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an innate behavior that has evolved to serve a communicative purpose in members of the same
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species Many such signals are observed in the animal kingdom They are often used to
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negotiate conflict For example among wolves the pack leader has a dominant posture head
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and ears up chest forward tail stiff and a confident swagger The other members of the pack
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especially if unrelated to the leader walk with heads lowered ears back and tails low and
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wagging They remain behind the pack leader when traveling If the alpha wolf challenges them
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they will back away bend down or even lie on the ground exposing their vulnerable
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underbellies It is clear to see that constant submissive signaling imprisons beta wolves in a
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suboptimal state of being
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Subordinate dogs use much of the same body language They lick or swallow nervously
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display submissive grins freeze and tremble Many dogs in the act of submission will dribble
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urine or pee on themselves without even lifting their leg Canines are not unique in this All
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mammals resort to their own set of subordination displays They do it to avoid the escalation
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from contest to attack To avoid outright fighting and bodily harm lowerranking individuals
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send a message You dont need to undermine me because am already undermining myself
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PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body
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Due to how social primates are submissive displays may be more important to them than
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to any other order of mammal As primates humans constantly send out signals about
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inferiority and resignation Indeed much of our nonverbal behavior exists to communicate
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deference to other humans When we encounter a dominant member of our species we
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restrict our breathing subvert our posture speak in a high voice and tighten our faces
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Monkeys and apes routinely do the same It is essential to realize that these displays are
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controlled by innate unconscious processes Although you may not think you are inferior we
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were all born with neural pathways that cause us to adopt postures signifying inferiority These
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pathways are encoded in our DNA and soldered into our nervous system before birth
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Samuel Johnson said No two people can be half an hour together but one shall acquire
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an evident superiority over the other If this is true the average person acts submissive at
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least of the time Even when we meet someone new regardless of their status we stoop
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our necks stop flexing our buttocks raise our shoulders and stand shorter to make certain we
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do not offend them This is the equivalent of the principal mammalian submissive display of
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rolling over to expose the belly
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We have all known since preschool that bullies dont want us to appear calmer than they
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are If they think we are too relaxed they are often willing to become violent To address this
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we learn to use anxiety as a form of social lubrication would go as far as to say that very little
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of my anxiety was due to the usual purported cause physical trauma and rumination about it
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was not a victim of domestic abuse as a child and have never been molested believe that
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most of my anxiety and depression was due to the cumulative effects of submissive signaling
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These ritualized selfdestructive displays extend to our breathing We unconsciously
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assume that to be respectful and friendly we must make our breathing shallow We are afraid
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that if our breaths are deep and long other people will find it offensive Again shallow
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breathing is inherited from our mammalian ancestry It shows other individuals that we are
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taking the present encounter seriously rather than being too relaxed
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The use of submissive tells communicates a history of victimization They can also
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communicate that we are tired distressed possibly crippled and are not poised for fighting
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Instead they show we are poised for flight This would have kept humans safe during hunting
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and gathering times It may also have kept us safe from larger kids on elementary school
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playgrounds But it only holds us back in modern adulthood Unless of course you are
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in prison
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For an inmate to avoid attracting negative attention in jail criminologists recommend using
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submissive body language Their advice Never puff up your chest minimize eye contact dont
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whistle dont sing dont dance and above all keep your head down pointed toward the
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ground Nonsubmissive body language is taken as disrespectful Acting depressed keeps others
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from wanting to attack you This was probably a major concern for our ancestors as many
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experts today believe the major predator of prehistoric humans was other humans
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People who have close encounters with pound silverback gorillas in the wild must do
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the same The more subdued they act the less likely they are to be attacked So primatologists
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in the field slump over act sheepish move very slowly and look straight at the ground
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avoiding any eye contact Even though they are perfect strangers amid adult gorillas and their
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young as long as they continue to do these things they are usually completely safe But you
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dont live among wild gorillas and you are likely not reading this book from a jail cell so dont
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Chapter Optimal Quality of Life Training
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resort to conciliatory gestures It is not your responsibility to placate anyone with postural
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concessions Instead we should make it our responsibility to overcome our genetic inclinations
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to do so and influence others to do the same even if only by example
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Handicapping Signals Buy Mercy
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Animal behaviorists point out that the costs of handicapping signals may enhance their
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perceived value Because submissive behaviors hurt us others recognize them as valid Tensing
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our muscles and using inefficient postures usually results in an energy deficit meaning that a
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subordinate individual is spending energy to buy mercy The crouching and cringing that
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nondominant wolves exhibit require extra energy and come with personal costs such as
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muscular strain yet communicate that they are loyal servile members of the pack Thus
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capitulation responses are authentic signals that we are operating with an impediment
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Blushing and crying have been conceptualized in a similar way Indeed a blush can be
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unwanted but often the costs to the blusher can be outweighed by the benefits The
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involuntary aspect of a blush declares sensitivity to social norms and proves to others that you
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feel shame or guilt and value the group Crying is an extreme form of selfhandicapping Some
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scientists believe that its evolved purpose is to selfsabotage normal vision It also simulates
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respiratory distress Sobbing thus signals acquiescence to a potential assailant It convinces the
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aggressor that we are no longer a threat There are many similar displays among animals all of
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which are ways of saying Look Im going to all this extra trouble just to prove to you that Im
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not an enemy
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Chimpanzees have obvious ways to signal that they have been defeated walking in an
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apathetic way covering their face hitting themselves and lying prostrate Primates depend on
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these submissive displays because they constantly compete with members of their closeknit
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group for mating opportunities and food Generally hierarchies among males govern access to
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fertile females whereas female hierarchies govern access to food resources as these are a
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limiting factor for pregnancy and lactation As modern humans we usually dont fight physically
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over sex or meals so why are our inclinations for submission so strong
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The answer is that humans dont just selfhandicap to display deference Unfortunately for
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us we also do it to be likable In humans signaling a handicap can communicate modesty
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conveying that one is not shameless or brazen We demonstrate anxiety to build rapport with
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others smooth over issues and prove our friendliness We do our best to act ingratiating
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taking on bodily tension to do so It is part of peoplepleasing and the need to be accepted but
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it is incredibly draining This book will introduce a philosophy for dealing with these pressures
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describing how to be a calm confident likable person without recourse to submissive signaling
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We use submissive displays around those we see as our superiors our equals and even our
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inferiors Even very dominant people use subordination displays to be endearing and get
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people to open up and trust them Therefore it is not always clear whether submissive
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signaling is better characterized as weakness or as a form of social intelligence It depends on
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the circumstances primarily on the specific display in question and how long it is used Before
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