobbyit has represented over 100 clients, including businesses, associations, non-profits, municipalities, and colleges and universities. Instead of lobbying on broad issues such as health care policy, most of Lobbyit's registered lobbyists concentrate on assisting individual businesses or groups with specific issues. As of 2014, the majority of Lobbyit's client base have never hired a lobbyist before, and the company educates these new clients on how the American federal government operates as a part of its services.Notable clients include the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association; the American Jail Association; Carfax; Brick Industry Association; the city of Plano, Texas; the city of Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey; Hobby Distillers Association; the National Child Care Association; the National Council of Investigation and Security Services; Texas Christian University; and the World Floor Covering Association.In 2017, it was announced that Lobbyit had been working with Brick Industry Association (BIA) since 2012. BIA scheduled an average of 20 Capitol Hill visits annually before working with Lobbyit, which was able to schedule an average of 100 annual Capital Hill visits for BIA members.
External links
Official site
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"company"
]
} |
Lobbyit is a bipartisan lobbying firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded as a one-man shop in 2009 by company president Paul Kanitra. By 2014, Lobbyit had grown to seven employees and projected $1 million in annual revenue. The firm is known for its pricing structure, which is “unique” among DC lobbying firms: it offers its clients set monthly prices based on a tier system with retainers that are much lower than traditional lobbying firms and month-to-month contracts.
History
Lobbyit was founded in 2009 by Paul Kanitra, who began his lobbying career working on behalf of the Associated Locksmiths of America and the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony. He later moved onto governmental relations at Carfax, where he worked for five years until deciding to open his own lobbying firm.In 2013, Lobbyit partnered with Salsa Labs, the developers of an online-based organization software platform to offer clients new grassroots advocacy options. With the partnership finalized, Lobbyit announced that it would be rolling out its new Tier 4 service, which combined Lobbyit's lobbying services with Salsa Labs’ advocacy platform. Later that year, Lobbyit was featured in a Voice of America China video report entitled “China: Democracy in America: Right to Petition” that examined the federal lobbying industry and its role in American democracy.In 2014, Lobbyit was one of InTheCapital's annual 50 on Fire, which “celebrates visionary individuals and companies across DC's top industries.” Corporate Vision Magazine named Lobbyit Best Lobbying Firm & Government Affairs Consultancy in the United States.
Operations
Unlike many other federal lobbying firms which charge tens of thousands of dollars monthly for their services, Lobbyit charges lower prices and offers month-to-month contracts. In 2014, its most expensive service offering cost $4,999 monthly and all of its clients paid less than $60,000 per year. Company founder and president Kanitra has said the inspiration for the company's pricing structure came from companies such as McDonald's, Wal-Mart, and Amazon.com.
Staff
Paul Kanitra, founder and president
Max Perkins, senior vice president
Jason Ortega, vice president
Justin Lewis, government relations manager
Clients
Lobbyit has represented over 100 clients, including businesses, associations, non-profits, municipalities, and colleges and universities. Instead of lobbying on broad issues such as health care policy, most of Lobbyit's registered lobbyists concentrate on assisting individual businesses or groups with specific issues. As of 2014, the majority of Lobbyit's client base have never hired a lobbyist before, and the company educates these new clients on how the American federal government operates as a part of its services.Notable clients include the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association; the American Jail Association; Carfax; Brick Industry Association; the city of Plano, Texas; the city of Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey; Hobby Distillers Association; the National Child Care Association; the National Council of Investigation and Security Services; Texas Christian University; and the World Floor Covering Association.In 2017, it was announced that Lobbyit had been working with Brick Industry Association (BIA) since 2012. BIA scheduled an average of 20 Capitol Hill visits annually before working with Lobbyit, which was able to schedule an average of 100 annual Capital Hill visits for BIA members.
External links
Official site
== References == | legal form | {
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"company"
]
} |
The Battle of Artaxata was fought near the Arsanias River in 68 BC between an army of the Roman Republic and the army of the Kingdom of Armenia. The Romans were led by proconsul Lucius Licinius Lucullus, while the Armenians were led by Tigranes II of Armenia, who was sheltering Mithridates VI of Pontus. The battle was part of the Third Mithridatic War, and was a Roman victory.
Background
After being defeated by the Romans in Asia Minor and in his native kingdom of Pontus, Mithridates VI of Pontus fled to his son-in-law Tigranes II of Armenia. Lucullus sent his brother-in-law Appius Claudius Pulcher to negotiate the surrender of Mithridates but this effort failed. In 69 BC Lucullus suddenly marched his relatively small army into Armenia catching the Armenian king off guard. Tigranes assembled a large (but untrained) army and the two forces met at Tigranocerta, the kingdom's new capital, with Lucullus decisively winning the ensuing battle. Tigranes and Mithridates fled north to Armenia's old capital of Artaxata, where they recruited, trained and equipped a new army. The next year, Lucullus marched his army north intend on forcing his enemies into a decisive battle.
Prelude
The Romans were marching towards Artaxata, the Kingdom's old capital, to force Tigranes to do battle. Tigranes, on Mithridates' advice, had been avoiding a battle after being defeated at Tigranocerta. He knew his untrained army was no match for the disciplined and battle-hardened Roman troops. Since the Romans' objective (Artaxata) was clear to them, Tigranes and Mithridates had been preparing and training their army for the unavoidable battle but needed time. Lucullus was not inclined to grant them the time needed and marched straight for the capital. Eventually Tigranes had little choice and confronted the Romans. Lucullus made sacrifices to the gods and then marched out of his camp for a pitched battle.
The battle
The Armenian force consisted of a significant cavalry and infantry array protected by mounted archers and Iberian lance-men. There was an initial skirmish between these Iberians and the Roman horse, and soon the Iberians were in full flight. Tigranes then showed up with a huge contingent of cavalry. Lucullus is said to have been frightened by the number of enemies. He halted his cavalry's pursuit of the Iberians and advanced the infantry on the Atropani who were massed opposite it. These were routed, and soon the entire Armenian army was in retreat.
Aftermath
Soon after the battle, there was a near mutiny in Lucullus' camp. His troops were worn out after marching for 960 miles (1,500 km) and fighting many battles with little to show for it. They refused to march after Tigranes and Mithridates and forced Lucullus to turn south and invade the Armenian possessions in Mesopotamia. Mithridates and Tigranes turned to guerrilla warfare and soon, Armenia was back in Tigranes' hands. Mithridates returned to Pontus where he was able to regain power after the Battle of Zela . Eventually, the Roman Senate sent Pompey the great to replace Lucullus and finish off Mithridates. Pompey was successful, and Mithridates was defeated at the Battle of Lycus in 66 BC, while Tigranes submitted a few months later. In 63 BC, the third Mithridatic war finally ended when Mithridates, at the age of 68, committed suicide after his son rebelled at Phanagoria, along the eastern shore of the Cimmerian Bosporus.
Notes
References
An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present By David Eggenberger - Page 30
Plutarch, Vita Luculli XXXI 4-8(Life of Lucullus, 31.4-8).
Lee Frantantuono, Lucullus, the life and campaigns of a Roman conqueror, p.103.
Philip Matyszak, Mithridates the Great, Rome's indomitable enemy, p.139. | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
309
],
"text": [
"battle"
]
} |
The Battle of Artaxata was fought near the Arsanias River in 68 BC between an army of the Roman Republic and the army of the Kingdom of Armenia. The Romans were led by proconsul Lucius Licinius Lucullus, while the Armenians were led by Tigranes II of Armenia, who was sheltering Mithridates VI of Pontus. The battle was part of the Third Mithridatic War, and was a Roman victory.
Background
After being defeated by the Romans in Asia Minor and in his native kingdom of Pontus, Mithridates VI of Pontus fled to his son-in-law Tigranes II of Armenia. Lucullus sent his brother-in-law Appius Claudius Pulcher to negotiate the surrender of Mithridates but this effort failed. In 69 BC Lucullus suddenly marched his relatively small army into Armenia catching the Armenian king off guard. Tigranes assembled a large (but untrained) army and the two forces met at Tigranocerta, the kingdom's new capital, with Lucullus decisively winning the ensuing battle. Tigranes and Mithridates fled north to Armenia's old capital of Artaxata, where they recruited, trained and equipped a new army. The next year, Lucullus marched his army north intend on forcing his enemies into a decisive battle.
Prelude
The Romans were marching towards Artaxata, the Kingdom's old capital, to force Tigranes to do battle. Tigranes, on Mithridates' advice, had been avoiding a battle after being defeated at Tigranocerta. He knew his untrained army was no match for the disciplined and battle-hardened Roman troops. Since the Romans' objective (Artaxata) was clear to them, Tigranes and Mithridates had been preparing and training their army for the unavoidable battle but needed time. Lucullus was not inclined to grant them the time needed and marched straight for the capital. Eventually Tigranes had little choice and confronted the Romans. Lucullus made sacrifices to the gods and then marched out of his camp for a pitched battle.
The battle
The Armenian force consisted of a significant cavalry and infantry array protected by mounted archers and Iberian lance-men. There was an initial skirmish between these Iberians and the Roman horse, and soon the Iberians were in full flight. Tigranes then showed up with a huge contingent of cavalry. Lucullus is said to have been frightened by the number of enemies. He halted his cavalry's pursuit of the Iberians and advanced the infantry on the Atropani who were massed opposite it. These were routed, and soon the entire Armenian army was in retreat.
Aftermath
Soon after the battle, there was a near mutiny in Lucullus' camp. His troops were worn out after marching for 960 miles (1,500 km) and fighting many battles with little to show for it. They refused to march after Tigranes and Mithridates and forced Lucullus to turn south and invade the Armenian possessions in Mesopotamia. Mithridates and Tigranes turned to guerrilla warfare and soon, Armenia was back in Tigranes' hands. Mithridates returned to Pontus where he was able to regain power after the Battle of Zela . Eventually, the Roman Senate sent Pompey the great to replace Lucullus and finish off Mithridates. Pompey was successful, and Mithridates was defeated at the Battle of Lycus in 66 BC, while Tigranes submitted a few months later. In 63 BC, the third Mithridatic war finally ended when Mithridates, at the age of 68, committed suicide after his son rebelled at Phanagoria, along the eastern shore of the Cimmerian Bosporus.
Notes
References
An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present By David Eggenberger - Page 30
Plutarch, Vita Luculli XXXI 4-8(Life of Lucullus, 31.4-8).
Lee Frantantuono, Lucullus, the life and campaigns of a Roman conqueror, p.103.
Philip Matyszak, Mithridates the Great, Rome's indomitable enemy, p.139. | part of | {
"answer_start": [
332
],
"text": [
"Third Mithridatic War"
]
} |
Hypsopygia taiwanalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Hypsopygia. It was described by Shibuya in 1928. It is found in Taiwan.
== References == | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"species"
]
} |
The 1972 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Louisiana Tech University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 1972 NCAA College Division football season. In their sixth year under head coach Maxie Lambright, the team compiled a 12–0 record, were National Football Foundation College Division national champion, NCAA College Division Mideast Region champion, Southland Conference champion, and defeated Tennessee Tech in the Grantland Rice Bowl.
Schedule
== References == | head coach | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"Maxie Lambright"
]
} |
The Avia BH-23 was a prototype night fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1926. The design was derived from the BH-21 day fighter, incorporating structural changes made to the BH-22 trainer, and the type was originally designated BH-22N. Searchlights and other night-flying equipment were added, but the Czechoslovak Air Force were not interested in the project and no sale resulted.
Specifications
General characteristics
Crew: one, pilot
Length: 6.87 m (22 ft 6 in)
Wingspan: 8.90 m (29 ft 2 in)
Height: 2.74 m (9 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 22.0 m2 (237 sq ft)
Empty weight: 705 kg (1,554 lb)
Gross weight: 879 kg (1,938 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Skoda-built Hispano-Suiza 8Aa , 134 kW (180 hp)Performance
Maximum speed: 210 km/h (130 mph, 110 kn)
See also
Related development
BH-17
BH-21
BH-22
BH-33
References
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 86.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 889 Sheet 86.
Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko. | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"aircraft"
]
} |
The Avia BH-23 was a prototype night fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1926. The design was derived from the BH-21 day fighter, incorporating structural changes made to the BH-22 trainer, and the type was originally designated BH-22N. Searchlights and other night-flying equipment were added, but the Czechoslovak Air Force were not interested in the project and no sale resulted.
Specifications
General characteristics
Crew: one, pilot
Length: 6.87 m (22 ft 6 in)
Wingspan: 8.90 m (29 ft 2 in)
Height: 2.74 m (9 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 22.0 m2 (237 sq ft)
Empty weight: 705 kg (1,554 lb)
Gross weight: 879 kg (1,938 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Skoda-built Hispano-Suiza 8Aa , 134 kW (180 hp)Performance
Maximum speed: 210 km/h (130 mph, 110 kn)
See also
Related development
BH-17
BH-21
BH-22
BH-33
References
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 86.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 889 Sheet 86.
Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko. | manufacturer | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Avia"
]
} |
The Avia BH-23 was a prototype night fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1926. The design was derived from the BH-21 day fighter, incorporating structural changes made to the BH-22 trainer, and the type was originally designated BH-22N. Searchlights and other night-flying equipment were added, but the Czechoslovak Air Force were not interested in the project and no sale resulted.
Specifications
General characteristics
Crew: one, pilot
Length: 6.87 m (22 ft 6 in)
Wingspan: 8.90 m (29 ft 2 in)
Height: 2.74 m (9 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 22.0 m2 (237 sq ft)
Empty weight: 705 kg (1,554 lb)
Gross weight: 879 kg (1,938 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Skoda-built Hispano-Suiza 8Aa , 134 kW (180 hp)Performance
Maximum speed: 210 km/h (130 mph, 110 kn)
See also
Related development
BH-17
BH-21
BH-22
BH-33
References
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 86.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 889 Sheet 86.
Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko. | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Avia BH-23"
]
} |
The Avia BH-23 was a prototype night fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1926. The design was derived from the BH-21 day fighter, incorporating structural changes made to the BH-22 trainer, and the type was originally designated BH-22N. Searchlights and other night-flying equipment were added, but the Czechoslovak Air Force were not interested in the project and no sale resulted.
Specifications
General characteristics
Crew: one, pilot
Length: 6.87 m (22 ft 6 in)
Wingspan: 8.90 m (29 ft 2 in)
Height: 2.74 m (9 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 22.0 m2 (237 sq ft)
Empty weight: 705 kg (1,554 lb)
Gross weight: 879 kg (1,938 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Skoda-built Hispano-Suiza 8Aa , 134 kW (180 hp)Performance
Maximum speed: 210 km/h (130 mph, 110 kn)
See also
Related development
BH-17
BH-21
BH-22
BH-33
References
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 86.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 889 Sheet 86.
Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko. | total produced | {
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"2"
]
} |
Risk perception is the subjective judgement that people make about the characteristics and severity of a risk. Risk perceptions often differ from statistical assessments of risk since are affected by a wide range of affective (emotions, feelings, moods, etc.), cognitive (gravity of events, media coverage, risk-mitigating measures, etc.), contextual (framing of risk information, availability of alternative information sources, etc.), and individual (personality traits, previous experience, age, etc.) factors. Several theories have been proposed to explain why different people make different estimates of the dangerousness of risks. Three major families of theory have been developed: psychology approaches (heuristics and cognitive), anthropology/sociology approaches (cultural theory) and interdisciplinary approaches (social amplification of risk framework).
Early theories
The study of risk perception arose out of the observation that experts and lay people often disagreed about how risky various technologies and natural hazards were.
The mid 1960s saw the rapid rise of nuclear technologies and the promise of clean and safe energy. However, public perception shifted against this new technology. Fears of both longitudinal dangers to the environment and immediate disasters creating radioactive wastelands turned the public against this new technology. The scientific and governmental communities asked why public perception was against the use of nuclear energy when all the scientific experts were declaring how safe it really was. The problem, as non-experts perceived it, was a difference between scientific facts and an exaggerated public perception of the dangers.A key early paper was written in 1969 by Chauncey Starr. Starr used a revealed preference approach to find out what risks are considered acceptable by society. He assumed that society had reached equilibrium in its judgment of risks, so whatever risk levels actually existed in society were acceptable. His major finding was that people will accept risks 1,000 times greater if they are voluntary (e.g. driving a car) than if they are involuntary (e.g. a nuclear disaster).
This early approach assumed that individuals behave rationally by weighing information before making a decision, and that individuals have exaggerated fears due to inadequate or incorrect information. Implied in this assumption is that additional information can help people understand true risk and hence lessen their opinion of danger. While researchers in the engineering school did pioneer research in risk perception, by adapting theories from economics, it has little use in a practical setting. Numerous studies have rejected the belief that additional information alone will shift perceptions.
Psychological approach
The psychological approach began with research in trying to understand how people process information. These early works maintained that people use cognitive heuristics in sorting and simplifying information, leading to biases in comprehension. Later work built on this foundation and became the psychometric paradigm. This approach identifies numerous factors responsible for influencing individual perceptions of risk, including dread, novelty, stigma, and other factors.Research also shows that risk perceptions are influenced by the emotional state of the perceiver. The valence theory of risk perception only differentiates between positive emotions, such as happiness and optimism, and negative ones, such as fear and anger. According to valence theory, positive emotions lead to optimistic risk perceptions whereas negative emotions influence a more pessimistic view of risk.Research also has found that, whereas risk and benefit tend to be positively correlated across hazardous activities in the world, they are negatively correlated in people's minds and judgements.
Heuristics and biases
The earliest psychometric research was done by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, who performed a series of gambling experiments to see how people evaluated probabilities. Their major finding was that people use a number of heuristics to evaluate information. These heuristics are usually useful shortcuts for thinking, but they may lead to inaccurate judgments in some situations – in which case they become cognitive biases.
Representativeness: is usually employed when people are asked to judge the probability that an object or event belongs to a class / processes by its similarity:
insensitivity to prior probability
insensitivity to sample size
misconception of chance
insensitivity to predictability
illusion of validity
misconception of regression
Availability heuristic: events that can be more easily brought to mind or imagined are judged to be more likely than events that could not easily be imagined:
biases due to retrievability of instances
biases due to the effectiveness of research set
biases of imaginability
illusory correlation
Anchoring and Adjustment heuristic: people will often start with one piece of known information and then adjust it to create an estimate of an unknown risk – but the adjustment will usually not be big enough:
insufficient adjustment
biases in the evaluation of conjunctive and disjunctive event (conjunction fallacy)
anchoring in the assessment of subjective probability distributions
Asymmetry between gains and losses: People are risk averse with respect to gains, preferring a sure thing over a gamble with a higher expected utility but which presents the possibility of getting nothing. On the other hand, people will be risk-seeking about losses, preferring to hope for the chance of losing nothing rather than taking a sure, but smaller, loss (e.g. insurance).
Threshold effects: People prefer to move from uncertainty to certainty over making a similar gain in certainty that does not lead to full certainty. For example, most people would choose a vaccine that reduces the incidence of disease A from 10% to 0% over one that reduces the incidence of disease B from 20% to 10%.Another key finding was that the experts are not necessarily any better at estimating probabilities than lay people. Experts were often overconfident in the exactness of their estimates, and put too much stock in small samples of data.
Cognitive Psychology
The majority of people in the public express a greater concern for problems which appear to possess an immediate effect on everyday life such as hazardous waste or pesticide-use than for long-term problems that may affect future generations such as climate change or population growth. People greatly rely on the scientific community to assess the threat of environmental problems because they usually do not directly experience the effects of phenomena such as climate change. The exposure most people have to climate change has been impersonal; most people only have virtual experience through documentaries and news media in what may seem like a “remote” area of the world. However, coupled with the population’s wait-and-see attitude, people do not understand the importance of changing environmentally destructive behaviors even when experts provide detailed and clear risks caused by climate change.
Psychometric paradigm
Research within the psychometric paradigm turned to focus on the roles of affect, emotion, and stigma in influencing risk perception. Melissa Finucane and Paul Slovic have been among the key researchers here. These researchers first challenged Starr's article by examining expressed preference – how much risk people say they are willing to accept. They found that, contrary to Starr's basic assumption, people generally saw most risks in society as being unacceptably high. They also found that the gap between voluntary and involuntary risks was not nearly as great as Starr claimed.
Slovic and team found that perceived risk is quantifiable and predictable. People tend to view current risk levels as unacceptably high for most activities. All things being equal, the greater people perceived a benefit, the greater the tolerance for a risk. If a person derived pleasure from using a product, people tended to judge its benefits as high and its risks as low. If the activity was disliked, the judgments were opposite. Research in psychometrics has proven that risk perception is highly dependent on intuition, experiential thinking, and emotions.
Psychometric research identified a broad domain of characteristics that may be condensed into three high order factors: 1) the degree to which a risk is understood, 2) the degree to which it evokes a feeling of dread, and 3) the number of people exposed to the risk. A dread risk elicits visceral feelings of terror, uncontrollable, catastrophe, inequality, and uncontrolled. An unknown risk is new and unknown to science. The more a person dreads an activity, the higher its perceived risk and the more that person wants the risk reduced.
Anthropology/sociology approach
The anthropology/sociology approach posits risk perceptions as produced by and supporting social institutions. In this view, perceptions are socially constructed by institutions, cultural values, and ways of life.
Cultural theory
One line of the Cultural Theory of risk is based on the work of anthropologist Mary Douglas and political scientist Aaron Wildavsky first published in 1982. In cultural theory, Douglas and Wildavsky outline four “ways of life” in a grid/group arrangement. Each way of life corresponds to a specific social structure and a particular outlook on risk. Grid categorizes the degree to which people are constrained and circumscribed in their social role. The tighter binding of social constraints limits individual negotiation. Group refers to the extent to which individuals are bounded by feelings of belonging or solidarity. The greater the bonds, the less individual choice are subject to personal control. Four ways of life include: Hierarchical, Individualist, Egalitarian, and Fatalist.
Risk perception researchers have not widely accepted this version of cultural theory. Even Douglas says that the theory is controversial; it poses a danger of moving out of the favored paradigm of individual rational choice of which many researchers are comfortable.On the other hand, writers who drawn upon a broader cultural theory perspective have argued that risk-perception analysis helps understand the public response to terrorism in a way that goes far beyond 'rational choice'. As John Handmer and Paul James write:
In the area of embodied risk, people are not as fearful of themselves as perhaps they should be on the issues of illicit drug use, unsafe sex and so on. Yet with the compounding of both more abstract and more embodied risk this package appears to have met its goal to generate support for government policy. Fear of 'outsiders' and of a non-specific, invisible and uncontrollable threat was a powerful motivator in shaping perception.
National Culture and Risk Survey
The First National Culture and Risk Survey of cultural cognition found that a person's worldview on the two social and cultural dimensions of "hierarchy-egalitarianism," and "individualism-solidarism" was predictive of their response to risk.
Interdisciplinary approach
Social amplification of risk framework
The Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), combines research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and communications theory. SARF outlines how communications of risk events pass from the sender through intermediate stations to a receiver and in the process serve to amplify or attenuate perceptions of risk. All links in the communication chain, individuals, groups, media, etc., contain filters through which information is sorted and understood.
The framework attempts to explain the process by which risks are amplified, receiving public attention, or attenuated, receiving less public attention. The framework may be used to compare responses from different groups in a single event, or analyze the same risk issue in multiple events. In a single risk event, some groups may amplify their perception of risks while other groups may attenuate, or decrease, their perceptions of risk.
The main thesis of SARF states that risk events interact with individual psychological, social and other cultural factors in ways that either increase or decrease public perceptions of risk. Behaviors of individuals and groups then generate secondary social or economic impacts while also increasing or decreasing the physical risk itself.These ripple effects caused by the amplification of risk include enduring mental perceptions, impacts on business sales, and change in residential property values, changes in training and education, or social disorder. These secondary changes are perceived and reacted to by individuals and groups resulting in third-order impacts. As each higher-order impacts are reacted to, they may ripple to other parties and locations. Traditional risk analyses neglect these ripple effect impacts and thus greatly underestimate the adverse effects from certain risk events. Public distortion of risk signals provides a corrective mechanism by which society assesses a fuller determination of the risk and its impacts to such things not traditionally factored into a risk analysis.
See also
Risk
Risk communication
Cultural theory of risk
Fuzzy-trace theory
Foresight
References
Douglas, Mary and Aaron Wildavsky (1982). Risk and Culture. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Handmer, John; James, Paul (2005). "Trust Us, and Be Scared: The Changing Nature of Contemporary Risk". Global Society. 21 (1): 119–30. doi:10.1080/13600820601116609. S2CID 145199819.
Kasperson, Jeanne and Roger E. Kasperson (2005). The Social Contours of Risk. Volume I: Publics, Risk Communication & the Social Amplification of Risk. Virginia: Earthscan.
Notes
External links
"Fear of Crime and Perceived Risk." Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology. | published in | {
"answer_start": [
13588
],
"text": [
"Nature"
]
} |
Risk perception is the subjective judgement that people make about the characteristics and severity of a risk. Risk perceptions often differ from statistical assessments of risk since are affected by a wide range of affective (emotions, feelings, moods, etc.), cognitive (gravity of events, media coverage, risk-mitigating measures, etc.), contextual (framing of risk information, availability of alternative information sources, etc.), and individual (personality traits, previous experience, age, etc.) factors. Several theories have been proposed to explain why different people make different estimates of the dangerousness of risks. Three major families of theory have been developed: psychology approaches (heuristics and cognitive), anthropology/sociology approaches (cultural theory) and interdisciplinary approaches (social amplification of risk framework).
Early theories
The study of risk perception arose out of the observation that experts and lay people often disagreed about how risky various technologies and natural hazards were.
The mid 1960s saw the rapid rise of nuclear technologies and the promise of clean and safe energy. However, public perception shifted against this new technology. Fears of both longitudinal dangers to the environment and immediate disasters creating radioactive wastelands turned the public against this new technology. The scientific and governmental communities asked why public perception was against the use of nuclear energy when all the scientific experts were declaring how safe it really was. The problem, as non-experts perceived it, was a difference between scientific facts and an exaggerated public perception of the dangers.A key early paper was written in 1969 by Chauncey Starr. Starr used a revealed preference approach to find out what risks are considered acceptable by society. He assumed that society had reached equilibrium in its judgment of risks, so whatever risk levels actually existed in society were acceptable. His major finding was that people will accept risks 1,000 times greater if they are voluntary (e.g. driving a car) than if they are involuntary (e.g. a nuclear disaster).
This early approach assumed that individuals behave rationally by weighing information before making a decision, and that individuals have exaggerated fears due to inadequate or incorrect information. Implied in this assumption is that additional information can help people understand true risk and hence lessen their opinion of danger. While researchers in the engineering school did pioneer research in risk perception, by adapting theories from economics, it has little use in a practical setting. Numerous studies have rejected the belief that additional information alone will shift perceptions.
Psychological approach
The psychological approach began with research in trying to understand how people process information. These early works maintained that people use cognitive heuristics in sorting and simplifying information, leading to biases in comprehension. Later work built on this foundation and became the psychometric paradigm. This approach identifies numerous factors responsible for influencing individual perceptions of risk, including dread, novelty, stigma, and other factors.Research also shows that risk perceptions are influenced by the emotional state of the perceiver. The valence theory of risk perception only differentiates between positive emotions, such as happiness and optimism, and negative ones, such as fear and anger. According to valence theory, positive emotions lead to optimistic risk perceptions whereas negative emotions influence a more pessimistic view of risk.Research also has found that, whereas risk and benefit tend to be positively correlated across hazardous activities in the world, they are negatively correlated in people's minds and judgements.
Heuristics and biases
The earliest psychometric research was done by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, who performed a series of gambling experiments to see how people evaluated probabilities. Their major finding was that people use a number of heuristics to evaluate information. These heuristics are usually useful shortcuts for thinking, but they may lead to inaccurate judgments in some situations – in which case they become cognitive biases.
Representativeness: is usually employed when people are asked to judge the probability that an object or event belongs to a class / processes by its similarity:
insensitivity to prior probability
insensitivity to sample size
misconception of chance
insensitivity to predictability
illusion of validity
misconception of regression
Availability heuristic: events that can be more easily brought to mind or imagined are judged to be more likely than events that could not easily be imagined:
biases due to retrievability of instances
biases due to the effectiveness of research set
biases of imaginability
illusory correlation
Anchoring and Adjustment heuristic: people will often start with one piece of known information and then adjust it to create an estimate of an unknown risk – but the adjustment will usually not be big enough:
insufficient adjustment
biases in the evaluation of conjunctive and disjunctive event (conjunction fallacy)
anchoring in the assessment of subjective probability distributions
Asymmetry between gains and losses: People are risk averse with respect to gains, preferring a sure thing over a gamble with a higher expected utility but which presents the possibility of getting nothing. On the other hand, people will be risk-seeking about losses, preferring to hope for the chance of losing nothing rather than taking a sure, but smaller, loss (e.g. insurance).
Threshold effects: People prefer to move from uncertainty to certainty over making a similar gain in certainty that does not lead to full certainty. For example, most people would choose a vaccine that reduces the incidence of disease A from 10% to 0% over one that reduces the incidence of disease B from 20% to 10%.Another key finding was that the experts are not necessarily any better at estimating probabilities than lay people. Experts were often overconfident in the exactness of their estimates, and put too much stock in small samples of data.
Cognitive Psychology
The majority of people in the public express a greater concern for problems which appear to possess an immediate effect on everyday life such as hazardous waste or pesticide-use than for long-term problems that may affect future generations such as climate change or population growth. People greatly rely on the scientific community to assess the threat of environmental problems because they usually do not directly experience the effects of phenomena such as climate change. The exposure most people have to climate change has been impersonal; most people only have virtual experience through documentaries and news media in what may seem like a “remote” area of the world. However, coupled with the population’s wait-and-see attitude, people do not understand the importance of changing environmentally destructive behaviors even when experts provide detailed and clear risks caused by climate change.
Psychometric paradigm
Research within the psychometric paradigm turned to focus on the roles of affect, emotion, and stigma in influencing risk perception. Melissa Finucane and Paul Slovic have been among the key researchers here. These researchers first challenged Starr's article by examining expressed preference – how much risk people say they are willing to accept. They found that, contrary to Starr's basic assumption, people generally saw most risks in society as being unacceptably high. They also found that the gap between voluntary and involuntary risks was not nearly as great as Starr claimed.
Slovic and team found that perceived risk is quantifiable and predictable. People tend to view current risk levels as unacceptably high for most activities. All things being equal, the greater people perceived a benefit, the greater the tolerance for a risk. If a person derived pleasure from using a product, people tended to judge its benefits as high and its risks as low. If the activity was disliked, the judgments were opposite. Research in psychometrics has proven that risk perception is highly dependent on intuition, experiential thinking, and emotions.
Psychometric research identified a broad domain of characteristics that may be condensed into three high order factors: 1) the degree to which a risk is understood, 2) the degree to which it evokes a feeling of dread, and 3) the number of people exposed to the risk. A dread risk elicits visceral feelings of terror, uncontrollable, catastrophe, inequality, and uncontrolled. An unknown risk is new and unknown to science. The more a person dreads an activity, the higher its perceived risk and the more that person wants the risk reduced.
Anthropology/sociology approach
The anthropology/sociology approach posits risk perceptions as produced by and supporting social institutions. In this view, perceptions are socially constructed by institutions, cultural values, and ways of life.
Cultural theory
One line of the Cultural Theory of risk is based on the work of anthropologist Mary Douglas and political scientist Aaron Wildavsky first published in 1982. In cultural theory, Douglas and Wildavsky outline four “ways of life” in a grid/group arrangement. Each way of life corresponds to a specific social structure and a particular outlook on risk. Grid categorizes the degree to which people are constrained and circumscribed in their social role. The tighter binding of social constraints limits individual negotiation. Group refers to the extent to which individuals are bounded by feelings of belonging or solidarity. The greater the bonds, the less individual choice are subject to personal control. Four ways of life include: Hierarchical, Individualist, Egalitarian, and Fatalist.
Risk perception researchers have not widely accepted this version of cultural theory. Even Douglas says that the theory is controversial; it poses a danger of moving out of the favored paradigm of individual rational choice of which many researchers are comfortable.On the other hand, writers who drawn upon a broader cultural theory perspective have argued that risk-perception analysis helps understand the public response to terrorism in a way that goes far beyond 'rational choice'. As John Handmer and Paul James write:
In the area of embodied risk, people are not as fearful of themselves as perhaps they should be on the issues of illicit drug use, unsafe sex and so on. Yet with the compounding of both more abstract and more embodied risk this package appears to have met its goal to generate support for government policy. Fear of 'outsiders' and of a non-specific, invisible and uncontrollable threat was a powerful motivator in shaping perception.
National Culture and Risk Survey
The First National Culture and Risk Survey of cultural cognition found that a person's worldview on the two social and cultural dimensions of "hierarchy-egalitarianism," and "individualism-solidarism" was predictive of their response to risk.
Interdisciplinary approach
Social amplification of risk framework
The Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), combines research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and communications theory. SARF outlines how communications of risk events pass from the sender through intermediate stations to a receiver and in the process serve to amplify or attenuate perceptions of risk. All links in the communication chain, individuals, groups, media, etc., contain filters through which information is sorted and understood.
The framework attempts to explain the process by which risks are amplified, receiving public attention, or attenuated, receiving less public attention. The framework may be used to compare responses from different groups in a single event, or analyze the same risk issue in multiple events. In a single risk event, some groups may amplify their perception of risks while other groups may attenuate, or decrease, their perceptions of risk.
The main thesis of SARF states that risk events interact with individual psychological, social and other cultural factors in ways that either increase or decrease public perceptions of risk. Behaviors of individuals and groups then generate secondary social or economic impacts while also increasing or decreasing the physical risk itself.These ripple effects caused by the amplification of risk include enduring mental perceptions, impacts on business sales, and change in residential property values, changes in training and education, or social disorder. These secondary changes are perceived and reacted to by individuals and groups resulting in third-order impacts. As each higher-order impacts are reacted to, they may ripple to other parties and locations. Traditional risk analyses neglect these ripple effect impacts and thus greatly underestimate the adverse effects from certain risk events. Public distortion of risk signals provides a corrective mechanism by which society assesses a fuller determination of the risk and its impacts to such things not traditionally factored into a risk analysis.
See also
Risk
Risk communication
Cultural theory of risk
Fuzzy-trace theory
Foresight
References
Douglas, Mary and Aaron Wildavsky (1982). Risk and Culture. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Handmer, John; James, Paul (2005). "Trust Us, and Be Scared: The Changing Nature of Contemporary Risk". Global Society. 21 (1): 119–30. doi:10.1080/13600820601116609. S2CID 145199819.
Kasperson, Jeanne and Roger E. Kasperson (2005). The Social Contours of Risk. Volume I: Publics, Risk Communication & the Social Amplification of Risk. Virginia: Earthscan.
Notes
External links
"Fear of Crime and Perceived Risk." Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology. | title | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Risk perception"
]
} |
Risk perception is the subjective judgement that people make about the characteristics and severity of a risk. Risk perceptions often differ from statistical assessments of risk since are affected by a wide range of affective (emotions, feelings, moods, etc.), cognitive (gravity of events, media coverage, risk-mitigating measures, etc.), contextual (framing of risk information, availability of alternative information sources, etc.), and individual (personality traits, previous experience, age, etc.) factors. Several theories have been proposed to explain why different people make different estimates of the dangerousness of risks. Three major families of theory have been developed: psychology approaches (heuristics and cognitive), anthropology/sociology approaches (cultural theory) and interdisciplinary approaches (social amplification of risk framework).
Early theories
The study of risk perception arose out of the observation that experts and lay people often disagreed about how risky various technologies and natural hazards were.
The mid 1960s saw the rapid rise of nuclear technologies and the promise of clean and safe energy. However, public perception shifted against this new technology. Fears of both longitudinal dangers to the environment and immediate disasters creating radioactive wastelands turned the public against this new technology. The scientific and governmental communities asked why public perception was against the use of nuclear energy when all the scientific experts were declaring how safe it really was. The problem, as non-experts perceived it, was a difference between scientific facts and an exaggerated public perception of the dangers.A key early paper was written in 1969 by Chauncey Starr. Starr used a revealed preference approach to find out what risks are considered acceptable by society. He assumed that society had reached equilibrium in its judgment of risks, so whatever risk levels actually existed in society were acceptable. His major finding was that people will accept risks 1,000 times greater if they are voluntary (e.g. driving a car) than if they are involuntary (e.g. a nuclear disaster).
This early approach assumed that individuals behave rationally by weighing information before making a decision, and that individuals have exaggerated fears due to inadequate or incorrect information. Implied in this assumption is that additional information can help people understand true risk and hence lessen their opinion of danger. While researchers in the engineering school did pioneer research in risk perception, by adapting theories from economics, it has little use in a practical setting. Numerous studies have rejected the belief that additional information alone will shift perceptions.
Psychological approach
The psychological approach began with research in trying to understand how people process information. These early works maintained that people use cognitive heuristics in sorting and simplifying information, leading to biases in comprehension. Later work built on this foundation and became the psychometric paradigm. This approach identifies numerous factors responsible for influencing individual perceptions of risk, including dread, novelty, stigma, and other factors.Research also shows that risk perceptions are influenced by the emotional state of the perceiver. The valence theory of risk perception only differentiates between positive emotions, such as happiness and optimism, and negative ones, such as fear and anger. According to valence theory, positive emotions lead to optimistic risk perceptions whereas negative emotions influence a more pessimistic view of risk.Research also has found that, whereas risk and benefit tend to be positively correlated across hazardous activities in the world, they are negatively correlated in people's minds and judgements.
Heuristics and biases
The earliest psychometric research was done by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, who performed a series of gambling experiments to see how people evaluated probabilities. Their major finding was that people use a number of heuristics to evaluate information. These heuristics are usually useful shortcuts for thinking, but they may lead to inaccurate judgments in some situations – in which case they become cognitive biases.
Representativeness: is usually employed when people are asked to judge the probability that an object or event belongs to a class / processes by its similarity:
insensitivity to prior probability
insensitivity to sample size
misconception of chance
insensitivity to predictability
illusion of validity
misconception of regression
Availability heuristic: events that can be more easily brought to mind or imagined are judged to be more likely than events that could not easily be imagined:
biases due to retrievability of instances
biases due to the effectiveness of research set
biases of imaginability
illusory correlation
Anchoring and Adjustment heuristic: people will often start with one piece of known information and then adjust it to create an estimate of an unknown risk – but the adjustment will usually not be big enough:
insufficient adjustment
biases in the evaluation of conjunctive and disjunctive event (conjunction fallacy)
anchoring in the assessment of subjective probability distributions
Asymmetry between gains and losses: People are risk averse with respect to gains, preferring a sure thing over a gamble with a higher expected utility but which presents the possibility of getting nothing. On the other hand, people will be risk-seeking about losses, preferring to hope for the chance of losing nothing rather than taking a sure, but smaller, loss (e.g. insurance).
Threshold effects: People prefer to move from uncertainty to certainty over making a similar gain in certainty that does not lead to full certainty. For example, most people would choose a vaccine that reduces the incidence of disease A from 10% to 0% over one that reduces the incidence of disease B from 20% to 10%.Another key finding was that the experts are not necessarily any better at estimating probabilities than lay people. Experts were often overconfident in the exactness of their estimates, and put too much stock in small samples of data.
Cognitive Psychology
The majority of people in the public express a greater concern for problems which appear to possess an immediate effect on everyday life such as hazardous waste or pesticide-use than for long-term problems that may affect future generations such as climate change or population growth. People greatly rely on the scientific community to assess the threat of environmental problems because they usually do not directly experience the effects of phenomena such as climate change. The exposure most people have to climate change has been impersonal; most people only have virtual experience through documentaries and news media in what may seem like a “remote” area of the world. However, coupled with the population’s wait-and-see attitude, people do not understand the importance of changing environmentally destructive behaviors even when experts provide detailed and clear risks caused by climate change.
Psychometric paradigm
Research within the psychometric paradigm turned to focus on the roles of affect, emotion, and stigma in influencing risk perception. Melissa Finucane and Paul Slovic have been among the key researchers here. These researchers first challenged Starr's article by examining expressed preference – how much risk people say they are willing to accept. They found that, contrary to Starr's basic assumption, people generally saw most risks in society as being unacceptably high. They also found that the gap between voluntary and involuntary risks was not nearly as great as Starr claimed.
Slovic and team found that perceived risk is quantifiable and predictable. People tend to view current risk levels as unacceptably high for most activities. All things being equal, the greater people perceived a benefit, the greater the tolerance for a risk. If a person derived pleasure from using a product, people tended to judge its benefits as high and its risks as low. If the activity was disliked, the judgments were opposite. Research in psychometrics has proven that risk perception is highly dependent on intuition, experiential thinking, and emotions.
Psychometric research identified a broad domain of characteristics that may be condensed into three high order factors: 1) the degree to which a risk is understood, 2) the degree to which it evokes a feeling of dread, and 3) the number of people exposed to the risk. A dread risk elicits visceral feelings of terror, uncontrollable, catastrophe, inequality, and uncontrolled. An unknown risk is new and unknown to science. The more a person dreads an activity, the higher its perceived risk and the more that person wants the risk reduced.
Anthropology/sociology approach
The anthropology/sociology approach posits risk perceptions as produced by and supporting social institutions. In this view, perceptions are socially constructed by institutions, cultural values, and ways of life.
Cultural theory
One line of the Cultural Theory of risk is based on the work of anthropologist Mary Douglas and political scientist Aaron Wildavsky first published in 1982. In cultural theory, Douglas and Wildavsky outline four “ways of life” in a grid/group arrangement. Each way of life corresponds to a specific social structure and a particular outlook on risk. Grid categorizes the degree to which people are constrained and circumscribed in their social role. The tighter binding of social constraints limits individual negotiation. Group refers to the extent to which individuals are bounded by feelings of belonging or solidarity. The greater the bonds, the less individual choice are subject to personal control. Four ways of life include: Hierarchical, Individualist, Egalitarian, and Fatalist.
Risk perception researchers have not widely accepted this version of cultural theory. Even Douglas says that the theory is controversial; it poses a danger of moving out of the favored paradigm of individual rational choice of which many researchers are comfortable.On the other hand, writers who drawn upon a broader cultural theory perspective have argued that risk-perception analysis helps understand the public response to terrorism in a way that goes far beyond 'rational choice'. As John Handmer and Paul James write:
In the area of embodied risk, people are not as fearful of themselves as perhaps they should be on the issues of illicit drug use, unsafe sex and so on. Yet with the compounding of both more abstract and more embodied risk this package appears to have met its goal to generate support for government policy. Fear of 'outsiders' and of a non-specific, invisible and uncontrollable threat was a powerful motivator in shaping perception.
National Culture and Risk Survey
The First National Culture and Risk Survey of cultural cognition found that a person's worldview on the two social and cultural dimensions of "hierarchy-egalitarianism," and "individualism-solidarism" was predictive of their response to risk.
Interdisciplinary approach
Social amplification of risk framework
The Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), combines research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and communications theory. SARF outlines how communications of risk events pass from the sender through intermediate stations to a receiver and in the process serve to amplify or attenuate perceptions of risk. All links in the communication chain, individuals, groups, media, etc., contain filters through which information is sorted and understood.
The framework attempts to explain the process by which risks are amplified, receiving public attention, or attenuated, receiving less public attention. The framework may be used to compare responses from different groups in a single event, or analyze the same risk issue in multiple events. In a single risk event, some groups may amplify their perception of risks while other groups may attenuate, or decrease, their perceptions of risk.
The main thesis of SARF states that risk events interact with individual psychological, social and other cultural factors in ways that either increase or decrease public perceptions of risk. Behaviors of individuals and groups then generate secondary social or economic impacts while also increasing or decreasing the physical risk itself.These ripple effects caused by the amplification of risk include enduring mental perceptions, impacts on business sales, and change in residential property values, changes in training and education, or social disorder. These secondary changes are perceived and reacted to by individuals and groups resulting in third-order impacts. As each higher-order impacts are reacted to, they may ripple to other parties and locations. Traditional risk analyses neglect these ripple effect impacts and thus greatly underestimate the adverse effects from certain risk events. Public distortion of risk signals provides a corrective mechanism by which society assesses a fuller determination of the risk and its impacts to such things not traditionally factored into a risk analysis.
See also
Risk
Risk communication
Cultural theory of risk
Fuzzy-trace theory
Foresight
References
Douglas, Mary and Aaron Wildavsky (1982). Risk and Culture. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Handmer, John; James, Paul (2005). "Trust Us, and Be Scared: The Changing Nature of Contemporary Risk". Global Society. 21 (1): 119–30. doi:10.1080/13600820601116609. S2CID 145199819.
Kasperson, Jeanne and Roger E. Kasperson (2005). The Social Contours of Risk. Volume I: Publics, Risk Communication & the Social Amplification of Risk. Virginia: Earthscan.
Notes
External links
"Fear of Crime and Perceived Risk." Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology. | issue | {
"answer_start": [
8608
],
"text": [
"3"
]
} |
Prison Shadows is a 1936 American crime film directed by Robert F. Hill and starring Edward J. Nugent, Lucille Lund and Joan Barclay.
Plot
Gene Harris, a prizefighter, is sentenced to five years in prison after killing an opponent in the ring. Gene's trainer Moran is suspicious of promoter George Miller, whose accomplice Claire Thomas is pretending to be in love with Gene while double-crossing him.
Gene is paroled after three years. He returns to boxing, supported by Mary Comstock, a girl from Miller's office who believes in Gene's innocence, even after another foe dies while fighting him. They discover that an undetectable poison is being used on the fighters' towels. Overhearing a plot to kill him the same way, Gene plays dead and is carried out, setting a trap with the police that the villains fall into right after the fight.
Cast
Edward J. Nugent as Gene Harris
Lucille Lund as Claire Thomas
Joan Barclay as Mary Comstock
Forrest Taylor as George Miller
Syd Saylor as Dave Moran
Monte Blue as Bert McNamee
John Elliott as The Police Captain
Jack Cowell as Graham, Murphy's manager
Willard Kent as Veterinarian
Walter O'Keefe as John Halligan, referee
Martha Wentworth as Mrs. Murphy
Lloyd Ingraham as Prison Warden
Murdock MacQuarrie as Fight Fan
Arthur Thalasso as Coroner
Dorothy Vernon as Waitress at Tea Room
Jack Cheatham as Cop
Corky as Babe, Gene's Dog
See also
List of boxing films
References
Bibliography
Pitts, Michael R. Poverty Row Studios, 1929-1940. McFarland & Company, 2005.
External links
Prison Shadows at IMDb
Prison Shadows is available for free download at the Internet Archive | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"film"
]
} |
Prison Shadows is a 1936 American crime film directed by Robert F. Hill and starring Edward J. Nugent, Lucille Lund and Joan Barclay.
Plot
Gene Harris, a prizefighter, is sentenced to five years in prison after killing an opponent in the ring. Gene's trainer Moran is suspicious of promoter George Miller, whose accomplice Claire Thomas is pretending to be in love with Gene while double-crossing him.
Gene is paroled after three years. He returns to boxing, supported by Mary Comstock, a girl from Miller's office who believes in Gene's innocence, even after another foe dies while fighting him. They discover that an undetectable poison is being used on the fighters' towels. Overhearing a plot to kill him the same way, Gene plays dead and is carried out, setting a trap with the police that the villains fall into right after the fight.
Cast
Edward J. Nugent as Gene Harris
Lucille Lund as Claire Thomas
Joan Barclay as Mary Comstock
Forrest Taylor as George Miller
Syd Saylor as Dave Moran
Monte Blue as Bert McNamee
John Elliott as The Police Captain
Jack Cowell as Graham, Murphy's manager
Willard Kent as Veterinarian
Walter O'Keefe as John Halligan, referee
Martha Wentworth as Mrs. Murphy
Lloyd Ingraham as Prison Warden
Murdock MacQuarrie as Fight Fan
Arthur Thalasso as Coroner
Dorothy Vernon as Waitress at Tea Room
Jack Cheatham as Cop
Corky as Babe, Gene's Dog
See also
List of boxing films
References
Bibliography
Pitts, Michael R. Poverty Row Studios, 1929-1940. McFarland & Company, 2005.
External links
Prison Shadows at IMDb
Prison Shadows is available for free download at the Internet Archive | director | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"Robert F. Hill"
]
} |
Prison Shadows is a 1936 American crime film directed by Robert F. Hill and starring Edward J. Nugent, Lucille Lund and Joan Barclay.
Plot
Gene Harris, a prizefighter, is sentenced to five years in prison after killing an opponent in the ring. Gene's trainer Moran is suspicious of promoter George Miller, whose accomplice Claire Thomas is pretending to be in love with Gene while double-crossing him.
Gene is paroled after three years. He returns to boxing, supported by Mary Comstock, a girl from Miller's office who believes in Gene's innocence, even after another foe dies while fighting him. They discover that an undetectable poison is being used on the fighters' towels. Overhearing a plot to kill him the same way, Gene plays dead and is carried out, setting a trap with the police that the villains fall into right after the fight.
Cast
Edward J. Nugent as Gene Harris
Lucille Lund as Claire Thomas
Joan Barclay as Mary Comstock
Forrest Taylor as George Miller
Syd Saylor as Dave Moran
Monte Blue as Bert McNamee
John Elliott as The Police Captain
Jack Cowell as Graham, Murphy's manager
Willard Kent as Veterinarian
Walter O'Keefe as John Halligan, referee
Martha Wentworth as Mrs. Murphy
Lloyd Ingraham as Prison Warden
Murdock MacQuarrie as Fight Fan
Arthur Thalasso as Coroner
Dorothy Vernon as Waitress at Tea Room
Jack Cheatham as Cop
Corky as Babe, Gene's Dog
See also
List of boxing films
References
Bibliography
Pitts, Michael R. Poverty Row Studios, 1929-1940. McFarland & Company, 2005.
External links
Prison Shadows at IMDb
Prison Shadows is available for free download at the Internet Archive | genre | {
"answer_start": [
34
],
"text": [
"crime film"
]
} |
Prison Shadows is a 1936 American crime film directed by Robert F. Hill and starring Edward J. Nugent, Lucille Lund and Joan Barclay.
Plot
Gene Harris, a prizefighter, is sentenced to five years in prison after killing an opponent in the ring. Gene's trainer Moran is suspicious of promoter George Miller, whose accomplice Claire Thomas is pretending to be in love with Gene while double-crossing him.
Gene is paroled after three years. He returns to boxing, supported by Mary Comstock, a girl from Miller's office who believes in Gene's innocence, even after another foe dies while fighting him. They discover that an undetectable poison is being used on the fighters' towels. Overhearing a plot to kill him the same way, Gene plays dead and is carried out, setting a trap with the police that the villains fall into right after the fight.
Cast
Edward J. Nugent as Gene Harris
Lucille Lund as Claire Thomas
Joan Barclay as Mary Comstock
Forrest Taylor as George Miller
Syd Saylor as Dave Moran
Monte Blue as Bert McNamee
John Elliott as The Police Captain
Jack Cowell as Graham, Murphy's manager
Willard Kent as Veterinarian
Walter O'Keefe as John Halligan, referee
Martha Wentworth as Mrs. Murphy
Lloyd Ingraham as Prison Warden
Murdock MacQuarrie as Fight Fan
Arthur Thalasso as Coroner
Dorothy Vernon as Waitress at Tea Room
Jack Cheatham as Cop
Corky as Babe, Gene's Dog
See also
List of boxing films
References
Bibliography
Pitts, Michael R. Poverty Row Studios, 1929-1940. McFarland & Company, 2005.
External links
Prison Shadows at IMDb
Prison Shadows is available for free download at the Internet Archive | cast member | {
"answer_start": [
941
],
"text": [
"Forrest Taylor"
]
} |
Prison Shadows is a 1936 American crime film directed by Robert F. Hill and starring Edward J. Nugent, Lucille Lund and Joan Barclay.
Plot
Gene Harris, a prizefighter, is sentenced to five years in prison after killing an opponent in the ring. Gene's trainer Moran is suspicious of promoter George Miller, whose accomplice Claire Thomas is pretending to be in love with Gene while double-crossing him.
Gene is paroled after three years. He returns to boxing, supported by Mary Comstock, a girl from Miller's office who believes in Gene's innocence, even after another foe dies while fighting him. They discover that an undetectable poison is being used on the fighters' towels. Overhearing a plot to kill him the same way, Gene plays dead and is carried out, setting a trap with the police that the villains fall into right after the fight.
Cast
Edward J. Nugent as Gene Harris
Lucille Lund as Claire Thomas
Joan Barclay as Mary Comstock
Forrest Taylor as George Miller
Syd Saylor as Dave Moran
Monte Blue as Bert McNamee
John Elliott as The Police Captain
Jack Cowell as Graham, Murphy's manager
Willard Kent as Veterinarian
Walter O'Keefe as John Halligan, referee
Martha Wentworth as Mrs. Murphy
Lloyd Ingraham as Prison Warden
Murdock MacQuarrie as Fight Fan
Arthur Thalasso as Coroner
Dorothy Vernon as Waitress at Tea Room
Jack Cheatham as Cop
Corky as Babe, Gene's Dog
See also
List of boxing films
References
Bibliography
Pitts, Michael R. Poverty Row Studios, 1929-1940. McFarland & Company, 2005.
External links
Prison Shadows at IMDb
Prison Shadows is available for free download at the Internet Archive | title | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Prison Shadows"
]
} |
The Trammps III is the fifth studio album by the American soul-disco group the Trammps, released in 1977 through Atlantic Records.
Commercial performance
The album peaked at No. 27 on the R&B albums chart. It also reached No. 85 on the Billboard 200. The album includes the singles "The Night the Lights Went Out", which peaked at No. 80 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, and "Seasons for Girls", which charted at No. 50 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.
Track listing
Personnel
The TrammpsEarl Young
Harold Wade
Stanley Wade
Robert Upchurch
Jimmy EllisAdditional PersonnelNorman Harris, Bobby Eli, T.J. Tindall – guitars
Ron "Have Mercy" Kersey, Bruce Gray, Carlton Kent – keyboards
Ron Baker, Sugar Bear Foreman – bass
Earl Young – drums
T.G. Conway – synthesizer
Don Renaldo and His Strings and Horns (except on "Love Per Hour" horns by Fred Wesley and The Horny Horns)
Charts
Album
Singles
References
External links
The Trammps III at Discogs (list of releases) | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
36
],
"text": [
"album"
]
} |
The Trammps III is the fifth studio album by the American soul-disco group the Trammps, released in 1977 through Atlantic Records.
Commercial performance
The album peaked at No. 27 on the R&B albums chart. It also reached No. 85 on the Billboard 200. The album includes the singles "The Night the Lights Went Out", which peaked at No. 80 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, and "Seasons for Girls", which charted at No. 50 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.
Track listing
Personnel
The TrammpsEarl Young
Harold Wade
Stanley Wade
Robert Upchurch
Jimmy EllisAdditional PersonnelNorman Harris, Bobby Eli, T.J. Tindall – guitars
Ron "Have Mercy" Kersey, Bruce Gray, Carlton Kent – keyboards
Ron Baker, Sugar Bear Foreman – bass
Earl Young – drums
T.G. Conway – synthesizer
Don Renaldo and His Strings and Horns (except on "Love Per Hour" horns by Fred Wesley and The Horny Horns)
Charts
Album
Singles
References
External links
The Trammps III at Discogs (list of releases) | genre | {
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"disco"
]
} |
The Trammps III is the fifth studio album by the American soul-disco group the Trammps, released in 1977 through Atlantic Records.
Commercial performance
The album peaked at No. 27 on the R&B albums chart. It also reached No. 85 on the Billboard 200. The album includes the singles "The Night the Lights Went Out", which peaked at No. 80 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, and "Seasons for Girls", which charted at No. 50 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.
Track listing
Personnel
The TrammpsEarl Young
Harold Wade
Stanley Wade
Robert Upchurch
Jimmy EllisAdditional PersonnelNorman Harris, Bobby Eli, T.J. Tindall – guitars
Ron "Have Mercy" Kersey, Bruce Gray, Carlton Kent – keyboards
Ron Baker, Sugar Bear Foreman – bass
Earl Young – drums
T.G. Conway – synthesizer
Don Renaldo and His Strings and Horns (except on "Love Per Hour" horns by Fred Wesley and The Horny Horns)
Charts
Album
Singles
References
External links
The Trammps III at Discogs (list of releases) | producer | {
"answer_start": [
569
],
"text": [
"Norman Harris"
]
} |
The Trammps III is the fifth studio album by the American soul-disco group the Trammps, released in 1977 through Atlantic Records.
Commercial performance
The album peaked at No. 27 on the R&B albums chart. It also reached No. 85 on the Billboard 200. The album includes the singles "The Night the Lights Went Out", which peaked at No. 80 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, and "Seasons for Girls", which charted at No. 50 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.
Track listing
Personnel
The TrammpsEarl Young
Harold Wade
Stanley Wade
Robert Upchurch
Jimmy EllisAdditional PersonnelNorman Harris, Bobby Eli, T.J. Tindall – guitars
Ron "Have Mercy" Kersey, Bruce Gray, Carlton Kent – keyboards
Ron Baker, Sugar Bear Foreman – bass
Earl Young – drums
T.G. Conway – synthesizer
Don Renaldo and His Strings and Horns (except on "Love Per Hour" horns by Fred Wesley and The Horny Horns)
Charts
Album
Singles
References
External links
The Trammps III at Discogs (list of releases) | performer | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The Trammps"
]
} |
The Trammps III is the fifth studio album by the American soul-disco group the Trammps, released in 1977 through Atlantic Records.
Commercial performance
The album peaked at No. 27 on the R&B albums chart. It also reached No. 85 on the Billboard 200. The album includes the singles "The Night the Lights Went Out", which peaked at No. 80 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, and "Seasons for Girls", which charted at No. 50 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.
Track listing
Personnel
The TrammpsEarl Young
Harold Wade
Stanley Wade
Robert Upchurch
Jimmy EllisAdditional PersonnelNorman Harris, Bobby Eli, T.J. Tindall – guitars
Ron "Have Mercy" Kersey, Bruce Gray, Carlton Kent – keyboards
Ron Baker, Sugar Bear Foreman – bass
Earl Young – drums
T.G. Conway – synthesizer
Don Renaldo and His Strings and Horns (except on "Love Per Hour" horns by Fred Wesley and The Horny Horns)
Charts
Album
Singles
References
External links
The Trammps III at Discogs (list of releases) | record label | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"Atlantic Records"
]
} |
The Trammps III is the fifth studio album by the American soul-disco group the Trammps, released in 1977 through Atlantic Records.
Commercial performance
The album peaked at No. 27 on the R&B albums chart. It also reached No. 85 on the Billboard 200. The album includes the singles "The Night the Lights Went Out", which peaked at No. 80 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, and "Seasons for Girls", which charted at No. 50 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.
Track listing
Personnel
The TrammpsEarl Young
Harold Wade
Stanley Wade
Robert Upchurch
Jimmy EllisAdditional PersonnelNorman Harris, Bobby Eli, T.J. Tindall – guitars
Ron "Have Mercy" Kersey, Bruce Gray, Carlton Kent – keyboards
Ron Baker, Sugar Bear Foreman – bass
Earl Young – drums
T.G. Conway – synthesizer
Don Renaldo and His Strings and Horns (except on "Love Per Hour" horns by Fred Wesley and The Horny Horns)
Charts
Album
Singles
References
External links
The Trammps III at Discogs (list of releases) | release of | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The Trammps III"
]
} |
Ronald Chebolei Kwemoi (Japanese: ﾛﾅﾙﾄﾞ ｹﾓｲ; born 19 September 1995) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in cross country running and track running events. He specialises in the 1500 metres and holds a personal best of 3:28.81 minutes set at Herculis on July 18, 2014. The time is a world junior record. He was the 2014 Kenyan champion in the event. He was a team silver medallist at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.
Career
Hailing from Mount Elgon District, Kwemoi ended his schooling in 2009 as his family could not afford the fees. He began training as a runner under coach Godwill Kipruto and around 2011 moved to Iten, a well-known centre for running in Kenya. He made his first impact as a runner at national level at the age of seventeen. He took his first victory on the Athletics Kenya circuit in Kericho. In February 2013 he entered the Kenyan junior cross country championships and won the race by six seconds. His win—on his national debut—was an upset as he was unknown beforehand and beat the more favoured Leonard Barsoton and Conseslus Kipruto, a world junior champion. This led to his international debut for Kenya and he placed ninth in the junior race at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Although he was beaten by his compatriots Barsoton and Kipruto at the event, his placing meant Kenya shared in the team silver medals behind Ethiopia.After his cross country performances, he travelled to Japan and trained in track events. That season, he won a 1500 metres in with a best of 3:45.39 minutes and set a best of 13:41.99 minutes for the 5000 metres. He joined up with the Komori corporate running team in 2014 and focused on the 1500 m. He won his opening race of that year at the Kanaguri Memorial, improving to 3:42.45 minutes, then improved again to win at the Hyogo Relays. Wins at the East Japan championship and North Rift Valley championship preceded his first Kenyan national title, which he won in Nairobi in 3:34.6 minutes – knocking eight seconds off his previous best. He extended his unbeaten streak in the 1500 m at the Athletissima 2014 Diamond League meeting – there he caused an upset by winning in 3:31.48 minutes to beat world championship medallists Silas Kiplagat, Matt Centrowitz and Abdalaati Iguider. His time was the fastest by a junior (under-20) athlete for nearly ten years and placed him fourth on the all-time junior lists.In what was called one of the greatest races in the history of the 1500 metres, Kwemoi was an up close spectator to a world record attempt by Asbel Kiprop at the 2014 Herculis meet in Monaco. The record attempt failed but turned into a highly competitive race, with 9 athletes setting personal bests. While Silas Kiplagat ended up beating Kiprop in 3:27.64, coming from sixth place with 200 to go to finish a few steps behind in third, Kwemoi improved his personal best and improved upon the world junior record with a 3:28.81. The time also tied Mo Farah as the number 7 1500 metres of all time. See the race
From the beginning of 2016 he went under the coaching of the Italian Renato Canova, looking for moving to the longer distance of 5000m.
Personal bests
1500 metres – 3:28.81 min (2014)
Mile – 3:49.04 min (2017)
3000 metres – 7:28.73 min (2017)
5000 metres – 13:16.14 min (2015)
10000 metres – 27:33.94 min (2016)
International competition record
References
External links
Ronald Kwemoi at World Athletics | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"Kenya"
]
} |
Ronald Chebolei Kwemoi (Japanese: ﾛﾅﾙﾄﾞ ｹﾓｲ; born 19 September 1995) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in cross country running and track running events. He specialises in the 1500 metres and holds a personal best of 3:28.81 minutes set at Herculis on July 18, 2014. The time is a world junior record. He was the 2014 Kenyan champion in the event. He was a team silver medallist at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.
Career
Hailing from Mount Elgon District, Kwemoi ended his schooling in 2009 as his family could not afford the fees. He began training as a runner under coach Godwill Kipruto and around 2011 moved to Iten, a well-known centre for running in Kenya. He made his first impact as a runner at national level at the age of seventeen. He took his first victory on the Athletics Kenya circuit in Kericho. In February 2013 he entered the Kenyan junior cross country championships and won the race by six seconds. His win—on his national debut—was an upset as he was unknown beforehand and beat the more favoured Leonard Barsoton and Conseslus Kipruto, a world junior champion. This led to his international debut for Kenya and he placed ninth in the junior race at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Although he was beaten by his compatriots Barsoton and Kipruto at the event, his placing meant Kenya shared in the team silver medals behind Ethiopia.After his cross country performances, he travelled to Japan and trained in track events. That season, he won a 1500 metres in with a best of 3:45.39 minutes and set a best of 13:41.99 minutes for the 5000 metres. He joined up with the Komori corporate running team in 2014 and focused on the 1500 m. He won his opening race of that year at the Kanaguri Memorial, improving to 3:42.45 minutes, then improved again to win at the Hyogo Relays. Wins at the East Japan championship and North Rift Valley championship preceded his first Kenyan national title, which he won in Nairobi in 3:34.6 minutes – knocking eight seconds off his previous best. He extended his unbeaten streak in the 1500 m at the Athletissima 2014 Diamond League meeting – there he caused an upset by winning in 3:31.48 minutes to beat world championship medallists Silas Kiplagat, Matt Centrowitz and Abdalaati Iguider. His time was the fastest by a junior (under-20) athlete for nearly ten years and placed him fourth on the all-time junior lists.In what was called one of the greatest races in the history of the 1500 metres, Kwemoi was an up close spectator to a world record attempt by Asbel Kiprop at the 2014 Herculis meet in Monaco. The record attempt failed but turned into a highly competitive race, with 9 athletes setting personal bests. While Silas Kiplagat ended up beating Kiprop in 3:27.64, coming from sixth place with 200 to go to finish a few steps behind in third, Kwemoi improved his personal best and improved upon the world junior record with a 3:28.81. The time also tied Mo Farah as the number 7 1500 metres of all time. See the race
From the beginning of 2016 he went under the coaching of the Italian Renato Canova, looking for moving to the longer distance of 5000m.
Personal bests
1500 metres – 3:28.81 min (2014)
Mile – 3:49.04 min (2017)
3000 metres – 7:28.73 min (2017)
5000 metres – 13:16.14 min (2015)
10000 metres – 27:33.94 min (2016)
International competition record
References
External links
Ronald Kwemoi at World Athletics | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ronald"
]
} |
Ronald Chebolei Kwemoi (Japanese: ﾛﾅﾙﾄﾞ ｹﾓｲ; born 19 September 1995) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in cross country running and track running events. He specialises in the 1500 metres and holds a personal best of 3:28.81 minutes set at Herculis on July 18, 2014. The time is a world junior record. He was the 2014 Kenyan champion in the event. He was a team silver medallist at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.
Career
Hailing from Mount Elgon District, Kwemoi ended his schooling in 2009 as his family could not afford the fees. He began training as a runner under coach Godwill Kipruto and around 2011 moved to Iten, a well-known centre for running in Kenya. He made his first impact as a runner at national level at the age of seventeen. He took his first victory on the Athletics Kenya circuit in Kericho. In February 2013 he entered the Kenyan junior cross country championships and won the race by six seconds. His win—on his national debut—was an upset as he was unknown beforehand and beat the more favoured Leonard Barsoton and Conseslus Kipruto, a world junior champion. This led to his international debut for Kenya and he placed ninth in the junior race at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Although he was beaten by his compatriots Barsoton and Kipruto at the event, his placing meant Kenya shared in the team silver medals behind Ethiopia.After his cross country performances, he travelled to Japan and trained in track events. That season, he won a 1500 metres in with a best of 3:45.39 minutes and set a best of 13:41.99 minutes for the 5000 metres. He joined up with the Komori corporate running team in 2014 and focused on the 1500 m. He won his opening race of that year at the Kanaguri Memorial, improving to 3:42.45 minutes, then improved again to win at the Hyogo Relays. Wins at the East Japan championship and North Rift Valley championship preceded his first Kenyan national title, which he won in Nairobi in 3:34.6 minutes – knocking eight seconds off his previous best. He extended his unbeaten streak in the 1500 m at the Athletissima 2014 Diamond League meeting – there he caused an upset by winning in 3:31.48 minutes to beat world championship medallists Silas Kiplagat, Matt Centrowitz and Abdalaati Iguider. His time was the fastest by a junior (under-20) athlete for nearly ten years and placed him fourth on the all-time junior lists.In what was called one of the greatest races in the history of the 1500 metres, Kwemoi was an up close spectator to a world record attempt by Asbel Kiprop at the 2014 Herculis meet in Monaco. The record attempt failed but turned into a highly competitive race, with 9 athletes setting personal bests. While Silas Kiplagat ended up beating Kiprop in 3:27.64, coming from sixth place with 200 to go to finish a few steps behind in third, Kwemoi improved his personal best and improved upon the world junior record with a 3:28.81. The time also tied Mo Farah as the number 7 1500 metres of all time. See the race
From the beginning of 2016 he went under the coaching of the Italian Renato Canova, looking for moving to the longer distance of 5000m.
Personal bests
1500 metres – 3:28.81 min (2014)
Mile – 3:49.04 min (2017)
3000 metres – 7:28.73 min (2017)
5000 metres – 13:16.14 min (2015)
10000 metres – 27:33.94 min (2016)
International competition record
References
External links
Ronald Kwemoi at World Athletics | sports discipline competed in | {
"answer_start": [
189
],
"text": [
"1500 metres"
]
} |
VietinBank Business Center Office Tower is a supertall skyscrapers in the Ciputra urban area. It was planned to be Vietinbank’s headquarters in Hanoi. If built, it will be the second tallest building in Vietnam.
History
In 2008, Vietinbank agreed to signed a contract with Nam Thang Long Urban Area Development Company Limited. However, because of the 2008 financial crisis, the contract was unsuccessful. So, construction didn’t start until 2010. The skyscraper was expected to be completed in 2014. Unfortunately, the schedule was pushed towards 2018 because of the problems in the company’s investment. In the end, the construction of the building was halted. When it was put on hold, only the basement and a few floors had been finished. After that, the future of the building is uncertain.
See also
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
Tallest buildings in Vietnam
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
203
],
"text": [
"Vietnam"
]
} |
VietinBank Business Center Office Tower is a supertall skyscrapers in the Ciputra urban area. It was planned to be Vietinbank’s headquarters in Hanoi. If built, it will be the second tallest building in Vietnam.
History
In 2008, Vietinbank agreed to signed a contract with Nam Thang Long Urban Area Development Company Limited. However, because of the 2008 financial crisis, the contract was unsuccessful. So, construction didn’t start until 2010. The skyscraper was expected to be completed in 2014. Unfortunately, the schedule was pushed towards 2018 because of the problems in the company’s investment. In the end, the construction of the building was halted. When it was put on hold, only the basement and a few floors had been finished. After that, the future of the building is uncertain.
See also
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
Tallest buildings in Vietnam
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"skyscraper"
]
} |
VietinBank Business Center Office Tower is a supertall skyscrapers in the Ciputra urban area. It was planned to be Vietinbank’s headquarters in Hanoi. If built, it will be the second tallest building in Vietnam.
History
In 2008, Vietinbank agreed to signed a contract with Nam Thang Long Urban Area Development Company Limited. However, because of the 2008 financial crisis, the contract was unsuccessful. So, construction didn’t start until 2010. The skyscraper was expected to be completed in 2014. Unfortunately, the schedule was pushed towards 2018 because of the problems in the company’s investment. In the end, the construction of the building was halted. When it was put on hold, only the basement and a few floors had been finished. After that, the future of the building is uncertain.
See also
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
Tallest buildings in Vietnam
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"Hanoi"
]
} |
VietinBank Business Center Office Tower is a supertall skyscrapers in the Ciputra urban area. It was planned to be Vietinbank’s headquarters in Hanoi. If built, it will be the second tallest building in Vietnam.
History
In 2008, Vietinbank agreed to signed a contract with Nam Thang Long Urban Area Development Company Limited. However, because of the 2008 financial crisis, the contract was unsuccessful. So, construction didn’t start until 2010. The skyscraper was expected to be completed in 2014. Unfortunately, the schedule was pushed towards 2018 because of the problems in the company’s investment. In the end, the construction of the building was halted. When it was put on hold, only the basement and a few floors had been finished. After that, the future of the building is uncertain.
See also
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
Tallest buildings in Vietnam
== References == | floors below ground | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"2"
]
} |
Generalized granuloma annulare is a skin condition of unknown cause, tending to affect women in the fifth and sixth decades, presenting as a diffuse but symmetrical, papular or annular eruption of more than ten skin lesions, and often hundreds.: 703
See also
Granuloma annulare
List of cutaneous conditions
List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions
References
== External links == | subclass of | {
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"granuloma annulare"
]
} |
Generalized granuloma annulare is a skin condition of unknown cause, tending to affect women in the fifth and sixth decades, presenting as a diffuse but symmetrical, papular or annular eruption of more than ten skin lesions, and often hundreds.: 703
See also
Granuloma annulare
List of cutaneous conditions
List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions
References
== External links == | issue | {
"answer_start": [
248
],
"text": [
"3"
]
} |
Generalized granuloma annulare is a skin condition of unknown cause, tending to affect women in the fifth and sixth decades, presenting as a diffuse but symmetrical, papular or annular eruption of more than ten skin lesions, and often hundreds.: 703
See also
Granuloma annulare
List of cutaneous conditions
List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions
References
== External links == | main subject | {
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"granuloma annulare"
]
} |
Generalized granuloma annulare is a skin condition of unknown cause, tending to affect women in the fifth and sixth decades, presenting as a diffuse but symmetrical, papular or annular eruption of more than ten skin lesions, and often hundreds.: 703
See also
Granuloma annulare
List of cutaneous conditions
List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions
References
== External links == | title | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Generalized granuloma annulare"
]
} |
K&B (Katz and Besthoff) was a drug store chain headquartered in New Orleans. Founded in 1905, it expanded to have stores in the United States Gulf Coast region until it was purchased by Rite Aid in 1997.
Gustave Katz partnered with Sydney J. Besthoff at 732 Canal Street, New Orleans in 1905, and continually expanded through the 20th century to become a regional chain. It was well known for its unique purple color, with everything in the store (signs, cash registers, employee uniforms, etc.) being "K&B Purple". This color became well known as a descriptive term in the local lexicon - as one might describe something as "forest green", New Orleanians still describe this particular shade of purple as "K&B purple."
K&B had many of its own private label items, including household goods such as logo ice chests and garbage cans (in purple), its own liquor line with names typically beginning with the letters K&B and the YENDIS (Sidney spelled backwards) Liquor brand, and for a time a brand of beer. While the majority of K&B brand products were inexpensive non-descript products locally regarded as just above a generic brand, the line also included well regarded products such as the much beloved line of K&B ice cream; the distinctive K&B Creole Cream Cheese ice cream and its "talking ice cream freezer display case" TV commercials were local favorites. K&B had its own credit card operation too and since its credit policy was so stringent it became a badge of honor to be awarded a K&B credit card.
K&B's corporate headquarters, K&B Plaza were located at Lee Circle in the New Orleans Central Business District. The building built in the mid 1960s, was originally designed by Skidmore, Owings, & Merrill, and owned and occupied by the John Hancock Insurance Company. Featured on the raised terrazzo plaza that surrounded the building is a large marble column topped with a marble crescent fountain called the "Mississippi Fountain" (see: http://www.noguchi.org/noguchi/works/mississippi-fountain), made by Isamu Noguchi. In the mid-seventies, K&B bought the building from John Hancock. The building is still known as K&B Plaza despite the fact that K&B sold its assets to Rite Aid in 1997, however the K&B family still own and occupy office space there on the seventh (top) floor from which the family, including two of Sydney's daughters, Valerie and Jane, manage their significant real estate business. The building is a showcase for some of Sydney's art collection and is open to the public. The older headquarters and warehouse at 900 Camp Street was donated by K&B to become the headquarters of New Orleans' Contemporary Arts Center at the start of the 1980s. After Rite Aid's rebranding of the chain, items from the stores were sold to the public with proceeds benefiting local charities.
Sydney Besthoff III, the grandson of the drugstore's founder, and his wife, Walda are well-known local philanthropists and collectors of museum-quality works of art. Their collection includes works by significant contemporary sculptors. The Sydney and Walda Besthoff Sculpture Garden at the New Orleans Museum of Art in City Park was created from their specifications and donations.
Bibliography
K&B: "Only the Best," by John S. Epstein, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4528-8835-4
K&B Drug Stores, by John S. Epstein, 2011. ISBN 978-0-7385-8227-6
External links
Besthoff Sculpture Garden at City Park | headquarters location | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"New Orleans"
]
} |
K&B (Katz and Besthoff) was a drug store chain headquartered in New Orleans. Founded in 1905, it expanded to have stores in the United States Gulf Coast region until it was purchased by Rite Aid in 1997.
Gustave Katz partnered with Sydney J. Besthoff at 732 Canal Street, New Orleans in 1905, and continually expanded through the 20th century to become a regional chain. It was well known for its unique purple color, with everything in the store (signs, cash registers, employee uniforms, etc.) being "K&B Purple". This color became well known as a descriptive term in the local lexicon - as one might describe something as "forest green", New Orleanians still describe this particular shade of purple as "K&B purple."
K&B had many of its own private label items, including household goods such as logo ice chests and garbage cans (in purple), its own liquor line with names typically beginning with the letters K&B and the YENDIS (Sidney spelled backwards) Liquor brand, and for a time a brand of beer. While the majority of K&B brand products were inexpensive non-descript products locally regarded as just above a generic brand, the line also included well regarded products such as the much beloved line of K&B ice cream; the distinctive K&B Creole Cream Cheese ice cream and its "talking ice cream freezer display case" TV commercials were local favorites. K&B had its own credit card operation too and since its credit policy was so stringent it became a badge of honor to be awarded a K&B credit card.
K&B's corporate headquarters, K&B Plaza were located at Lee Circle in the New Orleans Central Business District. The building built in the mid 1960s, was originally designed by Skidmore, Owings, & Merrill, and owned and occupied by the John Hancock Insurance Company. Featured on the raised terrazzo plaza that surrounded the building is a large marble column topped with a marble crescent fountain called the "Mississippi Fountain" (see: http://www.noguchi.org/noguchi/works/mississippi-fountain), made by Isamu Noguchi. In the mid-seventies, K&B bought the building from John Hancock. The building is still known as K&B Plaza despite the fact that K&B sold its assets to Rite Aid in 1997, however the K&B family still own and occupy office space there on the seventh (top) floor from which the family, including two of Sydney's daughters, Valerie and Jane, manage their significant real estate business. The building is a showcase for some of Sydney's art collection and is open to the public. The older headquarters and warehouse at 900 Camp Street was donated by K&B to become the headquarters of New Orleans' Contemporary Arts Center at the start of the 1980s. After Rite Aid's rebranding of the chain, items from the stores were sold to the public with proceeds benefiting local charities.
Sydney Besthoff III, the grandson of the drugstore's founder, and his wife, Walda are well-known local philanthropists and collectors of museum-quality works of art. Their collection includes works by significant contemporary sculptors. The Sydney and Walda Besthoff Sculpture Garden at the New Orleans Museum of Art in City Park was created from their specifications and donations.
Bibliography
K&B: "Only the Best," by John S. Epstein, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4528-8835-4
K&B Drug Stores, by John S. Epstein, 2011. ISBN 978-0-7385-8227-6
External links
Besthoff Sculpture Garden at City Park | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"K&B"
]
} |
Gonzalo Aguiar Martínez (born 11 April 1966) is a Spanish former cyclist. He competed in the road race at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Gonzalo Aguiar at ProCyclingStats
Gonzalo Aguiar at Olympedia | family name | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Aguiar"
]
} |
Gonzalo Aguiar Martínez (born 11 April 1966) is a Spanish former cyclist. He competed in the road race at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Gonzalo Aguiar at ProCyclingStats
Gonzalo Aguiar at Olympedia | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Gonzalo"
]
} |
Gonzalo Aguiar Martínez (born 11 April 1966) is a Spanish former cyclist. He competed in the road race at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Gonzalo Aguiar at ProCyclingStats
Gonzalo Aguiar at Olympedia | participant in | {
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"1988 Summer Olympics"
]
} |
Gonzalo Aguiar Martínez (born 11 April 1966) is a Spanish former cyclist. He competed in the road race at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Gonzalo Aguiar at ProCyclingStats
Gonzalo Aguiar at Olympedia | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"Spanish"
]
} |
Trilochan Bhatta (Nepali: त्रिलोचन भट्ट) is a Nepalese politician and former Chief Minister of Sudurpashchim Province, a province in far-western Nepal. He was unanimously selected Parliamentary Party leader of Communist Party of Nepal for Sudurpashchim pradesh on 12 February 2018. He was appointed as the chief minister, according to Article 168 (1) of the Constitution of Nepal and took the oath of his office and secrecy as a chief minister on 17 February 2018.
Early life
Trilochan Bhatta was born in Phaledi (now K.I. Singh Rural Municipality), Doti, Nepal to Prasad Bhatta and Sharada Devi Bhatta.
See also
Rajendra Kumar Rai
Lalbabu Raut
Rajendra Prasad Pandey
Krishna Chandra Nepali
Kul Prasad KC
Jeevan Bahadur Shahi
References
== External links == | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"politician"
]
} |
Trilochan Bhatta (Nepali: त्रिलोचन भट्ट) is a Nepalese politician and former Chief Minister of Sudurpashchim Province, a province in far-western Nepal. He was unanimously selected Parliamentary Party leader of Communist Party of Nepal for Sudurpashchim pradesh on 12 February 2018. He was appointed as the chief minister, according to Article 168 (1) of the Constitution of Nepal and took the oath of his office and secrecy as a chief minister on 17 February 2018.
Early life
Trilochan Bhatta was born in Phaledi (now K.I. Singh Rural Municipality), Doti, Nepal to Prasad Bhatta and Sharada Devi Bhatta.
See also
Rajendra Kumar Rai
Lalbabu Raut
Rajendra Prasad Pandey
Krishna Chandra Nepali
Kul Prasad KC
Jeevan Bahadur Shahi
References
== External links == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Trilochan Bhatta"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"Grassi"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Antonella"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"Italian"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | writing language | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"Italian"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | educated at | {
"answer_start": [
196
],
"text": [
"Duke University"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"mathematician"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | employer | {
"answer_start": [
400
],
"text": [
"University of Pennsylvania"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | award received | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"Fellow of the American Mathematical Society"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | doctoral advisor | {
"answer_start": [
237
],
"text": [
"David R. Morrison"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | member of | {
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"American Mathematical Society"
]
} |
Antonella Grassi is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and string theory. She is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Education
Grassi received her Ph.D. from Duke University under the supervision of David R. Morrison. Her dissertation was entitled "Minimal Models of Elliptic Threefolds."
Career and Service
Grassi is currently Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has supervised two doctoral students, one at the University of Pennsylvania and the other at Università di Torino in Torino. She is an active participant in Women in Math at the University of Pennsylvania.Grassi has been a leader and mentor in the Institute for Advanced Study Program for Women in Mathematics; in particular, she organized the 2007 program on Algebraic Geometry and Group Actions.
Honors
Grassi was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society. Her citation read "For contributions to algebraic geometry and mathematical physics, and for leadership in mentoring programs."
== References == | nLab ID | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Antonella Grassi"
]
} |
Gabriela Teresa Lenartowicz (born 12 December 1960) is a Polish politician. She was elected to the Sejm (9th term) representing the constituency of Bielsko-Biała II. She previously also served in the 8th term of the Sejm (2015–2019).
== References == | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"politician"
]
} |
Gabriela Teresa Lenartowicz (born 12 December 1960) is a Polish politician. She was elected to the Sejm (9th term) representing the constituency of Bielsko-Biała II. She previously also served in the 8th term of the Sejm (2015–2019).
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"Lenartowicz"
]
} |
Gabriela Teresa Lenartowicz (born 12 December 1960) is a Polish politician. She was elected to the Sejm (9th term) representing the constituency of Bielsko-Biała II. She previously also served in the 8th term of the Sejm (2015–2019).
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Gabriela"
]
} |
Gabriela Teresa Lenartowicz (born 12 December 1960) is a Polish politician. She was elected to the Sejm (9th term) representing the constituency of Bielsko-Biała II. She previously also served in the 8th term of the Sejm (2015–2019).
== References == | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"Polish"
]
} |
The Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2017 was held on 8 December 2017 at the Kampala Serena Hotel themed the Fashion Takeover, celebrating the business and entrepreneurial potential of the fashion industry in Africa. The awards were presented by the ‘’’Abryanz franchise’’’ with an aim of honoring and celebrate excellence of Africa’s growing fashion industry. The event was hosted by Rachel K and Nana Akua and produced by South Africas's David Tlale.Nominations for the 2017 ASFAs started on 7 September until 6 October. Nominees were unveiled in a video presented by Abryanz Collection and ASFAs CEO Brian Ahumuza, TV presenter Bettinah Tianah and model scout Joram Muzira.
Acts
Musicians Mafikizolo, Eddy Kenzo, Desire Luzinda, Fik Fameica, Gravity Omutujju, Latinum and Sheebah performed at the event. Mafikizolo performed their hit songs including Wepuuti, Koona and closed their performance with their new release Love Potion which won Most Stylish Video of The Year award on the same night. The highlight of the event was the Lifetime/Style Fashion Icon Achievement Award which was presented to Nigerian tailor and fashion designer Mai Atafo.
Nominees and winners
Winners are highlighted and bolded.
See also
Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards (ASFAs)
== References == | part of the series | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards"
]
} |
The Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2017 was held on 8 December 2017 at the Kampala Serena Hotel themed the Fashion Takeover, celebrating the business and entrepreneurial potential of the fashion industry in Africa. The awards were presented by the ‘’’Abryanz franchise’’’ with an aim of honoring and celebrate excellence of Africa’s growing fashion industry. The event was hosted by Rachel K and Nana Akua and produced by South Africas's David Tlale.Nominations for the 2017 ASFAs started on 7 September until 6 October. Nominees were unveiled in a video presented by Abryanz Collection and ASFAs CEO Brian Ahumuza, TV presenter Bettinah Tianah and model scout Joram Muzira.
Acts
Musicians Mafikizolo, Eddy Kenzo, Desire Luzinda, Fik Fameica, Gravity Omutujju, Latinum and Sheebah performed at the event. Mafikizolo performed their hit songs including Wepuuti, Koona and closed their performance with their new release Love Potion which won Most Stylish Video of The Year award on the same night. The highlight of the event was the Lifetime/Style Fashion Icon Achievement Award which was presented to Nigerian tailor and fashion designer Mai Atafo.
Nominees and winners
Winners are highlighted and bolded.
See also
Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards (ASFAs)
== References == | location | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"Kampala"
]
} |
The Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2017 was held on 8 December 2017 at the Kampala Serena Hotel themed the Fashion Takeover, celebrating the business and entrepreneurial potential of the fashion industry in Africa. The awards were presented by the ‘’’Abryanz franchise’’’ with an aim of honoring and celebrate excellence of Africa’s growing fashion industry. The event was hosted by Rachel K and Nana Akua and produced by South Africas's David Tlale.Nominations for the 2017 ASFAs started on 7 September until 6 October. Nominees were unveiled in a video presented by Abryanz Collection and ASFAs CEO Brian Ahumuza, TV presenter Bettinah Tianah and model scout Joram Muzira.
Acts
Musicians Mafikizolo, Eddy Kenzo, Desire Luzinda, Fik Fameica, Gravity Omutujju, Latinum and Sheebah performed at the event. Mafikizolo performed their hit songs including Wepuuti, Koona and closed their performance with their new release Love Potion which won Most Stylish Video of The Year award on the same night. The highlight of the event was the Lifetime/Style Fashion Icon Achievement Award which was presented to Nigerian tailor and fashion designer Mai Atafo.
Nominees and winners
Winners are highlighted and bolded.
See also
Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards (ASFAs)
== References == | conferred by | {
"answer_start": [
603
],
"text": [
"Brian Ahumuza"
]
} |
The Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2017 was held on 8 December 2017 at the Kampala Serena Hotel themed the Fashion Takeover, celebrating the business and entrepreneurial potential of the fashion industry in Africa. The awards were presented by the ‘’’Abryanz franchise’’’ with an aim of honoring and celebrate excellence of Africa’s growing fashion industry. The event was hosted by Rachel K and Nana Akua and produced by South Africas's David Tlale.Nominations for the 2017 ASFAs started on 7 September until 6 October. Nominees were unveiled in a video presented by Abryanz Collection and ASFAs CEO Brian Ahumuza, TV presenter Bettinah Tianah and model scout Joram Muzira.
Acts
Musicians Mafikizolo, Eddy Kenzo, Desire Luzinda, Fik Fameica, Gravity Omutujju, Latinum and Sheebah performed at the event. Mafikizolo performed their hit songs including Wepuuti, Koona and closed their performance with their new release Love Potion which won Most Stylish Video of The Year award on the same night. The highlight of the event was the Lifetime/Style Fashion Icon Achievement Award which was presented to Nigerian tailor and fashion designer Mai Atafo.
Nominees and winners
Winners are highlighted and bolded.
See also
Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards (ASFAs)
== References == | facet of | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards"
]
} |
Before You Die is a Hindi romantic drama film directed by Suvendu Raj Ghosh and produced by Pradip Chopra. The film starring Puneet Raj Sharma, Kavya Kashyap, Zarina Wahab, Mukesh Rishi, Pradip Chopra, Mushtaq Khan, Arha Mahajan, Badshah Moitra, Rita Dutta and Lovekansh Garg, is a journey of a girl fighting cancer and her family. It is also a beautiful love story depicting courage and strength. The film is scheduled to be released on 18 February 2022.
Cast
Puneet Raj Sharma
Kavya Kashyap
Zarina Wahab
Mukesh Rishi
Pradip Chopra
Mushtaq Khan
Box office
As of 28 February 2022, the film grossed 0.15 crore in India.
References
External links
Before You Die at IMDb
Before You Die at Bollywood Hungama | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"film"
]
} |
Andrew Maxwell (born 3 December 1974) is an Irish comedian and narrator, known for narrating the MTV reality series Ex on the Beach.
Career
In 1992, Maxwell tried stand-up comedy for the first time at the Comedy Cellar at The International Bar in Dublin, and from 1995, he made regular appearances on BBC Two's Sunday Show. Other credits for Maxwell include RI:SE as the United States correspondent, a regular guest slot on a weekly topical comedy-style chat show The Panel which ran on Irish channel RTÉ One from 2003 until 2011, and regular appearances on British TV shows Never Mind the Buzzcocks and Mock the Week. He appeared on the Secret Policeman's Ball in 2006, while a Funny Cuts special for E4, called Andrew Maxwell – My Name Up In Lights aired that same year. In 2014, Maxwell appeared in Comedy Central's Drunk History and was the narrator of Ex on the Beach, an MTV reality television series. Maxwell has narrated every series since the series launched. In October 2018, Maxwell appeared in the Irish episode of the History series Al Murray: Why Does Everyone Hate The English alongside host Al Murray. Maxwell was voted the "King of Comedy" on the Channel 4 reality TV show of the same name. In 2007 he was nominated for the if.comedy award for the best show at the Edinburgh Fringe.
Maxwell also hosts his own weekly late-night comedy gig Fullmooners, which mainly takes place in London but also tours around comedy festivals such as Edinburgh. It has featured comics like Russell Brand, Simon Pegg, Tommy Tiernan and Ed Byrne. It also always features break-dancers, singers and Tim FitzHigham. Maxwell has also presented a BBC Radio 4 series called Welcome to Wherever You Are, featuring comics from all over the world. In November 2019, it was announced that Maxwell would be participating in the nineteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, which he finished in eleventh place. He appeared on BBC Radio 4's The Museum of Curiosity in October 2019. His hypothetical donation to this imaginary museum was "A scale model old gipsy caravan".
Personal life
Maxwell has been married to his Egyptian wife Suraya since 2015; the couple have three children as of 2019.
References
External links
Official website
Andrew Maxwell at IMDb
Andrew Maxwell at British Comedy Guide | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
248
],
"text": [
"Dublin"
]
} |
Andrew Maxwell (born 3 December 1974) is an Irish comedian and narrator, known for narrating the MTV reality series Ex on the Beach.
Career
In 1992, Maxwell tried stand-up comedy for the first time at the Comedy Cellar at The International Bar in Dublin, and from 1995, he made regular appearances on BBC Two's Sunday Show. Other credits for Maxwell include RI:SE as the United States correspondent, a regular guest slot on a weekly topical comedy-style chat show The Panel which ran on Irish channel RTÉ One from 2003 until 2011, and regular appearances on British TV shows Never Mind the Buzzcocks and Mock the Week. He appeared on the Secret Policeman's Ball in 2006, while a Funny Cuts special for E4, called Andrew Maxwell – My Name Up In Lights aired that same year. In 2014, Maxwell appeared in Comedy Central's Drunk History and was the narrator of Ex on the Beach, an MTV reality television series. Maxwell has narrated every series since the series launched. In October 2018, Maxwell appeared in the Irish episode of the History series Al Murray: Why Does Everyone Hate The English alongside host Al Murray. Maxwell was voted the "King of Comedy" on the Channel 4 reality TV show of the same name. In 2007 he was nominated for the if.comedy award for the best show at the Edinburgh Fringe.
Maxwell also hosts his own weekly late-night comedy gig Fullmooners, which mainly takes place in London but also tours around comedy festivals such as Edinburgh. It has featured comics like Russell Brand, Simon Pegg, Tommy Tiernan and Ed Byrne. It also always features break-dancers, singers and Tim FitzHigham. Maxwell has also presented a BBC Radio 4 series called Welcome to Wherever You Are, featuring comics from all over the world. In November 2019, it was announced that Maxwell would be participating in the nineteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, which he finished in eleventh place. He appeared on BBC Radio 4's The Museum of Curiosity in October 2019. His hypothetical donation to this imaginary museum was "A scale model old gipsy caravan".
Personal life
Maxwell has been married to his Egyptian wife Suraya since 2015; the couple have three children as of 2019.
References
External links
Official website
Andrew Maxwell at IMDb
Andrew Maxwell at British Comedy Guide | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"comedian"
]
} |
Andrew Maxwell (born 3 December 1974) is an Irish comedian and narrator, known for narrating the MTV reality series Ex on the Beach.
Career
In 1992, Maxwell tried stand-up comedy for the first time at the Comedy Cellar at The International Bar in Dublin, and from 1995, he made regular appearances on BBC Two's Sunday Show. Other credits for Maxwell include RI:SE as the United States correspondent, a regular guest slot on a weekly topical comedy-style chat show The Panel which ran on Irish channel RTÉ One from 2003 until 2011, and regular appearances on British TV shows Never Mind the Buzzcocks and Mock the Week. He appeared on the Secret Policeman's Ball in 2006, while a Funny Cuts special for E4, called Andrew Maxwell – My Name Up In Lights aired that same year. In 2014, Maxwell appeared in Comedy Central's Drunk History and was the narrator of Ex on the Beach, an MTV reality television series. Maxwell has narrated every series since the series launched. In October 2018, Maxwell appeared in the Irish episode of the History series Al Murray: Why Does Everyone Hate The English alongside host Al Murray. Maxwell was voted the "King of Comedy" on the Channel 4 reality TV show of the same name. In 2007 he was nominated for the if.comedy award for the best show at the Edinburgh Fringe.
Maxwell also hosts his own weekly late-night comedy gig Fullmooners, which mainly takes place in London but also tours around comedy festivals such as Edinburgh. It has featured comics like Russell Brand, Simon Pegg, Tommy Tiernan and Ed Byrne. It also always features break-dancers, singers and Tim FitzHigham. Maxwell has also presented a BBC Radio 4 series called Welcome to Wherever You Are, featuring comics from all over the world. In November 2019, it was announced that Maxwell would be participating in the nineteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, which he finished in eleventh place. He appeared on BBC Radio 4's The Museum of Curiosity in October 2019. His hypothetical donation to this imaginary museum was "A scale model old gipsy caravan".
Personal life
Maxwell has been married to his Egyptian wife Suraya since 2015; the couple have three children as of 2019.
References
External links
Official website
Andrew Maxwell at IMDb
Andrew Maxwell at British Comedy Guide | residence | {
"answer_start": [
1398
],
"text": [
"London"
]
} |
Andrew Maxwell (born 3 December 1974) is an Irish comedian and narrator, known for narrating the MTV reality series Ex on the Beach.
Career
In 1992, Maxwell tried stand-up comedy for the first time at the Comedy Cellar at The International Bar in Dublin, and from 1995, he made regular appearances on BBC Two's Sunday Show. Other credits for Maxwell include RI:SE as the United States correspondent, a regular guest slot on a weekly topical comedy-style chat show The Panel which ran on Irish channel RTÉ One from 2003 until 2011, and regular appearances on British TV shows Never Mind the Buzzcocks and Mock the Week. He appeared on the Secret Policeman's Ball in 2006, while a Funny Cuts special for E4, called Andrew Maxwell – My Name Up In Lights aired that same year. In 2014, Maxwell appeared in Comedy Central's Drunk History and was the narrator of Ex on the Beach, an MTV reality television series. Maxwell has narrated every series since the series launched. In October 2018, Maxwell appeared in the Irish episode of the History series Al Murray: Why Does Everyone Hate The English alongside host Al Murray. Maxwell was voted the "King of Comedy" on the Channel 4 reality TV show of the same name. In 2007 he was nominated for the if.comedy award for the best show at the Edinburgh Fringe.
Maxwell also hosts his own weekly late-night comedy gig Fullmooners, which mainly takes place in London but also tours around comedy festivals such as Edinburgh. It has featured comics like Russell Brand, Simon Pegg, Tommy Tiernan and Ed Byrne. It also always features break-dancers, singers and Tim FitzHigham. Maxwell has also presented a BBC Radio 4 series called Welcome to Wherever You Are, featuring comics from all over the world. In November 2019, it was announced that Maxwell would be participating in the nineteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, which he finished in eleventh place. He appeared on BBC Radio 4's The Museum of Curiosity in October 2019. His hypothetical donation to this imaginary museum was "A scale model old gipsy caravan".
Personal life
Maxwell has been married to his Egyptian wife Suraya since 2015; the couple have three children as of 2019.
References
External links
Official website
Andrew Maxwell at IMDb
Andrew Maxwell at British Comedy Guide | family name | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"Maxwell"
]
} |
Andrew Maxwell (born 3 December 1974) is an Irish comedian and narrator, known for narrating the MTV reality series Ex on the Beach.
Career
In 1992, Maxwell tried stand-up comedy for the first time at the Comedy Cellar at The International Bar in Dublin, and from 1995, he made regular appearances on BBC Two's Sunday Show. Other credits for Maxwell include RI:SE as the United States correspondent, a regular guest slot on a weekly topical comedy-style chat show The Panel which ran on Irish channel RTÉ One from 2003 until 2011, and regular appearances on British TV shows Never Mind the Buzzcocks and Mock the Week. He appeared on the Secret Policeman's Ball in 2006, while a Funny Cuts special for E4, called Andrew Maxwell – My Name Up In Lights aired that same year. In 2014, Maxwell appeared in Comedy Central's Drunk History and was the narrator of Ex on the Beach, an MTV reality television series. Maxwell has narrated every series since the series launched. In October 2018, Maxwell appeared in the Irish episode of the History series Al Murray: Why Does Everyone Hate The English alongside host Al Murray. Maxwell was voted the "King of Comedy" on the Channel 4 reality TV show of the same name. In 2007 he was nominated for the if.comedy award for the best show at the Edinburgh Fringe.
Maxwell also hosts his own weekly late-night comedy gig Fullmooners, which mainly takes place in London but also tours around comedy festivals such as Edinburgh. It has featured comics like Russell Brand, Simon Pegg, Tommy Tiernan and Ed Byrne. It also always features break-dancers, singers and Tim FitzHigham. Maxwell has also presented a BBC Radio 4 series called Welcome to Wherever You Are, featuring comics from all over the world. In November 2019, it was announced that Maxwell would be participating in the nineteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, which he finished in eleventh place. He appeared on BBC Radio 4's The Museum of Curiosity in October 2019. His hypothetical donation to this imaginary museum was "A scale model old gipsy caravan".
Personal life
Maxwell has been married to his Egyptian wife Suraya since 2015; the couple have three children as of 2019.
References
External links
Official website
Andrew Maxwell at IMDb
Andrew Maxwell at British Comedy Guide | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Andrew"
]
} |
Michael Arthur Overs (June 24, 1939 – March 31, 2010) was a Canadian businessman who was the founder and CEO of Pizza Pizza, a successful franchise of pizza restaurants.Overs was born in Toronto in 1939 to Arthur and Edna Overs and grew up in The Beach area and began his business career after dropping out of school at age 17.Overs began Pizza Pizza from a single store at Parliament and Wellesley on December 31, 1967 and with the unique phone number created a pizza empire.
Pizza Pizza expanded in Toronto from the 1970s to 1980s to other parts in Ontario and then Quebec, he acquired Alberta based Pizza 73 in 2006. He remained CEO until his death at age 70 in Toronto and was succeeded by son-in-law Paul Goddard.
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
187
],
"text": [
"Toronto"
]
} |
Michael Arthur Overs (June 24, 1939 – March 31, 2010) was a Canadian businessman who was the founder and CEO of Pizza Pizza, a successful franchise of pizza restaurants.Overs was born in Toronto in 1939 to Arthur and Edna Overs and grew up in The Beach area and began his business career after dropping out of school at age 17.Overs began Pizza Pizza from a single store at Parliament and Wellesley on December 31, 1967 and with the unique phone number created a pizza empire.
Pizza Pizza expanded in Toronto from the 1970s to 1980s to other parts in Ontario and then Quebec, he acquired Alberta based Pizza 73 in 2006. He remained CEO until his death at age 70 in Toronto and was succeeded by son-in-law Paul Goddard.
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"Overs"
]
} |
Michael Arthur Overs (June 24, 1939 – March 31, 2010) was a Canadian businessman who was the founder and CEO of Pizza Pizza, a successful franchise of pizza restaurants.Overs was born in Toronto in 1939 to Arthur and Edna Overs and grew up in The Beach area and began his business career after dropping out of school at age 17.Overs began Pizza Pizza from a single store at Parliament and Wellesley on December 31, 1967 and with the unique phone number created a pizza empire.
Pizza Pizza expanded in Toronto from the 1970s to 1980s to other parts in Ontario and then Quebec, he acquired Alberta based Pizza 73 in 2006. He remained CEO until his death at age 70 in Toronto and was succeeded by son-in-law Paul Goddard.
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Michael"
]
} |
Michael Arthur Overs (June 24, 1939 – March 31, 2010) was a Canadian businessman who was the founder and CEO of Pizza Pizza, a successful franchise of pizza restaurants.Overs was born in Toronto in 1939 to Arthur and Edna Overs and grew up in The Beach area and began his business career after dropping out of school at age 17.Overs began Pizza Pizza from a single store at Parliament and Wellesley on December 31, 1967 and with the unique phone number created a pizza empire.
Pizza Pizza expanded in Toronto from the 1970s to 1980s to other parts in Ontario and then Quebec, he acquired Alberta based Pizza 73 in 2006. He remained CEO until his death at age 70 in Toronto and was succeeded by son-in-law Paul Goddard.
== References == | number of children | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"2"
]
} |
Wilhelmine Kähler (née Mohs or Moss, 3 April 1864 – 22 February 1941) was a German labour and women's rights activist, and politician.
Activism and politics
From 1890, Kähler was part of the labour movement. She co-founded and led the Verband der Fabrik- und Handarbeiterinnen, making her the only woman to lead a trade union in Germany during the 1890s. She sat on the General Commission of German Trade Unions. Her union became part of the Union of Domestic Workers of Germany, and she was acting president of that union in 1913.Around 1900 Kähler lived in Dresden, where she primarily worked on improving the situation of working women.Kähler wrote for the social democratic women's magazine Die Gleichheit and the Düsseldorf newspaper Volkszeitung starting in 1906. She was an editor of Für unsere Frauen, a women's movement correspondence, the yearbook Der Frauenhausschatz.From 1919 until 1923 Kähler worked as a civil servant for the Reich Ministry of Economy. In 1919 she also became a member of the Weimar National Assembly, which drafted the Weimar Constitution. She was subsequently a member of the Reichstag until 1921, and then a member of the Landtag of Prussia until 1924. Kähler represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD/MSPD).After 1926 she led a local Arbeiterwohlfahrt organisation in her home town of Kellinghusen until 1931.
Personal life
Kähler was born in 1864 in Kellinghusen, where she also went to school. She was a seamstress and a housekeeper. In 1882 she married her first husband who was a cigar factory worker.Kähler later remarried in 1924 and moved to Bonn with her husband in 1931, retiring from political activism. She died in Bonn in 1941.
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
1337
],
"text": [
"Kellinghusen"
]
} |
Wilhelmine Kähler (née Mohs or Moss, 3 April 1864 – 22 February 1941) was a German labour and women's rights activist, and politician.
Activism and politics
From 1890, Kähler was part of the labour movement. She co-founded and led the Verband der Fabrik- und Handarbeiterinnen, making her the only woman to lead a trade union in Germany during the 1890s. She sat on the General Commission of German Trade Unions. Her union became part of the Union of Domestic Workers of Germany, and she was acting president of that union in 1913.Around 1900 Kähler lived in Dresden, where she primarily worked on improving the situation of working women.Kähler wrote for the social democratic women's magazine Die Gleichheit and the Düsseldorf newspaper Volkszeitung starting in 1906. She was an editor of Für unsere Frauen, a women's movement correspondence, the yearbook Der Frauenhausschatz.From 1919 until 1923 Kähler worked as a civil servant for the Reich Ministry of Economy. In 1919 she also became a member of the Weimar National Assembly, which drafted the Weimar Constitution. She was subsequently a member of the Reichstag until 1921, and then a member of the Landtag of Prussia until 1924. Kähler represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD/MSPD).After 1926 she led a local Arbeiterwohlfahrt organisation in her home town of Kellinghusen until 1931.
Personal life
Kähler was born in 1864 in Kellinghusen, where she also went to school. She was a seamstress and a housekeeper. In 1882 she married her first husband who was a cigar factory worker.Kähler later remarried in 1924 and moved to Bonn with her husband in 1931, retiring from political activism. She died in Bonn in 1941.
== References == | place of death | {
"answer_start": [
1602
],
"text": [
"Bonn"
]
} |
Wilhelmine Kähler (née Mohs or Moss, 3 April 1864 – 22 February 1941) was a German labour and women's rights activist, and politician.
Activism and politics
From 1890, Kähler was part of the labour movement. She co-founded and led the Verband der Fabrik- und Handarbeiterinnen, making her the only woman to lead a trade union in Germany during the 1890s. She sat on the General Commission of German Trade Unions. Her union became part of the Union of Domestic Workers of Germany, and she was acting president of that union in 1913.Around 1900 Kähler lived in Dresden, where she primarily worked on improving the situation of working women.Kähler wrote for the social democratic women's magazine Die Gleichheit and the Düsseldorf newspaper Volkszeitung starting in 1906. She was an editor of Für unsere Frauen, a women's movement correspondence, the yearbook Der Frauenhausschatz.From 1919 until 1923 Kähler worked as a civil servant for the Reich Ministry of Economy. In 1919 she also became a member of the Weimar National Assembly, which drafted the Weimar Constitution. She was subsequently a member of the Reichstag until 1921, and then a member of the Landtag of Prussia until 1924. Kähler represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD/MSPD).After 1926 she led a local Arbeiterwohlfahrt organisation in her home town of Kellinghusen until 1931.
Personal life
Kähler was born in 1864 in Kellinghusen, where she also went to school. She was a seamstress and a housekeeper. In 1882 she married her first husband who was a cigar factory worker.Kähler later remarried in 1924 and moved to Bonn with her husband in 1931, retiring from political activism. She died in Bonn in 1941.
== References == | member of political party | {
"answer_start": [
1213
],
"text": [
"Social Democratic Party of Germany"
]
} |
Wilhelmine Kähler (née Mohs or Moss, 3 April 1864 – 22 February 1941) was a German labour and women's rights activist, and politician.
Activism and politics
From 1890, Kähler was part of the labour movement. She co-founded and led the Verband der Fabrik- und Handarbeiterinnen, making her the only woman to lead a trade union in Germany during the 1890s. She sat on the General Commission of German Trade Unions. Her union became part of the Union of Domestic Workers of Germany, and she was acting president of that union in 1913.Around 1900 Kähler lived in Dresden, where she primarily worked on improving the situation of working women.Kähler wrote for the social democratic women's magazine Die Gleichheit and the Düsseldorf newspaper Volkszeitung starting in 1906. She was an editor of Für unsere Frauen, a women's movement correspondence, the yearbook Der Frauenhausschatz.From 1919 until 1923 Kähler worked as a civil servant for the Reich Ministry of Economy. In 1919 she also became a member of the Weimar National Assembly, which drafted the Weimar Constitution. She was subsequently a member of the Reichstag until 1921, and then a member of the Landtag of Prussia until 1924. Kähler represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD/MSPD).After 1926 she led a local Arbeiterwohlfahrt organisation in her home town of Kellinghusen until 1931.
Personal life
Kähler was born in 1864 in Kellinghusen, where she also went to school. She was a seamstress and a housekeeper. In 1882 she married her first husband who was a cigar factory worker.Kähler later remarried in 1924 and moved to Bonn with her husband in 1931, retiring from political activism. She died in Bonn in 1941.
== References == | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"politician"
]
} |
Wilhelmine Kähler (née Mohs or Moss, 3 April 1864 – 22 February 1941) was a German labour and women's rights activist, and politician.
Activism and politics
From 1890, Kähler was part of the labour movement. She co-founded and led the Verband der Fabrik- und Handarbeiterinnen, making her the only woman to lead a trade union in Germany during the 1890s. She sat on the General Commission of German Trade Unions. Her union became part of the Union of Domestic Workers of Germany, and she was acting president of that union in 1913.Around 1900 Kähler lived in Dresden, where she primarily worked on improving the situation of working women.Kähler wrote for the social democratic women's magazine Die Gleichheit and the Düsseldorf newspaper Volkszeitung starting in 1906. She was an editor of Für unsere Frauen, a women's movement correspondence, the yearbook Der Frauenhausschatz.From 1919 until 1923 Kähler worked as a civil servant for the Reich Ministry of Economy. In 1919 she also became a member of the Weimar National Assembly, which drafted the Weimar Constitution. She was subsequently a member of the Reichstag until 1921, and then a member of the Landtag of Prussia until 1924. Kähler represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD/MSPD).After 1926 she led a local Arbeiterwohlfahrt organisation in her home town of Kellinghusen until 1931.
Personal life
Kähler was born in 1864 in Kellinghusen, where she also went to school. She was a seamstress and a housekeeper. In 1882 she married her first husband who was a cigar factory worker.Kähler later remarried in 1924 and moved to Bonn with her husband in 1931, retiring from political activism. She died in Bonn in 1941.
== References == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wilhelmine Kähler"
]
} |
Wilhelmine Kähler (née Mohs or Moss, 3 April 1864 – 22 February 1941) was a German labour and women's rights activist, and politician.
Activism and politics
From 1890, Kähler was part of the labour movement. She co-founded and led the Verband der Fabrik- und Handarbeiterinnen, making her the only woman to lead a trade union in Germany during the 1890s. She sat on the General Commission of German Trade Unions. Her union became part of the Union of Domestic Workers of Germany, and she was acting president of that union in 1913.Around 1900 Kähler lived in Dresden, where she primarily worked on improving the situation of working women.Kähler wrote for the social democratic women's magazine Die Gleichheit and the Düsseldorf newspaper Volkszeitung starting in 1906. She was an editor of Für unsere Frauen, a women's movement correspondence, the yearbook Der Frauenhausschatz.From 1919 until 1923 Kähler worked as a civil servant for the Reich Ministry of Economy. In 1919 she also became a member of the Weimar National Assembly, which drafted the Weimar Constitution. She was subsequently a member of the Reichstag until 1921, and then a member of the Landtag of Prussia until 1924. Kähler represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD/MSPD).After 1926 she led a local Arbeiterwohlfahrt organisation in her home town of Kellinghusen until 1931.
Personal life
Kähler was born in 1864 in Kellinghusen, where she also went to school. She was a seamstress and a housekeeper. In 1882 she married her first husband who was a cigar factory worker.Kähler later remarried in 1924 and moved to Bonn with her husband in 1931, retiring from political activism. She died in Bonn in 1941.
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"Kähler"
]
} |
Wilhelmine Kähler (née Mohs or Moss, 3 April 1864 – 22 February 1941) was a German labour and women's rights activist, and politician.
Activism and politics
From 1890, Kähler was part of the labour movement. She co-founded and led the Verband der Fabrik- und Handarbeiterinnen, making her the only woman to lead a trade union in Germany during the 1890s. She sat on the General Commission of German Trade Unions. Her union became part of the Union of Domestic Workers of Germany, and she was acting president of that union in 1913.Around 1900 Kähler lived in Dresden, where she primarily worked on improving the situation of working women.Kähler wrote for the social democratic women's magazine Die Gleichheit and the Düsseldorf newspaper Volkszeitung starting in 1906. She was an editor of Für unsere Frauen, a women's movement correspondence, the yearbook Der Frauenhausschatz.From 1919 until 1923 Kähler worked as a civil servant for the Reich Ministry of Economy. In 1919 she also became a member of the Weimar National Assembly, which drafted the Weimar Constitution. She was subsequently a member of the Reichstag until 1921, and then a member of the Landtag of Prussia until 1924. Kähler represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD/MSPD).After 1926 she led a local Arbeiterwohlfahrt organisation in her home town of Kellinghusen until 1931.
Personal life
Kähler was born in 1864 in Kellinghusen, where she also went to school. She was a seamstress and a housekeeper. In 1882 she married her first husband who was a cigar factory worker.Kähler later remarried in 1924 and moved to Bonn with her husband in 1931, retiring from political activism. She died in Bonn in 1941.
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wilhelmine"
]
} |
Wilhelmine Kähler (née Mohs or Moss, 3 April 1864 – 22 February 1941) was a German labour and women's rights activist, and politician.
Activism and politics
From 1890, Kähler was part of the labour movement. She co-founded and led the Verband der Fabrik- und Handarbeiterinnen, making her the only woman to lead a trade union in Germany during the 1890s. She sat on the General Commission of German Trade Unions. Her union became part of the Union of Domestic Workers of Germany, and she was acting president of that union in 1913.Around 1900 Kähler lived in Dresden, where she primarily worked on improving the situation of working women.Kähler wrote for the social democratic women's magazine Die Gleichheit and the Düsseldorf newspaper Volkszeitung starting in 1906. She was an editor of Für unsere Frauen, a women's movement correspondence, the yearbook Der Frauenhausschatz.From 1919 until 1923 Kähler worked as a civil servant for the Reich Ministry of Economy. In 1919 she also became a member of the Weimar National Assembly, which drafted the Weimar Constitution. She was subsequently a member of the Reichstag until 1921, and then a member of the Landtag of Prussia until 1924. Kähler represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD/MSPD).After 1926 she led a local Arbeiterwohlfahrt organisation in her home town of Kellinghusen until 1931.
Personal life
Kähler was born in 1864 in Kellinghusen, where she also went to school. She was a seamstress and a housekeeper. In 1882 she married her first husband who was a cigar factory worker.Kähler later remarried in 1924 and moved to Bonn with her husband in 1931, retiring from political activism. She died in Bonn in 1941.
== References == | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"German"
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.