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A novel approach to achieve a reduced current ripple and voltage ripple in non-isolated dc-dc converter is ::: presented in this paper. The conventional boost converter is dual -phased to avoid high input current stress on the switch. The dual-phase configuration significantly reduces the current ripple and the voltage ripple due to the operation of the parallel paths. This technique allows to obtain high efficiency and making possible to design a compact circuit. The operational principle and the simulation results obtained are presented for interleaved dual boost converter. | Power converters deals with high input power as well as high output power. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is mostly used technique to control the power converters. A combination of several power converters like in multiphase converter are used to obtain a high efficiency output with decreased current ripple and voltage ripple. In this paper phase shifted PWM signals for open loop control and phase shifted saw tooth signals for closed loop control are generated utilizing FPGA in order to control the combination of power converters. In this dissertation two 180° phase shifted PWM and two 180°sawtooth signal of frequency 50 KHz are generated. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,600 |
Bifurcation Analysis of DC-DC Converters using Discrete Time Model | Design of a High Voltage Switching Power Supply with Soft Switching Technology | Bifurcation at Infinity in Polynomial Vector Fields | kor_Hang | 12,601 |
A Resonant Converter Topology for Bidirectional DC DC Converter | Idealized operation of the class E tuned power amplifier | Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Incorporating Regenerative Braking in E-bikes | kor_Hang | 12,602 |
A comparative study of a class of full bridge zero-voltage-switched PWM converters | Simulation of Soft Switched Pwm Zvs Full Bridge Converter | Simulation of Soft Switched Pwm Zvs Full Bridge Converter | eng_Latn | 12,603 |
Bi-directional DC-DC converter for low power applications | Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Incorporating Regenerative Braking in E-bikes | Review of non-isolated bi-directional DC-DC converters for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charge station application at municipal parking decks | eng_Latn | 12,604 |
Estimation of power system parameters | An enhanced three-phase battery energy storage system for frequency control in microgrids | Advancement in power system engineering education and research with power industry moving towards deregulation | eng_Latn | 12,605 |
A transformerless single-phase utility interface converter to attenuate common-mode voltage for DC microgrid | Analysis and distributed control of power flow in DC microgrids to improve system efficiency | Analysis of multi-mode to single-mode conversion at 635 nm and 1550 nm | eng_Latn | 12,606 |
Time- and Frequency-domain Comparisons of the Wavepiston Wave Energy Converter | The Impulse Response Function and Ship Motions | Unified optimization criterion for energy converters. | eng_Latn | 12,607 |
Multilevel converter topologies based high power inductive power transfer systems | A Three-Phase Inductive Power Transfer System for Roadway-Powered Vehicles | Toll-Like Receptor Signalling Is Not Involved in Platelet Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae In Vitro or In Vivo | eng_Latn | 12,608 |
Battery charger for a photovoltaic power source | Power electronics converters, applications and design | Methodology for Evaluating Potential Benefits and Economic Value of Residential Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System | eng_Latn | 12,609 |
Predictive control strategies for ZCS direct converter HV power supply | INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF A NEW DIRECT CONVERTER FOR HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS APPLICATIONS | High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power | eng_Latn | 12,610 |
Analytical description of power losses in a transformer operating in the dual active bridge converter | Selected converter topologies for interfacing energy storages with power grid | Completely Stale Transmitter Channel State Information is Still Very Useful | eng_Latn | 12,611 |
Literature review: Potential impacts of plug-in electric vehicles on electric power systems | Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in dynamical energy markets | High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power | eng_Latn | 12,612 |
SST Topology Based on the LLC Resonant Converter and Output Voltage Control by Auxiliary Module | Solid-State Transformers: On the Origins and Evolution of Key Concepts | Completely Stale Transmitter Channel State Information is Still Very Useful | eng_Latn | 12,613 |
The operational efficiency in a hybrid electric bus(HEB) mainly relies on the suitable design of its energy management strategy (EMS) to operate, in a proper way, the onboard energy sources. This work addresses the experimental validation of an optimized EMS (at simulation level) proposed for an urban HEB. In this case, the EMS handled the proper power split behavior of the vehicle demand among the genset(internal combustion engine connected to an electric generator) and a dual energy storage system (combining Li-ion batteries with supercapacitors). To validate the EMS, a scaled test-bench including the energy sources connected to the electrical DC grid in an HEB was build. This test-bench aims to emulate the real behavior of the genset, battery, supercapacitor, traction demand and auxiliary loads while operating in an urban route profile. The experimental results showed how the real electrical phenomena(DC voltage variations, current balancing, system losses, current ripple, auxiliary and unknown consumptions, etc.) inherent of the power-train devices may affect the energetic performance of the optimal EMS obtained in ideal conditions. Thus, based on the operational dynamics and identified issues, the optimal EMS can be tunned to improve its performance in real operation scenarios. | Hybridization of automotive powertrains by using more than one type of energy converter is considered as an important step towards reducing fuel consumption and air pollutants. Specifically, the development of energy efficient, highly complex, alternative drive-train systems, in which the interactions of different energy converters play an important role, requires new design methods and processes. This paper discusses the inclusion of an alternative hybrid power train into an existing vehicle platform for maximum energy efficiency. The new proposed integrated Vehicle Hardware In-the-loop (VHiL) and Model Based Design (MBD) approach is utilized to evaluate the energy efficiency of electrified powertrain. In VHiL, a complete chassis system becomes an integrated part of the vehicle test bed. A complete conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) powered vehicle is tested in roller bench test for the integration of energy efficient hybrid electric power train modules in closed-loop, real-time, feedback configuration. A model that is a replica of the test vehicle is executed – in real-time- where all hybrid power train modules are included. While the VHiL platform is controlling the signal exchange between the test bed automation software and the vehicle on-board controller, the road load exerted on the driving wheels is manipulated in closed –loop real-time manner in order to reflect all hybrid driving modes including: All Electric Range (AER), Electric Power Assist (EPA) and blended Modes (BM). Upon successful implementation of VHiL, a comparative study between Rule Based (RB) energy management strategy (EMS) and Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) to Control Parallel Through-The-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PTTR-HEV) is performed. The study shows that the actual fuel efficiency of the tested vehicle under both control strategies can be used in order to evaluate the effectiveness of energy conversion efficiency of the powertrain system. The fuel consumption of hybridized powertrain is compared with the conventional powertrain equipped in an actual vehicle to help comprehend the degree of efficiency attained by the hybridization. This process is developed in order to enable effective tuning/validation of advanced energy management strategies utilized in hybrid electric powertrain through an evaluation of a complete real chassis system subject to electric hybridization. The VHiL is considered as new evolution for the utilization of vehicle test bed as a predictive mechatronic platform for the development of energy efficient electrified propulsion systems and thus reduce cost and time. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 12,614 |
Aiming at reducing both size and losses of energy saving system and also integrating the system’s output current and voltage, this paper proposed a new energy management strategy using novel controller in application of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The proposed controller, called hybrid sliding mode controller (HSMC), significantly improves the transient response and disturbance rejection of the two input bidirectional converters (TIBCs), while preserving the closed loop stability. The combination of the SMC and invasive weed optimization (IWO), realizes a fast transient response over a wide transient load changes and input voltage disturbances. The development of TIBC modelling based on state space averaging technique has been discussed. Practical and simulation results are reported to validate the theoretical predictions and to confirm the superior performance of the proposed nonlinear controller when it is compared with a traditional SMC. Finally the performance of manufactured EV which equipped with proposed controller was investigated through practical test in case of the stochastic EV driving cycle. | Due to its high efficiency and reduced emissions, new zero-emission hybrid electric vehicles have been selected as an attractive challenge for future transport applications. New zero -emission hybrid electric, on the other hand, has some major drawbacks from the complicated charging process. The hybrid electrical fuel cell system is introduced as the main source to intelligently control multi-source activities. An ultra-capacitor system is selected as the energy recovery assistance to monitor the fuel cell’s fast transient and peak power during critical periods. To regulate energy demand and supply, an intelligent energy management system is proposed and tested through several constraints. The proposed approach system aims to act quickly against sudden circumstances related to hydrogen depletion in the prediction of the required fuel consumption basis. The proposed strategy tends to define the proper operating system according to energy demand and supply. The obtained results show that the designed system meets the targets set for the energy management unit by referring to an experimental velocity database. | Perfect Quantum Cloning Machines (QCM) would allow to use quantum nonlocality for arbitrary fast signaling. However perfect QCM cannot exist. We derive a bound on the fidelity of QCM compatible with the no-signaling constraint. This bound equals the fidelity of the Bu\v{z}ek-Hillery QCM. | eng_Latn | 12,615 |
This paper deals with the energy management of instantaneous electrical generation/electrical storage power split in serie's hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). This energy management is related to some rules that have been performed by state flow toolbox (ver 5) of Matlab 6.5 software. The efficient management of the power-train of HEV requires the careful coordination of engine and other of ancillary power reservoirs such as batteries which performed by simulink and advisor 2002. The system is simulated to demonstrate the validity and the convenience of a qualitative approach instead of a deterministic one. It prepares a good environment for supervisory control of engine in this kind of hybrid systems. The simulation results confirm the feasibility and encourage more research toward an actual application. | Hybrid electric vehicles are proposed to reduce the fuel consumption and emission while sustaining performance of the vehicle. The key point to use the full potential of hybridization is designing a proper supervisory control strategy, which manages how to split the demanded power between energy sources in the most efficient and optimum way. This paper compares and classifies control strategies according to their dynamic structure, complexness, applicability and performance. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 12,616 |
State Dependent Parameter Modelling of a DC-DC Boost Converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode | Non-ideal Models and Simulation of Boost Converters Operating in DCM | Completely Stale Transmitter Channel State Information is Still Very Useful | eng_Latn | 12,617 |
High efficiency soft-switching 3-phase PWM rectifier | The auxiliary resonant commutated pole converter | Weak Solutions for SPDEs and Backward Doubly Stochastic Differential Equations | eng_Latn | 12,618 |
A fully-integrated switched-capacitor 2∶1 voltage converter with regulation capability and 90% efficiency at 2.3A/mm2 | Sampled-Data Modeling of Switched- Capacitor Voltage Regulator With Frequency-Modulation Control | Power management for USB2.0 5V supply using load resistive and switch capacitive detection approach | eng_Latn | 12,619 |
For asymmetric half-bridge converters, one of drawbacks is pretty narrow input voltage range, whose reasons are a leakage inductance for ZVS, its switches configuration and a blocking capacitor for clamping power switches with the input voltage. Therefore a hold-up time is more quite restricted for others. In this paper, it will be analyzed for a voltage conversion ratio of the converter. And a way to extend hold-up time for the converter will be shown. Finally, an asymmetrical half-bridge converter will be tested with 24V / 8A of output specification to verify the way. | Asymmetrical half-bridge converters with single output diode are known for ZVS, fixed frequency, PWM operation and good transformer utilisation. However, ZVS is obtained only at proper converter design. This paper provides uniquely a transition modelling and reveals that ZVS conditions can definitely not be calculated by simply regarding the energy in the inductors. | Asymmetrical half-bridge converters with single output diode are known for ZVS, fixed frequency, PWM operation and good transformer utilisation. However, ZVS is obtained only at proper converter design. This paper provides uniquely a transition modelling and reveals that ZVS conditions can definitely not be calculated by simply regarding the energy in the inductors. | eng_Latn | 12,620 |
Electric vehicles are an efficient alternative to gasoline-fuelled vehicles, but suffer from limited cruising range and long battery charging time. Wireless power transfer is among the solutions for these problems. By using it, the control of the power converters is essential for achieving high efficiency and desired power to the load at any time. Simultaneous regulation of both power and efficiency on the secondary side of WPT systems has already been proposed in past research. However, such control is still not verified in a dynamic scenario. Therefore, in this paper, the aforementioned control is applied to a dynamic charging scenario. The controllers are based on the online mutual inductance estimation, performed with recursive least square filter by constant trace algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed control effectively works in dynamic charging. | This paper presents the design of a 5 kW inductive charging system for electric vehicles (EVs). Over 90% efficiency is maintained from grid to battery across a wide range of coupling conditions at full load. Experimental measurements show that the magnetic field strength meets the stringent International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines for human safety. In addition, a new dual side control scheme is proposed to optimize system level efficiency. Experimental validation showed that a 7% efficiency increase and 25% loss reduction under light load conditions is achievable. The authors believe this paper is the first to show such high measured efficiencies for a level 2 inductive charging system. Performance of this order would indicate that inductive charging systems are reasonably energy efficient when compared to the efficiency of plug-in charging systems. | Hypothetical and actual cash willingness to pay (WTP) for an art print were elicited with dichotomous choice and open-ended question formats. Comparing hypothetical and actual dichotomous choice responses using both a likelihood ratio test and the method of convolutions suggests we reject equality at the 0.05 but not the 0.01 level. Hypothetical WTP was roughly two times actual WTP with the dichotomous choice format. There were no significant differences between the open-ended and dichotomous choice question formats when both were used to estimate hypothetical WTP or both used to estimate actual WTP. | eng_Latn | 12,621 |
Nowadays, climate change becomes serious problem in all around country. Especially because of global warming problem, every country is suffered from various natural disasters. To prevent these changes, every industry are keep requiring the increase in energy efficiency. Recently, in the regulation of CSCI (climate savers computing initiate), the efficiency of server power supply should meet the demand of 94% at 50% load condition by 2010, which is called platinum level. Hence, server power system has been dramatically developed with the various technique for the high efficiency of it. Among those technique, hold up time extension technique has received wide attention and has been researched for a long time. In this paper, technical trend of hold up time extension circuit will be covered for the high efficiency, high power density server power supply. | The analysis, design, and performance are discussed of a prototype high power-density converter suitable for use in the front-end of a distributed power supply system. The system delivers 1 kW to a regulated 40 V distribution bus from the rectified utility line. Its switching frequency is 500 kHz, and it uses a phase-shifted pulse-width modulation technique to avoid primary-side switching losses. The converter's topology is a standard power MOSFET H-bridge that drives a transformer. The output of this transformer is rectified by a full bridge of Schottky diodes. The switches of this forward converter are operated in a fixed-frequency PWM mode. The dominant parasitic elements are the transformer's leakage inductor, the MOSFETs' output capacitors, and the rectifiers' junction capacitors. Of these three groups of parasitic elements, only the leakage inductors do not result in a direct switching loss. To avoid MOSFET switching losses, the converter is controlled with a special gate-drive pattern that permits full recovery of the MOSFETs' capacitive energy. At the same time this drive scheme gives zero-voltage switching for the MOSFETs. The converter's efficiency at full load approaches 90%.<<ETX>> | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,622 |
This paper presents two topologies for street lighting system with high power factor (HPF) based on light emitting diodes (LEDs). The main characteristic of this work is to develop a circuit that supplies the LEDs by an alternative source (battery) during the peak load time (PLT). The peak load time is considered as the period in which the demand for power from the mains is maximum, and therefore the generation of the power plants and transmission lines must be able to meet this demand. In this work, a bidirectional flyback converter with two outputs is used to supply the LEDs from the mains and also to charge the battery. One topology uses an auxiliary winding to supply the LEDs from the battery. The other uses the same primary winding to supply the LEDs from the battery or from the mains. The flyback converter is composed of a single core for both topologies. Besides, a buck converter is used as Power Factor Correction (PFC) stage. The integration of these converters is performed in order to reduce the number of components and consequently, the volume and cost of the circuit. The converters were implemented and experimental results are shown in order to validate the design methodology, and to compare both topologies. | This paper presents comparison of single-stage Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) and integrated SEPIC-Buck converter to drive Light Emitting Diodes (LED) in general lighting from a storage capacitance reduction point of view. Considering the low lifetime of electrolytic capacitors compared to that of LEDs, this study aims to compare which topology allows for using the smaller bus capacitance replacing it by a longer lifetime capacitor technology, increasing the overall system reliability. The analysis considers the same input/output parameters for both converters. The single-stage topology is a SEPIC operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), which performs both power factor correction (PFC) and power control (PC) functions. In the integrated topology the PC stage is implemented by a Buck converter taking advantage of its output current source behavior, suitable for LED application. The design and implementation allows for a quantitative analysis between both topologies. The single-stage topology requires a 2.119 mF storage capacitance and achieves 85.12% efficiency, while the integrated topology requires a 187.5 μF storage capacitance and attains 83% efficiency for the same input/output parameters. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 12,623 |
This paper compares a non-isolated DC/DC converter (interleaved Buck/Boost) and an isolated converter (Dual Active Bridge) in a bidirectional charging application for Electric Vehicles. Both converters are modeled, controlled using small-signal models, and their operation in several modes is simulated and then compared. The results of the comparison using several criteria related to automotive applications are shown and discussed. | Electric vehicle (EV) numbers are expected to significantly increase in the coming years reflecting their potential to reduce air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. Charging such vehicles will impose additional demands on the electricity network but given the pattern of vehicle usage, the possibility exists to discharge the stored energy back to the grid when required, for example when lower than expected wind generation is available. Such vehicle-to-grid operation could see vehicle owners supplying the grid if they are rewarded for providing such services. This paper describes a model of an electric vehicle storage system integrated with a standardized power system (the IEEE 30-node power system model). A decision-making strategy is established for the deployment of the battery energy stored, taking account of the state of charge, time of day, electricity prices and vehicle charging requirements. Applying empirical data, the benefits to the network in terms of load balancing and the energy and cost savings available to the vehicle owner are analyzed. The results show that for the case under study, the EVs have only a minor impact on the network in terms of distribution system losses and voltage regulation but more importantly the vehicle owner's costs are roughly halved. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,624 |
This paper is a description of the operating principle and the circuit configuration of a new bridge-connected magnetic circuit proposed by the authors. This magnetic circuit is constructed by a toroidal amorphous magnetic core with high permeability and a usual magnetic core with low permeability and has a number of excellent characteristics in the operation. Using this circuit the authors made various interesting devices used as the instrument and the control. | This paper describes fundamental characteristics of a magnetic oscillation-type dc-ac power converter using bridge-connected magnetic circuit. An ac-voltage source such as the line electric power source is connected to an excitation winding of the magnetic oscillation circuit in series. The dc-ac converter can supply electric power to the ac-voltage source, and can control its output electric power with small dc-current, which flows through a winding of a U-form core of the bridge-connected magnetic circuit. Operation principle and fundamental characteristics of the converter are presented in this paper. | It is proved, by using topological properties, that when a group automorphism of a locally compact totally disconnected group is ergodic under the Haar measure, the group is compact. The result is an answer for Halmos's question that has remained open for the totally disconnected case. | eng_Latn | 12,625 |
Multicell multilevel converters are very interesting alternatives for high power applications. A modified mixed cascade flying capacitor multicell inverter is proposed in this paper which leads to reduction in the number of switches. The proposed configuration is used for compensation of voltage sag/swell and voltage unbalance. Simulation results by MATLAB simulink confirm the effectiveness of this configuration. | Multilevel inverter technology has emerged recently as a very important alternative in the area of high-power medium-voltage energy control. This paper presents the most important topologies like diode-clamped inverter (neutral-point clamped), capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor), and cascaded multicell with separate DC sources. Emerging topologies like asymmetric hybrid cells and soft-switched multilevel inverters are also discussed. This paper also presents the most relevant control and modulation methods developed for this family of converters: multilevel sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation, multilevel selective harmonic elimination, and space-vector modulation. Special attention is dedicated to the latest and more relevant applications of these converters such as laminators, conveyor belts, and unified power-flow controllers. The need of an active front end at the input side for those inverters supplying regenerative loads is also discussed, and the circuit topology options are also presented. Finally, the peripherally developing areas such as high-voltage high-power devices and optical sensors and other opportunities for future development are addressed. | Multilevel inverter technology has emerged recently as a very important alternative in the area of high-power medium-voltage energy control. This paper presents the most important topologies like diode-clamped inverter (neutral-point clamped), capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor), and cascaded multicell with separate DC sources. Emerging topologies like asymmetric hybrid cells and soft-switched multilevel inverters are also discussed. This paper also presents the most relevant control and modulation methods developed for this family of converters: multilevel sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation, multilevel selective harmonic elimination, and space-vector modulation. Special attention is dedicated to the latest and more relevant applications of these converters such as laminators, conveyor belts, and unified power-flow controllers. The need of an active front end at the input side for those inverters supplying regenerative loads is also discussed, and the circuit topology options are also presented. Finally, the peripherally developing areas such as high-voltage high-power devices and optical sensors and other opportunities for future development are addressed. | eng_Latn | 12,626 |
In this paper, the analysis of the steady-state characteristics for two-transformer asymmetrical half-bridge DC/DC power converters is presented. Based on the mathematical derivations, the ZVS condition of the power switches is quantized and a design procedure can be developed accordingly. The experimental results obtained from a 200 kHz 24 V/10 A prototype power converter with 92% efficiency is used to verify the analytical derivations. | In this paper, an analytical analysis and design for the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) PWM DC/DC Forward converter is featured. To gain insight sufficient to understand as well as design the system. It concludes that the ZVS condition of the converter can definitely not be calculated by simply regarding the stored energy in leakage inductance. The derived closed-form relationships can also be used to guarantee required boundary conditions. As a result, the converter design can be optimized for ZVS in all desired operation ranges. | Asymmetrical half-bridge converters with single output diode are known for ZVS, fixed frequency, PWM operation and good transformer utilisation. However, ZVS is obtained only at proper converter design. This paper provides uniquely a transition modelling and reveals that ZVS conditions can definitely not be calculated by simply regarding the energy in the inductors. | eng_Latn | 12,627 |
The architecture and algorithmic advancements of the Harris HSP50016 digital downconverter (DDC) are described. The DDC is a fully programmable single-chip downconverter designed to perform intermediate frequency (IF) to baseband processing for communications signal processing. The operation and specification of each major function within the DDC are described, and justification for key specifications is given. The end-to-end performance of the DDC is shown, and the methodology used for measuring the performance is explained. > | The architecture of an efficient high-decimation rate filter is presented. A high-decimation rate filter can extract narrowband signal intelligence from a wideband signal. As a result, it is important to many signal processing applications found in communications and instrumentation. The presented high-decimation rate filter is a multi-rate system consisting of a cascaded integrator-comb (CIC) section and a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The function of the CIC section is to perform efficient high-decimation filtering over the entire frequency band. The function of the FIR filter is to achieve prespecified transition band performance at baseband. The authors investigate the CMOS implementation of a 33 MHz high-decimation rate filter, its hardware implementation, and its performance. Examples of its use are also provided. > | The aim of this study is to propose a experimental verification for single-phase to three phase drive system composed of two parallel single-phase rectifiers, a three-phase inverter and an induction motor. Apart from traditional application in dc motor drives, new applications of BDC include energy storage in renewable energy systems, fuel cell energy systems, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). A dc-dc converter is always required to allow energy exchange between storage device and the rest of system. In HEV applications, BDCs are required to link different dc voltage buses and transfer energy between them. A non-isolated bi-directional dc-dc converters is used in our project to achieve better efficiency. | eng_Latn | 12,628 |
Climate change and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction efforts have generated an interest in microgrid research due to its ability to integrate renewable energy sources and storage to existing grid infrastructure. Economizing microgrids through use of DC microgrids has become a major research focus. This paper proposes a novel converter topology that offers high-efficiency, reduced filter requirements and the ability to handle all DC/DC conversions within DC microgrid systems. Specifically, the paper investigates potential control schemes that integrate solar photovoltaic (PV) sources and energy storage technology to a DC microgrid system. Converter operation and control is verified using PSCAD™ by simulating a realistic DC microgrid system using the proposed topology ti handle all DC/DC conversion. This paper examines system operating under normal operation (i.e. load demands, temperature and irradiance changes) and fault conditions. | Practical challenges in distributed generation and electric vehicles have motivated the rapid development of bidirectional multi-port dc-dc converters. This paper proposes a converter that not only can perform fast battery voltage balancing and limit ground leakage current, it also features low switching ripple and component count, providing significant cost savings from reduced filter requirements and improved efficiency. Experimental testing of a 3.3 kW prototype confirms the bidirectional power transfer capability and demonstrates above 99% converter efficiency over a wide range of input power. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,629 |
This work presents the operation of a PCB-embedded diode-clamped multilevel-converter integrated circuit (IC) fabricated in a lateral, high-voltage AlGaN/GaN-on-Si heterojunction technology. It is demonstrated, that PCB-embedding is an appropriate assembly technique for lateral power ICs with high-integration levels. By placing DC-link capacitors onto the IC-package, parasitc inductances in the power loop can be reduced to the sub-nH range. Considerations regarding common substrate biasing issues in lateral GaN-ICs enable the inverter operation of the 2 × 3 mm2-IC at input voltages up to 300V and output power levels of 45W at a switching frequency of 100 kHz. | LEDs have finally emerged as the dominant lighting technology. As such, the lighting industry values power converters that have high efficiency, unity power factor, minimal flicker, dimming, low cost, and a small form factor. This paper presents an integrated circuit (IC) LED driver that is designed to achieve these goals. It introduces multilevel converters with sigma–delta modulation to the power IC space. The driver features a pair of sigma–delta-controlled multilevel converters. The first is a multilevel rectifier responsible for power factor correction and dimming. The second is a bidirectional multilevel inverter used to cancel ac power ripple from the dc bus. The system also contains an output stage that powers the LEDs with dc and provides for galvanic isolation. The IC LED driver has been simulated and prototyped on a silicon fabrication process. Its functional performance indicates that integrated multilevel converters are a viable topology for lighting or other similar applications. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 12,630 |
This study presents a four-phase interleaved high voltage conversion ratio bidirectional DC-DC converter circuit based on coupled inductors and switched capacitors, which can eliminate the defects of conventional high voltage conversion ratio bidirectional DC-DC converters in terms of high-voltage/current stress, less efficiency and low-power limitation. Parallel channels are used to reduce current stress at the low-voltage side and series connected switched capacitors are used to enlarge voltage conversion ratio, reduce voltage stress and achieve auto current sharing. This paper proposes the operation principle, feature analysis and optimization design considerations. On this basis the objectives of high voltage conversion ratio, low voltage/current stress, high power density, high efficiency and high-power applications can be achieved. Some experimental results based on a 500 W prototype converter (24 V to 48 V at low-voltage side, 400 V at high-voltage side) are given to verify the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed converter. | The objective of this paper is to propose a modularized bidirectional single-phase grid-connected inverter (BGI) with constant-frequency asynchronous sigma-delta modulation (CF-ASDM) control for the renewable energy (RE)-supplied dc power system. The proposed BGI can be operated either in the inverter mode (IM) or rectified mode (RM); both are necessary features for the RE-supplied dc power system. By comparing to the conventional ASDM with variable switching frequency, the proposed CF-ASDM can simplify the filter design and can reduce the computational burden of the digital signal processor while maintaining the merit of quick dynamic response. Moreover, the proposed BGI has a redundant central controller which can increase the system reliability. The major contribution of this paper includes developing the modularized BGI with CF-ASDM control scheme for IM and RM operations thoroughly and applying it to the RE-supplied dc power system successfully. In this paper, the mathematical equations to achieve the constant switching frequency operation for the CF-ASDM will be derived. Computer simulations and hardware experiments are shown to verify the performance of the proposed modularized BGI with CF-ASDM control. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,631 |
The performance of Al-alloy bipolar plates for the PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) system is investigated in this paper. The metallic bipolar plates are modified with a Ni–P coating. The performance of the Al-alloy bipolar plates is evaluated by the coating structure, corrosion resistance, contact angle and single cell performance. The results indicate that the coated aluminium bipolar plates demonstrate hydrophobic and anti-corrosive properties. The hydrophobic property increases the contact angle on the surface from 46.08° to 80.51°. Meanwhile, the corrosion rate of the Ni–P coating can be over 1 order of magnitude lower than that of the substrate. Hence, the substrate with the coating maintains superior performance under the long term test. The present study proves that both the hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance significantly affect the metallic bipolar plate. | In this paper, a fuel cell/lithium battery hybrid system for portable applications is developed, the system includes a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack, two hydrogen canisters, a lithium battery, a DC/DC converter cascaded to fuel cell and control electronic subsystem. The hardware circuit is designed for the system and the software program is written to realize the energy management of the hybrid power system, keeping the fuel cell in a good working condition under the precondition of satisfying the load power demand. The dynamic and static characteristics of the system are tested, and the tests show that the hybrid system allows the output of fuel cell to be buffered when handles sudden load changes. Energy management strategy can increase life span of the fuel cell because it avoids the counter-polarization of fuel cell during load mutation. | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 12,632 |
A novel zero-voltage zero-current transition (ZVZCT) soft-switching cell was presented in this paper. Based on the soft-switching cell, novel ZVZCT PWM converter family was built. The converter family has such advantages as zero-voltage zero-current switching in main switch, zero-current turn-on and zero-voltage zero-current turn-off in auxiliary switch, zero-current zero-voltage turn-off and zero-voltage turn-on in freewheeling diode as well. In addition, pulse width modulation (PWM) control was achieved. The operation principles and experimental verification of buck ZVZCT PWM converter was given as an example of the proposed ZVZCT PWM converter family in detail. Experimental results completely verify theoretical analysis | A new family of zero-current-switching-zero-voltage-switching (ZCSZVS) pulse-width-modulation (PWM) converters are proposed. With the proposed ZCSZVS concept, the PSPICE simulation results of the application to a single-switch three-phase PFC rectifier have been obtained and compared with those of hard-switching and ZCT applications in order to show the excellent performance of the proposed ZCSZVS concept. | A new family of zero-current-switching-zero-voltage-switching (ZCSZVS) pulse-width-modulation (PWM) converters are proposed. With the proposed ZCSZVS concept, the PSPICE simulation results of the application to a single-switch three-phase PFC rectifier have been obtained and compared with those of hard-switching and ZCT applications in order to show the excellent performance of the proposed ZCSZVS concept. | eng_Latn | 12,633 |
Single stage z-source PWM controlled transformerless PV system for the generation of three-phase electrical power is presented in this research paper. The number of power processing stages in the proposed topology is single, thus offers high reliability and less component count. The proposed system does not only boost the low photovoltaic voltage, but also tracks the available maximum power through solar photovoltaic array with the help of modelled MPPT charge controller. The conversion topology results have been verified in MATLAB Simulink. Thus proposed SPV multilevel inverter offers low line harmonic distortion, less cost as compared to available conventional multilevel inverter. | This paper proposes a new modulation technique for an interleaved H-bridge qZS inverter that is intended for the single-phase photovoltaic systems. The potential benefits of this topology are reduced passive components and improved quality of energy generation. The modulation technique developed allows the maximum boost control for a better utilization of the dc-link. It is developed with the required phase-shifted carrier signals and wider shoot-through state generation than in simple boost control approach. | Maximum power point trackers (MPPT) are required in order to obtain optimal photovoltaic power. To achieve this task, an intelligent fuzzy particle swarm optimization (FPSO) MPPT algorithm has been proposed in this paper. Also an inverter control strategy has been gated with a ripple factor compensation-based modified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method. The proposed system performance is verified under varying sun irradiance, partial shadow, and loading conditions. For load bus voltage regulation, the buck-boost Zeta converter is selected due to least ripple voltage output. The experimental responses verify the efficiency and improved system performance, which is realized through a MATLAB/Simulink interfaced dSPACE DS1104 real-time board. The proposed MPPT and inverter current controller provides high tracking efficiency and anti-islanding protection with superior dynamic control of the system performance by injecting sinusoidal inverter current to the utility grid. The novelty of this paper is experimental implementation and verification of FPSO-based hybrid MPPT as well as modified SVPWM inverter control has neither been discussed nor implemented before using dSPACE platform by the author's best review. | eng_Latn | 12,634 |
This paper presents a family of four-quadrant dc-dc converters with minimal number of switches and passive devices. These converters employ a Z-source or a quasi-Z-source network with two active switches to provide four quadrant operation which means bipolar output voltage and bidirectional current operation. Bipolar output operation can also be realized by using one active switch and a diode. They also own buck and boost characteristics when the duty cycle is changed from zero to one. At 0.5 duty cycle, these converters can output either zero or infinity voltage. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity and features of these circuits. | In this paper, a new isolated high step-up dc–dc converter is proposed based on the quasi-switched-boost network. The proposed converter has the following features: 1) continuous input current; 2) reduced turn ratio of the isolated transformer; 3) increased reliability, as it can operate in either short-circuit mode or open-circuit mode without causing damage to the power converter; and 4) unchanged primary and secondary voltage waveforms of the transformer, although the shoot-through duty cycle is variable. Compared to the quasi- Z -source-based isolated dc–dc converter, the proposed converter uses fewer passive components. The operating principles, analysis, parameter design guideline, and comparison with the quasi- Z -source-based isolated dc–dc converter are presented. A 450 W prototype is built to test the proposed converter. The proposed converter is applicable for distributed power generation applications where a varying low dc input voltage is converted to a high stabilized dc output voltage with a galvanic separation requirement. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,635 |
Frequency drifting is a common problem in an inductive power transfer (IPT) system. Conventional autonomous oscillation method for maintaining soft switching is challenged due to the drawbacks of feedback delay and disturbance, resonant failure, and requirements of additional start-up circuit. A novel frequency tracking method based on short current detection is proposed for IPT applications. In addition, an instantaneous short current detection method utilizing cheap comparator is proposed. Furthermore, a fast and accurate tracking method is proposed to calculate the frequency mismatch and make a correction. The method can realize accurate frequency correction in several oscillation periods. Furthermore, the method is simple and economic for hardware implementation. Finally, the results of the experiment and comparison results verified the frequency tracking method. | When wirelessly supplying electric power to movable devices using capacitive power transfer (CPT) technology, the sudden move in and move out of the pickup will cause a sudden change to the system structure. As a result, the current and voltage of the inverter may increase dramatically, which may destroy the semiconductor switches or other circuit components, and the system may consume a lot of power after the pickup is removed. To address the issues, this paper proposes an F-type compensated CPT system based on the characteristics of the inductor–capacitor–inductor resonant network. A steady-state model of the proposed CPT system is established, and a set of design equations is provided. The feasibility and validity of the proposed topology and its parameter design method have been verified by the simulation and experimental results. It has demonstrated experimentally that the CPT prototype can be self-protected and automatically enter standby mode after the pickup is removed, and restore to deliver the required power (>25 W) to the load at a high power efficiency (>80%) after the pickup is moved back to the primary circuit, which are the inherent features of the proposed system rather than relying on any additional detection and control. | Electric vehicles (EVs) are quickly gaining widespread interest as attractive alternatives to conventional petrol driven vehicles. If EVs derive some or all of their power from renewable sources, then they can help reduce global dependence on fossil fuels for transportation. Inductive power transfer (IPT) is a method that can transfer power to EVs over an air gap without physical contact. If IPT systems are incorporated into highways, then EVs can be charged dynamically as they travel. This will dramatically increase the range, convenience and safety of EV charging as well as reduce range anxiety and battery bank capacities. One of the major difficulties involves detecting an EV as it travels along the highway. By detecting the approaching EV, the primary power supply can energize the primary IPT coupler buried in the roadway to enable contactless power transfer to the EV. A three coil detection system, which focuses on these sensor coils and which is independent of the specific IPT coupler used, is presented to allow the power supply to detect the approaching EV mounted secondary IPT coupler. The proposed detection method was tested on a laboratory scale prototype and can detect EVs approaching at different speeds, ground clearances, and horizontal misalignments. | eng_Latn | 12,636 |
In this paper, the operating principle of the coupled inductor filter is analyzed, meanwhile the parasitic parameters and component variations due to tolerances are also considered. These results help to characterize the design guidelines to achieve a proper filter together with an acceptable attenuation gain under non-ideal factors. Then a three-winding coupled inductor filter is adopted for enhancing the power density and large signal bandwidth as well as for preventing input and output current ripples, compared with a traditional boost converter with separate filter inductors. All of the theoretical findings and design approaches are verified by experimental results. | Conventional filter circuits suffer from a number of limitations, including performance degradation due to capacitor parasitic inductance and the size and cost of magnetic elements. Coupled-magnetic filters have been developed that provide increased filter order with a single magnetic component, but also suffer from parasitic inductance in the filter shunt path due to imperfectly-controlled coupling of the magnetics. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to coupled-magnetic filters that overcomes these limitations. Filter sensitivity to variations in coupling is overcome by adaptively tuning the magnetic circuit for minimum rms ripple performance with feedback based on the sensed filter output ripple. This active control enables much greater robustness to manufacturing and environmental variations than is possible in the conventional "zero-ripple" coupled-magnetic approach, while preserving its advantages. Moreover, the proposed technique also adaptively cancels the deleterious effects of capacitor parasitic inductance, thereby providing much higher filter performance than is achievable in conventional designs. The new technique is experimentally demonstrated in a dc-dc power converter application and is shown to provide high performance | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,637 |
Statistic sensitivity optimization of non-drift all-pole active low-pass filters | Non-drift all-pole active low-pass filters are widely used for their non-drift characteristics.Based on the definition of statistic sensitivity and theory deduction,an optimum method is put forth for statistic sensitivity of the non-drift all-pole active low-pass filters.Their feasibility is proved by the low rank system model.It can be deduced that the system sensitivity is the lowest when all the βi are equal to one.The decentralization rate of resistance and capacitance is lowered very much,and the number of the needed elements is reduced to the half of the formal ones,so as to realize the objects of system simplification. | The resonant element parameters design for LLC resonant converter has an important affect to the converter performance.To solve the problems of the voltage gain nonlinear changes,the switching frequency is too large when it works in light load,combined the characteristic analysis of converter,a series of constraint conditions for resonance element parameters are showed.On the basis of this,the paper summarizes the resonant network design steps of inductance,capacitance,and transformer parameters selection methods.The experimental results from one 500 W LLC converter show that the proposed design method is feasible,it is possible to meet the design requirements. | eng_Latn | 12,638 |
Test analysis of voltage transformer based on resistive-capacitive divider | This paper presents the theory and experiment's process of the resistive-capacitive potential transformer.The result shows that the transformer based on this principle can transfer the input voltage signal to second side exactly.It has good linearity,and transient process can be responsed accurately and rapidly. | The present invention relates to a battery (1) with integrated discharge circuit comprising a battery cell (2) comprising a positive pole and a negative pole, a transistor (3) which comprises a control contact and two switching contacts which, with its switching contacts between the positive pole and the negative pole is connected to enable discharge of the battery cell (2) via the transistor (3), and a control circuit (4) which is adapted at the discharge of the battery cell (2) a discharge current (I | eng_Latn | 12,639 |
Comparison of short-circuit current contribution of Doubly-Fed induction generator based wind turbines and synchronous generator | The IEC-60909 is based on assumptions that may not be valid for Wind Turbines (WT) with Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG-WT), since the DFIG has a different short-circuit response compared to the synchronous generator (SG). This paper presents a comparison of short-circuit behaviors of DFIG and SG based on IEC-60909 definitions, in order to assess the differences between the two generators, as a first step for establishing a mathematical model to predict DFIG-WT short-circuit current and evaluating the suitability of IEC-60909 for DFIG-WT. A nonlinear optimization was used to extract the different components of the fault current by fitting a model based on the IEC-60909 short-circuit definition to the simulated short-circuit current. The results show that the DFIG has a different short-circuit response compared to the SG; also that the IEC-60909 short-circuit definitions are not suitable to the DFIG. | This letter presents a dual-mode control scheme to improve the efficiency of a flyback converter in a wide load range. The proposed flyback converter features a novel dual-mode operation. The valley-switching technique is adopted to reduce the switching loss at light load. On the other hand, the fixed off-time (FOT) control with continuous conduction mode (CCM) operations decrease the conduction losses at heavy load. The principles and design procedures of the proposed dual-mode controller are discussed and analyzed. Finally, a 140-W dual-mode flyback converter with an output voltage of 19 V is implemented. Experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis. | eng_Latn | 12,640 |
Switchable transmission in a handheld power tool | A shiftable transmission in a handheld power tool has at least two gear ratios, which are insert an adjustable switch, wherein the switch member is a housing held locking element in a locking position in a first gear stage. Furthermore, a spindle for receiving a tool on an axially spring-loaded gear driven, wherein the gear wheel is on the opposite side of the switching element on the securing element axially supported. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,641 |
Effect of continuously compressive pressure on espression of RANKLmRNA in human periodontal ligament fibroblast in vitro | Objective To study the effect of continuously compressive pressure(CCP) on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL) in human periodontal ligament cells(HPDLs),and to investigate the role of continuously compressive pressure in alveolar bone rebuilding during orthordontic tooth movement.Methods HPDLCs were isolated from human periodontal ligament by explanting enzymatic digestion with trypsin and collagenase.Estanblish a pressure model,sustained static pressure 0Kpa、50 Kpa、100 Kpa、150 Kpa、200 Kpa were laid on HPDLCs for 0h、0.5h、1h、1.5h、2h、4h、6h、12h,respectively.The RANKL expression was identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reation(RT-PCR).Results The expression of RANKLmRNA significant increased after pressure exposed,especially in the group of 100 Kpa pressure lasted for 1.5 hours.Conclusion CCP can up-regulate the expression of RANKLmRNA in HPDLFs.100 Kpa pressure lasted for 1.5 hours was the suitable condition. | The resonant element parameters design for LLC resonant converter has an important affect to the converter performance.To solve the problems of the voltage gain nonlinear changes,the switching frequency is too large when it works in light load,combined the characteristic analysis of converter,a series of constraint conditions for resonance element parameters are showed.On the basis of this,the paper summarizes the resonant network design steps of inductance,capacitance,and transformer parameters selection methods.The experimental results from one 500 W LLC converter show that the proposed design method is feasible,it is possible to meet the design requirements. | eng_Latn | 12,642 |
HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR ON BOARD SHIP | On ships with high electrical power requirements, low-voltage systems are no longer adequate, so that high voltage of 3 and 7.2 kV are also necessary. Very high demands are imposed on the necessary switchgear. A special type of switchgear particularly suitable for this purpose is briefly described. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | yue_Hant | 12,643 |
Changes induced in the properties of dielectric silicone elastomers by the incorporation of transition metal complexes | Three new, cheap, and easily obtained complexes of triethanolamine with Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) were incorporated in a high-molecular-weight polydimethylsiloxane-α,ω-diol (number-average molecular weight = 440,000 g mol−1) together with silica nanoparticles. While silica has a well-known mechanical reinforcing role, adding the metal complexes with high dielectric permittivity aims to increase values for this characteristic of the prepared silicone composites in order to be useful for electromechanical applications. A simple procedure was employed for the incorporation of fillers by mechanical mixing in bulk without a solvent. The composites were processed as films and stabilized by curing initiated with 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide at high temperature (180°C) and pressure. The cross-linking yield was estimated on the basis of swelling in chloroform, while the cross-linking density was calculated from differential scanning calorimetry traces. The filler’s effect on mechanical and dielectric properties w... | According to the actual demand of hybrid EMU, this paper introduces the characteristics of lithium titanate battery, circuit topology, and working principles of Bi-DC/DC converter. Taking into account the different operating conditions, corresponding control strategies are proposed. A simulation model is established using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of control strategies. Finally, a full power test of battery energy storage system was done with the experimental platform. | eng_Latn | 12,644 |
total strong ( weak ) domination in bipolar fuzzy graph . | Bipolar Fuzzy Graphs | An improved scheme for high-efficiency push-pull converter using single winding self-driven synchronous rectification | eng_Latn | 12,645 |
Cycle-borrow digital valley current control of buck DC-DC converter | Proximate Time-Optimal Digital Control for Synchronous Buck DC–DC Converters | Out of Time: Automated Lip Sync in the Wild | eng_Latn | 12,646 |
Photovoltaic DC-Building-Module-Based BIPV System—Concept and Design Considerations | Evaluation of three-phase transformerless photovoltaic inverter topologies | Design and control of an LCL-filter based three-phase active rectifier | yue_Hant | 12,647 |
Measurement of Dissociative States with the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) | The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for the measurement of present-state dissociative symptoms, the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Reported here are interrater reliability and internal consistency of the CADSS, validity as assessed by comparisons with other instruments for the assessment of dissociation, and sensitivity of the CADSS to discriminate patients with dissociative disorders from patients with other psychiatric disorders and healthy subjects. Initial analyses indicated good interrater reliability and construct validity for the CADSS. Scores on the CADSS discriminated patients with dissociative disorders from the other groups. | The DC and small-signal models of quasi-resonant converters, operating in both half-wave and full-wave modes, are developed in a suitable form for computer simulation. The starting step is the extraction of a minimum separable switching configuration (MISSCO) containing all power switches but a minimum number of other components (resonant ones). By using the step-response analysis and average technique, and by perturbing and separating the DC and AC components in the resulting equations, the equivalent models of MISSCO are derived. They are introduced in the converter structure to replace the circuit initially extracted. Models of different quasi-resonant converters can be obtained by this general approach. The analysis takes into account the conduction losses of the switching devices and reactive elements, which improves considerably the model accuracy. Model-based computer simulation agrees with the experimental results. > | eng_Latn | 12,648 |
Acceleration of Dielectric Charging in RF MEMS Capacitive Switches | Abstract : To design and validate accelerated life tests of RF MEMS capacitive switches, acceleration factors of charging effects in switch dielectric were quantitatively characterized. From the measured charging and discharging transient currents at different temperatures and control voltages, densities and time constants of dielectric traps were extracted. A charging model was constructed to predict the amount of charge injected into the dielectric and the corresponding shift in actuation voltage under different acceleration factors such as temperature, peak voltage, duty factor, and frequency of the control waveform. Agreement was obtained between the model prediction and experimental data. It was found that temperature, peak voltage, and duty factor were critical acceleration factors for dielectric-charging effects whereas frequency had little effect on charging. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,649 |
SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON ELECTRONIC ENERGY OF ITINERANT-ELECTRON METAMAGNETIC MATERIALS WITH VOLUME-DEPENDENT EXCHANGE ENERGY | Electronic energy of itinerant-electron metamagnetic materials is examined by taking into consideration volume-dependent exchange energy between up and down spin electrons. In particular, the average value of the electronic energy is formulated in terms of the energy bandwidth which is closely related to volume; from the above average value, the average value of the exchange energy may be evaluated. | According to the actual demand of hybrid EMU, this paper introduces the characteristics of lithium titanate battery, circuit topology, and working principles of Bi-DC/DC converter. Taking into account the different operating conditions, corresponding control strategies are proposed. A simulation model is established using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of control strategies. Finally, a full power test of battery energy storage system was done with the experimental platform. | yue_Hant | 12,650 |
NOVEL LINEAR TRANSFORMATION SWITCHED-CAPACITOR FILTER DESIGN | This paper presents a novel method that is applied to realize the Linear Transformation(LT)Switched-Capacitor Filter(SCF).It adopts the Voltage Control Voltage Source(VCVS)equalized transfor-mation to revise the original LC ladder filter and induce it into 16 basic sections and then extend the princi-ple of the LT in order to fit active and 3 port networks and give out switched-capacitor circuits corre-sponding to the 16 basic sections,which can realize all four kinds of filters——LP,HP,BP,BS filters.De-signed examples are given here.An Nth order filter only requires N amplifiers and the circuit is insensitive toparasitic capacitances.The experimental results of a 3rd order elliptic LP and a 6th order elliptic BP are giv-en and agree with the theory. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | yue_Hant | 12,651 |
Research of the polymer-MWCNT emitters in AC power supply | AC high voltage power supply impacts the emission stability of carbon polymeric nanocomposite. It is shown that threshold values of an electric field in the bipolar mode, related to the material transfer beginning from one electrode to another, are determined by the polymeric compound used in the nanocomposite emitter. | The small signal behavior of a frequency controlled resonant converter is modeled as an equivalent PWM converter. By this model, a recently developed simulation algorithm for PWM converter is modified to simulate the open loop small signal behavior. PSPICE simulation results show that this approach is accurate and efficient. | eng_Latn | 12,652 |
Coupled inductor based high set-up quasi Z-source inverters | Coupled inductor based high set-up quasi-Z-source inverters with continuous input current (CL-qZSI), can get a higher boost ratio compared to Z-source inverters. Topology derivation and operating principle of CL-qZSI are analyzed in details. From comparison of voltage stress of passive components, influence of turn ratio and duty cycle on the boost factor and comparison of volume of coupled inductor, characteristics of CL-qZSI are analyzed. A prototype is established in the lab to verify the theory. | Abstract A simple method to engineer qutrit state with biphotons is realized. The method is based on Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer and it is insensitive to disturbance comparing to Mach–Zehnder interferometer in principle. Moreover, a tomography procedure is employed to reconstruct the output states. | eng_Latn | 12,653 |
A Resonant PWM DC/DC Converter with Coreless Transformer for Light Electric Vehicles On-Board Charger | This paper suggests a DC/DC converter with coreless transformer for electric vehicle chargers. Since the coreless transformer has low coupling coefficient, the converter uses resonance but its powe... | This paper proposes dynamic battery modeling for LiFePO4 battery simulator. LiFePO4 battery of Li-ion type battery has best characteristic in other type of batteries. So this paper describes LiFePO4 battery model for battery simulator. LiFePO4 battery's voltage waveform is non-linear and changed by transient load. So the shepherd model is applied to describe this non-linear waveform and thevenin battery model is applied to present characteristics of behavior corresponding to the changing of transient load. Also, in order to apply battery model to battery simulator, proposed battery model is converted to discrete time model. Parameters of proposed battery model are estimated in experimental. The proposed battery model is compared getting the voltage waveforms of the battery using experiment with simulation's waveforms is verified. | eng_Latn | 12,654 |
Core Construction for Large Constant Voltage Transformers | Three classes of cores have been used for constant voltage transformers: separate series cores; leakage-shunt cores; and Wroblewski cores. The separate series reactor and main core is not economical nor suitable for special windings. The leakage-shunt core is suitable for high-volume production, but dissipates heat inadequately in the large sizes. The Wroblewski core provides full design freedom for large constant voltage transformers. | According to the actual demand of hybrid EMU, this paper introduces the characteristics of lithium titanate battery, circuit topology, and working principles of Bi-DC/DC converter. Taking into account the different operating conditions, corresponding control strategies are proposed. A simulation model is established using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of control strategies. Finally, a full power test of battery energy storage system was done with the experimental platform. | eng_Latn | 12,655 |
Non-linear control of a paralleled half-bridge complementary-control converter system with a single-wire current sharing | This paper proposes the design of a non-linear control of paralleled half-bridge with complementary-control (HBCC) converters. A large-signal model of the paralleled system is presented in order to deduce the non-linear control structure that is applied to the converters. Current sharing among converters is achieved by using a single-wire current-share scheme. The control behavior of the system has been tested with proper simulations for the paralleled system. | Spray columns have received considerable attention as direct contact heat exchangers due to their potential high throughput, as well as their near perfect counterflow operations if one-dimensional flow is obtainable. In practice, the degree of success in obtaining one-dimensional flow has depended on the design of the injectors for the disperse and continuous phases. In the past, the design of the injectors have been a trial and error procedure not sufficiently backed up by analyses. In this paper, theoretical analyses are carried out and several designs are evaluated. The influence of proper inlet conditions for the continuous phase to assure near one-dimensional flow is illustrated. | eng_Latn | 12,656 |
Impact of Inductors Saturation on DC-DC Switching Regulators | This paper discusses the impact of ferrite inductors saturation on the performances of DC-DC switching regulators. This analysis demystifies some misconceptions about the influence of inductor saturation on power converters performances. Case studies and examples presented in this paper show that inductor saturation can be tolerated by switching regulators, depending on topology, semiconductor power components and control. Moreover, under certain conditions, the performances of DC-DC regulators with small saturating inductors are comparable to those ones obtained with large non-saturated inductors. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,657 |
Power Generation Using Speed Breaker with Auto Street Light | In the present day scenario, power is a major need for human life. There is a need to develop non- conventional sources for power generation due to the reason that our conventional sources of power are getting scarcer by the day. This paper emphasises on the idea that the kinetic energy getting wasted while vehicles move can be utilized to generate power by using a special arrangement called "power hump". This generated power can be used for general purpose applications like streetlights, traffic signals. In addition, we could also have solar panels, which would satisfy our power needs, when there is no vehicular movement. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,658 |
Management unit and method for managing electric energy stored in a battery | The invention relates to a management unit and a method for managing electric energy stored in a battery. A management unit (1) and method for managing electric energy stored in a battery (2) composed of a number of series-connected cells (3), the management unit (1) having: a main equalizing circuit (4), which forms the primary of an electric transformer (5) and has a constant alternating-current generator (6) powered by the battery (2) and which feeds alternating current of constant intensity through the main equalizing circuit (4); and, for each cell (3) of the battery (2), a secondary equalizing circuit (7), which forms the secondary of the electric transformer (5), is connected parallel to the cell (3), has a one-way electronic device (8) which imposes electric current flow to the cell (3) in one direction only, and is connected to a drive device (9) that can be activated to zero the voltage applied to the cell (3) by the secondary equalizing circuit (7). | A novel capacitorless DRAM cell with enhanced retention performance is investigated. The write / read mechanisms, speed, retention performance are studied with numerical simulations. Further, the manufacturing method of this device is briefly discussed. | eng_Latn | 12,659 |
Protection circuit for a switching power supply | In a protection circuit of the supply unit for electronic apparatuses, the switch transistor (4) is necessarily maintained in the closed state by a control circuit (10, 11, 12) till the transformer (2) of the supply unit is completely discharged. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,660 |
The Direct Power Predictive Control of the Three-Phase PWM Rectifier | This paper established the mathematical model of the three- phase voltage- type PWM rectifier and analyzed the principle of the direct power control. In order to overcome the unstable frequency and poor stability of the traditional direct power control switch,a predictive direct power control( P- DPC) method combined with the space vector control strategy was designed and verified through simulation. The research and simulation analysis showed that the application of the P- DPC gave the system the features like simple structure and algorithm,quick dynamic response,high power factor,constant switching frequency and low THD. | Summary A low frequency noise analysing system is set up with a multi-channel detector. The multi-channel detector includes a PCD Image Sensor which has 256 sensing elements. Light output of a laser diode is divided into various wavelengths. The light spectral intensities are measured at various wavelengths. | eng_Latn | 12,661 |
Development of a New Contactor Suitable for Air-conditioning Industry | According to special requirements to a contactor suggested by the air-conditioning factory,the paper puts forward a plan of advanced contactor,and puts forward guiding suggestions to critical components of the contactor. | Abstract This paper describes an interface method to utilize the hybrid system with fuel cell and battery. The hybrid system has unique advantage to manage energy state between high energy system (fuel cell) and high power system (battery) according to various type ofload. First, the hybrid system is completely modelled and simulated by using Simplorer. The models are sufficiently correct by considering many parameters. Interface method is realized by constructing a DC-DC converter, and experimented under various load conditions. | eng_Latn | 12,662 |
Soft-switching in single-stage AC-DC PWM full-bridge converters | Soft-switching in single-stage AC-DC pulse width modulated (PWM) full-bridge converters is investigated in this paper. This is done by examining an example converter that uses an active auxiliary circuit to help it achieve soft-switching for an extended load range. In the paper, the operation of the example converter is explained in detail, considerations for the design and implementation of the auxiliary circuit components are discussed, and experimental results obtained from a prototype are presented. Conclusions on the usefulness of soft-switching techniques in single-stage PWM full-bridge converters in general are made by comparing the efficiency of the example converter operating with and without the auxiliary circuit. | The current impact of directly or step-down cutting-in of traditional wind power generation is extremely high,and the stator field-oriented vector control is in the same way due to inaccurate stator flux.By analyzing the operation behavior and model of variable-speed constant-frequency (VSCF) wind power generation based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG),the model of DFIG with no load was founded,and a idle load cutting-in control strategy was developed based on grid voltage orientation.The experimental results validated the proposed idle load cutting-in scheme is an relatively ideal cutting-in approach for the VSCF wind power generation based on DFIG. | eng_Latn | 12,663 |
Electrostatic energy storage. [For automobile propulsion] | The advantages of capacitor storage of energy, particularly for automotive use, are reviewed and compared with alternatives. A few suggestions for research possibilities for possibly suitable organic dielectrics are given. | TECAP has three models for the GaAs MESFET, the quadratic model, the cubic model, and the Statz model. The authors investigated the accuracy of these three models. The maximum error and the r.m.s. (root mean square) error between simulated and measured DC characteristics I/sub D/ vs. V/sub GS/ and I/sub D/ vs. V/sub DS/ show that the Statz model has the best accuracy for HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) DC simulation. > | eng_Latn | 12,664 |
New Zinc–Vanadium (Zn–V) Hybrid Redox Flow Battery: High-Voltage and Energy-Efficient Advanced Energy Storage System | Herein for the first time, we have reported the performance and characteristics of new high-voltage zinc–vanadium (Zn–V) metal hybrid redox flow battery using a zinc bromide (ZnBr2)-based electrolyte. The Zn–V system showed an open-circuit voltage of 1.85 V, which is very close to that of zinc–bromine flow cell. The obtained results exhibited a voltaic, Coulombic, and energy efficiencies of 88, 82, and 72% at 20 mA.cm–2, respectively, in which low-cost microporous membrane was used as a separator. However, the cell tested using Nafion-117 membrane showed voltaic, Coulombic, and energy efficiencies of 84, 83, and 71%, respectively at a current density of 20 mA.cm–2. Furthermore, the Zn–V cell performance is also compared with the Zn–Br2 flow system to highlight the advancement of the new Zn–V system. The cell also showed stable performance up to 50 cycles at a current density of 20 mA.cm-2. | This paper describes the wind tunnel aeroelastic testing of a Remotely Piloted flight Vehicle (RPV) with adaptive piezoelectric wings. The aeroelastic response to gusts and performance of the RPV wing using traditional aerodynamic control surface methods is compared to the results obtained using piezoelectric (PZT) actuation. Additionally, piezoelectric shunting, a passive form of control is used in order to create system redundancy, thus improving the RPV flight safety in the flight envelope worst-case scenario. Finally, implementation guidelines in terms of power requirements, miniaturization aspects, and the hardware in the loop required for the successful flight testing of the adaptive RPV are also provided. | eng_Latn | 12,665 |
Low-threshold current low-voltage vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-Al-content p-type mirrors grown by MOCVD | InGaAs quantum-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-Al-content p-type mirrors grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have have been characterized. Series resistance in p-type Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/GaAs mirrors decreases drastically as the Al content in Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As decreases from AlAs. Air-post devices with a p-type Al/sub 0.06/Ga/sub 0.4/As/GaAs top mirror exhibit a room temperature CW threshold current of 1.8 mA at an operating voltage of 2.0 V (with a threshold power consumption at 3.6 mW). > | This paper presents a type of converter working with high voltage and used for high step down voltage reduction. The converter can be used as the core for the construction of a Power Electronic Transformer (PET). A Single-Star Bridge Cells Modular Multilevel Cascade Converter (MMCC) is used to create a AC/DC or DC/DC converter with high step down voltage ratio. The converter uses LLC resonant converters to transfer the energy from the MMCC cells to the load. Despite the idea to use modular converters for the construction of PET is not new, in the classical PET the control is in charge of the cell voltage balancing and for the second stage the load sharing regulation. The proposed converter can work with a more simple control ensuring the load sharing and the voltage balancing thanks the property of parallelized LLC resonant converters. The work reports simulation results with main parameter variations. | eng_Latn | 12,666 |
Introduction of Energy Efficient Solutions During Cast Iron Smelting at PJSC “NLMK” | The use of coke with hot strength of 60–65% in the blast furnaces of PJSC “NLMK” allowed to increase the intensity of the blast furnace smelting and utilize the efficiency enhancement potential associated with the reduction in specific heat losses, increase in the degree of gas utilization, and increase in gas pressure at the furnace top. As a result, a plant-average coke consumption of 376 kg per ton of cast iron was achieved in 2015. | The power control of a DC load can be achieved via an AC-DC converter consisting of a rectifier bridge and a switching element operating by sPWM technique. The use of such a converter causes a lot of high harmonics at the AC side, which reduce the power factor and distort the grid voltage. Using passive filter in the converter input to avoid the high harmonics consequences the power factor decrease. To improve the power factor an appropriate sPWM operation of the switching element is proposed in this paper. The system behavior is studied through simulation and experimental investigation. The power factor correction is verified. | eng_Latn | 12,667 |
Analysis of the Benefit of Land Reclamation and its Application | In order to make a scientific study on the benefit of land reclamation, the present paper makes an index system to analyze the land reclamation benefit of mining subsidence in the eastern plain with middle prelatic level. Besides, the quantitative research is also carried out combined with practical examples. On the basis of the study above, the paper analyzes the effect of the benefit and investment cost on time. | The resonant element parameters design for LLC resonant converter has an important affect to the converter performance.To solve the problems of the voltage gain nonlinear changes,the switching frequency is too large when it works in light load,combined the characteristic analysis of converter,a series of constraint conditions for resonance element parameters are showed.On the basis of this,the paper summarizes the resonant network design steps of inductance,capacitance,and transformer parameters selection methods.The experimental results from one 500 W LLC converter show that the proposed design method is feasible,it is possible to meet the design requirements. | eng_Latn | 12,668 |
Two-minimum-component single current conveyor RC oscillators | Two minimum-component RC-sinusoidal oscillator circuits using current conveyors are presented. Each circuit uses a single current conveyor, two resistors and two capacitors. The two circuits enjoy low sensitivities. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,669 |
Analysis and design of a dual-mode flyback converter | This letter presents a dual-mode control scheme to improve the efficiency of a flyback converter in a wide load range. The proposed flyback converter features a novel dual-mode operation. The valley-switching technique is adopted to reduce the switching loss at light load. On the other hand, the fixed off-time (FOT) control with continuous conduction mode (CCM) operations decrease the conduction losses at heavy load. The principles and design procedures of the proposed dual-mode controller are discussed and analyzed. Finally, a 140-W dual-mode flyback converter with an output voltage of 19 V is implemented. Experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis. | Chalmers University of TechnologyDepartment of Information TheoryS-412 96 Gothenburg, Swedenphone +46 31 772 17 51 or +46 70 565 48 20fax +46 31 772 17 48e-mail [email protected]. Novel coherent detectors for DQPSKand π/4-DQPSK on fading channels are pre-sented. The phase reference for the decisiondevice is derived by mean square error estimationof the fading process. A finite impulse responsefilter is used for this purpose. The decision deviceis a traditional coherent detector. Both 1 and 2stage detectors are considered. The proposeddetectors show significantly better performancein fast fading compared to a differential detector. | eng_Latn | 12,670 |
Improving current regulation for offline LED driver | A buck converter is a very common choice for non-isolated offline LED applications, using peak current regulation. The problem for peak current regulation is that the average current of the LED string will vary with different numbers of LEDs. This paper presents two simple and cost effective ways to compensate the average current variation without losing the simplicity of peak current regulation. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,671 |
An Automotive Electronic Climate Control Heating and Air Conditioning System | The Cadillac electronic climate control heating and air conditioning system provides automatic control of the passenger compartment temperature. It utilizes a microcomputer to control the operation of electrical, mechanical and vacuum components that regulate the amount and temperature of air delivered into the car to maintain the "customer set" comfort level. The first step in the evolution of this new system was to define the performance requirements. With this established, the system was then designed, tested and developed in the laboratory and on the road until this desired performance was achieved. | According to the actual demand of hybrid EMU, this paper introduces the characteristics of lithium titanate battery, circuit topology, and working principles of Bi-DC/DC converter. Taking into account the different operating conditions, corresponding control strategies are proposed. A simulation model is established using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of control strategies. Finally, a full power test of battery energy storage system was done with the experimental platform. | kor_Hang | 12,672 |
Dielectric response and tunability of a dielectric-paraelectric composite | A theoretical study was carried out to determine the dielectric response and tunability of a composite consisting of a linear, low-loss dielectric matrix with uniformly sized, randomly distributed paraelectric Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 (BST 60/40) particles as functions of the volume fraction and size of the particles. The field dependence of the polarization and the dielectric response of the inclusions are specified through a nonlinear thermodynamic model and then incorporated into a two-dimensional finite element analysis. Near the percolation threshold for BST particles (∼27% to 45% depending on the particle size), high dielectric tunabilities with a lower effective permittivity than monolithic BST can be realized. | According to the actual demand of hybrid EMU, this paper introduces the characteristics of lithium titanate battery, circuit topology, and working principles of Bi-DC/DC converter. Taking into account the different operating conditions, corresponding control strategies are proposed. A simulation model is established using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of control strategies. Finally, a full power test of battery energy storage system was done with the experimental platform. | eng_Latn | 12,673 |
Transistors in 4A toll crossbar switching | THE LATEST ADVANCE in the automatic handling of toll telephone calls is the 4A Toll Crossbar Switching System. The heart of this system is the card translator. In it is stored the necessary information to route a call to any one of the toll or local offices in the United States and Canada. Its operation is based on selecting a pattern of light beams corresponding to the routing information required. Determination of the routing information is made by detecting which light beams, called channels, are present during each translation. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,674 |
Energy Management Strategy of Multiple Objects Control for Hybrid Electric Vehicles | To meet the requirements in the performance of hybrid electric vehicle and improve its efficiency in energy utilization,the strategy of energy management is studied.According to the energy relationship between power units and loads,and based on the relationship between battery pack SOC and charging/discharging properties,management is integrated considering both fuel consumption optimal control for the engine and constant SOC control for the battery pack.It is validated by a series of experiments on a prototype vehicle.The results indicated that the battery pack could be kept in the best working conditions and the fuel economy was improved by about 8%. | The invention discloses an MVB device status word transmission method based on load balance. Before bus resource allocation, all cyclic loads in a whole macrocycle are calculated according to allocation of application ports, calculation results are sequenced from small to large, and roll poling of a device status word is inserted in a low-load cycle in a single cycle according to the sequencing result. The method has the advantages that the principle is simple, network loads can be optimized, and correctness and stability of device state display are guaranteed. | eng_Latn | 12,675 |
Design of Ladder-Style and Multi-Rate Watt-Hour Meter Based on CC2430 | Combined with the low-power consumption characteristic of ZigBee wireless sensor network,the ladder-style and multi-rate meter based on CC2430 was designed in order to improve energy efficiency and intelligentize electricity supervision.Then the architecture of ZigBee protocol stack was analyzed.Considering Z-Stack features,wire-line reading and wireless data transmitting programs of power measurements were designed in the CC2430.As the terminal nodes of wireless meter reading system,the multi-function meter could easily implement wireless transmission of data,and improve the accuracy and efficiency of the meter reading. | A buck converter is a very common choice for non-isolated offline LED applications, using peak current regulation. The problem for peak current regulation is that the average current of the LED string will vary with different numbers of LEDs. This paper presents two simple and cost effective ways to compensate the average current variation without losing the simplicity of peak current regulation. | eng_Latn | 12,676 |
Hydrogen storage of a novel combined system of LiNH2–NaMgH3: synergistic effects of in situ formed alkali and alkaline-earth metal hydrides | Bimetallic hydride NaMgH(3) is used for the first time as a vehicle to enhance hydrogen release and uptake from LiNH(2). The combination of NaMgH(3) with LiNH(2) at a molar ratio of 1 : 2 can release about 4.0 wt% of hydrogen without detectable NH(3) emission in the temperature range of 45 °C to 325 °C and exhibiting superior dehydrogenation as compared to individual NaH and/or MgH(2) combined with LiNH(2). A high capacity retention of about 75% resulting from the introduction of NaMgH(3) is also achieved in LiNH(2) as well as re-hydrogenation under milder conditions of 180 °C and 5 MPa H(2) pressure. These significant improvements are attributed to synergistic effects of in situ formed NaH and MgH(2)via the decomposition of NaMgH(3) where a succession of competing reactions from the cyclic consumption/recovery of NaH are involved and serve as a "carrier" for the ultra-rapid conveyance of the N-containing species between the [NH(2)](-) amide and the resulting [NH](2-) imide complexes. | Abstract This paper describes an interface method to utilize the hybrid system with fuel cell and battery. The hybrid system has unique advantage to manage energy state between high energy system (fuel cell) and high power system (battery) according to various type ofload. First, the hybrid system is completely modelled and simulated by using Simplorer. The models are sufficiently correct by considering many parameters. Interface method is realized by constructing a DC-DC converter, and experimented under various load conditions. | eng_Latn | 12,677 |
Coupled inductor three-phase bidirectional buck/boost converter for energy storage application | This research designs and realizes a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) three-phase DC-DC buck/boost converter that reduces the current ripple, switching losses and increases converter efficiency. The size and cost can be reduced when the proposed converter is designed with the coupled inductor scheme. This paper describes a three-phase DC-DC buck/boost converter with the coupled inductor and ZVS soft switching operation under different inductor current conduction modes. Simulation and experimental results are employed compare the performance of the proposed three-phase bidirectional converter in the PV system under battery charge and discharge operating modes for energy storage systems. | Abstract : Equations of motion for a satellite in a planar, elliptic four-body system are used to generate an orbit about L3. Initial conditions and a periodic reference orbit were found using a circular four-body model. Linear constant gain feedback is used to stabilize the orbit about L3 in the planar, elliptic four-body model. The computed L3 orbit is plotted against the reference orbit to assess the effectiveness of position, velocity and position/velocity feedback compensation systems. Also computed is the integrated control gain costs for each type of feedback system used. Long term stable motion near libration point L3 was achieved using position/velocity feedback compensation. Position and velocity feedback when used separately were ineffective as stabilizing feedback compensation systems. The integrated control gain costs also indicate that linear constant gain feedback is not an economical method to stabilize this periodic orbit about L3. (Author) | eng_Latn | 12,678 |
Near‐UV to violet LEDs – Wavelength dependence of efficiency limiting processes | Two wavelength series (373-435 nm) of GaInN/GaN triple quantum well LED-structures, one on sapphire and one on GaN-templates, as well as a quantum well thickness series were grown by MOVPE. In order to study luminescence efficiency limiting effects the LED-structures were characterized by electroluminescence- and by temperature and excitation power dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy. The electroluminescence output and the internal quantum efficiency are peaked near 400 nm in both wavelength series, but output and efficiency are significantly enhanced for growth on templates. The photoluminescence data indicate that below 400 nm the efficiency, apart from insufficient vertical carrier confinement, is limited by poor localization within the quantum film plane while above 400 nm piezo-electric fields appear to be an important efficiency limiting effect. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) | The resonant element parameters design for LLC resonant converter has an important affect to the converter performance.To solve the problems of the voltage gain nonlinear changes,the switching frequency is too large when it works in light load,combined the characteristic analysis of converter,a series of constraint conditions for resonance element parameters are showed.On the basis of this,the paper summarizes the resonant network design steps of inductance,capacitance,and transformer parameters selection methods.The experimental results from one 500 W LLC converter show that the proposed design method is feasible,it is possible to meet the design requirements. | eng_Latn | 12,679 |
Energy: An annotated selected bibliography | This updated bibliography contains approximately 7,000 selected references on energy and energy related topics from bibliographic and other data sources from June 1977. Under each subject heading the entries are arranged by the date, with the latest works first. Geothermal, solar, wind, and ocean/water power sources are included. Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics, electric power engineering, automotive power plants, and energy storage are also covered. | This paper presents the recent development of the pulsed power technology based on inductive energy storage (including Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, SMES) and its opening switch. It also introduces several circuit topologies with power electronics/superconducting opening switch. | eng_Latn | 12,680 |
Backward into the future: The shift to coal and implications for the next energy transition | This history of the transition from organic to mineral fuels suggests a number of conclusions that may have parallels in the future: People respond to price incentives; science is important but not sufficient; human capital is important; cooperation is as important as competition; path breaking technologies take a long time to mature. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,681 |
Multilevel AC Current Source with Sliding-Mode Control for Renewable Energy Grid Systems | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | This paper presents a new register-transfer level (RT-level) power estimation technique based on technology decomposition. Given the Boolean description of a circuit function, the power consumption of two typical circuit implementations, namely the minimum area implementation and the minimum delay implementation, are estimated, respectively. This provides a capability of obtaining a full power-delay-area trade-off curve at the RT level. Our method makes it possible to capture the structural and/or functional information of a circuit without going through actual gate-level implementation. Experimental results show that the accuracy is very reasonable. | kor_Hang | 12,682 |
Trading off speed versus dynamic range in switched current circuits | This paper describes the theoretical basis for a design methodology which enables control of the fundamental tradeoff between speed, dynamic range, and power consumption in switched current cells. The presented methods are applied to the design of a very high dynamic range current memory cell and simulation results are given. > | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,683 |
The Design and the First Test Results of a Fast LTD Stage | Linear transformer driver stages are designed to be used as a primary energy storage in high power pulsed generators. In this report, the design and test results of the linear transformer driver stage prototype that delivers ≈ 100 kA fast pulse with 133 ns FWHM into a ≈ 0.87 Ω resistive load are described. This stage consists of 20 (100 kV, 20 nF) storage capacitors that are arranged in 10 identical bricks located evenly around the axis of the stage. Each brick contains two capacitors, a multi-gap switch, and the output connector that transfers the energy to the resistive load. The outer diameter of the stage is ≈ 1.5 m, at a length of ≈ 20 cm. The stage is developed to demonstrate the possibility of the fast linear transformer driver technology to create high power pulsed generators. | This month TLT explores lubricating hard disk drives in the future. Also: a faster and more flexible corrosion test and cleaner combustion through better air/oil separation. | eng_Latn | 12,684 |
Very high efficiency SAZZ chopper using high speed IGBT | In this paper a study for very high efficiency targeting 99 % range converter is described. We have proposed a new soft switching boost type chopper based on snubber assisted zero voltage and zero current transition (SAZZ) with output diode fabricated “SiC schottky diode”. The output power of 8 kW with the efficiency of 98.96% was obtained. The loss breakdown evaluation of SiC-SAZZ is discussed. | The principle and equipment for slotting large gear hobbing machine is put forward in this article.How to apply interpolation set is discussed.And then,this method is compared with traditional machining method. | eng_Latn | 12,685 |
The lead-acid accumulators automatic pulse charger started with diesel | Analyzed the feature of accumulators.Introduced a design project and feature about a automatic pulse charger. | Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 12,686 |
Current Injected Equivalent Circuit Approach to Modeling of Switching DC-DC Converters in Discontinuous Inductor Conduction Mode | Current Injected Equivalent Circuit Approach to Modeling Switching DC-DC Converters | Vulvar syringoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistologic study of 18 patients and results of treatment. | eng_Latn | 12,687 |
Design, simulation and implementation of a self-oscillating control circuit to drive series resonant inverter feeding a brazing induction furnace | Phase-Shifted PWM Converter With a Wide ZVS Range and Reduced Circulating Current | Acute Effects of Cocaine on Human Brain Activity and Emotion | eng_Latn | 12,688 |
Modeling and analysis of phase-shift controlled LCL resonant converter in wireless charging systems | Analysis, Experimental Results, and Range Adaptation of Magnetically Coupled Resonators for Wireless Power Transfer | A novel image encryption algorithm using AES and visual cryptography | eng_Latn | 12,689 |
Fully integrated ultra-low voltage DC-DC converter with voltage quadrupling LC tank oscillator for energy harvesting applications | Efficiency improvement in charge pump circuits | Back to Thin-Core Massively Parallel Processors | eng_Latn | 12,690 |
Relationship between space-vector modulation and three-phase carrier-based PWM: a comprehensive analysis [three-phase inverters] | Pulse Width Modulation for Electronic Power Conversion | google scholar : the democratization of citation analysis ? . | eng_Latn | 12,691 |
Wide Pulse Combined With Narrow-Pulse Generator for Food Sterilization | The biochemistry of apoptosis | high - efficiency , high step - up dc – dc converters . | eng_Latn | 12,692 |
Current Injected Equivalent Circuit Approach to Modeling of Switching DC-DC Converters in Discontinuous Inductor Conduction Mode | A general unified approach to modelling switching-converter power stages | Cutting-plane training of structural SVMs | eng_Latn | 12,693 |
Modeling and Analysis of a Dual-Active-Bridge-Isolated Bidirectional DC/DC Converter to Minimize RMS Current With Whole Operating Range | Accurate Small-Signal Model for the Digital Control of an Automotive Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge | Who does what during a code review? Datasets of OSS peer review repositories | eng_Latn | 12,694 |
Design of a Single-Switch DC/DC Converter for a PV-Battery-Powered Pump System With PFM+PWM Control | A Maximum Power Point Tracking System With Parallel Connection for PV Stand-Alone Applications | Distinct Fibroblasts in the Papillary and Reticular Dermis: Implications for Wound Healing. | eng_Latn | 12,695 |
Fully-integrated 57 mV cold start of a thermoelectric energy harvester using a cross-coupled complementary charge pump | A fully electrical startup batteryless boost converter with 50mV input voltage for thermoelectric energy harvesting | The relationship between acceptance, catastrophizing and illness representations in chronic pain | eng_Latn | 12,696 |
A Multiharvested Self-Powered System in a Low-Voltage Low-Power Technology | Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey | Modeling Strategy for Back-to-Back Three-Level Converters Applied to High-Power Wind Turbines | eng_Latn | 12,697 |
Systematic Design of the Lead-Lag Network Method for Active Damping in LCL-Filter Based Three Phase Converters | Future Energy Systems: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Smart Power Grid Through Industrial Electronics | Stack Structure Dependence of Magnetic Properties of PtMn/[Co/Ni] Films for Spin-Orbit Torque Switching Device | eng_Latn | 12,698 |
Online LCL filter compensation using embedded FRA | Highly Efficient Single-Phase Transformerless Inverters for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems | secondary - structure matching ( ssm ) , a new tool for fast protein structure alignment in three dimensions . | eng_Latn | 12,699 |
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