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Light-quark components analysis and the nature of the $Y(4260)$ | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | Northrop Grumman has developed a compact high power near-diffraction-limited single frequency Nd:YAG laser. The laser achieved 15 kW with a beam quality of <1.3 times DL and a continuous runtime over 22 minutes on a ~1 m2 bench. | eng_Latn | 26,600 |
Solidly Mounted Resonator with Optimized Acoustic Reflector | The quality factor (Q) of the Solidly Mounted Resonator is limited by acoustic losses caused by waves leaking through the mirror stack. Traditionally employed acoustic mirror reflects only longitudinal waves and not shear waves. Starting with the stop-band theory and the principle of spacer layers in Optics, we present a design procedure which gives the modified thicknesses for the reflector stack to efficiently reflect both the waves. FEM simulations were performed for verifying the results based on the analytical model described in showing good agreement. With the optimized design, we can obtain a minimum transmission for longitudinal and shear waves of -25 dB and -20 dB at resonant frequencies for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively, for various reflector material combinations. With such optimized designs, devices can be designed that are no more limited by acoustic loss into the substrate. | In this talk I summarize recent findings around the description of axial vector mesons as dynamically generated states from the interaction of pseudoscalar mesons and vector mesons, dedicating some attention to the two $K_1(1270)$ states. Then I review the generation of open and hidden charm scalar and axial states, and how some recent experiment supports the existence of the new hidden charm scalar state predicted. I present recent results showing that the low lying $1/2^+$ baryon resonances for S=-1 can be obtained as bound states or resonances of two mesons and one baryon in coupled channels. Then show the differences with the S=0 case, where the $N^*(1710)$ appears also dynamically generated from the two pion one nucleon system, but the $N^*(1440)$ does not appear, indicating a more complex structure of the Roper resonance. Finally I shall show how the state X(2175), recently discovered at BABAR and BES, appears naturally as a resonance of the $\phi K \bar{K}$ system. | eng_Latn | 26,601 |
Puff-gas Z-pinch experiment on “yang” accelerator | This paper describes the puff-gas Z-pinch experiment undergoing at Institute of Fluid physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics. The introduction of the accelerator and the layout of the experiment are presented. Preliminary experimental results are also given | We discuss some recent phenomenological models for strong interactions based on the idea of gauge/string duality. A very good estimate for hadronic masses can be found by placing an infrared cut off in AdS space. Considering static strings in this geometry one can also reproduce the phenomenological Cornell potential for a quark anti-quark potential at zero temperature. Placing static strings in an AdS Schwarzschild space with an infrared cut off one finds a transition from a confining to a deconfining phase at some critical horizon radius (associated with temperature). | eng_Latn | 26,602 |
K‐nucleon scattering and the cloudy bag model | The cloudy bag model (CBM) has been applied with considerable success to low energy meson‐nucleon scattering. In this talk I will describe in particular calculations for kaon‐nucleon and antikaon‐nucleon scattering. The main emphasis will be on s‐waves with special attention paid to the antikaon‐nucleon system in the isospin zero channel where the Λ(1405) is important. In the CBM the Λ(1405) is an antikaon‐nucleon bound state and I show that this interpretation is consistent with the antikaon‐nucleon scattering in the region of the Λ(1670) and Λ(1800) although ambiguities in the phase shift analysis prevent a definite conclusion. | In this paper we investigate the role of the high density effects in the heavy quark production cross section in $pA$ processes at RHIC and LHC. We use, as initial condition, a gluon distribution consistent with fixed target nuclear data and the Glauber-Mueller approach to describe the high density effects. We show that this process can be used as a probe of the presence of the high density effects. Moreover, we include these effects in the calculation of the heavy quark production in $AA$ collisions, verifying that they cannot be disregarded both in the estimates of quarkonium suppression and in the initial conditions of the quark-gluon plasma. | eng_Latn | 26,603 |
Upper limit on the η→π0π0 decay | Abstract Upper bound Br( η → π 0 π 0 ) −4 with 90% confidence is reported from the SND experiment at the VEPP-2M collider. | Our principal result is that for fixed $\beta (0 0$, the positive zeros of the cross-product \[J_{\nu + \beta } (x)K_\nu (\alpha x) - \alpha ^\beta J_\nu (x)K_{\nu + \beta } (\alpha x)\] increase with $\nu $, ${{ - \beta } / {2 \leqq \nu 1$. | eng_Latn | 26,604 |
Measurement of the ground-state Lamb shift of hydrogen-like Ti21+ | Using an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) and a crystal spectrometer in the Johann geometry, the 1s Lamb shift of hydrogen-like Ti21+ has been measured; the result is L(1s) = 2.29(14) eV, in agreement with the theoretical value. The measurement was made by calibrating the Lyman-α wavelengths using the characteristic Kα wavelengths of neutral vanadium. The Kα spectrum was produced by inserting a wire probe near the electron beam of the EBIT. While the present measurement is preliminary, achieving only modest precision, it suggests that much higher precision could be achieved in the future. | The dependence of the differential cross section ${\mathrm{d}\sigma}/{\mathrm{d}p_{\perp}}$ of inclusive heavy quark production in pp and $\bar{\mathrm{p}}$p collisions on the renormalization and factorization scales is investigated. The implications of our results for experiments at TEVATRON and LHC are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the NLO QCD predictions for $\bar{t}t$ production at the LHC based on the Principle of Minimal Sensitivity are by 30-50% higher than the standard ones. | eng_Latn | 26,605 |
Spin relaxation of the photoexcited electron system in P-type InSb | Abstract By means of far-infrared (84 μm) laser cyclotron resonance, it is found that the photoexcited electron system in p-type InSb can enter a spin-hot state. The spin temperature cools down from ∽60 K with a time constant of several microseconds at the lattice temperature 4.2 K. Crude calculation for spin-flipping between 0 - and 0 + Landau subbands by electron- impurity scattering yields a reasonable time constant quite comparable with experimental observation. | We derive a simplified representation for the pion mass to two loops in three-flavour chiral perturbation theory. For this purpose, we first determine the reduced expressions for the tensorial two-loop 2-point sunset integrals arising in chiral perturbation theory calculations. Making use of those relations, we obtain the expression for the pion mass in terms of the minimal set of master integrals. On the basis of known results for these, we arrive at an explicit analytic representation, up to the contribution from KKη intermediate states where a closed-form expression for the corresponding sunset integral is missing. However, the expansion of this function for a small pion mass leads to a simple representation which yields a very accurate approximation of this contribution. Finally, we also give a discussion of the numerical implications of our results. | eng_Latn | 26,606 |
Gravity casting method for aluminum alloy hub | The invention discloses a gravity casting method for an aluminum alloy hub. According to the method, a central riser and a thermal spot are directly heat-insulated, so that the feeding time of the central riser to the thermal spot area can be prolonged; the thermal spot area is cooled by air; the air cooling position is close to the thermal spot area and is away from a feeding channel between the central riser and the thermal spot. Through the improvement at the above aspects, the influence of thermal spot on solidification can be reduced and the prepared aluminum alloy hub has excellent mechanical property. | In this paper we investigate the role of the high density effects in the heavy quark production cross section in $pA$ processes at RHIC and LHC. We use, as initial condition, a gluon distribution consistent with fixed target nuclear data and the Glauber-Mueller approach to describe the high density effects. We show that this process can be used as a probe of the presence of the high density effects. Moreover, we include these effects in the calculation of the heavy quark production in $AA$ collisions, verifying that they cannot be disregarded both in the estimates of quarkonium suppression and in the initial conditions of the quark-gluon plasma. | eng_Latn | 26,607 |
O(5)×U(1) electroweak gauge theory and the neutrino oscillations in matter | A study is made of the groupO(5)×U(1). The group is economical in the number of gauge bosons, which we associate with each of its generators, and is anomaly-free. The left-handed leptonsL L T ≡(v e ,e,μ,v μ ) L are assigned to the four-dimensional spinorial representations ofO(5). The right-handed particles are taken to be the singlets of the group. The theory has three sets of gauge bosons: (1) analogues of the GWS model, (2) additional charged gauge bosons, and (3) a set of three additional neutral gauge bosons as compared to the GWS model. We introduce neutrino mixing by mixing the additional charged gauge bosons. We develope a theory of neutrino oscillations in matter in such a way that in the absence of matter the scattering length reduces to the usual scattering length in vacuum. Even if the neutrino masses are equal or the neutrinos are massless, we still have neutrino oscillations in matter, a result already noted by Wolfenstein. | This short note discusses various errors in the Bouguer reduction that have been discussed recently in the literature. It also discusses two other errors arising out of the “indirect effect” and the uncertainty in the value of the universal constant of gravitation, G, that previously have not been discussed extensively in the literature. | eng_Latn | 26,608 |
Neutron spectral reactivity comparison of /sup 235/U, /sup 233/U, /sup 239/Pu | In the process of storing fuel from reactors capable of breeding fissile material, it is possible that the beginning-of-life fissile loadings are not the most reactive for the fuel. In this context, it is necessary to consider the bred fissile isotopes to ensure conservative safety margins on storage of these fuels. Of particular interest for the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant were fuels consisting primarily of /sup 235/U as the fissile isotope, such as those for the Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR-I and -II) and some light water breeder reactor (LWBR) test elements. This study examines the relative worth of additions of the isotopes /sup 239/Pu, /sup 233/U, and /sup 235/U to a /sup 235/U-fueled critical system. The equivalence relationship between fissile isotopes depends in a complex fashion on the neutron spectrum and the relative abundance of the isotopic species. | Theories of evolving quintessence are constructed that generically lead to deviations from the w = -1 prediction of nonevolving dark energy. The small mass scale that governs evolution, m(phi) approximately = 10(-33) eV, is radiatively stable, and the "Why now?" problem is solved. These results rest on seesaw cosmology: Fundamental physics and cosmology can be broadly understood from only two mass scales, the weak scale nu and the Planck scale M. Requiring a scale of dark energy rho(DE)(1/4) governed by nu2/M and a radiatively stable evolution rate m(phi) given by nu4/M3 leads to a distinctive form for the equation of state w(z). Dark energy resides in the potential of a hidden axion field that is generated by a new QCD-like force that gets strong at the scale lambda approximately = nu2/M approximately = rho(DE)(1/4). The evolution rate is given by a second seesaw that leads to the axion mass m(phi) approximately = lambda2/f, with f approximately = M. | eng_Latn | 26,609 |
Effects of hypergravity on adherent human cells. | In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that microgravity or hypergravity may affect cell growth and differentiation. Since it is not easy to carry out researches in space or to simulate weightlessness on earth, we conducted experiments on simulated hypergravity (2 to 15 g) by using a centrifuge (radius: 80 cm; speed motor: 180 rpm). We looked for the effects of chronic hypergravity (7 to 10 days) on cultures of three human cell lines: lung or dermic fibroblasts and lung adenocarcinoma A 549 cells. The results showed a significant decrease (10-20%, P<0.05) in cell proliferation connected to a significant decrease (20-50%, P<0.01) in culture DNA content under hypergravity, but only for lung fibroblasts. The protein content was never disturbed. Dermic fibroblast elastase activity was enhanced (8-13%, P<0.02) under 15 g. Total phospholipid content as well as relative amounts of phospholipid components, analysed by thin layer chromatography, were unchanged in A 549 cells. | Abstract The ground state of a (2+1) dimensional Georgi-Glashow model is discussed in a dilute monopole gas approximation. In addition to the Coulomb interaction of the latter, we include a Higgs force which is attractive irrespective of the sign of monopole charges. For (Higgs masses) −1 comparable to the mean free distance of monopoles we find a phase transition which is presumably of first order. Strings of monopoles dominate the clustering behaviour near the critical Higgs mass. | eng_Latn | 26,610 |
Azimuthal polarization and partial coherence. | Partially coherent fields with the electric field parallel to the azimuthal coordinate are analyzed by use of the exact angular spectrum representation. The known results for fully coherent fields are used to find the permitted forms of azimuthally polarized, partially coherent fields. The derived result is then used to show that this class of fields is severely restricted because the azimuthal polarization state is particularly sensitive to the correlation properties of the electric-field components. Two examples of azimuthally polarized fields are briefly examined. The first is a class of nondiffracting fields that retain the polarization state upon propagation, whereas the second is an example in which the azimuthal polarization is broken because the cross-spectral density function is not of the permitted form. | Lattice QCD can give direct information on OZI-violating contributions to mesons. Here we explore the contributions that split flavour singlet and non-singlet meson masses. I discuss in detail the spectrum and decays for scalar mesons (ie including glueball effects). I also review the status of hybrid mesons and their decays. | eng_Latn | 26,611 |
Nonperturbative and perturbative aspects of photo- and electroproduction of vector mesons | Vector meson production at low x from gauge/gravity duality | General Perturbations Theories Derived from the 1965 Lane Drag Theory | eng_Latn | 26,612 |
Stability of strings dual to flux tubes between static quarks in N = 4 SYM | Heavy quarks in the presence of higher derivative corrections from AdS/CFT | Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device | eng_Latn | 26,613 |
Motion in a Bose condensate: VIII. The electron bubble | The Bose condensate model is used to elucidate the motion of the electron bubble in superfluids. An asymptotic expansion is developed for steady subcritical flow. Numerical integration of the coupled nonlinear Schr¨ odinger equations, that describe the evolution of the wavefunctions of the Bose condensate and the impurity, is used to study the nucleation and capture of vortex rings. Because an electron bubble is made oblate by its motion relative to the condensate, the critical velocity for the vortex nucleation is reduced by about 20%, in agreement with experiments. | Some discrepancies have been reported between observed and simulated muon content of extensive air showers: the number of observed muons exceeded the expectations in HiRes-MIA, Yakutsk and Pierre Auger Observatory data. Here, we analyze the data of the Moscow State University Extensive Air Shower (EAS-MSU) array on E_mu>~10 GeV muons in showers caused by ~(10^17-10^18) eV primary particles and demonstrate that they agree with simulations (QGSJET-II-04 hadronic interaction model) once the primary composition inferred from the surface-detector data is assumed. | eng_Latn | 26,614 |
Quarks, diquarks, tetraquarks, and pentaquarks | A particle about 50% more massive than a proton, with positive charge, positive strangeness and positive baryon number, has been claimed in several experiments. Such a particle cannot be made from three quarks; its minimal configuration requires four quarks and an antiquark and it became known as a ‘pentaquark’. This article summarizes the evidence and concentrates on the theoretical interest that it has excited into the nature of correlations among quarks and antiquarks in the strong interaction limit of QCD. | Abstract 5,8-Dimethoxyquinolin-4-one has been transformed in five steps into a 7-oxo-1,6-diazaphenalene and in 4 steps into 6-aza-1-oxaphenalene. | eus_Latn | 26,615 |
Reply to "Pressure dependence of the hyperfine field in Eu intermetallics" | Devine has suggested an alternative solution to explain the pressure dependence of the effective hyperfine field in Eu intermetallics. We show that the analysis of Devine is based on assumptions which are very difficult to justify. Additional comments on the quantitative analysis are presented. | We present a model for next-to-leading order resummed threshold form factors based on a timelike coupling recently introduced in the framework of small x physics. Improved expressions for the form factors in N-space are obtained which are not plagued by Landau-pole singularities, as the included absorptive effects - usually neglected - act as regulators. The physical reason is that, because of faster decay of gluon jets, there is not enough resolution time to observe the Landau pole. Our form factors reduce to the standard ones when the absorptive parts related to the coupling are neglected. The inverse transform from N-space to x-space can be done directly without any prescription and we obtain analytical expressions for the form factors, which are well defined in all x-space. | eng_Latn | 26,616 |
Stereospecific synthesis of 2,4-diaxial adamantane and 2,4-di-endo-protoadamantane derivatives via a nitrone intermediate | An intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the bicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene nitrone (3) yielded the 2,4-oxa-aza-bridged-protoadamantane (4), -adamantane (5), and 2-ax-amino-4-ax-hydroxyadamantane derivatives (6) in a ratio depending on the substituents and reaction conditions used; reduction of (4) gave the 2-endo-amino-4-endo-hydroxyprotoadamantane derivative (7) in good yield. | We re--examine leptogenesis from a right--handed sneutrino condensate, paying special attention to the $B-$term associated with the see--saw Majorana mass. This term generates a lepton asymmetry in the condensate whose time average vanishes. However, a net asymmetry will result if the sneutrino lifetime is not much longer than the period of oscillations. Supersymmetry breaking by thermal effects then yields a lepton asymmetry in the standard model sector after the condensate decays. We explore different possibilities by taking account of both the low--energy and Hubble $B-$terms. It will be shown that the desired baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be obtained for a wide range of Majorana mass. | eng_Latn | 26,617 |
Peace as an event, peace as utopia: a re-imagining of peace and its implications for peace education and development | This paper aims to provide a new approach to peace in order to contribute to a theoretically informed approach to peace education and development practice. Arguing that liberal peace can be counter-productive and can actually betray peace, I offer an alternative approach in order to contribute to thinking on peace for educators and development practitioners. Introducing the theory of peace that I developed in my recent Ph.D., I explore how utopian and post-structural theory conceptualises peace as an open-ended promise, facilitating alternative thinking about peace and how to engage with it. I then discuss the implications this has for praxis and finish by looking at how the work of translating peace is an important aspect of peace education and development. | We review the phenomenology of \(\pi^0\) production at large transverse momentum in proton-induced collisions. Uncertainties in the next-to-leading-order predictions of Quantum Chromodynamics are discussed. The comparison with data reveals that the disagreement between theory and experiment lies essentially in an overall normalization factor. The situation for \(\pi^0\) production is contrasted with that of prompt-photon production in hadronic collisions. | eng_Latn | 26,618 |
Do neutrinos follow the Standard Model and get their mass via the Higgs Mechanism or we still don't know about the origin of their mass as neutrinos with mass are beyond the Standard Model? | I was reading the CernCourier, my favorite source of message on Higgs and friends. I was rather shocked, when I saw this: "The mechanism by which neutrino mass is generated is not known." What? Not known? says: In Higgs-based theories, the property of 'mass' is a manifestation of potential energy transferred to particles when they interact ("couple") with the Higgs field, which had contained that mass in the form of energy. Does this mean that neutrinos don't couple to the Higgs field? | From (emphasis mine): Neutron degeneracy is a stellar application of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, as is electron degeneracy. No two neutrons can occupy identical states, even under the pressure of a collapsing star of several solar masses. For stellar masses less than about 1.44 solar masses (the Chandrasekhar limit), the energy from the gravitational collapse is not sufficient to produce the neutrons of a neutron star, so the collapse is halted by electron degeneracy to form white dwarfs. Above 1.44 solar masses, enough energy is available from the gravitational collapse to force the combination of electrons and protons to form neutrons. As the star contracts further, all the lowest neutron energy levels are filled and the neutrons are forced into higher and higher energy levels, filling the lowest unoccupied energy levels. This creates an effective pressure which prevents further gravitational collapse, forming a neutron star. However, for masses greater than 2 to 3 solar masses, even neutron degeneracy can't prevent further collapse and it continues toward the black hole state. How then, can they collapse, without violating the Pauli Exclusion Principle? At a certain point does it no longer apply? | eng_Latn | 26,619 |
This is what I understood (it may be wrong, so please correct me): since every particle is "divided" into a lefthand and a righthand partner, which is what guarantees the particles to have mass, and since it's finally proved that neutrinos have mass, why only lefthand neutrinos have been observed hereto? | I am learning P&S's Introduction of quantum field theory. My teacher said that if the mass of neutrino is exactly 0, then we should not observe any right-handed neutrinos and left-handed anti-neutrinos according to Weyl's theory. It is because $$ \left( i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu - m \right) \psi = \left( \begin{array}{cc} -m & i\left(\partial_0 + \vec\sigma \cdot \vec\nabla\right) \\ i\left(\partial_0 - \vec\sigma \cdot \vec\nabla\right) & -m \end{array} \right) \left( \begin{array}{c} \psi_L \\ \psi_R \end{array} \right) =0. $$ If we set m=0, then we will have: \begin{align} i\left(\partial_0 - \vec\sigma \cdot \vec\nabla\right) \psi_L &= 0; \\ i\left(\partial_0 + \vec\sigma \cdot \vec\nabla\right) \psi_R &= 0. \end{align} And if these formulas can describe neutrinos we must conclude that there are two types of neutrinos. My confusions are: It is known that the mass of neutrino is not 0, therefore there are chances (depending on the mass) to find right-handed neutrinos and left-handed anti-neutrinos. But we don't. If I accept that there are only these two types of neutrinos (right-handed anti-neutrinos and left-handed neutrinos), this property of neutrino causes the parity violation, so parity violation must relate to angular momentum and therefore spinor space. Am I write? Are there any reasons why neutrino is so weird that is has mass but still has helicity + Or - 1. This goes against with what I have learned that only when a particle moves at the speed of light can its spin aligned with its momentum. | I am learning P&S's Introduction of quantum field theory. My teacher said that if the mass of neutrino is exactly 0, then we should not observe any right-handed neutrinos and left-handed anti-neutrinos according to Weyl's theory. It is because $$ \left( i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu - m \right) \psi = \left( \begin{array}{cc} -m & i\left(\partial_0 + \vec\sigma \cdot \vec\nabla\right) \\ i\left(\partial_0 - \vec\sigma \cdot \vec\nabla\right) & -m \end{array} \right) \left( \begin{array}{c} \psi_L \\ \psi_R \end{array} \right) =0. $$ If we set m=0, then we will have: \begin{align} i\left(\partial_0 - \vec\sigma \cdot \vec\nabla\right) \psi_L &= 0; \\ i\left(\partial_0 + \vec\sigma \cdot \vec\nabla\right) \psi_R &= 0. \end{align} And if these formulas can describe neutrinos we must conclude that there are two types of neutrinos. My confusions are: It is known that the mass of neutrino is not 0, therefore there are chances (depending on the mass) to find right-handed neutrinos and left-handed anti-neutrinos. But we don't. If I accept that there are only these two types of neutrinos (right-handed anti-neutrinos and left-handed neutrinos), this property of neutrino causes the parity violation, so parity violation must relate to angular momentum and therefore spinor space. Am I write? Are there any reasons why neutrino is so weird that is has mass but still has helicity + Or - 1. This goes against with what I have learned that only when a particle moves at the speed of light can its spin aligned with its momentum. | eng_Latn | 26,620 |
More dyotropic reactions are found involving N-O bonds and N-N bonds . | Dyotropic reactions can also happen with N-O bonds or N-N bonds . | Though cunning and ambitious , Nowak 's gung-ho recklessness earns him the disrespect of fellow teammates , ultimately leading to Bishop passing him up for promotion in favor of Logan , which therefore leads to Nowak betraying the Rainbow organization with the assistance of big-time terrorist ringleaders . | eng_Latn | 26,621 |
Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars .
Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter .
This would create an entire 'strange star' - unlike anything we have seen .
However, the exact properties of strange matter are unknown .
If it exists, though, it could help scientists discover ripples in space-time known as gravitational waves . | Neutron stars are among the densest objects in the universe - just a spoonful of matter from one of them would weigh more than the moon. But inside these remarkable stellar objects, which are no bigger than a city on Earth, a remarkable process might be taking place. Scientists have revealed their matter might become so squashed that it turns into ‘strange matter’ - and observing so-called strange stars could unlock some of the secrets of the universe. Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star' - unlike anything we have seen . The latest theory was proposed by Dr Pedro Moraes and Dr Oswaldo Miranda, both of the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil. They say that some types of neutron stars might be made of a new type of matter called strange matter. What the properties of this matter would be, though, are unknown - but it would likely be a ‘liquid’ of several types of sub-atomic particles. ‘Stars, galaxies, planets and even ourselves are made of the so-called baryonic matter,’ Dr Moraes explained to MailOnline. Quarks are elementary particles, the smallest particles we know to exist. When they combine they form compound particles known as hadrons that are grouped in two families - baryons and mesons. Quarks are said to have six ‘flavours’: up, down, charm, strange, top and bottom (also known as 'beauty'). Combinations of quarks within these flavours gives rise to the ‘larger’ particles. Groups of three quarks are known as baryons. An example of a baryon is a proton, which is made of two 'up' quarks and a 'down' quark. ‘A baryon, which is a proton or a neutron, is made up of more fundamental particles, known as quarks. ‘There are six types (or flavours) of quarks. They are: up, down, strange, charm, top and bottom. ‘Depending on how these quarks are combined, different baryons will be formed. ‘For instance, two up quarks and one down quark form a proton while two down quarks and one up quark form a neutron.’ Inside a neutron star, however, Dr Moraes says the neutrons and protons of regular baryonic matter - the stuff that everything around us is made of - can be squeezed so intensely that it turns into a new type of matter - strange matter. It would look just like ordinary matter, but would be different to something like dark matter, as it could form physical objects. 'What differs ordinary matter from strange matter is basically the density,' said Dr Moraes. Inside a neutron star, Dr Moraes says the neutrons and protons of regular baryonic matter (protons and neutrons illustrated) - the stuff that everything around us is made of - can be squeezed so intensely that it turns into a new type of matter - strange matter . Atoms are usually made of protons, neutrons and electrons. These are made of even smaller elementary particles. Elementary particles, also known as fundamental particles, are the smallest particles we know to exist in the universe. They are subdivided into two groups, the first being fermions, which are said to be the particles that make up matter. The second are bosons, the force particles that hold the others together. Within the group of fermions are subatomic particles known as quarks. When quarks combine in threes, they form compound particles known as baryons. Protons are probably the best-known baryons. Sometimes, quarks interact with corresponding anti-particles (such as anti-quarks), which have the same mass but opposite charges. When this happens, they form mesons. Mesons often turn up in the decay of heavy man-made particles, such as those in particle accelerators, nuclear reactors and cosmic rays. Mesons, baryons, and other kinds of particles that take part in interactions like these are called hadrons. The only known way to find strange matter at the moment would be to confirm its existence within neutron stars. On Earth, it is currently impossible to directly observe strange matter, even in places like the Large Hadron Collider at Cern in Switzerland. Pictured is the Large Hadron Collider Beauty experiment (LHCb) ‘As its name says, a neutron star is a star made up of neutrons - which are made up of two down and one up quarks,’ Dr Moraes continued. ‘It is a star of very high density and rapid rotation rate. Most of them have masses close to 1.3-1.4 solar masses.’ Most matter we see comes in two ‘flavours’, made up of just two types of fundamental particles - up and down quarks. When the core of a massive star undergoes gravitational collapse at the end of its life, protons and electrons are literally scrunched together, leaving behind one of nature's most wondrous creations: a neutron star. Neutron stars cram roughly 1.3 to 2.5 solar masses into a city-sized sphere perhaps 12 miles (20 kilometers) across. Matter is packed so tightly that a sugar-cube-sized amount of material would weigh more than 1 billion tons, about the same as Mount Everest. But in these extreme conditions a rare type of three-flavour matter, made of up, down and strange quarks, could be being created. This is what strange matter would be. And Dr Moraes says, if the neutron star is massive enough and rotating at a fast enough speed, the entire star could be made of this matter. The star would be much smaller and lighter than a neutron star. For example, a neutron star with a mass 0.2 times that of the sun would have a radius greater than nine miles (15km), but a strange star of the same mass would be less than a third the size. One of the implications of the theory, if true, would be that there might be more types of matter in the universe than we know of. Dr Moraes says, as we cannot observe individual fundamental particles like quarks on Earth, the only way to prove strange matter’s existence would be to spot it in a neutron star. Interestingly, though, proving that strange stars exist could also provide a detection for one of the ‘holy grails’ of astronomy - gravitational waves. Dr Moraes says the interaction of a neutron star and a strange star (illustration shown) could create ripples in space-times, resulting in gravitational waves. These are one of the 'holy grails' of astronomy that have been impossible to detect in other experiments so far . Gravitational waves are said to be ripples in space-time caused by the interaction of massive objects in the universe. However, their existence has been hard to prove, despite numerous attempts to find them. Dr Moraes says that, if strange stars exist, they could be interacting with regular neutron stars in binary systems and producing these noticeable effects. Observing such a system could result in a ‘gravitational wave detection,’ said Dr Moraes, ‘which is one of the most challenging experimental breakthroughs of the century.’ For now, just the existence of strange matter and stars themselves would be hugely interesting. It would suggest there are objects in the universe that are far beyond our current understanding. | By . Emily Allen . Last updated at 7:29 PM on 5th March 2012 . A top cricket coach has been jailed for six years for abusing young boys. Michael Strange was a respected scout for Durham County Cricket Club, tasked to seek out and train talented young players. He was also employed as a club captain and coach at Bill Quay Cricket Club in Gateshead. Michael Strange was jailed for six years and the court said he had been leading a 'double life' while being 'admired and respected' for his cricket career . Newcastle Crown Court heard the 52-year-old, who was regarded as an expert by many, used his position as a trusted mentor to subject three boys to sickening sex attacks. He was convicted of seven charges of indecent assault and one of indecency with a child after a trial, during which his victims had to re-live their experiences in court, earlier this year. Judge Roger Thorn said Strange had been leading a 'double life' while being 'admired and respected' for his cricket career. He gave Strange a lifelong sexual offences prevention order which bans him from attending cricket matches involving male youths. Strange must sign the sex offenders register for life and will be banned from working with children for life. Michael Strange was a respected scout for Durham County Cricket Club, (pictured) tasked to seek out and train talented young players . The judge said: 'The jury clearly found that you had lied and lied and lied.' The court heard Strange, of Wardley, Gateshead, had been well liked and respected by those who knew him and continues to deny any wrongdoing. Prosecutor Julian Smith told the court: 'He was a mentor and guide to all three complainants and he was a man with some influence and would have been seen as important by these young men. 'With each complainant Strange befriended them, complimenting then on their cricketing prowess. The judge at Newcastle Crown Court said: 'The jury clearly found that you had lied and lied and lied.' 'He would, when they were alone, show them pornography and would give them alcohol. 'He would get them on their own, either in his car after offering them a lift . home, or stopping at his own home as he was taking them home. Once they were on their own he would sexually assault them.' The court heard the three victims were aged around 12 and 13 when they were abused by Strange in the 1990s. A spokesman for the Bill Quay Cricket Club said: 'Our sympathy goes out to the victims.' | eng_Latn | 26,622 |
Researchers using a collider in New York say they have solved 'spin' mystery .
Since an experiment in 1987 the origins of proton spin have been unknown .
It had once been thought to be cause exclusively by quarks .
But this was proved to be wrong in the failed experiment 27 years ago .
Now a new study says gluons play an important role in proton spin .
Could bring to a close one of the greatest mysteries of subatomic physics . | By . Jonathan O'Callaghan . In 1987 scientists at the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) at Cern were left baffled when their experiment to work out why and how protons 'spin' was unsuccessful. The conundrum became known as the ‘proton spin crisis’ and has continued to prove puzzling for 27 years, but now researchers think they have the answer. A study has shown that a subatomic particle known as a gluon may be responsible for giving the proton the majority of its spin, bringing to an end a decades-long puzzle. Researchers using a collider in New York say they have solved the 'spin' mystery of protons. Since an experiment in 1987 the origins of proton spin have been unknown. It had once been thought to be cause exclusively by three quarks (illustrated), but now scientists think gluons play an important role . Atoms are usually made of protons, neutrons and electrons . These are made of even smaller elementary particles. Elementary particles, also known as fundamental particles, are the smallest particles we know to exist. They are subdivided into two groups, the first being fermions, which are said to be the particles that make up matter. The second are bosons, the force particles that hold the others together. Within the group of fermions are subatomic particles known as quarks. When quarks combine in threes, they form compound particles known as baryons. Protons are probably the best-known baryons. Sometimes, . quarks interact with corresponding anti-particles (such as . anti-quarks), which have the same mass but opposite charges. When this happens, they form mesons. Mesons . often turn up in the decay of heavy man-made particles, such as those . in particle accelerators, nuclear reactors and cosmic rays. Mesons, baryons, and other kinds of particles that take part in interactions like these are called hadrons. The latest research was conducted by Dr Daniel de Florian from the University of Buenos Aires and colleagues using a collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York. Previously it had been thought that the proton’s spin was caused exclusively by subatomic particles known as quarks. But the experiment in 1987 had showed that quarks failed to account for the entirety of the proton’s spin. Quarks are the subatomic particles that make up larger particles such as protons, while gluons are the ‘glue’ that holds them together. The term spin here is somewhat of a misnomer here, however. It does not describe the process of actual spinning, like a ball rotating, but it refers to what is basically ‘quantum spinning’, also called ‘nuclear spin’. Spin at a quantum level - the smallest you can possibly get - is defined as a physical constant that explains how particles have a magnetic field, interact and so on. How protons get this physical constant, however, was a mystery. Subatomic particles are said to have different values of spin - for example quarks have a spin of ½ in either a positive or negative direction. Protons have a spin of ½, which had led scientists to believe their spin could be accounted by two quarks of one orientation spin, and one the other. This, however, was not the case, with only a quarter of the proton’s spin coming from the quarks. ‘That was the naïve idea 25 years ago,’ Dr Daniel de Florian tells Scientific American. ‘By the end of the ‘80s it was possible to measure the contribution of the spin of the quarks to the spin of the proton, and the first measurement showed it was 0 percent. That was a very big surprise.’ Later measurements would show this contribution to be up to 25 per cent of the proton’s spin, leaving at least 75 per cent still accounted for. Quarks are elementary particles, the smallest particles we know to exist. When they combine they form compound particles known as hadrons. Quarks are said to have six ‘flavours’: Up, Down, Charm, Strange, Top and Bottom. Combinations of quarks within these flavours gives rise to the ‘larger’ particles. Groups of three quarks are known as baryons. An example of a baryon is a proton, which is made of two 'Up' quarks and a 'Down' quark. The latest research was conducted by Dr Daniel de Florian from the University of Buenos Aires and colleagues using a collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (top, center) is 2.4 miles (3.9 kilometres) in circumference, and dominates Brookhaven's 5,265-acre campus . The new research shows that gluons, which have a spin of 1, contribute as much as half of the proton’s spin. This was based on proton-proton collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). When protons are smashed together their interaction is controlled by the strong force. This is determined by gluons, meaning they are intricately involved in the collisions of protons. The orientation of the protons’ spins was then used to determine that gluons must indeed have an effect on spin. More data is needed from collisions at lower momentum to confirm the result, but for now it looks like one of the great mysteries in subatomic physics might finally be solved. And doing so will enable scientists to better understand how particles get their mass. One of the other unsolved mysteries of subatomic physics is that of confinement - why quarks, gluons and so forth are only ever found within other subatomic particles like protons, and not by themselves. Solving this would help explain how quarks and gluons in turn get their own spin. This result could be an important factor in determining where proton mass comes from. | By . Simon Tomlinson . and Daily Mail Reporter . and Ryan Gorman . PUBLISHED: . 01:45 EST, 16 December 2013 . | . UPDATED: . 05:09 EST, 16 December 2013 . Ritual: Chun Michael Deng died after being knocked unconscious during a fraternity hazing . Pi Delta Psi's national head announced early Monday that the Baruch College 'colony's affiliation with the fraternity has been terminated after of the hazing death of a freshman pledge. Chun 'Michael' Deng, 19, died after a brutal hazing incident left him brain dead last weekend, the action comes a full week after the shocking death - despite the fraternity having a 'strict no hazing policy,' according to the statement. The announcement was made in a statement to MailOnline from fraternity executive vice president Andy Meng. 'Our thoughts and condolences continue to be with the family and friends of Chun Hsien'Michael' Deng,' Mr Meng said. 'As a direct result of the unsanctioned and prohibited events that took place last weekend, Pi Delta Psi Fraternity has revoked and terminated all affiliation with the Baruch Colony, effective immediately,' Mr Meng wrote. 'Baruch Colony has violated the values and rules of our organization, including our strict nohazing policy,' he continued. 'As such, they shall no longer be recognized as having any association with Pi Delta Psi.' 'Additionally, we will also revoke the individual memberships of any member found involved in this incident.' Mr Meng also asked members responsible for Mr Deng's death to come forward and pledged to continue working with officials investigating the incident. The announcement comes only days after it was revealed that investigators discovered hallucinogenic mushrooms, marijuana, paddles and a photocopy of pages from a book about torture, according to an affidavit cited by multiple media outlets. Police believe Mr Deng was injured during a hazing ritual called the 'Glass Ceiling,' where people . are blindfolded and made to carry 20 pounds of sand in a back while members of Pi Delta Psi repeatedly tackled him. Mr Deng was tackled one too many times, he lied in the snow unresponsive after being knocked unconscious after hitting his head. Fraternity brothers are believed to have carried him inside where they set him down and changed his clothes as others looked up his symptoms on the internet, police said. Deng was reported to be unconscious . and unresponsive immediately after he fell... Deng was then carried inside and placed by a fire and continued to be unresponsive,' said the affidavit. 'Deng was then carried inside and placed by a fire and continued to be unresponsive.' They did not take Mr Deng to a hospital for more than an hour, and when the group finally arrived at the hospital he was declared brain dead. Scroll down for video . Fraternity ritual: Police are investigating how an NYC student died over the weekend in Pennsylvania . Mr Deng, died from head injuries on Monday, after three fellow students took him to the hospital at about 6.40am on Sunday. He had been knocked unconscious around 5am Sunday morning. Quick to realize they had a problem on their hands, brothers from Baruch frantically removed . fraternity-related items from the Pennsylvania home, police said. Members . of the fraternity had initially said Mr Deng had hurt himself while . wrestling in snow outside the rented property, about 100 miles from the . Manhattan campus. A Pennsylvania prosecutor has said charges in the case are expected once the police investigation ends. The level of charges and who specifically will be charged is not clear, Monroe County District Attorney E. David Christine told CNN. The fraternity also moved to quickly mitigate any further hazing. 'As . a result of this incident, we are immediately suspending all new member . education nationwide until further notice,' national president Andy . Meng said in a statement. The . Monroe County District Attorney's office said the 19-year-old was injured at a Tunkhannock Township residence, . where about 30 members of the Pi Delta Psi fraternity had traveled for . the weekend. The township is in northeastern Pennsylvania, about 100 miles west of New York City. Mr Deng, a freshman at Baruch College, was one of four students pledging to the fraternity in the hazing ritual, the practice of humiliating and torturing newcomers as part of their fraternity initiation. Tragedy: The 19-year-old was injured at a residence in Tunkhannock Township (above), where about 30 members of the Pi Delta Psi fraternity had travelled for the weekend . Pocono . Mountain Regional Police Chief Harry Lewis told NBC News that the . pledges were told they had to get from one point to another while . blindfolded. Mr Deng never saw it coming. Local . authorities have pledged to charge anyone involved in the blindfolded . teen's death, and that there may be dozens of charges, according to . reports. The sheer volume of charges is such that they are likely be announced next week at the earliest, officials said. Baruch . College announced late Friday that the fraternity has been suspended . from campus, an internal review and the results of the criminal . investigation will determine which disciplinary action the school takes . against individuals. The group identifies itself as 'an Asian American Cultural Fraternity' founded in 1994, with a mission 'to spread Asian American Cultural . awareness.' In a statement, Baruch said 'the . preliminary reports indicate that Michael died over the weekend while . participating in an unsanctioned fraternity pledging event.' 'Baruch . College had no knowledge of this event or that the fraternity was . rushing a pledge class. Pi Delta Psi did not request permission nor were . they approved by Baruch on this matter.' The . school also said that it has a 'zero tolerance policy regarding hazing' and that all fraternities and sororities are required to attend an . orientation session that includes anti-hazing training, and sign . statements that they understand the policies . 'Michael's . death is a deeply painful reminder that no individual should ever be . put into a position where his or her personal safety is in jeopardy. Our . deepest sympathies go out to Michael's family and his friends.' No arrests have yet been made in the death. | eng_Latn | 26,623 |
[Variability of Vibrio cholerae as affected by subbacteriostatic concentrations of antibiotics]. | The effect of subbacteriostatic concentrations of some antibiotics on variation of the features characterizing the serovar and biovar of the cholera germ was studied on 10 strains of V. cholerae E1 Tor of the Inaba serovar having the typical properties. It was shown that even a single exposure to the subbacteriostatic concentrations of some antibiotics resulted in formations of clones differing from the parental strains by a number of significant features, such as the antigenic structure, phage lysability and enterotoxicity. The new features were inherited in a number of generations on multiplication in culture media and in sensitive animal hosts. | We calculate the coherent charmonium photoproduction at intermediate energies accounting for the physics of the charmonium bound states and the dependence of the cross section on the region occupied by color using a correspondingly adjusted generalized vector dominance model (GVDM). In the photon energy domain where the coherence lengths are comparable to the average internucleon distances in nuclei and the nuclear radii we found that significant oscillations of the total and forward photoproduction cross sections governed by the longitudinal nuclear form factor are strongly modified by the charmonium rescatterings accounting for the nondiagonal transitions related to the color screening phenomenon. We discuss how these oscillations can influence the determination of the genuine charmonium-nucleon cross sections in the forthcoming SLAC E160 experiment on low energy J/psi and psi' photoproduction off nuclei. | eng_Latn | 26,624 |
Measurements of differential Z boson production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV | Measurements are presented of the differential cross sections for Z bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV and decaying to muons and electrons. The data analyzed were collected in 2016 with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The measured fiducial inclusive product of cross section and branching fraction agrees with next-to-next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics calculations. Differential cross sections of the transverse momentum pT, the optimized angular variable $$ {\phi}_{\eta}^{\ast } $$, and the rapidity of lepton pairs are measured. The data are corrected for detector effects and compared to theoretical predictions using fixed order, resummed, and parton shower calculations. The uncertainties of the measured normalized cross sections are smaller than 0.5% for $$ {\phi}_{\eta}^{\ast } $$< 0.5 and for $$ {p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}} $$< 50 GeV. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,625 |
Structures and electronic properties of CumCon-CO-H2O (m + n = 2 -7) clusters | A theoretical study was carried out of CO2 and H2O co-adsorption on Cu m Co n (2 ≤ m + n ≤ 7) clusters using density functional method. The results show that, generally, CO2 molecules are adsorbed at top and bridge sites, but CO2 of Cu2CO4-CO2-H2O, Cu2Co5-CO2-H2O, and Co7-CO2-H2O clusters are at hollow sites. And H2O are all adsorbed at top sites via O atoms. Co5-CO2-H2O, CuCo2-CO2-H2O, Cu2Co-CO2-H2O, and Cu5Co-CO2-H2O clusters show better thermodynamic stability, while Cu2-CO2-H2O, Co2-CO2-H2O, Cu2Co-CO2-H2O, Cu3Co-CO2-H2O, and Cu6-CO2-H2O have stronger chemical stability. Mulliken charge and partial density of states are also analyzed for understanding the effect on interaction between CO2 and Cu-Co clusters after doping H2O. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,626 |
QUATERNIONIC SIX-DIMENSIONAL (SUPER)TWISTOR FORMALISM AND COMPOSITE (SUPER)SPACES | We extend by real quaternions the D=4 twistor and supertwistor formalism. The notion of quaternionic D=4 composite superspaces is considered. The construction of D=6 real composite space-time variables as well as D=6 real composite superspaces is shown. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | yue_Hant | 26,627 |
Magneto-optical properties of semi-parabolic plus semi-inverse squared quantum wells | Abstract We theoretically study the optical absorption in a quantum well with the semi-parabolic potential plus the semi-inverse squared potential (SPSIS) in the presence of a static magnetic field in which both one- and two-photon absorption processes have been taken into account. The expression of the magneto-optical absorption coefficient (MOAC) is expressed by the second-order golden rule approximation including the electron–LO phonon interaction. We also use the profile method to obtain the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the absorption peaks. Our numerical results show that either MOAC or FWHM strongly depends on the confinement frequency, temperature, and magnetic field but their dependence on the parameter β is very weak. The temperature dependence of FWHM is consistent with the previous theoretical and experimental works. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,628 |
Angular-Differential Coincidence Studies of Electron Capture and Transferionisation in Proton/Fullerene Collisions | Charge changing collisions between slow protons (v ~ 0.2 a.u.) and C60 fullerenes have been studied with the technique of coincident time-of flight mass spectrometry. Despite the low collision energies, the fullerene target is multi-ionised and formed in charge states 1 to 3, the outgoing scattered protons are neutralised or negatively charged. The relative importance of different processes (single and double capture, transfer ionisation and target excitation) as a function of the scattering angle, as well as corresponding angular distributions are discussed | We attempt quantitative implementation of a previous suggestion that asymmetric charge neutralization of DNA phosphate groups may provide part of the driving force for nucleosome folding. Polyelectrolyte theory can be used to estimate the effective compressive force acting along the length of one side of the DNA surface when a fraction of the phosphate groups are neutralized by histones bound to that side. A standard engineering formula then relates the force to the bending amplitude caused by it. Calculated bending amplitudes are consistent with the curvature of nucleosomal DNA and the overall extent of charge neutralization by the histones. The relation of the model to various aspects of nucleosome folding, including the detailed path of core-particle DNA, is discussed. Several other DNA-protein complexes are listed as examples of possible asymmetric charge-induced bending. | eng_Latn | 26,629 |
Neutron fibre diffraction studies of DNA hydration | Abstract Techniques for recording and analysing fibre diffraction data from DNA using the instrument D19 at the Institut Laue-Langevin Reactor Source and the instrument SXD at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS Spallation Source are described and compared. Data recorded from a specially prepared sample of deuterated DNA in the A conformation using SXD are compared with previously analysed data from a normally hydrogenated DNA in the same conformation recorded on D19. A preliminary Fourier difference analysis of these two datasets has allowed their consistency to be established. | Abstract Recently we proposed the hypercubic smearing (HYP) that improves the flavor symmetry of staggered fermions by an order of magnitude with only minimal distortions at small distances. We describe a new algorithm to simulate dynamical HYP fermions based on the standard pure gauge overrelaxation and heatbath updates. The algorithm has been used to simulate four and two flavors of staggered fermions. Unlike standard dynamical simulation techniques, this algorithm does not loose efficiency at small quark masses. | eng_Latn | 26,630 |
Decay of aTz=−2Nucleus: Argon-32 | ..beta..-delayed protons have been observed from /sup 32/Ar (t/sub 1/2/ approx. 75 msec), the most neutron-deficient nucleus whose radioactive decay has ever been recorded. From the proton spectrum, the T = 2 state in /sup 32/Cl has been identified to have a mass excess of -8295.6 +- 5.2 keV. As the fourth accurately known member of an isobaric quintet, it provides an accurate test for a cubic term in the isobaric-multiplet mass equation as applied to narrow T = 2 states: The coefficient of such a possible term is determined to be 0.5 +- 2.5 keV. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,631 |
Time-reversal invariance in multipole mixing ratios | Abstract Time-reversal invariance in the context of multipole mixing ratios in nuclear γ-decay is discussed. As a specific example the long overdue analysis of the 57 Fe experiment done in 1977 is performed. The limits on possible phenomenological scalar time-reversal noninvariant nucleon-nucleon potentials are found to be one order of magnitude more sensitive compared to an earlier analysis of a measurement in 192 Pt. Effects due to nuclear properties that enhance the elementary process are considered. | Research on morphological control in block copolymers under the following four categories: thermoreversible morphology transitions, discovery of new morphologies, the control of morphology by blending and other control methods, is reviewed | eng_Latn | 26,632 |
Parity of the Pairing Bosons in a High-TemperaturePb−Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8Bilayer Superconductor by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy | We report the observation of a novel effect in the bilayer Pb-Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (Pb-Bi2212) high-T(c) superconductor by means of angle-resolved photoemission with circularly polarized excitation. Different scattering rates, determined as a function of energy separately for the bonding and antibonding copper-oxygen bands, strongly imply that the dominating scattering channel is odd with respect to layer exchange within a bilayer. This is inconsistent with a phonon-mediated scattering and favors the participation of the odd collective spin excitations in the scattering mechanism in near-nodal regions of the k space, suggesting a magnetic nature of the pairing mediator. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,633 |
Luminescence from Vacuum‐Ultraviolet–irradiated Cosmic Ice Analogs and Residues | An electrophotographic toner containing a specific compound as the charge control agent is described. The electrophotographic toner according to the present invention have a sharper distribution of charge and better moisture resistance and charge durability than those of a toner wherein a conventional charge control agent is used. Therefore it can provide an image having a very high gradation and has a very high capability of repeatedly forming an image. Since the charge control agent, as such, is essentially colorless, a colorant can freely be selected according to a hue required of a color toner and the toner is not detrimental to the hue inherent in a dye and a pigment. The charge control agent is highly safe to environment. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,634 |
Energy spectrum of low energy positrons generated by radiation from relativistic electrons channeled in a crystal | Abstract The shape of positron energy spectra with the energy up to 50 MeV, generated by conversion of planar channeling radiation from relativistic electrons into electron–positron pairs in a thin amorphous converter has been studied by means of numerical calculations. The results obtained show that the shape of the positron energy spectrum depends on several parameters: on the initial electron energy, on the alignment of the crystal with respect to the electron beam, on the type of the crystal where the initial electrons are channeled, and on the crystal temperature. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,635 |
Fire string theory of e+e- annihilation | The FS theory of e+e- annihilation in hadrons, when compared with the high-energy data available today, shows that the framework on which it is based does provide an accurate picture of what happens in Nature when a lepton pair annihilates at high energy. Its ability to reproduce in terms of a very small number of inputs and of a set of simple theoretical ideas the most diverse and subtle aspects of hadronic production gives very strong hints about what a complete and correct theory of hadronic behaviour might be. | We have evaluated, at different temperatures, the second and fourth order anisotropy constants of N%FeI,B- based melt spun samples in which Nd was partly replaced by Dy. This was done through an analysis of the first quadrant demagnetization branches of the hysteresis loops in terms of a one sublattice coherent rotation model of non interacting iso- tropically distributed grains. Our results evidence how the in- crease in Dy content corresponds both to the increase of the second order anisotropy constant and to a decrease of the fourth order one. | eng_Latn | 26,636 |
Fluorine chemistry in Japan (1952 | Abstract The history of fluorine chemistry in Japan and the internationalization of the Japanese fluorine chemistry is briefly described. | A good deal is known by now on the so-called jellium model of the homogeneous electron liquid. However, much of the quantitative progress at experimentally realizable densities has come from quantal computer simulation. Therefore, we here consider a homogeneous Fermion liquid with ‘artificial’ repulsive interaction λ/(rij )2 between Fermions i and j at separation rij . We discuss first of all the way the static structure function S(q), essentially the Fourier transform of the pair correlation function, is changed because of non-zero λ from the ‘Fermi hole’ form due entirely to Pauli principle effects between parallel spin Fermions. Unlike jellium with e 2/rij repulsive interactions, S(q) is proportional to q at long wavelengths, whereas the plasmon in jellium annulls the q term and S(q) is quadratic in q as q tends to zero. However for λ/(rij )2 interactions, the coefficient of q appearing in the Fermi hole structure factor, is renormalized by particle repulsions. Then some discussion is given of Fermion ... | eng_Latn | 26,637 |
Isospin selection rules for real photons observed in the6Li(?,d) reaction | The reaction6Li (γ, d) with Eγ around 60 MeV has been investigated with monoenergetic photons using a Si-Ge ΔE-E telescope, allowing accurate identification of deuterons with good energy resolution. A strict obedience of the isospin selection rule for E1 absorption, i.e. ΔT=1, is observed for the ground state transition. | Hypericin and stentorin are the most important representatives of the phenanthroperylene quinones. Their tautomerism, dissociation, conformation, and association equilibria make them structurally complex, and they are interesting on the one hand for medical applications (for example, photodynamic therapy) and on the other as biological photoreceptors. | eng_Latn | 26,638 |
Hydrogen bonding in ternary polymer blend systems : determination of association parameters | The polymer blend system consisting of poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVPh), poly(vinylacetate) (PVAc), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) represents a rare case of a ternary system in which each binary pair is miscible in the amorphous state at 150 o C. Using the concept of competing equilibria, it is shown that the equilibrium constant describing hydrogen bonding between the OH group of PVPh and the ether oxygen of PEO can he determined from quantitative infrared spectroscopic analysis of the fraction of hydrogen-bonded PVAc carbonyl groups in single-phase ternary compositions rich in PVPh | We studied the role of the tensor interaction in He isotopes systematically on the basis of the tensor-optimized shell model (TOSM). We use a bare nucleon-nucleon interaction AV8${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ obtained from nucleon-nucleon scattering data. The short-range correlation is treated in the unitary correlation operator method (UCOM). Using the TOSM + UCOM approach, we investigate the role of tensor interaction on each spectrum in He isotopes. It is found that the tensor interaction enhances the $LS$ splitting energy observed in ${}^{5}$He, in which the ${p}_{1/2}$ and ${p}_{3/2}$ orbits play different roles on the tensor correlation. In ${}^{6,7,8}$He, the low-lying states containing extra neutrons in the ${p}_{3/2}$ orbit gain the tensor contribution. On the other hand, the excited states containing extra neutrons in the ${p}_{1/2}$ orbit lose the tensor contribution due to the Pauli-blocking effect with the $2p2h$ states in the ${}^{4}$He core configuration. | eng_Latn | 26,639 |
Geant4 simulation of multi-sphere spectrometer response function and the detection of 241Am–Be neutron spectrum | This paper is aimed at detecting the neutron spectrum of 241Am–Be, a widely used neutron source, with the SP9 3He proportional counter, which is a multi-sphere spectrometer system of eight thermal neutron detectors embedded in eight polyethylene (PE) spheres of varying diameters. The transport processes of a neutron in the multi-sphere spectrometer are simulated using the Geant4 code. Two sets of response functions of the PE spheres are obtained for calculating the 241Am–Be neutron spectrum. Response Function 1 utilizes the thermal neutron scattering model G4NeutronHPThermalScattering for neutron energies of ≤ 4 eV, and Response Function 2 has no thermal treatment. Neutron spectra of an 241Am–Be neutron source are measured and compared to those calculated by using the response functions. The results show that response function with thermal treatment is more accurate and closer to the real spectrum. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,640 |
Exciton migration in a «pseudo»-one-dimensional crystal: luminescence dynamics of doped CsMnBr3 | The exciton migration in CsMnBr3 (CMB), a linear chain salt which acts as a ‘‘pseudo’’‐one‐dimensional antiferromagnet, has been probed by examining the time‐resolved luminescence of doped crystals. A number of metal ions such as Cr2+, Cr3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Mo3+, Er3+ were observed to behave as exciton traps, while Cd2+ and Mg2+ act as exciton scatterers (antitraps). Samples doped with traps and traps along with scatterers, as well as ‘‘dilute’’ CsMnx[Mg2+ or Cd2+ ]1−xBr3 crystals were investigated. Analysis of the data indicates that exciton migration between chains is significant with a room temperature hopping frequency of 107–108 s−1 and a thermal barrier of 500 cm−1. The barrier for intrachain migration appears to be somewhat smaller, between 350 and 400 cm−1. Only at temperatures below 60 K does the exciton migration seem to be strictly confined to one dimension. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,641 |
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of Li_2ZrCuO_4 - a spin 1/2 Heisenberg system in vicinity to a quantum critical point | Based on density functional calculations, we present a detailed theoretical study of the electronic structure and the magnetic properties of the quasi-one dimensional chain cuprate Li_2ZrCuO_4 (Li_2CuZrO_4). For the relevant ratio of the next-nearest neighbor exchange J_2 to the nearest neighbor exchange J_1 we find alpha = -J_2/J_1 = 0.22\pm0.02 which is very close to the critical point at 1/4. Owing this vicinity to a ferromagnetic-helical critical point, we study in detail the influence of structural peculiarities such as the reported Li disorder and the non-planar chain geometry on the magnetic interactions combining the results of LDA based tight-binding models with LDA+U derived exchange parameters. Our investigation is complemented by an exact diagonalization study of a multi-band Hubbard model for finite clusters predicting a strong temperature dependence of the optical conductivity for Li_2ZrCuO_4. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,642 |
Finale: Color in Foods, Photochemistry, Photoluminescence, Pharmaceuticals, Fireworks, Fun, and the Future | This final chapter will alliteratively pick up many topics that fell outside the trajectory traced by the history–chemistry—color interface in the previous seven chapters. We will see how colored additives affected the food quality of the past and, by extension, how color has affected, and continues to influence, so many other aspects of our daily lives. | Recent results from CERN experiment NA36 are discussed and compared with models. These results refer to reactions of sulfur and protons of momentum 200 GeV/c per nucleon on a lead target. The [Lambda] spectrum for the sulfur beam was found to peak at mid-rapidity rather than target rapidity as observed in the proton induced reactions. This result indicates different reaction mechanisms are active. We discuss in some detail the analysis methods used. The data are consistent with the assumption of a fireball of high strangeness content being created at mid-rapidity in S [plus] Pb reactions. | eng_Latn | 26,643 |
Observation of soft-modes in a single crystal of Rb2ZnBr4 by Raman scattering | Abstract The Raman spectra of an oriented single crystal of Rb 2 ZnBr 4 shows three soft modes. One of them is interpreted as the amplitude mode of the incommensurate phase. The second one, seen well below the lock-in transition temperature appears as the phase mode. Moreover, an additional soft mode is observed between T =120 K and T =20 K , in the b(c, c)a scattering geometry. By extrapolation it is found that its frequency would vanish around T 3 =140 K ± 10 K . This soft mode is likely to be related to a new phase transition. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,644 |
Spin dynamics in CuO and in La2CuO4 under charge and spin substitutions from NQR-NMR relaxation | Abstract NQR-NMR relaxation measurements in Cu 1− x Li x O and La 2− x Sr x CuO 4 (for x 2+ spin configuration are induced by the diffusion-like motion of the extra holes and deriving quantitative information on the correlation time and on the energy gap between localized and mobile states. The similarities and the differences between CuO:Li and La 2 CuO 4 :Sr are emphasized. The correspondent situation arising upon spin substitution in La 2 Cu 1− y Zn y O 4 and in La 2 Cu 1− y Ni y O 4 is then briefly presented. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,645 |
Hopping-induced energy relaxation with allowance for all possible versions of intercenter transitions | Hopping relaxation of localized excitons is discussed within a model that avoids the approximation of treating hopping to nearest-neighbor centers only, thereby lifting the model-imposed restriction on the largest concentration of localized states that can be treated. The general results are illustrated by an example in which the line shape of low-temperature exciton luminescence in the tail of localized states is calculated. | Abstract Recently we proposed the hypercubic smearing (HYP) that improves the flavor symmetry of staggered fermions by an order of magnitude with only minimal distortions at small distances. We describe a new algorithm to simulate dynamical HYP fermions based on the standard pure gauge overrelaxation and heatbath updates. The algorithm has been used to simulate four and two flavors of staggered fermions. Unlike standard dynamical simulation techniques, this algorithm does not loose efficiency at small quark masses. | eng_Latn | 26,646 |
Variation in cyanogenesis within and among populations and species of Turnera series Canaligerae (Turneraceae) | Nine species of Turnera series Canaligerae, at three ploida levels, were tested for cyanogenesis. Four of nine species (including both diploids and hexaploids) possessed cyanogenic plants. Tetraploids were never found to be cyanogenic. Variation for cyanogenesis occurred within three species. All acyanogenic plants investigated possess β-glucosidases capable of hydrolysing exogenously supplied cyanogenic glycosides. Floral parts and seedling tissues are cyanogenic. Within-plant variation occurs and the intensity of cyanogenesis varies with leaf age. | We calculate the coherent charmonium photoproduction at intermediate energies accounting for the physics of the charmonium bound states and the dependence of the cross section on the region occupied by color using a correspondingly adjusted generalized vector dominance model (GVDM). In the photon energy domain where the coherence lengths are comparable to the average internucleon distances in nuclei and the nuclear radii we found that significant oscillations of the total and forward photoproduction cross sections governed by the longitudinal nuclear form factor are strongly modified by the charmonium rescatterings accounting for the nondiagonal transitions related to the color screening phenomenon. We discuss how these oscillations can influence the determination of the genuine charmonium-nucleon cross sections in the forthcoming SLAC E160 experiment on low energy J/psi and psi' photoproduction off nuclei. | eng_Latn | 26,647 |
Ultrafast Fluorescence Photoswitch Incorporating Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Benzo[1,3]oxazine | With the objective of developing ultrafast fluorescent switch molecules, we have designed and synthesized fluorescence switch molecules incorporating two oxazine photochromes (OX) at the two end of single diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) fluorophore giving the shape of the dyad molecule as OX-DPP-OX. For precise characterization, steady-state photophysical properties, acid–base-induced spectroscopic studies and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopic studies are performed. In acetonitrile (ACN) solution, the benzo[1,3]oxazine ring of studied oxazine derivatives in OX-DPP-OX opens up and reduces the fluorescence intensity of DPP by 66% upon addition of 50 equiv of trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH, TFA) and addition of an equivalent amount of base, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide ((C4H9)4NOH, TBAOH), closes the oxazine ring, reverting the fluorescence intensity of the DPP unit back to its original intensity. Likewise, upon 330 nm laser excitation, the oxazine ring opens up in less than 135 ps in ACN solution, redu... | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,648 |
Radiation in diamond, leucosapphire, and quartz under the excitation of electron beam with an energy of up to 400 keV | The paper presents measurement data on the radiation excited in synthetic diamonds, leucosapphire, and quartz KU1 at a wavelength of 200–800 nm by a pulsed electron beam with an energy of up to 400 keV. The crystals reveal wide bands whose intensity increases with decreasing wavelength in the range 220–400 nm. For leucosapphire and quartz, the radiation pulse at these wavelengths is close in duration to the electron beam current pulse, suggesting that it is Cherenkov radiation. For synthetic diamonds, both Cherenkov radiation and pulsed cathodoluminescence are detected in this spectral region. In particular, an intense band of free excitons with its maximum at 235 nm is found at high beam current densities and electron energies. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,649 |
Verification of the laws of luminescence of solids for manganese complexes of benzyl-trimethylammonium and 2-chloropyridinium | A formula at low temperature for the function G(1λ) = Iλλ6 has been derived in terms of configuration curve theory and checked on luminescence spectra near 77 K. The vibrational quantum in the excited state has been calculated from the decrease of G(1λM), where λM is the wavelength of the maxima of G at low temperature, as a function of temperature. | The phase diagram at finite temperature and density is investigated in the framework of the Polyakov linear sigma model (PLSM) with three light quark flavors in the mean field approximation. It is found that in the PLSM, the three phase transitions, i.e. the chiral restoration of u, d quarks, the chiral restoration of s quark and the deconfinement phase transition, are independent. There exists a two-flavor quarkyonic phase at low-density and a three-flavor quarkyonic phase at high density. The critical end point (CEP) which separates the crossover from the first-order line in the PLSM model is located at (TE, μE) = (188 MeV, 139.5 MeV). In the transition region, the thermodynamic properties and the bulk viscosity over entropy density ratio ζ/s are also discussed in the PLSM. | eng_Latn | 26,650 |
Quantum Yields of Photoacid Generation in 193-nm Chemically Amplified Resists by Fluorescence Imaging Spectroscopy | We have made significant improvements in the development of a fast, convenient fluorescence imaging technique for evaluating the acid generation efficiency of photoacids in chemically amplified photoresists. A pH sensitive fluorescent molecule, coumarin 6 (C6), is doped into a 193-nm commercial resist system for imaging. For the 193-nm resist systems studied here, the Ka of C6 lies within the range of acid concentrations that can be photogenerated, making it a suitable probe of the acid generation efficiency of various photoacid generators (PAGs). Resist formulations, each containing a candidate PAG, are doped with C6. The resist is spin coated onto wafers and patterned with 5-μm features, with each feature at a different exposure dose. Each wafer is then spectroscopically imaged with an epi-fluorescence microscope. The spectroscopic content of each feature in the dose ramp is determined and the resulting data are analyzed using a two-level optical titration model. The relative quantum yields of acid gene... | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,651 |
Addition of carbon radicals to 4′,5′-unsaturated uracilnucleosides by the use of organoselenium reagents: A new stereoselective entry to CC bond formation at the 5′-position | Abstract Addition of carbon radicals generated from organoselenium reagents (PhSeR: R= COPh, CO 2 Et, CH 2 CO 2 Et, CH 2 COMe, and CH 2 CN) to 4′,5′-unsaturated uracilnucleosides was found to provide a highly efficient entry to CC bond formation at the 5′-position, the stereochemical outcome of which is dependent upon the hydroxyl protecting group. | On the basis of Lee-Low-Pines unitary transformation, the influences of Rashba spin–orbit (RSO) coupling energy and Zeeman splitting energy on the ground-state energy of polaron in a quantum rod (QRD) have been studied by using a variational method of Pekar type. Taking the RSO interaction and the Zeeman splitting into account, we derive the variational relations of the absolute ratios \( \zeta_{1} \) and \( \zeta_{2} \) of the RSO coupling energy and the Zeeman splitting energy to the ground-state energy of polaron with the transverse confinement radius (TCR) and the longitudinal confinement length (LCL) of QRD, as well as and the magnetic field adjusting length (MFAL). The results show that the absolute ratios \( \zeta_{1} \) and \( \zeta_{2} \) will increase when the TCR and the LCL become larger, but will slowly decrease while the MFAL and the aspect ratio of the ellipsoid \( \delta \) increase, respectively. The above results can be attributed to the spin effects and interesting quantum size confining. | eng_Latn | 26,652 |
Two-particle spectral function for disordered s-wave superconductors: local maps and collective modes | We make the first testable predictions for the local two-particle spectral function of a disordered s-wave superconductor, probed by scanning Josephson spectroscopy (sjs), providing complementary information to scanning tunneling spectroscopy (sts). We show that sjs provides a direct map of the local superconducting order parameter that is found to be anticorrelated with the gap map obtained by sts. Furthermore, this anticorrelation increases with disorder. For the momentum resolved spectral function, we find the Higgs mode shows a non-dispersive subgap feature at low momenta, spectrally separated from phase modes, for all disorder strengths. The amplitude-phase mixing remains small at low momenta even when disorder is large. Remarkably, even for large disorder and high momenta, the amplitude-phase mixing oscillates rapidly in frequency and hence do not affect significantly the purity of the Higgs and phase dominated response functions. | We present calculations for {sup 8}Be-{sup 8}Be cluster states in {sup 16}O based on our recent schematic coupled-channels model. We justify some of the approximations made in the schematic model in this paper. The present calculations broadly support our assumptions about the states in {sup 16}O which formed the basis of our previous calculations in {sup 24}Mg. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.} | eng_Latn | 26,653 |
A Computational Study of the Effects of13C-13C Scalar Couplings on13C CEST NMR Spectra: Towards Studies on a Uniformly13C-Labeled Protein | Read the label: The NMR CEST experiment can be used to reconstruct spectra of sparsely populated, transiently formed protein conformers so long as they exchange with a highly populated ground state with rates of 20-300 s(-1) . Here we establish that accurate (13) C chemical shifts of side-chain carbon nuclei can be obtained from uniformly (13) C-labeled samples, without interference from the coupled (13) C spin network. | The CHAIN.238DJ computer code was used to calculate the isotopic concentrations of various nuclides of importance in the transmutation chain that results from neutron and photon irradiation of {sup 237}Np. The CHAIN.238DJ code has some special features not commonly found in other transmutation codes. It contains methods that account for changing resonance and spatial self-shielding, and it calculates the production of {sup 236}Pu from {sup 237}Np({gamma},n) reactions. The code requires fluxes, effective microscopic cross sections, half-lives, initial nuclide concentrations, and irradiation/decay cycle information as input. Given this information, CHAIN.238DJ calculates time-dependent concentrations of the nuclides in the chain at a point in space. Based on these time-dependent concentrations, the code calculates total plutonium production, {sup 238}Pu/Pu weight fraction or quality, and the {sup 236}Pu impurity content. | kor_Hang | 26,654 |
Morphology Control between Twisted Ribbon, Helical Ribbon, and Nanotube Self-Assemblies with His-Containing Helical Peptides in Response to pH Change | pH-Responsive molecular assemblies with a variation in morphology ranging from a twisted ribbon, a helical ribbon, to a nanotube were prepared from a novel A3B-type amphiphilic peptide having three hydrophilic poly(sarcosine) (A block) chains, a hydrophobic helical dodecapeptide (B block), and two histidine (His) residues between the A3 and B blocks. The A3B-type peptide adopted morphologies of the twisted ribbon at pH 3.0, the helical ribbon at pH 5.0, and the nanotube at pH 7.4, depending upon the protonation states of the two His residues. On the other hand, another A3B-type peptide having one His residue between the A3 and B blocks showed a morphology change only between the helical ribbon and the relatively planar sheets with pH variation in this range. The morphology change is thus induced by one- or two-charge generation at the linking site of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks of the component amphiphiles but in different ways. | My presentation will focus on some of the latest results of the neutron spin physics program at Jefferson Laboratory in Hall A using a polarized 3He target. This program includes several completed experiments in which the spin structure functions of 3He were measured. The covered kinematic regions were these measurements were performed include the low Q2 resonance and inelastic regions and the high Q2 deep inelastic region. These experiments offer a ground for testing our understanding of the strong regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) through the determination of the neutron spin‐dependent structure functions and their moments. | eng_Latn | 26,655 |
Thermal relaxation of hydrogen disordering in Pd–H system irradiated with high-energy particles | Abstract Effects of high-energy particle irradiation on the thermal relaxation of hydrogen disordering in the Pd–H system have been studied at low temperatures. A palladium foil (1.5 μm thick) doped with hydrogen up to the atomic ratio, H/Pd, of about 0.6 is used as a specimen. First, the hydrogen disordering is induced in the PdH 0.6 specimen by the following two means; fast cooling of the specimen from 80 K to 10 K, and irradiation at 10 K with 60 MeV 12 C ions. Then, the thermal relaxation behavior of hydrogen disordering is observed up to 80 K by measuring the electrical resistivity as a function of temperature. From the measurements at several heating rates (1, 2, 5 and 10 K/min), we determine the activation energy of hydrogen migration in the relaxation process to the thermal equilibrium state by means of a cross-cut method. Based on the experimental results, we discuss the difference between relaxation of hydrogen disordering by fast cooling and that by ion irradiation. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,656 |
He-6 and neutron momentum distributions from He-8 in nuclear break-up reactions at 240 MeV/u | Neutron and He-6 momentum distributions from He-8 break-up reactions in a C target have been measured at 240 MeV/u. The two-neutron removal cross section was found to be sigma(-2n) = 0.27 +/- 0.03 b. The nature of the momentum distributions is interpreted in some simple reaction scenarios. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,657 |
Measurement of radiative lifetimes and collisional quenching rates of HgX(B) (X = I, Br, Cl) by VUV photolysis of HgX2 | Abstract The HgX ∗ (B) states were excited by photodissociation of HgX 2 by a powerful VUV xenon laser. Saturation of the photodissociation process produces very short excitation pulses and has enabled accurate measurements of radiative lifetimes and collisional quenching rate with argon and xenon to be made. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,658 |
Generation of 220 fs, 20 W pulses at 2 μm from Kerr-lens mode-locked Ho:YAG thin-disk oscillator | We report the first mode-locked Ho:YAG thin-disk oscillator delivering 220 fs pulses at 20 W average power and 2090 nm central wavelength. The output parameters constitute the highest average power of any mode-locked oscillator around 2 μm. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,659 |
Muon transfer from muonic hydrogen to atomic oxygen | The muon transfer probabilities between muonic hydrogen and an oxygen atom are calculated in a constrained geometry one dimensional model for collision between 10^-6 and 10^3 eV. These estimated rates are discussed in the light of previous model calculations and available experimental data for this process. | Abstract It is shown that an isolated polyatomic molecule can undergo a structural phase transition when optically pumped. | eng_Latn | 26,660 |
The Bray-Liebhafsky reaction. Influence of some polymers based on poly (4-vinylpyridine) | Behavior of the Bray-Liebhafsky oscillatory reaction in the presence of acid-base polymers with and without ferric ions is analyzed. The influence of hydrogen ions on the overall reaction is shown. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,661 |
Status of Qupid, a novel photosensor for noble liquid detectors | Abstract The discovery potential of experiments searching for rare events, such as dark matter interaction, relies heavily upon achieving a very low background environment. The current generation of noble liquid dark matter detectors is limited by the radioactivity in the detector materials, mostly from the photomultiplier tubes. Quartz Photon Intensifying Detector (Q upid ) is a novel photosensor based upon hybrid APD technology and with intrinsic radioactivity at least an order of magnitude lower than the presently employed phototubes. The basic concept as well as the status and the prospect of the Q upid are reviewed. The performance of the Q upid as photosensor for the ultraviolet scintillation light of liquid xenon is presented. | The dependence of the differential cross section ${\mathrm{d}\sigma}/{\mathrm{d}p_{\perp}}$ of inclusive heavy quark production in pp and $\bar{\mathrm{p}}$p collisions on the renormalization and factorization scales is investigated. The implications of our results for experiments at TEVATRON and LHC are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the NLO QCD predictions for $\bar{t}t$ production at the LHC based on the Principle of Minimal Sensitivity are by 30-50% higher than the standard ones. | eng_Latn | 26,662 |
Ultrafast electric field-assisted pump-probe spectroscopy in poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) light-emitting diodes | Abstract Here we report a detailed study of organic light-emitting diodes based on poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO), to investigate polaron generation, due to field induced singlet dissociation, and their subsequent recombination. We find that initially free polarons coalesce into intermediate pairs of both singlets and triplets multiplicity which subsequently decay into the neutral state. There is indication that the efficiency of singlet formation ( β =0.7) is much higher than expected from simple state degeneracy arguments ( β =0.25). | For the reason that the algorithm PFIM needs to scan database repeatedly, to produce a great deal of redundant candidate itemset, and to compute more time-complexity of frequent probability, an improved algorithm UPro-Eclat which is based on PFIM and Eclat is proposed. It uses a vertical mining method which is extension-based, adds probabilistic information in Tid, builds recursively the subset of search tree, and mines probabilistic frequent pattern by depth-first traversa. The algorithm UPro-Eclat can swiftly find probabilistic frequent itemset rather than compute their probability in each possible world. | eng_Latn | 26,663 |
Phase equilibrium study of the system CuV2O5V2O4V2O5 | Abstract The phase diagram of the system CuV 2 O 5 V 2 O 4 V 2 O 5 at 923 K was established. Two new phases, Cu x V 9 O 22 (0.87 ≤ x ≤ 1.73) and Cu x V 12 O 29 (1.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.9), were found instead of the oxygen-deficient β′-Cu x V 2 O 5 reported earlier. Including β′-Cu x V 2 O 5 , they form a homologous series of bronze phases Cu x V 6 n O 15 n−m . These phases are closely related to β- and β′-Li x V 6 n O 15 n−m found previously. Factors bounding the maximum M content in M x V 6 n O 15 n − m ( M = Cu, Li) are discussed. The dc conductivities along the b -axis of the single crystals of the new phases were measured. | We study the processes $e^+ e^- \to Y(4260) \to J/\psi \pi\pi(K\bar{K})$. The strong final-state interactions, especially the coupled-channel ($\pi\pi$ and $K\bar{K}$) final-state interaction in the $S$-wave are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. It is found that the light-quark SU(3) octet state plays a significant role in these transitions, implying that the $Y(4260)$ contains a large light-quark component. Our findings suggest that the $Y(4260)$ is neither a hybrid nor a conventional charmonium state. Furthermore, through an analysis of the ratio of the light-quark SU(3) octet and singlet components, we show that the $Y(4260)$ does not behave like a pure $\bar D D_1$ hadronic molecule as well. | eng_Latn | 26,664 |
INVESTIGATION OF THE NUCLEAR SHADOWING EFFECT IN THE SMALL x REGION | In this paper, we analyse the spatial overlapping behavior of sea quarks of neighboring nucleons in nuclei in the small x region and give a relation between the nuclear shadowing factor R(x, Q~2, A) and the spatial overlapping factor △V_Λ(x)/V_Λ(x). By using this nuclear shadowing factor R(x, Q~2, A),we calculate the ratios of the average nuclear structure functions of nuclei ~(12)C, ~(63)Cu and ~(116)Sn, to the deuteron structure function and obtais a better agreement between the calculated result and the experimental data. | Are philosophers of science limited to conducting autopsies on dead scientific theories, or might they also help resolve contemporary methodological disputes in science? This essay (1) gives an overview of thought experiments, especially in mathematics; (2) outlines three major positions on the current dose-response controversy for ionizing radiation; and (3) sketches an original mathematical thought experiment that might help resolve the low-dose radiation conflict. This thought experiment relies on the assumptions that radiation "hits'' are Poisson distributed and that background conditions cause many more radiation-induced cancers than human activities. The essay closes by responding to several key objections to the position defended here. | yue_Hant | 26,665 |
A Preliminary Study for Isotopic Composition of Boron in Flavor Liquor from Maotai Region | ICP-MS was adopted to detect the 11B/10B ratio of Maotai-flavor liquor by Wang in the paper intitled "Comparative research on boron isotope ratio of Maotai-flavor liquor in Maotai region".The measured 11B/10B ratios were 0.871 3~1.061 0.Such abnormally low values are suspicious.In this paper,the method of ion exchange to extract boron and the isotopic measurement of boron based on Cs2BO+2 with graphite load by VG354 thermal ionization mass spectrometer was adopted.The measured 11B/10B ratios of aromatic-type liquor and flavor-type liquor in Maotai region are 4.018 4 and 4.043 7(δ11B =-7.9‰ and-1.6‰),respectively,which lie in the variation range of isotopic composition of boron in terrestrial substance and are credible,but very different from the abnormally low values reported by Wang.The analyses for the possible reasons causing the abnormal boron isotope ratio reported by Wang,show that the results reported by Wang are suspect. | A good deal is known by now on the so-called jellium model of the homogeneous electron liquid. However, much of the quantitative progress at experimentally realizable densities has come from quantal computer simulation. Therefore, we here consider a homogeneous Fermion liquid with ‘artificial’ repulsive interaction λ/(rij )2 between Fermions i and j at separation rij . We discuss first of all the way the static structure function S(q), essentially the Fourier transform of the pair correlation function, is changed because of non-zero λ from the ‘Fermi hole’ form due entirely to Pauli principle effects between parallel spin Fermions. Unlike jellium with e 2/rij repulsive interactions, S(q) is proportional to q at long wavelengths, whereas the plasmon in jellium annulls the q term and S(q) is quadratic in q as q tends to zero. However for λ/(rij )2 interactions, the coefficient of q appearing in the Fermi hole structure factor, is renormalized by particle repulsions. Then some discussion is given of Fermion ... | eng_Latn | 26,666 |
Are the narrow structures recently seen in T=1, B=2 missing mass spectra, dibaryons? | Abstract The structures observed in recent missing mass experiments 3 He(p, d)X and p( 3 He, d)X are discussed and shown to agree to a high accuracy with a rotational like scheme M = M 0 + M 1 J ( J +1). An explanation is suggested as to why these structures have not been observed in some other experiments. | Several studies for the LHC luminosity upgrade pointed out the need for low-beta quadrupoles with apertures larger than the present baseline (70 mm). In this paper we focus on the design issues of a 130 mm aperture quadrupole. We first consider the Nb-Ti option, presenting a magnetic design with the LHC dipole and quadrupole cables. We study the electromagnetic forces and we discuss the field quality constraints. For the Nb3Sn option, we sketch three designs, two based on the LARP 10 mm width cable, and one on a larger cable with the same strand. The issue of the stress induced by the e.m. forces, which is critical for the Nb3Sn, is discussed using both scaling laws and finite element models. | eng_Latn | 26,667 |
Charged pions tend to decay into muons and muon neutrinos , and neutral pions into gamma rays . | π + will usually decay into one muon , and one muon neutrino . | Crick also used the term `` central dogma '' to summarize an idea that implies that genetic information flow between macromolecules would be essentially one-way : DNA → RNA → Protein In his thinking about the processes linking DNA genes to proteins , Crick made clear the distinction between the materials involved , the energy required , and the information flow . | eng_Latn | 26,668 |
we know that electrons in superconductor are coupled somehow () creating quasi-particles called cooper pairs which are Bosons and going to ground state ( do not obey Pauli exclusion anymore) and that happen after this?.. how can be charge was cared without any dissipation? | I read in a book "Physics - Resnik and Halliday" the explanation of Type-I Superconductors {cold ones} that: The Electrons that make up current at super-cool temperatures move in coordinated pairs. One of the electrons in a pair may electrically distort the molecular structure of the superconducting material as it moves through, creating nearby short-lived regions of positive charge.the other electron in the the pair may be attracted to the positive spot. According to the theory the coordination would prevent them from colliding with the molecules of the material and thus would eliminate electrical resistance Is this the only explanation or can somebody give me a more intuitive explanation that also takes into the problem of defect scattering as in the case of resistance and also explains the Type-II superconductors {hot ones} P.S. What are "coordinated pairs"? | I'm trying to typeset SuperCollider code using the listings package. Any "freestanding" identifiers that begin with a capital letter are class names, and should be highlighted; by "freestanding", I mean outside of strings or comments. I would be tickled pink if listings could let you define identifiers in terms of regexp, e.g. [A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_]* but the manual doesn't suggests that as a possibility. SuperCollider has some 2300 classes... I really don't relish listing all of them literally in my preamble. I guess I could extract them by hand for each individual listing, but I'd rather not have to. Is there a way to do this without a really massive morekeywords expression? (Perhaps using another package?) Sample SuperCollider code: p.clear; ~grains.addSpec(\tfreq, [1, 40, \exp]); ~grains.addSpec(\overlap, [0.1, 10, \exp]); ~grains.addSpec(\pos, [0, b.duration]); // 3.43 is nice! ~grains.addSpec(\rate, [0.5, 2, \exp]); ~grains = { |tfreq = 25, overlap = 6, pan = 0, amp = 0.2, pos = 3.43, rate = 1| var trig = Impulse.ar(tfreq); TGrains.ar(2, trig, b, rate, pos, overlap / tfreq, pan, amp) }; ~grains.play; Impulse and TGrains should be highlighted in blue. I have dozens of other listings using different capitalized keywords. | eng_Latn | 26,669 |
Nuclear forces from EFT: Recent developments | Nuclear forces are considered based on chiral perturbation theory with and without explicit¢ -isobar degrees of freedom. We discuss the subleading corrections to chiral three-nucleon forces in the ¢ -less formal- ism which contain no additional free parameters. In the formalism with explicit¢ -isobar we present the com- plete next-to-next-to-leading order analysis of isospin-conserving and next-to-leading order analysis of isospin- violating nuclear forces. The perturbative expansion of nuclear forces in the ¢ -full case is shown to have much better convergence compared with the¢ -less theory where the¢ -resonance is integrated out and is encoded in certain low-energy constants. | In this note we examine the long-time behavior of state functions for a climate energy balance model (Budyko Model) in the strongest topologies of the phase and the extended phase spaces. Strongest convergence results for all weak solutions are obtained. New structure and regularity properties for global and trajectory attractors are justified. | eng_Latn | 26,670 |
Unique continuation for $\Delta+v$ and the C. Fefferman-Phong class | We show that the strong unique continuation property holds for the inequality |Δu|≤|v||u|, where the potential v(x) satisfies the C. Fefferman-Phong condition in a certain range of p values. We also deal with the situation of u(x) vanishing at infinity. These are all consequences of appropriate Carleman inequalities | Abstract A new parameterization for the three body D -function is presented. It is correct in both weak coupling and in the Efimov limit and agrees remarkably well with “exact” numerical calculations for a boson model and for the neutron-deuteron system. | eng_Latn | 26,671 |
Search for exotic resonances decaying into WZ/ZZ in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV | A search for new exotic particles decaying to the VZ final state is performed, where V is either a W or a Z boson decaying into two overlapping jets and the Z decays into a pair of electrons, muons or neutrinos. The analysis uses a data sample of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb−1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at s√=7 TeV in 2011. No significant excess is observed in the mass distribution of the VZ candidates compared with the background expectation from standard model processes. Model-dependent upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the product of the cross section times the branching fraction of hypothetical particles decaying to the VZ final state as a function of mass. Sequential standard model W′ bosons with masses between 700 and 940 GeV are excluded. In the Randall-Sundrum model for graviton resonances with a coupling parameter of 0.05, masses between 750 and 880 GeV are also excluded. | We derive a simplified representation for the pion mass to two loops in three-flavour chiral perturbation theory. For this purpose, we first determine the reduced expressions for the tensorial two-loop 2-point sunset integrals arising in chiral perturbation theory calculations. Making use of those relations, we obtain the expression for the pion mass in terms of the minimal set of master integrals. On the basis of known results for these, we arrive at an explicit analytic representation, up to the contribution from KKη intermediate states where a closed-form expression for the corresponding sunset integral is missing. However, the expansion of this function for a small pion mass leads to a simple representation which yields a very accurate approximation of this contribution. Finally, we also give a discussion of the numerical implications of our results. | eng_Latn | 26,672 |
Probing QCD at high energies: Dijets and forward jets in NL log s approximation | Abstract Within the framework of perturbative QCD I show that the high energy factorization formula for jets observables resumming to all orders the leading log(s) can be extended to next-to-leading log(s) approximation. In addition, I provide the last missing factor of such a formula, namely the NL correction to the jet-production vertex. This makes it possible to perform accurate analyses of high energy processes like dijets at hadron-hadron colliders as well as forward jets at lepton-hadron colliders in a framework that is now consistent with both DGLAP evolution and BFKL evolution, providing a quantitative tool for exploring QCD in the high energy regime. | Problems associated with the modelling and calculation of quasi-steady-state postfault regimes are considered for abrupt power unbalances. A program permitting calculation of quasi-steady-state postfault regimes with allowance for frequency dynamics and the investigation of their stability is described. Results of calculations based on this program are compared with experiments using an electrodynamic model. It is shown that allowance must be made for frequency dynamics in the analysis of postfault regimes. 9 refs. | eng_Latn | 26,673 |
ϕ meson production in d+Au collisions at | We present the preliminary results on meson production in the → K+K− and → e+e− decay channels measured at mid-rapidity in d + Au collisions at RHIC by the PHENIX experiment. The transverse mass spectra were obtained in both channels. The extracted yields are found to be consistent with each other. The results are compared to the measurements in Au+Au collisions at the same centre of mass energy. | The nucleon decay in the presence of a grand unification monopole is analyzed with reference to the channels with |ΔQ|=4. The dynamics requires the participation of the sea quark as well as the valence quark. | eng_Latn | 26,674 |
β-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stability of Semilinear Nonautonomous Impulsive System | In this paper, we study a system governed by impulsive semilinear nonautonomous differential equations. We present the β –Ulam stability, β –Hyers–Ulam stability and β –Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability for the said system on a compact interval and then extended it to an unbounded interval. We use Gronwall type inequality and evolution family as a basic tool for our results. We present an example to demonstrate the application of the main result. | In Ref. [1] we proposed a model for Heterotic $F$-theory duality with Wilson line symmetry-breaking and a $4+1$ split of the $F$-theory spectral divisor. One goal of this note is to call attention to the existence of right-handed neutrinos in our $F$-theory model. As pointed out in Section 4 of Ref. [2] such existence may be evidence for the $U\left(1\right)_{X}$-symmetry that remains after the Higgsing of $E_{8}$ via \[ E_{8}\Rightarrow SU\left(5\right)_{gauge}\oplus\left[SU\left(4\right)\oplus U\left(1\right)_{X}\right]_{Higgs} \] occasioned by the $4+1$ split of the spectral divisor. In addition, as a result of the $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-action that supports the Wilson line we argue that the $U\left(1\right)_{X}$-symmetry is, in fact, broken to $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-matter parity. Finally we identify co-dimension $3$ singularities which determine Yukawa couplings for the MSSM matter fields. | eng_Latn | 26,675 |
A primer independent form of potato tuber phosphorylase | Abstract Phosphorylase (EC 2. 4. 1. 1) from potato tuber occurs in two forms: one independent and the other dependent on the addition of primer for activity. These activities could be separated in several isoenzymes by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Only one of the separated isoenzymes had unprimed activity, which was found to be markedly stimulated by the presence of bovine seroalbumin. | We present a model for next-to-leading order resummed threshold form factors based on a timelike coupling recently introduced in the framework of small x physics. Improved expressions for the form factors in N-space are obtained which are not plagued by Landau-pole singularities, as the included absorptive effects - usually neglected - act as regulators. The physical reason is that, because of faster decay of gluon jets, there is not enough resolution time to observe the Landau pole. Our form factors reduce to the standard ones when the absorptive parts related to the coupling are neglected. The inverse transform from N-space to x-space can be done directly without any prescription and we obtain analytical expressions for the form factors, which are well defined in all x-space. | eng_Latn | 26,676 |
Macroscopic dynamics of highly excited nuclear states | The macroscopic description of the collective motion of a highly excited nucleus is found through statistical averaging over many microscopic states of the quantum system. The relation connecting the quantities characteristic of macroscopic models (the multipole orders of the spatial oscillations of the density, the frequencies of the natural oscillations) and the quantum quantities specified by the conditions of the quantum experiment (the angular momentum and the energy transferred to the nucleus) is investigated. | The dependence of the differential cross section ${\mathrm{d}\sigma}/{\mathrm{d}p_{\perp}}$ of inclusive heavy quark production in pp and $\bar{\mathrm{p}}$p collisions on the renormalization and factorization scales is investigated. The implications of our results for experiments at TEVATRON and LHC are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the NLO QCD predictions for $\bar{t}t$ production at the LHC based on the Principle of Minimal Sensitivity are by 30-50% higher than the standard ones. | eng_Latn | 26,677 |
QUARK EXCHANGE IN QUASI-ELASTIC ELECTRON NUCLEUS SCATTERING | Abstract In this paper the consequences of the Pauli principle applied at the quark level are investigated for nuclear structure functions in electron-nucleus scattering in the quasi-elastic scattering region. The effect of quark exchange contributions is studied for both inclusive and exclusive electron-nucleus scattering and is shown to give rise to nonnegligible corrections to the impulse approximation picture. Examples are given for light nuclei using gaussian wave functions. | In this article we are discussing the nature and mechanism of the huge ::: amount of heat generation in Megawatts Energy Catalyzers (E-cat) of Andrea ::: Rossi that are able to change the energetics of our civilization in general. ::: These processes are new effects of Unitary Quantum Theory and do not relate to ::: either chemical or nuclear reactions or phase transfer. | yue_Hant | 26,678 |
Do electromagnetic effects survive in the production of lepton pairs in nucleus-nucleus collisions ? | We discuss production of $J/\psi$ and $e^+ e^-$ pairs in semicentral and peripheral collisions of heavy ions at high energies. We focus on photoproduction mechanism. We present explanation of results of the ALICE collaboration for low transverse momentum production of $J/\psi$ as well as results obtained by the STAR collaboration for $e^+ e^-$ production, also at low transverse momenta. We conclude that such effects are important also in this new corner (semi-central processes) of the phase space. | Are philosophers of science limited to conducting autopsies on dead scientific theories, or might they also help resolve contemporary methodological disputes in science? This essay (1) gives an overview of thought experiments, especially in mathematics; (2) outlines three major positions on the current dose-response controversy for ionizing radiation; and (3) sketches an original mathematical thought experiment that might help resolve the low-dose radiation conflict. This thought experiment relies on the assumptions that radiation "hits'' are Poisson distributed and that background conditions cause many more radiation-induced cancers than human activities. The essay closes by responding to several key objections to the position defended here. | eng_Latn | 26,679 |
Remembering Polingaysi: A Queer Recovery of No Turning Back as a Decolonial Text | Riverside. Land of oranges. Land of perfume. Time of torture. Aft er more than half a century, Polingaysi still could not recall that interval without a surge of emotion, remembering the white nights fi lled with the cloying scent of the orange and lemon groves, remembering the stifl ed sobbing of the lonely child she had been. But there was another, happier, memory of that time. Each day the schoolchildren sang. Song was Polingaysi’s salvation. Polingaysi Qoyawayma, No Turning Back, 59– 60 | In Ref. [1] we proposed a model for Heterotic $F$-theory duality with Wilson line symmetry-breaking and a $4+1$ split of the $F$-theory spectral divisor. One goal of this note is to call attention to the existence of right-handed neutrinos in our $F$-theory model. As pointed out in Section 4 of Ref. [2] such existence may be evidence for the $U\left(1\right)_{X}$-symmetry that remains after the Higgsing of $E_{8}$ via \[ E_{8}\Rightarrow SU\left(5\right)_{gauge}\oplus\left[SU\left(4\right)\oplus U\left(1\right)_{X}\right]_{Higgs} \] occasioned by the $4+1$ split of the spectral divisor. In addition, as a result of the $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-action that supports the Wilson line we argue that the $U\left(1\right)_{X}$-symmetry is, in fact, broken to $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-matter parity. Finally we identify co-dimension $3$ singularities which determine Yukawa couplings for the MSSM matter fields. | kor_Hang | 26,680 |
Symmetry of Information and One-Way Functions | Symmetry of information (in Kolmogorov complexity) is a concept that comes out of formalizing the idea of how much information about a string y is contained in a string x. The situation is symmetric because it can be shown that the amount of information contained in the string y about the string x is almost exactly the same as that contained in x about y. | Measurements performed at the Tevatron of both the like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry inBd;s-meson samples and the mixing-induced CP asymmetry inBs! J= depart from their standard model (SM) predictions. This could be an indication for new CP phases in B = 2 transitions, preferentially in Bs{ Bs mixing. The experimental situation, however, remained inconclusive, as it favored values of the element s of the decay matrix in the Bs-meson system that are notably dierent | yue_Hant | 26,681 |
The discrete family symmetry as a possible solution to the flavour problem | In order to explain the fermions masses and mixing parameters appearing in the lepton sector of the Standard Model, one proposes the extension of its symmetry. A discrete, non-abelian subgroup of $U(3)$ is added to the gauge group $SU(3)_{C}\times SU(2)_{L}\times U(1)_{Y}$ . Apart from that, one assumes the existence of one extra Higgs doublet. This article focuses mainly on the mathematical theorems and computational techniques which brought us to the results. | This paper is concerned with the origin and existence of lopsided galaxies. A mechanism based on the distribution of dispersion velocities is suggested for the long-term maintenance of the lopsidedness. | eng_Latn | 26,682 |
Indirect leptoquark search limits at HERA | The effects of virtual leptoquarks on various polarized asymmetries, as well as the charge asymmetry, at HERA are studied. The authors present the areas of parameter space that can be excluded by HERA. Generally, HERA can place a mass limit on leptoquarks that is slightly higher than {radical}s for large leptoquark-quarkelectron couplings. | One of important consequences of Hagedorn statistical bootstrap model is the prediction of limiting temperature Tcrit for hadron systems colloquially known as Hagedorn temperature. According to Hagedorn, this effect should be observed in hadron spectra obtained in infinite equilibrated nuclear matter rather than in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We present results of microscopic model calculations for the infinite nuclear matter, simulated by a box with periodic boundary conditions. The limiting temperature indeed appears in the model calculations. Its origin is traced to strings and many-body decays of resonances. | eng_Latn | 26,683 |
The Partial Justice: Another Interpretation on 'Li Qiming Case' | The “Li Qiming case,” which caused by a traffic accident in Hebei University. The wrecker Li Qiming said “My father is Li Gang,” that deeply hurt the whole Chinese society’s nerve. Through the trial of the People's Court in Wangdu County, Hebei province, the decision of which made the consequence clearly. To be accompanied by the criminal law professional circle applauded for the judges’ decision, this comes across as a “fair judgment.” However, through examining the whole case, after comparing with related criminal law theory and giving the thought of its application, then a new interpretation viewpoint can be found, along with the Li Gang’s crying in CCTV, the rumors online of three-year sentence, suspended for three years, and the effects of self censorship. | In Ref. [1] we proposed a model for Heterotic $F$-theory duality with Wilson line symmetry-breaking and a $4+1$ split of the $F$-theory spectral divisor. One goal of this note is to call attention to the existence of right-handed neutrinos in our $F$-theory model. As pointed out in Section 4 of Ref. [2] such existence may be evidence for the $U\left(1\right)_{X}$-symmetry that remains after the Higgsing of $E_{8}$ via \[ E_{8}\Rightarrow SU\left(5\right)_{gauge}\oplus\left[SU\left(4\right)\oplus U\left(1\right)_{X}\right]_{Higgs} \] occasioned by the $4+1$ split of the spectral divisor. In addition, as a result of the $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-action that supports the Wilson line we argue that the $U\left(1\right)_{X}$-symmetry is, in fact, broken to $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-matter parity. Finally we identify co-dimension $3$ singularities which determine Yukawa couplings for the MSSM matter fields. | eng_Latn | 26,684 |
ИШЕМИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛИТ (клиническое наблюдение) | Ischemic bowel disease results from an acute or chronic decline of the blood supply to the bowel and may have various clinical presentations, such as intestinal angina, ischemic colitis (IC) or intestinal infarction. Elderly patients with systemic atherosclerosis who are symptomatic for the disease, congestive heart failure and recent aortic or cardiopulmonary bypass surgery are particularly at risk. The clinical evolution and outcome of this disease are difficult to predict because of its polymorphic aspects and the general lack of statistical data. In this paper, we present two cases of patients who were monitored in our clinic. For these patients, we encountered with pivotal changes in the clinical pattern. These evolutions is particularly rare in common clinical practice, and cases are exemplary because it raises discussions about the nature of the condition and therapeutic decisions that should be made at every stage of the disease. | Inspired by the newly observed two charged bottomonium-like states, we consider the possible contribution from the intermediate $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ states to the $\Upsilon(5S)\to \Upsilon(2S)\pi^+\pi^-$ decay process, which naturally explains Belle's previous observation of the anomalous $\Upsilon(2S)\pi^+\pi^-$ production near the peak of $\Upsilon(5S)$ at $\sqrt s=10.87$ GeV [K.F. Chen {\it et al}. (Belle Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 100}, 112001 (2008)]. The resulting $d\Gamma(\Upsilon(5S)\to \Upsilon(2S)\pi^+\pi^-)/dm_{\pi^+\pi^-}$ and $d\Gamma(\Upsilon(5S)\to \Upsilon(2S)\pi^+\pi^-)/d\cos\theta$ distributions agree with Belle's measurement after inclusion of these $Z_b$ states. This formalism also reproduces the Belle observation of the double-peak structure and its reflection in $\Upsilon(2S)\pi^+$ invariant mass spectrum of $\Upsilon(5S)\to \Upsilon(2S)\pi^+\pi^-$ decay. | rus_Cyrl | 26,685 |
Nucleon structure with domain wall fermions | We report the status of RBCK calculations on nucleon structure with quenched and dynamical domain wall fermions. The quenched results for the moments of structure functions 〈 x 〉 q , 〈 x 〉 Δ u − Δ d , and 〈 1 〉 δ q from 1.3 GeV cutoff lattices are complete with non perturbative renormalization (NPR). The dynamical results with two degenerate dynamical quark flavors from 1.7 GeV cutoff lattices are without NPR while the axial charge result is naturally renormalized. | Abstract We discuss recent results of E.B. Norman et al. [Phys. Lett. B 519 (2001) 15] in relation to our earlier work [A. Ray et al., Phys. Lett. B 455 (1999) 69] and point out that the apparent disagreement between the two sets of experimental results is most likely due to the choice of different reference samples with which the comparisons have been done. In addition, the irradiation by heavy ion beam might also damage the lattice structure of the medium and such effect was not included in our calculations. We think that our earlier conclusion regarding the downward revision of predicted 8B solar neutrino flux by ≈2% should stand. | eng_Latn | 26,686 |
Gravitational atoms: gravitational radiation from excited boson stars | Boson stars are gravitationally bound states of complex scalar fields. In general, as a solution of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system, the scalar field can be expanded as a sum over modes given by the product of radial functions and spherical harmonics. We show that if the configuration is not in its ground state, the excited modes will decay to the ground state through emission of scalar and gravitational radiation. Using a Newtonian approximation, we obtain the power radiated in gravitational waves and the frequency of the gravitons emitted in the decay, in the case where most of the star is already in its ground state. The process is similar to the spontaneous emission of a photon in atoms, hence the name gravitational atoms.'' | In this paper we investigate the role of the high density effects in the heavy quark production cross section in $pA$ processes at RHIC and LHC. We use, as initial condition, a gluon distribution consistent with fixed target nuclear data and the Glauber-Mueller approach to describe the high density effects. We show that this process can be used as a probe of the presence of the high density effects. Moreover, we include these effects in the calculation of the heavy quark production in $AA$ collisions, verifying that they cannot be disregarded both in the estimates of quarkonium suppression and in the initial conditions of the quark-gluon plasma. | eng_Latn | 26,687 |
Quasiisometries between negatively curved Hadamard manifolds | Let X, Y be the universal covers of two compact Riemannian manifolds (with dimension not equal to 4) with negative sectional curvature. Then every quasiisometry between them lies at a finite distance from a bilipschitz homeomorphism. | Lattice QCD can give direct information on OZI-violating contributions to mesons. Here we explore the contributions that split flavour singlet and non-singlet meson masses. I discuss in detail the spectrum and decays for scalar mesons (ie including glueball effects). I also review the status of hybrid mesons and their decays. | eng_Latn | 26,688 |
Collective coordinates and BRST symmetry. | The quantization of a particle which moves in the neighborhood of a Newtonian path is investigated as a model with typical characteristics of a field theory with classical finite energy configurations. The transformation to collective and fluctuation coordinates results in a singular Lagrangian. It is shown that the associated first class constraints generate a gauge group under which the first-order Lagrangian is invariant. It is then shown that in the BRST extension also the Hamiltonian is invariant and allows the complete quantization of the theory. Finally various gauge-fixing conditions are discussed as well as the integration of the path integral and the derivation of Schwinger-Dyson equations. | Measurements performed at the Tevatron of both the like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry inBd;s-meson samples and the mixing-induced CP asymmetry inBs! J= depart from their standard model (SM) predictions. This could be an indication for new CP phases in B = 2 transitions, preferentially in Bs{ Bs mixing. The experimental situation, however, remained inconclusive, as it favored values of the element s of the decay matrix in the Bs-meson system that are notably dierent | eng_Latn | 26,689 |
Design of Chaotic Signal Source based on Fixed-point DSP and AIC23 | Aimed at the high request of precision and dynamic range calculate the chaos equation,the design of chaotic signal source by float calculation on fixed-point DSP TMS320VC5402 and two chaotic signal outputs through interface chip AIC23 synchronously is proposed in this paper.The design of hardware and software is provided,and the experiment is also given by assembler. | The ratio of the axial to vector neutron decay constants is determined via QCD sum rules. The advantageous use of the arbitrariness in the definition of the nucleon operator leads to a result which is unambiguous. The only input parameter is the value of the chiral symmetry breaking vacuum quark condensate.\(\langle \bar \Psi \Psi \rangle ^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 3}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 3}} = - 250 MeV\) the output isgA/gV=1.22. | eng_Latn | 26,690 |
Particle accelerators and the fundamental constants | As an instructive exercise in elementary quantum physics, we explore the relationship between the sizes of circular particle accelerators and the fundamental constants of nature. | Abstract We present a convenient analytical parametrization, in both configuration and momentum spaces, of the deuteron wave-function calculated with the Paris potential. | eng_Latn | 26,691 |
Free Energy of Nonideal Atomic Plasma | An expression is derived for the free energy of nonideal atomic plasma, which corresponds to exact asymptotic expansions. The analytical dependence of correction for the interaction of free charges on the partition function of atom is found. It is demonstrated that the consistent inclusion of the contribution by excited atomic states to the thermodynamic functions of nonideal atomic plasma brings about a significant modification of the conventionally employed equation of state and equation of ionization equilibrium. | We discuss some recent phenomenological models for strong interactions based on the idea of gauge/string duality. A very good estimate for hadronic masses can be found by placing an infrared cut off in AdS space. Considering static strings in this geometry one can also reproduce the phenomenological Cornell potential for a quark anti-quark potential at zero temperature. Placing static strings in an AdS Schwarzschild space with an infrared cut off one finds a transition from a confining to a deconfining phase at some critical horizon radius (associated with temperature). | eng_Latn | 26,692 |
Two-Dimensional Lattice Fermions with Random Gap | We calculate the localization lengths for lattice fermions with random gap in two dimensions. This is done by means of the transfer matrix approach. Numerical results are analyzed for finite-size scaling and they exhibit a metal-insulator and a insulator-insulator transition. At these transitions we calculate the critical exponent of the localization length. | We discuss some recent phenomenological models for strong interactions based on the idea of gauge/string duality. A very good estimate for hadronic masses can be found by placing an infrared cut off in AdS space. Considering static strings in this geometry one can also reproduce the phenomenological Cornell potential for a quark anti-quark potential at zero temperature. Placing static strings in an AdS Schwarzschild space with an infrared cut off one finds a transition from a confining to a deconfining phase at some critical horizon radius (associated with temperature). | eng_Latn | 26,693 |
Complete O(α) QED corrections to the process ep → eX in mixed variables | The complete set of ${\cal O}(\alpha)$ QED corrections with soft photon exponentiation to the process $ep \rightarrow eX$ in mixed variables ($y=y_h,Q^2=Q_l^2$) is calculated in the quark parton model, including the lepton-quark interference and the quarkonic corrections which were unknown so far. The interference corrections amount to few percent or less and become negligible at small $x$. The leading logarithmic terms proportional to $\ln(Q^2/m_q^2)$ from radiation off quarks are discussed and the non-logarithmic quarkonic corrections found to be negligible for almost all experimentally accessible $x$ and $y$. | We analyze the effects of energy and commodity prices on commodity output using a three-factor, two-good general equilibrium trade model with three factors: capital, labor, and imported energy. We derive a sufficient condition for each sign pattern of each relationship to hold, which no other studies have derived. We assume factor-intensity ranking is constant and use the EWS (economy-wide substitution)-ratio vector and the Hadamard product in the analysis. The results reveal that the position of the EWS-ratio vector determines the relationships. Specifically, the strengthening (resp. reduction) of import restrictions can increase (resp. decrease) the commodity output of exportables, if capital and labor, domestic factors, are economy-wide complements. This seems paradoxical. | eng_Latn | 26,694 |
Color screening in 2+1 flavor QCD and at weak coupling | We study spatial correlation functions of static quark-antiquark pairs in QCD with 2+1 flavors in order to better understand color screening at high temperatures. ::: We performed lattice simulations in a wide temperature window $115\,{\rm MeV}\lesssim T\lesssim 5.8\,{\rm GeV}$ using the using the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action, the tree-level improved Symanzik gauge action and several lattice spacings to control discretization effects. ::: By comparing our lattice results to analytic calculations at weak coupling as well as to the zero temperature result on the static energy we demonstrate that color screening sets in at distances $rT \simeq 0.25$. ::: We also conclude that in the distance regime $0.25<r T< 0.6$ the weak-coupling approach provides an adequate description of color screening. | We introduce in this paper a carrier phase detector suited to transmissions at very low signal to noise ratio. Based on the soft decoding of parity check equations, the synchronization scheme proposed here for a QPSK modulation outperforms a classical decision directed algorithm over a Gaussian channel, and is notably well adapted to satellite applications. | eng_Latn | 26,695 |
Stabilization of a chaotic laser and quenching | We experimentally stabilize a chaotic output of a diode-laser-pumped Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser by using oscillation quenching. When the chaotic laser is mutually coupled with a Rossler oscillator that is implemented by an electronic circuit, both chaotic systems are stabilized to steady states. We experimentally study the route to the steady states as the coupling strength increases, and numerically confirm the route by coupling Lorenz and Rossler oscillators mutually. | We study spatial correlation functions of static quark-antiquark pairs in QCD with 2+1 flavors in order to better understand color screening at high temperatures. ::: We performed lattice simulations in a wide temperature window $115\,{\rm MeV}\lesssim T\lesssim 5.8\,{\rm GeV}$ using the using the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action, the tree-level improved Symanzik gauge action and several lattice spacings to control discretization effects. ::: By comparing our lattice results to analytic calculations at weak coupling as well as to the zero temperature result on the static energy we demonstrate that color screening sets in at distances $rT \simeq 0.25$. ::: We also conclude that in the distance regime $0.25<r T< 0.6$ the weak-coupling approach provides an adequate description of color screening. | eng_Latn | 26,696 |
Deformation of orthotropic cylindrical shells with discontinuity in thickness subjected to axisymmetric loading | Abstract Orthotropic cylindrical shells with discontinuity in the thickness and subjected to axisymmetric loading have been analysed. A higher order finite element based on the thick shell theory is used for the analysis. The material used is a glass/epoxy composite with 0° and 90° fibre orientation with respect to the axial direction of the cylinder. The loadings considered are uniform internal pressure and circular ring load at the mid-section. Numerical results are presented for various end conditions and step-ratios in the thickness. The weight of the shell is kept constant for various step-ratios. It has been shown that 90° fibre orientation gives less deformation and stress for axisymmetric loading than 0° fibre orientation. The variation in the thickness reduces the maximum stresses for some cases of loading and end conditions presented in this paper. | We calculate the threshold T-matrices of kaon-nucleon and antikaon-nucleon scattering to one loop order in SU(3) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. To that order the complex-valued isospin-1 $\bar KN$ threshold T-matrix can be successfully predicted from the isospin-0 and 1 $KN$ threshold T-matrices. As expected perturbation theory fails to explain the isospin-0 $\bar KN$ threshold T-matrix which is completely dominated by the nearby subthreshold $\Lambda^*(1405)$-resonance. Cancelations of large terms of second and third chiral order are observed as they seem to be typical for SU(3) baryon chiral perturbation theory calculations. We also give the kaon and eta loop corrections to the $\pi N$ scattering lengths and we investigate $\pi\Lambda$ scattering to one-loop order. The second order s-wave low-energy constants are all of natural size and do not exceed 1 GeV$^{-1}$ in magnitude. | eng_Latn | 26,697 |
Weak interaction of colored hadrons | A general expression is constructed for the weak hadronic current in the colored-quark model with SU (3) x SU (3) ' symmetry. It is shown that there exist several different solutions for which it is possible to suppress neutral currents with changing strangeness. An additional peculiarity of the model is the presence of ..delta..Q=2 transitions which also result in diagonal neutral currents. | Abstract In low energy meson baryon scattering a specific partial wave amplitude in the direct channel will contain contributions from the exchange of resonances in all partial waves in the crossed channel. These contributions, first considered by Carruthers for pion-nucleon scattering, are evaluated in the limit where the baryon kinetic energy is small compared to its mass, and expressed succinctly in terms of a 9 j symbol. Consequences for bootstrap theory are noted. | eng_Latn | 26,698 |
Large-pT Inclusive π 0 Cross Sections and Next-to-Leading-Order QCD Predictions | We review the phenomenology of \(\pi^0\) production at large transverse momentum in proton-induced collisions. Uncertainties in the next-to-leading-order predictions of Quantum Chromodynamics are discussed. The comparison with data reveals that the disagreement between theory and experiment lies essentially in an overall normalization factor. The situation for \(\pi^0\) production is contrasted with that of prompt-photon production in hadronic collisions. | We discuss some recent phenomenological models for strong interactions based on the idea of gauge/string duality. A very good estimate for hadronic masses can be found by placing an infrared cut off in AdS space. Considering static strings in this geometry one can also reproduce the phenomenological Cornell potential for a quark anti-quark potential at zero temperature. Placing static strings in an AdS Schwarzschild space with an infrared cut off one finds a transition from a confining to a deconfining phase at some critical horizon radius (associated with temperature). | kor_Hang | 26,699 |
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