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Volkspark Rehberge is a public park in Wedding, a locality of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. The park was created and constructed from 1922–1929. The park covers approximately 78 hectares (190 acres). Together with Goethepark, which is located immediately south-east of the park, the total park landscape is approximately 115 hectares (280 acres). To the south-west is the Plötzensee and its surrounding park. The park borders on the Afrikanisches Viertel. In addition to large meadows and pedestrian and bicycle paths, the park also offers animal enclosures, playgrounds, a toboggan run with a 20 metres (66 ft) height difference, sports fields, concessions, and an open-air theatre.
Since 1953, portions of the parks have been designated as a protected nature area. The landscape of the park dates back to the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 20,000 years ago), containing inland dunes and a post-glacial iceway, which is now a chain of three long, narrow lakes. The park also contains several larger sporting areas. Stadion Rehberge is the home stadium for BSC Rehberge 1945, a Berlin sports club. The park also lends its name to the nearby subway station Rehberge.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
77
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"text": [
"Germany"
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|
Volkspark Rehberge is a public park in Wedding, a locality of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. The park was created and constructed from 1922–1929. The park covers approximately 78 hectares (190 acres). Together with Goethepark, which is located immediately south-east of the park, the total park landscape is approximately 115 hectares (280 acres). To the south-west is the Plötzensee and its surrounding park. The park borders on the Afrikanisches Viertel. In addition to large meadows and pedestrian and bicycle paths, the park also offers animal enclosures, playgrounds, a toboggan run with a 20 metres (66 ft) height difference, sports fields, concessions, and an open-air theatre.
Since 1953, portions of the parks have been designated as a protected nature area. The landscape of the park dates back to the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 20,000 years ago), containing inland dunes and a post-glacial iceway, which is now a chain of three long, narrow lakes. The park also contains several larger sporting areas. Stadion Rehberge is the home stadium for BSC Rehberge 1945, a Berlin sports club. The park also lends its name to the nearby subway station Rehberge.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
5
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"text": [
"park"
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|
Volkspark Rehberge is a public park in Wedding, a locality of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. The park was created and constructed from 1922–1929. The park covers approximately 78 hectares (190 acres). Together with Goethepark, which is located immediately south-east of the park, the total park landscape is approximately 115 hectares (280 acres). To the south-west is the Plötzensee and its surrounding park. The park borders on the Afrikanisches Viertel. In addition to large meadows and pedestrian and bicycle paths, the park also offers animal enclosures, playgrounds, a toboggan run with a 20 metres (66 ft) height difference, sports fields, concessions, and an open-air theatre.
Since 1953, portions of the parks have been designated as a protected nature area. The landscape of the park dates back to the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 20,000 years ago), containing inland dunes and a post-glacial iceway, which is now a chain of three long, narrow lakes. The park also contains several larger sporting areas. Stadion Rehberge is the home stadium for BSC Rehberge 1945, a Berlin sports club. The park also lends its name to the nearby subway station Rehberge.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"Berlin"
]
}
|
Volkspark Rehberge is a public park in Wedding, a locality of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. The park was created and constructed from 1922–1929. The park covers approximately 78 hectares (190 acres). Together with Goethepark, which is located immediately south-east of the park, the total park landscape is approximately 115 hectares (280 acres). To the south-west is the Plötzensee and its surrounding park. The park borders on the Afrikanisches Viertel. In addition to large meadows and pedestrian and bicycle paths, the park also offers animal enclosures, playgrounds, a toboggan run with a 20 metres (66 ft) height difference, sports fields, concessions, and an open-air theatre.
Since 1953, portions of the parks have been designated as a protected nature area. The landscape of the park dates back to the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 20,000 years ago), containing inland dunes and a post-glacial iceway, which is now a chain of three long, narrow lakes. The park also contains several larger sporting areas. Stadion Rehberge is the home stadium for BSC Rehberge 1945, a Berlin sports club. The park also lends its name to the nearby subway station Rehberge.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Volkspark Rehberge"
]
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|
Volkspark Rehberge is a public park in Wedding, a locality of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. The park was created and constructed from 1922–1929. The park covers approximately 78 hectares (190 acres). Together with Goethepark, which is located immediately south-east of the park, the total park landscape is approximately 115 hectares (280 acres). To the south-west is the Plötzensee and its surrounding park. The park borders on the Afrikanisches Viertel. In addition to large meadows and pedestrian and bicycle paths, the park also offers animal enclosures, playgrounds, a toboggan run with a 20 metres (66 ft) height difference, sports fields, concessions, and an open-air theatre.
Since 1953, portions of the parks have been designated as a protected nature area. The landscape of the park dates back to the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 20,000 years ago), containing inland dunes and a post-glacial iceway, which is now a chain of three long, narrow lakes. The park also contains several larger sporting areas. Stadion Rehberge is the home stadium for BSC Rehberge 1945, a Berlin sports club. The park also lends its name to the nearby subway station Rehberge.
== References ==
|
said to be the same as
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
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"Volkspark Rehberge"
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Volkspark Rehberge is a public park in Wedding, a locality of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. The park was created and constructed from 1922–1929. The park covers approximately 78 hectares (190 acres). Together with Goethepark, which is located immediately south-east of the park, the total park landscape is approximately 115 hectares (280 acres). To the south-west is the Plötzensee and its surrounding park. The park borders on the Afrikanisches Viertel. In addition to large meadows and pedestrian and bicycle paths, the park also offers animal enclosures, playgrounds, a toboggan run with a 20 metres (66 ft) height difference, sports fields, concessions, and an open-air theatre.
Since 1953, portions of the parks have been designated as a protected nature area. The landscape of the park dates back to the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 20,000 years ago), containing inland dunes and a post-glacial iceway, which is now a chain of three long, narrow lakes. The park also contains several larger sporting areas. Stadion Rehberge is the home stadium for BSC Rehberge 1945, a Berlin sports club. The park also lends its name to the nearby subway station Rehberge.
== References ==
|
applies to jurisdiction
|
{
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"Berlin"
]
}
|
Volkspark Rehberge is a public park in Wedding, a locality of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. The park was created and constructed from 1922–1929. The park covers approximately 78 hectares (190 acres). Together with Goethepark, which is located immediately south-east of the park, the total park landscape is approximately 115 hectares (280 acres). To the south-west is the Plötzensee and its surrounding park. The park borders on the Afrikanisches Viertel. In addition to large meadows and pedestrian and bicycle paths, the park also offers animal enclosures, playgrounds, a toboggan run with a 20 metres (66 ft) height difference, sports fields, concessions, and an open-air theatre.
Since 1953, portions of the parks have been designated as a protected nature area. The landscape of the park dates back to the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 20,000 years ago), containing inland dunes and a post-glacial iceway, which is now a chain of three long, narrow lakes. The park also contains several larger sporting areas. Stadion Rehberge is the home stadium for BSC Rehberge 1945, a Berlin sports club. The park also lends its name to the nearby subway station Rehberge.
== References ==
|
official name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Volkspark Rehberge"
]
}
|
Volkspark Rehberge is a public park in Wedding, a locality of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. The park was created and constructed from 1922–1929. The park covers approximately 78 hectares (190 acres). Together with Goethepark, which is located immediately south-east of the park, the total park landscape is approximately 115 hectares (280 acres). To the south-west is the Plötzensee and its surrounding park. The park borders on the Afrikanisches Viertel. In addition to large meadows and pedestrian and bicycle paths, the park also offers animal enclosures, playgrounds, a toboggan run with a 20 metres (66 ft) height difference, sports fields, concessions, and an open-air theatre.
Since 1953, portions of the parks have been designated as a protected nature area. The landscape of the park dates back to the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 20,000 years ago), containing inland dunes and a post-glacial iceway, which is now a chain of three long, narrow lakes. The park also contains several larger sporting areas. Stadion Rehberge is the home stadium for BSC Rehberge 1945, a Berlin sports club. The park also lends its name to the nearby subway station Rehberge.
== References ==
|
located in protected area
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Volkspark Rehberge"
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Nanditha K. S. was a poet from Kerala who wrote poems in Malayalam and English. Her poems were discovered in her diary after her death and published as a collection.
Biography
She was born on May 21, 1969, in Madakkimala, Wayanad district to Shreedharan Menon and Prabhavathy Menon. After her schooling in Government Ganpath Model Girls High School, Chalappuram, she completed her higher education from Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, Farook College, University of Calicut English Department
and Mother Teresa Women's University, Chennai.
After completing her B.A. and M.A. degrees, she worked as guest lecturer for English at the Wayanad Muttil Muslim Orphanage Arts and Science College. She applied to pursue a Ph.D. on the topic of “Personal Freedom – A Dilemma: An iconoclastic approach to the ideals of womanhood with reference to the novels of Gail Godwin.”Nanditha took her life on 17 January 1999. After her death, her parents discovered a diary of her poems which she had not shared with anyone. A collection of her poems written between 1985 through 1993 were published in a book form as Nandithayude Kavithakal, under the initiative of the Malayalam literary critic, M. M. Basheer. The first edition of the book was published in 2002 and eighth edition in 2018.
Death and love were common themes in her poems. Though most of her poems were in Malayalam she also wrote in English.
Her life was the subject of the film titled Nanditha released in 2017.
References
External links
Documentary on Nanditha in Malayalam
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
223
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"text": [
"Wayanad district"
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|
Nanditha K. S. was a poet from Kerala who wrote poems in Malayalam and English. Her poems were discovered in her diary after her death and published as a collection.
Biography
She was born on May 21, 1969, in Madakkimala, Wayanad district to Shreedharan Menon and Prabhavathy Menon. After her schooling in Government Ganpath Model Girls High School, Chalappuram, she completed her higher education from Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, Farook College, University of Calicut English Department
and Mother Teresa Women's University, Chennai.
After completing her B.A. and M.A. degrees, she worked as guest lecturer for English at the Wayanad Muttil Muslim Orphanage Arts and Science College. She applied to pursue a Ph.D. on the topic of “Personal Freedom – A Dilemma: An iconoclastic approach to the ideals of womanhood with reference to the novels of Gail Godwin.”Nanditha took her life on 17 January 1999. After her death, her parents discovered a diary of her poems which she had not shared with anyone. A collection of her poems written between 1985 through 1993 were published in a book form as Nandithayude Kavithakal, under the initiative of the Malayalam literary critic, M. M. Basheer. The first edition of the book was published in 2002 and eighth edition in 2018.
Death and love were common themes in her poems. Though most of her poems were in Malayalam she also wrote in English.
Her life was the subject of the film titled Nanditha released in 2017.
References
External links
Documentary on Nanditha in Malayalam
|
educated at
|
{
"answer_start": [
455
],
"text": [
"University of Calicut"
]
}
|
Nanditha K. S. was a poet from Kerala who wrote poems in Malayalam and English. Her poems were discovered in her diary after her death and published as a collection.
Biography
She was born on May 21, 1969, in Madakkimala, Wayanad district to Shreedharan Menon and Prabhavathy Menon. After her schooling in Government Ganpath Model Girls High School, Chalappuram, she completed her higher education from Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, Farook College, University of Calicut English Department
and Mother Teresa Women's University, Chennai.
After completing her B.A. and M.A. degrees, she worked as guest lecturer for English at the Wayanad Muttil Muslim Orphanage Arts and Science College. She applied to pursue a Ph.D. on the topic of “Personal Freedom – A Dilemma: An iconoclastic approach to the ideals of womanhood with reference to the novels of Gail Godwin.”Nanditha took her life on 17 January 1999. After her death, her parents discovered a diary of her poems which she had not shared with anyone. A collection of her poems written between 1985 through 1993 were published in a book form as Nandithayude Kavithakal, under the initiative of the Malayalam literary critic, M. M. Basheer. The first edition of the book was published in 2002 and eighth edition in 2018.
Death and love were common themes in her poems. Though most of her poems were in Malayalam she also wrote in English.
Her life was the subject of the film titled Nanditha released in 2017.
References
External links
Documentary on Nanditha in Malayalam
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
21
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"text": [
"poet"
]
}
|
Maharaj Kumar Dr. Basant Narain Singh (b. at Padma Lakshmi Nivas Palace, Hazaribagh District, April 9, 1918) was an Indian politician and a member of the 7th Lok Sabha representing Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency) of Bihar State.
Education and career
Singh was educated at Rajkumar College, Raipur and at Mayo College, Ajmer.
He was also elected as a member of the 3rd, 4th, and 6th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament. He was a member of the Bihar State Legislative Assembly during 1952-62 and 1967–74 and Cabinet Minister in Bihar from 1967-72 holding various portfolios such as forest, excise, jail, revenue, public works, and irrigation. He was the general secretary of the Janta Party which was formed by Maharaja of Ramgarh Raj.
Personal life and family
He belonged to the royal family of Ramgarh Raj. He married Kuwarani Vijaya Raje, the daughter of H.R.H. Maharaja Sir Udaji Rao II Parmar (Honorary A.D.C. to King of England) of Dhar State. They had two children, Maharaj Kumar Mayurdhwaja Narain Singh Gaji Sarkar Sahib and Kuwarani Bhawna Raje. Their residence was at Raja Kothi in Hazaribagh.
He was the younger brother of Maharaja Kamakhya Narain Singh Bahadur of Ramgarh Raj, son of the late Raja Lakshmi Narain Singh Bahadur and maternal great-grandson of Maharaja Raja Arjun Singh (freedom fighter) of Porahat Raj (Kolhan Estate).
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"India"
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}
|
Maharaj Kumar Dr. Basant Narain Singh (b. at Padma Lakshmi Nivas Palace, Hazaribagh District, April 9, 1918) was an Indian politician and a member of the 7th Lok Sabha representing Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency) of Bihar State.
Education and career
Singh was educated at Rajkumar College, Raipur and at Mayo College, Ajmer.
He was also elected as a member of the 3rd, 4th, and 6th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament. He was a member of the Bihar State Legislative Assembly during 1952-62 and 1967–74 and Cabinet Minister in Bihar from 1967-72 holding various portfolios such as forest, excise, jail, revenue, public works, and irrigation. He was the general secretary of the Janta Party which was formed by Maharaja of Ramgarh Raj.
Personal life and family
He belonged to the royal family of Ramgarh Raj. He married Kuwarani Vijaya Raje, the daughter of H.R.H. Maharaja Sir Udaji Rao II Parmar (Honorary A.D.C. to King of England) of Dhar State. They had two children, Maharaj Kumar Mayurdhwaja Narain Singh Gaji Sarkar Sahib and Kuwarani Bhawna Raje. Their residence was at Raja Kothi in Hazaribagh.
He was the younger brother of Maharaja Kamakhya Narain Singh Bahadur of Ramgarh Raj, son of the late Raja Lakshmi Narain Singh Bahadur and maternal great-grandson of Maharaja Raja Arjun Singh (freedom fighter) of Porahat Raj (Kolhan Estate).
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"politician"
]
}
|
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting is a 2003 American direct-to-DVD road thriller film directed by Louis Morneau and starring C. Thomas Howell, returning as Jim Halsey, Kari Wuhrer as his girlfriend Maggie, and Jake Busey as psychotic hitchhiker Jack. It is the sequel to the 1986 film The Hitcher. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on July 15, 2003.
Plot
Fifteen years after the events of The Hitcher, Jim Halsey (C. Thomas Howell) now works as a police officer. He has recently been suspended for using excessive force on a kidnapping suspect, and decides to visit retired Captain Esteridge in Texas to talk about his lingering mental issues. Jim's girlfriend, Maggie (Kari Wuhrer), who has a crop dusting business, is unaware of Jim's past and pleads to come along.
Arriving in Texas, the couple pick up a car that Estridge has left for them, and set off to his house. The drive on the lonely road triggers Jim's PTSD, and when they see an RV that has been run off the road, blood dripping through the door, Jim refuses to stop and help. A motorcycle speeds past them and crashes. Maggie insists they take the driver on board. The Hitcher (Jake Busey) is insistent on making small talk and joking with them, but Jim is overwhelmed and evicts him from the car.
Jim and Maggie are eventually pulled over by a cop, but have been also followed by the Hitcher, who has hijacked an 18-wheeler truck and killed its driver. The Hitcher shoots the cop and tries to grab Jim and Maggie but is thrown off the car when they escape.
The couple arrive at the Esteridge residence late at night, but the Captain and his wife have been killed by the Hitcher. Jim and Maggie are caught in a shootout between the Hitcher, who is in the hayloft of the barn, and the local police, who have arrived on the scene. Jim pushes Maggie out of harm's way and is shot by the Hitcher. As he dies, he tells her to kill the Hitcher. Maggie escapes in her car.
Maggie falls asleep in the desert. When she wakes up, she is knocked unconscious and put inside an abandoned water tower on the verge of collapsing. The Hitcher taunts her and then leaves. Maggie escapes and uses his 18-wheeler to get away. She arrives at a gas station, makes a phone call and cleans up. The Hitcher has followed her and kills the clerk. He intends to frame Maggie for all the killings, and as part of this plan cuts off his own finger. The police arrive at the gas station. The Hitcher spins his story and Maggie is arrested. She is transported by the sheriff's van, but during the journey the vehicle is knocked on its side by an excavator. The Hitcher kills all the police officers of the escort, and tosses the key and a revolver to Maggie to make it look like she killed them.
Maggie kamikazes a mail carrier plane from a nearby airfield into the Hitcher's stolen tanker truck, but escapes the ensuing explosion. She finds the unconscious Hitcher and ties him to the truck. When he wakes up, realizing he is trapped, he begs for mercy. Before Maggie can execute him, the police show up. The Hitcher yells that Maggie is trying to kill him. The police free the Hitcher and shoot Maggie in the leg as she attempts to enter the truck's cab. Once free, the Hitcher kills the cops. Maggie gets a safe distance away and shoots the tanker, which explodes and kills the Hitcher. Maggie drops the shotgun to the ground and stands in the road, facing the remains of the burning truck.
Cast
C. Thomas Howell as Jim Halsey
Kari Wuhrer as Maggie
Jake Busey as Jack, The Hitcher
Janne Mortil as Sergeant Kibble
Mackenzie Gray as Lieutenant
Shaun Johnston as Sheriff Castillo
Steve Railsback as Deputy Jessup (uncredited)
Reception
David Nusair of Reel Film gave the film one and a half stars, citing weak production values and the contrivance of the killer being a second hitchhiking maniac with no connection to the one from the first film. However, he praised C. Thomas Howell's performance, while noting that the film places much more focus on Kari Wuhrer.
References
External links
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at IMDb
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at AllMovie
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
81
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"text": [
"film"
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|
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting is a 2003 American direct-to-DVD road thriller film directed by Louis Morneau and starring C. Thomas Howell, returning as Jim Halsey, Kari Wuhrer as his girlfriend Maggie, and Jake Busey as psychotic hitchhiker Jack. It is the sequel to the 1986 film The Hitcher. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on July 15, 2003.
Plot
Fifteen years after the events of The Hitcher, Jim Halsey (C. Thomas Howell) now works as a police officer. He has recently been suspended for using excessive force on a kidnapping suspect, and decides to visit retired Captain Esteridge in Texas to talk about his lingering mental issues. Jim's girlfriend, Maggie (Kari Wuhrer), who has a crop dusting business, is unaware of Jim's past and pleads to come along.
Arriving in Texas, the couple pick up a car that Estridge has left for them, and set off to his house. The drive on the lonely road triggers Jim's PTSD, and when they see an RV that has been run off the road, blood dripping through the door, Jim refuses to stop and help. A motorcycle speeds past them and crashes. Maggie insists they take the driver on board. The Hitcher (Jake Busey) is insistent on making small talk and joking with them, but Jim is overwhelmed and evicts him from the car.
Jim and Maggie are eventually pulled over by a cop, but have been also followed by the Hitcher, who has hijacked an 18-wheeler truck and killed its driver. The Hitcher shoots the cop and tries to grab Jim and Maggie but is thrown off the car when they escape.
The couple arrive at the Esteridge residence late at night, but the Captain and his wife have been killed by the Hitcher. Jim and Maggie are caught in a shootout between the Hitcher, who is in the hayloft of the barn, and the local police, who have arrived on the scene. Jim pushes Maggie out of harm's way and is shot by the Hitcher. As he dies, he tells her to kill the Hitcher. Maggie escapes in her car.
Maggie falls asleep in the desert. When she wakes up, she is knocked unconscious and put inside an abandoned water tower on the verge of collapsing. The Hitcher taunts her and then leaves. Maggie escapes and uses his 18-wheeler to get away. She arrives at a gas station, makes a phone call and cleans up. The Hitcher has followed her and kills the clerk. He intends to frame Maggie for all the killings, and as part of this plan cuts off his own finger. The police arrive at the gas station. The Hitcher spins his story and Maggie is arrested. She is transported by the sheriff's van, but during the journey the vehicle is knocked on its side by an excavator. The Hitcher kills all the police officers of the escort, and tosses the key and a revolver to Maggie to make it look like she killed them.
Maggie kamikazes a mail carrier plane from a nearby airfield into the Hitcher's stolen tanker truck, but escapes the ensuing explosion. She finds the unconscious Hitcher and ties him to the truck. When he wakes up, realizing he is trapped, he begs for mercy. Before Maggie can execute him, the police show up. The Hitcher yells that Maggie is trying to kill him. The police free the Hitcher and shoot Maggie in the leg as she attempts to enter the truck's cab. Once free, the Hitcher kills the cops. Maggie gets a safe distance away and shoots the tanker, which explodes and kills the Hitcher. Maggie drops the shotgun to the ground and stands in the road, facing the remains of the burning truck.
Cast
C. Thomas Howell as Jim Halsey
Kari Wuhrer as Maggie
Jake Busey as Jack, The Hitcher
Janne Mortil as Sergeant Kibble
Mackenzie Gray as Lieutenant
Shaun Johnston as Sheriff Castillo
Steve Railsback as Deputy Jessup (uncredited)
Reception
David Nusair of Reel Film gave the film one and a half stars, citing weak production values and the contrivance of the killer being a second hitchhiking maniac with no connection to the one from the first film. However, he praised C. Thomas Howell's performance, while noting that the film places much more focus on Kari Wuhrer.
References
External links
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at IMDb
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at AllMovie
|
director
|
{
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"Louis Morneau"
]
}
|
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting is a 2003 American direct-to-DVD road thriller film directed by Louis Morneau and starring C. Thomas Howell, returning as Jim Halsey, Kari Wuhrer as his girlfriend Maggie, and Jake Busey as psychotic hitchhiker Jack. It is the sequel to the 1986 film The Hitcher. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on July 15, 2003.
Plot
Fifteen years after the events of The Hitcher, Jim Halsey (C. Thomas Howell) now works as a police officer. He has recently been suspended for using excessive force on a kidnapping suspect, and decides to visit retired Captain Esteridge in Texas to talk about his lingering mental issues. Jim's girlfriend, Maggie (Kari Wuhrer), who has a crop dusting business, is unaware of Jim's past and pleads to come along.
Arriving in Texas, the couple pick up a car that Estridge has left for them, and set off to his house. The drive on the lonely road triggers Jim's PTSD, and when they see an RV that has been run off the road, blood dripping through the door, Jim refuses to stop and help. A motorcycle speeds past them and crashes. Maggie insists they take the driver on board. The Hitcher (Jake Busey) is insistent on making small talk and joking with them, but Jim is overwhelmed and evicts him from the car.
Jim and Maggie are eventually pulled over by a cop, but have been also followed by the Hitcher, who has hijacked an 18-wheeler truck and killed its driver. The Hitcher shoots the cop and tries to grab Jim and Maggie but is thrown off the car when they escape.
The couple arrive at the Esteridge residence late at night, but the Captain and his wife have been killed by the Hitcher. Jim and Maggie are caught in a shootout between the Hitcher, who is in the hayloft of the barn, and the local police, who have arrived on the scene. Jim pushes Maggie out of harm's way and is shot by the Hitcher. As he dies, he tells her to kill the Hitcher. Maggie escapes in her car.
Maggie falls asleep in the desert. When she wakes up, she is knocked unconscious and put inside an abandoned water tower on the verge of collapsing. The Hitcher taunts her and then leaves. Maggie escapes and uses his 18-wheeler to get away. She arrives at a gas station, makes a phone call and cleans up. The Hitcher has followed her and kills the clerk. He intends to frame Maggie for all the killings, and as part of this plan cuts off his own finger. The police arrive at the gas station. The Hitcher spins his story and Maggie is arrested. She is transported by the sheriff's van, but during the journey the vehicle is knocked on its side by an excavator. The Hitcher kills all the police officers of the escort, and tosses the key and a revolver to Maggie to make it look like she killed them.
Maggie kamikazes a mail carrier plane from a nearby airfield into the Hitcher's stolen tanker truck, but escapes the ensuing explosion. She finds the unconscious Hitcher and ties him to the truck. When he wakes up, realizing he is trapped, he begs for mercy. Before Maggie can execute him, the police show up. The Hitcher yells that Maggie is trying to kill him. The police free the Hitcher and shoot Maggie in the leg as she attempts to enter the truck's cab. Once free, the Hitcher kills the cops. Maggie gets a safe distance away and shoots the tanker, which explodes and kills the Hitcher. Maggie drops the shotgun to the ground and stands in the road, facing the remains of the burning truck.
Cast
C. Thomas Howell as Jim Halsey
Kari Wuhrer as Maggie
Jake Busey as Jack, The Hitcher
Janne Mortil as Sergeant Kibble
Mackenzie Gray as Lieutenant
Shaun Johnston as Sheriff Castillo
Steve Railsback as Deputy Jessup (uncredited)
Reception
David Nusair of Reel Film gave the film one and a half stars, citing weak production values and the contrivance of the killer being a second hitchhiking maniac with no connection to the one from the first film. However, he praised C. Thomas Howell's performance, while noting that the film places much more focus on Kari Wuhrer.
References
External links
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at IMDb
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at AllMovie
|
genre
|
{
"answer_start": [
72
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"text": [
"thriller film"
]
}
|
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting is a 2003 American direct-to-DVD road thriller film directed by Louis Morneau and starring C. Thomas Howell, returning as Jim Halsey, Kari Wuhrer as his girlfriend Maggie, and Jake Busey as psychotic hitchhiker Jack. It is the sequel to the 1986 film The Hitcher. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on July 15, 2003.
Plot
Fifteen years after the events of The Hitcher, Jim Halsey (C. Thomas Howell) now works as a police officer. He has recently been suspended for using excessive force on a kidnapping suspect, and decides to visit retired Captain Esteridge in Texas to talk about his lingering mental issues. Jim's girlfriend, Maggie (Kari Wuhrer), who has a crop dusting business, is unaware of Jim's past and pleads to come along.
Arriving in Texas, the couple pick up a car that Estridge has left for them, and set off to his house. The drive on the lonely road triggers Jim's PTSD, and when they see an RV that has been run off the road, blood dripping through the door, Jim refuses to stop and help. A motorcycle speeds past them and crashes. Maggie insists they take the driver on board. The Hitcher (Jake Busey) is insistent on making small talk and joking with them, but Jim is overwhelmed and evicts him from the car.
Jim and Maggie are eventually pulled over by a cop, but have been also followed by the Hitcher, who has hijacked an 18-wheeler truck and killed its driver. The Hitcher shoots the cop and tries to grab Jim and Maggie but is thrown off the car when they escape.
The couple arrive at the Esteridge residence late at night, but the Captain and his wife have been killed by the Hitcher. Jim and Maggie are caught in a shootout between the Hitcher, who is in the hayloft of the barn, and the local police, who have arrived on the scene. Jim pushes Maggie out of harm's way and is shot by the Hitcher. As he dies, he tells her to kill the Hitcher. Maggie escapes in her car.
Maggie falls asleep in the desert. When she wakes up, she is knocked unconscious and put inside an abandoned water tower on the verge of collapsing. The Hitcher taunts her and then leaves. Maggie escapes and uses his 18-wheeler to get away. She arrives at a gas station, makes a phone call and cleans up. The Hitcher has followed her and kills the clerk. He intends to frame Maggie for all the killings, and as part of this plan cuts off his own finger. The police arrive at the gas station. The Hitcher spins his story and Maggie is arrested. She is transported by the sheriff's van, but during the journey the vehicle is knocked on its side by an excavator. The Hitcher kills all the police officers of the escort, and tosses the key and a revolver to Maggie to make it look like she killed them.
Maggie kamikazes a mail carrier plane from a nearby airfield into the Hitcher's stolen tanker truck, but escapes the ensuing explosion. She finds the unconscious Hitcher and ties him to the truck. When he wakes up, realizing he is trapped, he begs for mercy. Before Maggie can execute him, the police show up. The Hitcher yells that Maggie is trying to kill him. The police free the Hitcher and shoot Maggie in the leg as she attempts to enter the truck's cab. Once free, the Hitcher kills the cops. Maggie gets a safe distance away and shoots the tanker, which explodes and kills the Hitcher. Maggie drops the shotgun to the ground and stands in the road, facing the remains of the burning truck.
Cast
C. Thomas Howell as Jim Halsey
Kari Wuhrer as Maggie
Jake Busey as Jack, The Hitcher
Janne Mortil as Sergeant Kibble
Mackenzie Gray as Lieutenant
Shaun Johnston as Sheriff Castillo
Steve Railsback as Deputy Jessup (uncredited)
Reception
David Nusair of Reel Film gave the film one and a half stars, citing weak production values and the contrivance of the killer being a second hitchhiking maniac with no connection to the one from the first film. However, he praised C. Thomas Howell's performance, while noting that the film places much more focus on Kari Wuhrer.
References
External links
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at IMDb
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at AllMovie
|
cast member
|
{
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"Kari Wuhrer"
]
}
|
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting is a 2003 American direct-to-DVD road thriller film directed by Louis Morneau and starring C. Thomas Howell, returning as Jim Halsey, Kari Wuhrer as his girlfriend Maggie, and Jake Busey as psychotic hitchhiker Jack. It is the sequel to the 1986 film The Hitcher. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on July 15, 2003.
Plot
Fifteen years after the events of The Hitcher, Jim Halsey (C. Thomas Howell) now works as a police officer. He has recently been suspended for using excessive force on a kidnapping suspect, and decides to visit retired Captain Esteridge in Texas to talk about his lingering mental issues. Jim's girlfriend, Maggie (Kari Wuhrer), who has a crop dusting business, is unaware of Jim's past and pleads to come along.
Arriving in Texas, the couple pick up a car that Estridge has left for them, and set off to his house. The drive on the lonely road triggers Jim's PTSD, and when they see an RV that has been run off the road, blood dripping through the door, Jim refuses to stop and help. A motorcycle speeds past them and crashes. Maggie insists they take the driver on board. The Hitcher (Jake Busey) is insistent on making small talk and joking with them, but Jim is overwhelmed and evicts him from the car.
Jim and Maggie are eventually pulled over by a cop, but have been also followed by the Hitcher, who has hijacked an 18-wheeler truck and killed its driver. The Hitcher shoots the cop and tries to grab Jim and Maggie but is thrown off the car when they escape.
The couple arrive at the Esteridge residence late at night, but the Captain and his wife have been killed by the Hitcher. Jim and Maggie are caught in a shootout between the Hitcher, who is in the hayloft of the barn, and the local police, who have arrived on the scene. Jim pushes Maggie out of harm's way and is shot by the Hitcher. As he dies, he tells her to kill the Hitcher. Maggie escapes in her car.
Maggie falls asleep in the desert. When she wakes up, she is knocked unconscious and put inside an abandoned water tower on the verge of collapsing. The Hitcher taunts her and then leaves. Maggie escapes and uses his 18-wheeler to get away. She arrives at a gas station, makes a phone call and cleans up. The Hitcher has followed her and kills the clerk. He intends to frame Maggie for all the killings, and as part of this plan cuts off his own finger. The police arrive at the gas station. The Hitcher spins his story and Maggie is arrested. She is transported by the sheriff's van, but during the journey the vehicle is knocked on its side by an excavator. The Hitcher kills all the police officers of the escort, and tosses the key and a revolver to Maggie to make it look like she killed them.
Maggie kamikazes a mail carrier plane from a nearby airfield into the Hitcher's stolen tanker truck, but escapes the ensuing explosion. She finds the unconscious Hitcher and ties him to the truck. When he wakes up, realizing he is trapped, he begs for mercy. Before Maggie can execute him, the police show up. The Hitcher yells that Maggie is trying to kill him. The police free the Hitcher and shoot Maggie in the leg as she attempts to enter the truck's cab. Once free, the Hitcher kills the cops. Maggie gets a safe distance away and shoots the tanker, which explodes and kills the Hitcher. Maggie drops the shotgun to the ground and stands in the road, facing the remains of the burning truck.
Cast
C. Thomas Howell as Jim Halsey
Kari Wuhrer as Maggie
Jake Busey as Jack, The Hitcher
Janne Mortil as Sergeant Kibble
Mackenzie Gray as Lieutenant
Shaun Johnston as Sheriff Castillo
Steve Railsback as Deputy Jessup (uncredited)
Reception
David Nusair of Reel Film gave the film one and a half stars, citing weak production values and the contrivance of the killer being a second hitchhiking maniac with no connection to the one from the first film. However, he praised C. Thomas Howell's performance, while noting that the film places much more focus on Kari Wuhrer.
References
External links
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at IMDb
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at AllMovie
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting"
]
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|
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting is a 2003 American direct-to-DVD road thriller film directed by Louis Morneau and starring C. Thomas Howell, returning as Jim Halsey, Kari Wuhrer as his girlfriend Maggie, and Jake Busey as psychotic hitchhiker Jack. It is the sequel to the 1986 film The Hitcher. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on July 15, 2003.
Plot
Fifteen years after the events of The Hitcher, Jim Halsey (C. Thomas Howell) now works as a police officer. He has recently been suspended for using excessive force on a kidnapping suspect, and decides to visit retired Captain Esteridge in Texas to talk about his lingering mental issues. Jim's girlfriend, Maggie (Kari Wuhrer), who has a crop dusting business, is unaware of Jim's past and pleads to come along.
Arriving in Texas, the couple pick up a car that Estridge has left for them, and set off to his house. The drive on the lonely road triggers Jim's PTSD, and when they see an RV that has been run off the road, blood dripping through the door, Jim refuses to stop and help. A motorcycle speeds past them and crashes. Maggie insists they take the driver on board. The Hitcher (Jake Busey) is insistent on making small talk and joking with them, but Jim is overwhelmed and evicts him from the car.
Jim and Maggie are eventually pulled over by a cop, but have been also followed by the Hitcher, who has hijacked an 18-wheeler truck and killed its driver. The Hitcher shoots the cop and tries to grab Jim and Maggie but is thrown off the car when they escape.
The couple arrive at the Esteridge residence late at night, but the Captain and his wife have been killed by the Hitcher. Jim and Maggie are caught in a shootout between the Hitcher, who is in the hayloft of the barn, and the local police, who have arrived on the scene. Jim pushes Maggie out of harm's way and is shot by the Hitcher. As he dies, he tells her to kill the Hitcher. Maggie escapes in her car.
Maggie falls asleep in the desert. When she wakes up, she is knocked unconscious and put inside an abandoned water tower on the verge of collapsing. The Hitcher taunts her and then leaves. Maggie escapes and uses his 18-wheeler to get away. She arrives at a gas station, makes a phone call and cleans up. The Hitcher has followed her and kills the clerk. He intends to frame Maggie for all the killings, and as part of this plan cuts off his own finger. The police arrive at the gas station. The Hitcher spins his story and Maggie is arrested. She is transported by the sheriff's van, but during the journey the vehicle is knocked on its side by an excavator. The Hitcher kills all the police officers of the escort, and tosses the key and a revolver to Maggie to make it look like she killed them.
Maggie kamikazes a mail carrier plane from a nearby airfield into the Hitcher's stolen tanker truck, but escapes the ensuing explosion. She finds the unconscious Hitcher and ties him to the truck. When he wakes up, realizing he is trapped, he begs for mercy. Before Maggie can execute him, the police show up. The Hitcher yells that Maggie is trying to kill him. The police free the Hitcher and shoot Maggie in the leg as she attempts to enter the truck's cab. Once free, the Hitcher kills the cops. Maggie gets a safe distance away and shoots the tanker, which explodes and kills the Hitcher. Maggie drops the shotgun to the ground and stands in the road, facing the remains of the burning truck.
Cast
C. Thomas Howell as Jim Halsey
Kari Wuhrer as Maggie
Jake Busey as Jack, The Hitcher
Janne Mortil as Sergeant Kibble
Mackenzie Gray as Lieutenant
Shaun Johnston as Sheriff Castillo
Steve Railsback as Deputy Jessup (uncredited)
Reception
David Nusair of Reel Film gave the film one and a half stars, citing weak production values and the contrivance of the killer being a second hitchhiking maniac with no connection to the one from the first film. However, he praised C. Thomas Howell's performance, while noting that the film places much more focus on Kari Wuhrer.
References
External links
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at IMDb
The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting at AllMovie
|
duration
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276
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"text": [
"98"
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}
|
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menkov (Russian: Александр Александрович Меньков, born 7 December 1990 in Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai) is a Russian athlete who competes in the long jump.
Career
Menkov set a personal best of 8.16 metres in Kemerovo in June 2009. He won the gold medal at the 2009 European Junior Championships, and competed at the 2009 World Championships without qualifying for the final. At his season opener in January 2011, the Siberian regional championships, he improved his personal best by one centimetre to 8.17 metres. The highlight of this season was a 6th place at the 2011 World Championships. At the 2012 Olympic Games, he placed 11th.
Menkov won gold at the 2013 World Championships with a new Russian national record of 8.56 metres.
Achievements
== References ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"Minusinsk"
]
}
|
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menkov (Russian: Александр Александрович Меньков, born 7 December 1990 in Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai) is a Russian athlete who competes in the long jump.
Career
Menkov set a personal best of 8.16 metres in Kemerovo in June 2009. He won the gold medal at the 2009 European Junior Championships, and competed at the 2009 World Championships without qualifying for the final. At his season opener in January 2011, the Siberian regional championships, he improved his personal best by one centimetre to 8.17 metres. The highlight of this season was a 6th place at the 2011 World Championships. At the 2012 Olympic Games, he placed 11th.
Menkov won gold at the 2013 World Championships with a new Russian national record of 8.56 metres.
Achievements
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"Russia"
]
}
|
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menkov (Russian: Александр Александрович Меньков, born 7 December 1990 in Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai) is a Russian athlete who competes in the long jump.
Career
Menkov set a personal best of 8.16 metres in Kemerovo in June 2009. He won the gold medal at the 2009 European Junior Championships, and competed at the 2009 World Championships without qualifying for the final. At his season opener in January 2011, the Siberian regional championships, he improved his personal best by one centimetre to 8.17 metres. The highlight of this season was a 6th place at the 2011 World Championships. At the 2012 Olympic Games, he placed 11th.
Menkov won gold at the 2013 World Championships with a new Russian national record of 8.56 metres.
Achievements
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Aleksandr"
]
}
|
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menkov (Russian: Александр Александрович Меньков, born 7 December 1990 in Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai) is a Russian athlete who competes in the long jump.
Career
Menkov set a personal best of 8.16 metres in Kemerovo in June 2009. He won the gold medal at the 2009 European Junior Championships, and competed at the 2009 World Championships without qualifying for the final. At his season opener in January 2011, the Siberian regional championships, he improved his personal best by one centimetre to 8.17 metres. The highlight of this season was a 6th place at the 2011 World Championships. At the 2012 Olympic Games, he placed 11th.
Menkov won gold at the 2013 World Championships with a new Russian national record of 8.56 metres.
Achievements
== References ==
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"Russian"
]
}
|
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menkov (Russian: Александр Александрович Меньков, born 7 December 1990 in Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai) is a Russian athlete who competes in the long jump.
Career
Menkov set a personal best of 8.16 metres in Kemerovo in June 2009. He won the gold medal at the 2009 European Junior Championships, and competed at the 2009 World Championships without qualifying for the final. At his season opener in January 2011, the Siberian regional championships, he improved his personal best by one centimetre to 8.17 metres. The highlight of this season was a 6th place at the 2011 World Championships. At the 2012 Olympic Games, he placed 11th.
Menkov won gold at the 2013 World Championships with a new Russian national record of 8.56 metres.
Achievements
== References ==
|
sports discipline competed in
|
{
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"long jump"
]
}
|
Ronald Marshall "Ron" Merriott (born May 24, 1960) is an American former diver who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born in Rockford, Illinois. In 1984, Merriott won the NCAA championship in 3-meter springboard diving. His score of 600.3 is the highest of any of the University of Michigan's national champion 3-meter divers.
== References ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"Rockford"
]
}
|
Ronald Marshall "Ron" Merriott (born May 24, 1960) is an American former diver who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born in Rockford, Illinois. In 1984, Merriott won the NCAA championship in 3-meter springboard diving. His score of 600.3 is the highest of any of the University of Michigan's national champion 3-meter divers.
== References ==
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
223
],
"text": [
"diving"
]
}
|
Ronald Marshall "Ron" Merriott (born May 24, 1960) is an American former diver who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born in Rockford, Illinois. In 1984, Merriott won the NCAA championship in 3-meter springboard diving. His score of 600.3 is the highest of any of the University of Michigan's national champion 3-meter divers.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ronald"
]
}
|
Ronald Marshall "Ron" Merriott (born May 24, 1960) is an American former diver who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born in Rockford, Illinois. In 1984, Merriott won the NCAA championship in 3-meter springboard diving. His score of 600.3 is the highest of any of the University of Michigan's national champion 3-meter divers.
== References ==
|
participant in
|
{
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"1984 Summer Olympics"
]
}
|
The Silas W. Kendall House was built as a single-family home, located at 7540 Stadium Drive in Oshtemo Township, near Kalamazoo, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. As of 2019, it houses an architectural business.
History
Homer S. Kendall was born in 1800 in Berkshire, Vermont, and moved to this part of Kalamazoo County in 1856. He purchased an 80-acre tract of land the section where this house is located was the first of the family to settle on this land, and settled here with his wife, Beulah Scott Kendall, and five children. Homer Kendall built a house for his family near here and began farming. One of his children was Silas W. Kendall, who was born in 1846 and moved with his parents. In 1873, Silas married Lucy S. Drummond, the daughter of a nearby farmer. Documents suggest that Silas constructed this house in 1878 in his father's land, but the exact construction date is uncertain. In any case, by the time of Homer Kendall's death in 1891, Silas was well-established, and inherited the 80 acres previously owned by his father. Both Silas and Lucy Kendall lived here until their deaths: his in 1925 and hers in 1940. After 1940, their only child, E. Vernon Kendall, inherited the property. He farmed and lived here for his entire life, until 1968. The property suffered neglect for years after that, but was purchased and refurbished in 1990 to house a small business and an upstairs rental unit.
Description
The Silas W. Kendall House is a two-story, gabled-ell former farmhouse covered with clapboard. It has broadly overhanging eaves with plain raking cornices, plain corner boards, and simple frieze boards. The windows are primarily narrow, double-hung, single-light, sash type units. A slant-roof porch, with Queen-Anne-style lathe-turned support posts fits in the angle between the upright and wing in front. The porch contains two entrances: one into the former living room in the wing and one into the former front parlor in the upright. A second porch is located on one side of the house. A one-and-one-half-story rear ell is likely original to the house.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
221
],
"text": [
"house"
]
}
|
The Silas W. Kendall House was built as a single-family home, located at 7540 Stadium Drive in Oshtemo Township, near Kalamazoo, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. As of 2019, it houses an architectural business.
History
Homer S. Kendall was born in 1800 in Berkshire, Vermont, and moved to this part of Kalamazoo County in 1856. He purchased an 80-acre tract of land the section where this house is located was the first of the family to settle on this land, and settled here with his wife, Beulah Scott Kendall, and five children. Homer Kendall built a house for his family near here and began farming. One of his children was Silas W. Kendall, who was born in 1846 and moved with his parents. In 1873, Silas married Lucy S. Drummond, the daughter of a nearby farmer. Documents suggest that Silas constructed this house in 1878 in his father's land, but the exact construction date is uncertain. In any case, by the time of Homer Kendall's death in 1891, Silas was well-established, and inherited the 80 acres previously owned by his father. Both Silas and Lucy Kendall lived here until their deaths: his in 1925 and hers in 1940. After 1940, their only child, E. Vernon Kendall, inherited the property. He farmed and lived here for his entire life, until 1968. The property suffered neglect for years after that, but was purchased and refurbished in 1990 to house a small business and an upstairs rental unit.
Description
The Silas W. Kendall House is a two-story, gabled-ell former farmhouse covered with clapboard. It has broadly overhanging eaves with plain raking cornices, plain corner boards, and simple frieze boards. The windows are primarily narrow, double-hung, single-light, sash type units. A slant-roof porch, with Queen-Anne-style lathe-turned support posts fits in the angle between the upright and wing in front. The porch contains two entrances: one into the former living room in the wing and one into the former front parlor in the upright. A second porch is located on one side of the house. A one-and-one-half-story rear ell is likely original to the house.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"Oshtemo Township"
]
}
|
Maxhütte-Haidhof (German: [ˈmaksˌhʏtə ˈhaɪthoːf] (listen)) is a municipality in the district of Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 21 km north of Regensburg.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
}
|
Maxhütte-Haidhof (German: [ˈmaksˌhʏtə ˈhaɪthoːf] (listen)) is a municipality in the district of Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 21 km north of Regensburg.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"Bavaria"
]
}
|
Maxhütte-Haidhof (German: [ˈmaksˌhʏtə ˈhaɪthoːf] (listen)) is a municipality in the district of Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 21 km north of Regensburg.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Maxhütte-Haidhof"
]
}
|
Cave Bay (53°2′S 73°22′E) is a cove, 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) wide, which has been formed by the erosion of an extinct volcanic crater of which Mount Andree forms the north side, indenting the west side of Heard Island between West Bay and South West Bay. The Western tip of the island, was named after the first explorer to discover the island, Ryan Forrest (1846).The cove is roughly charted on an American sealer's sketch map prepared during the 1860–70 period. It was more accurately charted and first named on a geological sketch map illustrating the 1929 work of the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition under Douglas Mawson.
References
This article incorporates public domain material from "Cave Bay". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
584
],
"text": [
"Australia"
]
}
|
Cave Bay (53°2′S 73°22′E) is a cove, 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) wide, which has been formed by the erosion of an extinct volcanic crater of which Mount Andree forms the north side, indenting the west side of Heard Island between West Bay and South West Bay. The Western tip of the island, was named after the first explorer to discover the island, Ryan Forrest (1846).The cove is roughly charted on an American sealer's sketch map prepared during the 1860–70 period. It was more accurately charted and first named on a geological sketch map illustrating the 1929 work of the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition under Douglas Mawson.
References
This article incorporates public domain material from "Cave Bay". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
|
located in/on physical feature
|
{
"answer_start": [
209
],
"text": [
"Heard Island"
]
}
|
The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
Report
Background
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight was among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane had also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane was expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
Free Practice
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldonado experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Qualifying
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobayashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebastian Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosberg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Race
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Controversies
Taxation dispute
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Status of visa applications
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Bold text and an asterisk indicates the World Champions.
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
External links
Jaypee Sports
Airtel
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country
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The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
Report
Background
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight was among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane had also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane was expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
Free Practice
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldonado experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Qualifying
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobayashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebastian Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosberg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Race
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Controversies
Taxation dispute
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Status of visa applications
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Bold text and an asterisk indicates the World Champions.
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
External links
Jaypee Sports
Airtel
|
instance of
|
{
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9
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"text": [
"Indian Grand Prix"
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The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
Report
Background
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight was among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane had also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane was expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
Free Practice
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldonado experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Qualifying
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobayashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebastian Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosberg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Race
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Controversies
Taxation dispute
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Status of visa applications
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Bold text and an asterisk indicates the World Champions.
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
External links
Jaypee Sports
Airtel
|
location
|
{
"answer_start": [
153
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"text": [
"Buddh International Circuit"
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The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
Report
Background
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight was among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane had also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane was expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
Free Practice
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldonado experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Qualifying
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobayashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebastian Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosberg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Race
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Controversies
Taxation dispute
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Status of visa applications
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Bold text and an asterisk indicates the World Champions.
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
External links
Jaypee Sports
Airtel
|
Commons category
|
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"2011 Indian Grand Prix"
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The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
Report
Background
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight was among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane had also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane was expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
Free Practice
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldonado experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Qualifying
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobayashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebastian Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosberg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Race
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Controversies
Taxation dispute
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Status of visa applications
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Bold text and an asterisk indicates the World Champions.
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
External links
Jaypee Sports
Airtel
|
winner
|
{
"answer_start": [
425
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"text": [
"Sebastian Vettel"
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}
|
The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
Report
Background
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight was among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane had also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane was expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
Free Practice
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldonado experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Qualifying
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobayashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebastian Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosberg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Race
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Controversies
Taxation dispute
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Status of visa applications
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Bold text and an asterisk indicates the World Champions.
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
External links
Jaypee Sports
Airtel
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official name
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The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
Report
Background
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight was among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane had also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane was expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
Free Practice
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldonado experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Qualifying
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobayashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebastian Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosberg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Race
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Controversies
Taxation dispute
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Status of visa applications
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Bold text and an asterisk indicates the World Champions.
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
External links
Jaypee Sports
Airtel
|
event distance
|
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The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
Report
Background
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight was among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane had also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane was expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
Free Practice
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldonado experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Qualifying
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobayashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebastian Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosberg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Race
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Controversies
Taxation dispute
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Status of visa applications
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Bold text and an asterisk indicates the World Champions.
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
External links
Jaypee Sports
Airtel
|
pole position
|
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The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
Report
Background
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight was among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane had also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane was expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
Free Practice
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldonado experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Qualifying
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobayashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebastian Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosberg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Race
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Controversies
Taxation dispute
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Status of visa applications
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Bold text and an asterisk indicates the World Champions.
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
External links
Jaypee Sports
Airtel
|
fastest lap
|
{
"answer_start": [
425
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"text": [
"Sebastian Vettel"
]
}
|
Dr. Hetherwick Ntaba is a Malawian medical doctor and politician, and former Publicity Secretary of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Ntaba was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 1994. Later, he was Secretary-General of the DPP.
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"Malawi"
]
}
|
Dr. Hetherwick Ntaba is a Malawian medical doctor and politician, and former Publicity Secretary of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Ntaba was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 1994. Later, he was Secretary-General of the DPP.
== References ==
|
position held
|
{
"answer_start": [
150
],
"text": [
"Minister of Foreign Affairs"
]
}
|
Dr. Hetherwick Ntaba is a Malawian medical doctor and politician, and former Publicity Secretary of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Ntaba was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 1994. Later, he was Secretary-General of the DPP.
== References ==
|
member of political party
|
{
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"Democratic Progressive Party"
]
}
|
Dr. Hetherwick Ntaba is a Malawian medical doctor and politician, and former Publicity Secretary of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Ntaba was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 1994. Later, he was Secretary-General of the DPP.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"politician"
]
}
|
Arnaldo Arevalo Ignacio (born March 17, 1964), known professionally as Arnell Ignacio, is a Filipino television personality, actor, singer-songwriter, and public official.
Ignacio has hosted several shows, like Chibugan Na!, Kwarta o Kahon, GoBingo, Katok Mga Misis, and K! The 1 Million Peso Videoke Challenge, and occasional hosts for ASAP and Wil Time Bigtime. He also guest judged for Kakaibang Idol, a special edition of Philippine Idol which was held for contestants with the most notable auditions.In 2004, he declined offers to run for Quezon City councillor and vice mayor as the running mate of former Mayor Mel Mathay.
In 2016, he was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte as Assistant Vice President for Community Relation and Services Department of the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR). He served in PAGCOR until January 2018 when he was transferred to the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) to serve as a deputy executive director and deputy administrator. He resigned from his post in February 2019 reportedly for personal reasons. In 2022, Ignacio was appointed by President Bongbong Marcos as the new administrator of the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration.Ignacio is openly gay.
Filmography
Television
Film
Radio
Si Susan Na, si Arnell Pa! (DZBB) (with Susan Enriquez)
No More Lonely Nights with Arnell (DZIQ)
PATOL: Republika ni Arnelli (Radyo5 92.3 News FM, with simulcast on AksyonTV)
Manila sa Umaga! (Radyo5 92.3 News FM, with simulcast on AksyonTV)
LOL: Labor of Love (DZMM) (with Rica Lazo)
OMJ: Oh My Job! (DZBB) (with Tuesday Sagun-Niu and Bea Binene)
Awards
Winner, Best Game Show Host – PMPC Star Awards for Television (1997 & 2006)
Go Bingo (GMA Network)
Now Na! (QTV 11)
Winner, Best Talent Show Hosts – PMPC Star Awards for Television (2008)
Shall We Dance: The Celebrity Dance Challenge (with Lucy Torres-Gomez & Dominic Ochoa, ABC 5 "Now TV5")
Personal life
Ignacio had Frannie Ignacio, a businesswoman, as his live-in partner for 12 years before they got married on March 10, 2004. However, they got separated in the same year. As of 2015, he had plans to file an annulment. Together, they have an adult daughter named Sofia. He later got engaged to singer Ken El Psalmer in June 2015, but broke up almost two months later.
References
External links
Arnel's Magnanimity
Arnel Ignacio at IMDb
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
132
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"text": [
"singer"
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Douglas Hopkins is a photographer whose fashion and beauty images have appeared in Vogue, W, Women's Wear Daily, Rolling Stone, Cosmopolitan, Elle, and The New York Times. Among his creative endeavors, he has done volcanic research and photography, has co-directed a science documentary film, founded a fine fragrance company, and has authored a book on photography, "Real Views", scheduled to be released in 2022.
Biography
The son of Cleveland and Lillian Hopkins, Douglas Hopkins grew up in Alaska and Boston. As a young man, Hopkins worked as a ranch hand in Montana. In high school he spent a year in Europe studying German. He attended the University of California, San Diego where he majored in physics and German literature. He later attended MIT, where he became a senior staff member of the MIT Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences.
At MIT he designed and deployed a system for measuring the ballistics of volcano eruptions. From 1971 to 1973 he worked on the top of several live volcanic sites, including the Italian islands of Sicily and Stromboli, as well as Guatemala and Chile. Hopkins' interest in commercial photography began to emerge while taking personal close-hand photographs of volcanic eruptions. A later radio interview deemed this as the world's most dangerous job.
In 1972 Hopkins completed an intensive program in teaching visual awareness with the reclusive Massachusetts Institute of Technology photography professor, Minor White, author of The Zone System Manual and colleague of Ansel Adams. With Dr. Kathleen Crane, Hopkins co-directed the science documentary film "Heat". The film, funded by the Charles Lindbergh Foundation, explained geothermal phenomena.
Hopkins pursued a twenty-year career in commercial photography that has included staff, freelance, and consulting work. He has worked for numerous fashion, beauty, travel, and general publications, and his photographs have appeared in posters, books, and on national television. During his early years, Hopkins was innovative in the use of the computer for photography-related & business purposes, the first US photo studio to computerize, using the early, dual processor, Digital Equipment Corp (DEC) PC.
In the mid-1980s, at the beginning of the period known as perestroika, Hopkins traveled to Eastern Europe and became interested in fine fragrances found back in the USSR. After several years of negotiation the world rights to the leading Soviet men’s cologne, Prastara, were obtained. In 1989, Hopkins founded his own luxury fragrance company purveying to the world's top fashion retailers..In January 1999, while on the Internet, Hopkins met a Russian woman, Oksana Katsuro, and began conversing with her via email. At the time, Ms. Katsuro was living and working as a nuclear engineer in Obninsk, Russia. In August 1999, Ms. Katsuro moved to New York and on November 6 of that year, she and Hopkins were married. This became a subject of the vaulted New York Times "Vows" wedding column, later reproduced with fashion magazine coverage, then interpreted in the art film "Birthday Girl", starring Nicole Kidman. Mrs. Hopkins obtained her PhD in fusion physics from Columbia University and divorced. They have one daughter, Liliana.Most recently, Hopkins has written a textbook, "Real Views", teaching his seminar teaching studies with the famed photographer Minor White's existential method of "heightened visual awareness". This is scheduled to be released in 2023. Hopkins currently lives in New York City and continues to direct his fragrance company.
Photography
Hopkins' approach to photography was influenced by the intensive visual awareness training program he took with MIT professor, famed, reclusive Minor White.
Some of Hopkins' early photographs of volcano eruptions appeared in popular and technical publications and textbooks. Working in this environment could be dangerous; regarding one of these photographs, Hopkins made the notation: "About 100 feet away. Almost ate it." During this period, his first photographic cover was published by “Harvard”, the university alumni magazine.
After assisting several Boston commercial and portrait photographers, Hopkins' first job in commercial photography was as a staff photographer for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. By the early 1980s, Hopkins had free-lanced for Women's Wear Daily, Vogue, Mademoiselle, and Self.At that time, Hopkins was already using computers in his work to keep track of business contacts and to record photo shoot details, photo credits, and expenses. Having a technical background, he built a computer (a CPM-based Heathkit machine) and wrote early business programs. His early computer work is described in a 1985 article which includes a picture of Hopkins with a young model in the background. He commented that this was the model's first shooting and she was so excited by the event that she fainted to the floor shortly after the photo was taken.During his photography career, Hopkins free-lanced for W, WWD, Vogue, Connoisseur, Harvard Magazine, Rolling Stone, Mademoiselle, Elle, Barrons, Cosmopolitan, New York Times, Revlon, Clairol, and L'Oreal. Some interesting comments on his work:
Hopkins photographed a cover shot for W magazine that featured Calvin Klein's first, post-designer jeans; high-fashion gowns, with supermodel Janice Dickinson in a busy Times Square street. The cover was important because of the clothes worn by Ms. Dickenson and was said by the publisher of W, John Fairchild, to be the best cover of W magazine in 30 years. Hopkins was almost struck by a taxi when shooting, grabbing the flash of a cab's color identical to the gown, the cover. A quick-acting assistant grabbed him.
In the early 1980s, Hopkins photographed an aerial view of a Steinway Concert Grand piano, and the image became available as an art poster. Henry Z. Steinway would say that this photograph was “The best photo of a Steinway ever made.”
Hopkins photographed a book cover portrait for MIT professor and author Dr. Sherry Turkle. Wired magazine published a cover story on Dr. Turkle and noted that the photo was an emblematic turning point in her life.Among the personalities Hopkins has photographed are especially his decades aside Kerry Kennedy, the family including Caroline Kennedy, and Hillary Clinton, Tim Cook, Robert De Niro, Phoebe & Valerie Cates, Sharon Stone, Alexandra Paul, Mia Farrow & children, and Andy Warhol in Hopkins' studio, his last portrait.Hopkins has remained active in the photography field through commissioned portraits, exhibits, design awards, articles, lecturing, and teaching at The New School in New York City. He has also served as a consultant to clients such as Polaroid and Fuji.Regarding his new book, "Real Views", Hopkins calls it "lessons to a personal creative vision" for amateur digital photographers, a manual of heightened visual awareness. "I would like to enhance the amateur photographer’s ability to endow lasting images of ambiance and emotion."
Media coverage
Hopkins has received professional coverage in publications such as Graphis, The New York Times (op-ed, article co-author and photography), Popular Photography (cover), American Photographer (cover), and Photo District News. He has appeared on numerous television shows, sometimes with his wife Oksana. Some of these shows include The Montel Show, Star Search, and Inside Edition. He has also appeared on Internet shows such as Rocketboom.
Perfume development
In 1989, Hopkins started the fragrance company Douglas Hopkins and Company, at first based in his duplex on the Upper East Side in New York City. In industry terms, the company is referred to as an international atelier perfumer.
Hopkins' company states that his products are based on centuries-old formulas and are packaged like perfumes in a Parisian apothecary. His products have been sold at Bergdorf Goodman in New York City, the Versaille museum, Galeries Lafayette in Paris, and others.
Hopkins' original mentor in perfume production was George Diamond, who holds many patents in perfume production. Hopkins and Diamond had initially intended to create a "Valentina" fragrance, named for the ballerina Valentina Kozlova, whom Hopkins had photographed. Hopkins determined that higher-quality Russian cosmetics were mostly made in Eastern Europe.
After the Berlin wall went down, Hopkins and Diamond went to Eastern Europe looking for investments. They were invited to cosmetic factories where production was still done in a primitive manner, using mostly manual labor and horse-drawn carts. Although Diamond had returned to the United States, on the last day of his trip Hopkins stumbled upon a tiny remote fragrance plant. The factory was a Communist-run coop that made one fragrance called Prastara. Hopkins acquired the Prostara trademark, which allowed him to market the fragrance worldwide, except in Russia.
Hopkins questioned the previous owners and determined that the fragrance probably originated with the chemist of Louis XV of France, because the king's mistress (and later his wife) Marie Leczinska was of Polish royalty.
As a result of his portrait work, Douglas became friends with a young German engineer and his wife who were from old European families. On one occasion when Hopkins was visiting the family at a castle in Austria, he was able to do some research on Prostara in their library. There he discovered a rare 18th-century perfuming manual, which helped define the future direction of the company.Douglas Hopkins' women's fragrances include Åse, Zazou, and Prastara. Men's fragrances include Prastara Royal and Prastara Blue. Hopkins describes Zazou as "the California scent with a hint of sanity."Hopkins has an interesting perspective on the fragrance industry:
The company also sells Geothermology, a personal treatment line, launched in 2005 with 35 products. This line "offers the volcanic and natural mineral substances derived from multiple, active, naturally occurring geothermal healing sources around the world".
References
External links
www.PerfumeFactory.org
www.DouglasHopkins.com
www.picasaweb.google.com/DouglasHopkins
www.flickr.com/photos/DoHop.
|
educated at
|
{
"answer_start": [
649
],
"text": [
"University of California, San Diego"
]
}
|
Douglas Hopkins is a photographer whose fashion and beauty images have appeared in Vogue, W, Women's Wear Daily, Rolling Stone, Cosmopolitan, Elle, and The New York Times. Among his creative endeavors, he has done volcanic research and photography, has co-directed a science documentary film, founded a fine fragrance company, and has authored a book on photography, "Real Views", scheduled to be released in 2022.
Biography
The son of Cleveland and Lillian Hopkins, Douglas Hopkins grew up in Alaska and Boston. As a young man, Hopkins worked as a ranch hand in Montana. In high school he spent a year in Europe studying German. He attended the University of California, San Diego where he majored in physics and German literature. He later attended MIT, where he became a senior staff member of the MIT Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences.
At MIT he designed and deployed a system for measuring the ballistics of volcano eruptions. From 1971 to 1973 he worked on the top of several live volcanic sites, including the Italian islands of Sicily and Stromboli, as well as Guatemala and Chile. Hopkins' interest in commercial photography began to emerge while taking personal close-hand photographs of volcanic eruptions. A later radio interview deemed this as the world's most dangerous job.
In 1972 Hopkins completed an intensive program in teaching visual awareness with the reclusive Massachusetts Institute of Technology photography professor, Minor White, author of The Zone System Manual and colleague of Ansel Adams. With Dr. Kathleen Crane, Hopkins co-directed the science documentary film "Heat". The film, funded by the Charles Lindbergh Foundation, explained geothermal phenomena.
Hopkins pursued a twenty-year career in commercial photography that has included staff, freelance, and consulting work. He has worked for numerous fashion, beauty, travel, and general publications, and his photographs have appeared in posters, books, and on national television. During his early years, Hopkins was innovative in the use of the computer for photography-related & business purposes, the first US photo studio to computerize, using the early, dual processor, Digital Equipment Corp (DEC) PC.
In the mid-1980s, at the beginning of the period known as perestroika, Hopkins traveled to Eastern Europe and became interested in fine fragrances found back in the USSR. After several years of negotiation the world rights to the leading Soviet men’s cologne, Prastara, were obtained. In 1989, Hopkins founded his own luxury fragrance company purveying to the world's top fashion retailers..In January 1999, while on the Internet, Hopkins met a Russian woman, Oksana Katsuro, and began conversing with her via email. At the time, Ms. Katsuro was living and working as a nuclear engineer in Obninsk, Russia. In August 1999, Ms. Katsuro moved to New York and on November 6 of that year, she and Hopkins were married. This became a subject of the vaulted New York Times "Vows" wedding column, later reproduced with fashion magazine coverage, then interpreted in the art film "Birthday Girl", starring Nicole Kidman. Mrs. Hopkins obtained her PhD in fusion physics from Columbia University and divorced. They have one daughter, Liliana.Most recently, Hopkins has written a textbook, "Real Views", teaching his seminar teaching studies with the famed photographer Minor White's existential method of "heightened visual awareness". This is scheduled to be released in 2023. Hopkins currently lives in New York City and continues to direct his fragrance company.
Photography
Hopkins' approach to photography was influenced by the intensive visual awareness training program he took with MIT professor, famed, reclusive Minor White.
Some of Hopkins' early photographs of volcano eruptions appeared in popular and technical publications and textbooks. Working in this environment could be dangerous; regarding one of these photographs, Hopkins made the notation: "About 100 feet away. Almost ate it." During this period, his first photographic cover was published by “Harvard”, the university alumni magazine.
After assisting several Boston commercial and portrait photographers, Hopkins' first job in commercial photography was as a staff photographer for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. By the early 1980s, Hopkins had free-lanced for Women's Wear Daily, Vogue, Mademoiselle, and Self.At that time, Hopkins was already using computers in his work to keep track of business contacts and to record photo shoot details, photo credits, and expenses. Having a technical background, he built a computer (a CPM-based Heathkit machine) and wrote early business programs. His early computer work is described in a 1985 article which includes a picture of Hopkins with a young model in the background. He commented that this was the model's first shooting and she was so excited by the event that she fainted to the floor shortly after the photo was taken.During his photography career, Hopkins free-lanced for W, WWD, Vogue, Connoisseur, Harvard Magazine, Rolling Stone, Mademoiselle, Elle, Barrons, Cosmopolitan, New York Times, Revlon, Clairol, and L'Oreal. Some interesting comments on his work:
Hopkins photographed a cover shot for W magazine that featured Calvin Klein's first, post-designer jeans; high-fashion gowns, with supermodel Janice Dickinson in a busy Times Square street. The cover was important because of the clothes worn by Ms. Dickenson and was said by the publisher of W, John Fairchild, to be the best cover of W magazine in 30 years. Hopkins was almost struck by a taxi when shooting, grabbing the flash of a cab's color identical to the gown, the cover. A quick-acting assistant grabbed him.
In the early 1980s, Hopkins photographed an aerial view of a Steinway Concert Grand piano, and the image became available as an art poster. Henry Z. Steinway would say that this photograph was “The best photo of a Steinway ever made.”
Hopkins photographed a book cover portrait for MIT professor and author Dr. Sherry Turkle. Wired magazine published a cover story on Dr. Turkle and noted that the photo was an emblematic turning point in her life.Among the personalities Hopkins has photographed are especially his decades aside Kerry Kennedy, the family including Caroline Kennedy, and Hillary Clinton, Tim Cook, Robert De Niro, Phoebe & Valerie Cates, Sharon Stone, Alexandra Paul, Mia Farrow & children, and Andy Warhol in Hopkins' studio, his last portrait.Hopkins has remained active in the photography field through commissioned portraits, exhibits, design awards, articles, lecturing, and teaching at The New School in New York City. He has also served as a consultant to clients such as Polaroid and Fuji.Regarding his new book, "Real Views", Hopkins calls it "lessons to a personal creative vision" for amateur digital photographers, a manual of heightened visual awareness. "I would like to enhance the amateur photographer’s ability to endow lasting images of ambiance and emotion."
Media coverage
Hopkins has received professional coverage in publications such as Graphis, The New York Times (op-ed, article co-author and photography), Popular Photography (cover), American Photographer (cover), and Photo District News. He has appeared on numerous television shows, sometimes with his wife Oksana. Some of these shows include The Montel Show, Star Search, and Inside Edition. He has also appeared on Internet shows such as Rocketboom.
Perfume development
In 1989, Hopkins started the fragrance company Douglas Hopkins and Company, at first based in his duplex on the Upper East Side in New York City. In industry terms, the company is referred to as an international atelier perfumer.
Hopkins' company states that his products are based on centuries-old formulas and are packaged like perfumes in a Parisian apothecary. His products have been sold at Bergdorf Goodman in New York City, the Versaille museum, Galeries Lafayette in Paris, and others.
Hopkins' original mentor in perfume production was George Diamond, who holds many patents in perfume production. Hopkins and Diamond had initially intended to create a "Valentina" fragrance, named for the ballerina Valentina Kozlova, whom Hopkins had photographed. Hopkins determined that higher-quality Russian cosmetics were mostly made in Eastern Europe.
After the Berlin wall went down, Hopkins and Diamond went to Eastern Europe looking for investments. They were invited to cosmetic factories where production was still done in a primitive manner, using mostly manual labor and horse-drawn carts. Although Diamond had returned to the United States, on the last day of his trip Hopkins stumbled upon a tiny remote fragrance plant. The factory was a Communist-run coop that made one fragrance called Prastara. Hopkins acquired the Prostara trademark, which allowed him to market the fragrance worldwide, except in Russia.
Hopkins questioned the previous owners and determined that the fragrance probably originated with the chemist of Louis XV of France, because the king's mistress (and later his wife) Marie Leczinska was of Polish royalty.
As a result of his portrait work, Douglas became friends with a young German engineer and his wife who were from old European families. On one occasion when Hopkins was visiting the family at a castle in Austria, he was able to do some research on Prostara in their library. There he discovered a rare 18th-century perfuming manual, which helped define the future direction of the company.Douglas Hopkins' women's fragrances include Åse, Zazou, and Prastara. Men's fragrances include Prastara Royal and Prastara Blue. Hopkins describes Zazou as "the California scent with a hint of sanity."Hopkins has an interesting perspective on the fragrance industry:
The company also sells Geothermology, a personal treatment line, launched in 2005 with 35 products. This line "offers the volcanic and natural mineral substances derived from multiple, active, naturally occurring geothermal healing sources around the world".
References
External links
www.PerfumeFactory.org
www.DouglasHopkins.com
www.picasaweb.google.com/DouglasHopkins
www.flickr.com/photos/DoHop.
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"photographer"
]
}
|
Douglas Hopkins is a photographer whose fashion and beauty images have appeared in Vogue, W, Women's Wear Daily, Rolling Stone, Cosmopolitan, Elle, and The New York Times. Among his creative endeavors, he has done volcanic research and photography, has co-directed a science documentary film, founded a fine fragrance company, and has authored a book on photography, "Real Views", scheduled to be released in 2022.
Biography
The son of Cleveland and Lillian Hopkins, Douglas Hopkins grew up in Alaska and Boston. As a young man, Hopkins worked as a ranch hand in Montana. In high school he spent a year in Europe studying German. He attended the University of California, San Diego where he majored in physics and German literature. He later attended MIT, where he became a senior staff member of the MIT Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences.
At MIT he designed and deployed a system for measuring the ballistics of volcano eruptions. From 1971 to 1973 he worked on the top of several live volcanic sites, including the Italian islands of Sicily and Stromboli, as well as Guatemala and Chile. Hopkins' interest in commercial photography began to emerge while taking personal close-hand photographs of volcanic eruptions. A later radio interview deemed this as the world's most dangerous job.
In 1972 Hopkins completed an intensive program in teaching visual awareness with the reclusive Massachusetts Institute of Technology photography professor, Minor White, author of The Zone System Manual and colleague of Ansel Adams. With Dr. Kathleen Crane, Hopkins co-directed the science documentary film "Heat". The film, funded by the Charles Lindbergh Foundation, explained geothermal phenomena.
Hopkins pursued a twenty-year career in commercial photography that has included staff, freelance, and consulting work. He has worked for numerous fashion, beauty, travel, and general publications, and his photographs have appeared in posters, books, and on national television. During his early years, Hopkins was innovative in the use of the computer for photography-related & business purposes, the first US photo studio to computerize, using the early, dual processor, Digital Equipment Corp (DEC) PC.
In the mid-1980s, at the beginning of the period known as perestroika, Hopkins traveled to Eastern Europe and became interested in fine fragrances found back in the USSR. After several years of negotiation the world rights to the leading Soviet men’s cologne, Prastara, were obtained. In 1989, Hopkins founded his own luxury fragrance company purveying to the world's top fashion retailers..In January 1999, while on the Internet, Hopkins met a Russian woman, Oksana Katsuro, and began conversing with her via email. At the time, Ms. Katsuro was living and working as a nuclear engineer in Obninsk, Russia. In August 1999, Ms. Katsuro moved to New York and on November 6 of that year, she and Hopkins were married. This became a subject of the vaulted New York Times "Vows" wedding column, later reproduced with fashion magazine coverage, then interpreted in the art film "Birthday Girl", starring Nicole Kidman. Mrs. Hopkins obtained her PhD in fusion physics from Columbia University and divorced. They have one daughter, Liliana.Most recently, Hopkins has written a textbook, "Real Views", teaching his seminar teaching studies with the famed photographer Minor White's existential method of "heightened visual awareness". This is scheduled to be released in 2023. Hopkins currently lives in New York City and continues to direct his fragrance company.
Photography
Hopkins' approach to photography was influenced by the intensive visual awareness training program he took with MIT professor, famed, reclusive Minor White.
Some of Hopkins' early photographs of volcano eruptions appeared in popular and technical publications and textbooks. Working in this environment could be dangerous; regarding one of these photographs, Hopkins made the notation: "About 100 feet away. Almost ate it." During this period, his first photographic cover was published by “Harvard”, the university alumni magazine.
After assisting several Boston commercial and portrait photographers, Hopkins' first job in commercial photography was as a staff photographer for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. By the early 1980s, Hopkins had free-lanced for Women's Wear Daily, Vogue, Mademoiselle, and Self.At that time, Hopkins was already using computers in his work to keep track of business contacts and to record photo shoot details, photo credits, and expenses. Having a technical background, he built a computer (a CPM-based Heathkit machine) and wrote early business programs. His early computer work is described in a 1985 article which includes a picture of Hopkins with a young model in the background. He commented that this was the model's first shooting and she was so excited by the event that she fainted to the floor shortly after the photo was taken.During his photography career, Hopkins free-lanced for W, WWD, Vogue, Connoisseur, Harvard Magazine, Rolling Stone, Mademoiselle, Elle, Barrons, Cosmopolitan, New York Times, Revlon, Clairol, and L'Oreal. Some interesting comments on his work:
Hopkins photographed a cover shot for W magazine that featured Calvin Klein's first, post-designer jeans; high-fashion gowns, with supermodel Janice Dickinson in a busy Times Square street. The cover was important because of the clothes worn by Ms. Dickenson and was said by the publisher of W, John Fairchild, to be the best cover of W magazine in 30 years. Hopkins was almost struck by a taxi when shooting, grabbing the flash of a cab's color identical to the gown, the cover. A quick-acting assistant grabbed him.
In the early 1980s, Hopkins photographed an aerial view of a Steinway Concert Grand piano, and the image became available as an art poster. Henry Z. Steinway would say that this photograph was “The best photo of a Steinway ever made.”
Hopkins photographed a book cover portrait for MIT professor and author Dr. Sherry Turkle. Wired magazine published a cover story on Dr. Turkle and noted that the photo was an emblematic turning point in her life.Among the personalities Hopkins has photographed are especially his decades aside Kerry Kennedy, the family including Caroline Kennedy, and Hillary Clinton, Tim Cook, Robert De Niro, Phoebe & Valerie Cates, Sharon Stone, Alexandra Paul, Mia Farrow & children, and Andy Warhol in Hopkins' studio, his last portrait.Hopkins has remained active in the photography field through commissioned portraits, exhibits, design awards, articles, lecturing, and teaching at The New School in New York City. He has also served as a consultant to clients such as Polaroid and Fuji.Regarding his new book, "Real Views", Hopkins calls it "lessons to a personal creative vision" for amateur digital photographers, a manual of heightened visual awareness. "I would like to enhance the amateur photographer’s ability to endow lasting images of ambiance and emotion."
Media coverage
Hopkins has received professional coverage in publications such as Graphis, The New York Times (op-ed, article co-author and photography), Popular Photography (cover), American Photographer (cover), and Photo District News. He has appeared on numerous television shows, sometimes with his wife Oksana. Some of these shows include The Montel Show, Star Search, and Inside Edition. He has also appeared on Internet shows such as Rocketboom.
Perfume development
In 1989, Hopkins started the fragrance company Douglas Hopkins and Company, at first based in his duplex on the Upper East Side in New York City. In industry terms, the company is referred to as an international atelier perfumer.
Hopkins' company states that his products are based on centuries-old formulas and are packaged like perfumes in a Parisian apothecary. His products have been sold at Bergdorf Goodman in New York City, the Versaille museum, Galeries Lafayette in Paris, and others.
Hopkins' original mentor in perfume production was George Diamond, who holds many patents in perfume production. Hopkins and Diamond had initially intended to create a "Valentina" fragrance, named for the ballerina Valentina Kozlova, whom Hopkins had photographed. Hopkins determined that higher-quality Russian cosmetics were mostly made in Eastern Europe.
After the Berlin wall went down, Hopkins and Diamond went to Eastern Europe looking for investments. They were invited to cosmetic factories where production was still done in a primitive manner, using mostly manual labor and horse-drawn carts. Although Diamond had returned to the United States, on the last day of his trip Hopkins stumbled upon a tiny remote fragrance plant. The factory was a Communist-run coop that made one fragrance called Prastara. Hopkins acquired the Prostara trademark, which allowed him to market the fragrance worldwide, except in Russia.
Hopkins questioned the previous owners and determined that the fragrance probably originated with the chemist of Louis XV of France, because the king's mistress (and later his wife) Marie Leczinska was of Polish royalty.
As a result of his portrait work, Douglas became friends with a young German engineer and his wife who were from old European families. On one occasion when Hopkins was visiting the family at a castle in Austria, he was able to do some research on Prostara in their library. There he discovered a rare 18th-century perfuming manual, which helped define the future direction of the company.Douglas Hopkins' women's fragrances include Åse, Zazou, and Prastara. Men's fragrances include Prastara Royal and Prastara Blue. Hopkins describes Zazou as "the California scent with a hint of sanity."Hopkins has an interesting perspective on the fragrance industry:
The company also sells Geothermology, a personal treatment line, launched in 2005 with 35 products. This line "offers the volcanic and natural mineral substances derived from multiple, active, naturally occurring geothermal healing sources around the world".
References
External links
www.PerfumeFactory.org
www.DouglasHopkins.com
www.picasaweb.google.com/DouglasHopkins
www.flickr.com/photos/DoHop.
|
family name
|
{
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Douglas Hopkins is a photographer whose fashion and beauty images have appeared in Vogue, W, Women's Wear Daily, Rolling Stone, Cosmopolitan, Elle, and The New York Times. Among his creative endeavors, he has done volcanic research and photography, has co-directed a science documentary film, founded a fine fragrance company, and has authored a book on photography, "Real Views", scheduled to be released in 2022.
Biography
The son of Cleveland and Lillian Hopkins, Douglas Hopkins grew up in Alaska and Boston. As a young man, Hopkins worked as a ranch hand in Montana. In high school he spent a year in Europe studying German. He attended the University of California, San Diego where he majored in physics and German literature. He later attended MIT, where he became a senior staff member of the MIT Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences.
At MIT he designed and deployed a system for measuring the ballistics of volcano eruptions. From 1971 to 1973 he worked on the top of several live volcanic sites, including the Italian islands of Sicily and Stromboli, as well as Guatemala and Chile. Hopkins' interest in commercial photography began to emerge while taking personal close-hand photographs of volcanic eruptions. A later radio interview deemed this as the world's most dangerous job.
In 1972 Hopkins completed an intensive program in teaching visual awareness with the reclusive Massachusetts Institute of Technology photography professor, Minor White, author of The Zone System Manual and colleague of Ansel Adams. With Dr. Kathleen Crane, Hopkins co-directed the science documentary film "Heat". The film, funded by the Charles Lindbergh Foundation, explained geothermal phenomena.
Hopkins pursued a twenty-year career in commercial photography that has included staff, freelance, and consulting work. He has worked for numerous fashion, beauty, travel, and general publications, and his photographs have appeared in posters, books, and on national television. During his early years, Hopkins was innovative in the use of the computer for photography-related & business purposes, the first US photo studio to computerize, using the early, dual processor, Digital Equipment Corp (DEC) PC.
In the mid-1980s, at the beginning of the period known as perestroika, Hopkins traveled to Eastern Europe and became interested in fine fragrances found back in the USSR. After several years of negotiation the world rights to the leading Soviet men’s cologne, Prastara, were obtained. In 1989, Hopkins founded his own luxury fragrance company purveying to the world's top fashion retailers..In January 1999, while on the Internet, Hopkins met a Russian woman, Oksana Katsuro, and began conversing with her via email. At the time, Ms. Katsuro was living and working as a nuclear engineer in Obninsk, Russia. In August 1999, Ms. Katsuro moved to New York and on November 6 of that year, she and Hopkins were married. This became a subject of the vaulted New York Times "Vows" wedding column, later reproduced with fashion magazine coverage, then interpreted in the art film "Birthday Girl", starring Nicole Kidman. Mrs. Hopkins obtained her PhD in fusion physics from Columbia University and divorced. They have one daughter, Liliana.Most recently, Hopkins has written a textbook, "Real Views", teaching his seminar teaching studies with the famed photographer Minor White's existential method of "heightened visual awareness". This is scheduled to be released in 2023. Hopkins currently lives in New York City and continues to direct his fragrance company.
Photography
Hopkins' approach to photography was influenced by the intensive visual awareness training program he took with MIT professor, famed, reclusive Minor White.
Some of Hopkins' early photographs of volcano eruptions appeared in popular and technical publications and textbooks. Working in this environment could be dangerous; regarding one of these photographs, Hopkins made the notation: "About 100 feet away. Almost ate it." During this period, his first photographic cover was published by “Harvard”, the university alumni magazine.
After assisting several Boston commercial and portrait photographers, Hopkins' first job in commercial photography was as a staff photographer for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. By the early 1980s, Hopkins had free-lanced for Women's Wear Daily, Vogue, Mademoiselle, and Self.At that time, Hopkins was already using computers in his work to keep track of business contacts and to record photo shoot details, photo credits, and expenses. Having a technical background, he built a computer (a CPM-based Heathkit machine) and wrote early business programs. His early computer work is described in a 1985 article which includes a picture of Hopkins with a young model in the background. He commented that this was the model's first shooting and she was so excited by the event that she fainted to the floor shortly after the photo was taken.During his photography career, Hopkins free-lanced for W, WWD, Vogue, Connoisseur, Harvard Magazine, Rolling Stone, Mademoiselle, Elle, Barrons, Cosmopolitan, New York Times, Revlon, Clairol, and L'Oreal. Some interesting comments on his work:
Hopkins photographed a cover shot for W magazine that featured Calvin Klein's first, post-designer jeans; high-fashion gowns, with supermodel Janice Dickinson in a busy Times Square street. The cover was important because of the clothes worn by Ms. Dickenson and was said by the publisher of W, John Fairchild, to be the best cover of W magazine in 30 years. Hopkins was almost struck by a taxi when shooting, grabbing the flash of a cab's color identical to the gown, the cover. A quick-acting assistant grabbed him.
In the early 1980s, Hopkins photographed an aerial view of a Steinway Concert Grand piano, and the image became available as an art poster. Henry Z. Steinway would say that this photograph was “The best photo of a Steinway ever made.”
Hopkins photographed a book cover portrait for MIT professor and author Dr. Sherry Turkle. Wired magazine published a cover story on Dr. Turkle and noted that the photo was an emblematic turning point in her life.Among the personalities Hopkins has photographed are especially his decades aside Kerry Kennedy, the family including Caroline Kennedy, and Hillary Clinton, Tim Cook, Robert De Niro, Phoebe & Valerie Cates, Sharon Stone, Alexandra Paul, Mia Farrow & children, and Andy Warhol in Hopkins' studio, his last portrait.Hopkins has remained active in the photography field through commissioned portraits, exhibits, design awards, articles, lecturing, and teaching at The New School in New York City. He has also served as a consultant to clients such as Polaroid and Fuji.Regarding his new book, "Real Views", Hopkins calls it "lessons to a personal creative vision" for amateur digital photographers, a manual of heightened visual awareness. "I would like to enhance the amateur photographer’s ability to endow lasting images of ambiance and emotion."
Media coverage
Hopkins has received professional coverage in publications such as Graphis, The New York Times (op-ed, article co-author and photography), Popular Photography (cover), American Photographer (cover), and Photo District News. He has appeared on numerous television shows, sometimes with his wife Oksana. Some of these shows include The Montel Show, Star Search, and Inside Edition. He has also appeared on Internet shows such as Rocketboom.
Perfume development
In 1989, Hopkins started the fragrance company Douglas Hopkins and Company, at first based in his duplex on the Upper East Side in New York City. In industry terms, the company is referred to as an international atelier perfumer.
Hopkins' company states that his products are based on centuries-old formulas and are packaged like perfumes in a Parisian apothecary. His products have been sold at Bergdorf Goodman in New York City, the Versaille museum, Galeries Lafayette in Paris, and others.
Hopkins' original mentor in perfume production was George Diamond, who holds many patents in perfume production. Hopkins and Diamond had initially intended to create a "Valentina" fragrance, named for the ballerina Valentina Kozlova, whom Hopkins had photographed. Hopkins determined that higher-quality Russian cosmetics were mostly made in Eastern Europe.
After the Berlin wall went down, Hopkins and Diamond went to Eastern Europe looking for investments. They were invited to cosmetic factories where production was still done in a primitive manner, using mostly manual labor and horse-drawn carts. Although Diamond had returned to the United States, on the last day of his trip Hopkins stumbled upon a tiny remote fragrance plant. The factory was a Communist-run coop that made one fragrance called Prastara. Hopkins acquired the Prostara trademark, which allowed him to market the fragrance worldwide, except in Russia.
Hopkins questioned the previous owners and determined that the fragrance probably originated with the chemist of Louis XV of France, because the king's mistress (and later his wife) Marie Leczinska was of Polish royalty.
As a result of his portrait work, Douglas became friends with a young German engineer and his wife who were from old European families. On one occasion when Hopkins was visiting the family at a castle in Austria, he was able to do some research on Prostara in their library. There he discovered a rare 18th-century perfuming manual, which helped define the future direction of the company.Douglas Hopkins' women's fragrances include Åse, Zazou, and Prastara. Men's fragrances include Prastara Royal and Prastara Blue. Hopkins describes Zazou as "the California scent with a hint of sanity."Hopkins has an interesting perspective on the fragrance industry:
The company also sells Geothermology, a personal treatment line, launched in 2005 with 35 products. This line "offers the volcanic and natural mineral substances derived from multiple, active, naturally occurring geothermal healing sources around the world".
References
External links
www.PerfumeFactory.org
www.DouglasHopkins.com
www.picasaweb.google.com/DouglasHopkins
www.flickr.com/photos/DoHop.
|
given name
|
{
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Flame Vein is the first studio album by Bump of Chicken, released on March 18, 1999. One track, "Arue", was later released as a limited print single. Another, "Little Braver", was later released on the "Lamp" single as a B-side. It was re-released on April 28, 2004, as Flame Vein +1 and included the song "Battle Cry" from B-side of the "Lamp" single.
Track listing
All tracks written by Fujiwara Motoo.
"Glass no Blues" (ガラスのブルース, Garasu no Burūsu) — 6:19
"Trifling Song" (くだらない唄, Kudaranai Uta) — 4:03
"Arue" (アルエ, R.A.) — 4:18
"Little Braver" (リトルブレイバー, Ritorubureibā) — 5:13
"No Hit No Run" (ノーヒットノーラン, Nōhittonōran) — 4:25
"Special Song" (とっておきの唄, Totteoki no Uta) — 5:35
"Knife" (ナイフ, Naifu) — 6:31Flame Vein +1 re-release version
"Battle Cry" (バトルクライ, Batorukurai) — 4:37
Personnel
Fujiwara Motoo — (藤原 基央) Guitar, vocals
Masukawa Hiroaki — (増川 弘明) Guitar
Naoi Yoshifumi — (直井 由文) Bass
Masu Hideo — (升 秀夫) Drums
External links
Flame Vein at the official Bump of Chicken website.
|
instance of
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{
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31
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"text": [
"album"
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|
Flame Vein is the first studio album by Bump of Chicken, released on March 18, 1999. One track, "Arue", was later released as a limited print single. Another, "Little Braver", was later released on the "Lamp" single as a B-side. It was re-released on April 28, 2004, as Flame Vein +1 and included the song "Battle Cry" from B-side of the "Lamp" single.
Track listing
All tracks written by Fujiwara Motoo.
"Glass no Blues" (ガラスのブルース, Garasu no Burūsu) — 6:19
"Trifling Song" (くだらない唄, Kudaranai Uta) — 4:03
"Arue" (アルエ, R.A.) — 4:18
"Little Braver" (リトルブレイバー, Ritorubureibā) — 5:13
"No Hit No Run" (ノーヒットノーラン, Nōhittonōran) — 4:25
"Special Song" (とっておきの唄, Totteoki no Uta) — 5:35
"Knife" (ナイフ, Naifu) — 6:31Flame Vein +1 re-release version
"Battle Cry" (バトルクライ, Batorukurai) — 4:37
Personnel
Fujiwara Motoo — (藤原 基央) Guitar, vocals
Masukawa Hiroaki — (増川 弘明) Guitar
Naoi Yoshifumi — (直井 由文) Bass
Masu Hideo — (升 秀夫) Drums
External links
Flame Vein at the official Bump of Chicken website.
|
performer
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{
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40
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"text": [
"Bump of Chicken"
]
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|
Vadde Ramesh (11 October 1947 – 21 November 2013) was an Indian film producer who produced movies in the Hindi and Telugu languages.
Background
Ramesh was born on 11 October 1947 in Elamarru Village of Krishna District. He made his debut in Telugu Film Industry in 1976 with the film Padavoi Bharateeyuda which was directed by Dasari Narayana Rao.
Death
Ramesh died on 21 November 2013 at KIMS hospital, Hyderabad, following cancer.
Filmography
Karnaa (1995) (Tamil)
Sri Edu Kondala Swami (1991)
Lankeswarudu (1989)
Viswanatha Nayakudu (1987)
Bobbili Puli (1982)
Rangoon Rowdy (1979)
Katakatala Rudrayya (1978)
References
External links
Vadde Ramesh at IMDb
Times Of India News - Producer Vadde Ramesh Passes away
Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Telugu Film Producer Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Hero Vadde Naveen father is no more
|
place of death
|
{
"answer_start": [
407
],
"text": [
"Hyderabad"
]
}
|
Vadde Ramesh (11 October 1947 – 21 November 2013) was an Indian film producer who produced movies in the Hindi and Telugu languages.
Background
Ramesh was born on 11 October 1947 in Elamarru Village of Krishna District. He made his debut in Telugu Film Industry in 1976 with the film Padavoi Bharateeyuda which was directed by Dasari Narayana Rao.
Death
Ramesh died on 21 November 2013 at KIMS hospital, Hyderabad, following cancer.
Filmography
Karnaa (1995) (Tamil)
Sri Edu Kondala Swami (1991)
Lankeswarudu (1989)
Viswanatha Nayakudu (1987)
Bobbili Puli (1982)
Rangoon Rowdy (1979)
Katakatala Rudrayya (1978)
References
External links
Vadde Ramesh at IMDb
Times Of India News - Producer Vadde Ramesh Passes away
Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Telugu Film Producer Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Hero Vadde Naveen father is no more
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"India"
]
}
|
Vadde Ramesh (11 October 1947 – 21 November 2013) was an Indian film producer who produced movies in the Hindi and Telugu languages.
Background
Ramesh was born on 11 October 1947 in Elamarru Village of Krishna District. He made his debut in Telugu Film Industry in 1976 with the film Padavoi Bharateeyuda which was directed by Dasari Narayana Rao.
Death
Ramesh died on 21 November 2013 at KIMS hospital, Hyderabad, following cancer.
Filmography
Karnaa (1995) (Tamil)
Sri Edu Kondala Swami (1991)
Lankeswarudu (1989)
Viswanatha Nayakudu (1987)
Bobbili Puli (1982)
Rangoon Rowdy (1979)
Katakatala Rudrayya (1978)
References
External links
Vadde Ramesh at IMDb
Times Of India News - Producer Vadde Ramesh Passes away
Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Telugu Film Producer Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Hero Vadde Naveen father is no more
|
child
|
{
"answer_start": [
801
],
"text": [
"Vadde Naveen"
]
}
|
Vadde Ramesh (11 October 1947 – 21 November 2013) was an Indian film producer who produced movies in the Hindi and Telugu languages.
Background
Ramesh was born on 11 October 1947 in Elamarru Village of Krishna District. He made his debut in Telugu Film Industry in 1976 with the film Padavoi Bharateeyuda which was directed by Dasari Narayana Rao.
Death
Ramesh died on 21 November 2013 at KIMS hospital, Hyderabad, following cancer.
Filmography
Karnaa (1995) (Tamil)
Sri Edu Kondala Swami (1991)
Lankeswarudu (1989)
Viswanatha Nayakudu (1987)
Bobbili Puli (1982)
Rangoon Rowdy (1979)
Katakatala Rudrayya (1978)
References
External links
Vadde Ramesh at IMDb
Times Of India News - Producer Vadde Ramesh Passes away
Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Telugu Film Producer Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Hero Vadde Naveen father is no more
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"film producer"
]
}
|
Vadde Ramesh (11 October 1947 – 21 November 2013) was an Indian film producer who produced movies in the Hindi and Telugu languages.
Background
Ramesh was born on 11 October 1947 in Elamarru Village of Krishna District. He made his debut in Telugu Film Industry in 1976 with the film Padavoi Bharateeyuda which was directed by Dasari Narayana Rao.
Death
Ramesh died on 21 November 2013 at KIMS hospital, Hyderabad, following cancer.
Filmography
Karnaa (1995) (Tamil)
Sri Edu Kondala Swami (1991)
Lankeswarudu (1989)
Viswanatha Nayakudu (1987)
Bobbili Puli (1982)
Rangoon Rowdy (1979)
Katakatala Rudrayya (1978)
References
External links
Vadde Ramesh at IMDb
Times Of India News - Producer Vadde Ramesh Passes away
Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Telugu Film Producer Vadde Ramesh Dies of Cancer
Hero Vadde Naveen father is no more
|
residence
|
{
"answer_start": [
407
],
"text": [
"Hyderabad"
]
}
|
Events in the year 1878 in Brazil.
Incumbents
Monarch – Pedro II
Prime Minister – Duke of Caxias (until 5 January), Viscount of Sinimbu (starting 5 January)
Events
Births
Deaths
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"Brazil"
]
}
|
Events in the year 1878 in Brazil.
Incumbents
Monarch – Pedro II
Prime Minister – Duke of Caxias (until 5 January), Viscount of Sinimbu (starting 5 January)
Events
Births
Deaths
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"1878 in Brazil"
]
}
|
Data Design System AS (DDS) supplies the construction industry with software tools for building information modelling (BIM).
The company was founded in 1984 in Stavanger, Norway. In 2021, the company merged into Graphisoft. in the Nemetschek Group.
DDS is an active member of buildingSMART. DDS has its headquarters at Stavanger, Norway. Other locations include Oslo and Bergen (both in Norway). DDS has several subsidiaries, among them DDS Building Innovation AS and Data Design System GmbH.The main product line is tools for building services/MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) engineers.
The company distributes DDScad MEP, mainly in continental Europe from its office in Ascheberg, Germany.
The company also develops software tools for the design and production of timber-frame buildings, DDScad Architect & Construction, from its office in Stavanger.
See also
Comparison of CAD editors for AEC
Comparison of CAD, CAM and CAE file viewers
References
External links
Official website
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"Norway"
]
}
|
Data Design System AS (DDS) supplies the construction industry with software tools for building information modelling (BIM).
The company was founded in 1984 in Stavanger, Norway. In 2021, the company merged into Graphisoft. in the Nemetschek Group.
DDS is an active member of buildingSMART. DDS has its headquarters at Stavanger, Norway. Other locations include Oslo and Bergen (both in Norway). DDS has several subsidiaries, among them DDS Building Innovation AS and Data Design System GmbH.The main product line is tools for building services/MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) engineers.
The company distributes DDScad MEP, mainly in continental Europe from its office in Ascheberg, Germany.
The company also develops software tools for the design and production of timber-frame buildings, DDScad Architect & Construction, from its office in Stavanger.
See also
Comparison of CAD editors for AEC
Comparison of CAD, CAM and CAE file viewers
References
External links
Official website
|
industry
|
{
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"software"
]
}
|
Data Design System AS (DDS) supplies the construction industry with software tools for building information modelling (BIM).
The company was founded in 1984 in Stavanger, Norway. In 2021, the company merged into Graphisoft. in the Nemetschek Group.
DDS is an active member of buildingSMART. DDS has its headquarters at Stavanger, Norway. Other locations include Oslo and Bergen (both in Norway). DDS has several subsidiaries, among them DDS Building Innovation AS and Data Design System GmbH.The main product line is tools for building services/MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) engineers.
The company distributes DDScad MEP, mainly in continental Europe from its office in Ascheberg, Germany.
The company also develops software tools for the design and production of timber-frame buildings, DDScad Architect & Construction, from its office in Stavanger.
See also
Comparison of CAD editors for AEC
Comparison of CAD, CAM and CAE file viewers
References
External links
Official website
|
official name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Data Design System AS"
]
}
|
Ephippioceratidae is a family of clydonatilacean nautilids with shells as in the Liroceratidae but with sutures that have deep ventral and dorsal saddles. This group, which contains two genera, Ephippioceras and Megaglossoceras, has a range from the Mississippian to the Lower Permian.
Ephippioceras, which has the full range of the family, has a broad, narrowly peaked ( V-shaped) ventral saddle and may have been derived from Liroceras early in the Mississippian. Megaglossoceras from the Pennsylvanian of North America, with its large, broadly arched, tongue-like ventral saddle is an obvious offshoot of Ephippioceras. Both are subglobular and involute with a reniform whorl section. Ephippioceras has been found in North America, Europe, and China.
References
Bernhard Kummel, 1964. Nautiloidea -Nautilida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K. Geol Soc of America and Univ of Kansas press, R.C. Moore (ed)
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"family"
]
}
|
Ephippioceratidae is a family of clydonatilacean nautilids with shells as in the Liroceratidae but with sutures that have deep ventral and dorsal saddles. This group, which contains two genera, Ephippioceras and Megaglossoceras, has a range from the Mississippian to the Lower Permian.
Ephippioceras, which has the full range of the family, has a broad, narrowly peaked ( V-shaped) ventral saddle and may have been derived from Liroceras early in the Mississippian. Megaglossoceras from the Pennsylvanian of North America, with its large, broadly arched, tongue-like ventral saddle is an obvious offshoot of Ephippioceras. Both are subglobular and involute with a reniform whorl section. Ephippioceras has been found in North America, Europe, and China.
References
Bernhard Kummel, 1964. Nautiloidea -Nautilida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K. Geol Soc of America and Univ of Kansas press, R.C. Moore (ed)
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ephippioceratidae"
]
}
|
9mm Parabellum Bullet (キューミリ・パラベラム・バレット, Kyūmiri Paraberamu Baretto) is a Japanese rock band, formed in March 2004 in Yokohama. It consists of vocalist and rhythm guitarist Takuro Sugawara, guitarist and backing vocalist Yoshimitsu Taki, bassist Kazuhiko Nakamura, and drummer Chihiro Kamijo, who came up with the band's name. Piano pieces included in some songs are performed by Taki, while the characteristic shouts are provided by Nakamura.
History
2005–2009: Early releases and major label debut
The band signed to under_bar, a sub-label of Reverb Records, and released two early mini-albums, Gjallarhorn in 2005 and Phantomime in 2006, and played live shows in Yokohama and Tokyo.2007 saw the band signed to EMI Music Japan and the releases of The World e.p. which featured newly recorded version of songs from Gjallarhorn and two new tracks, and the Discommunication e.p., which features the song "Discommunication" and a 35-minute live recording. At the end of 2007 they released their first full album, Termination, after which they began their first solo tour.In the summer of 2008 the band released the double A-side single "Supernova/Wanderland", which also included piano instrumentals of both songs and a third song called "Wildpitch". 9mm Parabellum Bullet were invited to play at Asian Kung-Fu Generation's Nano-Mugen Festival that year at the Yokohama Arena, a festival notable for featuring up-and-coming acts alongside more well known and foreign acts. They covered "Motorbreath" for the October 2008 Metallica tribute album Metal-ikka.In October the band released their second full album Vampire and proceeded onto the Vampire Empire Tour 08/09. In April 2009, the band released their first live DVD, Act I, which contains 4 concerts from different points in their career.
2009–2011: Revolutionary and Movement
In late spring of 2009, the band released the mini-album Black Market Blues e.p., which also included a recording of their free live performance at Yoyogi Park as a B-side. 2009 also saw 9mm Parabellum Bullet's first nomination at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan for "Best Rock Video", where they were nominated for the video of their song "Living Dying Message". They also performed this song live at the show.
9mm Parabellum Bullet appeared at numerous rock festivals across Japan notably including Rock in Japan Festival, Rising Sun Rock Festival and Space Shower's Sweet Love Shower. On September 9, 2009, 9mm Parabellum Bullet had their first show at the Nippon Budokan titled 999. This performance would appear on the Cold Edge e.p., released on September 30.
9mm Parabellum Bullet were invited to play at Countdown Japan 09/10. In early-January they released the single "Inochi no Zenmai", which was used as the theme for the live-action adaptation of the Higanjima manga. The single includes a cover of Linda Yamamoto's 1972 song "Dou ni mo Tomaranai". It was announced that April 21, 2010, would be the date of 9mm Parabellum Bullet's third full album release, titled Revolutionary. It was followed by a tour across Japan. In late March, a music video was shot for the last track of the new album, called "The Revolutionary".
On May 18, 2011, the single "Atarashii Hikari" was released. The band's fourth album Movement was released on June 15. They also performed at Yokohama Arena on June 26.
2012–present: Dawning and Waltz on Life Line
9mm Parabellum Bullet covered "Territorial Pissings" for the album Nevermind Tribute, which was released on April 4, 2012 and is composed of various Japanese bands covering the entirety of Nirvana's highly acclaimed album Nevermind. Their first acoustic performance for MTV Unplugged was held at Billboard Live Tokyo with a limited capacity of 150 fans and released on home video on May 27. Their fourth single "Heart ni Hi wo Tsukete" followed on October 24, 2012.On April 1, 2013, EMI Music Japan was completely merged into Universal Music Japan as a sublabel by the name EMI Records Japan as a result of Universal Music's purchase of EMI in September 2012. All the artists from EMI Music Japan will continue releasing material at Universal Music Japan while still maintaining the catalogue code (TOCT). Their fifth single "Answer and Answer" was released on May 29. 9mm Parabellum Bullet released their fifth album Dawning on June 26, 2013.They performed a cover of "Instant Music" for the February 2014 The Pillows tribute album, Rock and Sympathy.The band took part in the first day of Luna Sea's Lunatic Fest at Makuhari Messe on June 27, 2015. Luna Sea bassist J joined them onstage for "Cold Edge". 9mm Parabellum Bullet released a quadruple A-side single, "Hangyaku no March/Dark Horse/Daremo Shiranai/Mad Pierrot", on September 9. They also contributed a cover to a November 2015 tribute album for The Telephones, We are Disco!!! ~Tribute to The Telephones~.In January 2016, 9mm Parabellum Bullet announced they had switched to the independent record label Sazanga Records. The album Waltz on Life Line was released on April 27, 2016. The band provided the opening theme songs "Inferno" and "Sacrifice" for the Berserk anime adaptation.
Band members
Takuro Sugawara (菅原 卓郎, Sugawara Takurō) – vocals, rhythm guitar
Yoshimitsu Taki (滝 善充, Taki Yoshimitsu) – lead guitar, piano, backing vocals
Kazuhiko Nakamura (中村 和彦, Nakamura Kazuhiko) – bass, screams
Chihiro Kamijo (かみじょう ちひろ, Kamijō Chihiro) – drums
Equipment
Sugawara
Guitars - ESP
ESP Snapper-S/AL (Black, Vintage White)
Gibson Les Paul Special
Edwards Jr. Custom
Navigator N-LP-480CTM
Navigator N-LP-480LTD
ESP TYG (Takuro Sugawara Signature Model)
ESP Bricoleur (Takuro Sugawara Signature Model)
ESP Truckster (James Hetfield Signature Model)
Amps - Marshall, Fender
Fender Twin Reverb
Marshall JCM2000
Marshall Vintage Modern 2466 Amp Head
Marshall 1960AV
Marshall JCM800 2203
Marshall 1960X
Taki
Guitars - ESP
ESP Snapper-S/AS (Honey Blond, Burner)
ESP Snapper-S/AS Matte Black (SUFFER Protomodel)
ESP Potbelly-STD (Amber Cherry Sunburst)
ESP Suffer (Yoshimitsu Taki Signature Model)
ESP Suffer Proto Type
ESP Max Cavalera AX (Max Cavalera Signature Model)
Edwards Karmaster
Amps - Mesa/Boogie
Mesa/Boogie Dual Rectifier
Mesa/Boogie Triple Rectifier
Mesa/Boogie F-100
Yamaha F50-112
Nakamura
Guitars - ESP
ESP AP 220 (Black)
ESP AP Custom Mat Black (Untitled Protomodel)
ESP Untitled (Kazuhiko Nakamura Signature Model)
ESP PB Type Custom
ESP Amaze-CTM (See Thru Black)
ESP X-JB (Acrylic Body)
Sepia Crue EAB-430 Acoustic Bass
Landscape SWB-Artist Electric Upright Bass
Amps - SWR
SWR 750x
Kamijo
Kamijo is a full endorser of Yamaha drums, Remo drumheads, and Zildjian cymbals and drumsticks. Kamijo was a former user of Ludwig drums (notably the Vistalite series) prior to his switch to Yamaha, and has his signature model of drumsticks on Zildjian's website.
Drums - Yamaha Birch Custom Absolute, Blue Ice Sparkle
8"x10" Tom
8"x12" Tom
13"x14" Floor Tom
15"x16" Floor Tom
22"x18" Bass Drum (x2)
6"x14" Snare Drum (as side snare)
6.5"x14" Copper Snare
Cymbals - Zildjian
14" A Custom Hi-Hats
6" Zil-Bel Small
8" A Custom Splash
10" A Custom Splash
12" Z3 Splash
12" A Zildjian Special Recording Hi-hat Bottom
18" A Custom Projection Crash
19" Z3 Rock Crash
19" Z3 Thrash Ride
20" A Custom China
20" FX Oriental China "Trash"
Drumheads - Remo
Bass Drums - Powerstroke 3 Clear (batter) | Ebony Powerstroke 3 (reso)
Toms - Emperor Clear (batter) | Ambassador Clear (reso)
Snare - Controlled Sound Reverse Dot (main, batter) / Black Suede Emperor (side, batter) | Ambassador Snare Side (reso)
Hardware – Yamaha, DW
Yamaha FP9500 Direct Drive Single Pedal (x2)
DW 9000 Pedal (x2)
Drumsticks – Zildjian
Zildjian 3A Wood Tip
Zildjian Chihiro Kamijo Artist Series Drumsticks
Guitar – Gibson
Gibson Les Paul Standard (Blue)
Discography
Studio albums
Mini albums
Singles
Compilation albums
Covers
Demos
Home videos
Awards and nominations
MTV Video Music Awards Japan
See also
Japanese rock
References
External links
Official website
Official blog
|
record label
|
{
"answer_start": [
714
],
"text": [
"EMI Music Japan"
]
}
|
9mm Parabellum Bullet (キューミリ・パラベラム・バレット, Kyūmiri Paraberamu Baretto) is a Japanese rock band, formed in March 2004 in Yokohama. It consists of vocalist and rhythm guitarist Takuro Sugawara, guitarist and backing vocalist Yoshimitsu Taki, bassist Kazuhiko Nakamura, and drummer Chihiro Kamijo, who came up with the band's name. Piano pieces included in some songs are performed by Taki, while the characteristic shouts are provided by Nakamura.
History
2005–2009: Early releases and major label debut
The band signed to under_bar, a sub-label of Reverb Records, and released two early mini-albums, Gjallarhorn in 2005 and Phantomime in 2006, and played live shows in Yokohama and Tokyo.2007 saw the band signed to EMI Music Japan and the releases of The World e.p. which featured newly recorded version of songs from Gjallarhorn and two new tracks, and the Discommunication e.p., which features the song "Discommunication" and a 35-minute live recording. At the end of 2007 they released their first full album, Termination, after which they began their first solo tour.In the summer of 2008 the band released the double A-side single "Supernova/Wanderland", which also included piano instrumentals of both songs and a third song called "Wildpitch". 9mm Parabellum Bullet were invited to play at Asian Kung-Fu Generation's Nano-Mugen Festival that year at the Yokohama Arena, a festival notable for featuring up-and-coming acts alongside more well known and foreign acts. They covered "Motorbreath" for the October 2008 Metallica tribute album Metal-ikka.In October the band released their second full album Vampire and proceeded onto the Vampire Empire Tour 08/09. In April 2009, the band released their first live DVD, Act I, which contains 4 concerts from different points in their career.
2009–2011: Revolutionary and Movement
In late spring of 2009, the band released the mini-album Black Market Blues e.p., which also included a recording of their free live performance at Yoyogi Park as a B-side. 2009 also saw 9mm Parabellum Bullet's first nomination at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan for "Best Rock Video", where they were nominated for the video of their song "Living Dying Message". They also performed this song live at the show.
9mm Parabellum Bullet appeared at numerous rock festivals across Japan notably including Rock in Japan Festival, Rising Sun Rock Festival and Space Shower's Sweet Love Shower. On September 9, 2009, 9mm Parabellum Bullet had their first show at the Nippon Budokan titled 999. This performance would appear on the Cold Edge e.p., released on September 30.
9mm Parabellum Bullet were invited to play at Countdown Japan 09/10. In early-January they released the single "Inochi no Zenmai", which was used as the theme for the live-action adaptation of the Higanjima manga. The single includes a cover of Linda Yamamoto's 1972 song "Dou ni mo Tomaranai". It was announced that April 21, 2010, would be the date of 9mm Parabellum Bullet's third full album release, titled Revolutionary. It was followed by a tour across Japan. In late March, a music video was shot for the last track of the new album, called "The Revolutionary".
On May 18, 2011, the single "Atarashii Hikari" was released. The band's fourth album Movement was released on June 15. They also performed at Yokohama Arena on June 26.
2012–present: Dawning and Waltz on Life Line
9mm Parabellum Bullet covered "Territorial Pissings" for the album Nevermind Tribute, which was released on April 4, 2012 and is composed of various Japanese bands covering the entirety of Nirvana's highly acclaimed album Nevermind. Their first acoustic performance for MTV Unplugged was held at Billboard Live Tokyo with a limited capacity of 150 fans and released on home video on May 27. Their fourth single "Heart ni Hi wo Tsukete" followed on October 24, 2012.On April 1, 2013, EMI Music Japan was completely merged into Universal Music Japan as a sublabel by the name EMI Records Japan as a result of Universal Music's purchase of EMI in September 2012. All the artists from EMI Music Japan will continue releasing material at Universal Music Japan while still maintaining the catalogue code (TOCT). Their fifth single "Answer and Answer" was released on May 29. 9mm Parabellum Bullet released their fifth album Dawning on June 26, 2013.They performed a cover of "Instant Music" for the February 2014 The Pillows tribute album, Rock and Sympathy.The band took part in the first day of Luna Sea's Lunatic Fest at Makuhari Messe on June 27, 2015. Luna Sea bassist J joined them onstage for "Cold Edge". 9mm Parabellum Bullet released a quadruple A-side single, "Hangyaku no March/Dark Horse/Daremo Shiranai/Mad Pierrot", on September 9. They also contributed a cover to a November 2015 tribute album for The Telephones, We are Disco!!! ~Tribute to The Telephones~.In January 2016, 9mm Parabellum Bullet announced they had switched to the independent record label Sazanga Records. The album Waltz on Life Line was released on April 27, 2016. The band provided the opening theme songs "Inferno" and "Sacrifice" for the Berserk anime adaptation.
Band members
Takuro Sugawara (菅原 卓郎, Sugawara Takurō) – vocals, rhythm guitar
Yoshimitsu Taki (滝 善充, Taki Yoshimitsu) – lead guitar, piano, backing vocals
Kazuhiko Nakamura (中村 和彦, Nakamura Kazuhiko) – bass, screams
Chihiro Kamijo (かみじょう ちひろ, Kamijō Chihiro) – drums
Equipment
Sugawara
Guitars - ESP
ESP Snapper-S/AL (Black, Vintage White)
Gibson Les Paul Special
Edwards Jr. Custom
Navigator N-LP-480CTM
Navigator N-LP-480LTD
ESP TYG (Takuro Sugawara Signature Model)
ESP Bricoleur (Takuro Sugawara Signature Model)
ESP Truckster (James Hetfield Signature Model)
Amps - Marshall, Fender
Fender Twin Reverb
Marshall JCM2000
Marshall Vintage Modern 2466 Amp Head
Marshall 1960AV
Marshall JCM800 2203
Marshall 1960X
Taki
Guitars - ESP
ESP Snapper-S/AS (Honey Blond, Burner)
ESP Snapper-S/AS Matte Black (SUFFER Protomodel)
ESP Potbelly-STD (Amber Cherry Sunburst)
ESP Suffer (Yoshimitsu Taki Signature Model)
ESP Suffer Proto Type
ESP Max Cavalera AX (Max Cavalera Signature Model)
Edwards Karmaster
Amps - Mesa/Boogie
Mesa/Boogie Dual Rectifier
Mesa/Boogie Triple Rectifier
Mesa/Boogie F-100
Yamaha F50-112
Nakamura
Guitars - ESP
ESP AP 220 (Black)
ESP AP Custom Mat Black (Untitled Protomodel)
ESP Untitled (Kazuhiko Nakamura Signature Model)
ESP PB Type Custom
ESP Amaze-CTM (See Thru Black)
ESP X-JB (Acrylic Body)
Sepia Crue EAB-430 Acoustic Bass
Landscape SWB-Artist Electric Upright Bass
Amps - SWR
SWR 750x
Kamijo
Kamijo is a full endorser of Yamaha drums, Remo drumheads, and Zildjian cymbals and drumsticks. Kamijo was a former user of Ludwig drums (notably the Vistalite series) prior to his switch to Yamaha, and has his signature model of drumsticks on Zildjian's website.
Drums - Yamaha Birch Custom Absolute, Blue Ice Sparkle
8"x10" Tom
8"x12" Tom
13"x14" Floor Tom
15"x16" Floor Tom
22"x18" Bass Drum (x2)
6"x14" Snare Drum (as side snare)
6.5"x14" Copper Snare
Cymbals - Zildjian
14" A Custom Hi-Hats
6" Zil-Bel Small
8" A Custom Splash
10" A Custom Splash
12" Z3 Splash
12" A Zildjian Special Recording Hi-hat Bottom
18" A Custom Projection Crash
19" Z3 Rock Crash
19" Z3 Thrash Ride
20" A Custom China
20" FX Oriental China "Trash"
Drumheads - Remo
Bass Drums - Powerstroke 3 Clear (batter) | Ebony Powerstroke 3 (reso)
Toms - Emperor Clear (batter) | Ambassador Clear (reso)
Snare - Controlled Sound Reverse Dot (main, batter) / Black Suede Emperor (side, batter) | Ambassador Snare Side (reso)
Hardware – Yamaha, DW
Yamaha FP9500 Direct Drive Single Pedal (x2)
DW 9000 Pedal (x2)
Drumsticks – Zildjian
Zildjian 3A Wood Tip
Zildjian Chihiro Kamijo Artist Series Drumsticks
Guitar – Gibson
Gibson Les Paul Standard (Blue)
Discography
Studio albums
Mini albums
Singles
Compilation albums
Covers
Demos
Home videos
Awards and nominations
MTV Video Music Awards Japan
See also
Japanese rock
References
External links
Official website
Official blog
|
country of origin
|
{
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"Japan"
]
}
|
9mm Parabellum Bullet (キューミリ・パラベラム・バレット, Kyūmiri Paraberamu Baretto) is a Japanese rock band, formed in March 2004 in Yokohama. It consists of vocalist and rhythm guitarist Takuro Sugawara, guitarist and backing vocalist Yoshimitsu Taki, bassist Kazuhiko Nakamura, and drummer Chihiro Kamijo, who came up with the band's name. Piano pieces included in some songs are performed by Taki, while the characteristic shouts are provided by Nakamura.
History
2005–2009: Early releases and major label debut
The band signed to under_bar, a sub-label of Reverb Records, and released two early mini-albums, Gjallarhorn in 2005 and Phantomime in 2006, and played live shows in Yokohama and Tokyo.2007 saw the band signed to EMI Music Japan and the releases of The World e.p. which featured newly recorded version of songs from Gjallarhorn and two new tracks, and the Discommunication e.p., which features the song "Discommunication" and a 35-minute live recording. At the end of 2007 they released their first full album, Termination, after which they began their first solo tour.In the summer of 2008 the band released the double A-side single "Supernova/Wanderland", which also included piano instrumentals of both songs and a third song called "Wildpitch". 9mm Parabellum Bullet were invited to play at Asian Kung-Fu Generation's Nano-Mugen Festival that year at the Yokohama Arena, a festival notable for featuring up-and-coming acts alongside more well known and foreign acts. They covered "Motorbreath" for the October 2008 Metallica tribute album Metal-ikka.In October the band released their second full album Vampire and proceeded onto the Vampire Empire Tour 08/09. In April 2009, the band released their first live DVD, Act I, which contains 4 concerts from different points in their career.
2009–2011: Revolutionary and Movement
In late spring of 2009, the band released the mini-album Black Market Blues e.p., which also included a recording of their free live performance at Yoyogi Park as a B-side. 2009 also saw 9mm Parabellum Bullet's first nomination at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan for "Best Rock Video", where they were nominated for the video of their song "Living Dying Message". They also performed this song live at the show.
9mm Parabellum Bullet appeared at numerous rock festivals across Japan notably including Rock in Japan Festival, Rising Sun Rock Festival and Space Shower's Sweet Love Shower. On September 9, 2009, 9mm Parabellum Bullet had their first show at the Nippon Budokan titled 999. This performance would appear on the Cold Edge e.p., released on September 30.
9mm Parabellum Bullet were invited to play at Countdown Japan 09/10. In early-January they released the single "Inochi no Zenmai", which was used as the theme for the live-action adaptation of the Higanjima manga. The single includes a cover of Linda Yamamoto's 1972 song "Dou ni mo Tomaranai". It was announced that April 21, 2010, would be the date of 9mm Parabellum Bullet's third full album release, titled Revolutionary. It was followed by a tour across Japan. In late March, a music video was shot for the last track of the new album, called "The Revolutionary".
On May 18, 2011, the single "Atarashii Hikari" was released. The band's fourth album Movement was released on June 15. They also performed at Yokohama Arena on June 26.
2012–present: Dawning and Waltz on Life Line
9mm Parabellum Bullet covered "Territorial Pissings" for the album Nevermind Tribute, which was released on April 4, 2012 and is composed of various Japanese bands covering the entirety of Nirvana's highly acclaimed album Nevermind. Their first acoustic performance for MTV Unplugged was held at Billboard Live Tokyo with a limited capacity of 150 fans and released on home video on May 27. Their fourth single "Heart ni Hi wo Tsukete" followed on October 24, 2012.On April 1, 2013, EMI Music Japan was completely merged into Universal Music Japan as a sublabel by the name EMI Records Japan as a result of Universal Music's purchase of EMI in September 2012. All the artists from EMI Music Japan will continue releasing material at Universal Music Japan while still maintaining the catalogue code (TOCT). Their fifth single "Answer and Answer" was released on May 29. 9mm Parabellum Bullet released their fifth album Dawning on June 26, 2013.They performed a cover of "Instant Music" for the February 2014 The Pillows tribute album, Rock and Sympathy.The band took part in the first day of Luna Sea's Lunatic Fest at Makuhari Messe on June 27, 2015. Luna Sea bassist J joined them onstage for "Cold Edge". 9mm Parabellum Bullet released a quadruple A-side single, "Hangyaku no March/Dark Horse/Daremo Shiranai/Mad Pierrot", on September 9. They also contributed a cover to a November 2015 tribute album for The Telephones, We are Disco!!! ~Tribute to The Telephones~.In January 2016, 9mm Parabellum Bullet announced they had switched to the independent record label Sazanga Records. The album Waltz on Life Line was released on April 27, 2016. The band provided the opening theme songs "Inferno" and "Sacrifice" for the Berserk anime adaptation.
Band members
Takuro Sugawara (菅原 卓郎, Sugawara Takurō) – vocals, rhythm guitar
Yoshimitsu Taki (滝 善充, Taki Yoshimitsu) – lead guitar, piano, backing vocals
Kazuhiko Nakamura (中村 和彦, Nakamura Kazuhiko) – bass, screams
Chihiro Kamijo (かみじょう ちひろ, Kamijō Chihiro) – drums
Equipment
Sugawara
Guitars - ESP
ESP Snapper-S/AL (Black, Vintage White)
Gibson Les Paul Special
Edwards Jr. Custom
Navigator N-LP-480CTM
Navigator N-LP-480LTD
ESP TYG (Takuro Sugawara Signature Model)
ESP Bricoleur (Takuro Sugawara Signature Model)
ESP Truckster (James Hetfield Signature Model)
Amps - Marshall, Fender
Fender Twin Reverb
Marshall JCM2000
Marshall Vintage Modern 2466 Amp Head
Marshall 1960AV
Marshall JCM800 2203
Marshall 1960X
Taki
Guitars - ESP
ESP Snapper-S/AS (Honey Blond, Burner)
ESP Snapper-S/AS Matte Black (SUFFER Protomodel)
ESP Potbelly-STD (Amber Cherry Sunburst)
ESP Suffer (Yoshimitsu Taki Signature Model)
ESP Suffer Proto Type
ESP Max Cavalera AX (Max Cavalera Signature Model)
Edwards Karmaster
Amps - Mesa/Boogie
Mesa/Boogie Dual Rectifier
Mesa/Boogie Triple Rectifier
Mesa/Boogie F-100
Yamaha F50-112
Nakamura
Guitars - ESP
ESP AP 220 (Black)
ESP AP Custom Mat Black (Untitled Protomodel)
ESP Untitled (Kazuhiko Nakamura Signature Model)
ESP PB Type Custom
ESP Amaze-CTM (See Thru Black)
ESP X-JB (Acrylic Body)
Sepia Crue EAB-430 Acoustic Bass
Landscape SWB-Artist Electric Upright Bass
Amps - SWR
SWR 750x
Kamijo
Kamijo is a full endorser of Yamaha drums, Remo drumheads, and Zildjian cymbals and drumsticks. Kamijo was a former user of Ludwig drums (notably the Vistalite series) prior to his switch to Yamaha, and has his signature model of drumsticks on Zildjian's website.
Drums - Yamaha Birch Custom Absolute, Blue Ice Sparkle
8"x10" Tom
8"x12" Tom
13"x14" Floor Tom
15"x16" Floor Tom
22"x18" Bass Drum (x2)
6"x14" Snare Drum (as side snare)
6.5"x14" Copper Snare
Cymbals - Zildjian
14" A Custom Hi-Hats
6" Zil-Bel Small
8" A Custom Splash
10" A Custom Splash
12" Z3 Splash
12" A Zildjian Special Recording Hi-hat Bottom
18" A Custom Projection Crash
19" Z3 Rock Crash
19" Z3 Thrash Ride
20" A Custom China
20" FX Oriental China "Trash"
Drumheads - Remo
Bass Drums - Powerstroke 3 Clear (batter) | Ebony Powerstroke 3 (reso)
Toms - Emperor Clear (batter) | Ambassador Clear (reso)
Snare - Controlled Sound Reverse Dot (main, batter) / Black Suede Emperor (side, batter) | Ambassador Snare Side (reso)
Hardware – Yamaha, DW
Yamaha FP9500 Direct Drive Single Pedal (x2)
DW 9000 Pedal (x2)
Drumsticks – Zildjian
Zildjian 3A Wood Tip
Zildjian Chihiro Kamijo Artist Series Drumsticks
Guitar – Gibson
Gibson Les Paul Standard (Blue)
Discography
Studio albums
Mini albums
Singles
Compilation albums
Covers
Demos
Home videos
Awards and nominations
MTV Video Music Awards Japan
See also
Japanese rock
References
External links
Official website
Official blog
|
location of formation
|
{
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"Yokohama"
]
}
|
Bruno Alexandre Dias Coelho (born 1 August 1987) is a Portuguese futsal player who plays as a winger for FF Napoli for the Portugal national team. Coelho scored Portugal's winning goal in UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 final. He also has over 100 caps.
Honours
Club
Benfica
Campeonato Nacional: 2011-12, 2014–15, 2018–19
Taça de Portugal: 2011-12, 2014–15 2018-19
Taça da Liga: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Supertaça de Portugal: 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016ACCS Asnières Villeneuve 92
Championnat de France de Futsal: 2020-2021
International
UEFA Futsal Championship: 2018, 2022
FIFA Futsal World Cup: 2021Individual
UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 Silver Shoe
Orders
Commander of the Order of Prince Henry
Commander of the Order of Merit
References
External links
Bruno Coelho national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"Portugal"
]
}
|
Bruno Alexandre Dias Coelho (born 1 August 1987) is a Portuguese futsal player who plays as a winger for FF Napoli for the Portugal national team. Coelho scored Portugal's winning goal in UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 final. He also has over 100 caps.
Honours
Club
Benfica
Campeonato Nacional: 2011-12, 2014–15, 2018–19
Taça de Portugal: 2011-12, 2014–15 2018-19
Taça da Liga: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Supertaça de Portugal: 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016ACCS Asnières Villeneuve 92
Championnat de France de Futsal: 2020-2021
International
UEFA Futsal Championship: 2018, 2022
FIFA Futsal World Cup: 2021Individual
UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 Silver Shoe
Orders
Commander of the Order of Prince Henry
Commander of the Order of Merit
References
External links
Bruno Coelho national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
|
native language
|
{
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"Portuguese"
]
}
|
Bruno Alexandre Dias Coelho (born 1 August 1987) is a Portuguese futsal player who plays as a winger for FF Napoli for the Portugal national team. Coelho scored Portugal's winning goal in UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 final. He also has over 100 caps.
Honours
Club
Benfica
Campeonato Nacional: 2011-12, 2014–15, 2018–19
Taça de Portugal: 2011-12, 2014–15 2018-19
Taça da Liga: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Supertaça de Portugal: 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016ACCS Asnières Villeneuve 92
Championnat de France de Futsal: 2020-2021
International
UEFA Futsal Championship: 2018, 2022
FIFA Futsal World Cup: 2021Individual
UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 Silver Shoe
Orders
Commander of the Order of Prince Henry
Commander of the Order of Merit
References
External links
Bruno Coelho national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"futsal player"
]
}
|
Bruno Alexandre Dias Coelho (born 1 August 1987) is a Portuguese futsal player who plays as a winger for FF Napoli for the Portugal national team. Coelho scored Portugal's winning goal in UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 final. He also has over 100 caps.
Honours
Club
Benfica
Campeonato Nacional: 2011-12, 2014–15, 2018–19
Taça de Portugal: 2011-12, 2014–15 2018-19
Taça da Liga: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Supertaça de Portugal: 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016ACCS Asnières Villeneuve 92
Championnat de France de Futsal: 2020-2021
International
UEFA Futsal Championship: 2018, 2022
FIFA Futsal World Cup: 2021Individual
UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 Silver Shoe
Orders
Commander of the Order of Prince Henry
Commander of the Order of Merit
References
External links
Bruno Coelho national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"futsal"
]
}
|
Bruno Alexandre Dias Coelho (born 1 August 1987) is a Portuguese futsal player who plays as a winger for FF Napoli for the Portugal national team. Coelho scored Portugal's winning goal in UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 final. He also has over 100 caps.
Honours
Club
Benfica
Campeonato Nacional: 2011-12, 2014–15, 2018–19
Taça de Portugal: 2011-12, 2014–15 2018-19
Taça da Liga: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Supertaça de Portugal: 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016ACCS Asnières Villeneuve 92
Championnat de France de Futsal: 2020-2021
International
UEFA Futsal Championship: 2018, 2022
FIFA Futsal World Cup: 2021Individual
UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 Silver Shoe
Orders
Commander of the Order of Prince Henry
Commander of the Order of Merit
References
External links
Bruno Coelho national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"Coelho"
]
}
|
Bruno Alexandre Dias Coelho (born 1 August 1987) is a Portuguese futsal player who plays as a winger for FF Napoli for the Portugal national team. Coelho scored Portugal's winning goal in UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 final. He also has over 100 caps.
Honours
Club
Benfica
Campeonato Nacional: 2011-12, 2014–15, 2018–19
Taça de Portugal: 2011-12, 2014–15 2018-19
Taça da Liga: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Supertaça de Portugal: 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016ACCS Asnières Villeneuve 92
Championnat de France de Futsal: 2020-2021
International
UEFA Futsal Championship: 2018, 2022
FIFA Futsal World Cup: 2021Individual
UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 Silver Shoe
Orders
Commander of the Order of Prince Henry
Commander of the Order of Merit
References
External links
Bruno Coelho national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bruno"
]
}
|
Bruno Alexandre Dias Coelho (born 1 August 1987) is a Portuguese futsal player who plays as a winger for FF Napoli for the Portugal national team. Coelho scored Portugal's winning goal in UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 final. He also has over 100 caps.
Honours
Club
Benfica
Campeonato Nacional: 2011-12, 2014–15, 2018–19
Taça de Portugal: 2011-12, 2014–15 2018-19
Taça da Liga: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Supertaça de Portugal: 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016ACCS Asnières Villeneuve 92
Championnat de France de Futsal: 2020-2021
International
UEFA Futsal Championship: 2018, 2022
FIFA Futsal World Cup: 2021Individual
UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 Silver Shoe
Orders
Commander of the Order of Prince Henry
Commander of the Order of Merit
References
External links
Bruno Coelho national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"Portuguese"
]
}
|
German submarine U-3510 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 6 August 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1655. She was launched on 4 October 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Ernst-Werner Schwirley on 11 November 1944.
Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3510 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3510 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.
Fate
U-3510 was scuttled on 5 May 1945, in Gelting Bay near Gelting as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
References
Bibliography
External links
Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-3510". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"Nazi Germany"
]
}
|
German submarine U-3510 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 6 August 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1655. She was launched on 4 October 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Ernst-Werner Schwirley on 11 November 1944.
Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3510 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3510 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.
Fate
U-3510 was scuttled on 5 May 1945, in Gelting Bay near Gelting as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
References
Bibliography
External links
Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-3510". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"submarine"
]
}
|
German submarine U-3510 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 6 August 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1655. She was launched on 4 October 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Ernst-Werner Schwirley on 11 November 1944.
Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3510 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3510 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.
Fate
U-3510 was scuttled on 5 May 1945, in Gelting Bay near Gelting as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
References
Bibliography
External links
Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-3510". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
|
yard number
|
{
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"1655"
]
}
|
Nereidi (Finnish for "the nereid") is a sculpture by Hans-Christian Berg, located in the Kalasatama district in Helsinki, Finland. The seven-metre-tall sculpture is located at the southern end of the Kalasatamankatu street in front of the Redi shopping centre. The two-part sculpture consists of a concrete wave-shaped pedestal and a figure made of laser cut and painted aluminium plates. The nereids were mermaids in Greek mythology.The sculpture looks different depending on which direction it is viewed from. From afar it looks like it consists of lines, and viewed from the side it looks like a figure gazing off into the distance with its head tilted back. Hans-Christian Berg has used optical illusions in many of his works and made his works by combining different materials and building techniques. The sculpture Nereidi is made of parts ordered from all over Finland, connected by welding, riveting and screwing. The lights were installed last. Building the entire sculpture took four days.The shopping centre Redi, built by the construction company SRV, required artworks in its vicinity. An international contest was held in 2016, requiring entries to be of sufficient size in regard to the buildings and to express joy and cleverness. Artists submitted graffiti, ceramics, paintings, mobiles, a relief, light art and sculptures. The location of Nereidi was chosen by representatives of the architecture bureau Helin & Co who had designed the shopping centre and of the city of Helsinki. The chosen location was intended to become a meeting point. The sculpture was revealed on 2 June 2021.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"Finland"
]
}
|
Nereidi (Finnish for "the nereid") is a sculpture by Hans-Christian Berg, located in the Kalasatama district in Helsinki, Finland. The seven-metre-tall sculpture is located at the southern end of the Kalasatamankatu street in front of the Redi shopping centre. The two-part sculpture consists of a concrete wave-shaped pedestal and a figure made of laser cut and painted aluminium plates. The nereids were mermaids in Greek mythology.The sculpture looks different depending on which direction it is viewed from. From afar it looks like it consists of lines, and viewed from the side it looks like a figure gazing off into the distance with its head tilted back. Hans-Christian Berg has used optical illusions in many of his works and made his works by combining different materials and building techniques. The sculpture Nereidi is made of parts ordered from all over Finland, connected by welding, riveting and screwing. The lights were installed last. Building the entire sculpture took four days.The shopping centre Redi, built by the construction company SRV, required artworks in its vicinity. An international contest was held in 2016, requiring entries to be of sufficient size in regard to the buildings and to express joy and cleverness. Artists submitted graffiti, ceramics, paintings, mobiles, a relief, light art and sculptures. The location of Nereidi was chosen by representatives of the architecture bureau Helin & Co who had designed the shopping centre and of the city of Helsinki. The chosen location was intended to become a meeting point. The sculpture was revealed on 2 June 2021.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"sculpture"
]
}
|
Nereidi (Finnish for "the nereid") is a sculpture by Hans-Christian Berg, located in the Kalasatama district in Helsinki, Finland. The seven-metre-tall sculpture is located at the southern end of the Kalasatamankatu street in front of the Redi shopping centre. The two-part sculpture consists of a concrete wave-shaped pedestal and a figure made of laser cut and painted aluminium plates. The nereids were mermaids in Greek mythology.The sculpture looks different depending on which direction it is viewed from. From afar it looks like it consists of lines, and viewed from the side it looks like a figure gazing off into the distance with its head tilted back. Hans-Christian Berg has used optical illusions in many of his works and made his works by combining different materials and building techniques. The sculpture Nereidi is made of parts ordered from all over Finland, connected by welding, riveting and screwing. The lights were installed last. Building the entire sculpture took four days.The shopping centre Redi, built by the construction company SRV, required artworks in its vicinity. An international contest was held in 2016, requiring entries to be of sufficient size in regard to the buildings and to express joy and cleverness. Artists submitted graffiti, ceramics, paintings, mobiles, a relief, light art and sculptures. The location of Nereidi was chosen by representatives of the architecture bureau Helin & Co who had designed the shopping centre and of the city of Helsinki. The chosen location was intended to become a meeting point. The sculpture was revealed on 2 June 2021.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"Helsinki"
]
}
|
Nereidi (Finnish for "the nereid") is a sculpture by Hans-Christian Berg, located in the Kalasatama district in Helsinki, Finland. The seven-metre-tall sculpture is located at the southern end of the Kalasatamankatu street in front of the Redi shopping centre. The two-part sculpture consists of a concrete wave-shaped pedestal and a figure made of laser cut and painted aluminium plates. The nereids were mermaids in Greek mythology.The sculpture looks different depending on which direction it is viewed from. From afar it looks like it consists of lines, and viewed from the side it looks like a figure gazing off into the distance with its head tilted back. Hans-Christian Berg has used optical illusions in many of his works and made his works by combining different materials and building techniques. The sculpture Nereidi is made of parts ordered from all over Finland, connected by welding, riveting and screwing. The lights were installed last. Building the entire sculpture took four days.The shopping centre Redi, built by the construction company SRV, required artworks in its vicinity. An international contest was held in 2016, requiring entries to be of sufficient size in regard to the buildings and to express joy and cleverness. Artists submitted graffiti, ceramics, paintings, mobiles, a relief, light art and sculptures. The location of Nereidi was chosen by representatives of the architecture bureau Helin & Co who had designed the shopping centre and of the city of Helsinki. The chosen location was intended to become a meeting point. The sculpture was revealed on 2 June 2021.
== References ==
|
creator
|
{
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"Hans-Christian Berg"
]
}
|
Nereidi (Finnish for "the nereid") is a sculpture by Hans-Christian Berg, located in the Kalasatama district in Helsinki, Finland. The seven-metre-tall sculpture is located at the southern end of the Kalasatamankatu street in front of the Redi shopping centre. The two-part sculpture consists of a concrete wave-shaped pedestal and a figure made of laser cut and painted aluminium plates. The nereids were mermaids in Greek mythology.The sculpture looks different depending on which direction it is viewed from. From afar it looks like it consists of lines, and viewed from the side it looks like a figure gazing off into the distance with its head tilted back. Hans-Christian Berg has used optical illusions in many of his works and made his works by combining different materials and building techniques. The sculpture Nereidi is made of parts ordered from all over Finland, connected by welding, riveting and screwing. The lights were installed last. Building the entire sculpture took four days.The shopping centre Redi, built by the construction company SRV, required artworks in its vicinity. An international contest was held in 2016, requiring entries to be of sufficient size in regard to the buildings and to express joy and cleverness. Artists submitted graffiti, ceramics, paintings, mobiles, a relief, light art and sculptures. The location of Nereidi was chosen by representatives of the architecture bureau Helin & Co who had designed the shopping centre and of the city of Helsinki. The chosen location was intended to become a meeting point. The sculpture was revealed on 2 June 2021.
== References ==
|
location
|
{
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"Kalasatama"
]
}
|
Inaba Masanari (稲葉 正成, 1571 – October 14, 1628), also known as Inaba Masashige and sometimes known as Mino-no-kami, was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period through early Edo period. He served the Oda, Toyotomi, and Tokugawa clans, and became a daimyō in the early Edo period.
Masanari was the husband of Kasuga-no-Tsubone, who bore him three sons: Masakatsu, Masasada, and Masatoshi. For some reason, Masanari divorced her; and she then became wet-nurse to Tokugawa Hidetada's eldest son, though Masanari and Kasuga divorce they still maintain good relationship as husband and wife as parents toward their children One of Masanari's grandsons, Inaba Masayasu (1640–1684), is primarily remembered as the enigmatic wakadoshiyori assassin of tairō Hotta Masatoshi.In the Edo period, the Inaba were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.
Inaba clan branches
The fudai Inaba clan originated in 16th century Mino Province. They claim descent from Kōno Michitaka (d. 1374), who claimed descent from Emperor Kanmu (736–805).A cadet branch are descended from Inaba Masanari (+1628), who fought in the armies of Nobunaga and then Hideyoshi. This branch of the Inaba was created in 1588. In 1619, he was granted the han of Itoigawa (25,000 koku) in Echigo Province; then, in 1627, his holding was transferred to Mōka Domain (65,000 koku) in Shimotsuke Province. His descendants resided successively at Odawara Domain (105,000 koku) in Sagami Province from 1632 through 1685; at Takata Domain in Echigo province from 1685 through 1701; at Sakura Domain in Shimōsa Province from 1701 through 1723. Masanari's heirs settled at Yodo Domain (115,000 koku) in Yamashiro Province from 1723 through 1868.The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.
Notable descendants
Inaba Masamichi, 1681–1685—8th Kyoto shoshidai.
Inaba Masanobu, 1804–1806—34th Kyoto shoshidai.
Inaba Masakuni, 1863–1864—55th Kyoto shoshidai.
Notes
References
Appert, Georges and H. Kinoshita. (1888). Ancien Japon. Tokyo: Imprimerie Kokubunsha. OCLC 4429674
Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (1999). Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press . ISBN 9780824819644; ISBN 9780824820664; OCLC 246417677
Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
Hank, Patrick, ed. (2003). Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195081374; ISBN 9780195165579; ISBN 9780195165586; ISBN 9780195165593; OCLC 51655476
Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in de Edo-Zeit: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867. Münster: Tagenbuch. ISBN 9783825839390; OCLC 722998498
Murdock, James. (1903) A History of Japan. Kobe: Kobe Chronicle. OCLC 64778754
Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906) Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha. OCLC 465662682; Nobiliaire du japon (abridged version of 1906 text).
External links
(in Japanese) "Inaba-shi" on Harimaya.com (6 April 2008)
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"Japan"
]
}
|
Inaba Masanari (稲葉 正成, 1571 – October 14, 1628), also known as Inaba Masashige and sometimes known as Mino-no-kami, was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period through early Edo period. He served the Oda, Toyotomi, and Tokugawa clans, and became a daimyō in the early Edo period.
Masanari was the husband of Kasuga-no-Tsubone, who bore him three sons: Masakatsu, Masasada, and Masatoshi. For some reason, Masanari divorced her; and she then became wet-nurse to Tokugawa Hidetada's eldest son, though Masanari and Kasuga divorce they still maintain good relationship as husband and wife as parents toward their children One of Masanari's grandsons, Inaba Masayasu (1640–1684), is primarily remembered as the enigmatic wakadoshiyori assassin of tairō Hotta Masatoshi.In the Edo period, the Inaba were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.
Inaba clan branches
The fudai Inaba clan originated in 16th century Mino Province. They claim descent from Kōno Michitaka (d. 1374), who claimed descent from Emperor Kanmu (736–805).A cadet branch are descended from Inaba Masanari (+1628), who fought in the armies of Nobunaga and then Hideyoshi. This branch of the Inaba was created in 1588. In 1619, he was granted the han of Itoigawa (25,000 koku) in Echigo Province; then, in 1627, his holding was transferred to Mōka Domain (65,000 koku) in Shimotsuke Province. His descendants resided successively at Odawara Domain (105,000 koku) in Sagami Province from 1632 through 1685; at Takata Domain in Echigo province from 1685 through 1701; at Sakura Domain in Shimōsa Province from 1701 through 1723. Masanari's heirs settled at Yodo Domain (115,000 koku) in Yamashiro Province from 1723 through 1868.The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.
Notable descendants
Inaba Masamichi, 1681–1685—8th Kyoto shoshidai.
Inaba Masanobu, 1804–1806—34th Kyoto shoshidai.
Inaba Masakuni, 1863–1864—55th Kyoto shoshidai.
Notes
References
Appert, Georges and H. Kinoshita. (1888). Ancien Japon. Tokyo: Imprimerie Kokubunsha. OCLC 4429674
Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (1999). Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press . ISBN 9780824819644; ISBN 9780824820664; OCLC 246417677
Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
Hank, Patrick, ed. (2003). Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195081374; ISBN 9780195165579; ISBN 9780195165586; ISBN 9780195165593; OCLC 51655476
Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in de Edo-Zeit: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867. Münster: Tagenbuch. ISBN 9783825839390; OCLC 722998498
Murdock, James. (1903) A History of Japan. Kobe: Kobe Chronicle. OCLC 64778754
Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906) Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha. OCLC 465662682; Nobiliaire du japon (abridged version of 1906 text).
External links
(in Japanese) "Inaba-shi" on Harimaya.com (6 April 2008)
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"samurai"
]
}
|
Inaba Masanari (稲葉 正成, 1571 – October 14, 1628), also known as Inaba Masashige and sometimes known as Mino-no-kami, was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period through early Edo period. He served the Oda, Toyotomi, and Tokugawa clans, and became a daimyō in the early Edo period.
Masanari was the husband of Kasuga-no-Tsubone, who bore him three sons: Masakatsu, Masasada, and Masatoshi. For some reason, Masanari divorced her; and she then became wet-nurse to Tokugawa Hidetada's eldest son, though Masanari and Kasuga divorce they still maintain good relationship as husband and wife as parents toward their children One of Masanari's grandsons, Inaba Masayasu (1640–1684), is primarily remembered as the enigmatic wakadoshiyori assassin of tairō Hotta Masatoshi.In the Edo period, the Inaba were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.
Inaba clan branches
The fudai Inaba clan originated in 16th century Mino Province. They claim descent from Kōno Michitaka (d. 1374), who claimed descent from Emperor Kanmu (736–805).A cadet branch are descended from Inaba Masanari (+1628), who fought in the armies of Nobunaga and then Hideyoshi. This branch of the Inaba was created in 1588. In 1619, he was granted the han of Itoigawa (25,000 koku) in Echigo Province; then, in 1627, his holding was transferred to Mōka Domain (65,000 koku) in Shimotsuke Province. His descendants resided successively at Odawara Domain (105,000 koku) in Sagami Province from 1632 through 1685; at Takata Domain in Echigo province from 1685 through 1701; at Sakura Domain in Shimōsa Province from 1701 through 1723. Masanari's heirs settled at Yodo Domain (115,000 koku) in Yamashiro Province from 1723 through 1868.The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.
Notable descendants
Inaba Masamichi, 1681–1685—8th Kyoto shoshidai.
Inaba Masanobu, 1804–1806—34th Kyoto shoshidai.
Inaba Masakuni, 1863–1864—55th Kyoto shoshidai.
Notes
References
Appert, Georges and H. Kinoshita. (1888). Ancien Japon. Tokyo: Imprimerie Kokubunsha. OCLC 4429674
Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (1999). Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press . ISBN 9780824819644; ISBN 9780824820664; OCLC 246417677
Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
Hank, Patrick, ed. (2003). Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195081374; ISBN 9780195165579; ISBN 9780195165586; ISBN 9780195165593; OCLC 51655476
Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in de Edo-Zeit: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867. Münster: Tagenbuch. ISBN 9783825839390; OCLC 722998498
Murdock, James. (1903) A History of Japan. Kobe: Kobe Chronicle. OCLC 64778754
Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906) Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha. OCLC 465662682; Nobiliaire du japon (abridged version of 1906 text).
External links
(in Japanese) "Inaba-shi" on Harimaya.com (6 April 2008)
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Inaba"
]
}
|
Bommapur is a village in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India.
Demographics
As of the 2011 Census of India there were 4 households in Bommapur and a total population of 9 consisting of 6 males and 3 females. There were no children ages 0-6.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"India"
]
}
|
Bommapur is a village in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India.
Demographics
As of the 2011 Census of India there were 4 households in Bommapur and a total population of 9 consisting of 6 males and 3 females. There were no children ages 0-6.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"Dharwad district"
]
}
|
Pourquoi Pas Glacier (66°15′S 135°55′E) is a glacier 4 nautical miles (7 km) wide and 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, flowing north-northwest from the continental ice and terminating in a prominent tongue 9 nautical miles (17 km) west-northwest of Pourquoi Pas Point. Delineated by French cartographers from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. Named in 1952 by the French Antarctic Sub-committee after the Pourquoi-Pas?, polar ship of the French Antarctic Expedition under Charcot, 1908–10, later used by Charcot in expeditions to Greenland.
Pourquoi Pas Glacier Tongue (66°10′S 136°0′E) is a prominent glacier tongue 4 nautical miles (7 km) wide and 6 nautical miles (11 km) long, extending seaward from Pourquoi Pas Glacier. Delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named for the French polar ship Pourquoi-Pas?.
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
References
This article incorporates public domain material from "Pourquoi Pas Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"glacier"
]
}
|
Pourquoi Pas Glacier (66°15′S 135°55′E) is a glacier 4 nautical miles (7 km) wide and 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, flowing north-northwest from the continental ice and terminating in a prominent tongue 9 nautical miles (17 km) west-northwest of Pourquoi Pas Point. Delineated by French cartographers from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. Named in 1952 by the French Antarctic Sub-committee after the Pourquoi-Pas?, polar ship of the French Antarctic Expedition under Charcot, 1908–10, later used by Charcot in expeditions to Greenland.
Pourquoi Pas Glacier Tongue (66°10′S 136°0′E) is a prominent glacier tongue 4 nautical miles (7 km) wide and 6 nautical miles (11 km) long, extending seaward from Pourquoi Pas Glacier. Delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named for the French polar ship Pourquoi-Pas?.
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
References
This article incorporates public domain material from "Pourquoi Pas Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
|
named after
|
{
"answer_start": [
429
],
"text": [
"Pourquoi-Pas?"
]
}
|
The Intrépide was a First Rank three-decker ship of the line of the French Royal Navy. She was intended to be armed with 68 guns as a Second Rank ship including a partially armed upper deck, but was modified during construction and completed as a First Rank with 82 guns, comprising twenty-eight 36-pounder guns on the lower deck, twenty-six 18-pounder guns on the middle deck, and twenty-four 8-pounder guns on the upper deck (two more were added from 1706), with four 4-pounder guns on the quarterdeck.
Designed and constructed by Honoré Malet, she was begun at Rochefort Dockyard in April 1689 and launched in March of the following year. She was completed in May 1690 and took part in the Battle of Beachy Head on 10 July 1690. She later took part in the Battle of Lagos on 28 June 1693 and in the Battle of Velez Malaga on 24 August 1704. In July 1707 she was one of the ships scuttled at Toulon on Louis XIV's orders during the siege of that port, but was subsequently refloated and refitted. She was condemned in June 1717 at Toulon and used as a hulk, before being taken to pieces in 1724.
References
Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 1 1671 - 1870. p. 223. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
Nomenclature des Vaisseaux du Roi-Soleil de 1661 a 1715. Alain Demerliac (Editions Omega, Nice – various dates).
The Sun King's Vessels (2015) - Jean-Claude Lemineur; English translation by François Fougerat. Editions ANCRE. ISBN 978-2903179885
Winfield, Rif and Roberts, Stephen (2017) French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4738-9351-1.
|
manufacturer
|
{
"answer_start": [
564
],
"text": [
"Rochefort"
]
}
|
Christian Arro (also known as Christjan Arro and Kristjan Arro; 25 January 1885 – 21 April 1942) was an Estonian agriculturist, farmer and politician.
Born in the village of Polli on 25 January 1885, Arro was an agriculturist and farmer. He was also active in politics, and sat on the Estonian Provincial Assembly (which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia) for the entirety of its only session (1917–19). He did not sit on the Constituent Assembly, but was elected to the first and second legislatures of the Riigikogu in 1920 and 1923, respectively. He resigned from the second legislature on 7 November 1924, and was replaced by Hans Mitt. Throughout his time in the chamber, he sat as a member of the Farmers' Assemblies party.During the Soviet occupation of Estonia during the Second World War, Arro was deported to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) in the Soviet Union, where he was executed on 21 April 1942.
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"Estonia"
]
}
|
Christian Arro (also known as Christjan Arro and Kristjan Arro; 25 January 1885 – 21 April 1942) was an Estonian agriculturist, farmer and politician.
Born in the village of Polli on 25 January 1885, Arro was an agriculturist and farmer. He was also active in politics, and sat on the Estonian Provincial Assembly (which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia) for the entirety of its only session (1917–19). He did not sit on the Constituent Assembly, but was elected to the first and second legislatures of the Riigikogu in 1920 and 1923, respectively. He resigned from the second legislature on 7 November 1924, and was replaced by Hans Mitt. Throughout his time in the chamber, he sat as a member of the Farmers' Assemblies party.During the Soviet occupation of Estonia during the Second World War, Arro was deported to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) in the Soviet Union, where he was executed on 21 April 1942.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"politician"
]
}
|
Christian Arro (also known as Christjan Arro and Kristjan Arro; 25 January 1885 – 21 April 1942) was an Estonian agriculturist, farmer and politician.
Born in the village of Polli on 25 January 1885, Arro was an agriculturist and farmer. He was also active in politics, and sat on the Estonian Provincial Assembly (which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia) for the entirety of its only session (1917–19). He did not sit on the Constituent Assembly, but was elected to the first and second legislatures of the Riigikogu in 1920 and 1923, respectively. He resigned from the second legislature on 7 November 1924, and was replaced by Hans Mitt. Throughout his time in the chamber, he sat as a member of the Farmers' Assemblies party.During the Soviet occupation of Estonia during the Second World War, Arro was deported to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) in the Soviet Union, where he was executed on 21 April 1942.
== References ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"Arro"
]
}
|
Christian Arro (also known as Christjan Arro and Kristjan Arro; 25 January 1885 – 21 April 1942) was an Estonian agriculturist, farmer and politician.
Born in the village of Polli on 25 January 1885, Arro was an agriculturist and farmer. He was also active in politics, and sat on the Estonian Provincial Assembly (which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia) for the entirety of its only session (1917–19). He did not sit on the Constituent Assembly, but was elected to the first and second legislatures of the Riigikogu in 1920 and 1923, respectively. He resigned from the second legislature on 7 November 1924, and was replaced by Hans Mitt. Throughout his time in the chamber, he sat as a member of the Farmers' Assemblies party.During the Soviet occupation of Estonia during the Second World War, Arro was deported to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) in the Soviet Union, where he was executed on 21 April 1942.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"Kristjan"
]
}
|
"Puss N' Boots/These Boots (Are Made for Walkin')" is a song by Canadian synth-pop duo Kon Kan, released as the third single from their 1989 album Move to Move. The song peaked at No. 61 in their native Canada, and at No. 58 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. In October 1989, the song peaked at No. 11 in New Zealand.The song includes samples and interpolations of Led Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song" and "Good Times Bad Times", Nancy Sinatra's "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" and the Champs' "Tequila". The scratch sample that can be heard throughout the song is sampled from Beside's "Change the Beat".
Charts
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"single"
]
}
|
"Puss N' Boots/These Boots (Are Made for Walkin')" is a song by Canadian synth-pop duo Kon Kan, released as the third single from their 1989 album Move to Move. The song peaked at No. 61 in their native Canada, and at No. 58 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. In October 1989, the song peaked at No. 11 in New Zealand.The song includes samples and interpolations of Led Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song" and "Good Times Bad Times", Nancy Sinatra's "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" and the Champs' "Tequila". The scratch sample that can be heard throughout the song is sampled from Beside's "Change the Beat".
Charts
== References ==
|
genre
|
{
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"synth-pop"
]
}
|
"Puss N' Boots/These Boots (Are Made for Walkin')" is a song by Canadian synth-pop duo Kon Kan, released as the third single from their 1989 album Move to Move. The song peaked at No. 61 in their native Canada, and at No. 58 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. In October 1989, the song peaked at No. 11 in New Zealand.The song includes samples and interpolations of Led Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song" and "Good Times Bad Times", Nancy Sinatra's "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" and the Champs' "Tequila". The scratch sample that can be heard throughout the song is sampled from Beside's "Change the Beat".
Charts
== References ==
|
followed by
|
{
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"Move to Move"
]
}
|
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