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Where does krebs cycle occur in mitochondria?
Where in the mitochondria do the reactants of the krebs cycle occur?
Where in the mitochondria do the reactants of the krebs cycle occur?
eng_Latn
29,600
Is the way cells make energy?
What is the compound called that is used to make energy-rich?
Which is not a part of the cell theory?
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29,601
Energy compound is produced by the mitochondria?
What is the energy produced by the mitochondria that uses a type of high energy molecule called?
Why is mars never visible like Venus?
eng_Latn
29,602
Which liberates the most energy is the form of atp?
Which mechanism yields the most energy in the form of ATP?
What are types of transport that require no activation energy?
eng_Latn
29,603
What occurs when NADP becomes NADPH?
How odes nadp become nadph?
How odes nadp become nadph?
eng_Latn
29,604
What produces the most ATP when glucoseis completely oxidized?
Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?
Why are oxidation reactions assoicated with ATP?
eng_Latn
29,605
In krebs cycle for every molecule of glucose what is produced?
How many turns does it take in the krebs cycle to produce a molecule of glucose?
How many turns does it take in the krebs cycle to produce a molecule of glucose?
eng_Latn
29,606
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are move convenient for the cell to use?
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food onto compounds for the cell to use?
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient to the cell?
eng_Latn
29,607
How do the chloroplast store there energy?
How do chloroplasts store energy for ATP?
How do chloroplasts store energy for ATP?
eng_Latn
29,608
At what phase is a cell metabolically active?
What phase do a cell carries out its usual activities?
What are types of transport that require no activation energy?
eng_Latn
29,609
Most of ATP's energy is produced by what?
What organelle produces ATP for the cell?
What happens to the energy produced by photosynthesis?
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29,610
What is ATP and how is it used by the cell?
Why does atp function well in cell?
Why does atp function well in cell?
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29,611
When atp is broken down into adp energy is?
Is energy given off when ATP breaks into ADP and a phosphate group?
Does adp form when atp release energy?
eng_Latn
29,612
What does the cyclic pathway of ATP formation fuction mainly do?
The photosynthetic pathway of atp formation functions mainly to split what?
Which biochemical is nost abundant in your atmosphere?
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29,613
How is the phosphorus cycle like the nitogen cycle?
How is the phosphorus cyle like the nitrogen cycle?
Why does the phosphorus cucle occur more slowly than both the carbon and nitrogen cyce?
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29,614
What does mean nadp?
What is NADP converted into?
What is is the role of nadp?
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29,615
Which of the following requires adenosine triphosphate?
What is the adenosine triphosphate structure?
What is the adenosine triphosphate structure?
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29,616
What process produces ATP molecules?
Which process does organism use to produce most of its atp molecules?
Which process does organism use to produce most of its atp molecules?
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29,617
What is the energy carrier produced during glycosis?
During the light dependent reaction what are the energy carrieirs?
What are types of transport that require no activation energy?
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29,618
Produces ATP energy for the cell?
What do cells have to do to produce the most atp possible?
What do cells have to do to produce the most atp possible?
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29,619
What is released when pyruvate in the krebs cycle?
What is the in product of glycolosis to enter the krebs cycle?
What happen to sparten 117 at the end of Halo 3?
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29,620
Which carbohydrate is broken down in the mitochondrion to provide stored ATP energy for use by the cell?
What carbohydrates provide energy for cows?
Where is the bond broken between in the ATP?
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29,621
Energy stored in ATP may be released upon hydrolysis of the anhydride bonds .
Energy is stored in its chemical bonds .
However , Joey Belladonna once again returned to Anthrax in 2010 on a permanent basis .
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29,622
How does the hydrolysis of ATP provide energy?
How does ATP provide energy to drive reactions? How is ATP hydrolysis thermodynamically favourable?
Why don't we have cars that run on water?
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29,623
How does ATP provide energy to drive reactions? How is ATP hydrolysis thermodynamically favourable?
How does ATP give energy to a reaction?
2013 Israel Elections: What is Yair Lapid's Yesh Atid plan for changing the Israeli parliamentary system?
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29,624
Out of all of the nucleoside triphosphates what makes ATP the most used? Is it its structure? The amount of energy it contains? Why is GTP not used as much? What is the deal with the other nucleoside triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, dTTP, dCTP, UTP, CTP)? Are there any artificial NTPs that can substitute for ATP? (like something that could cure Cyanide poisoning or a disease/illness that somehow de-functionalizes the Electron Transport Chain)
Why is ATP the most prevalent form of chemical energy storage and utilization in most cells?
How can I downgrade a package to an older version via apt-get? Other tools are also acceptable but apt-get is preferred.
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29,625
How is energy acquired from ATP? How is energy acquired from ATP (i.e. What is the energy-releasing equation involving ATP plus water)? I Would be grateful for the answer.
How, on a physical level, does ATP confer energy? When ATP is used as the energy currency to make, say, reaction X + Y → Z happen, is what happens on a physical level down at the molecular scale that during the reaction ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi       ΔG˚ = −30.5 kJ/mol (−7.3 kcal/mol) that 30.5 kJ/ mol is conferred by ATP molecules physically bumping around the reactants X and Y, the kinetic energy of the above reaction being what does it? I mean, is the energy coin of ATP conferred to reactions by molecular collisions, or is it an electric field effect in the spatial geometry the way the ATP molecule tends to break apart?
What is the angle at which water is splashed when a vehicle tyre rides in water on the road? I would like to know the following: What is the angle at which water gets splashed when I ride my vehicle through a water on the road? How does angle of water varies with speed? What is the relation between the distance the water goes with the speed of the vehicle? Thanks!
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why Glyoxilate cycle doesn't operate in vertebrates?
The glyoxylate cycle is a metabolic pathway occurring in plants and several microorganisms.\n\nThe glyoxylate cycle allows these organisms to use fats for the synthesis of carbohydrates, a task which vertebrates, including humans, cannot perform.\n\nWhen fatty acids are consumed by vertebrates they are degraded to many copies of a small 2-carbon compound: acetate. Acetate binds to coenzyme A and enters the citric acid cycle, where it is fully oxidized to carbon dioxide, which is released into the environment. This pathway allows the cell to obtain energy from fat.\n\nPyruvate is the initial compound in gluconeogenesis. It is converted to oxaloacetate, which is in turn converted to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Seven further reactions bring about the production of glucose. Oxaloacetate is also the initial and at the same time end product of the citric acid cycle. Since acetate groups can enter the citric acid cycle and eventually be converted to oxaloacetate (which can continue to produce glucose in gluconeogenesis), it may seem that the production of glucose from fatty acids is possible.\n\nHowever, this does not happen in vertebrates. Acetate groups which enter the citric acid cycle are, as mentioned above, fully oxidized to form carbon dioxide. The acetate is therefore lost and cannot be converted to oxaloacetate, and later on to glucose.\n\nIn plants the glyoxylate cycle occurs in special peroxisomes which are called glyoxysomes. Vertebrates cannot perform the cycle because they lack its two key enzymes: isocitrate lyase and malate synthase.
OMG please don't yell at a Venus fly trap. They would snap back.
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What is glycolysis, where does it take place, what are the chemicals used to make it happen, etc.?
glycolysis is the process by which the glucose made in photosynthesis is broken down.\n\nIt takes place in the cells cytoplasm.\n\nUses glucose(sugar) and oxygen\n\nMakes carbon dioxide and water
People babble a lot on this page! If you don't know the answer properly, please don't answer!!!\n\nGo to the link below, it will tell you all about Global Warming and comes from a legitimate source.
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29,628
Where precisely in a cell does substrate level phosphorylation occurs?
In the cytosol/cytoplasm. This occurs in glycolysis
hellow friend !\n **** nobody seems to be interested in this forum to reply you because most of the participants are busy here in replying the questions related to love, sex, dating etc.\nreally, i don't know more about your question, otherwise i would definitely repllied you.\nhowever, you can search it on www.google.com or any other search engine websites.
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What happends if the Electron Transport Chain and chemiosmosis are uncoupled?
how would they be uncoupled? \n\nUnless you are trying to say that one of them isn't functioning. Perhaps ATPase is inhibited or something.\n \nif so, then the most immediate would be a build up of the proton concentration in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Physiological impact of that... i'm not too sure.\ni suppose NAD and FAD will be recycled initially cos ETC is still functioning, but obviously ADP is not being phosphorylated to form ATP. Deficiency of ATP = detrimental effects.\n\nif the ETC is disrupted (cytochrome inhibition by cyanide?), perhaps anaerobic respiration will kick in for a while? considering tt the aerobic route is faulty, there will be an increased dependency on glycolysis and the pyruvate/lactate route. but a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule isn't very beneficial.
It is a very tough question you asked my dear friend and for this reason i think no one gave any answer yet. So i suggest you to put your question in google or yahoo search engine and you will get many links for your answer. Try the followings :\n\nhttp://www.google.co.uk/ \n\nhttp://search.yahoo.com/
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Where in a cell do most chemical reactions take place?
That really depends on what kind of chemical reactions you are talking about. If you want to know where metabolism takes place (breaking down sugars into energy), that would be in the mitochondria. Synthesis of proteins occurs on the ribosomes. Degradation of proteins occurs in the lysosomes. Synthesis of DNA and RNA occurs in the nucleus. Each part of the cell is involved in very important chemical reactions.
Google it.\nDon't ask us to do your basic research.\nAnd ditto that if you're writing an essay, you should know this. If you have a text book, read it.
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moral hazard, adverse selection, asymmetric information, third party payer and cream skimming how important ar
They are important in insurance underwriting.
how would they be uncoupled? \n\nUnless you are trying to say that one of them isn't functioning. Perhaps ATPase is inhibited or something.\n \nif so, then the most immediate would be a build up of the proton concentration in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Physiological impact of that... i'm not too sure.\ni suppose NAD and FAD will be recycled initially cos ETC is still functioning, but obviously ADP is not being phosphorylated to form ATP. Deficiency of ATP = detrimental effects.\n\nif the ETC is disrupted (cytochrome inhibition by cyanide?), perhaps anaerobic respiration will kick in for a while? considering tt the aerobic route is faulty, there will be an increased dependency on glycolysis and the pyruvate/lactate route. but a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule isn't very beneficial.
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29,632
The last song of Coldplay's X&Y CD does not tell the name on the back or inside cover. What is it called?
"Till Kingdom Come" is the name of the song.
The glyoxylate cycle is a metabolic pathway occurring in plants and several microorganisms.\n\nThe glyoxylate cycle allows these organisms to use fats for the synthesis of carbohydrates, a task which vertebrates, including humans, cannot perform.\n\nWhen fatty acids are consumed by vertebrates they are degraded to many copies of a small 2-carbon compound: acetate. Acetate binds to coenzyme A and enters the citric acid cycle, where it is fully oxidized to carbon dioxide, which is released into the environment. This pathway allows the cell to obtain energy from fat.\n\nPyruvate is the initial compound in gluconeogenesis. It is converted to oxaloacetate, which is in turn converted to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Seven further reactions bring about the production of glucose. Oxaloacetate is also the initial and at the same time end product of the citric acid cycle. Since acetate groups can enter the citric acid cycle and eventually be converted to oxaloacetate (which can continue to produce glucose in gluconeogenesis), it may seem that the production of glucose from fatty acids is possible.\n\nHowever, this does not happen in vertebrates. Acetate groups which enter the citric acid cycle are, as mentioned above, fully oxidized to form carbon dioxide. The acetate is therefore lost and cannot be converted to oxaloacetate, and later on to glucose.\n\nIn plants the glyoxylate cycle occurs in special peroxisomes which are called glyoxysomes. Vertebrates cannot perform the cycle because they lack its two key enzymes: isocitrate lyase and malate synthase.
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29,633
how many atp's are released during krebs cycle?
for glycolysis ; 2 ATP\n\n34 ATP\nKreb's cylce : 2ATP + 8NADH + H+ +4CO2 +2FADH + H+\n \n1 NAD = 3 ATP\n1 FAD = 2ATP\n\nTOTAL 38 ATP
This is a networking problem - look up 'Linear Bus', 'Star' or 'Hub', 'Token Ring' and 'Fully Connected Mesh'.\n\nYou need 21 for a fully connected topology, but you could do it with far less.
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29,634
How can axon limit how fast a second stimulus right after thefiringofanactionpotentialfromstartinganother ac p
Well i haven't seem the whole question, but I think u mean how the axon limits the rate of firing of action potentials. Remember that the neurones need to repolraise after n action potential has been generated. This is as the ions diffuse in and out f the axon, restoring the resting potential.
how would they be uncoupled? \n\nUnless you are trying to say that one of them isn't functioning. Perhaps ATPase is inhibited or something.\n \nif so, then the most immediate would be a build up of the proton concentration in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Physiological impact of that... i'm not too sure.\ni suppose NAD and FAD will be recycled initially cos ETC is still functioning, but obviously ADP is not being phosphorylated to form ATP. Deficiency of ATP = detrimental effects.\n\nif the ETC is disrupted (cytochrome inhibition by cyanide?), perhaps anaerobic respiration will kick in for a while? considering tt the aerobic route is faulty, there will be an increased dependency on glycolysis and the pyruvate/lactate route. but a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule isn't very beneficial.
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29,635
How does ATP provide energy to drive reactions? How is ATP hydrolysis thermodynamically favourable?
How does ATP give energy to a reaction?
How do ADP and ATP cycles differ?
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29,636
In glycolysis, why is ATP used?
In glycolysis, how is ATP used?
How does ATP provide energy to drive reactions? How is ATP hydrolysis thermodynamically favourable?
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29,637
how do atp release energy
After a simple reaction breaking down ATP to ADP, the energy released from the breaking of a molecular bond is the energy we use to keep ourselves alive. When the phosphate group is removed. After a simple reaction breaking down ATP to ADP, the energy released from the breaking of a molecular bond is the energy we use to keep ourselves alive.
discuss how cells store energy and release energy using ATP. catabolic pathways release energy by breaking large molecules and making them small molecules. anabolic pathways build small molecules into large molecules. ATP releases energy when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups are broken. it is formed by ADP.
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29,638
what is nadph
In plants [edit]. In photosynthetic organisms, NADPH is produced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis.It is used as reducing power for the biosynthetic reactions in the Calvin cycle to assimilate carbon dioxide.n plants [edit]. In photosynthetic organisms, NADPH is produced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
NADPH. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced). NARES ... NADPH Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. NaF Sodium Fluoride. Naegleria A genus of amoeba s much used to study the genetics of undulipodium development; Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of amoebic meningoencephalitis.ADPH provides the reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions and for oxidation-reduction involved in protection against the toxicity of ROS (re active oxygen species). NADPH is also used for anabolic pathways, such as fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid chain elongation.
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29,639
Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate
Which hydroxyl from either the phosphate or the glycerol is taken during synthesis of a phospholipid head?
How to select multiple files with keyboard only in windows explorer
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29,640
which proteins function as electron carriers in respiration
Electron carriers are reduced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to NADH + H+ and FADH2. These carriers then donate electrons and protons to the electron carrier proteins of the electron transport chain. The final electron acceptor is oxygen.Together with oxygen, electrons and protons form molecules of water.our protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane form the electron transport chain. These complexes exist in a descending order of energy. Here the electron carriers come along to drop off all their electron and proton cargo that they picked up during the glycolysis and citric acid cycle stages.
An organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized (losing electrons) to NAD+ and reduced (gaining electrons) to NADH.   . A sequence of enzymes that act as electron carrier molecules that transfer electrons and release energy during cellular respiration to produce ATP from ADP.
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atp synthase definition biology
ATP synthase dalton s) embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Its function is to convert the energy of protons (H+) moving down their concentration gradient into the synthesis of ATP.TP synthase. Multimeric protein complex bound to inner mitochondrial membrane s, thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, and the bacteria l plasma membrane that catalyzes synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis; also called F0F1 complex. (Figure 16-28) ...
ATP Synthase is composed of the F1 and F0 units – F1 consists of 5 polypeptides names a, b, g, d , and e in the formation a b gde 3 3 – F0 has 3 hydrophobic subunits, a,b,and c in the formation This preview has intentionally blurred sections.
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29,642
why does glycolysis occur in the cytosol
The cell's cytoplasm is a non-membraned bound organelle. It covers a large area and all the cell's membrane bound organelles are suspended in it. Glycolysis does not require oxygen or any membrane bound cellular organelle for it to run to completion.It requires enzymes and ATP; so where ever glucose is in the cytoplasm the process can begin.t covers a large area and all the cell's membrane bound organelles are suspended in it. Glycolysis does not require oxygen or any membrane bound cellular organelle for it to run to completion.
The answer is A. Cytosol. In eukaryotes and prokaryotes, glycolysis takes place within the cytosol of the cell. In plant cells some of the glycolytic reactions are also found in the Calvin cycle which functions inside the chloroplasts.. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. Here is some more information on the other answer options:
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what is phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine is a substance that, in its chemical partnership with adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is fundamental to the ability of the body to produce muscular energy.hen phosphocreatine in the muscle breaks down, it is not reprocessed into a working form. Phosphocreatine metabolizes into a substance known as creatinine, which is excreted through the kidneys and passed as urine.
(PCr=phosphocreatine or creatine phosphate); PCr's role in energy production is to regenerate ATP to maintain a relatively constant supply under resting conditions, and recycle ATP during exercise until it's used up.
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function of hydrogen ion gradient
This process, in which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is used to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP, is called chemiosmosis. We have previously used the word osmosis in discussing water transport, but here it refers to the flow of H+ across a membrane.
The energy used in the electron transport change pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inner matrix to the intermembrane space, producing a strong hydrogen concentration gradient.
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what does mitochondria do cells alive
Mitochondrion structure. Mitochondria are the energy factories of the cells. The energy currency for the work that animals must do is the energy-rich molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP).The ATP is produced in the mitochondria using energy stored in food.Just as the chloroplasts in plants act as sugar factories for the supply of ordered molecules to the plant, the mitochondria in animals and plants act to produce the ordered ATP molecules as the energy supply for the processes of life.o the cell will have a lot of structures that are capable of producing a high amount of available energy. This ATP production by the mitochondria is done by the process of respiration, which in essence is the use of oxygen in a process which generates energy.
Mitochondria are the organelles that function as the cell powerhouse, generating ATP, the universal form of energy used by all cells. It converts food nutrients such as glucose, to a fuel (ATP) that the cells of the body can use.Mitochondria are tiny sac-like structures found near the nucleus.lthough there are specialized cells-both in structure and function-within the body, all cells have similarities in their structural organization and metabolic needs (such as maintaining energy levels via conversion of carbohydrate to ATP and using genes to create and maintain proteins).
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where does stroma occur
The water compartment inside the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen. The water area outside of the thylakoid, but still within the chloroplast, is the stroma. Photosynthesis occurs in two sets of reactions that are linked by electron carrier molecules (NADP+/NADPH) and ADP/ATP. The two reactions go by several names. I'll be sticking to light reactions and Calvin cycle.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, specifically, in the grana and stroma regions. The grana is the innermost portion of the organelle; a collection of disc-shaped membranes, stacked into columns like plates. The individual discs are called thylakoids. It is here that the transfer of electrons takes place.
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where does the nadph created during the light reactions accumulate
NADPH or NADP plus stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. NADPH is created in the Stoma on the duration of light reactions accumulation. NADPH or NADP plus stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. NADPH is created in the Stoma on the duration of light reactions accumulation.
Light reactions occur within the thylakoid membranes and covert light energy into chemical energy while producing O2 (oxygen gas) as a waste product. This processes uses sunlight to from ATP from ADP and phosphate, transfers electrons from water to NADP+ to form NADPH, and is produced as a number of redox reactions.
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is atp a protein
This protein is part of the P-type ATPase family, a group of proteins that transport metals into and out of cells by using energy stored in the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Copper-transporting ATPase 2 is found primarily in the liver, with smaller amounts in the kidneys and brain.his protein is part of the P-type ATPase family, a group of proteins that transport metals into and out of cells by using energy stored in the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Copper-transporting ATPase 2 is found primarily in the liver, with smaller amounts in the kidneys and brain.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that consists of an adenosine and a ribose linked to three sequential phosphoryl (-PO32-) groups via a phosphoester bond and two phosphoanhydride bonds.ATP is the most abundant nucleotide in the cell and the primary cellular energy currency in all life forms.denosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that consists of an adenosine and a ribose linked to three sequential phosphoryl (-PO32-) groups via a phosphoester bond and two phosphoanhydride bonds.
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does substrate level phosphorylation make atp
However, usually most of the ATP is generated by oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Substrate-level phosphorylation serves as fast source of ATP independent of external electron acceptors and respiration.
The other 28 ATP molecules are made byoxidative phosphorylation.€ Percentage of ATP formed by substrate-level phosphorylations: 4 ATP32 ATP × 100% = 12.5%Percentage of ATP formed by oxidative phosphorylation: 28 ATP32 ATP × 100% = 87.5%15.95We get 12.5 molecules of ATP when we break down one oxaloacetate ion.
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role of electron carriers in cellular respiration
During cellular respiration, redox reactions basically transfer this bond energy in the form of electrons from glucose to molecules called electron carriers. So an electron carrier is basically a molecule that transports electrons during cellular respiration.By using electron carriers, energy harvested from glucose can be temporarily stored until the cell can convert the energy into ATP.AD is a second electron carrier used by a cell during cellular respiration. It stands for flavin adenine dinucleotide. Like NAD, FAD can temporarily store energy during cellular respiration via a reduction reaction.
electron carrier that stores energy used to make ATP. the reduced form of FAD; an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration, gives up electrons to the electron transport chain. , An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP. Final step of cellular respiration.
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During what cycle are sugars produced in the chloroplast?
The Calvin cycle, a metabolic pathway found in the stroma of the chloroplast in which carbon enters in the form of CO2 and leaves in the form of sugar.report this answer.Updated on Thursday, February 02 2012 at 10:06AM EST.he Calvin cycle, a metabolic pathway found in the stroma of the chloroplast in which carbon enters in the form of CO2 and leaves in the form of sugar. report this answer. Updated on Thursday, February 02 2012 at 10:06AM EST.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation: a. occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle. b. is a precursor for the phosphorylation of glucose. c. is the source for the majority of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration. d. occurs during the Krebs Cycle.
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where is energy produced in a cell
Metabolism = the sum of all chemical reactions in the body; catabolism + anabolism. All energy production begins in the cytosol of the cell. Large molecules are catabolized into. smaller molecules, but very little energy is produced: Proteins → amino acids. Triglycerides → fatty acids and glycerol.
ATP is the body's natural source of energy and is produced by mitochondria (rod shaped organelles within each cell). The mitochondria produce two sets of reactive molecules. The first group of reactive molecules activate the anti-oxidants in our bodies. Without these reactive molecules the anti-oxidants are powerless.
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what do mitochondria make
One difference is that these organelles are thought to have lost most of the genes once carried by their prokaryotic ancestor. Although present-day mitochondria do synthesize a few of their own proteins, the vast majority of the proteins they require are now encoded in the nuclear genome.
Some simple cells contain only one or two mitochondria. However, complex animal cells that need a lot of energy, like muscle cells, can have thousands of mitochondria. Energy Factory The main function of mitochondria is to produce energy for the cell. Cells use a special molecule for energy called ATP. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The ATP for the cell is made within the mitochondria. You can think of the mitochondria as the energy factory or power plant of the cell. Respiration Mitochondria produce energy through the process of cellular respiration. Respiration is another word for breathing.
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what feature of the mitochondria allows them to create atp efficiently
These mitochondria are called hydrogenosomes and allow the cell to gain about 4 mol of ATP per mole of glucose. Hydrogenosomes were discovered in 1973 in trichomonads, a group of unicellular eukaryotes.
Mitochondria is the organelle that uses energy from organic compounds like pyruvate to make ATP, or adenosine triphosphate.
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where is atp produced
Mitochondria are the energy factories of the cells. The energy currency for the work that animals must do is the energy-rich molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The ATP is produced in the mitochondria using energy stored in food. Just as the chloroplasts in plants act as sugar factories for the supply of ordered molecules to the plant, the mitochondria in animals and plants act to produce the ordered ATP molecules as the energy supply for the processes of life.
The stage of cellular transportation at which the most ATP is produced is during the electron transport chain. This stage produces a total of 32 ATP molecules for every glucose, according to the Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Department of Biology.
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atp molecules are composed of what three major parts
A single ATP molecule is made up of three parts, adenine, ribose, and phosphates. Adenine and ribose combine to form adenosine, which is then attached to three phosphates to f … orm the high energy ATP molecule.ATP, which stands for adenosine triphosphate, is a single molecule, which includes three phosphate groups.denine, Ribose, and the Triphosphate moiety. The parts of a molecule of ATP are: 1 the purine base, hydrogen; 2 linked to the sugar, glucose; 3 linked to a chain of ten phosphate groups.
Its Structure. The ATP molecule is composed of three components. At the centre is a sugar molecule, ribose (the same sugar that forms the basis of RNA). Attached to one side of this is a base (a group consisting of linked rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms); in this case the base is adenine.
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what is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells?
1 ATP is the primary energy-transferring molecule in all living cells. 2 Metabolic processes that produce energy in a cell use ATP to transfer the energy to other cell reactions which require energy. While alive, cells produce ATP continuously.
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, or ATP, is the most abundant energy carrier molecule in cells. This molecule is made of a nitrogen base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. The word adenosine refers to the adenine plus the ribose sugar.igure 2: Cells can incorporate nutrients by phagocytosis. This amoeba, a single-celled organism, acquires energy by engulfing nutrients in the form of a yeast cell (red). Through a process called phagocytosis, the amoeba encloses the yeast cell with its membrane and draws it inside.
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which is a product of the krebs cycle?
Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: The Kreb's Cycle, or as it better known, the tricaboxylic acid (TCA) cycle produces 2 moles of CO2, 3 moles of NADH, and 1 mole of FADH2 for each mole of acetyl-CoA that enters the cycle. The NADH and FADH2 are then used to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
The Krebs cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle, because citric acid is the very first product generated by this sequence of chemical conversions, and it is also regenerated at the end of the cycle.he krebs cycle makes one molecule of ATP pre cycle (per pyruvate) but if your talking about per glucose, it's 2 molecules of ATP, 6 Reduced NAD, 2 reduced FAD and 4 Carbon dioxide. ATP is made by substrate level phosphorylation (addition of a phosphate molecule).
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why is atp important
ATP is important because when it breaks down to form ADP and in turn AMP, the phosphate groups may be transferred to other molecules making them 'more reactive' and making che … mical change more likely.For example ATP provides energy for chemical change in the liver or the retina of the eye for making visual pigments.TP is the energy currency of the cell. It provide energy to various metabolic (nucleic acids, proteins) reactions upon ATP hydrolysis and phosphrylate the proteins to car … ry out their function (eg: ion pumps).
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): ATP is a molecule that serves as the universal energy source for all plants and animals. In your body, ATP breaks down into adenosine diphosphate plus a separate phosphate group. This releases energy, which is used to power your body's cells. During periods of inactivity, the reverse reaction takes place, and the phosphate group is reattached to the molecule using energy obtained from food. In this way, the ATP molecule is continuously being recycled by your body.
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what is produced during aerobic respiration
Fermentation releases CO 2, but does not make any ATP – all ATP during anaerobic respiration is produced during glycolysis. Since glycolysis produces 2 ATP, anaerobic respiration yields 2 ATP for every molecule of glucose. Both glycolysis and fermentation take place within the cytosol/cytoplasm of a cell.
Best Answer: In aerobic respiration, one molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP molecules, eight produced during glycolysis, six from the link reaction and 24 from the Krebs cycle.
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what ions get pumped into the thylakoid
This is called the electron transport chain. As the molecules pass the electron they pump hydrogen ions from one side of the membrane to the other. The high concentration of hydrogen ions pumped into the inner thylakoid space (the thylakoid lumen) can then be used to make ATP by a process called chemiosmosis. The electron finally gets dumped on the molecule NADP (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) changing that molecule into NADPH.
The energy of a proton. gradient across the thylakoid membranes is believed to be used for the. phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Phosphorylation and reduction take. place at the boundary between the chloroplast matrix, or stroma, and the. thylakoids. In so-called C3 plants, such as spinach, and in the bundle sheath. of C4 plants, such as maize, CO2 is fixed in the chloroplast stroma.
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what does phosphorus do for the body
Energy Production. Phosphorus is commonly found in the body as phosphate. Phosphates play an important role in energy production as components of ATP, or adenosine triphosphate. ATP is readily used to fuel your body's many functions.
Phosphorus is one of the most important minerals that help the correct functioning of the human body. It's primarily used in the repair and production of body tissues and …cells, so it teams up with another mineral, calcium, to provide strength and structure.
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what is the high energy compound that cells use directly to fuel other chemical reactions
KEY ENERGY PROCESSES IN CELLS. Most of what a cell does involves endergonic reactions, requiring constant energy input; these reactions are coupled to just a few exergonic reactions which supply that energy. The key fuel source in cell reactions is Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP.
The key fuel source in cell reactions is Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP. The molecule is an amino acid linked to a ribose sugar, linked to a string of three phosphate groups (there are also ADP, Adenosine Diphosphate, and AMP, Adenosine Monophosphate).
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by what process do all organisms release energy stored in the bonds of glucose?
• Recall that chemical energy is stored in the bonds of sugars. When a sugar molecule is broken down, a usable form of energy is released for the cell’s life functions. • Cells can release energy in two basic processes: cellular respiration and fermentation.
Aerobic respiration is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that release the energy stored up in carbohydrates and lipids during photosynthesis and make it available to living organisms. Aerobic respiration. There are four stages: glycolysis, the link reaction, the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.TP and cells. The hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphoric acid (Pi) releases energy (it is an exergonic reaction). Some chemical reactions that occur in cells require energy.
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what enzyme is more active in a human cell
Metabolic enzymes are the most active for human cells. The reason for this is because they regulate each biochemical reaction. Metabolic enzymes are the most active for human cells. The reason for this is because they regulate each biochemical reaction.
This increases the chances of a successful collision and so the rate increases. There is a certain temperature at which an enzyme's catalytic activity is at its greatest (see graph). This optimal temperature is usually around human body temperature (37.5 o C) for the enzymes in human cells.
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why is phosphorylation important
In chemistry, phosphorylation of a molecule is the attachment of a phosphoryl group. Together with its counterpart, dephosphorylation, it is critical for many cellular processes in biology. Phosphorylation is especially important for protein function, as this modification activates almost half of the enzymes, thereby regulating their function. Many proteins are phosphorylated temporarily, as are many sugars, lipids, and other molecules. Protein phosphorylation is considered the most abundant pos
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP.n eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space.
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where does electron oxidative phosphorylation take place
It plays a critical role in the conversion of energy through metabolism, and is composed of an outer and inner membrane that divide the structure into two distinct regions--the inner membrane space and the matrix. The enzymes that help catalyze oxidative phosphorylation are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation is a process by which most ATPs (~34-36) are produced in cellular respiration. Within the inner mitochondiral membrane, the … re is what is called and Electron Transport Chain/System (ETC/ETS).The ETC involves various enzymes, complexes, and cytochromes, which act as electron acceptors.ithin the inner mitochondiral membrane, the … re is what is called and Electron Transport Chain/System (ETC/ETS).
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what is atp glucose
The name glucose is from the Greek word for 'sweet' , which is 'glukus.' Glucose is a monosaccharide, which is another term for a simple sugar. It is one of three monosaccharides that are used by the body, but it is the only one that can be used directly to produce ATP. ATP is used by the body for energy; in fact, ATP is the only molecule that can be used for energy. Thus, adequate glucose levels are essential.
Adenosine triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide (also called a nucleoside triphosphate) and is a small molecule used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often referred to as the molecular unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
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what is atp used for in the body
ATP-Potential Energy. ATP is made of adenosine and three phosphate bonds. The phosphate bonds are high energy, meaning that when they are broken, a large amount of energy is released for use by the body.t increases the body's ability to make ATP quickly as a source of energy. When considering how ATP is used, understanding the cycle of ATP and oxygen exchange is an important element for a maintaining a healthy body and consistent reserves of energy.
Adenosine triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide, also called a nucleoside triphosphate, is a small molecule used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often referred to as the molecular unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
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what is the role of nadp+ in photosynthesis?
What role do plant pigments plan in the process of photosynthesis? They gather the sun's energy Explain the role of NADP+ as an energy carrier in photosynthesis. It transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules. What is the role of ATP synthase?
Quick Answer. NADP+, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis. NADP+ allows carbon dioxide to assimilate within the Calvin cycle by means of its reducing power. This enables carbon dioxide to be converted into glucose.
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what is atp-pcr system
Search. Known also as immediate energy system, phosphagen system, and alactic anaerobic system, the ATP – PCr system is the main energy provider for a high intensity exercise of short duration up to 10 seconds, for example lifting a weight, swinging a golf club, doing a push – up, and throwing a hammer.TP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the body and when hydrolyzed, it releases a lot of energy that results in muscle contraction and protein synthesis. In fact, ATP is the stored form of energy readily available for the body to produce heat and energy when reacting with water.
For the ATP-PC system the rest ratio is 1:10/12. This means that for every second of ‘work’ you need to allow 10 to 12 seconds for recovery. Examples of training that focuses primarily on the ATP-PC system are: 1 Lifting the heaviest weight you possibly can for one or two repetitions. 2 Sprinting as fast as you can for 50 – 100 metres with 2-3 minute recovery intervals before repeating. 3 Punching a boxing bag as hard as you possibly can for 2 – 3 punches.
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what is the definition of adenosine triphosphate (atp)?
The noun ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE has 1 sense: 1. a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions. Familiarity information: ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE used as a noun is very rare. Dictionary entry details.
Noun. 1. adenosine triphosphate-a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions. ATP. nucleotide, base-a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA).
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definition atp
Definition of ATP. : a phosphorylated nucleotide C10H16N5O13P3 composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis especially to ADP —called also adenosine triphosphate.See ATP defined for kids.ADVERTISEMENT. a phosphorylated nucleotide C10H16N5O13P3 composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis especially to ADP —called also adenosine triphosphate. See ATP defined for kids.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - definition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by The Free Dictionary.
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which of the following processes produces the most atp per molecule of glucose oxidized?
Fermentation is less efficient at using the energy from glucose: only 2 ATP are produced per glucose, compared to the 38 ATP per glucose nominally produced by aerobic respiration. This is because the waste products of fermentation still contain chemical potential energy that can be released by oxidation.
Since this step occurs twice for each glucose molecule, 2 ATP are produced. Overall, glycolysis has used 2 ATP in the energy investment phase and produced 4 ATP in the energy payoff phase, for a net gain of 2 ATP.
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which molecule is considered the most common short-term energy carrier molecule of cells?
The primary energy carrying molecule in a cells is ATP. ATP is known as adenosine triphosphate which is an organic molecule that stores and releases energy, used in cellul…ar processes. 1 person found this useful.
NADH is the electron carrier that stores energy used to make ATP. It is a naturally-occurring and vital compound found in all living cells of plants, animals, and humans.
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is mitochondria needed for beta oxidation
In biochemistry and metabolism, beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain.
1 Oxidation of the beta carbon to a carbonyl group. 2 Cleavage of two-carbon segments resulting in acetyl-CoA. 3 Oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle.4 Electron transfer from electron carriers to the electron transfer chain in oxidative phosphorylation.ree fatty acids must cross the cell membrane through specific transport proteins, such as the SLC27 family fatty acid transport protein. Once in the cytosol, the following processes bring fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix so that beta-oxidation can take place.
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why is atp an example of chemical potential energy
It stores energy until a cell needs it. The ATP is an example of chemical potential energy because it stores energy. This energy is stored until cells are in need. 21 people found this useful.
Chemical potential energy is a form of potential energy related to the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules. This arrangement may be the result of chemical bonds within a molecule or otherwise. Chemical energy of a chemical substance can be transformed to other forms of energy by a chemical reaction.As an example, when a fuel is burned the chemical energy is converted to heat, same is the case with digestion of food metabolized in a biological organism.nergy that can be released (or absorbed) because of a reaction between a set of chemical substances is equal to the difference between the energy content of the products and the reactants.
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how many net atp molecules are produced in aerobic respiration?
Fermentation is less efficient at using the energy from glucose: only 2 ATP are produced per glucose, compared to the 38 ATP per glucose nominally produced by aerobic respiration. This is because the waste products of fermentation still contain chemical potential energy that can be released by oxidation.
Most ATP produced in aerobic respiration occurs in the process of: chemiosmosis. 64. In aerobic respiration, the energy in 1 mole of glucose is capable of producing how many ATP molecules: 38 x (6.02 x 1023) molecules of ATP. 65. products of glycolysis include. pyruvate, NADH, ATP. 66. In glycolysis the most reduced compound formed is: Pyruvate. 67. In glycolysis, the activation of glucose is accomplished by: ATP. 68
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how many molecules of atp and nadph are used in a single turn of the calvin cycle?
How many molecules of ATP and NADPH are used in a single turn of Calvin cycle? 3 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADPH Using (CH2O) as the general formula for a carbohydrate, write the simplest overall equation for photosynthesis.
Six Technically speaking, three turns of the Calvin cycle produce one Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). Each turn of the Calvin Cycle uses 1 CO2. So three … CO2 (3 cycles) for 1 G3P.Since 2 G3P are needed for 1 molecule of glucose = six molecules of CO2.ach turn of the Calvin Cycle uses 1 CO2. So three … CO2 (3 cycles) for 1 G3P. Since 2 G3P are needed for 1 molecule of glucose = six molecules of CO2.
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how is the function of nad+ similar to that of nadp+
How is the function of NAD+ similar to the function of NADP+? The function of NAD+ that is similar to that of NADP+ is that, in photosynthesis, each NAD+ accepts a pair of high-energy electrons. How many calories are in a kilocalorie?
Catalyzes reactions in the Calvin cycle, glucose synthesis. biosynthetic and energy-producing functions of NADP + and NAD + . NAD + and NADP + act as electron acceptors in oxidoreductase catalyzed reactions; NADH and NADPH act as electron donors. The transfer of hydrogen to NAD + is stereospecific, and dehydrogenases are now classified as H A side or H B side enzymes, according to the side of the NAD molecule they act on.
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is the energy-releasing process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones.
1. Catabolism. 1 The process by which complex molecules are broken down into smaller, simpler molecules. 2 Also known as: destructive metabolism. 3 Word derivation: Cata: down. Two key results of catabolism: Stored energy is released.
Chemistry student. Catabolism is when the molecules are broken down and energy is released. Cellular respiration breaks down large molecules, like glucose, and store the energy in the form of ATP. Therefore, cellular respiration is catabolic.
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what are cristae
A crista (/ˈkrɪstə/ , pl. cristae cristæ and) cristae is a fold in the inner membrane of a. mitochondrionristae are studded with proteins, including ATP synthase and a variety of cytochromes. With the discovery of the dual membrane nature of mitochondria, the pioneers of mitochondrial ultrastructural research proposed different models for the organization of the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Cristae consists of the oxysomes.Actually cristae are folds in the Mitochondria where cellular respiration or the Krebs cycle occurs due to the presence of oxysomes on their surface. 131 Views Related Questions
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explain the equation for cellular respiration
The equation of cellular respiration helps in calculating the release of energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen in a cell. If you are searching for information on the formula of cellular respiration equation, the following Buzzle article will prove to be useful.he balanced cellular respiration equation yields 36 or 38 ATP molecules that depends on the extramitochondrial NADH-reducing equivalents, which are recycled for glycolysis like glycerol 3- phosphate that gives 36 ATP molecules and malate or aspartate shuttle yields 38 ATPs.
Cellular respiration is a process that takes place in all cells, in which glucose is added to oxygen, and through a chemical reaction, yields water and energy. The formula for this is C6H12O6 + 6O2 a â + 6CO2 + 6H2O. atpespiration is breathing and cellular respiration is a metabolic process that captures the chemical energy from foods in the form of ATP. 4 people found this useful. Edit. Share to: The question and answer are locked and cannot be edited.
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in what cycle does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?
Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation is two, and then there is also the citric acid cyle (also caled the Kreb's cycle). Substrate-level phopshorylation happens in both glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle. The only difference is that the Kreb cycle is also in the mitochondria and glycolysis is not (it's in the cytoplasm).
Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation is two, and then there is also the citric acid cyle (also caled the Kreb's cycle). Substrate-level phopshorylation happens in both glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle. The only difference is that the Kreb cycle is also in the mitochondria and glycolysis is not (it's in the cytoplasm).
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how many atp are used in glycolysis per glucose
Glucose with 6 carbons is split into two molecules of 3 carbons each at Step 4. As a result, Steps 5 through 10 are carried out twice per glucose molecule. Two pyruvic acid molecules are the end product of glycolysis per mono-saccharide molecule.
The theoretical maximum yield of ATP through oxidation of one molecule of glucose in glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation is 38 (assuming 3 molar equivalents of ATP per equivalent NADH and 2 ATP per FADH 2). In eukaryotes, two equivalents of NADH are generated in glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm.
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is atp a product of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. This glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular respiration. Oxygen is also formed.he first steps in the Calvin cycle. The first stable product of the Calvin Cycle is phosphoglycerate (PGA), a 3-C chemical. The energy from ATP and NADPH energy carriers generated by the photosystems is used to phosphorylate the PGA.
In photosynthesis, ATP is synthesized from the thylakoid membrane (sites of the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis) of chloroplast cells of plants.The photon particles from the sunlight excite the chloroplast thylakoid membrane, which in turn converts this excitation into ATP’s chemical energy.n photosynthesis, ATP is synthesized from the thylakoid membrane (sites of the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis) of chloroplast cells of plants.
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what happens during the electron transport chain?
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane.
During the electron transport chain, NADH become NAD+ and the H get transported across the membrane. As a result, electrons reduced from NAD+ are used in the transport chain. Similar thing happens to FADH2 as well.
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what is an appropriate name for the mitochondria
5. BEST ANSWER Certified by MeritNation Expert. Mitochondriaare known as the powerhouse of cells. Mitochondria create energy for the cell, and this process of creating energy for the cell is known as cellular respiration. Most chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria.
Do you have a name for your RV? My wife and I have been having a discussion for what would be an appropriate name for our RV. I thought it would be fun to throw the question out to the group and see if others have names for their projects and what thought went into picking the name.
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what part of the mitochondria does link reaction take place
These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains.
These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space.
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where does pyruvate oxidation occur in eukaryotic cells?
Pyruvate oxidation steps. Pyruvate is produced by glycolysis in the cytoplasm, but pyruvate oxidation takes place in the mitochondrial matrix (in eukaryotes). So, before the chemical reactions can begin, pyruvate must enter the mitochondrion, crossing its inner membrane and arriving at the matrix.
Electron Transport Chain - the high energy electrons trapped in NADH and FADH in glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle are used to produce ATP through chemiosmosis. O2 is the final acceptor of high energy electrons. In eukaryotesIn eukaryotes. glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle and the Electron
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do sodium proton pumps require atp
The Sodium-Potassium Pump. The process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrance is an active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy.
Hydrogen Ion Pump. Hydrogen ions (or protons) are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix to create a proton gradient you are correct. The mitochondria use this proton gradient to produce chemical energy (ATP) in aerobic respiration. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation.
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which process can use carrier proteins? explain.atp
ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.
· just now. Report Abuse. Carrier proteins are proteins that transport a specific substance or group of substances across intracellular compartments or in extracellular fluids (e.g. in the blood) or else across the cell membrane.
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what supplies the energy for muscle contraction
Supply of energy for muscle contraction. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the immediate source of (chemical) energy for muscle contraction. Very little ATP is stored in muscle fibres (= 'muscle cells'), only enough to power muscle contractions for a few seconds. The ATP in muscles must be constantly replenished as it is used for various processes.
In all three types of muscle cells, most of the energy produced is used for the demands of muscle contraction, which is achieved by actin molecules sliding on myosin filaments. In addition, energy is used for pumping Ca 2+ from the sarcoplasma to the sarcoplasmic reticulum after the muscle contraction is over.
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the vitamin that is part of the coenzyme nad is
In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD + is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced.This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD.hese preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.
Niacin (Vitamin B3). Niacin is one of eight B vitamins and is part of two co-enzymes (abbreviated as NAD and NADP). Within both co-enzymes, niacin has a role in many biological functions within the body. NAD helps convert carbohydrates, protein, fat and alcohol into energy and NADP is necessary for the synthesis of fatty acids.
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glycolysis definition as a pathway for atp
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C 6 H 12 O 6, into pyruvate, CH 3 COCOO − + H + .lycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway) , which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas.
Glycolysis. The pathway in which a cell breaks down glucose into energy. Mentioned in: Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency. a catabolic pathway that breaks down glucose 6-phosphate, derived from glucose or glycogen, and in the process generates energy which leads to production of ATP. In aerobic conditions, pyruvate is the end-product. series of enzymatically catalyzed reactions by which glucose and other sugars are broken down to yield lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis) or pyruvic acid (aerobic glycolysis) . The breakdown releases energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. Also called Embden-Meyerhof pathway.
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how many molecules of atp are generated in cellular respiration
This potential is then used to drive ATP synthaseand produce ATP from ADP and a phosphate group. Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can bemade per oxidised glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about34 from the electron transport system).
Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane. This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP from ADP and a phosphate group. Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidised glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system).
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what is atp used used for
ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP.
Adenosine triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide (also called a nucleoside triphosphate) and is a small molecule used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often referred to as the molecular unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
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is glycolysis oxidation or reduction
Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: First of all you have to know that Oxidation is the same as Dehydrogenation and reduction is the same as Hydrogenation. In the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate a NAD takes an H and turns into NADH. The NAD has being hydrogenated (reduced). The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate has lost an H so has being dehydrogenated (oxidized). So in the glycolysis you have 1 oxidation and 1 reduction.
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. Oxidation is the removal of one or more electrons from a substrate. Protons (H +) are often removed with the electrons. Reduction of a substrate refers to its gain of one or more electrons. Each time a substance is oxidized, another is simultaneously reduced. NAD + is the oxidized form; NADH is the reduced form. Glucose is a reduced molecule; energy is released during a cell’s oxidation of glucose.
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