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where is the matrix in the mitochondria
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The matrix of the mitochondria is the space surrounding the cristae, which also includes molecules that participate in cellular respiration as well as ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member.
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A dominant role for the mitochondria is the production of ATP, as reflected by the large number of proteins in the inner membrane for this task. This is done by oxidizing the major products of glucose, pyruvate, and NADH, which are produced in the cytosol.he matrix is the space enclosed by the inner membrane. It contains about 2/3 of the total protein in a mitochondrion. The matrix is important in the production of ATP with the aid of the ATP synthase contained in the inner membrane.
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eng_Latn
| 29,700 |
does glycolysis require oxygen?
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This is also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. When oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA is produced from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur.
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No. The first stage of cellular respiration, Glycolysis, does not require oxygen and produces a net of two (2) ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. If you run a lot, you may feel a bit painful in the legs.* This is partially due to the lack of oxygen entering your blood. However, your leg cells still need ATP to maintain the action of running.
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eng_Latn
| 29,701 |
which process requires atp
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Best Answer: Many processes require ATP, which is the form of energy used in cells. ( The energy stored in ATP can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis, locomotion or transportation of molecules across cell membranes.) A specific example is the Na/K ATPase pump, which helps regulate the cell membrane potential.
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it is an active process that requires energy . ATP is first required during intiation of DNA replication to help unzip DNA at the origin of Replication named Replication Fork During Elongation step of DNA replication : 4 types of Nuecleotides are added ATP - GTP -CTP -TTP
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eng_Latn
| 29,702 |
what is the function of coenzyme a in the krebs cycle
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism, used in many biochemical reactions. Its main function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.tructure of coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a β-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid through an amide linkage. The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is linked by a high energy thioester to the sulfhydryl portion of the β-mercaptoethylamine.
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The Acetyl-CoA acts only as a transporter of acetic acid from one enzyme to another. After Step 1, the coenzyme is released by hydrolysis so that it may combine with another acetic acid molecule to begin the Krebs cycle again.
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eng_Latn
| 29,703 |
why is the electron transport chain important
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The electron transport chain is a system of molecules through which electrons are transferred to generate ATP. It has an important role in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. ETS in photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, when you are absorbed in photosystem 2, electrons are energized.here are a number of molecules that consists an electron transport chain. Most of these molecules are proteins, built into the inner membrane of mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membrane of aerobically respiring prokaryotes.
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The electron transport chain: The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH 2 to molecular oxygen.
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eng_Latn
| 29,704 |
which step of respiration makes the most atp?
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Aerobic Respiration. The process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen., Respiration that requires oxygen.
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Asker's rating. Report Abuse. Try this: Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane.
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eng_Latn
| 29,705 |
what does nadph stand for in biology
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A: NADPH, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is essential for photosynthetic organism carbohydrates. This reduced coenzyme is a high energy molecule and a reduced form of NADP+ that plays a key role in driving the Calvin cycle.
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NADPH is the source of electrons for glucose biosynthesis. C. ATP is the energy source for glucose biosynthesis. ~ , an electron acceptor, provides reducing power via energized electrons to the Calvin cycle. Water is split in the process, and O2 is released as a by-product.ADPH provides the reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions and for oxidation-reduction involved in protection against the toxicity of ROS (re active oxygen species). NADPH is also used for anabolic pathways, such as fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid chain elongation.
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eng_Latn
| 29,706 |
why is glucose a good source of energy
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Why is glucose such a good source of energy for bacteria? 1) Glucose contains six oxygen atoms, which can be used for oxidative phosphorylation and the generation of many ATP molecules.2) Glucose is a highly oxidized compound, containing many carbon-hydrogen bonds and a lot of potential energy.hy is glucose such a good source of energy for bacteria? 1) Glucose contains six oxygen atoms, which can be used for oxidative phosphorylation and the generation of many ATP molecules.
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Lesson Summary. Energy production is important for almost all processes within the body, and glucose represents the fuel we need to produce that energy. But in the event that too much fuel is present, we store it in the form of glycogen for future use. This allows us to efficiently use the foods we consume for energy needs now and in the future.
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eng_Latn
| 29,707 |
how many molecules of pyruvate are produced in glycolysis
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Glycolysis itself does not output CO2. Just after glycolysis the 2 pyruvates which are derived from the glucose molecule during glycolysis, are converted into 2 acetyl CoA in ⦠the process of which one CO2 per pyruvate is released. After that the 2 acetyl CoA's enter the Kerbs cycle and a further 2 CO2's are produced for each.
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In summary, a single glucose molecule in glycolysis produces a total of 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, 2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water. Although 2 ATP molecules are used in steps 1-3, 2 ATP molecules are generated in step 7 and 2 more in step 10.
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eng_Latn
| 29,708 |
where is atp used in cell
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the molecular unit of currency: ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. Every cell uses ATP for energy. It consists of a base (adenine) and seventeen phosphate groups.
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ATP, a high energy molecule, is expended by working cells in the performance of normal cellular operations. Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, with most reactions taking place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
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eng_Latn
| 29,709 |
what causes cyclic photophosphorylation to occur in photosynthesis
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Cyclic photophosphorylation requires photosystem I, but not photosystem II. Light-dependent electron transport occurs in the thylakoid membranes, where electrons follow a cyclic pathway, returning to the photosystem I reaction center.yclic photophosphorylation requires photosystem I, but not photosystem II. Light-dependent electron transport occurs in the thylakoid membranes, where electrons follow a cyclic pathway, returning to the photosystem I reaction center.
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The electrons combine with H+ and reduce NADP to NADPH2. The hydrogen ions also called protons are made available by splitting up of water. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation needs a constant supply of water molecules. The net result of non-cyclic phosphorylation is the formation of oxygen, NADPH and ATP molecules. Oxygen is produced as a waste product of photosynthesis.
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eng_Latn
| 29,710 |
what is the oxidation reaction of glucose
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Glucose oxidation is an aerobic process, a chemical reaction that requires oxygen. The term oxidation, in fact, refers to any reaction where oxygen is combined with another molecule, which is then said to be oxidized. strand of DNA, which is created by the energy that is produced through glucose oxidation. Mitochondria use the by-products of glucose oxidation to produce ATP. Water molecules are one product of glucose oxidation.
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The first step in the oxidation process is glycolysis, which takes place within a cellâs cytoplasm, the gel-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the other cellular organs. During this stage, the glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, an organic acid that can supply cells with energy.lucose oxidation is a chemical process that provides energy for an organism to carry out all of its required activities. During this process, glucose, a simple sugar molecule obtained from food, is broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
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eng_Latn
| 29,711 |
what other processes in the body cells require atp
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ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.TP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.
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During a process called cellular respiration, the food was converted into ATP. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is a high energy molecule used by your cells to make your body function. Cellular respiration is a three stage process your body undergoes to produce ATP. The first of these stages is called glycolysis. Glycolysis is a process that uses sugar to create ATP molecules.
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eng_Latn
| 29,712 |
What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate?
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Glycolysis involves nine distinct reactions that convert glucose into pyruvate. In this section, we will cover the first four of these reactions, which convert glucose into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
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Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi â 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + 4 H+. The individual steps of the conversion of glucose into pyruvate are (in brief): A glucose molecule from the hydrolysation of starch or glycogen is phosphorylated using one ATP molecule to give glucose-6-phosphate.
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eng_Latn
| 29,713 |
atp is required for what processes
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ATP is consumed in the cell by energy-requiring (endergonic) processes and can be generated by energy-releasing (exergonic) processes. In this way ATP transfers energy between spatially separate metabolic reactions. ATP is the main energy source for the majority of cellular functions.ermentation entails the generation of energy via the process of substrate-level phosphorylation in the absence of a respiratory electron transport chain. In most eukaryotes, glucose is used as both an energy store and an electron donor.
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Energy is required for cells to perform many functions. Enzymes convert substrates into products but must do so against the activation energy (so energy is needed here). Cellular respiration requires some amount of energy to occur. The most important energy consumer is the Na+/K+ ATPase ion pump which is responsible for maintaining cellular gradients and consumes approximately 50% of the energy of the cell.
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eng_Latn
| 29,714 |
what molecules are made when energy in atp is released
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Energy is always required to break bonds and always is released when bonds are formed, even with ATP, but the part that is omitted is that more molecules of water are bound and ordered after the ATP hydrolysis than before and so more ordering plus many more highly energetic hydrogen bonds formed than broken equals a large overall release of energy for the overall process.
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The energy gets released when new molecules -- with stronger bonds -- are formed. ATP provides energy when it transfers phosphate groups to more strongly bonded glucose or fructose phosphates. The eventual formation of carbon dioxide, with its strong bonds, also releases energy.
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eng_Latn
| 29,715 |
most cells use a tremendous amount of atp
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Making the world better, one answer at a time. The electron transport generates the most ATP in the aerobic respiration. Higher organisms, such as reptiles, mammals, and birds, require a tremendous amount of ATP to function; therefore, the cells of higher organisms most frequently use aerobic respiration. The electron transport generates the most ATP in the aerobic respiration.
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ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.TP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day. ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids.
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eng_Latn
| 29,716 |
what is the function of phosphoglucomutase in glycogen metabolism
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Rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase, drawn from PDB: 1JDY â. Phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2) is an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group on an α-D-glucose monomer from the 1' to the 6' position in the forward direction or the 6' to the 1' position in the reverse direction.More precisely, it facilitates the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.hosphoglucomutase also acts in the opposite fashion when blood glucose levels are high. In this case, phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate (which is easily generated from glucose by the action of hexokinase) to glucose 1-phosphate.
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Glycogenolysis: In glycogenolysis, glycogen stored in the liver and muscles, is converted first to glucose-1- phosphate and then into glucose-6-phosphate. Two hormones which control glycogenolysis are a peptide, glucagon from the pancreas and epinephrine from the adrenal glands.lycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, and Gluconeogenesis. Biosynthesis of Glycogen: The goal of glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and the citric acid cycle is to conserve energy as ATP from the catabolism of carbohydrates. If the cells have sufficient supplies of ATP, then these pathways and cycles are inhibited.
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eng_Latn
| 29,717 |
how energy from the ets is coupled with ox phos
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Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP.or another twenty years, the mechanism by which ATP is generated remained mysterious, with scientists searching for an elusive high-energy intermediate that would link oxidation and phosphorylation reactions. This puzzle was solved by Peter D. Mitchell with the publication of the chemiosmotic theory in 1961.
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oxidative phosphorylation the final common pathway of aerobic energy metabolism in which high-energy phosphate bonds are formed by phosphorylation of ADP to ATP coupled with the transfer of electrons along a chain of carrier proteins with molecular oxygen as the final acceptor. It occurs in mitochondria.xidative phosphorylation the final common pathway of aerobic energy metabolism in which high-energy phosphate bonds are formed by phosphorylation of ADP to ATP coupled with the transfer of electrons along a chain of carrier proteins with molecular oxygen as the final acceptor. It occurs in mitochondria.
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eng_Latn
| 29,718 |
where is coenzyme a formed
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Since coenzyme A is, in chemical terms, a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria.A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA.oenzyme A is also the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
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The pyruvic molecules formed in glycolosis enter the mitochondria, where they are converted to acetyl Coenzyme-A (acetyl-CoA). In this complex series of reactions, pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation.
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eng_Latn
| 29,719 |
what compound directly provides energy for cellular work quizlet
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ATP is a complex nanomachine that serves as the primary energy currency of the cell (Trefil, 1992, p.93). A nanomachine is a complex precision microscopic-sized machine that fits the standard definition of a machine. ATP is the most widely distributed high-energy compound within the human body (Ritter, 1996, p. 301).
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ATP minus P = ADP + P + energy. It may be helpful to think of ATP as a battery that gets charged, and as soon as it is charged, it can give off a spark of energy that can be used to do work in the body. See links below: Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme.It is used to transport chemical energy within cells for metabolism. Another name for ATP is Adenosine triphosphate.denosine triphosphate is also known as ATP. ATP is the chemical in our bodies that fuels all muscular contractions and is the source of energy that powers skeletal muscles. Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleotide, which is a chemical compound that bonds to nucleic acids.
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eng_Latn
| 29,720 |
do muscle produce ATP
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When muscles contract, they break down ATP in a reaction that provides energy. However, muscle cells only store enough ATP to fuel a few seconds of maximal contraction. To keep working, they must replenish their ATP supply.
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Your cells store energy in the form of ATP. When muscles contract, they break down ATP in a reaction that provides energy. However, muscle cells only store enough ATP to fuel a few seconds of maximal contraction. To keep working, they must replenish their ATP supply.
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eng_Latn
| 29,721 |
ATP definition
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(2) An organic compound composed of adenosine (an adenine ring and a ribose sugar) and three phosphate groups, hence, the name. Supplement. ATP is a nucleotide that contains a large amount of chemical energy stored in its high-energy phosphate bonds.It releases energy when it is broken down (hydrolyzed) into ADP (or Adenosine Diphosphate). The energy is used for many metabolic processes.upplement. ATP is a nucleotide that contains a large amount of chemical energy stored in its high-energy phosphate bonds. It releases energy when it is broken down (hydrolyzed) into ADP (or Adenosine Diphosphate).
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate, a small molecule used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often referred to as the molecular unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
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kor_Hang
| 29,722 |
where does CoA come from
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In eukaryotic cells, acetyl CoA is produced in the mitochondria from molecules derived from sugars and fats.
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A COA takes inputs from source accounting documents and journal entries, and allocates that information to a prescribed set of accounts, ultimately producing financial reports, which in turn enable users of that information to track the performance of the business, in a format that best suits their needs.
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eng_Latn
| 29,723 |
which molecule carries the energy produced during cellular respiration?
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ATP, a high energy molecule, is expended by working cells in the performance of normal cellular operations. Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, with most reactions taking place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
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Let's see how NAD is able to store energy for a cell during cellular respiration. Recall that we are going store energy in NAD by adding electrons to it. That means that the NAD molecule can exist in either an oxidized or a reduced form. NAD+ is the oxidized form of NAD.
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eng_Latn
| 29,724 |
what is a difference between atp and adp molecules?
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ADP can be used to directly power movement, while ATP cannot. ATP molecules provide less energy to the cell than ADP molecules. ATP has three phosphate groups, while ADP has two phosphate... show more ADP is only made in plants, while ATP is made in both plants and animals. ADP can be used to directly power movement, while ATP cannot. ATP molecules provide less energy to the cell than ADP molecules. ATP has three phosphate groups, while ADP has two phosphate... show more ADP is only made in plants, while ATP is made in both plants and animals. ADP can be used to directly power movement, while ATP cannot. ATP ...
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ATP = organic molecule that functions as the main energy source of cells; adenosine triphosphate; has three phosphate groups, a base (adenine) and a sugar (ribose). ADP = organic molecule; adenosine diphosphate; has two phosphate groups, a base, and sugar.molecule = group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.hat ATP Is. ATP is a natural molecule, also known as adenosine triphosphate, in your body that is the main energy source currency of cells. Mitochondria, an organelle, gathers energy from organic compounds to make most of the ATP, while other ATP can be made in the cytoplasm.
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eng_Latn
| 29,725 |
which of the following are found in an atp molecule? two phosphate groups a five carbon ribose sugar an adenine base a and b b and c
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) energy storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups energy is stored in the molecules chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells.
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The ATP molecule is composed of three components. Below in pink is a sugar molecule, ribose (the same sugar that forms the basis of DNA). Attached above is a base (the group consisting of linked rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms); in this case the base is adenine. To the left of the sugar is a string of phosphate groups.
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eng_Latn
| 29,726 |
what are redox reaction
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Redox (short for reductionâoxidation reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed. Any such reaction involves both a reduction process and a complementary oxidation process, two key concepts involved with electron transfer processes.
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Redox Reactions in Photosynthesis. The reduction and oxidation reactions are shortly known as redox reactions. These reactions are marked by the transfer of electrons. During oxidation a substance tends to loose its electrons whereas during reduction a substance tends to gain electrons.n plants the redox reactions take place within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. They utilize the light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH. A set of redox reactions take place in mitochondria of animals. ATP is generated by the process of oxidative phosphorylation in animals.
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eng_Latn
| 29,727 |
how many atp molecules are produced in the kreb cycle
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The krebs cycle only produces 2 molecules of ATP from every pyruvate molecule. One molecule of ATP comes directly from the cycle and another molecule of ATP is produced indirectly from the cycle through anther high energy molecule called GTP that phosphorolates ADP into ATP in another step.
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The Krebs cycle produces two molecules of ATP for every molecule of glucose. The Krebs cycle also produces eight molecules of NADH and two molecules of FADH2 per molecule of glucose. NADH and FADH2 are later used to produce energy during electron transport phosphorylation.
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eng_Latn
| 29,728 |
atp is a compound that is synthesized when which occurs
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ATP is a compound that is synthesized when energy that is stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration.ATP is considered as the energy-currency of an ⦠organism.Answered.In Biology. This is a typical muscle cell, you the insulin receptor at the top of page within the membrane of the cell. That insulin receptor sends a signal over to the Glut 4 gluco ⦠se channel in the membrane to the left of the insulin receptor in which sugers enter the cell.
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ATP is the vital energy molecule of all living systems which is absolutely necessary for key biochemical reactions within the cells. The actual synthesis of ATP from the coupling of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) with phosphate (PO4) is very complicated and involves a mechanism called chemiosmosis. The electron flow generates a higher concentration (charge) of positively-charged hydrogen (H+) ions (or protons) on one side of the membrane.
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eng_Latn
| 29,729 |
what is constitutive secretory pathway
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what is the constitutive secretory pathway? a pathway that operates continuously in all cells and supplies a continuous stream of vesicles with lipids and proteins for the plasma membrane collagen
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Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP.uring oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP.
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eng_Latn
| 29,730 |
how many atp molecules can the cell produce from a single molecule of glucose through the complete process of cellular respiration
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What is the efficiency of cellular respiration if a cell generates 32 ATP molecule per molecule of glucose? The efficiency of cellular respiration if a cell generates 32 ATP x 7 kcal / 686... What is total number of atp molecules produced in cellular respiration from one glucose There are a total number of 38 molecules of ATP produced in cellular respiration... What is the product of Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce how many ATP molecules? A: 2 ATP molecules are produced as energy. Anymore questions?
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As mentioned above, in glycolysis, a total of four molecules of ATP are produced, but two are used up in other steps in the process. Additional ATP is produced during the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain, resulting in a grand total of 40 ATP molecules produced from the breakdown of one molecule of glucose via cellular respiration.
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eng_Latn
| 29,731 |
what is acetyl coa
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Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism, used in many biochemical reactions.Its main function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.he oxidative conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA is referred to as the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction. It is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Other conversions between pyruvate and acetyl-CoA are possible.
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A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. Coenzymes are sometimes denoted CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA. One form of Coenzyme A is Acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is a very important because it is a precursor to HMG CoA. Acetyl-CoA is involved in cholesterol and ketone synthesis.And is vital component to the acetyl group in acetylcholine.oenzymes are one group of cofactors that can either be tightly or loosely bound to the enzyme. The former are called prosthetic groups, whereas the latter are like cosubstrates. Coenzymes are small organic molecules and are often derived from vitamins making them crucial components in biological reactions.
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eng_Latn
| 29,732 |
atp is composed of
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ATP synthase (EC 3.6.3.14) is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the most commonly used energy currency of cells from most organisms.It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (P i), and needs energy.TP synthase (EC 3.6.3.14) is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the most commonly used energy currency of cells from most organisms.
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is required in all living cells as a continual supply of energy, to be used in processes, which keep the organism alive such as muscle contraction. ATP is made up of three main components, the base (adenine), a phosphate chain (made of three phosphate groups) and a ribose sugar backbone. The energy released from the respiration of Glucose is used to add inorganic phosphate groups to ADP to form ATP. Below is a diagram of ATP. The first step in the production of ATP and the store of energy is Glycolysis, which occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
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eng_Latn
| 29,733 |
Why is ATP used as the energy currency in cells
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Free Energy from Hydrolysis of ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life and it provides that energy for most biological processes by being converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). Since the basic reaction involves a water molecule, this reaction is commonly referred to as the hydrolysis of ATP.denosine Triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do.
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ATP. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, or ATP, is the principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells. It is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell and can be compared to storing money in a bank.
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eng_Latn
| 29,734 |
what does atp do
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Adenosine Triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do.denosine Triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do.
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Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, or ATP, is the principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells. It is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell and can be compared to storing money in a bank. ATP can be used to store energy for future reactions or be withdrawn to pay for reactions when energy is required by the cell. Animals store the energy obtained from the breakdown of food as ATP.
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eng_Latn
| 29,735 |
what mechanism produces the most atp during cellular respiration
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The potential of NADH and FADH 2 is converted to more ATP through an electron transport chain with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation.tarting with glucose, 1 ATP is used to donate a phosphate to glucose to produce glucose 6-phosphate. Glycogen can be converted into glucose 6-phosphate as well with the help of glycogen phosphorylase. During energy metabolism, glucose 6-phosphate becomes fructose 6-phosphate.
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The pathways of cellular respiration include: 1. glycolysis, 2. conversion of acetyl-CoA, 3. Krebâs cycle & 4. electron transport. Electron transport is the most complex and productive pathway of cellular respiration. During aerobic respiration, the ETC produces 34 of the 38 ATP molecules obtained from every molecule of glucose. Continued ...
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eng_Latn
| 29,736 |
what is released from atp
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Quick Answer. Energy is released from ATP by the breaking of the phosphate bond, states the University of Illinois at Chicago. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, consists of a sugar called ribose, the molecule adenine and three phosphate groups.
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The energy stored in ATP can be released by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. Therefore, the energy is released when a phosphate group is re ⦠moved.
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eng_Latn
| 29,737 |
what are the products of oxidative phosphorylation
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Oxidative phosphorylation is a redox reaction in which electrons are transferred from donors to acceptors. This redox reaction releases energy which is used to produce ATP. Both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation involves formation of ATP. 2 But in substrate phosphorylation there is a direct transfer of phosphate group to Adenosine diphosphate to give adenoisine triphosphate and there is no direct transfer of phosphate group in oxidative phosphorylation.
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Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP.or another twenty years, the mechanism by which ATP is generated remained mysterious, with scientists searching for an elusive high-energy intermediate that would link oxidation and phosphorylation reactions. This puzzle was solved by Peter D. Mitchell with the publication of the chemiosmotic theory in 1961.
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eng_Latn
| 29,738 |
process is glucose converted into pyruvate
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The metabolic pathway of glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate by via a series of intermediate metabolites. Each chemical modification (red box) is performed by a different enzyme. Steps 1 and 3 consume ATP (blue) and steps 7 and 10 produce ATP (yellow).
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Glycolysis â the metabolic pathway that converts glucose (a type of sugar) into pyruvate â is the first major step of fermentation or respiration in cells. It is an ancient metabolic pathway that probably developed about 3.5 billion years ago, when no oxygen was available in the environment.
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eng_Latn
| 29,739 |
what is the name of the energy that a mitochondrion produces?
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Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelles that can be considered the power generators of the cell, converting oxygen and nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the chemical energy currency of the cell that powers the cell's metabolic activities. This process is called aerobic respiration and is the reason animals breathe oxygen.
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Oct 7, 2015. Mitochondrion convert food energy into cell energy for the cell to use. This provides energy for the ribosome to use. Ribosomes need energy to produce proteins. Clear with nice picture here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_gateway/living_growing/moleculesrev1.shtml.
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eng_Latn
| 29,740 |
most of the atp in cellular respiration is generated by
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Learning Objectives. We have just discussed two pathways in glucose catabolismâglycolysis and the Krebs cycleâthat generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. Most ATP, however, is generated during a separate process called oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs during cellular respiration.
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Asker's rating. Report Abuse. Try this: Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane.
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eng_Latn
| 29,741 |
what does atp mean
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Free Energy from Hydrolysis of ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life and it provides that energy for most biological processes by being converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). Since the basic reaction involves a water molecule, this reaction is commonly referred to as the hydrolysis of ATP.ree Energy from Hydrolysis of ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life and it provides that energy for most biological processes by being converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). Since the basic reaction involves a water molecule, this reaction is commonly referred to as the hydrolysis of ATP.
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What does atp stand for? atp stands for Association of Tennis Players. Q: A: How to abbreviate Association of Tennis Players? Association of Tennis Players can be abbreviated as atp. Q: A: What is the meaning of atp abbreviation? The meaning of atp abbreviation is Association of Tennis Players. Q: A: What is atp abbreviation? One of the definitions of atp is Association of Tennis Players. Q: A: What does atp mean? atp as abbreviation means Association of Tennis Players. Q: A: What is shorthand of Association of Tennis Players? The most common shorthand of Association of Tennis Players is atp.
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eng_Latn
| 29,742 |
what human cells produce co2
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The body can produce CO2, thanks to cellular respiration. The cells, in the body, utilize glucose C6H12O6 (or, sometimes, other molecules), and O2 to produce ATP (energy molecules), with water H2O and carbon dioxide CO2 as waste products.ATP is the main energy source for the majority of cellular functions.he body can produce CO2, thanks to cellular respiration. The cells, in the body, utilize glucose C6H12O6 (or, sometimes, other molecules), and O2 to produce ATP (energy molecules), with water H2O and carbon dioxide CO2 as waste products.
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In bacteria, carbon monoxide is produced via the reduction of carbon dioxide by the enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, an Fe-Ni-S -containing protein. CooA is a carbon monoxide sensor protein. The scope of its biological role is still unknown; it may be part of a signaling pathway in bacteria and archaea.ome processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct. Worldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere that generate about 5 Ã 10 kilograms per year.
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eng_Latn
| 29,743 |
Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle?
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The Krebs cycle, which is also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, is part of a series of chemical reactions that organisms use to break food down into a form of energy that cells can use.
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Citric Acid Cycle-Overview of the Citric Acid Cycle. The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as the Krebs Cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle. It is a series of chemical reactions that takes place in the cell that breaks down food molecules into carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
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eng_Latn
| 29,744 |
what is adenosine triphosphate molecules
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This molecule is produced, and broken down, in metabolic processes in all living systems. Article Summary: Adenosine triphosphate is a power-packed nucleotide that the body's cells just can't live without. Here's a summary of what ATP is and how it works. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Energy Nucleotide. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). SPO VIRTUAL ....
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Adenosine triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide, also called a nucleoside triphosphate, is a small molecule used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often referred to as the molecular unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer.
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eng_Latn
| 29,745 |
an enzyme what is molecule
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Enzymes are protein molecules in cells which work as catalysts. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the body, but do not get used up in the process. Almost all biochemical reactions in living things need enzymes. With an enzyme, chemical reactions go much faster than they would without the enzyme. p39
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Enzymes are soluble protein molecules that can speed up chemical reactions in cells. These reactions include respiration [respiration: Chemical change that takes place inside living cells, which uses glucose and oxygen to produce the energy organisms need to live.
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eng_Latn
| 29,746 |
the vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme nad is
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Niacin is also involved in the synthesis of protein, fat, and pentoses needed for nucleic acid formation. Niacin is a major constituent of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).These compounds function to remove hydrogen atoms during biological reactions.iacin is also involved in the synthesis of protein, fat, and pentoses needed for nucleic acid formation. Niacin is a major constituent of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups.hese preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.
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eng_Latn
| 29,747 |
energy is released when atp is broken down into adp.
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ATP hydrolysis. ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (Pi).
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ATP to ADP-Energy Release. This is done by a simple process, in which one of the phosphate molecules is broken off, therefore reducing the ATP from 3 phosphates to 2, forming ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate after removing one of the phosphates {Pi}).
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eng_Latn
| 29,748 |
what is responsible for generating atp during chemiosmosis
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This process is related to osmosis, the diffusion of water across a membrane, which is why it is called chemiosmosis. ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. It allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate (ADP), making ATP. The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in mitochondria, chloroplasts as well as in most bacteria and archaea.
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This process is related to osmosis, the diffusion of water across a membrane, which is why it is called chemiosmosis. ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. It allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the kinetic energy to phosphorylate ADP, making ATP.n most cases the proton motive force is generated by an electron transport chain which acts as a proton pump, using the energy of electrons from an electron carrier (Gibbs free energy of redox reactions) to pump protons (hydrogen ions) out across the membrane, separating the charge across the membrane.
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eng_Latn
| 29,749 |
which process does NOT release energy from glucose
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user 5 which process does not release energy from glucose 1 point glycolysis photosynthesis fermentation cellular respirationweegy d photosythesis please rate good jayden2012 points 0 user 6which of the following is produced during both anaerobic and aerobic respirationser 5 which process does not release energy from glucose 1 point glycolysis photosynthesis fermentation cellular respirationweegy d photosythesis please rate good jayden2012 points 0 user 6
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The reactions of glycolysis start the energy-releasing process by splitting one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Textbook Reading Assignment: Page 123. As indicated earlier, most of the energy in food is stored in the chemical bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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eng_Latn
| 29,750 |
what is the meaning of atp
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(2) An organic compound composed of adenosine (an adenine ring and a ribose sugar) and three phosphate groups, hence, the name. Supplement. ATP is a nucleotide that contains a large amount of chemical energy stored in its high-energy phosphate bonds.It releases energy when it is broken down (hydrolyzed) into ADP (or Adenosine Diphosphate). The energy is used for many metabolic processes.TP is a nucleotide that contains a large amount of chemical energy stored in its high-energy phosphate bonds. It releases energy when it is broken down (hydrolyzed) into ADP (or Adenosine Diphosphate). The energy is used for many metabolic processes.
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ATP. n. 1. (Biochemistry) adenosine triphosphate; a nucleotide found in the mitochondria of all plant and animal cells. It is the major source of energy for cellular reactions, this energy being released during its conversion to ADP.Formula: C10H16N5O13P3.. (Biochemistry) adenosine triphosphate; a nucleotide found in the mitochondria of all plant and animal cells. It is the major source of energy for cellular reactions, this energy being released during its conversion to ADP. Formula: C10H16N5O13P3.
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eng_Latn
| 29,751 |
what form of energy is atp?
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Energy within a cell exists in the form of chemical energy. A source of this chemical energy is a. compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP when changed to a compound called. adenosine diphosphate (ADP) releases energy for biological work in a cell. ADP can be changed. to ATP, but this reaction requires energy. During cell respiration, energy made available from. the breakdown of glucose is used to change ADP to ATP. In this investigation, you will. (a) use paper models to construct molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine. diphosphate (ADP).
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A reaction that is at equilibrium is not capable of doing any work. Select the highest energy form of adenosine from the following images. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the high-energy form of adenosine because it contains the most phosphate groups (three).
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eng_Latn
| 29,752 |
what is atp and it's function
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ADP and ATP are like batteries because they store energy in the chemical bonds they contain. ADP has only two phosphate groups (and fewer bonds), so it's like a par- tially charged battery. ATP has three phos- phate groups, so it is like a fully charged battery and has more bonds available for energy storage. 2.A.
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ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It is a molecule found in the cells of living organisms. It is said to be very important because it transports the energy necessary for all cellular metabolic activities.It is dubbed as the universal unit of energy for living organisms. Without ATP, various metabolic activities in the human body cannot take place.n yeasts, ATP is also involved in the fermentation process. In small organisms like fungi, ATP helps in the respiration process. With its various functions in important cellular activities of living organisms, ATP is considered an essential molecule. If you like this article or our site.
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eng_Latn
| 29,753 |
what is atp testing
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This is a question that goes through the minds of those exploring the world of biochemistry. In simple terms, ATP testing as the name suggests involves the testing of ATP. ATP is an particle found in every living cell and is responsible for providing the energy for different physiological processes. ATP is found both around the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm in each cell.
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Microsoft Exchange Online Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) is a cloud-based email. filtering service that helps protect your organization against unknown malware and viruses. by providing robust zero-day protection, and includes features to help safeguard. your organization from harmful links in real-time.
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eng_Latn
| 29,754 |
what produces atp aerobically
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Overall, the aerobic respiration process can, in theory, produce up to 36 energy-storing molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose, as compared with just two for anaerobic respiration, making it a much more energy-efficient process.
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The aerobic system produces far more ATP than either of the other energy systems but it produces the ATP much more slowly, therefore it cannot fuel intense exercise that demands the fast production of ATP.he aerobic system produces far more ATP than either of the other energy systems but it produces the ATP much more slowly, therefore it cannot fuel intense exercise that demands the fast production of ATP.
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eng_Latn
| 29,755 |
what is an important function of mitochondria
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However, the mitochondrion has many other functions in addition to the production of ATP. Energy conversion A dominant role for the mitochondria is the production of ATP, as reflected by the large number of proteins in the inner membrane for this task.
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The main function of mitochondria is to metabolize or break down carbohydrates and fatty acids in order to generate energy. Eukaryotic cells use energy in the form of a chemical molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
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eng_Latn
| 29,756 |
what is the name of the electron carrier in photosynthesis?
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NADH is the electron carrier that stores energy used to make ATP. It is a naturally-occurring and vital compound found in all living cells of plants, animals, and humans.
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The water compartment inside the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen. The water area outside of the thylakoid, but still within the chloroplast, is the stroma. Photosynthesis occurs in two sets of reactions that are linked by electron carrier molecules (NADP+/NADPH) and ADP/ATP. The two reactions go by several names. I'll be sticking to light reactions and Calvin cycle.
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eng_Latn
| 29,757 |
what process makes most atp
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Fermintation only makes 2 ATP glycolysis only makes 2 ATP the krebs cycle only makes 2 ATP, BUT the ETC (electron transport chain) makes 28 mol ATP your answer is E my friend. Source(s): My mighty biological brain (plus the 5 yrs at uni and working as a teacher!). NBKWolverine · 7 years ago. Thumbs up.
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The potential of NADH and FADH2 is converted to more ATP through an electron transport chain with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane.
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eng_Latn
| 29,758 |
what does atp mean in sanitation monitoring system
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But as obvious as the advantages of using an ATP detection system seem to be, I routinely spend a lot of time with food safety professionals to help them understand what ATP detection systems cannot do well.â What ATP Sanitation Monitoring Systems Detect. ATP is the energy source in all living cells. Since virtually all of the food and beverages produced were once living, they contain ATP. Microbiological organisms, like bacteria, yeast and mold, also contain ATP.
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Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann,[1] is a multifunctional nucleotide primarily known in biochemistry as the molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer. In this role ATP transports chemical energy within cells. It is produced as an energy source during the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose (ribose).
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eng_Latn
| 29,759 |
what organelle is the site of atp production?
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The primary site for ATP production is the mitochondria. There are a few ATP produced in the cytosol as a result of the Kreb cycle, but those are very few compared to those produced in the mitochondria. The primary site for ATP production is the mitochondria.
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See The Structure Of A Mitochondrion Chloroplast: Membrane-bound organelle and the site of photosynthesis and ATP production in autotrophic plant cells. Like mitochondria, chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA molecules.
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eng_Latn
| 29,760 |
is adp a high-energy molecule?
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ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) also contains high energy bonds located between each phosphate group. It has the same structure as ATP, with one less phosphate group. The same three reasons that ATP bonds are high energy apply to ADP's bonds.
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ATP is a molecule with a lot of chemical energy. ATP stands for Adenosine Tri Phosphate, and that third phosphate is bonded to the other two with a very high energy bond, so a lot of energy is released when that bond is broken.When the third phosphate is removed from ATP, you get ADP, which stands for Adenosine Di Phosphate.With just 2 phosphates left, the molecule has much less chemical energy, because the high energy bond between the last 2 phosphates has been broken.hen the third phosphate is removed from ATP, you get ADP, which stands for Adenosine Di Phosphate. With just 2 phosphates left, the molecule has much less chemical energy, because the high energy bond between the last 2 phosphates has been broken.
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eng_Latn
| 29,761 |
processes are involved in carbohydrate catabolism
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Carbohydrate Catabolism. A common theme in the metabolism of biomolecules, especially for those which are used as primary sources of energy (i.e. carbohydrates and fat), is the existence of pathways for catabolism and anabolism (biosynthesis).
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Protein catabolism is the breakdown of the proteins into the amino acids which are the basic constituents of the protein. In digestion process the proteins get converted into amino acids and used for the repair and building process of cells.
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eng_Latn
| 29,762 |
oxidative phosphorylation is also known as
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The process that accounts for the high ATP yield is known as oxidative phosphorylation. A quick examination of Equations 5-7 shows that glycolysis and the citric-acid cycle generate other products besides ATP and GTP, namely NADH and FADH2 (blue).e have seen that the electron-transport chain generates a large proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. But recall that the ultimate goal of oxidative phosphorylation is to generate ATP to supply readily-available free energy for the body.
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Oxidative phosphorylation is the culmination of a series of energy transformations that are called cellular respiration or simply respiration in their entirety. First, carbon fuels are oxidized in the citric acid cycle to yield electrons with high transfer potential.ndeed, the unraveling of the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation has been one of the most challenging problems of biochemistry. The flow of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O 2 through protein complexes located in the mitochondrial inner membrane leads to the pumping of protons out of the mitochondrial matrix.
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eng_Latn
| 29,763 |
where is the electron transport chain
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The Protein Complexes of the Electron Transport Chain. Many years of effort have been devoted to the study of the remarkable processes in the mitochondria. The electron transport chain is the final stage of aerobic respiration leading to the forming of ATP in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The emergent picture is that of coupled reactions through five protein structures associated with that inner membrane.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The electron transport chain in the cell is the site of oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes. The NADH and succinate generated in the citric acid cycle are oxidized, releasing energy to power the ATP synthase.
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eng_Latn
| 29,764 |
what is the total amount of atp made from one glucose
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In aerobic respiration, 36 or 38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose, depending on how many are gained through the electron transfer system.
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Total Theoretical Maximum Number of ATP Generated per Glucose in Prokaryotes 38 ATP: 4 from substrate-level phosphorylation; 34 from oxidative phosphorylation. In eukaryotic cells, the theoretical maximum yield of ATP generated per glucose is 36 to 38, depending on how the 2 NADH generated in the cytoplasm during glycolysis enter the mitochondria and whether the resulting yield is 2 or 3 ATP per NADH. QUIZ YOURSELF ON THIS SECTION; RETURN TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION TABLE OF CONTENTS; GO TO ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
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eng_Latn
| 29,765 |
during the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of atp is
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After aerobic respiration, 38 ATP molecules are produced from the consumption of one glucose molecule (but two of these ATP molecules are consumed by glycolysis). The net gain of the process is then 36 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
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For simple fermentations, the metabolism of one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate has a net yield of two molecules of ATP. Most cells will then carry out further reactions to 'repay' the used NAD + and produce a final product of ethanol or lactic acid.
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eng_Latn
| 29,766 |
Outputs for Cellular Respiration
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The three final products are carbon dioxide, water, and energy. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Cellular respiration is a cellular process that requires oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide in order to obtain energy for the organism.
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Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.lthough there is a theoretical yield of 38 ATP molecules per glucose during cellular respiration, such conditions are generally not realized due to losses such as the cost of moving pyruvate (from glycolysis), phosphate, and ADP (substrates for ATP synthesis) into the mitochondria.
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eng_Latn
| 29,767 |
what stage is glucose used in cellular respiration
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ATP, a high energy molecule, is expended by working cells. Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. There are three main stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis. Glycolysis literally means splitting sugars. Glucose, a six carbon sugar, is split into two molecules of a three carbon sugar. Glycolysis takes place in the cell's cytoplasm. Glucose and oxygen are supplied to cells by the bloodstream. In the process of glyoclysis, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of pyruvic acid and two high energy electron carrying molecules of NADH are produced. Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is the first stage of aerobic cellular respiration. Without oxygen, glycolysis allows cells to make small amounts of ATP. This process is called anaerobic respiration or fermentation.
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For a cell to go through the process of cellular respiration, it must use glucose as an initial source of energy. There are two phases of cellular respiration: glycolysis, whereby glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid, and the oxidation of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water. In both phases of cellular respiration, adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, an energy source, is also released. While glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of cells, the rest of the process of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
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eng_Latn
| 29,768 |
Nad is also called
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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. (NAD; also called diphosphopyridine nucleotide, or DPN; obsolete terms, cozymase, coenzyme I, and codehydrogenase I), a coenzyme present in all living cells. NAD is a member of a group of enzymesâthe dehydrogenasesâthat catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions.
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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is a dinucleotide that functions as one of the most important coenzymes in the cell. The interconversion of NAD between the reduced (NADH) and oxidized (NAD+) forms is a common reaction in biological redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions. In cells, most oxidations are accomplished by the removal of hydrogen atoms. Each molecule of NAD+ can acquire two electrons; that is, be reduced by two electrons.
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eng_Latn
| 29,769 |
formation of atp catabolism
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In stage II, these monomer units (or building blocks) are further broken down through different reaction pathways, one of which produces ATP, to form a common end product that can then be used in stage III to produce even more ATP. In this chapter, we will look at each stage of catabolismâas an overview and in detail.
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Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: ATP is formed by the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule of adenosine diphosphate (ADP); or to state it in chemical terms, by the phosphorylation of ADP.
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eng_Latn
| 29,770 |
how many atp are made from acetyl coa
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Thus, in total, from each round of the citric acid cycle approximately 10 molecules of ATP are produced. Cycle activity is controlled by the availability of substrate(acetyl-sCoA) and at key irreversible steps.
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No ATP are produced in this step, but 2 NADH (from NAD+) are produced. Kreb's Cycle: 1 molecule of Acetyl CoA produces 2 CO2. (The Kreb's Cycle turns twice for every molecule of glucose) 2 ATP are produced from ADP, as is 6 NADH (from NAD+) and 2 FADH2 (from FAD+).(1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 from one molecule of glucose) Electron Transport Chain: The 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 produced in the earlier reactions are oxidized back into NAD+ and FAD+.The Kreb's Cycle turns twice for every molecule of glucose) 2 ATP are produced from ADP, as is 6 NADH (from NAD+) and 2 FADH2 (from FAD+). (1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 from one molecule of glucose) Electron Transport Chain: The 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 produced in the earlier reactions are oxidized back into NAD+ and FAD+.
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eng_Latn
| 29,771 |
where does the krebs cycle occur?
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Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of the cell. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol and cytoplasm are the same thing.) Cytosol is the liquid inside of thâ¦e Cytoplasm, or the soluble portion of the Cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle of reactions takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
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Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of the cell. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol and cytoplasm are the same thing.) Cytosol is the liquid inside of th ⦠e Cytoplasm, or the soluble portion of the Cytoplasm.The Krebs cycle of reactions takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.1 The Five Major Parts of the Brain At its most basic, the brain controls the body. 2 Electrical impulses are sent along the nervous system to and from the brain that regulate all movement. 3 The brain and the nervâ¦.he Krebs cycle of reactions takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. 1 The Five Major Parts of the Brain At its most basic, the brain controls the body.
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eng_Latn
| 29,772 |
is atp a chemical
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In order for us to blink and think, we need the energy that ATP supplies to our cells. ATP is responsible for the energy needed to perform muscle contractions, nerve impulses, metabolism functions, and other various life sustaining functions. It supplies the energy for chemical and mechanical reactions in every cell. ATP is found in the cytoplasm of the cell. The cytoplasm is the gel-type filler of the cell where all of the organelles of the cell hang out. This location makes sense because the ATP needs to be near all of the cell parts so that it can supply them with the energy they need for chemical and mechanical reactions.
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The chemical equation of ATP is : ATP + H2O --> ADP + Pi + Energy. ATP chemical reaction requires enzyme to occur. Also ATP is rechargeable, but it requires energy to convert ATP product (ADP) back to ATP. This process occurs during cellular respiration.
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eng_Latn
| 29,773 |
what does atp do for the cell
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ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.TP is consumed in the cell by energy-requiring (endergonic) processes and can be generated by energy-releasing (exergonic) processes. In this way ATP transfers energy between spatially separate metabolic reactions. ATP is the main energy source for the majority of cellular functions.
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (shown in Figure 1) is the main molecule used for energy transfers and transport within cells. It is also one of the monomers used in the synthesis of RNA and, after it is converted to deoxyATP (dATP), in the synthesis of DNA.
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eng_Latn
| 29,774 |
where is atp formed in a cell
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Making the world better, one answer at a time. In eukaryotic cells, in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria. A small amount (2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose) is formed in the cytoplasm.The process is called glycolysis, and does not require oxygen. If oxygen is available, pyruvate formed during glycolysis enters the mitochondria and is there oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.The yield of ATP varies, but is probably a little below 30 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule.aking the world better, one answer at a time. In eukaryotic cells, in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria. A small amount (2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose) is formed in the cytoplasm.
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ATP is produced. occurs at the ATP synthase molecule in the thylakoid membrane. The production of ATP occurs because a concentration buildup of H+ occurs across the thylakoid membrane. Thinking about the main role of pigments, explain how the pigments in colored objects such as clothes differs from plant pigments.
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eng_Latn
| 29,775 |
what are the parts of atp
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Its Structure. The ATP molecule is composed of three components. At the centre is a sugar molecule, ribose (the same sugar that forms the basis of RNA). Attached to one side of this is a base (a group consisting of linked rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms); in this case the base is adenine. The other side of the sugar is attached to a string of phosphate groups. These phosphates are the key to the activity of ATP.
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Paul Andersen explains the structure, function and importance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). He begins by describing the specific structure of the molecule and its three main parts: adenine, ribose sugar, and phosphate groups.He explains how energy can be stored in ATP and released through hydrolysis to ADP and Pi.e begins by describing the specific structure of the molecule and its three main parts: adenine, ribose sugar, and phosphate groups. He explains how energy can be stored in ATP and released through hydrolysis to ADP and Pi.
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eng_Latn
| 29,776 |
describe atp prezi
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ATP is a high energy compound made up of one adenosine molecule attached to 3 phosphate molecules, the molecules are then bound together by the high energy bonds. There are only a few steps in the ATP-PC which is why it provides energy so quickly, they are: (courtesy of http://www.ptdirect ...ow does the ATP-PC system work? The ATP-PC system is the most important out of all the 3 energy systems, it provides you with the most power because it produces ATP more quickly than any of the other 3 systems and because of this it is essential in sporting exercises like 20m, 40m and 100m sprint activities.
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Adenosine triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide (also called a nucleoside triphosphate) and is a small molecule used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often referred to as the molecular unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
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ron_Latn
| 29,777 |
most of the atp production during cellular respiration occurs __________.
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This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP from ADP and a phosphate group. Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidised glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system).
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Oxidative phosphorylation is the step of cellular respiration that produces the most ATP. The process that uses energy stored in a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane ⦠to drive ATP synthase is chemiosmosis.Judy Olmsted.he Electron Transport process is the third process in cell respiration, it requires oxygen directly. The electron transport chain is a series of electron carriers in the me ⦠mbrane of the mitochondria.
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eng_Latn
| 29,778 |
most of the atp made during cellular respiration is produced in which organelle?
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Which organelle produces most of the ATP needed by a cell? The organelle which produces Adenosine Tri-Phosphate in both plants and animals is the mitochondrion or, more accurately, mitochondria because there are usually many of them i ⦠n each cell. In plants, the other organelle which produces its own ATP from sunlight is the Chloroplast.
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The process of aerobic cellular respiration takes place mostly inside of the mitochondria, an organelle that is known as the powerhouse of the cell. There are three main stages to get from food molecules to ATP: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
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eng_Latn
| 29,779 |
nadph definition photosynthesis
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In photosynthetic organisms, NADPH is produced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis.It is used as reducing power for the biosynthetic reactions in the Calvin cycle to assimilate carbon dioxide.n photosynthetic organisms, NADPH is produced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
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In plants [edit]. In photosynthetic organisms, NADPH is produced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis.It is used as reducing power for the biosynthetic reactions in the Calvin cycle to assimilate carbon dioxide.n plants [edit]. In photosynthetic organisms, NADPH is produced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
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eng_Latn
| 29,780 |
what is the process by which NAD+ is converted to NADH?
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.he balance between the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is called the NAD + /NADH ratio. This ratio is an important component of what is called the redox state of a cell, a measurement that reflects both the metabolic activities and the health of cells.
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NAD is a coenzyme that when oxidized, produces NAD+. When NAD is reduced, NADH is the result. The biochemistry involved can be complex. But to simplify, NAD+ has a number of functions within and outside of cells â most notably it acts as an electron transport vehicle for energy production within the cellsâ mitochondria.
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eng_Latn
| 29,781 |
explain why the citric acid cycle is called a cycle
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The citric acid cycle is a key metabolic pathway that unifies carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. The reactions of the cycle are carried out by 8 enzymes that completely oxidize acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, into two molecules each of carbon dioxide and water. The citric acid cycle begins with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to form a six-carbon compound (citrate).
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The initiating step of the citric acid cycle occurs when a four carbon compound (oxaloacetic acid) condenses with acetyl CoA (2 carbons) to form citric acid (6 carbons). The whole purpose of a turn of the citric acid cycle is to produce two carbon dioxide molecules.he initiating step of the citric acid cycle occurs when a four carbon compound (oxaloacetic acid) condenses with acetyl CoA (2 carbons) to form citric acid (6 carbons). The whole purpose of a turn of the citric acid cycle is to produce two carbon dioxide molecules.
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eng_Latn
| 29,782 |
does oxidative phosphorylationf require oxygen
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Answers. Best Answer: That is precisely what it requires as also denoted by the word oxidative phosphorylation. It happens through the electron transport chain process and the proton gradient it creates. Substrate level phosphorylation does not require oxygen, it occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.Source(s): greendawn · 7 years ago.t happens through the electron transport chain process and the proton gradient it creates. Substrate level phosphorylation does not require oxygen, it occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Source(s): greendawn · 7 years ago.
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Fructose-l ,6-diphosphate (F-l, 6-P) was oxidized very slowly. The oxygen consumption with G-6-P continued beyond 7 hours and resulted in 3.5 to 5.5 PM of oxygen uptake per 0 I 2 3 40 I 2 3 4 HOURS FIG. 1. Oxidation of various substrates by a sonic extract of P. suorescens.
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eng_Latn
| 29,783 |
which molecules can enter the krebs cycle?
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Also during the Krebs cycle, the two carbon atoms of acetyl-CoA are released, and each forms a carbon dioxide molecule. Thus, for each acetyl-CoA entering the cycle, two carbon dioxide molecules are formed. Two acetyl-CoA molecules enter the cycle, and each has two carbon atoms, so four carbon dioxide molecules will form. Add these four molecules to the two carbon dioxide molecules formed in the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA, and it adds up to six carbon dioxide molecules.
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At the end of the Krebs cycle, the final product is oxaloacetic acid. This is identical to the oxaloacetic acid that begins the cycle. Now the molecule is ready to accept another acetyl-CoA molecule to begin another turn of the cycle.
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eng_Latn
| 29,784 |
what molecules are made in glycolysis
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This process recycles NADH to NAD + so that NAD + can be reused in glycolysis. At the end of the ETC, water (H 2 O) and ATP is made. Depending on how many NADH molecules are available, the electron transport chain makes a total of 32 or 34 ATP.
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glycolysis occurs in the cytosol & doesn't require O. glycolysis is the enzymatic conversion of glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules which move into the mitochondrion for further breakdown. small amounts of NADH & ATP are made during glycolysis.
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eng_Latn
| 29,785 |
what is the metabolism in plants
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Plant metabolism. The complex of physical and chemical events of photosynthesis, respiration, and the synthesis and degradation of organic compounds.
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Phosphorus, an essential macronutrient. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements for plant growth and metabolism. It plays key roles in many plant processes such as energy metabolism, the synthesis of nucleic acids and membranes, photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen fixation and enzyme regulation (Raghothama, 1999).
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eng_Latn
| 29,786 |
energy carrier definition
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Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: energy carrier (Noun). A substance or phenomenon that can be used to produce mechanical work or heat or to operate chemical or physical processes (ISO 13600).
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Report Abuse. 1 Energy Carrier Molecules. 2 i guess it is typical in cells to couple energy releasing catabolic pathways with anabolic reactions. and i think ATP is the primary energy-carrier molecule in cells. 3 ATP Adenosine triphosphate. The 1 mitochondria. atpm.
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eng_Latn
| 29,787 |
can chemical reactions produce atp
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The oxidative chemical reactions of respiration release energy, some of which is heat and some of it is captured in the form of high energy compunds such as Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Nicotinamide adenide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).
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1 Chemically, ATP is an adenine nucleotide bound to three phosphates. 2 There is a lot of energy stored in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups that can be used to fuel chemical reactions. 3 When a cell needs energy, it breaks this bond to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate molecule.
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eng_Latn
| 29,788 |
what do our muscles cells use for energy
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Cells, like humans, cannot generate energy without locating a source in their environment. However, whereas humans search for substances like fossil fuels to power their homes and businesses, cells seek their energy in the form of food molecules or sunlight.
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However, that is not the type of energy cells use to function. Instead they use a molecule called Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to keep themselves going. The cells, therefore, must have a way to take the chemical energy stored in food and transform it into the ATP they need to function.
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eng_Latn
| 29,789 |
what are enzyme
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Enzymes are protein molecules in cells which work as catalysts. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the body, but do not get used up in the process. Almost all biochemical reactions in living things need enzymes. With an enzyme, chemical reactions go much faster than they would without the enzyme.p39.
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Full Definition of ENZYME. : any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures. See enzyme defined for English-language learners. See enzyme defined for kids.
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eng_Latn
| 29,790 |
are there enzymes in mitochondria
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Mitochondrial matrix also consists of a wide variety of enzymes for kreb s cycle, amino acid metabolism, protein metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. Mitochondrial DNA found in the matrix is found in multiple copies from 40 to 60 or more.itochondrial matrix is also involved in citric acid cycle, where energy rich co-enzymes like FADH2 and NADH2 are produced. They are then taken up by cristae membranes, where they are step wisely and sequentially oxidized. During this process, the energy released is used for the synthesis of ATP.
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Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP. Acetyl coenzyme A; the entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
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eng_Latn
| 29,791 |
how atp is made during glycolysis
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Best Answer: a) by the transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of sugar to ADP. ATP is produced during glycolysis through substrate-level phosphorylation; producing ATP using ATP synthase in mitochondria is through oxydative phosphorylation, and in plants, it's called photophosphorylation, using light to produce ATP. They use ATP synthase, very similar to that in mitochondria; but plant ATP synthase is located in the membrane of chlorplast!
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ATP is consumed in glycolysis to convert glucose to pyruvate, and produced in electron transport chain. Cellular respiration consists of three parts in order: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. Glycolysis involves total of 10 steps. Out of those, step 1 and 3 use ATP. In step 1, hexokinase (HK) take a phosphate from ATP and add the phosphate to glucose to create glucose-6-phosphate. Because a phosphate is taken out, ATP becomes ADP. In step 3, phosphofructokinase (PFK) take a phosphate from ATP and add the phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate to create fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Electron transport chain consists of many steps as well. Out of those, the last step produces ATP.
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eng_Latn
| 29,792 |
what energy system is used for short but powerful movement
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The first system is the Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the immediate source for energy that is stored in muscle cells. As the phosphate is broken down (there are 3 of them for each molecule of ATP) energy is released. This system is only good for very quick and powerful movements.Then, ATP runs out and much be re-synthesized so the process can be repeated. Oxygen is not required for this to work, there are no waste products, but it is extremely short in duration. This system will last for about 0.5 minutes.his system is only good for very quick and powerful movements. Then, ATP runs out and much be re-synthesized so the process can be repeated. Oxygen is not required for this to work, there are no waste products, but it is extremely short in duration. This system will last for about 0.5 minutes.
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This type of energy is better known as a âFree Energy Generator.â In short, youâll be using the magnetic force of magnets to generate continuous motion (Energy). This way, youâll have enough free flowing energy to light-up your entire house. Stop being robbed by the energy power companies!
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eng_Latn
| 29,793 |
where is the energy located in molecule
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) , the energy currency or coin of the cell pictured in Figfures 1 and 2, transfers energy from chemical bonds to endergonic (energy absorbing) reactions within the cell.nergy is stored in the covalent bonds between phosphates, with the greatest amount of energy (approximately 7 kcal/mole) in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. This covalent bond is known as a pyrophosphate bond.
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Chapter 2 â The Molecules of Cells Why would atoms link up with one another? Most atoms are not stable by themselves due to the number of electrons that they carryRemember, electrons are located in energy shells with the following basic configuration:1. First energy shell can contain a maximum of 2 electrons 2.
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eng_Latn
| 29,794 |
what is the energy molecule more stable than atp
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High-energy phosphate can mean one of two things: 1 The phosphate-phosphate bonds formed when compounds such as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate are created.
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Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, or ATP, is the most abundant energy carrier molecule in cells. This molecule is made of a nitrogen base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. The word adenosine refers to the adenine plus the ribose sugar.
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eng_Latn
| 29,795 |
what helps regenerate atp
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ATP is regenerated from ADP and inorganic phosphate by an enzyme controlled process called phosphorylation. 3 people found this useful.
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Fueled by the metabolism of sugar, the ATP byproducts (ADP) are reconstituted into ATP molecules. Use of ATP energy requires no oxygen-when the ATP is depleted the muscle ⦠cells must use cellular respiration to obtain energy and once the muscle is at rest the ATP stores are replenished.
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eng_Latn
| 29,796 |
does a eukaryotic cell use atp
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Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed organelles distributed through the cytosol of most eukaryotic cells. Their number within the cell ranges from a few hundred to, in very active cells, thousands. Their main function is the conversion of the potential energy of food molecules into ATP.he energy released is trapped in the form of ATP for use by all the energy-consuming activities of the cell. 1 glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid. 2 the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
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Most eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, which produce ATP from products of the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid oxidation. At the mitochondrial inner membrane, electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through the electron transport chain to oxygen, which is reduced to water.
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eng_Latn
| 29,797 |
adenosine triphosphate definition for biology
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a compound consisting of the nucleotide adenosine (A) attached through its ribose group to three phosphoric acid molecules (P). Hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (D) releases energy.
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life and it provides that energy for most biological processes by being converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). Since the basic reaction involves a water molecule, this reaction is commonly referred to as the hydrolysis of ATP.
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eng_Latn
| 29,798 |
atp is used as what in living organisms
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Anabolic reactions build new molecules and/or store energy. The energy of catabolic reactions is used to drive anabolic reactions. The energy for chemical reactions is stored in ATP. Often when I ask students What is ATP the answer they give is Energy.
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the universal unit of energy used in all biological cells. This molecule is produced, and broken down, in metabolic processes in all living systems. Article Summary: Adenosine triphosphate is a power-packed nucleotide that the body's cells just can't live without. Here's a summary of what ATP is and how it works. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Energy Nucleotide. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). SPO VIRTUAL CLASSROOMS.
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eng_Latn
| 29,799 |
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