question
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list | id
stringlengths 1
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⌀ | popular_answer_id
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "82311",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to\n[wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_honorifics#Sensei_and_hakase),\n博士 (hakase) is used as honorific when addressing some academics:\n\n> Sensei (先生、せんせい) [...] is used to refer to or address teachers, doctors,\n> politicians, lawyers. [...] The term is not generally used when addressing a\n> person with very high academic expertise the one used instead is hakase (博士,\n> lit. \"Doctor\" or \"PhD\").\n\nHowever, this really does not match my experience from when I was in Japan. I\nnever heard anybody refer to a person holding a PhD as 博士, especially not for\nprofessors where 先生 was always used. That said, maybe this was owing to the\nmore international setting I was in.\n\nI'm wondering in which settings 博士 is actually used as a honorific, if at all,\nor if the information on Wikipedia is simply outdated or incorrect.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-26T12:31:40.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82310",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-26T13:55:00.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40731",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "When is 博士 (hakase) used as honorific?",
"view_count": 2860
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your observation is correct. In real life, people almost always use ○○先生 or\n○○さん rather than ○○博士. Calling someone ○○博士 or 博士 is something we see in\nfiction (e.g.,\n[オーキド博士](https://pokemon.fandom.com/wiki/Professor_Oak_\\(anime\\)) in Pokémon)\nand educational TV programs. ○○教授 is sometimes used in real academic fields.\n\n * [博士号を持つ人を、本当に「博士」と呼びますか？](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14121108639)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-26T13:55:00.690",
"id": "82311",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-26T13:55:00.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82310",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
82310
|
82311
|
82311
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82334",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": ">\n> そんなに特殊なあれこれはしていないと思うのだけど……。「誰かがこのサイトを偽装しようとしています」と言われては、背景を調べずにokを押すわけにもいかない。こんなことをしている場合ではないのに。\n\nIm don’t understand the meaning to this part : `と言われては ` \nThis might be an answered question but I couldn’t find anything about it and\nmy best guess was it being a case of omitted いけない at first but it doesn’t seem\nto work here very well? besides I think that structure could only be used with\nnegative verbs? \nI’d be very happy if you could provide me with some hint in regards to the\nfunction of the said part that could help me understand the meaning as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-26T14:20:27.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82312",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T07:03:35.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39807",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "question about meaning of と言われては in this tweet",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "ては/では(/ちゃ/じゃ) is a \"conditional\" expression that is translated either as _if_\nor _because/when_. (Calling the latter \"conditional\" may seem\ncounterintuitive, but it is often useful to think they belong to one spectrum\nin Japanese. [ば](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72216/5010) is another\nexample of this.) In your case, 言われて is something that has already happened,\nto this ては is an emphatic \"because\". It can be translated using \"Now that ～\",\ntoo.\n\n * ～と言われては、背景を調べずにOKを押すわけにもいかない。 \nNow that I was told ～, I cannot press OK without checking the background.\n\n * こうなっては仕方がない。 \nNow that things have come to this, I have no choice (but to do this). [before\nplaying the final card]\n\n * そんなに泣かれちゃ、私も優しくしたくなるよ。 \nIf/Since you cry like that, I will want to be gentle to you.\n\nIt is often followed by undesirable consequences, as seen above.\n\n> ### [ては](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF/)\n>\n> ２ 反駁 (はんぱく)\n> ・感心などの強い感情をもたらす原因となる条件を示す。…たからには。「そこまで言われては黙っていられない」「これだけやっつけられては反論する気も起きない」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T06:41:27.477",
"id": "82334",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T07:03:35.403",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-27T07:03:35.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82312",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82312
|
82334
|
82334
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82333",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have noticed a recurring sentence pattern of Xのどこが好き/嫌い e.t.cですか？ meaning\nwhat do you like/hate about X. I was just wondering if anyone knows what exact\nfunction どこ is performing in this sentence. I think it means something like\n\"What do you like in X\" for example:\n\n犬のどこが好きですか？:What do you like in [or perhaps more accurately about] dogs?\n\nJust looking for a little bit more clarification and confirmation of my\nsuspicion. Any help would be much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-26T14:53:59.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82313",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T05:17:32.423",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Use of のどこが when asking about traits",
"view_count": 98
}
|
[
{
"body": "It simply has the same function as the _what_ in your English sentence, no\nstrings attached.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-26T22:22:42.707",
"id": "82320",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-26T22:22:42.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39516",
"parent_id": "82313",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "A more literal translation of 犬のどこが好きですか would be \"Which point of dogs do you\nlike?\" This is structurally similar to 日本のどこに行きたいですか (\"Which area of Japan do\nyou want to go to?\" or \"Where in Japan do you want to go?\").\n\nJust like 日本のどこ is \"where in Japan\", 犬のどこ is literally \"where in dogs\". This\nmay not make much sense in English, but this is how Japanese people ask about\na part, characteristics or aspect of dogs. This is natural because Japanese\nところ (\"place\") has much broader, abstract meanings. See [Meaning of ところ in\nアメリカのいいところ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23738/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T05:17:32.423",
"id": "82333",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T05:17:32.423",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82313",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82313
|
82333
|
82333
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I only know the grammar usage of ばかり as full of___ but I don't know how to\nparse this sentence.\n\n> 少しばかり しゃくですが",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-26T15:07:22.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82315",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T13:23:51.103",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-27T13:23:51.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "38996",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "usage of ばかり in this sentence",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "～ばかり has many functions, one of which is \"about ～\", \"to the extent of ～\". It\ncan form an adverbial expression.\n\n * 少しばかり(の): [no-adj, adv] a little\n * わずかばかり(の): [no-adj, adv] slight / slightly\n * ちょっとばかり(の): [no-adj, adv] a bit (of)\n * 3日ばかり待った。 \nI waited for **about** three days.\n\n * 10万円ばかり払えばいいパソコンが買える。 \nYou can buy a good computer if you pay 100,000 yen **or so**.\n\nPractically you can remember 少しばかり / わずかばかり / ちょっとばかり as set phrases that\nworks as an adverb.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T02:10:53.780",
"id": "82323",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T02:10:53.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82315",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82315
| null |
82323
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82328",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the below I am a bit confused by what the narrator means in the below. Part\nof what is confusing me is what is meant by 一枚のバインダー. I understand the\nsentence to mean something like \"The panoramic view from here is such that you\ncould fit them all in one binder\", but what does it mean by one binder?\n\n予想通り、小高い丘の上に建つ学園の屋上からの景色は絶景だった。駅前から始まるほぼ一本道の通学路、商店街に緑地公園、学園前にあるやや長めの坂。\n**どれも一枚のバインダーに収まるくらい** 、ここからの景色はすべてを一望できた。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-26T15:32:47.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82317",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T10:07:24.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40733",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of どれも一枚のバインダーに収まるくらい",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[
{
"body": "1枚のバインダーに収まるくらい makes little sense to me in this context, either. バインダー in\nJapanese normally refers to that ring binder used to bundle loose leaves.\nHowever, loose leaf binders are normally counted using **冊** , not 枚. In\naddition, a binder can contain hundreds of pictures, but you need something\nthat is **small** in this context:\n\n> ～に収まるくらいすべてを一望できた。 \n> I could watch everything in one view enough to be contained in ～. \n> (一望 = to have one view that contains everything in the scene. It usually\n> means \"panoramic/wide view\", but in this context it's about \"compact/at-a-\n> glance view\" like\n> [this](https://www.gettyimages.co.jp/detail/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F/young-woman-\n> in-melbourne-frames-skyline-into-\n> finger-%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8/610874650).)\n\nAssuming this バインダー is not a loose leaf binder.... so what is the thing 1)\nthat can be called or mistaken as バインダー, 2) that is inherently small, and 3)\nthat may be counted with 枚?\n\n * Maybe the author meant \"clipboard\"? Looks like バインダー is a rare synonym for this (I didn't know this, but see [this article](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E7%AE%8B%E6%8C%9F)).\n * Maybe the author meant ファインダー \"(camera) viewfinder\"?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T03:08:24.867",
"id": "82328",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T10:07:24.637",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-27T10:07:24.637",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82317
|
82328
|
82328
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82331",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To provide some context, the character speaking was fooled by their mother\ninto eating a cake that was supposedly \"not sweet\", but turned out to be very\nsweet(she doesn't like sweet things). The cake was called シュガーパレット.\n\n> まあ名前からしてシュガーだもんな。そりゃたぶん相当千歳が言うとおり甘いんだろ\n>\n> うん、あれは大変だった。 **流石に甘いとか言うレベルじゃなかった**\n\n甘いとか言うレベルじゃなかった, from context looks like she is saying like it was a 'level\nabove' sweet. However, I'm trying to understand how 流石に modifies this\nsentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-26T21:16:48.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82319",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T10:14:21.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40733",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 流石に甘いとか言うレベルじゃなかった",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "This type of 流石【さすが】 is hard to translate directly, but it adds the feeling of\n\"I want to be reserved but I still can say this in this case\", \"Something like\nthis may be usually OK/NG but this time it's exceptional\" or \"Although one may\nexpect otherwise based on previous experiences\". Depending on the context, it\nmay be translated using \"nonetheless\", \"still\", \"even\", \"no matter how you\nthink of it\", \"no matter what\", \"regardless\", \"after all\", \"I hate to say this\nbut\" and so on.\n\n * その発言は、流石に失礼ではありませんか。 \n(I usually don't say this but) Isn't that statement rude?\n\n * 彼は天才だが、流石にこの問題は解けないだろう。 \nHe's a genius, but even he won't be able to solve this problem.\n\n * 1日10ドルでは流石に生きていけないよ。 \nNo matter what, I can't live on $10 a day.\n\nIn your context, 甘いとか言うレベルじゃない (\"beyond sweet\", \"sweeter than what 'sweet' can\ndescribe\") was a strong expression the speaker wanted to avoid, but she still\nhad to say that, hence 流石に.\n\n流石 has various other usages. For example, depending on the context, さすがに美味しい\ncan mean both \"(He is an excellent cook, and as one can always expect) This\ntastes good\" and \"(He is usually a bad cook but this one is very easy to make,\nso) This tastes good\". See: <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/4816/5010>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T04:16:25.030",
"id": "82331",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T10:14:21.190",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-27T10:14:21.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82319",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
82319
|
82331
|
82331
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am at a loss, as this just makes no sense to me. I might have already\nforgotten some nuance of the language, but for an hour I tried to translate\nthis to something that makes sense, and was not able to. This is a sentence,\nwith no other context, so that's of no help either. Could also be that there\nare typos.\n\n娘、本を投げてパパに渡した事があって怒ったんです。\n\nWho does what in this sentence, who is angry, who throws the book and just\nwhat is going on here?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T00:48:47.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82321",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T11:37:36.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40736",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "娘、本を投げてパパに渡した事があって怒ったんです。 Can anyone explain what is going on in this sentence?",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "I reckon パパ would imply a familiar person is the subject of the sentence. So,\nit should be the mother of 娘.\n\nThe kids calling your parents パパ or ママ is a universal phenomena in the world.\n\nSo, the mother of the daughter should be angry due to her daughter throwing\nbooks away to the father. Other possibility regarding the subject is the\nrelative of 娘 because they are calling パパ, but without further context it's\nnot so natural interpretation.\n\n娘 **が**... makes the agent of throwing books clearer than 娘、... though, the\nsentence is understandable. I think attaching any possessive markers like\nうちの(i.e うちの娘、) or something makes the agent clearer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T01:41:15.733",
"id": "82322",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T01:41:15.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "82321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "This is a poorly-written sentence (see the comments), but the most natural\ninterpretation is:\n\n> 娘 **が** 本を投げてパパに渡した事があって、(私は)怒ったんです。 \n> My daughter once passed a book to her father by throwing it, which made me\n> mad.\n\n * The speaker's daughter threw the book to the speaker's daughter's father (i.e., the speaker's husband).\n * The speaker (\"I\") scolded her daughter (saying \"Don't treat books roughly!\").\n * As to why the speaker called her husband パパ, see: [When referring to herself, is there any pronoun other than お母さん when speaking to her children?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25947/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T11:37:36.023",
"id": "82336",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T11:37:36.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82321
| null |
82336
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82332",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "from this article: <https://nhkeasier.com/story/4248/>\n\nAs I understand it, より has the following usage:\n\nNより = rather than/compared to N\n\nso that in this sentence it would be something along the lines of: \n\"Compared to last year, which up until now had the highest, it (this year)\ndecreased by 15 people.\" \nBut from the context of the article, I don't think this is right, as this year\nshould have the highest number of people.\n\nWould appreciate if someone can explain where I am going wrong with my\nunderstanding of this grammar.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T02:16:30.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82324",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T05:33:44.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40737",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-より"
],
"title": "Usage of より in 今まででいちばん多かった前の年より１５人少なくなりましたが",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your understanding of より is fine; it just means \"than ～\" here. But you have\nmisunderstood 今まででいちばん多かった前の年. This says 2019 is the worst year in the\nprevious statistics, and the past tense is used simply because the statistics\nwas made in the past. However it does **not** imply this record has been\nalready broken. That is, as of today, 2019 is still the worst year, and 2020\nis the second worst year.\n\n(English past tense (\"was X\") tends to imply it is no longer X now, but\nJapanese past tense tends not to have this implication.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T04:59:44.913",
"id": "82332",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T05:33:44.017",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-27T05:33:44.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82324",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
82324
|
82332
|
82332
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "「子供たちに仕事ですか？」\n\n「心配しなくても危険な仕事とかじゃないから」\n\nI was reading a web novel and came across this sentences. For the second\nsentence, should I parse it as \"心配しなくてもいい\" and \"危険な仕事とかじゃないから\" as another\nclause? Because this makes more sense to me than just ても. Using a grammar\nguide as reference, なくてもいい means \"do not have to do ~\" or \"it is all right if\n~\". In this case, my rough translation of the sentence is \"It is all right if\nyou do not worry because I am not giving the children dangerous work to do\".\n(I am not sure if the author intentionally dropped the いい portion of なくてもいい\nthough).\n\nThis makes more sense than using \"ても\" which means \"even if/although\". If I\nwere to use this, it will be something like \"even if you do not worry, I am\nnot giving the children dangerous work to do\", which makes less sense than the\nformer.\n\nCould anyone check if my understanding is correct or not? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T03:06:10.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2022-04-20T02:58:44.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "In the following passage, why is it「ても」 instead of 「てもいい」?",
"view_count": 175
}
|
[
{
"body": "Although the primary meaning for 心配 is \"worry\" or \"concern\", it can also mean\n\"care; help; aid; assistance\" (see 2.\n[here](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%BF%83%E9%85%8D)). Therefore, the sentence\ncould be understood using this alternative meaning as follows:\n\n> 心配しなくても危険な仕事とかじゃないから。 Even if you don't assist/help/look after them, it's\n> not like a dangerous work [i.e. if you leave them do it on their own].\n\nSo, the ても would be \"even if/although\" as you comment in the last paragraph.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-04-20T02:55:41.043",
"id": "94191",
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{
"body": "> Using a grammar guide as reference, なくてもいい means \"do not have to do ~\" or\n> \"it is all right if ~\".\n\nThis is an expression that follows from putting the parts together. The な\ncomes from a negative ない conjugation, which is put into the connective form\nなくて. も is the usual non-contrastive topic marker: は is like \"for this topic,\non the other hand\", where も is \"also for this topic / in this case\". いい here\nis the usual i-adjective \"good\". \"you don't have to do X\" is a meaning that\ncomes from smoothing over \"it is also good in the case where you don't do X\"\ninto something that is actually reasonable to say in English. (Since English\ndoesn't have an intrinsic topic structure, the awkward translation uses extra\nwords to approximate those semantics.)\n\nThe ても in 心配しなくても indeed functions like でも which is usually analyzed as a\nsingle particle. The trick here is that - at least as far as I've been able to\nfigure out - the で in でも derives from the continuative form of だ, the copula.\nSo, in the same way that XでもYです can mean \"it's Y even if it's X\", we could use\nsome other verb in place of a copula: XしてもYです \"it's Y even after doing X\". And\nwe can negate that, per the usual conjugation rules: XしなくてもYです \"it's Y even\nafter not doing X\", or more naturally, \"it's Y even if (you) don't X\".\n\nAs noted, 心配 has other glosses besides \"worry\", such as \"care for\" or \"look\nafter\". Thus: even if you don't look after the kids (perhaps, help them out\nwith the work?), the work won't be dangerous for them (more literally, \"(it)\nwon't be something like dangerous work (for them), so...\").\n\nIf it instead said 心配しなくてもいい, the いい would complete a predicate, and there\nwould be nothing that works to connect it to the rest. We could possibly parse\nit as two separate sentences, with the から at the end of the second implying\nthat it's an explanation for the first. \"You don't need to worry. After all,\nit's not dangerous work for them.\" However, completely dropping a word like\nthat, without some indication of a pause, seems unlikely to me. も followed by\nmore words pretty strongly implies that も is a topic marker for the rest, not\nfor some implied predicate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2023-01-15T09:37:43.540",
"id": "98158",
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}
] |
82327
| null |
98158
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82350",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So far my perception had been that you write もの when it is used for\ngrammatical purposes, and 物 when an actual object is meant, but I've\nencountered many situation where even in the second case it is written in\nhiragana.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 「これは、いいものを見つけたよ。」\n\nor\n\n> 「これはいい物を見つけたよ。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T15:16:02.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82339",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T22:41:48.407",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-28T22:41:48.407",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "Is there a some general rule when to write 物/もの in kanji or hiragana?",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "「モノ」「もの」「物」, There is a reason to use for each of them in many situation, but\nfew people use them consciously. Therefore, there are many people who use them\nincorrectly. Some people use hiragana to soften the mood of a sentence.\n\nthere are general rule.\n\n * モノ： When it includes other meanings as well as the meaning of the kanji \n例：ヒト・モノ・カネ\n\n * もの： When used as abstract matters \n例：なにか温かいもの\n\n * 物： When it is visible substances \n例：箱の中の物\n\nThe following paper on katakana notation may be helpful. \n[カタカナ表記語の意味についての一考察](https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/141357/1/pls16_5Okugakiuti.pdf)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T09:02:54.403",
"id": "82350",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39141",
"parent_id": "82339",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
82339
|
82350
|
82350
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82346",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is a song by Kingo Hamada called\n[街のドルフィン](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ExDeIpzOHI) that frequently appears\non 80's city pop compilations. It seems to be a silly song about a young boy\nwho captures a dolphin and they swim together in the light of the milky way\n(roughly interpreting). At the end of each verse, Hamada sings these words:\n\n> ほらドルフィン ほらドルファン\n>\n> ほらドルフィン ドルファン ドルフォン\n\n(Which at the end of the song leads into a scat section frequently featured in\ninternet meme videos)\n\nMy question is why does he change the vowel in the word ドルフ **ィ** ン to ドルフ\n**ァ** ン and ドルフ **ォ** ン? Is he just playing around with the different ways the\nenglish word \"dolphin\" can be turned into Japanese with Katakana and still\nsound like the original word? Or is there some other joke being made here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T21:00:30.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82342",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T07:08:20.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22133",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Why ドルフィン, ドルファン and ドルフォン?",
"view_count": 787
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a wordplay analogous to \"holy moly\" or \"see you later alligator\". It's\ncompletely nonsense except that it sounds somewhat rhythmical and humorous.\nSee [地口](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%A3) for similar\nexamples. (Note that rhyming in its narrow sense is less important in\nJapanese.)\n\n( **EDIT** : Or maybe you can think of this as a \"prologue to the scat part\"\nsince scat consists of meaningless vocals.)\n\nTo be clear, ドルファン and ドルフォン are not \"different ways to write dolphin\". This\nEnglish word is always written as ドルフィン in katakana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T01:32:10.163",
"id": "82346",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T07:08:20.257",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-28T07:08:20.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82342",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
82342
|
82346
|
82346
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What's the difference between:\n\n> 俺に行こう \n> 俺に行って欲しい\n\nThey both mean \"you want me to go\". When should I use each of them?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T21:39:35.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82343",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-27T23:52:20.227",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-27T23:52:20.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "に+しよう and って欲しい in requesting",
"view_count": 73
}
|
[] |
82343
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82348",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm learning Japanese and just beginning to type.\n\nWhen I type `warusawa` in Romaji mode, this is what I see by default:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/r7ouM.png)\n\nBut what I want is this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jrCeh.png)\n\nIs it only possible by typing in Katakana mode? Or is `sa` not the correct\ninput for the digraph?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T07:05:10.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82347",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T08:27:52.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40724",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "How do you type Warsaw in Romaji?",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are right, `sa` is not the correct input. You need to type `sha` or `sya`\nto get シャ, meaning it's actually \"Warushawa\" - somewhat closer to Polish\npronunciation",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T08:27:52.537",
"id": "82348",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T08:27:52.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39017",
"parent_id": "82347",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82347
|
82348
|
82348
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I often see the two verbs 変わる and 似る used in their た-form when modifying nouns\nand I'm not really sure exactly how to make sense of them.\n\n変わる: e.g. as in 「変わった人」. Here I'm wondering why it's not just always「変わっている」\ninstead. I'm truly no expert, but I would have read 変わった人 as \"a person who\nchanged\" rather than \"a person who is different\".\n\n似た: e.g. as in 「似た者同士」. Like with 変わった, I would again have expected 似ている here.\n\nDoes this have something to do with the difference between static and punctual\nverbs?\n\nThanks for reading!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T08:48:43.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82349",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T08:48:43.977",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Explanation for 変わった and 似た as adjectivals",
"view_count": 95
}
|
[] |
82349
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82355",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 神無月とやらは大仰に礼をすると、興奮した調子で続けてきた。\n>\n> 「突然ですがお嬢さん！あなた、モデルになってみる気はありませんか！？」\n>\n> 「え……っ？」\n>\n> 急に発された言葉に、七罪は目を見開いた。\n>\n> 「も、モデル……って、あの、雑誌なんかに載ってる……？」\n>\n> 「はいッ！そのモデルです！」\n>\n> 神無月が力強くうなずいてくる。が、それに反して七罪は冷ややかに息を吐いた。\n>\n> なんと、モデル **ときたものだ** 。七罪はこちらの世界で見た雑誌やテレビを思い起こした。\n\nHi. The context is that 神無月 disguised himself as a producer and invited 七罪 to\nbe a model.\n\nQuestion: what is the function or meaning of the ときたものだ? I used to think the\nときたものだ has the nuance of 'add' or 'plus' and it is often used as a set phrase\nwith '～上に', 'おまけに', 'さらに', etc.\n\nBut this ときたものだ doesn’t seem to mean this. Could you please shed some light on\nthe phrase?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T14:14:16.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82353",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T17:11:49.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "What would be the function of the ときたものだ?",
"view_count": 308
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's とくる followed by exclamatory-ものだ.\n\n**～とくる (literally \"it comes out as ～):**\n\n * [use of ときては in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62422/5010)\n * [What does 「ときている」 mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24096/5010)\n * [What does the word 「とくら」 mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/35800/5010)\n\n**～ものだ/～もんだ for exclamation:**\n\n * [why ひどい神もいたもんだ means \"that's a mean god\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53893/5010)\n * [Meaning of こともあるもんです](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28809/5010)\n * [Function of に and meaning of ものだ in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17616/5010)\n * [What does \"もんだなって\" mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13035/5010)\n\nPut together, ～ときたものだ/～ときたもんだ works as a little cliched way of emphasizing,\nintroducing or repeating a surprising statement. In other words, it adds the\nfeeling of \"ta-dah\", \"lo and behold\" or \"holy crap\" to the sentence. \"On top\nof that\" is also usable when this expression comes at the end of a list, but\nit does not have the meaning of \"in addition\" by itself.\n\n * どこにいるのか聞いたら「家で寝てました」ときたもんだ。 \nI asked where he was, and believe it or not, he was like \"I was sleeping at\nhome\"!\n\n * (sales talk) この包丁がたった3000円と来たもんだ、さあ買っていけ！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T14:37:58.277",
"id": "82355",
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] |
82353
|
82355
|
82355
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Especially in the context of this sentence:\n\n> およそ二十キロ四方の巨大な湖は、ひっくり返した瓢簞のような形をしており、上の湖と下の湖に分かれている。\n\nTo my understanding, this sentence translates as \"This lake was approximately\ntwenty square kilometers in size, and resembled an inverted gourd, divided\ninto an upper and lower lake.\" But I've seen a translation which said \"This\nenormous lake had a radius of approximately twenty kilometers,\" which I don't\nparticularly get. キロ四方 means 'square kilometer', right? Is \"radius of 20\nkilometers\" a mistranslation?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T14:28:56.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82354",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T15:57:05.303",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-28T15:18:40.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "40750",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of キロ四方?",
"view_count": 98
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say neither of the translations is correct. 20キロ四方 basically means \"20\nkm × 20 km\" (that is, 400 km2). 四方 literally means \"four sides (of a square)\".\n平方キロ is the word for \"square kilometer\" (平方 = square, x2).\n\n * 20キロ四方 = 20 km × 20 km\n * 20平方キロ = 20 km2 = 20 square kilometers\n\n(Confusingly, we also say 20キロ平方, which literally means \"20 kilometer's\nsquare\" and thus is a synonym for 20キロ四方 = 20 km × 20 km.)\n\nFor example, [this\narticle](https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/383e2a618fdb43fa1ee18a8f9504403385570e9e)\nsays 5キロ四方 referring to a 5 km square grid (i.e., each cell is 25 km2 in\narea).\n\nキロ四方 is usually used with square-like objects, but of course a real lake is\nnot square. In a case like this, you can think it's roughly 20 km in\n_diameter_ (not _radius_ ), or \"20 km from north to south and 20 km from east\nto west\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T15:16:32.600",
"id": "82356",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T15:57:05.303",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-28T15:57:05.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82354",
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"score": 1
}
] |
82354
| null |
82356
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82358",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm struggling to understand what is being said in this line. To provide some\ncontext the person was discussing with a girl about his muscles and let her\ntouch them. She then asked if he wanted to touch hers, and he declined\n(because of his conscience and the fact that she is a naïve sheltered girl).\n\n「私のは……ぷにぷにですね……」\n\n自分のお腹を触ってしょんぼりしていた。\n\n「触ってみますか？」\n\n「いや……自慢の腹筋になってから触らせてもらおう」\n\n「ですよね……」\n\nむしろぷにぷにのお腹を触らせていただきたいが、これ以上は良心の呵責というやつが。\n\n**太ももを鍛えたなんたらいうシナリオが頭をよぎった** 。\n\n「体を鍛えるつもりなら、食事にも気を付けないといけないな」\n\n「食べてこそ、血となり、肉となり、骨となる。しっかり食べないと大きくなれないんだぞ」\n\nIn the bolded line I am unsure what he saying.\n\n頭をよぎる is used to say that something crossed one's mind. In this case\n太ももを鍛えたなんたらいうシナリオ.\n\n太ももを鍛える simply means to work out / train one's legs.\n\nWhat is confusing me is what なんたらいうシナリオ means and who 太ももを鍛えた is referring to.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T15:49:01.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82357",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T16:43:25.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40733",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 太ももを鍛えたなんたらいうシナリオ",
"view_count": 53
}
|
[
{
"body": "This sentence has なんたら, a placeholder similar to \"you-know-what\", \"blah blah\"\nor \"whatchamacallit\". See: [The phrase\nうんやらかんやら?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27445/5010) and [What does\nなんたらという mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3618/5010)\n\n太ももを鍛えた modifies なんたら as a relative clause. As a whole, this appears to be a\nreference to a certain episode where someone worked out one's legs. This\nperson used なんたら because he expected the reader could understand what he means\nonly by saying 太ももを鍛えた. See\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40589/5010%5D) for a similar\nexample.\n\nHowever, I am not aware of any well-known episode, title or cliche related to\n太ももを鍛えた, and a quick google search gave nothing. Maybe this is a reference to\nsome little-known net meme, or an episode understood only by the readers of\nthis title.\n\n(The sentence usually has to be 太ももを鍛えたなんたら **と** いうシナリオ. It's probably a\ntypo, but this と is occasionally omitted in casual speech or in some\ndialects.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T16:43:25.673",
"id": "82358",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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}
] |
82357
|
82358
|
82358
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "i've seen a few sentences like this one:新しいコロナウイルスが広がって,which instead of た , て\nwas used, is it an even more casual way to make the past tense?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T16:56:41.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82359",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T17:15:53.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39386",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "て form can be used to indicate the past?",
"view_count": 35
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|
[] |
82359
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82361",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While explaining [かつおぶし via the English\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katsuobushi). There is a picture that\nhas かつをぶし on a のれん:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YKKIf.jpg)\n\nIn the dialect that I speak, we do make vocal substitutions, but we generally\nwrite with standard かな。If anyone has any insight to why を was written instead\nof お, I'd appreciate it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T17:12:32.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "12108",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"history",
"dialects",
"classical-japanese",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "かつおぶし but かつをぶし",
"view_count": 85
}
|
[
{
"body": "What you're seeing isn't any kind of \"dialect spelling\" or \"pronunciation\nspelling\", but rather the **historical spelling**. Historical spellings are\nthe kana spellings from before the spelling reforms of the late 1800s up\nthrough the mid-1900s. These older spellings often reflect the etymologies\n(word roots) of the terms.\n\nFor more about historical kana spellings, see these Wikipedia articles:\n\n * [https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/歴史的仮名遣](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%81%A3)\n * <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography>\n\nIn this case, the modern term かつお is from the older term かつを. If we look at\nthe monolingual Japanese dictionary aggregator site Kotobank and [their entry\nfor 鰹【かつお】](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%B0%B9-464093), right at the top of\nthe page we see the big kanji followed by the modern 読【よ】み or \"reading\", and\nthe next line has a few items in grey boxes -- this includes `かつお〔かつを〕`,\nshowing the modern kana spelling followed in the 〔brackets〕 by the historical\nkana spelling.\n\nAlthough raw tuna is now a popular sushi ingredient, in older times, this fish\nwas almost exclusively eaten only after it had been smoked and dried into hard\nbricks -- the better for easy transportation and long-term preservation.\nEtymologically (in terms of word roots), researchers thus think this word is\nprobably from 硬【かた】, the stem of adjective 硬【かた】い (\"hard, not soft\"), + 魚【うお】\n(\"fish\"), older kana spelling (and older pronunciation) うを. _kata_ + _uwo_ →\n_katauwo_ → _katuwo_ → modern _katsuo_.\n\nFor more about the etymology (derivation) of this word, see the entries at\nthese monolingual Japanese dictionary sites:\n\n * Nihon Jiten: <http://www.nihonjiten.com/data/45561.html>\n * Gogen Allguide: <http://gogen-allguide.com/ka/katsuo.html>",
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82361
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "82364",
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"body": "it is going to be the end of week 3 in learning japanese and i've noticed how\nsometimes in sentences the hiragana は can sound like \"wa\" as well, why is this\nso? And also when do i know when to say \"wa\" instead of \"ha\"?\n\nfrom alexa the learner ^_^",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T18:10:20.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82362",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-10-29T20:05:39.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "40621",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"pronunciation",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "how to know when to say \"ha\" or \"wa\" with は",
"view_count": 361
}
|
[
{
"body": "One uses は and pronounces it as 'wa' when one brings up a new topic or in\ngeneral when using it as a particle.\n\nIn other cases, e.g. when は is in a word, it is pronounced as 'ha'.\n\nI hope I helped you :)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T18:34:44.243",
"id": "82363",
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{
"body": "It's only pronounced as 'wa' when used as a particle. Such places include:\n\nnoun+は\n\nのは\n\nでは\n\nではない\n\nではありません\n\nother things + は + ない\n\nAlso, curiously, in こんにちは. Not sure whether it was originally a particle there\nor not.\n\nMy list is probably not exhaustive but hopefully you get the idea. I wouldn't\nworry about it too much. With a little time it will become obvious to you\nwhich pronunciation to use.\n\nPlease comment if you have additional uses which remain confusing.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T18:41:24.887",
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{
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"body": "What's the difference between 済ませる【すませる】 and 終える【おえる】?\n\nI've tried looking at [jisho.org](https://jisho.org/),\n[goo.ne.jp](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/), [ALC](https://eow.alc.co.jp/),\n[HiNative](https://hinative.com/) and here, but I'm still unsure about the\ndifference between these two words. I think it might be that 済ませる【すませる】 is\nused for things that are unpleasant to do. Am I right, is the difference\nsomething else, or are these words just synonyms?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-10-28T23:26:41.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82366",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "33994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 済ませる【すませる】 and 終える【おえる】?",
"view_count": 287
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [the question azimicat posted in the\ncomments](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5039/are-%E7%B5%82%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8B-and-%E6%B8%88%E3%81%99%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B-synonyms),\n済ませる【すませる】 most likely really is used for negative/upleasant things.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-29T14:07:35.790",
"id": "82374",
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{
"body": "「おえる」is paired with「おわる」。Somewhat contrived example:\n\n> Highschool has ended. \n> 高校がおわった。\n\n> I have finished high school. \n> 高校を **おえた** 。\n\nThese two sentences are basically the same. Even if you use the active voice\n\"finish\", you don't have any control over when your highschool education ends.\n(Okay, you do have some control but not much.)\n\nSo, even though おえる is an active voice, its content is passive.\n\nIn contrast,\n\n> I have finished work for today. \n> 今日の仕事を **すませた** 。\n\nHere you can finish your work quickly if you work hard. You have a lot of\ncontrol. You can't finish your high school education as you finish your work\nfor the day. So, すませる is a bit like \"dispatch\" in this context.\n\nBy the way, **おわらせる** is more similar to すませる than おえる is. In many cases,\nおわらせる and すませる are interchangeable.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-09-09T15:45:08.820",
"id": "90265",
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82366
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90265
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90265
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{
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"body": "The original sentence was\n\n> 巨大な船体が海水を押しのけていく\n\n巨大: huge \n船体: hull; the body of ship/boat \n押す: to press; to pree \nのける=退ける: to push something away\n\n**I would like to know how to 押す and のける is combined together.** \nI am guessing the sentence means something like \"the huge body of ship pushed\nthe seawater away.\"\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T23:36:09.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82367",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-10-28T23:58:46.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "40438",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "押しのけていく？How is the two verb connected together",
"view_count": 76
}
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[
{
"body": "押しのける is a [compound\nverb](http://So%20how%20much%20do%20you%20know%20about%20Japanese%20%5Bcompound%20verbs%5D\\(https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-compound-verbs/\\)?). There are thousands of\ncompound verbs in Japanese, and all of them are constructed like `V1 (masu-\nstem) + V2`. I'm sure you have already seen many.\n\nSome compound verbs have tricky meanings, but 押しのける is fairly simple. 押す means\n\"to push\", and のける here means \"to put aside\". The combined meaning is\nstraightforwardly \"to push aside\". Still, this is something you have to learn\nalmost as one word.\n\nThere is a good database called [Compound Verb\nLexicon](https://db4.ninjal.ac.jp/vvlexicon/en/).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zLW56.png)",
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"creation_date": "2020-10-29T04:26:08.900",
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82367
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82370
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"body": "まさか この２人と このちっぽけな町を舞台に冒険を繰り広げることになろうとは この時には思ってもみなかった\n\nWhat is the function of the particle に after 舞台?\n\n返事してくれてどうもありがとう！",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-29T00:36:05.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82368",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-29T03:36:08.067",
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"owner_user_id": "39797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Particle に in this sentence",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is the pattern XをYに. To quote the [Wasabi article](https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-supplementary-subordinate-clauses/), \"you\nmay roughly consider it as XをYにする which means 'to change X to Y.'\" I think it\nis also very close to \"to treat X as Y\".\n\nLike @5ru8ek mentioned in the comments, the majority of the time, you can just\nadd a して after に and it will essentially mean the same thing. Here are some\nexamples I pulled from Wasabi:\n\n> ビーチを会場に（して）コンサートを（した / しました）。 \n> [We] held a concert as [we] made the beach a venue.\n\n> 私は病気を言い訳に欠席しましした。 \n> [I] was absent as [I] used sickness as an excuse.\n\nThe only oddball is when it is used to mean possession, where instead of して,\nit makes more sense to add もつ after に:\n\n> おおきな決意を胸に（持って）試合に参加（した / しました）。 \n> [I] participated in the game with a big resolution [in my heart].\n\nThis allows us to give a rough translation of your example sentence:\n\n> まさかこの２人とこのちっぽけな町を舞台に冒険を繰り広げることになろうとはこの時には思ってもみなかった。 \n> At the time, I couldn't even imagine we would use this small city as the\n> stage for our adventures.",
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82368
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82369
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "82383",
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"body": "This sentence came up, translated as：\n\nスカートは試着して買わないと心配だ = I get worried if I don't try on skirts before buying them\n\nTo me it says something like 'if I try skirts and don't buy them then I'm\nworried'\n\nCould someone clarify this please? I have no clue how they got to that\ntranslation\n\nThanks in advance",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-10-29T10:47:57.317",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Confusing sentence translation",
"view_count": 383
}
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[
{
"body": "`V1て + V2` usually means \"V1 and (then) V2\", in which case V1 and V2 are just\ntwo actions placed in parallel. However, you may know `V1て + V2` sometimes\nmeans \"does V1 before V2\" or \"does V2 with/while/by/after V1\". In such cases,\nV1 is essentially an **adverbial modifier** that expresses _how_ V2 happens.\n\n * 箸を使ってご飯を食べます。 \nI eat meals using chopsticks.\n\n * 私は黙って彼の話を聞いた。 \nI listened to him silently.\n\nWhat happens when a sentence like this is negated?\n\n * 箸を使ってご飯を食べません。 \nI don't eat meals using chopsticks. \n(I do eat meals, but without using chopsticks.)\n\n * 私は黙って彼の話を聞かなかった。 \nI did not listen to him silently. \n(I did listen to him, but not silently.)\n\nYou can see \"not/ない/ません\" is negating the adverb part (\"using chopsticks\",\n\"silently\"), not the main verb itself! Here, \"eat\" and \"listen\" happen anyway\neven though they are (directly) preceded by \"not\".\n\nSo this is what is happening in your example, too. ない is negating the\nadverbial V1 part, not the main verb (V2), even though ない is placed directly\nafter V2.\n\nWhen V1 is adverbial depends purely on the context. In the following sentence,\nV1 is not adverbially modifying V2, so ません just negates the verb before it,\nV2:\n\n * 彼は水だけ飲んでご飯を食べません。 \nHe drinks only water and doesn't eat meals.\n\nYou have to get used to this \"adverbial V1\" pattern through many examples.\nHere are more examples of adverbial V1:\n\n * 勉強をして(から)テストを受けた。 \nI studied before taking the exam. / I took the exam after studying.\n\n * 勉強をして(から)テストを受けなかった。 \nI did not study before taking the exam. / I took the exam without studying.\n\n * 歩いて学校に行く学生 \nstudents who walk to school\n\n * 歩いて学校に行かない学生 \nstudents who don't walk to school \n(Not \"students who walk and don't go to school\". Compare: コンビニで働いていて学校に行かない学生\n\"students who work in a convenience store and don't go to school\")\n\n * 彼は酒を飲んで運転したが彼女は酒を飲んで運転しなかった。 \nHe drank and drove, but she did not drink and drive. \n(She drove, but not under the influence of alcohol.)\n\n * 歯を磨いて寝なかった。 \nI did not brush my teeth before going to bed. / I went to bed without brushing\nmy teeth.\n\n * 試着して(から)スカートを買った。 \nI tried on the skirt before buying it. / I bought the skirt after trying on\nit.\n\n * 試着して(から)スカートを買わなかった。 \nI did not try on the skirt before buying it. / I bought the skirt without\ntrying on it. \n(This is technically ambiguous; it can also mean \"I tried on the skirt, but\ndid not buy it\" depending on the context.)",
"comment_count": 1,
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82372
|
82383
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82383
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "82379",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Text: エンジン回転数/電気モーター回転数\n\nMy understanding: Engine rpm/Electric motor rpm\n\nMy Issue: 回転数 has different meanings such as \"rpm\", \"number of revolutions of\nthe engine\", \"Engine revolution speed\", \"engine speed\". It will vary depending\nupon the usage in any sentence. So, in sentences like above, Do we use rpm or\nspeed?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-29T11:55:15.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82373",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-29T22:44:34.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-usage",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "The usage of 回転数 in a sentence",
"view_count": 77
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you said, it will vary depending upon the usage in the context. In English,\n_speed_ and _velocity_ are often used interchangeably, but [they are different\nconcepts](https://examples.yourdictionary.com/main-difference-between-speed-\nand-velocity.html) in scientific contexts. Likewise, when 回転数 is used in\nscientific or technological contexts, it usually refers specifically to either\nrpm (1/60 s-1) or rps (s-1), depending on the field. The 回転数 of an engine is\nusually measured in rpm. In many other contexts, however, thinking of 回転数 as\n\"rotation speed\" or \"number of revolutions\" is enough, as the kanji suggest.\nIn mathematical contexts, 回転数 refers to [winding\nnumber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winding_number). The 回転数 of a restaurant\nrefers to seat turnover rate, or the number of customers per seat per day.\nEither way, you should be able to tell from the context.\n\nSee also:\n\n * [Is there any difference between 速さand 速度?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65407/5010)\n * [回転速度 - Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%BB%A2%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6)\n * [回転数（数学） - Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%BB%A2%E6%95%B0_\\(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6\\))",
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82373
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82379
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82379
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "82376",
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"body": "The example I came across today (though I've seen this with many other verbs):\n\n「潰れる」 – \"to be crushed\"\n\nwhich, as far as I can tell, means exactly the same as 「潰される」, the passive\nform of「潰す」.\n\nMy questions:\n\n 1. Do these actually mean the same?\n 2. Is there any rule to these \"special\" passive versions?\n 3. Or am I completely misunderstanding something about the passive form?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-29T17:59:37.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82375",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-10-30T05:32:26.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Why are there separate passive versions of so many verbs? How do they differ in meaning from the regular passive conjugation?",
"view_count": 239
}
|
[
{
"body": "You misunderstand, likely due to the challenges of translation and of\nexplaining one language using the words and constructions of another.\n\nVerbs like 潰【つぶ】れる and 漬【つ】かる are not _passive_ , but rather **stative** --\nthey describe the state of something. For 潰【つぶ】れる, the meaning is not passive\n\"to be crushed by someone or something\". Instead, it may be understood more\nlike \"to be (or come to be) in a state of crushed-ness\". The emphasis is on\nthe **state**. This contrasts with the active verb 潰【つぶ】す \"to crush something\"\nand its passive conjugation 潰【つぶ】される \"to be crushed by someone or something\".\n\nThis stative quality is like the verb 開【あ】く \"to be (or come to be) in a state\nof open-ness\", contrasting with active 開【あ】ける \"to open something\" and its\npassive conjugation 開【あ】けられる \"to be opened by someone or something\".\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-29T18:32:51.083",
"id": "82376",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-29T18:32:51.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "82375",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
82375
|
82376
|
82376
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "82380",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I couldn't find the question already being asked, so please redirect me if it\nwas already answered.\n\nThe honorific suffix －さん is always used when directly speaking to another\nperson. It is also used when talking e.g. about the father of person referring\nto them as 田中さんのお父さん.\n\nHowever, if I talk with a friend about some other friend or person they know,\ndo I also use an honorific suffix for their name? Or do I just go with the\nname alone?\n\nExample: 田中さん、昨日私は竹山（さん）と話しました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-29T21:21:18.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82377",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-29T23:42:58.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30513",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"politeness",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Using honorifics when talking about others with friends (indirect speech)",
"view_count": 187
}
|
[
{
"body": "You still need to use さん. Failing to do so would usually make you look like a\ntwo-faced person. In general, you should not change the way you refer to\nsomeone by name based on whether he/she is present. Well, actually, people\nsometimes drop さん intentionally when they speak ill of someone, for example,\nbut let's not do this while you are a beginner :)\n\nAs an exception, using 様 in front of a customer and changing it to さん in a\nprivate office is usually acceptable because 様 is highly formal and\nrespectful. (Dropping even さん is out of the question.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-29T23:20:42.733",
"id": "82380",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-29T23:42:58.957",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82377",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
82377
|
82380
|
82380
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering if i said 許してやる it would come across as \" i will forgive you\"\nor something else...?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-29T21:53:48.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82378",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T05:09:14.763",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-29T22:28:18.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "40659",
"owner_user_id": "40659",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "許してやる forgiveness?",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes it's \"I will forgive you\", but it's a blunt and arrogant expression that\ncomes with the connotation of \"you must be thankful\". Here's why: [Meaning of\n~てやる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4464/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T05:09:14.763",
"id": "82382",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T05:09:14.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82378",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82378
| null |
82382
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Edit: I'd like to clarify that I'm asking: _Given a phrase or sentence that\npops into my head in English, how can I find out how to say that in\nconversational Japanese?_ Sorry about the confusion. I didn't mean that I want\nto replace all learning channels with a machine translator or dictionary. I\nwant a supplement for specific sentences.\n\n* * *\n\nI've been using Duolingo for a couple months. I'm beginning to want to know\nhow to say things I haven't learned there yet. But Google Translate already\nseems to diverge from what I learned.\n\nFor example, Google Translate says...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JcN2f.png)\n\n...but I learned it on Duo as 日本語が話せます.\n\nI get dropping the \"I,\" but the が is different and also the し.\n\nIs it because Duo is using vernacular? And either way, what online translator\nor translation method would help me find out a Japanese phrase or sentence,\nthe way it's spoken between same-age groups and friends?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T07:39:48.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82384",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T12:21:28.873",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-30T12:21:28.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "40724",
"owner_user_id": "40724",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"formality",
"informal"
],
"title": "What translator is best for learning how to say a phrase or sentence in modern, conversational Japanese?",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "The simple answer is that if you want to learn natural spoken Japanese, you\nneed to focus more on authentic source materials like movies, podcasts, TV\nseries, social media posts, or native-speaker-generated example sentences.\nThese days, online translators use neural machine translation - it's\ndefinitely getting better and might eventually be able to approximate natural\nhuman language. But it's not there yet. Authentic sources are still a much\nmore valuable resource than translators. Best of all is to try to speak with\nJapanese people or join a class where you can receive proper tuition and have\na chance to use the language you are learning. Digital resources are useful\ntools, but they are no substitute for using language and integrating authentic\nlearning materials into your studies.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T12:07:27.213",
"id": "82385",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T12:07:27.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "82384",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82384
| null |
82385
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82400",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The specific context of this word is ごった煮です。\n\nThis sentence is prefixed by multiple other statements that I have translated\nto be about themself, ending in ものです。\n\nI am confused about what exactly this word means in such a context, with the\nprovided translations in dictionaries i.e jisho not seeming to make much sense\nto me.\n\nThe exact context is\n\n> 悪役令嬢ものです。ループものです。勘違い恋愛ものです。 **ごった煮です。**",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T15:05:01.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82387",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-31T11:31:09.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40764",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of the word ごった煮",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "ごった煮 is pretty much a meal where you simmer or boil a bunch of other\ningridents together. ごった is from ごたごた which can mean things being chaotic, out\nof order and so on.\n\nSo, here it sounds like ごった煮 is refering to the characteristics of the author\nstated in the preceeding sentences like ingridents. It sounds like the author\nwants to say they are like ごった煮 or someone who is complex or has a lot of\nissues.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T20:09:19.587",
"id": "82394",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T20:09:19.587",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40768",
"parent_id": "82387",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "ごった煮 is just \"hotchpotch\" or \"mishmash\" as jisho.org says, but you've\nmisunderstood the first three sentences. This -もの is not 者 (\"person\"), but a\nkind of suffix that attaches to a noun and forms a **genre** name. It can also\nrefer to works in the genre. もの is also commonly written in katakana and in\nkanji (物).\n\n * SF物 \nworks of science fiction\n\n * 日常モノのアニメ \nslice of life anime\n\n * 悪役令嬢もの \nnovel featuring the villainess-as-a-heroine trope (somehow it's\n[popular](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E6%82%AA%E5%BD%B9%E4%BB%A4%E5%AC%A2#h2-3)\nthese days in Japan)\n\n * [ループもの](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE) \n[time loop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_loop) story/genre\n\n * 勘違い恋愛モノ \nI-am-being-mistakenly-loved-by-someone sort of story/genre (e.g., a commoner\nheroine loved by a prince who believes she is a princess)\n\nSo the whole passage is:\n\n> 悪役令嬢ものです。ループものです。勘違い恋愛ものです。ごった煮です。\n>\n> This novel is in the 悪役令嬢 genre. It's (also) in the タイムループ gene and the\n> 勘違い恋愛 genre. It's a hotchpotch (belonging to these three genres).\n\nText like this usually appears in a preface or a review. If it's really said\nin a monologue by a heroine herself, think of it as a \"breaking the fourth\nwall\" sort of joke.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-31T01:42:46.630",
"id": "82400",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-31T11:31:09.503",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-31T11:31:09.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82387",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82387
|
82400
|
82400
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82392",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently noticed the title for the anime 「[彼女]{かのじょ}、お[借]{か}りします」 uses the\nverb 「借りる」. \nIt is well known that it is a ichidan verb and the expect inflection is\n「借ります」, but in the anime title it is seen as 「借りします」.\n\nWhat function does the extra 「し」 provide and more importantly, why is added?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T16:05:54.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82389",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T19:46:22.167",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-30T16:19:33.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "40640",
"owner_user_id": "40640",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"ichidan-verbs",
"inflection"
],
"title": "Why does 「借りる」 become 「借りします」 in the title 「彼女、お借りします」?",
"view_count": 280
}
|
[
{
"body": "お借りします is actually a combination of 借りる and する. お借りします is a humble form of\n借ります. It is created by adding お to the verb stem (借り) and then adding that to\nします.\n\nSo, you would use the humble form anytime you are refering to your own actions\nwhen they are related to someone you are showing respect to.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T19:46:22.167",
"id": "82392",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T19:46:22.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40768",
"parent_id": "82389",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
82389
|
82392
|
82392
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82391",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen [a translation](https://kazabana.wordpress.com/2019/04/16/niji-no-\nkanata-ni-over-the-rainbow-reona/) say the line is \"I’m a tin person covered\nin soot\", but [ichi.moe doesn't tell\nme](https://ichi.moe/cl/qr/?q=%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9F%E3%81%97%E3%82%8F%E3%81%99%E3%81%99%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E3%81%B6%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AE%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A8&r=htr)\nwhat the `ki` means in the line.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T18:25:50.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82390",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T18:45:18.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What does the き in わたしわすすけたぶりきのひと mean?",
"view_count": 61
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's part of ぶりき, which means \"tin\".\n\nThe correct sentence decomposition is:\n\nわたし わ すすけた ぶりき の ひと。\n\nThough I assume the わ is supposed to be は.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T18:45:18.130",
"id": "82391",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T18:45:18.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "82390",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
82390
|
82391
|
82391
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am wondering about the choice of, and general necessity of, なら in the\nfollowing sentence.\n\n> ドイツでは、ウイルスがうつらないように気をつけている **なら** 、店を開くことができます。(from [NHK\n> Easy](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012685971000/k10012685971000.html))\n>\n> * In Germany, businesses may remain open if they are careful not to spread\n> the virus. (my trans.)\n\nAccording to _DBJG_ , なら means roughly 'under the condition that something is\ntrue'. How does this work in the context of the above sentence, in particular\nwhy would たら not be appropriate, since (in my mind) any if-clause always\nassumes its own validity.\n\nDoes the なら carry a sense of \"actually\" or \"really\" here? For example, would\nit be more accurate to translate the sentence as \" _... if the businesses are\nreally ensuring the virus doesn't spread_ \"? Or does なら contain a sense of \"\n_so long as_ \", i.e. suggesting that the condition is liable to change over\ntime, \" _...as long as the businesses are ensuring the virus doesn't spread._\n\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T19:50:34.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82393",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-31T04:09:39.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34976",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Connotations of なら vs たら in conditional clauses",
"view_count": 444
}
|
[
{
"body": "Among the conditionals, the special thing with なら is that the preceding\n(conditional) clause can happen in time after the succeeding (main) clause,\nwhich is not the case for others like たら, where the first clause always\nhappens before the second.\n\nSo in the case of\n\n> ウイルスがうつらないように気をつけているなら、店を開くことができます。\n\nto imply that \"being careful\" happens after (or maybe rather during)\n\"remaining open\", the only correct conditional is なら.\n\nFor an overview of the differences between all conditionals see [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1784/40476).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-02T10:54:33.877",
"id": "82905",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-02T10:54:33.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "82393",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "It's a matter of BEFORE / AFTER.\n\nなら is like BEFORE you do Y, the precondition X must be met. I tell my kids,\nおそといくなら、くつはこうね！ \"Before you can go outside, you have to put shoes on!\"\n\nたら is like AFTER you do Y, you must do Z. I say to my kids, ごはんたべたら、はをみがこうね。\nWhen you are done eating dinner, brush your teeth.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-02T05:56:04.950",
"id": "86439",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T05:56:04.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14444",
"parent_id": "82393",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I know it was taken from an NHK site but 気をつけているなら doesn’t sound too natural\nto me.\n\nI would say:\n\n> ウイルスがうつらないように気をつけ **ていれば** 、店を開くことができます。\n\nThe article is deliberately written in easy Japanese so non-advanced learners\nor foreign residents can understand. Maybe れば is not considered easy enough.\n\nBesides, it is not very natural to understand 気をつけているなら as referring to\nsomething that should happen **after** the opening of the shops as expected by\nなら. This is because of the use of 〜ている. It would be more natural to understand\nit as a current state (that obviously is expected to continue beyond the\nopening of the shops), despite なら. This is precisely the reason I find\n気をつけていれば more natural. If 気をつけているなら is to be interpreted as a future condition\nfor the opening of the shops, it does carry a sense of “as long as”.\n\nThe following sentence, with the combination of a dictionary form and なら,\nwould be naturally understood as a condition to be satisfied **after** the\nopening of the shops.\n\n> ウイルスがうつらないように気をつける **なら** 、店を開くことができます。\n\nAs for たら, the following sentence, with the combination of 〜ている and たら (i.e.\n〜いていたら), is actually not that bad, although it is more common in certain\ndialects than in standard Japanese.\n\n> ウイルスがうつらないように気をつけ **ていたら** 、店を開くことができます。\n\nThe following, without 〜ている, is grammatical but it doesn’t convey the message\nit is supposed to.\n\n> ウイルスがうつらないように気をつけ **たら** 、店を開くことができます。\n\nIt sounds as if being careful not to spread the virus is a one-time thing that\nshould happen before the opening of the shops.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-02T07:49:22.470",
"id": "86441",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-31T04:09:39.103",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-31T04:09:39.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "43676",
"owner_user_id": "43676",
"parent_id": "82393",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82393
| null |
86439
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82398",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The verb 我慢する means \"to endure\", \"to put up with something or someone\".\nAccording to my textbook, it is used with either に or を, but no further\nexplanation is given.\n\nI've been taking a look to several example sentences, and these are my\nimpressions:\n\n * 〇 **を** 我慢する is more frequent than 〇 **に** 我慢する\n * When 〇 is a person, rather than an object, it is used 〇 **に** 我慢する (however, there are example sentences where に is used with objects, too).\n\nSome of the example sentences I've found are:\n\n> めんどくさいお兄ちゃん **に** 我慢する。\n\n> お金が貯まるまでそれ **を** 我慢する。\n\n> 食べることを我慢する。\n\nIs there any rule or pattern to help me determine whether I should use に or を\n(or maybe even if there are cases where both are ok)?\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T22:10:07.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82395",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-03T16:00:28.033",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-03T16:00:28.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Is there a rule or pattern to figure out whether を or に should be used with 我慢する?",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are semantically different.\n\n * Xに我慢する means \"to put up with X\" (i.e., you **hate** X). Xに耐える is more common.\n * Xを我慢する means \"to put up with _the lack_ of X\", \"to hold off on X\", \"to try to refrain from X\" (i.e., you **want** X).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-31T00:09:03.800",
"id": "82398",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-31T00:09:03.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82395",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
82395
|
82398
|
82398
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have read that this proverb is of Japanese origin (correct me if I'm wrong),\nbut was unable to find its Japanese form. Thank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T22:37:08.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82396",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-30T22:42:49.607",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-30T22:42:49.607",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"proverbs"
],
"title": "How do you translate \"A person who admits ignorance shows it once; the one who tries to hide it shows it often.\" to Japanese?",
"view_count": 73
}
|
[] |
82396
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82399",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the below I am unsure how to identify the subject (the one performing the\nverbs) in the third sentence below. Originally I thought it was referring to\nhimself doing this, but in the line below he says その間も、俺は, which sounds to me\nlike the topic is switching to him. If the sentence above was describing his\nactions then I'm not sure it would be necessary to state 俺は, which makes me\nthink it was referring to 心. Would anyone be able to clarify whether my\nunderstanding is correct or what I am misunderstanding?\n\n> キスを促すと、素直に唇を寄せてくる。\n>\n> 心は、よっぽどキスが好きなんだな。\n>\n> **舌を絡め、ぺちゃぺちゃ音をさせながら唾液をすすっていく。**\n>\n> その間も、俺は心の胸をまさぐり続けていた。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-30T22:59:04.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82397",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-31T00:42:51.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40772",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Who is the subject of the sentence?",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "Unlike the first sentence, the third sentence has ていく, which almost certainly\nindicates the subject is 俺. There is no subject switching in the fourth\nsentence. (Of course 胸をまさぐる is something one can do while kissing.)\n\nGrammatically speaking, it's not _necessary_ to say 俺は at all in the fourth\nsentence. It's a bit hard to explain why it's there. For one, you can see the\nfourth sentence is suddenly written in the past tense. The other three\nsentences are in [historic\npresent](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/73870/5010) to enhance the\nvividness of the description. This pattern feels like the fourth sentence is\nwritten in a bit different mood, as if it is trying to \"conclude\" or \"finish\"\nthe whole scene. 俺は has been added explicitly to switch the mood, not the\nsubject; it would make the fourth sentence look slightly more objective and\nless vivid.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-31T00:42:51.950",
"id": "82399",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82397",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82397
|
82399
|
82399
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The kanji for ''sayounara'' is 左様なら\n\nI'm curious about the kanji 左 which means ''left'' as in ''your left hand''.\n\nWhat is it doing here ?\n\nMy understanding is that 左様 means ''this way'' or ''like this'' but why is\n''left'' used ?\n\nTo me 左様 looks more like ''the left way''.\n\nAll thoughts and insights welcome.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-31T12:51:09.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82401",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-31T12:51:09.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Analysis of kanji for ''sayounara''",
"view_count": 69
}
|
[] |
82401
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82406",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am making captions in Japanese for a song. I have a kanji that I can't\nidentify because of the low resolution and writing, could you help?\n\nThe kanji:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kU8OD.png)\n\nThe context:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QGyGd.png)\n\nThe most resembling one that I found is \"淦\" but I don't think that is right.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-31T13:38:18.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82402",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-01T01:43:38.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40777",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "Help identifying a low resolution kanji",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to the [lyrics](https://w.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/13084.html), the\nline goes「鮮{あざ}やかな季節{きせつ}の涙{なみだ}で滲{にじ}ませて」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-31T23:56:24.227",
"id": "82406",
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"owner_user_id": "39516",
"parent_id": "82402",
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}
] |
82402
|
82406
|
82406
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm working through a translation for practice and in order to translate\n\"spacious pockets\" my two options are :\n\n> 広々ポケット\n\nor\n\n> 広々としたポケット\n\nI don't get where \"とした\" comes from and if it's necessary in that context. The\nexamples I've found around the internet seem to relate to other instances, so\nI don't really get this one. Thanks so much in advance!!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-31T14:58:21.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82403",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-30T09:03:40.323",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-31T08:13:48.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "40778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "\"とした\" in context of adjective/object",
"view_count": 209
}
|
[
{
"body": "広々としたポケット is an ordinary noun phrase with an adnominal clause: \"pocket which\npresents itself spaciously\" or \"spacious pocket\". On the other hand, 広々ポケット is\na nonce compound made of an adverb and a noun. The 広々 here is not modifying\nポケット with the right capacity of adverb or adjective (adverb cannot modify noun\non its own), but just two words crudely put together to mean something\ncreative. In this sense, it certainly can be translated as \"spacious pocket\",\nbut also as \"roominess pocket\", \"a 'relax' pocket\" or even \"plen-T-pocket\" and\nsuch. As you may notice, it has quite an affinity for advertisement rhetoric.\n\n * オレオレ詐欺 lit. \"me!-me! scam\" → grandparents scam\n * シャカシャカポテト lit. \"shake-shake potato\" → (McDonald's) mix-your-own seasoned fries\n * 簡単操作 lit. \"operate-easy\" → (Windows') Ease of Access\n\nSomewhat related:\n\n * [Why isn't 日本料理 written as 日本の料理?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27485/7810)\n * [-的 adjectives modifying nouns without な](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21150/7810)\n * [the omission of an implied “の” creates the appearance of a 四字熟語?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19365/7810)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-16T09:32:31.823",
"id": "82637",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 1
}
] |
82403
| null |
82637
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I just really need help knowing the true meaning please.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-31T22:07:33.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82404",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T16:44:23.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40780",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the modern meaning of the word Ukiyo in Japan today? Is it still used to identify Red Districts or is it only “the floating world” now?",
"view_count": 305
}
|
[
{
"body": "If Red district means Red-light district , no one use Ukiyo for that meaning\nin modern Japan .",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T16:44:23.927",
"id": "82434",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T16:44:23.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40637",
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"score": 0
}
] |
82404
| null |
82434
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82414",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is a sentence from a textbook:\n\n> 「どちら／どっち」は、二つのものから一つを選択するときか、2人の中から１人を選択するときに **使われます** 。\n\nPassive voice makes sense here because the actor is irrelevant, but then\nthere's this sentence on the same page:\n\n> 「どの＋N」は三つ以上のものから一つを選択するとき、または、３人以上から1人を選択するときに **使います** 。\n\nThese two sentences have nearly identical structures but for some reason the\nlatter is in active voice. The only explanation I can come up with is that\nthis is done to avoid repetition.\n\nMy questions are as follows:\n\n 1. Why did the author switch between active and passive voice?\n 2. How does the meaning change?\n 3. Who is the implied subject in the active sentence? \"People\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-31T23:41:02.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82405",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-01T13:28:47.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40782",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Confusion about the use of active and passive voice",
"view_count": 98
}
|
[
{
"body": "My answers to your questions are as follows:\n\n 1. God knows. I can't speak for the author. They may have wanted to avoid repetition out of personal preference, may have been just following the house style (if there was any), or may have just written it that way without thinking about it at all. What I can say, however, is that they definitely could do it and did it without sounding strange and affecting readability for me. (Well, I didn't read the whole page, but.)\n\n 2. Beyond the usual change in literal meaning the active-passive alteration produces (which isn't much of a change in meaning), not much to speak of, I assume.\n\n 3. Again, I wouldn't presume to put words into the author's mouth, but I'd wager that they didn't have any particular grammatical subject in mind, not even an implied one. When reading the first sentence, it probably didn't occur to you to wonder _by whom_ 「どちら／どっち」 is used in such a way as described, even though there must be some entities who use it, and the author could have specified who they are. And you didn't have any trouble understanding the meaning and the message of the sentence, right? The same with the second one, except that now that same missing information would be expressed in subject position. But in Japanese you don't need a grammatical subject any more than you need a _by XXX_ phrase in a passive sentence unless there is a special need. If you are talking about translating the sentence, the generic _we_ _you_ , _one_ and what have you will do the trick.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T13:28:47.410",
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}
] |
82405
|
82414
|
82414
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently realized that 平板 verbs become 尾高 when there is a の after them. For\nexample:\n\n戦うの→たたかうの{LHHHL}\n\n寝るの→ねるの{LHL}\n\nThat really does happen right? Or am I mishearing? What are other situations\nwhere 平板 verbs change their pitch like that?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T00:03:13.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82407",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-16T03:09:39.953",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "In what cases do 平板 verbs change their pitch?",
"view_count": 593
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, that does happen. It happens in a couple other places, certainly\nincluding ん but also:\n\n * から\n * けど\n * が (as a conjunction and (verb)がいい etc)\n * many sentences ending particles (ぞ (optional)、わ (male version only)、よ (optional)、さ、 な (negative imperative only)、っけ、 etc.)\n * に違いない\n * も (when it directly follows a verb — you can imagine it as an invisible の almost)\n * か (for compartmentalizer & for sentence-ending question marker in the rhetorical usage)\n * し\n * と (quotative particle)、って、なんて\n * と (conjunction particle, optional)\n\nand probably more.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T01:24:41.140",
"id": "82408",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-16T03:09:39.953",
"last_edit_date": "2022-04-16T03:09:39.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "82407",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
82407
| null |
82408
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82431",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What would we call a person who in ungraceful, clumsy in movement?\n\nIs there a Japanese adjective or noun with the meaning?[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HUAzi.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T09:25:57.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82410",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T14:00:44.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Japanese word meaning \"clumsy\"",
"view_count": 410
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe the word you are looking for is **どじ** \n[Here is the jisho definition](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%98)\nbut it doesn't do the word justice at all. I think it would be better to look\nup example sentences to get a feel of how it is used. \nHere is one to get you started\n\n> ほんとにドジで、しょっちゅうなにかを落としそうになったり、もう少しで大けがをしそうになったりした。\n\nI found this sentence in the NINJAL corpus\n[どじ](https://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp/headword/AN.00874/)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-02T14:00:44.060",
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}
] |
82410
|
82431
|
82431
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82415",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Relatively new learner here. In a [forum on\nDuolingo](https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/33157918?from_email=comment&comment_id=43475149),\nas the app itself only teaches by example, there's a discussion regarding\ntranslating this phrase:\n\n> 窓{まど}は全部{ぜんぶ}閉{し}まっていますか？\n\nWithout「全部」it seems to be: \"Is the window closed?\" or \"Are the windows\nclosed?\"\n\nWith the introduction of「全部」however, how would you distinguish between:\n\n * Are _all_ the windows closed? / Is _every_ window closed?\n * Are the windows _completely_ closed?\n * Is the window _completely_ closed?\n\nAnd if some of these are invalid, how would you rephrase / translate them?\n\n**Edit** : Duolingo's suggested translation was: \"Are the windows all shut?\",\nwhich just adds to the confusion. Here, \"all\" could be being used as an adverb\nto mean, \"completely shut\", or as a predeterminer (I think that's the right\nterm) as in, \"all the windows\".\n\nSomeone left an answer indicating that they thought 全部 was acting on the verb,\n& I added this comment; however, they then deleted their answer. So now I'm\nback do being uncertain, lol.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T10:22:22.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82411",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-01T16:04:57.953",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-01T12:34:59.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "34791",
"owner_user_id": "34791",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Differentiate between usages of 全部: all or completely?",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "All Japanese quantifiers are adverbs. 全部 is an adverb too, meaning \"wholly\" or\n\"entirely\". That means, it is true that it can be ambiguous like \"Are the\nwindows all shut?\" between \"all windows\" and \"completely\". That said, the \"all\nof\" reading usually prevails, and also the most common way to say \"all windows\nare shut\".\n\nBut it is not impossible to distinguish your three sentences.\n\n * Are _all_ the windows closed? / Is _every_ window closed? \n→ 全部の窓が閉まっていますか？\n\n * Are the windows _completely_ closed? \n→ 窓は全部完全に閉まっていますか？\n\n * Is the window _completely_ closed? \n→ 窓は完全に閉まっていますか？\n\nAs definiteness and number are not essential in Japanese, they can be\ntranslated in many other ways depending on context, but those are I think the\nmost concise examples.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T16:04:57.953",
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}
] |
82411
|
82415
|
82415
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "A girl was playing the game of life(人生ゲーム) with her friends and said this (It\nsounds like this event caused her to go bankrupt):\n\n> あ、交通事故で資産マイナス３００万だって。何コレ **普通に考えたら** 速攻で破産なんだけど\n\nWhat is the difference between saying this and just 何コレ速攻で破産なんだけど.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T16:21:24.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82416",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-29T16:47:41.527",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T04:35:08.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "40790",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 普通に考えたら mean",
"view_count": 268
}
|
[
{
"body": "普通に考えたら means \"generally thinking\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T00:00:05.980",
"id": "82424",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T00:00:05.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40795",
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},
{
"body": "As a native Japanese speaker my understanding is this.\n\n\"普通に考えたら\" is just for emphasis in the sentence. Of course you know it means\n\"generally thinking\" but that is just a literary meaning. I think in this\nsituation 「あ、交通事故で資産マイナス３００万だって。何コレ普通に考えたら速攻で破産なんだけど」 the person saying this\nJapanese sentence is very surprised when a traffic accident occurred and the\nperson would like to express his or her feelings to others.\n\nSo if you would like to tell others just the situation then you should say\n\"あ、交通事故で資産マイナス３００万だって。速攻で破産なんだけど\" on the other hand you would like to tell\nothers the situation made you VERY surprised then you should say\n\"あ、交通事故で資産マイナス３００万だって。何コレ普通に考えたら速攻で破産なんだけど\".\n\nHowever in most cases there is no difference in meaning or nuance between\nthese two sentences, so you don't need to worry. You should think \"普通に考えたら\"\nmeans just an emphatic expression.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-29T13:56:00.347",
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}
] |
82416
| null |
93891
|
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"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have some questions to asks on Japanese grammar.\n\n 1. What does\n\n> 次{つぎ}の会議{かいぎ}までに何{なに}をしておいたらいいですか \n> tsugi no kaigi made ni nani o shite oitara iidesu ka\n\nmean? How is this question conditional (oitara)? From my understanding this\nsentence means, \"What should I do before the next meeting?\"\n\n 2. > 千円、ここに置いておくからね。\n\nFor this sentence may I know what kara at the end of sentence means? As I\nunderstand, the whole sentence means \"I will leave 1,000 yen here for you\"\n\n 3. How do you say te-form, conditional form, potential form and passive form in Japanese? For eg. Futsukei is plain form. Teineikei is polite form.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T17:27:21.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82417",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-30T05:03:25.290",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-01T18:18:02.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "40791",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Te Okimasu and sentence ending with Kara",
"view_count": 296
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 次の会議までに何をしておいたらいいですか\n\nYour translation of \"What should I do before the next meeting\" is pretty\naccurate.\n\nThe break down of しておいたら is as follows:\n\nする = to do\n\nしておく = te-form of verb + おく. This construction means 'to do verb in advance or\nin preparation for something'. In this sentence we're doing something in\npreparation for the next meeting.\n\nしておいたら is the たら conditional form of しておく.\n\nSo the おい (おく) part has nothing to do with the conditional.\n\nThe conditional part is how the meaning of 'should' is conveyed.\n\nVerb in past tense + ら + いいですか i.e. たら form of verb + いいですか, literally means \"\n**if** I do verb will it be okay\", i.e. \"should I do verb\".\n\nAdding 何 to the phrase, 何をしておいたらいいですか, is impossible to translate word for\nword into good English. But it would be something like \"What, if I do it, will\nbe okay\". Which more normally translates to \"What should I do\".\n\nPlease ask parts 2 and 3 as separate posts.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T18:32:56.407",
"id": "82418",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-01T18:32:56.407",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "82417",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82417
| null |
82418
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 千円、ここに置いておくからね。\n\nFor this sentence may I know what kara at the end of sentence means? As I\nunderstand, the whole sentence means \"I will leave 1,000 yen here for you\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T20:03:31.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82419",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-01T21:34:57.563",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-01T21:34:57.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "40791",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Kara at the end of sentence",
"view_count": 859
}
|
[] |
82419
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82425",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question (from [here (page\n14)](http://life.ou.edu/stories/sarukani.html)):\n\n> ぺったんペったら牛の糞が、やって来ました。\n\nWhat does the 〜ら conjugation (?) of the second ぺったん mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T20:58:56.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82420",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T00:15:41.293",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-02T00:11:49.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"adverbs",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "「ぺったん」→「ぺったら」 – A conjugation of an onomatopoeic adverb?",
"view_count": 79
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's just a rare or unique onomatopoeia, not a kind of conjugation. You\nwouldn't see this outside of a few fairy tales or children's songs. I think\nworrying about this is like worrying about every single weird expression in\nMother Goose.\n\nStill, although this may be a far-fetched analysis, this somewhat sounds like\n[えっちらおっちら](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%88%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A1%E3%82%89%E3%81%8A%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A1%E3%82%89),\nand I vaguely feel the nuance of \"all the way\" in this ら.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T00:15:41.293",
"id": "82425",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T00:15:41.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82420",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82420
|
82425
|
82425
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82432",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "```\n\n 男：今朝の新聞、お読みになりましたか。\n \n 女：いえ、お読みしませんでした。\n \n```\n\nAccording to my textbook, this response is incorrect? Why? I thought this\npattern is 謙譲語 and suitable. Are there additional rules around this pattern\nthat I'm not aware of?\n\nIncidentally, the correct response is:\n\n```\n\n いいえ、読んでいませんが。\n \n```\n\nWhich I don't dispute sounds fine to me as well.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T21:11:23.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82421",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T15:56:11.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness",
"keigo"
],
"title": "謙譲語：お「verb stem」する",
"view_count": 275
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are two reasons why the woman's response is incorrect.\n\n * You have to use ～ていません instead of ～ませんでした. I understand this seems weird at first but you have to get used to it. See: [When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation of state?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010) and [Why is a verb in the past (た形) contradicted with ～ていない?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42242/5010)\n * In general, you can use the お～する form only when that action affects the person you are paying respect to (usually the listener). For example you can say お渡しする, お伝えする and お待ちする, but not お食べする, お帰りする, お楽しみする. Reading a newspaper is something you can do alone, so you cannot usually say お読みする. As an exception, you can safely say 新聞をお読みします when you read a newspaper out loud to your boss.\n\nTherefore, the correct response is:\n\n * いいえ、読んでいません。\n * いいえ、読んでおりません。\n\nThe latter is politer. You can simply say \"はい、読みました\" if the answer is yes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T15:37:59.510",
"id": "82432",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T15:56:11.793",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-02T15:56:11.793",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82421",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
82421
|
82432
|
82432
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82423",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen 「1ページ」 refer to \"page 1\" of e.g. a book. Wouldn't this technically\nmean \"one page\" and 「１ページ目」 be correct for \"page 1\"?\n\nIs leaving away the 目 when referring to ordinal numbering of things a thing /\ncommon?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T22:27:12.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82422",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T01:08:23.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"counters",
"numbers",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Leaving away the 目 suffix for ordinal numbers",
"view_count": 639
}
|
[
{
"body": "Nページ can mean **\" N page(s)\"** referring to the number of pages (eg 300ページの本 =\na 300-page book). However, Nページ can also mean **\" page N\"**, the page marked\nwith that number. On the other hand, Nページ目 means **\" N-th page\"**, and it's\nnot necessarily the same as Nページ without 目.\n\nFor example, the following two expressions may refer to the same page:\n\n * 第5章の2ページ目 \nthe second page in Chapter 5\n\n * 第5章の256ページ \npage 256 in Chapter 5\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xfsP0m.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-01T23:57:58.837",
"id": "82423",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T01:08:23.693",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-02T01:08:23.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82422",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
82422
|
82423
|
82423
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82428",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently came accross this sentence:\n\n> 旅人が言うには、腹を空かせた野生の動物たちが、山を下りているらしい。\n\nWhich I understand roughly translates to \"According to the travellers, some\nhungry animals came down from the mountain. What I do not understand is how\n言うには works here. I could be wrong, but it doesn't seem to fit に + contrastive\nは.\n\nI would like to know how には plays a part in the meaning \"according to\". Or\nmaybe if 言うには is just a set phrase, I would be satisfied with that explanation\nas well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T01:28:11.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82426",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T02:01:48.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-02T01:46:15.383",
"last_editor_user_id": "21657",
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Grammar behind 言うには",
"view_count": 480
}
|
[
{
"body": "This に is a particle explained here: [What does the に do in\n表情から察するに?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29418/5010) This は is a topic\nmarker and is optional here.\n\nThis type of に is literary and used mainly in written Japanese. It attaches to\nonly a small group of verbs (言う, 見る, 聞く, 思う, 考える, 察する, etc.) in modern\nJapanese, so I think it's okay to think of them as just a group of similar set\nphrases. (In classical Japanese, it was a [simple conjunctive\nparticle](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%AB) similar to と.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T01:55:59.147",
"id": "82428",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T02:01:48.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-02T02:01:48.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82426",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
82426
|
82428
|
82428
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that に can be used to mark the agent of an intransitive verb, but\nI often see it being used with adjectives instead. For example, in the\nsentence:\n\n> 私にはできる \n> As for me, I can do it.\n\nに here marks the agent of the verb. The same thing can be said about 私にはわかる.\nHowever, there are cases where に are followed by adjectives, which, although I\nintuitively understand the meaning, do not understand the grammar behind them.\n\n> 私には金が必要です。 \n> As for me, I need money.\n\n> 寝るには早すぎる。 \n> It's too early to sleep.\n\n> 電車に詳しいです。 \n> to know a lot about trains.\n\n> 体にいいです。 \n> It's good for your body.\n\n> 子供に怖い× \n> Scary to children. (apparently incorrect.)\n\nWhat is the function of に（は） here? In what situations can this be used?\n\nEdit: I found a [related\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13693/using-%E3%81%AB-\nwith-adjectives), and this [linked\none](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4440/%E3%81%8C-and-%E3%81%AB-\ninterchangeability-and-difference-in-meaning), but the first one seems to have\nconflicts about in which situations you can do this and the second question\nonly uses に to mark the agent of intransitive/potential verbs. [This\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/72417/using-%E3%81%AB-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%AB%E5%AF%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6-with-\nadjectives) also asks something very similar, but the answer doesn't really\naddress why 「子供に怖い」would be wrong.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T01:42:49.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82427",
"last_activity_date": "2021-04-01T17:05:15.710",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-02T02:36:17.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "21657",
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Subject + に + 形容詞/形容動詞",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "Ok, I asked a native about this, and this is what I got from the conversation.\nAs @naruto says, I seem to have put a lot of different usages of に into the\nsame generalization.\n\n> 体にいいです。 \n> It's good for your body.\n\n> 子供に怖い× \n> Scary to children.\n\nThese seem to be contractions of にとって. I couldn't find a reason for why 子供に怖い\nsounds unnatural to most speakers, but this contraction seems to only work for\nsome adjectives. I was also told that 子供に怖い映画 sounds slightly more natural\nbecause there is a noun attached to the end.\n\n> 寝るには早すぎる。 \n> It's too early to sleep.\n\nVerb+には seems to be a fixed pattern. IMABI seems to say this can be translated\nto \"In verb + ing\". So a more literal translation would be \"In sleeping, it is\ntoo early.\"\n\n> 私には金が必要です。 \n> As for me, I need money.\n\nThis is the purpose marker に. It shows who \"needs money\" and can only be used\nwith certain adjectives like 必要.\n\n> 電車に詳しいです。 \n> to know a lot about trains.\n\nThis is the contraction of の場合には as described in [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/72417/using-%E3%81%AB-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%AB%E5%AF%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6-with-\nadjectives). So, \"In the case of Trains, (I) know a lot about them\". If I got\nanything wrong, please correct me. I am not 100% sure that this is correct.\nAlso, if you are willing to give a more detailed (or accurate response),\nplease do.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T16:48:25.243",
"id": "82435",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T16:48:25.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"parent_id": "82427",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82427
| null |
82435
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My Chinese name is 葉志軒 and I tried a lot of ways to convert it but it seems\nimpossible. Can anyone help me?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T09:15:39.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82430",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-02T19:03:40.443",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-02T09:35:26.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "40800",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names"
],
"title": "How do I convert my Chinese name into Japanese and furigana?",
"view_count": 511
}
|
[
{
"body": "葉（よう）志（し）軒（けん）\n\nIn general practice, Japanese 音読み sounds are used to describe Chinese names\n(音読み is similar to old Chinese pronunciation). It is easy to read and\npronounce for ordinary Japanese people.\n\nSome Chinese use pinyin sound and spelling. It is widely accepted, however, it\nis hard to read and pronounce for ordinary Japanese people.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T15:49:49.840",
"id": "82433",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-02T18:24:13.027",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-02T18:24:13.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "40637",
"parent_id": "82430",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82430
| null |
82433
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82444",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to convey a meaning using old Japanese numeral wordplay. The idea\nis to say something similar to the word for Sweets or Confection with up to 3\nnumbers. My understanding is that this word is Okashi. I have gotten as far as\nto get 0_4. I seem unable to complete this word however, as I am missing a\nnumber that represents the \"Ka\" sound. How should I best convey the idea of a\ncake, candy, or other sweet confection through this method?\n\nThis is apparently a code used on old Japanese pagers. For example: 831\nconverts to Veggie, 049 = Swim, 187 = Spark",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T17:41:15.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82436",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-03T15:15:13.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-03T03:02:00.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "40802",
"owner_user_id": "40802",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"english-to-japanese",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Trying to convey \"Confection\" or \"Sweets\" using Japaneese number wordplay",
"view_count": 205
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think that おかし is not appropriate for your wordplay because \"ka\" sound\ndoesn't exist in Japanese numbers' sound. I think that おやつ is appropriate, and\nit is 082.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-03T15:01:53.057",
"id": "82444",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-03T15:15:13.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-03T15:15:13.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "82436",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82436
|
82444
|
82444
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82545",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I did not understand how the following sentence has been translated\n\n> 普通なら二度と口を利かないところだけれど、涙ぐましい努力だけは汲んでおいてあげるわ」 どうやらこっちの友達が欲しいと言う狙い、思惑は全部 **筒抜け**\n> らしい。\n>\n> Normally, I wouldn’t want to hear you speak twice, but I will put in the\n> painful effort to listen to you.” For some reason I tried to make friends\n> with her, but my expectations were completely off.\n\n\"思惑は\" means \"expectations (in the sense of speculations) and I found that 筒抜け\nmeans \"going in one ear and out the other\" but that does not seem to apply\nhere. Could you help me ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T21:26:28.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82437",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-10T04:14:38.770",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-08T16:52:07.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "37097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "precision about the meaning of 筒抜け in the context",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "The secret is leaked to others.\n\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%AD%92%E6%8A%9C%E3%81%91/>\n\n> １ 物音や話し声が、そのまま他の人に聞こえること。 **また、秘密の内容などがそっくり他に漏れてしまうこと。** 「筒抜けに耳にはいる」\n> **「計画が相手方に筒抜けになる」**\n>\n> ２ 人の話などが頭の中にとどまらないで通りぬけてしまうこと。「せっかくの忠告も右から左へ筒抜けだ」",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-03T00:03:29.703",
"id": "82439",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-03T01:21:26.397",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-03T01:21:26.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "40637",
"parent_id": "82437",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "筒抜け is a no-adjective that means \"to be completely leaked out\", \"to be\ncompletely seen through\", \"transparent\" or \"obvious\". You've got the other\nparts of the sentences wrong.\n\n * 汲む is \"to take into consideration\".\n * 思惑 in this context means \"(hidden) purpose\", \"(undisclosed) intent\". It's in apposition with 狙い.\n * 友達が欲しいという describes the content of 思惑/狙い.\n\n> 「普通なら二度と口を利かないところだけれど、涙ぐましい努力だけは汲んでおいてあげるわ」 \n> \"Normally I wouldn't talk to (someone like) you again, but for your sake\n> I'll at least remember/consider this miserable effort (you've made) (, so\n> you must thank me).\"\n>\n> どうやらこっちの友達が欲しいと言う狙い、思惑は全部筒抜けらしい。 \n> Looks like my intent to make friends (with her or someone else) has been\n> completely seen through by her.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-10T02:48:36.933",
"id": "82545",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-10T04:14:38.770",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-10T04:14:38.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82437",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
82437
|
82545
|
82545
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 先日の会議の内容は、後ほど書面にてご報告する次第です。\n\nI think the sentence means something along the lines of: \"As for the contents\nof the meeting the other day, it will be reported in writing later.\"\n\nBut this kinda ignores the 次第です...\n\nI'm used to thinking of 次第だ as meaning \"depending on\", but I don't see how it\nfits here. Looking in a dictionary, I see that 次第 can also mean \"as soon as\"\nwhen used with verbs, but that also seems off.\n\nAny hints on what the 次第 means in this context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-02T23:58:06.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82438",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-03T02:00:53.940",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-03T02:00:53.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "25783",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is 次第 doing in this sentence?",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "〜という状況です」「〜といういきさつです」といった物事や事柄の事情や由来の説明の意味 [enter link description\nhere](https://eigobu.jp/magazine/shidai)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-03T00:07:42.630",
"id": "82440",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-03T00:07:42.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40637",
"parent_id": "82438",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82438
| null |
82440
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can you change my chinese name 陳翔榮(陈翔荣）(Chén Xíangróng) to a japanese name\nsounding like a native japanese? Many people said it would be Chin Shōei by\nusing a method to read chinese word. I prefer to read as a japanese native\nsound. Help me guys!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-03T05:27:02.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82441",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T10:29:55.173",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-03T05:34:04.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "40806",
"owner_user_id": "40806",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names"
],
"title": "Seeking a japanese native sounding name from chinese name 陳翔榮(陈翔荣）(Chén Xíangróng)",
"view_count": 164
}
|
[
{
"body": "It would be hard. The \"native\" Japanese language didn't/doesn't have ん (n, ng)\nexcept for special cases. Most instances of the ん sound in the Japanese\nlanguage came from China to pronounce Chinese characters, or occur, today, to\npronounce Western words.\n\nThe closest sounding Japanese pronunciation of your name would be 「チェン シャン ロン」\nbut it decidedly sounds Chinese, not native Japanese.\n\nTo make it sound like a native Japanese word, we would have to get rid of the\nン's. Perhaps「チェシャロ」 or 「チシャロ」?\n\nBut, I would suggest that you explore \"translating\" your name, instead, using\nthe meanings, not sounds, of the Chinese characters.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T07:12:16.997",
"id": "82479",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T07:12:16.997",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9983",
"parent_id": "82441",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "My Japanese teachers, one Chinese and one native Japanese, used 音読み to call\nour Chinese names. 音読み may be close to pronunciation of Chinese characters\nfrom Tang to Sung Dynasties.\n\nYou may keep using\n\n> 陳{ちん} 翔{しょう} 榮{えい}\n\nwhich is what suggested by people you mentioned.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T10:15:34.163",
"id": "82482",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T10:29:55.173",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-05T10:29:55.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "34389",
"owner_user_id": "34389",
"parent_id": "82441",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82441
| null |
82482
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82451",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence that includes the phrase.\n\n> なんと 忘れてしまった！ 格好だけに **こうしちゃおれんな** ！",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-03T09:18:56.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82442",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-04T04:00:04.627",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"phrases",
"video-games"
],
"title": "What does the phrase 「こうしちゃおれんな」mean?",
"view_count": 234
}
|
[
{
"body": "こうしちゃおれん is a contraction of こうしてはいられない. It's used by an ojisan-type speaker.\nては becomes ちゃ in colloquial speech. おれん is a colloquial negative form of おれる,\nwhich is a potential form of おる, which is a little dialectal variant of いる.\n\nこうしてはいられない literally means \"I/We cannot be doing this\", but it's an idiom that\nmeans something along the lines of \"It's of no use staying here\", \"We're\nwasting time now\", \"(I just noticed) I must handle this now\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-04T04:00:04.627",
"id": "82451",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-04T04:00:04.627",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82442",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
82442
|
82451
|
82451
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82473",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yx7Qc.jpg)\n\nI already search for it on Jisho, but I was not be able to find the meaning of\nthis \"らめえ\" thing. Could someone help me?\n\nEdit: about the context, it was a rich teenager girl who was talking to her\nservant in a group meeting. Since she was saying something about \"today\" and\n\"miss\" (title), and by her facial expression, she was probably denying the\naction of her servant calling her \"さま\" in that day, probably wanting to hide\nthe fact that he is her servant. Even so らめえ was probably denying something in\nthat context, I didn't get it's true meaning.\n\nObs: she was not drunk.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-03T17:40:12.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82445",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T03:11:19.377",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-03T22:35:40.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "38577",
"owner_user_id": "38577",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"らめえ\"",
"view_count": 1083
}
|
[
{
"body": "I searched らめぇ on Google and the first few links all explain it as meaning だめ\nor やめろ, which seems to make sense in this context right?\n\n<https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%82%89%E3%82%81%E3%81%87>\n\n<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%89%E3%82%81%E3%81%87>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-04T17:05:23.757",
"id": "82460",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-04T17:05:23.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"parent_id": "82445",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I've seen the \"らめぇ!\" translated into English as \"Ron't!\". \nThe word \"らめぇ!\" is a lispy way of saying \"だめ\". (to cannot speak clearly /\nろれつが回らない状態). \nIt is used to joke around a little, and is used for hedonic or infantile\nexpressions. It is slang for a subculture.\n\n[「らめぇ」とは？！意味を解説](https://meaning-book.com/blog/20191122144353.html)\n\n* * *\n\nI'm not an expert, so I don't know, but some people have said the following.\n\n> まともな人間なので、「らめぇ」が英語で「Ron't…」と訳されているという事実に言及し、これは言語学的には/t, d, n, s,\n> z/などの歯茎位置を使う子音の閉鎖や狭めが弱まってより緩い歯茎音の/r/に至る自然な現象でありR-18表現に使われるのは示唆的であると説明しておく。 \n> [Twitter / anima_solaris (via\n> spindrift64)](https://minbow3.tumblr.com/post/165539913709/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%82%89%E3%82%81%E3%81%87%E3%81%8C%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%A7ront%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%AE%9F%E3%81%AB%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%97%E3%81%93%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AF%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84)\n\n>\n> Ron't：成人漫画などで見かける「らめぇ」（「だめぇ」の舌足らずな風な発音を表現）を訳したもの（Don't→Ron't）。ただし、本当にこうした語が作られていたのか疑問視する声もある(らめぇ！は本当にRon't!と略されていたのか問題\n> : lowlevelaware)。海外の情報源発見できず。 \n> [【メモ用】HENTAI用語集](https://shijimi-no-\n> misoshiru.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/06/17/175700)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T03:11:19.377",
"id": "82473",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T03:11:19.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
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}
] |
82445
|
82473
|
82473
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82453",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Full text:\nこのためには、都市部における経済活動のボトルネックになっている電力等の都市・産業インフラの脆弱性を抜本的に改善し、外資を含む製造業の立地環境を整備する必要がある。\n\nMy understanding: For this purpose, drastic improvements are required in the\nfragile and vulnerable urban industrial infrastructure such as electric power,\nwhich has become a bottleneck for economic activity in urban areas, need to\nimprove the environment\n\nMy issue: how do we translate 外資を含む in this sentence? is it foreign capital/\ninvestment including the manufacturing industry or foreign capital embracing\nthe manufacturing industry?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-03T18:52:36.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82446",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-04T12:11:41.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-usage",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "how do we translate 外資を含む in this sentence?",
"view_count": 80
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you noticed, 外資を含む製造業 can be interpreted in two ways. The one is \"the\nmanufacturing industry that has foreign capital\" and the other is \"the\nmanufacturing industry including foreign-affiliated companies\". I think it\nmeans the latter because of the context. In this case, it is not necessary to\nlimit the manufacturing industry to one that has foreign capital.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-04T04:39:11.907",
"id": "82453",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-04T12:11:41.743",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
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"parent_id": "82446",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82446
|
82453
|
82453
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82483",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both も and と, when used with counters, emphasize the size of the amount being\nmentioned. From what I've learned, も usually emphasizes how \"large\" it is\nwhile と emphasizes how \"small\" something is. I would like to know if も can\nreplace と in contexts where the sentence is emphasizing the insignificance of\nthe counter.\n\nFor example, for this sentence:\n\n> 一分とかからない \n> It won't even take a minute.\n\n> 一分もかからない \n> It won't even take a minute.\n\nWould replacing と with も here sound natural? If it does, are there any changes\nin nuances?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-03T20:10:13.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82447",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-11-03T21:01:52.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "21657",
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Interchangeability of も and と to emphasize size",
"view_count": 95
}
|
[
{
"body": "I feel the latter も more colloquial or casual.\n\nと in this case cannot be used with positive predicate, so †1分とかかる is\nungrammatical. This property may lead the feeling that と emphasizes\n\"small\"ness.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T10:29:02.447",
"id": "82483",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T10:29:02.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14210",
"parent_id": "82447",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82447
|
82483
|
82483
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "After giving a ride to a girl, a character says: 放課後 迎えに来っからよ\n\nThen the girl says: 冗談！ お顔と相談ね！ ちょっとバイクに 乗せてもらったからってたまりませんわ！\n\nI didn't understand the meaning of the たまりません. Could you explain me?\n\nお返事、ありがとうございます",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-03T23:56:48.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82449",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T18:49:24.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What mean たまらない in this sentence",
"view_count": 275
}
|
[
{
"body": "たまらない (or たまらん, たまんねー, etc.; literally \"won't stay\") is a fixed way to say\neither of:\n\n * it's so bad that I cannot bear it; no way; unbearable; unreasonable; overwhelmed\n * it's so cool that I cannot hold it; irresistible\n\nAs always, the meaning depends on the context. In your situation, it's used in\nthe former sense. She's saying dating her after school is out of the question\nand she is amazed/overwhelmed by such an unreasonable suggestion. (By the way,\nthis せんわ is a Kansai-ben sentence ender. Is she a kansai-ben speaker?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-04T03:45:51.387",
"id": "82450",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T18:49:24.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-07T18:49:24.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "In conclusion.\n\n * In this sentence, 「たまらない」 means something close to **\" not acceptable\"**.\n * 「〜わ」 is so-called [お嬢様言葉/山の手の女言葉](https://osito.jp/minkana/yamanote.html). \nIt's an expression that was used in some areas/social classes.\n\n* * *\n\nThe verb 「〜{で|て}たまらない」 has the meaning of 「非常に～だ (it's very ~)」 attached to\nwords that express the emotions and desires of the speaker.\n\n「たまらない」 is written as 「堪らない」 in Kanji. \nThe Kanji 「堪」 used is expressed as 「堪える」 (kora-eru / ta-eru) and has some\nmeaning like the example sentence\n\n * 痛みを\"我慢する\": \"Put up\" the pain\n * \"堪忍する（許す）\": Patience (forgive)\n * 痛みに\"耐え続ける\": \"Continue to endure\" pain\n * 空腹を\"こらえる\": \"Stave off\" hunger\n\nExample sentences in the negative form:\n\n * 空腹をこらえる。 <--> 空腹をこらえられない。\n * 空腹にたえる。 <--> 空腹にたえられない。\n\n* * *\n\n> After giving a ride to a girl, a character says: 放課後 迎えに来っからよ Then the girl\n> says: 冗談！ お顔と相談ね！ ちょっとバイクに 乗せてもらったからってたまりませんわ！\n\nSince the girl says 「冗談！ お顔と相談ね！」, we can assume that she is refusing the\ninvitation of a character.\n\nFollowing the explanation of 「たまらない」 above, we can rephrase 「ちょっとバイクに\n乗せてもらったからってたまりませんわ！」 as 「ちょっとバイクに\n乗せてもらったからって（characterが迎えに来ることを）許せない（許容できない）わ！」(I can't allow a character to\npick me up.).\n\n* * *\n\nreference \n[コトバンクでの堪えるの解説 (Explanation of 堪える on\nコトバンク)](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A0%AA%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B-502120)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-04T11:16:21.393",
"id": "82457",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-04T11:16:21.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39141",
"parent_id": "82449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82449
| null |
82450
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've found other ways to say \"as you can see\" but most of them are the\nliterate verb to see 見てる. I'm trying to explain something in the sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-04T04:12:51.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82452",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-04T05:03:39.560",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-04T04:24:50.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "40455",
"owner_user_id": "40455",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How do you say as you can see?",
"view_count": 602
}
|
[
{
"body": "It depends on the formality of the audience, but the expected translations in\na formal register would be ご覧の通り or ご覧のように, with 見ての通り being a possibility in\na more relaxed register.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-04T05:03:39.560",
"id": "82454",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-04T05:03:39.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "816",
"parent_id": "82452",
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"score": 2
}
] |
82452
| null |
82454
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82458",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've come across the expression 懐に入れた人間 a couple of times in texts describing\n(male) characters, e.g. 一度懐に入れた人間はとことん甘やかしてしまう, but I don't quite understand\nwhat it means. \"Once he thinks dearly of someone, he will pamper that person a\nlot\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-04T10:44:55.547",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
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"title": "Meaning of 懐に入れた人間",
"view_count": 149
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"body": "There is an idiom \"懐に入る\", which means \"to gain someone's trust and favor\". For\nexample, 彼女は人の懐に入るのがうまい. So 懐に入れた人間 means \"person whom I trust and like\".",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-04T15:43:43.153",
"id": "82458",
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"body": "To expand on Yuuichi Tam's answer, the 懐【ふところ】 is the pouch-y part of a kimono\nwhere the left and right sides of the robe overlap, and this area tends to\npouch out a bit over the obi. This is where folks would traditionally keep a\nbillfold, for example. This is pretty close to the middle of one's chest, and\nthus one's heart, so 懐【ふところ】に入【い】れる became a metaphor for \"to let [someone]\ninto one's heart\" → \"to think dearly and fondly about someone\".",
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"body": "Why つぎの じゅぎょう is correct when おもしろい じゅぎょう is without の? Can you explain,\nplease? つぎ and おもしろい are both adjectives, are not they?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-04T16:31:03.240",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "why つぎの じゅぎょう is correct?when おもしろい じゅぎょう is without の?",
"view_count": 154
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[
{
"body": "There are different types of adjectives in Japanese and the way they modify\nsomething is different.\n\nつぎ is what is sometimes known as a \"no-adjective\", which are words that are\nnouns in Japanese, but are used as adjectives in languages such as English.\nThe typical way to make nouns into modifiers is by adding の so they really\njust follow this pattern. That's why we need the の in つぎ **の** じゅぎょう\n\nおもしろい is what is known as a \"i-adjective\". They end in い, but not all things\nthat end with い are \"i-adjectives\". They can attach directly to a noun to\nmodify it, which is why おもしろい じゅぎょう is correct.\n\nThere are also \"na-adjectives,\" which work by adding a な before the word they\nmodify. For example, 好き{すき} **な** じゅぎょう.",
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"body": "This is script from a game where 2 characters are talking to each other. One\nsays:\n\n> 「賞金が出たら馬を買おう \n> セボック村にまた馬が戻ってくるんだ \n> 徴集兵のバイトなんかオサラバだぜ\n\nHere is the NTSC-U version:\n\n> With a reward, I'll get a horse \n> and return to T'Bok Village. \n> It'll end my mercenary work.\n\nI don't understand what また馬が戻ってくるんだ means exactly. Maybe, \"Horses are making a\ncomeback in T'Bok Village.\" or \"Horses are becoming popular once again in\nT'Bok Village.\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-04T18:32:15.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2020-11-04T21:13:32.670",
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"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"syntax",
"kana"
],
"title": "Can the phrase にまた_が戻ってくるんだ have multiple meanings?",
"view_count": 61
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[
{
"body": "## The text and translation\n\nI'm not sure what NTSC-U is, and we don't have a lot of context, but their\ntranslation seems a bit off.\n\nLet's treat each line as a separate statement.\n\n> 賞金が出たら馬を買おう\n\nBreaking that down word by word:\n\n> [賞金]{Reward }[が]{[SUBJ] }[出たら]{if/when comes out }[馬]{horse }[を]{[OBJ]\n> }[買おう]{maybe/will buy}\n\n\"With a reward, I'll get a horse\" → Close enough, I guess.\n\n> セボック村にまた馬が戻ってくるんだ\n\n→\n\n> [セボック]{T'Bok }[村]{village }[に]{to }[また]{again }[馬]{horse }[が]{[SUBJ]\n> }[戻ってくる]{return / come back }[んだ]{[EXPLANATORY]}\n\n\"and return to T'Bok Village.\" → Given the grammar of the previous line ending\nin 買おう, this next line must be a separate statement: \"[Horses in general /\nthis horse in specific] will come back again to T'Bok Village.\"\n\n> 徴集兵のバイトなんかオサラバだぜ\n\n→\n\n> [徴集兵]{conscript soldier / draftee }[の]{[POSSESSIVE] }[バイト]{part-time job\n> }[なんか]{kind of thing }[オサラバ]{farewell }[だ]{[PREDICATE] }[ぜ]{[EMPHATIC]}\n\n## Your specific question\n\n> Can the phrase にまた_が戻ってくるんだ have multiple meanings?\n\nI suspect there's some confusion here. I hope the breakdown above helps\nexplain the overall structure better.\n\nRegarding two specific things in your question:\n\n * The に applies to the preceding noun, and in this context it's basically \"to [the village]\".\n * The また is just \"again\". Here, it emphasizes the sense of \"returning\" expressed by the verb phrase 戻ってくる.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-04T18:58:04.800",
"id": "82465",
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"body": "As a disclaimer, I have read this link, [Why does Japanese have two kinds of\nadjectives? (-i adjectives and -na\nadjectives)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1008/why-does-\njapanese-have-two-kinds-of-adjectives-i-adjectives-and-na-adjective) and it\ncould be because it hasn't processed in my brain yet, but I'm not sure I'm\ncloser to some of my answers below. I've never posted here before, so if it is\nbetter practice to link me somewhere else if it's already answered my\nquestion, that would be great too.\n\nHi. Just decided to delve deep into the technicalities of Japanese grammar.\nFor reference, I've been watching CureDolly's videos (she says her method is\nbased on Jay Rubin's approach, and she often contrasts with \"textbook\"\ninformation). I'm not sure if the \"books\" are right, Jay Rubin is wrong, but\nI'm confused on if this is a black white thing. Is this how Japanese linguists\nthink of Japanese? Or how English linguists think of Japanese? Is this\ndebated? Examples below.\n\nI'm currently in a university Japanese class and just learned about\nadjectives. Now, I know that there is a distinction between 'Na adjectives\"\nand \"I adjectives\", and that is predicative forms of na adjectives need a\nstate of being copula to form a complete idea. 花がきれい（だ）。Contrastively, i\nadjectives have a state of being function built into the \"い\".\n\nFirst question, in my previous phrase, an example like 花が赤い forms a complete\nsentence, and politeness marking is unnecessary. Why and how does the い have a\nstate of being in this scenario?\n\nContinuing, in plain Japanese, I understand that for I adjectives, they\n\"conjugate\" like this:\n\n赤い（あかい）to あかく（ない）、あか（かった）、and あかく（なかった）。\n\nSecond question, why あかい not use the く in the stem? Does this have something\nto do with the fact that the state of being is shown with a verb, and non-\nexistence with an adjective? Maybe this has to do with the answer of my first\nquestion.\n\nFurthermore, the versions we learn in class (of course being polite), are the\nsame as above with です at the end. What is the distinction between these and\nthe plain Japanese from the last example? Are these just more polite?\n\nNext, when な adjectives are used as a predicate, the polite forms we learn in\nclass can be demonstrated as such:\n\n静か（です）、静か（じゃないです）、静か（でした）、静か（じゃなかったです）。\n\nIf I am correct, na adjectives used as a predicate follow the same rules and\nuse the same ending forms as nouns, or at least my textbook says so. Here is\nan example sentence of two grammatical sentences according to the textbook.\n\n静か（じゃなかったです）。and キムさんは四年生じゃなかったです。\n\nTwo questions here. What do these sentences look like in PLAIN japanese?\nSecond, why can I not use ありませんでした in the second sentence?\n\nThank you very much for your help in my efforts to get better at this\ninteresting language.\n\nありがとうございます",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-04T18:57:32.457",
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"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Confusion on the pedagogy of adjective conjugation and interpretation of helper verbs and adjectives",
"view_count": 124
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{
"body": "You've got too much in here for one post, which I'm guessing may account for\nyour downvote.\n\nLet me try to keep it simple.\n\n> First question, in my previous phrase, an example like 花が赤い forms a complete\n> sentence, and politeness marking is unnecessary.\n\nPoliteness marking **is** necessary for both い and な adjectives.\n\n * Plain / informal: \n * 赤【あか】い\n * 綺麗【きれい】だ\n * Polite / formal: \n * 赤【あか】いです\n * 綺麗【きれい】です\n\nThe plain い adjective already contains the basic predication function, and\nthus does not need the だ -- the だ only serves to mark the end of a predicate\nwhen the sentence does not already end in a predicative word (like an い\nadjective or a verb).\n\nHowever, です does two things -- it marks the predicate (if needed), _and_ it\nincludes information about the formality register. For polite / formal\ncontexts, ending in just an い adjective is a full predicate, but the い\nadjective alone includes no information about formality register -- so you\nneed the です to provide that.\n\n> Why and how does the い have a state of being in this scenario?\n\nSome linguists describe い adjectives instead as \"stative verbs\" -- they\ndescribe state, and they can close a predicate the same way that a verb can.\nThey inherently include a kind of simple \"to be\" sense. This is just a\nproperty of this class of word in Japanese, and there isn't really much \"why\"\nto talk about.\n\nIf you want to go really deep, I recommend Bjarke Frellesvig's _A History of\nthe Japanese Language_. He discusses a possibility that the い ending on modern\nい adjectives may have grown out of an ancient copular (\"to be\" verb) suffixing\nelement.\n\n> Second question, why あかい not use the く in the stem?\n\nUm... it does. Not sure what you're asking here? All of the adverbial or\nconnective forms of い adjectives are created by replacing the い with く.\n\nIt's possible you're asking about the past-tense form. For 赤【あか】い, that's\n赤【あか】かった, which has no く. In truth, the past-tense forms for all い adjectives\nare contractions of earlier ～く + あった. This あった is the simple past tense of the\nverb ある. Even the past tense of the negative has this: 赤【あか】くなかった = 赤【あか】く +\nなく + あった.\n\nYou might still encounter un-contracted form ～くあった in some texts, or the\npolite version ～くありました.\n\n> If I am correct, na adjectives used as a predicate follow the same rules and\n> use the same ending forms as nouns, or at least my textbook says so.\n\nYes, basically speaking, this is correct.\n\n> What do these sentences look like in PLAIN Japanese?\n\n * Polite / formal register: \n * 静か（じゃなかったです）。\n * キムさんは四年生じゃなかったです。\n * Plain / informal register: \n * 静か（じゃなかった）。\n * キムさんは四年生じゃなかった。\n\nNote that the negative ending ない functions grammatically the same as any other\nい adjective. For present or future tense plain / informal, it just ends in ない,\nand the past ends in なかった. For present or future or past polite / formal, you\nneed the です to indicate the register (as described above).\n\n> Second, why can I not use ありませんでした in the second sentence?\n\nYou can. In general, this is slightly more formal than なかったです, and that\nformality carries over to un-contracting the preceding particle -- so the じゃ\nbecomes では.\n\n * ～じゃなかったです\n * ～ではありませんでした\n\n* * *\n\nSee also [Why can't だ be used after an\nI-adjective?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43244/why-\ncant-%e3%81%a0-be-used-after-an-i-adjective/43246#43246)\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your questions.",
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"body": "I'm currently studying Japanese using Genki as one of my resources. At the end\nof Lesson 8 for the second edition of Genki I, in a section called Expression\nNotes 9, the textbooks tries to explain that as many irregular verbs are just\nthe combination of a noun and する, many of the nouns can be used as the object\nof a sentence.\n\nThey then go on to give two examples of this, the first set being the two\nsentences:\n\n私は日本語の勉強をしました。\n\nvs\n\n私は日本語を勉強しました。\n\nBut I'm not sure I understand the nuance between these two sentences. If asked\nto translate the sentiment, I would've come up with the second sentence more\neasily, I think. Is there a slight difference between these, or is it just\nanother way of expressing the same concept? And if so, does anyone have any\nmore examples or recommendations on additional resources covering this topic?\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-04T20:51:05.757",
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"id": "82467",
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"owner_user_id": "39524",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "What's the nuance between these two example sentrences from Genki I?",
"view_count": 61
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[
{
"body": "の marks a word modifying the word after it. In AのB, A modifies B. In the first\nexample, 日本語 is modifying 勉強. When you write 日本語の勉強, you are essentially\nsaying \"Study of Japanese\" or \"Japanese study\". \"Japanese Study\" is the object\nof する. The literal translation of your first example would be:\n\n> 私は日本語の勉強をしました。 \n> I did Japanese Studies.\n\nThe second one is more straightforward. 日本語 is the object of 勉強する. 勉強する\nessentially acts as a verb.\n\n> 私は日本語を勉強しました。 \n> I studied Japanese.",
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"body": "The speaker was holding his girlfriends hand as she was sick in bed and he\nsaid:\n\n> いい加減寝てもわらないと手が痛いんですが\n\nHowever I am looking at this and wondering whether this should be parsed as\ntwo separate parts i.e. \nいい加減寝てもわらないと（駄目）。手が痛いんですが。\n\nOr whether this is actually already a complete conditional. In this case, I'm\nnot quite sure I understand how it works. To me it reads something like, if\nyou don't go to sleep already my hand will/does hurt.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-04T21:46:59.113",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help with this conditional",
"view_count": 54
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[
{
"body": "This is a \"normal\" conditional sentence, and nothing is omitted. Your\ntranslation seems perfectly legitimate. 手が痛い mainly refers to something that\ncan happen in the future (although he is starting to feel pain now).",
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"body": "From what I understand the word can be used to describe teasing, window\nshopping, etc, but I am not quite sure what it means in this context.\n\n「そんなあなたにぴったりのこのコーナー！ 題して」\n\n「『どうやったらそんなに一途な恋を見つけられるんですか！？』 **冷やかし上等** ！ ラブマスターの経験から学ぶ出会いのテクニック」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-04T23:02:56.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82472",
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"owner_user_id": "40790",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 冷やかし上等",
"view_count": 97
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{
"body": "It's the \"冷やかし\" for \"このコーナー(title: 『どうやったらそんなに一途な恋を見つけられるんですか！？』冷やかし上等！\nラブマスターの経験から学ぶ出会いのテクニック)\".\n\n\"冷やかす\" doesn't mean \"window shopping\" but rather \"looking around for products\nwith no intention of buying.\" \n\"冷やかし\" is not only used against shops, but also against events and projects.\n\nThus, in this context. \n'Even if you don't feel like watching this section closely, come on over! It's\nno problem at all ! \nThere are nuances like.",
"comment_count": 0,
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82476
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"body": "I came across this sentence: \"恋愛してもいい歳だ\"google translator says it means: \"I'm\nold enough to love\" but is that really what it means? Could you please explain\nthis grammar pattern to me?\n\nThank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T03:17:48.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82474",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T12:49:41.313",
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"owner_user_id": "39755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Could you help me understand this sentence?",
"view_count": 100
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[
{
"body": "Maybe that is about [age of\nconsent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_consent)?\n\nHere is no deep meaning\n\n恋愛 → love \nしてもいい → can do / allowed to do \n歳 → age",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T12:49:41.313",
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"body": "Supposedly, if the consonant starts with \"h\", it changes to \"p\", right? But\n\"fu\" doesn't have an \"h\". Then why does \"fu\" change to \"pu\"?",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T03:28:21.540",
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"owner_user_id": "40826",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"kana"
],
"title": "Why does \"fu\" changes to \"pu\" while it's not started with \"h\"?",
"view_count": 2162
}
|
[
{
"body": "The //h// line in the kana are a bit odd. This is mostly due to history.\n\n## Derivation\n\nWay back at the beginning of Japanese history -- and by that, I mean when we\nfirst start seeing text in the Japanese language, in the 700s or so -- the\nlanguage had a //p// sound, and the five syllables we know today as [は]{ha}\n[ひ]{hi} [ふ]{fu} [へ]{he} [ほ]{ho} were instead pronounced as something like\n//pa//, //pi//, //pu//, //pe//, and //po//.\n\nOver time, the initial //p-// sound\n[lenited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition) or softened, shifting from a\nhard //p// to something more like an //f// sound, producing //fa//, //fi//,\n//fu//, //fe//, and //fo//. Linguists think that this shift was probably\ncomplete by the [Heian period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_period)\n(794–1185).\n\nWhen this //f// sound occurred in the middle of a word, it lenited even\nfurther, shifting to more of a //w// sound. Particles are treated phonetically\n(sound-wise) as if they were suffixes, and this is why the particle は is\npronounced //wa// today. In certain combinations, the //w// disappeared --\ninitially just before //u//, since //wu// is hard to pronounce. This is the\nsame //w// that reappears in certain verb conjugations: modern verbs like\n[あう]{au} used to be [あふ]{apu} in the ancient language, and after the //p// →\n//f// → //w// shift, //awu// became //au//, but //awa// as in あわない still\nremains. Over time, the other //w// sounds -- //wi// and //we//, and to some\nextent //wo// -- all flattened out, losing the //w// and becoming just the\nvowel sounds. Only //wa// and //wo// are left, but you'll only hear //wo//\nwhen someone is deliberately emphasizing the pronunciation. Otherwise, を is\nbasically pronounced as //o//.\n\nWhere this sound didn't shift to //w// and/or vanish, the //f// shifted\nfurther to //h// -- in all cases except before //u//. This is due to the\nbiomechanics of Japanese pronunciation, where the //u// sound is made with the\nlips closer together than in English (or probably Spanish too for that\nmatter). When pronouncing the Japanese //u//, it is actually physically\ndifficult to pronounce //hu//: a bilabial //f// sound, technically\n[[[ɸ]]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative), happens\nnaturally.\n\n## Alterations\n\n### Voicing to a //b//\n\nAlthough the original //p// sound changed to //f// in the Heian period, a\n//p// sound re-emerged shortly thereafter. Voicing of a //p// clearly becomes\n//b//, and the 濁点【だくてん】 ( _dakuten_ , literally \"muddy dot\") or ゛ mark, also\nsometimes called a 点々【てんてん】 ( _tenten_ , literally \"dot dot\"), is used to mark\nvoicing for any kana that can be voiced. So we have [た]{ta} plus the _tenten_\nbecomes [だ]{da}, for instance. Even though ほ is now pronounced //ho//, the\nsame voicing rule applies as if it were a //p//, so adding the _tenten_\nproduces [ぼ]{bo}.\n\n### Hardening to a //p//\n\nBut, again, the はひふへほ sounds are historically derived from //p//. In order to\nclearly spell a //p// sound, Japanese writers invented the 半濁点【はんだくてん】 (\n_handakuten_ , literally \"half-muddy dot\") or ゜ mark, to indicate where the\nはひふへほ kana should be read with the //p// sound.\n\n## Romanizing\n\nYour question mentions the letters \"h\" and \"f\". Remember that Japanese was\nnever written using the Latin alphabet -- so any spellings using Latin letters\nshould only ever be considered as learning aids.\n\nSince the Latin alphabet is new to Japanese, different writers using romaji\nhave different ideas about which letters to use. Different romanization\nsystems have developed to try to represent the Japanese language in Latin\nletters. Some try to use letters that are closer to how an English speaker\nmight pronounce Japanese sounds (like using ⟨ fu ⟩ to spell [[ɸu]], since this\nsounds closer to \"fu\" for English speakers), and others try to use letters\nthat are closer to some consistent theory of phonemic (sound-meaning)\nrepresentation (like using ⟨ hu ⟩ to spell [[ɸu]], since most of the はひふへほ\nkana start with an //h// phoneme).\n\nSee also the Wikipedia article at [Romanization of\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese).\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T04:54:23.873",
"id": "82477",
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"score": 39
}
] |
82475
| null |
82477
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I was wondering if there is any clear rule as when to use plain form vs の\n\neg. その食べっている人。 ラメンをたべるのが好き。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T06:21:58.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82478",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-06T08:15:20.497",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-06T08:15:20.497",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "40080",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"particle-の",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Verb nominalization with plain form vs の",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are grammatically different. ご飯を食べている人 is \"person who is having a meal\".\nThis phrase ご飯を食べている modifies 人.\n\nNominalization with の is used for nominalizing a phrase or sentence. This\nphrase ラーメンをたべる is nominalized by using の such as ラーメンをたべるの.\n\nFor example, ラーメンを食べる人が好き(I like the person who eats ramen), ラーメンを食べるのが好き(I\nlike eating ramen).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T09:23:28.000",
"id": "82480",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T09:28:49.073",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-05T09:28:49.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "82478",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
82478
| null |
82480
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "82484",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> それらは必ず母屋から離れて、青葉の臭いや苔の臭いのしてくるような植え込みの影に設けてあり、 **廊下を伝わっていくのであるが、**\n> その薄暗い光線の中にうずくまって、ほんのりや明るい障子の反射を受けながら瞑想にふけり、またはそう外の庭の景色を眺める気持ちは何とも言えない。\n\nWhat is the meaning of the sentence written in bold here? Is the subject the\nlight rays, the shadows or the bathroom itself? It's very confusing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T10:07:05.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82481",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T23:26:33.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-05T18:42:40.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "33530",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"subjects",
"context"
],
"title": "What is the subject of this sentence? It is omitted",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "We can understand that this それら means \"bathrooms\" after reading a preceding\nsentence. So the subject is \"people who go to the bathroom\". When people walk\nalong something, 伝わっていく is sometimes used such as 屋根の上を伝わっていく.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T11:43:10.760",
"id": "82484",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-05T23:26:33.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-05T23:26:33.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "82481",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
82481
|
82484
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82484
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "My question is probably closely related to [this\none](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56839/how-to-\nuse-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F-to-express-time-\nrelated-events) but I wasn`t able to successfully apply the explanation to the\ngrammar of （もう少し/危うく）...ところだった\n\n[On this site it is stated](https://nihongonosensei.net/?p=12827) that ところだった\nis formed with 動辞形＋ところだった or 動た形＋ところだった to express the same thing, namely that\nsomething almost happened. What I am struggling with is when to use which one\nand why 動た形 can be used at all since it normally implies that something just\nended...\n\nAlso the only example sentence they actually use 動た形 is\nもう少しブレーキを踏むのが遅れていたら死んでいたところだった。\n\n * Could 死んでいた here be replaced with 死ぬ？\n * Would the meaning stay the same?\n * Is the usage of 動た形 somehow connected to ～たら or could it be also used in a sentence like 目覚まし設定し忘れて、あやうく寝過ごすところだった making it 寝過ごしたところだった?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T12:46:54.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82487",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-30T06:20:05.390",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-30T05:57:36.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "Difference between るところだった and たところだった",
"view_count": 374
}
|
[
{
"body": "家から出るところで、電話がかかってきた → When I was leaving my home (I was in front of a door), I\ngot a call.\n\n家から出たところで、電話がかかってきた → When I left home (door was behind of me), I got a call.\n\n> * Could 死んでいた here be replaced with 死ぬ？\n> * Would the meaning stay the same?\n>\n\nナイフで刺されて、死んでいたところ → stabbed by knife I was dying (but now all fine, thanks to\nmedicine). that was long process \n道路を渡っている時、顔の前に車が走って、もう少しで死ぬところだった → when I crossed the road, a car passed in\nfront of my face. It was close to death. (I was about to die)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T13:02:32.283",
"id": "82489",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-30T06:20:05.390",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-30T06:20:05.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "40831",
"parent_id": "82487",
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"score": 1
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] |
82487
| null |
82489
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{
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"body": "> そうね、じゃ、これかこれね。このポケットは大きいから、たくさん入るわね。\n\nDoes これかこれね mean is it this or is it the other?\n\nFrom my understanding the whole sentence meant something like - Because it has\nbig pocket so I can put a lot of things inside. Correct me if I am wrong and\nthank you in advance",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T18:33:21.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82490",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-14T11:02:45.303",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-05T19:09:22.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "40830",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "What does わ in this sentence meant?",
"view_count": 201
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, there is a mistake in the sentence. It should read:\n\n... たくさん入る **は** ね。\n\nIf the sentence had been just ... たくさん入る。 then the translation would be \"It\nhas lots of pockets so a lot will go in.\" However the person is expressing\nsome ambivalence in the way they are speaking. The first sentence is very\nhesitant: \"Yes, well, it's this or that, isn't it.\" The same hesitancy is\nexpressed in the second sentence by adding \"はね\". A better translation that\ngives this sense of hesitancy in English would be:\n\n\"I guess a lot will go in because it has so many pockets.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-14T09:42:29.190",
"id": "82607",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-14T09:42:29.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10072",
"parent_id": "82490",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -4
},
{
"body": "> Does これかこれね mean is it this or is it the other?\n\nYes. `か` means `or` in this case.\n\nアップルかバナナを食べよう → Let's eat apple or banana.\n\n> 入れるわね\n\nI don't know how to explain this `わ`. This is emphasis, emotion. Something\nlike `YEP, really a lot will go in`.\n\nFor example\n\nこの家を自分で建てた → I built this house by myself \nおおお、自分でできた？ やるわ！ → Wow, can you did it by yourself? You did it (you are cool,\nyou are artisan)!\n\nMaybe\n[this](https://context.reverso.net/%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E-%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E/%E3%82%8F)\nhelps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-14T10:16:21.037",
"id": "82609",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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] |
82490
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82609
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{
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"body": "I've come across a character in a show wondering:\n\n> ...っとは言った物の...どこから手を付けたものか\n\nThis was translated as:\n\n> But after all I said, where do we start?\n\nI generally view the 〜た form as past tense, but here the latter does not seem\nto be translated this way. Why is that, and what are the rules behind that?\n\nIs it possibly related to [Usage of doubled non-past tense\n\"た\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5356/usage-of-doubled-non-\npast-tense-%e3%81%9f)?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T20:00:08.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82491",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-11-05T21:49:57.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "14465",
"owner_user_id": "14465",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"tense"
],
"title": "What's this strange use of non-past 〜た in a question?",
"view_count": 100
}
|
[] |
82491
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "A common pattern I've noticed is for verbs like 行く and 来る after the て form of\nanother verb. I know this is grammatically simply verb listing, but in terms\nof meaning the verbs often times sort of merge.\n\nFor example:\n\n> やってくる \n> 入っていく \n> 登っていく \n> 出てくる\n\nI find that in these cases the second verb (くる / いく) is often times written in\nhiragana instead of kanji. Is this a rule?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-05T20:18:20.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82492",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-06T05:22:41.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"verbs",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Is there a rule to writing verbs in hiragana or kanji when used as a suffix?",
"view_count": 75
}
|
[] |
82492
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82503",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is 「うつむく・俯く」 a compound of 「うつ＋むく」? What does 「うつ」 mean here, and what's its\norigin?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-06T03:49:19.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82493",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T01:14:01.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40606",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "What's the etymology of 「うつむく・俯く」?",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "# Derivation Theory 1: Compound\n\nThis term is long enough that it's pretty certain it's a compound. Given that\nthe verb's meaning describes _facing_ a particular direction, I think your\nintuition may be correct that this is うつ (\"?\") + 向【む】く (\"to face a particular\ndirection\").\n\n## Origins of うつ\n\nRegarding quite what this うつ might be, I haven't found any resources\nspecifically discussing this word うつむく. However, there are two likely etyma\n(root words) -- 鬱【うつ】 (\"depression, sadness\") and 虚【うつ】・空【うつ】 (\"emptiness,\npointlessness, meaninglessness\").\n\nThese might seem like the same word, ultimately, but 鬱【うつ】 is the 漢音【かんおん】,\none of the later borrowings into Old Japanese, and thus has its roots in\nChinese. Meanwhile, 虚【うつ】・空【うつ】 appears to be a native morpheme (sound-meaning\npiece), appearing in other words like うつろ (\"empty space, hollowness\") or うつける\n(\"to become hollowed out\"). See also [the 全・空・虚 (うつ) entry at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%85%A8%E3%83%BB%E7%A9%BA%E3%83%BB%E8%99%9A-2011307).\n\n## Meaning shift?\n\nAs to how it is that \"empty\" came to mean \"downward\", that part isn't very\nclear. Semantically (meaning-wise), うつ (\"emptiness, nothing\") + 向【む】く (\"to\nface that direction\") could perhaps mean \"to face the ground\", but it does\nseem a bit odd.\n\nIf we look also at [the 俯 entry in the _Kokugo Dai Jiten_ at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BF%AF-614914#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8)\n(search the page for `[1] 〘自カ五（四）〙`), we see various verbs all starting with\nthis same うつ piece. うつむく didn't appear until relatively late, cited to 1563,\nand it was likely influenced by earlier constructions.\n\nThe first うつ～ verb spelled with this same 俯 kanji seems to have been うつふす,\nshowing up in texts from the late 900s. In this verb, the ふす is from\n[伏【ふ】す](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BC%8F%E3%81%99) (\"to bend low, to\nprostrate oneself\"). The nature of the verb 伏【ふ】す means it can't take a\ndirectional object, so we know that the うつ here cannot function the same way\nit might in うつ + 向【む】く. A distant possibility might be that the うつ here refers\nto the original \"hollow\" sense, from the way that a person fully prostrate, in\na posture similar to Child's Pose in yoga, is basically creating a hollowness\nwith their body. But again, this feels like we may be stretching things too\nmuch.\n\n# Derivation Theory 2: Sound Shift\n\nBefore うつむく is first attested in 1563, we see うつぶく already in 1221. I suspect\nthat うつむく represents a sound shift from うつぶく, much like various other places\nin Japanese where we see an //m// ↔ //b// shift. As such, the むく in うつむく may\nonly be a phantom -- it's not really 向【む】く (\"to face a direction\") at all.\n\n(For that matter, as described in [this _Kokugo Dai Jiten_\nentry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BB%B0%E5%90%91-2000510#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8),\nthe antonym あおむく was apparently first あふのく, as あふ from あふぐ (modern 仰【あお】ぐ, \"to\nlook up\") + のく (also \"to look up\"), which then shifted to あおむく -- so this verb\ntoo doesn't really contain 向【む】く, despite first appearances.)\n\n## Origins: ???\n\nThat still leaves us with a puzzle, though. うつ _might_ be \"emptiness, hollow\",\nbut then we don't know what ぶく would be, as there is no such verb in any\nresource I can find. This might be an example of _rendaku_ , suggesting that\nthe latter half should be ふく instead. But that too has no likely etyma, as the\nverbs for ふく all have meanings that do not fit this うつぶく verb very well: 吹く\n\"to blow\", 拭く \"to wipe something\", 葺く \"to roof a house\", 振く \"to shake\", 老く \"to\nget old\", 更く \"to get late\". None of these fit well into any compound that\nmeans \"to look downwards\".\n\nI suspect we may be stuck scratching our heads until and unless further\nhistorical textual evidence arises.",
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82493
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82503
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82503
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "82498",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Full text:\n\n> グレード・オプション装備により記録されるデータ項目は異なります。な お、コンピューターは会話などの音声や車内の映像は記録しません。\n\nMy understanding: The data items recorded will vary depending on the grade and\noptional equipment. Please note, the computer does not record any audio or in-\ncar video footage of the conversations.\n\nMy Issue: グレード・オプション. Is it grade and optional equipment or grade option\nequipment? How do we translate the ・?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-06T10:55:45.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82495",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T07:00:40.790",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-06T16:44:49.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "32678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does it mean グレード・オプション?",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "The \"・\"symbol is used as a space between two words. Japanese doesn't normally\nuse spaces, but the foreign words being used might confuse a Japanese reader,\nso the space helps the reader realise that there are two separate words: grade\nand option.\n\nFrom the context, I assume that this car(?) comes in different grades, which\nhave different specifications. On top of that, a buyer can choose different\noptions within a grade. So the data recording will depend on both the grade\n(of vehicle) and the optional equipment.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-06T14:57:49.503",
"id": "82498",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-06T14:57:49.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10072",
"parent_id": "82495",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Unless \"grade option\" has a specific meaning in your context, this `・` symbol\nis just \"and\" or \"or\". It's interchangeable with や. Your translation seems\nfine to me.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-07T07:00:40.790",
"id": "82508",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T07:00:40.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82495
|
82498
|
82498
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "学業にスポーツ、なにをやっても秀でいる兄と違い、原島は、何もかもが平凡であった。 I can`t figure out the\nmeaning/funtction of に in this sentence... I checked a page which listed\nseveral usages of\n[に](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/053.html)\nbut nothing seems to fit",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-06T14:06:10.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82496",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-06T14:43:26.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "function of に in 学業にスポーツ",
"view_count": 61
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means \" **and; in addition to** \". In case you need some source, check\n[here](https://dict.asia/jc/%E3%81%AB) or\n[here](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AB).\n\n> そのものに、さらに何かを添える意を表す。\n\nYou might have heard of 「それに」, meaning 「そのうえ。それに加えて」, example sentences:\n\n> 晴れたし、それに風もない。\n>\n> この料理まずいし、それに高い。\n\nAnd you can find the usage in\n[「ドラえもんのうた」](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vh3ZFtVqzac)\n\n> 宿題(しゅくだい) 当番(とうばん) 試験(しけん) **に** おつかい\n>\n> あんなこと こんなこと たいへんだけど\n\n宿題 当番 試験 **に** おつかい means 宿題+当番+試験+( **に** )おつかい\n\nIn you sentence, 「学業にスポーツ」 means 「学業」 plus 「スポーツ」, both the two.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-06T14:43:26.880",
"id": "82497",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-06T14:43:26.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40606",
"parent_id": "82496",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82496
| null |
82497
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am making a website and needed inspiration for a \"404 not found\" page in\nJapanese. Going to a non-existent page on Amazon.co.jp (ex:\n[amazon.co.jp/aaaaaaa](https://www.amazon.co.jp/aaaaa)) gives this message:\n\n> 何{なに}かお探{さが}しですか？\n>\n> 入力{にゅうりょく}したURLが当{とう}サイトのページと一致{いっち}しません\n\nWhen I translated it to English with Google translate, it meant:\n\n> Are you looking for something? The URL you entered does not match the page\n> on this site\n\nI then clicked the `⇄` to translate the English I just received back to\nJapanese, and I saw that **当サイト** got replaced with **このサイト**.\n\nI know they both mean \" _this website_ \" but **what is the difference between\nusing _当{とう}_ and using _この_?**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-06T18:52:50.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82499",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-27T15:14:22.867",
"last_edit_date": "2021-08-27T15:14:22.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "27180",
"owner_user_id": "27180",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 当{とう} and この?",
"view_count": 316
}
|
[
{
"body": "My understanding is that\n\n当= this (business organisation or place)\n\nこの =this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker),\nor ideas expressed by the speaker)\n\nHope that helps",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-06T21:30:57.970",
"id": "82501",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-06T21:30:57.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40207",
"parent_id": "82499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "From my feeling, 当 has a meaning of 'my' or 'our'.\n\n * 当方 = I, me, my side\n * この方 = This person (polite way)\n\nMeaning of 当サイト appears to be \"this site\" and it can be understandable. But in\nthis case, they are referring to their own site.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-08-05T05:42:06.000",
"id": "88761",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-05T05:42:06.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5069",
"parent_id": "82499",
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"score": 1
}
] |
82499
| null |
82501
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82504",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Google translate lists \"be madly in love\" and \"be infatuated\" as alternate\ntranslations for 参｛まい｝る.\n\nWhen I saw it I was like, huh?\n\nI searched 参｛まい｝る 意味｛いみ｝ on Google too and the first couple sites did list\nthings relating to love, but I didn't understand it that well.\n\nSo, could someone paint this picture for me about why 参｛まい｝る has these\ndefinitions and in what contexts it would fit those definitions?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-07T00:21:53.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82502",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T01:35:10.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"keigo"
],
"title": "How does 参｛まい｝る relate to love?",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "A handful of metaphorical uses of 参る come from a general idea of leaving and\nyielding to someone else.\n\nThese include\n\n * to be defeated (often in the form of 参った)\n * to be troubled, perplexed\n * to die\n * to fall in love (the idea being they stole your heart)\n\nSource <https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8F%82%E3%82%8B>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-07T01:35:10.653",
"id": "82504",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T01:35:10.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "82502",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
82502
|
82504
|
82504
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82507",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand a correction in a sentence. I wrote:\n\n```\n\n ことをやるクエストがありすぎます。\n \n There are too many quests to do.\n \n```\n\nBut it has been corrected to\n\n```\n\n 1. やるクエストがありすぎます。\n \n 2. やることクエストがありすぎます。\n \n 3. やることがありすぎます。\n \n```\n\nI can understand correction #1 as the こと appears to be redundant. But I don't\nreally understand correction #2 or #3. Why is `やること` used? I read the `やること`\nas `A thing which is done`, but I don't really expect the `こと` at all because\n`クエスト` is the specific noun being used. But then also in correction #3 `クエスト`\nis completely removed.\n\nSo what does `やること` mean? What's the difference between the corrections?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-07T05:52:23.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82506",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T06:54:37.557",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-07T06:27:45.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "30339",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Purpose and meaning of やること in correction",
"view_count": 202
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here クエスト and こと are both just nouns. こと means \"thing\" and やること means\n\"thing(s) to do\". Whoever corrected your sentence, Sentence 2 is\nungrammatical. Sentence 3 is a correct sentence but it just means \"There are\ntoo many things to do\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-07T06:54:37.557",
"id": "82507",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T06:54:37.557",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82506",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
82506
|
82507
|
82507
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Perhaps specific context is required but what is the real meaning behind this\nphrase?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-07T14:29:56.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82510",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-08T02:45:58.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40711",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does 決まってんだろう imply?",
"view_count": 831
}
|
[
{
"body": "決まる means \"to be settled\" or \"to be decided\", and 決まっている means \"has been\n(already) settled\". But as a set phrase, (～に)決まっている also means \"it goes\nwithout saying ～\", \"needless to say\" or \"certainly (although there is no\ndirect evidence/guarantee)\". See [JLPT N2 Grammar:\nに決まっている](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%AB%E6%B1%BA%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B-ni-\nkimatte-iru-meaning/)\n\nBy extension, when used as the reply to a question, 決まっているだろう/決まっているでしょう\neffectively sounds like \"Why ask?\" or \"Of course, ～\" or sometimes even \"That's\na stupid question\". You can think of this as a set phrase to memorize.\n\n決まってんだろう is a contraction of 決まっているだろう:\n\n * 決まっ **ている** だろう: (literally) \"It has been settled, hasn't it?\"\n * 決まっ **てる** だろう: (\"teiru → teru\" contraction described [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010))\n * 決まっ **てん** だろう: (\"ru → n\" contraction)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-08T02:40:50.960",
"id": "82515",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-08T02:45:58.203",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-08T02:45:58.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82510",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
82510
| null |
82515
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82513",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that when Chinese characters were incorporated into Japanese\nwriting/vocabulary their pronunciation changed to be easier for Japanese\npeople to pronounce, but were there any specific rules? What I mean by rules\nis if there was a systematic approach where certain Chinese phonemes were\nalways converted to certain Japanese phonemes. If so, is this still\nperceptible in Modern Chinese?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-07T17:31:35.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82511",
"last_activity_date": "2023-07-08T13:06:21.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32264",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonology",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Were there any specifics rules that were used to convert Chinese vocabulary into Japanese? Are they still perceptible in Modern Chinese?",
"view_count": 441
}
|
[
{
"body": "_Phonemes_ are not really applicable to the Chinese character system, but\nthere was (and still is) indeed a systematic approach to convert most Chinese\ncharacters' pronunciation into Japanese\n[_on'yomi_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji#On%27yomi_\\(Sino-\nJapanese_reading\\)), based on the system known as\n[_fanqie_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie) ([反切]{はんせつ}). In this system,\nany character's pronunciation is reconstructed through a description from two\nother characters 「Ｘ」 and 「Ｙ」, with the description expressed as 「ＸＹ切」. The\nreconstruction takes the [onset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable#Onset)\nof 「Ｘ」 and the [rime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable#Rime) of 「Ｙ」 to\nform the pronunciation of the character as a single syllable.\n\nThis system is _frozen_ (not _dead_ ), as it is still sometimes applicable to\nuncommon Chinese characters finding their way into a Japanese text, but it is\nentirely based on the vocabulary of [Middle\nChinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Chinese) (not [Old\nChinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese) or any variety of Modern\nChinese), which no longer characterises a living language. This is an\nimportant point, as **_on'yomi_ specifically relates to Middle Chinese words\nderived from the _fanqie_ system**, not Chinese-derived words in general. For\nexample, the following words are derived from Chinese and are written with the\nsame characters in Chinese, but are not _on'yomi_ :\n\n * [梅]{うめ} ([Baxter-Sagart OC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter%E2%80%93Sagart_\\(2014\\)): **/*C.mˤə/** )\n * [上海]{シャンハイ} (Mandarin [Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin): **Shànghǎi** )\n\n### Worked example: _Fanqie_ reconstruction of the _on'yomi_ of 「掛」\n\n * The [_fanqie_ description of 「掛」 is 「古賣切」](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8E%9B#Pronunciation)\n * _On'yomi_ of 「古」: \n * [_Go-on_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go-on): [く]{ku}\n * [_Kan-on_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan-on): [こ]{ko}\n * _On'yomi_ of 「賣」: \n * _Go-on_ : [め]{me}\n * _Kan-on_ : [ばい]{bai}\n * Taking the _on'yomi_ analogy to the onset and rime components of these characters, we can get the _on'yomi_ of 「掛」 as \n * _Go-on_ : **k** u + m **e** = **[ke]{け}**\n * _Kan-on_ : **k** o + b **ai** = **[kai]{かい}**\n\n* * *\n\nIronically, due to the comparatively simplified nature of Japanese phonology\nin _on'yomi_ words, _fanqie_ works the best in Japanese out of all the\nlanguages it is applicable to (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese). You\ncan use _fanqie_ for Mandarin Chinese, but very likely you'll get an inexact\nmatch for the onset or a not-so-correct tone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-07T19:30:58.960",
"id": "82513",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-07T19:41:50.673",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-07T19:41:50.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "82511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "It is unlikely that a modern Chinese person can recognize a Sino-Japanese word\nor name unles the 漢字 had very minimal phonetic changes and was adopted into\nJapanese accurately.\n\nA good example of it is 天才. In current Sino-Japanese, it is Tensai(てんさい). The\ndifference between Mandarin and Sino-Japanese is very minimal since the\nJapanese had no issue adopting it and didn't change its phonology over time as\nmuch. However, the majority of Sino-Japanese has been simplified, both when\nthey were first adopted into Japan and throughout Japan's history.\n\nFor example.\n\nAccording to the Japanese, Mei in 名 is Tang Chinese, and they kept this\npronunciation the same as it was during the adoption from Tang Chinese.\nHowever, the issue here is that Modern Mandarin Chinese is closer to Song\nChinese. And another issue is that during the adoption of Mei, they probably\ndidn't have the N(ん) Kana, so the Tang pronunciation of it could very easily\nbe Meing. The G gets thrown out of the window cuz Japanese still doesn't have\nany equivalent of G, so the technically Song pronunciation of 名 becomes\nMin(みん), but the problem is that Song pronunciation is not that popular in\nSino-Japanese. Wu and Tang pronunciations are much more common. The modern\nSino-Japanese Wu pronunciation for 名 is Myou but this is a simplified\npronunciation. During the first adoption, it was Myau, and since they don't\nhave G and ん wasn't a thing yet, that's what they wrote it as.\n\nSo, according to Japanese history, Old Wu Chinese for 名 would be Myaung, Tang\nwould be Meing, while Song is, of course, Ming, which are now Myou, Mei, and\nMin respectively. However, they didn't take the Song pronunciation for 名. Song\nChinese pronunciation is more rare, and is not as common as what you usually\nhear as Ming in Modern Mandarin.\n\nExample words are:\n\n名字 = Myouji 名作 = Meisaku 明朗 = Meirou 民衆 = Minshuu 民主 = Minshu 無名 = Mumei 瞑想 =\nMeisou 冥助 = Meijo 明星 = Myoujou 名代 = Myoudai 冥利 = Myouri\n\nSo unfortunately, unless you have knowledge of how Chinese was adopted and\ndeveloped in Japan, you wouldn't understand Sino-Japanese just by sound, and\nMandarin has even more deviations from Middle Chinese than other Chinese\nlanguages so that makes it harder for Mandarin speakers. Though learning the\npronunciation history is definitely fun and will make you remember the modern\nJapanese ones easier. Since there's a decent amount that stayed the same at\nthe core such as 快 Which is Kuai in Mandarin, and Kai in Modern Sino-Japanese,\nbut it used to be Kwai in Middle Japanese. So much so that they have a\nseparate kana for the historic W sound for Kwa which is くゎ. That Small わ(Wa)\nis only used like that, and you basically normally never see it in modern\nstandard Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2023-07-08T13:06:21.830",
"id": "100213",
"last_activity_date": "2023-07-08T13:06:21.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "56971",
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}
] |
82511
|
82513
|
82513
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82517",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I usually do not ask a question here unless after trying multiple times I am\nstill stumped and admit defeat.\n\nI understand that かわりもしない would mean \"has not changed even a single bit\"\nputting emphasize on the verb as part of the negative, but I do not know the\nmeaning of this も in a positive.\n\nFor now I tentatively understand かわりもします here to mean either \"he has\ndefinitely changed\" (ie, emphasis) or \"he has changed, among other things\"\n(meaning of 'also' implying other things in addition) but I don't know which\nor if it's something else altogether.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yxz7D.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-08T08:09:17.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82516",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T05:02:42.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "かわりもしますよ what is the meaning of this も?",
"view_count": 1190
}
|
[
{
"body": "This type of も does not mean \"also\". In this case, it adds the nuance of \"of\ncourse\", \"it's only natural\" or \"it's no wonder\". It is used with something\nthat describes a reason or a cause.\n\n * 昨日から何も食べてないの？ そりゃ、お腹 **も** 空くよ。\n * 昨日から何も食べてないの？ そりゃ、お腹が空き **も** するよ。\n * 全く連絡がないんだから、心配 **も** しますよ。\n * たった1000円なら、流石に買え **も** しますよ。(=買えますよ)\n * そんなに悪く言われたんじゃ、彼 **も** 怒るわけだよ／彼が怒り **も** するわけだよ。\n\nIn this manga, the reason part is added after the result part.\n\nI could not pinpoint the specific definition in monolingual dictionaries, but\nbasically this should be related to \"exclamatory-も\" or \"も to make the sentence\nsound reserved\". This も is used to vaguely describe \"how things turn out\nnaturally\".\n\n * [Odd use of も has me stumped](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32886/5010)\n * [Usage of も in a Specific Context](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/51841/5010)\n\nYou can find the same も in the [のももっともだ](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-\njapanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%A0-no-mo-\nmotto-mo-da-meaning/) construction, too.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-08T12:53:26.840",
"id": "82517",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T05:02:42.290",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-09T05:02:42.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82516",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 17
}
] |
82516
|
82517
|
82517
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So reviewing basic grammar I've come across a structure where you use は and が\nto show contrast in the following way:\n\n> (私は)土曜日は暇ですが、日曜日は忙しいです。\n\nThis sentence sounds right to me, but it would sound right like this as well:\n\n> (私は)土曜日は暇ですけど、日曜日は忙しいです。\n\nAnd I'm a little confused because all the books and websites I see explaining\nthe 〜は 〜が 〜は structure make it look like an exact sentence pattern that you\ncan't change, and I'm not sure if that's because it's incorrect otherwise or\nbecause they don't want to make it too complicated for beginners.\n\nSo is this a closed structure that can only be done like that or can you\ninsert any other linker to show contrast in the middle?\n\nApart from that, something else that confuses me a little bit is the double は\nin the sentence. I'm not talking about the two はs after each contrasted\nelement, but about the は after 私. I've never quite understood if a sentence\ncan have two topics or not, or under what circumstances. So if you're familiar\nwith the topic, even if you can't explain why, could you please confirm if\nthat's correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-08T14:34:23.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82518",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T09:14:07.073",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-08T14:47:32.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "30977",
"owner_user_id": "30977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-は",
"は-and-が",
"topic"
],
"title": "Can が be replaced by something else in this structure?",
"view_count": 96
}
|
[
{
"body": "Conjunction が has nothing to do with particle が and the は・が problem. Only\ndifference between 暇ですが and 暇ですけど is that the latter is more colloquial. Apart\nfrom that, they are the same.\n\n> I'm not talking about the two はs after each contrasted element, but about\n> the は after 私. I've never quite understood if a sentence can have two topics\n> or not, or under what circumstances.\n\n\"Topic\" or \"contrast\" are not substantial concept. They are only two different\nexplanations about an identical thing. (So, there's no grammar to restrict use\nof multiple は whether it's topic or contrast.) You use は for several reasons,\nand some grammarian thought of what those reasons have in common as \"topic\",\nand the other grammarian thought of it as \"contrast\". In the field of\neducation, both \"topic\" and \"contrast\" are used to make things easier to\nexplain. What's topic and what's contrast depend on your interpretation. In\nreality, \"topic\" and \"contrast\" are not enough to explain various use of は.\nThat's why this problem continues to confuse learners.\n\n * 日本では果物が高い：Fruits are expensive in Japan.\n * 日本で果物が高い：Fruit price is rising in Japan.\n\nWrapping up this kind of difference with \"topic\" or \"contrast\" is not really\nuseful for learners, is it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T09:14:07.073",
"id": "82526",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"score": 2
}
] |
82518
| null |
82526
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82520",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have found the sentence\n\n> 勉強会が始まり、なんだかんだ順調に回り始めていた\n\nthat was translated as\n\n> The study group seemed to have gotten off a good start\n\nBut I could not break down \"順調に回り\", could you explain?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-08T16:16:15.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82519",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T01:47:53.903",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-09T01:47:53.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "37097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"expressions"
],
"title": "meaning of the expression 順調に回る",
"view_count": 213
}
|
[
{
"body": "The third meaning of 回る according to jisho.org is _to function well_ , and 始める\nis an auxiliary verb which means _to start_ , so 回り始めた means _started\nfunctioning well_.\n\n順調に is the adverb version of 順調, which means _favourable_ , so something like\n_favourably_. If you put it all together, 順調に回り始めた is _started functioning\nwell favourably_. It sounds redundant in English, but if we assume 回る is not\nas explicit as _to function well_ , and the _well_ is more implicit, the\nsentence makes sense, and the purpose of 順調に is to emphasize how well it goes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-08T17:03:10.543",
"id": "82520",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30977",
"parent_id": "82519",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
82519
|
82520
|
82520
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82525",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "[Jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%99%8C%20%23kanji) lists 噌 as a\nJinmeiyō kanji. By my understanding this means that the Kanji is permitted to\nbe used for names, but is not considered commonly used for normal words.\n\nBut the word 味噌 (Miso) is still written with it all over the place. For\nexample the [Japanese Wikipedia\nentry](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C) for it.\n\nWhat's going on here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-08T21:19:36.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82521",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-26T17:48:24.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "Why is 噌 a Jinmeiyō kanji despite being used in 味噌?",
"view_count": 739
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to Japanese\n[戸籍法](http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=2161&vm=04&re=01)\n(Family Register Act):\n\n> 第五十条 子の名には、常用平易な文字を用いなければならない。 \n> Article 50 (1) For the given name of a child, characters that are simple\n> and in common use shall be used. \n> ２ 常用平易な文字の範囲は、法務省令でこれを定める。 \n> (2) The scope of characters that are simple and in common use shall be\n> defined by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.\n\nThis is the legal basis of maintaining 人名用漢字 list. In other words, 人名用漢字 is a\nremedial pool for \"characters that are simple and in common use\" enough to be\nused in newborn names but not selected in 常用漢字 list. The fact conversely gives\n人名用漢字 a certain connotation that it contains those secondly commonest kanji\nnext to 常用漢字 (although 常用漢字 is maintained by MEXT and 人名用漢字 by Ministry of\nJustice). For example, in 2010, 129 characters were \"promoted\" into and 5 were\n\"relegated\" from 常用漢字.\n\n噌 was introduced in the 2004 expansion, which is largely prepared with a\npurely frequency-based list, only removing some \"obviously unsuitable for\nname\" kanji (糞, 呪, 癌...) in public comments. Thus some kanji hardly has\nconnection to given names. That said, 噌 is originally an onomatopoeic\ncharacter in Chinese with no intrinsic meaning, which means there is nothing\nto prohibit you from using it as ateji as much as 味噌 is. A rare surname\n[一噌](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%99%8C%E6%B5%81) exists as a\nNoh musician family.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T04:12:42.333",
"id": "82525",
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
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},
{
"body": "> By my understanding this means that the Kanji is permitted to be used for\n> names, but is not considered commonly used for normal words.\n\nThis isn't really true. There are common words which use kanji which aren't\nJouyo or even Jinmeiyou.\n\nI don't think it should be unexpected when looking up words, just less common.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T10:06:10.413",
"id": "82527",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T10:06:10.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40856",
"parent_id": "82521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The jouyou kanji list regulates things like NHK broadcasts, government\nreports, textbooks, etc. It does not regulate Wikipedia or daily everyday\nwriting. There are many kanji that are neither jouyou kanji _nor_ jinmeiyou\nkanji, but are still used every day by Japanese people.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-26T17:48:24.240",
"id": "82800",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-26T17:48:24.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26542",
"parent_id": "82521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
82521
|
82525
|
82525
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82532",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My question stems from the last part of this excerpt where he says\nさっさとホームルームを終わらせて自由の身になりたかった. My question is because he is not the the teacher\nso he doesn't really have control over causing homeroom to end.\n\nSo I guess my question is, is he saying that he wants his teacher to end\nhomeroom (obviously this is implied) but this doesn't seem like what is stated\nbecause I imagine it would say ほしい somewhere if this was the case e.g.\nを終わらせてほしい. So how does 終わらせて work in this case if he doesn't have direct\ncontrol over the situation? Is having an indirect influence over the situation\n(he mentioned that he was interested in what type of school life they lead,\nbut didn't ask any questions as he clearly wanted to go home instead)\nsufficient enough to use a causative form of the verb?\n\n担任が過去にどんな学生生活を送っていたのかは非常に気になるところだが。今はとりあえずさっさと **ホームルームを終わらせて** 自由の身になりたかった",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-08T23:33:25.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82522",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T15:37:26.470",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40858",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Who performs the action 「ホームルームを終わらせて」",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context, apparently the narrator does have some control over the end\ntime (the homeroom will end soon if he chooses to keep silent), so saying\n終わらせる is fine. But you can use ～を終わらせる and ～を終える even when you have no\ncontrol. As long as you feel you are strongly involved in the event, you don't\nnecessarily have to be the person who can close/finish it \"officially\". For\nexample, you can safely say the following even when you are not in a \"boss\"\nposition:\n\n * 学校を終わらせて、すぐ家に帰った。\n * 5時に会議を終えたらオフィスに戻ります。\n * この戦いを終わらせて、故郷で花屋を開きたい。\n\nI think these are fine because you are essentially thinking this\nホームルーム/学校/会議/戦い is a \"task/job\" you have to finish.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T15:24:46.880",
"id": "82532",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T15:37:26.470",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-09T15:37:26.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82522",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82522
|
82532
|
82532
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's difficult for me to understand why both lines end in 娘. Is this some sort\nof quirk? It's from a character bio in Tokimeki Memorial 2. The general\nmeaning of the sentence is clear, but the ending is confusing me.\n\n「運動大好き、スポ一ツ娘\n\n勉強もよくできる娘」",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T02:21:47.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82524",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T14:57:01.470",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Sentence ending in 娘",
"view_count": 143
}
|
[
{
"body": "Simply, だ or です is omitted after 娘. Technically, this is called\n[体言止め](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14524/5010). だ/です is usually\nomitted in titles, captions, headlines, tables, and so on. (Even in English,\nobvious phrases like \"this is a\" are left out in captions, etc.)\n\nスポ一ツ娘【むすめ】 is a set phrase meaning \"sporty girl\". 勉強もよくできる娘【こ】 is a noun\nphrase with a relative clause, \"a girl who is also good at studies\". (Note\nthat 娘 in a context like this usually just means \"girl\" rather than\n\"daughter\", and is read こ as a standalone noun.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T14:57:01.470",
"id": "82531",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T14:57:01.470",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82524",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
82524
| null |
82531
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「どちらにしても」はどう使うのですか？ \n読解テキストに出てきましたが、使い方がまだ分かりません。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T11:04:07.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82528",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T20:38:52.460",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-09T15:11:01.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "40730",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「どちらにしても」の意味は何ですか",
"view_count": 184
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means \"no matter which one (you) choose\". First of all, にする means _to\nchoose_. For example, you could say:\n\n> コーヒーにする\n\nAnd it would mean _I choose coffee_ (instead of tea, for example).\n\nどちら means which one, so どちらにする would be a question meaning _which one do you\nchoose?_\n\nNow when we have interrogative pronouns like 何, 誰 or どちら, there are some words\nyou can add after them to change what they mean. In this case, we'd have でも,\nwhich means _no matter_. If 何 is _what_ , 何でも is _no matter what_ , or\n_whatever_. If 誰 is _who_ , 誰でも means _no matter who_ , or _whoever_. And if\nどちら is _which one_ , どちらでも is _no matter which one_.\n\nThe thing is that there words you add after interrogative pronouns don't\nalways immediately follow the pronoun itself. If you said どちらでもにする, you would\nmean _I choose no matter which one_. That's correct, but if you want to say\n_no matter what you choose_ , that でも (which means _no matter what_ ) must be\nafter the verb. Whenever we have で in japanese attached to nouns or pronouns,\nthe same structure is formed with the て form of a verb. In this case, the verb\nis する, so we change it to て form, して, and then add も.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T15:42:36.320",
"id": "82533",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-11-09T20:38:52.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "30977",
"owner_user_id": "30977",
"parent_id": "82528",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82528
| null |
82533
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82530",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "浦島太郎は心のやさしい若者で、毎日海へ出かけて魚をつって年老いたおとうさんとお母さんを養っていました。\n\nUrashima Taro was a young man with a kind heart; he went out to sea every day\nto go fishing to support his elderly father and mother.\n\nThis is from \"Japanese Stories for Language Learners\".\n\nNow, what I don't quite get is where the \"intent\" of Taro-san's fishing is\nshown: he goes out to sea every day to go fishing _to_ support his parents.\nThe only thing I read here is that he has a kind heart, he is young, he goes\nfishing every day out to sea, and he supports his parents. But where's the\nlink between the fishing and the supporting of his parents? Is this just a\npoor translation or am I missing something? I was also expecting 行く to be used\nhere.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T12:32:28.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82529",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T19:17:28.753",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-09T19:17:28.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "40291",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Where's the \"intent\" shown in this sentence",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here's a [usage overview](https://jn1et.com/howto-tekei/#toc10) for the て-form\nin Japanese.\n\nUsage 5 is summarised as \"Means and Method\":\n\n> 大根を買って、おでんを作ります。(I will buy a daikon and then I will make oden.)\n>\n> 大根を **使って** おでんを作ります。(I will make oden with daikon.)\n\n> バイトをして、新しいＰＣを買います。(I will work and then I will buy a new PC.)\n>\n> バイトで得た **お金で** 新しいＰＣを買います。(I will buy a new PC from my salary.)\n\nWith this usage, you're right to interpret the sentence as \"He goes out\nfishing to support his parents.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T14:51:01.373",
"id": "82530",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T14:51:01.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39516",
"parent_id": "82529",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
82529
|
82530
|
82530
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82536",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to know how to read [Japanese school\ngrades](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Japan), like 「小1」「中3」, etc.\n\nWould be very thankful if both pronunciation and accent could be provided.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T16:01:42.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82534",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T16:09:31.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40606",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "How to read Japanese school grades?",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[
{
"body": "小【しょう】, 中【ちゅう】 or 高【こう】, followed by いち/に/さん/よん/ご/ろく.\n\nThe pitch accent is always 平板 (flat/unaccented), i.e., しょうろく【LLHHH】, こうに【LHH】\nand so on.\n\nSomehow we do not usually say 大一 ～ 大四.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T16:09:31.930",
"id": "82536",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-09T16:09:31.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82534",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
82534
|
82536
|
82536
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82540",
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"body": "What is the difference between「取り除く」and standalone 「除く」? In the case of\nsimilar phrase like 「取り戻す」and「戻す」, it seems that the difference is clearer:\nthere is something about \"taking back what was yours\" in the former, while the\nlatter can be just returning something to its original state, among other\nthings.\n\nIs there a common theme among verbs that has 取り appended before the verb?",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Difference between 取り除く and 除く",
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"body": "This [Chiebukuro\npost](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12180419617)\nexplains the difference between the two quite well. To summarize, 取り除く implies\nthat the subject is (physically) directly taking action to get rid of the\nobject. 除く is often used when the object is abstract and cannot be directly\ntouched. Here are the examples given for what is valid and what is not:\n\n> たまったホコリを取り除く○ \n> たまったホコリを除く✖️ \n> To get rid of dust.\n\n> これらの条件からこの条件を除く○ \n> これらの条件からこの条件を取り除く✖️ \n> To get rid of this term from a list of terms.\n\nHowever, I think it is better to look at these words from the perspective of\n取る rather than 除く. Usually with compound verbs like 取り除く, 取る is the main\naction while the appended auxiliary verb (除く) modifies it. 取る, meaning take,\nusually means that there is a direct action done by the speaker to \"take\" the\nobject.\n\n> 取る = to take \n> 取り除く = to take and remove \n> 取り返す = to take back \n> 取り上げる = to pick up \n> 取り出す = to take out.\n\nIt isn't 取り that is being appended to the beginning of other verbs, but rather\nother verbs added to the end of 取り. Other examples of compound verbs include:\n\n> 繰り返す = to repeat \n> 走り出す = to start running \n> 愛し合う = to love each other",
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"body": "So I found this sentence:\n\n> 弥生時代にはいると食事の内容が大きく変化しました\n\nI understand its meaning, something like\n\n> In the Yayoi period, the food content changed a lot\n\nHowever, 'In the Yayoi period' is a free translation, because I don't really\nknow what いると means. Does と work as 'when'? How would you translate that? A\nliteral translation would also help for better understanding.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-09T16:29:40.987",
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"tags": [
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],
"title": "Meaning of いるとin 弥生時代にはいると…",
"view_count": 114
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[
{
"body": "The verb after 弥生時代に is 入る【はいる】 (\"to enter (an age/season)\"), not いる.\n\n> ###\n> [入る](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8B_%28%E3%81%AF%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%29/)\n>\n> 11 ある時期・地点に至る。「雨期に―・る」「月が山の陰に―・る」\n\nTherefore the literal translation is:\n\n> 弥生時代に入る【はいる】と... \n> After entering the Yayoi period, ... \n> When the Yayoi period began, ...",
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"body": "I will give an example; 出る is a verb where its unclear what you use as the\nparticle depending on circumstance. if you are to say something like \"Bill\nappeared on stage.\" you would use the particle に to however if you say are\ngoing to say \"after that i left the theater\" you would use the particle を to\nmark the place you are departing from.\n\nI realize alot of verbs its not all that complicated to determine as you can\nsimply determine the appropriate particle for the direct object and then\nmuddle your way through from their. However, in the example above normally you\nwould use a に or で particle to mark a location yet this verb uses を and に and\nif anything the appear being に makes less sense of the two. For example\nsomeone on stage behind the curtain standing still and then opening the\ncurtain, you would still use the particle に even though the person did not\nactually move.\n\nTheir are quite a few exceptions to the norm like my example above probably\naround 50 of them in total; but i don't have a good resource to look them up.\nI mostly use jisho.org which does on occasion give example sentences so you\ncan try and glean what to do but i would love a resource i can type 出る into an\nit would say に (appear) を (exit) etc for the majority of verbs.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-09T19:47:37.087",
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"owner_user_id": "30130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Resource for looking up particles for verbs,",
"view_count": 86
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|
[
{
"body": "I don't know any resource like that, but I can give you some basic rules. を\nhas three functions: direct object, place you go out from (like in your\nexample) and place you pass by (with verbs like 散歩する). If it's not any of\nthose we're talking about, you can forget を.\n\nへ can only be used for direction, and if へ can be used, に is also valid. The\nonly difference is that に focuses more on the destination, rather than the\ndirection.\n\nIf an action takes place somewhere, that's marked with で. に only marks the\nplace of state verbs like いる, ある or 住む, but not of action verbs like pretty\nmuch any other verb in the Japanese language.\n\nIn any other case, if your complement is a place you can usually use に. For\nexample, with 置く, _to put_ , the place where you put something is marked with\nに. It doesn't have anything to do with the difference between action and state\nverb, because it's not the place where you are that we're talking about. It's\nthe place where you leave something. So the action doesn't happen there, it's\nmore like the destination of the action.\n\nRules are pretty regular, and if you learn them you can always know what\nparticle to use in each case.\n\nEdit: ok sorry honestly I was just thinking about place markers. Other verbs\nare more complex. Some grammatical structures like the causative or the\npotential have some explanations you have to read on a grammar book or website\nbecause they have specific nuances. For common individual verbs when it's not\nclear what particle is right, I usually just go to jisho.org or any other\ndictionary and search example sentences. If I don't find anything, I ask in\nHiNative, which usually gives you less detailed answers than this site but\nmuch quicker and from natives, which is great if you just need to see a\nsentence and understand what particle to use. Hope it helps.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-09T20:02:41.213",
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82542
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{
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"body": "Japanese seems to have multiple ways of enumerating sequences. The basic one\nis ordinal numbers:\n\n * Arabic (Indian) numbers like in English: 1,2,3\n * classic Chinese numbers: 一、二、三 etc.\n * special legal numerals: 壱、弍、参 etc.\n * special version of “one”/“first” can be used初号、初版\n\nThe “letters”:\n\n * Latin alphabet (a, b, c, etc.).\n * goujon order (AFAIK usually katakana vowels: ア、イ、ウ、エ、オ); I’ve seen this used in some dictionaries and scientific papers.\n * iroha order (いろはにほへと) - not sure if actually used\n\nThen there are some specialized ones:\n\n * two-volume book: 上巻、下巻\n * three-volume book: 上巻、中巻、下巻\n * three sizes (S,M,L): 小、中、大 \n\nAnd something I discovered today:\n\n * Four-item sequence (ABCD): 甲乙丙丁, apparently originating from the Chinese sexagenary year cycle\n\nAre there any others? What are the situations you would use one over the\nother?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-09T23:57:07.843",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"kanji",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Different ways of enumeration",
"view_count": 388
}
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[
{
"body": "I think you have already listed all of the common and not-so-common ones.\n\n * あ い う\n * ア イ ウ\n * 一 二 三\n * イ ロ ハ (usually katakana)\n * 甲 乙 丙 (explained [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1416/5010))\n * 1 2 3 / A B C / a b c / I II III / i ii iii\n\nThese letters are often enclosed in parentheses or\n[circles](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/50519/5010).\n\nイロハ is still widely used in legal documents, dictionaries and such. It's at\nleast much more common than 甲乙丙. You can check [this \"pathological\" example of\nイロハ順](https://www.mhlw.go.jp/web/t_doc?dataId=84aa9729&dataType=0&pageNo=2);\nthey used up all the katakana and started to use イイ, イロ and so on!\n\n上(中)下 is only for two- or three-volume books. 天地(人) can be used in a similar\nmanner\n([example](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E8%87%A3%E8%94%B5_%E5%A4%A9%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%BB%E3%83%BB%E5%9C%B0%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%BB)),\nbut it's very rare.",
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82559
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"body": "I learned that ている can be used in both Continuous Tense and Perfect Tense, and\nwith both instant state change verbs and durative verbs. If we consider only\ndurative verbs (e.g. 食べる, 作る etc.)\n\nWhen is ている interpreted as Perfect Tense, and when does it mean Continuous\nTense? Let us say, my mom asks me, お祖母さんが食べたか？ If I answer お祖母さんが食べています it can\nmean, both \"My grandmother has eaten the food\", and \"My grandmother is eating\nthe food\". However, what I want to imply by using ている is that she has eaten\nthe food i.e. to use the perfect tense.\n\nA different example:\n\n> Yamada-san: あなたは何個のクッキーを作っていますか？\n>\n> Sakura-san: 私は20個のクッキーを作っています\n\nている seems to mean either continuous or perfect tense, and the English\ntranslation provided by the dialogue creator is perfect i.e. \"I have made 20\ncookies.\"\n\n 1. When should ている with durative/action verbs be taken as perfect tense and when as a continuous tense? Could you please give me some practical examples and tips that I could use to differentiate?\n\n 2. Do native Japanese speakers usually interpret ている with action/durative verbs like 食べる, 作る, in perfect tense or as continuous?\n\n 3. Two adverbs まだ and もう also seem to be used in perfect aspect. もう leans towards a positive perfect tense reading, when used with a verb in the past tense (た）e.g. もう食べた (I have eaten), and まだ usually points to negative perfect tense with ていません e.g. まだ食べていません (I have not eaten). Also ~ことがある. So, my third question is, whether the one of/sole purpose of using adverbs もう and まだ, is to remove the conflict, and confusion, arising because of durative/action verbs having two tenses when using ている? E.g. does the use of もう食べた, instead of plain 食べています (which also has the same perfect meaning) to remove the confusion, when the person wants to tell his state that he has eaten the food?",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-10T11:00:24.617",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-12-24T07:34:40.707",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
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],
"title": "ている in continuous or perfect aspects",
"view_count": 546
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[
{
"body": "> So, my first question is, when is ている in durative/action verbs is to be\n> taken as perfect tense and when as a continuous tense? Could you please give\n> me some practical examples and tips that I could use to differentiate?\n\nThere are 動作動詞・継続動詞 (verbs of action, verbs of continuation) and their ~ている-\nform means it's a 進行中 (progressive action), like 食べている. Someone is still in\nthe process of eating.\n\nThere are 瞬間動詞・変化動詞 (verbs of change) and their ~ている-form means it's a 結果残存.\n\nMore examples for 瞬間動詞・変化動詞 (verbs of change): 電気が付く 人が死ぬ 二人が結婚する\n\nThese 瞬間動詞 (verbs of change) ends instantly, take the first 電気が付く as an\nexample: 電気が付く is a 瞬間動詞, therefore 電気が付いている expresses \"the light is on\", a\nstate.\n\n> So, my second question is, do Japanese speakers, especially natives, usually\n> interpret ている in action/durative verbs like 食べる, 作る, in perfect tense or as\n> continuous?\n\nAlready answered above. And seems that if you want express 食べている as \"already\neaten\", もう or すでに is preferred to add, or you have the texts to inform that it\nmeans already eaten.\n\n> So, my third question is, whether the one of/sole purpose of using adverbs\n> もう and まだ, is to remove the conflict, and confusion, arising because of\n> durative/action verbs having two tenses when using ている? E.g. does the use of\n> もう食べた, instead of plain 食べています (which also has the same perfect meaning) to\n> remove the confusion, when the person wants to tell his state that he has\n> eaten the food?\n\nI have to correct your mistake, もう in fact expressed **there's something\nalready changed** , and まだ expressed **there's nonthing changed**.\n\nTherefore:\n\n```\n\n もう食べた。 Already eaten.\n \n もう食べている。(Like we don't usually say this)\n \n もう食べていない。No longer eat anymore\n \n \n まだ食べた。(Makes no sense)\n \n まだ食べている。Be still eating\n \n まだ食べていない。Be still NOT eating\n \n```\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VeODI.jpg)",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-10T14:07:45.980",
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{
"body": "You have asked a very similar question before: [Usage of ている in Punctual Verbs\nin Japanese and the Concept of Present Perfect in\nEnglish](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/78871/5010)\n\nUltimately, this is something you have to gradually get used to. In English,\n_must_ as in \"You must be hungry\" and _must_ as in \"You must be brave\" have\ndifferent meanings, and you can somehow distinguish them intuitively. Is there\na grammar rule we can use to tell apart the two meanings? No. It depends on\nthe context and \"common sense\" so heavily that we cannot write rules about it.\nLikewise, English perfect aspect has [several\nmeanings](https://www.ef.com/ca/english-resources/english-grammar/present-\nperfect/), which has confused me for more than 20 years, seriously. I think\nyou have already taken enough time to learn the basics of the teiru-form. From\nhere, rather than asking \"tell me everything about this form\" sort of\nquestions, you are better off learning and mastering the form through many\nexamples.\n\nAs for 何個のクッキーを作っていますか, indeed it can mean both \"How many cookies are you\nmaking (now)?\" and \"How many cookies have you made?\", depending on the\nsituation. Both interpretations are perfectly natural, and it's almost\nnonsense to ask for the \"default\". However, this sentence is unlikely to be\nconfusing in practice; who says this without knowing whether the listener is\nmaking cookies now? If this sentence appears in a textbook in isolation, no\none can tell which reading is intended. Simply, grammar is useless in such a\nsituation.\n\nHere are some hints which are useful in **some** cases:\n\n * There are some verbs that exclusively accept perfective readings. Well-known ones include 知る, 始まる, 終わる, 死ぬ and 結婚する. The teiru-forms of these verbs always refer to instant changes of state, and there is no intermediate point.\n\n(Although uncommon, the tei **k** u-form can still express progression of\nthese verbs. 蝶が死んでいくのを見ていた = \"I was watching a butterfly dying over time.\"\n夏が終わっていく = \"Summer is (gradually) going away.\")\n\n * The teiru-forms of the vast majority of verbs accept both perfective and progressive readings with varying degrees of frequencies. That punctual/durative classification is useful, but it's not an ironclad rule.\n\n * There are many verbs whose teiru-form are almost always perfective but still can be forced to accept progressive readings in combination with ～ところ. (It's explained in [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/3140/5010).)\n\n> 花瓶が割れているところを撮ったスローモーション映像 \n> a slow-motion footage of a vase being broken\n\n(Note that 今, 現在 and so on **do not** force progressive reading. 現在結婚しています\nmeans this person married in the past and still in the married status now.)\n\n * You can force perfective readings using several keywords including これまでに, 過去に and ～回.\n\n> 彼はこれまでに3回寿司を食べています。 \n> He has eaten sushi for three times.\n\n(Note that **もう does not force perfective readings**. It just means \"already\".\n彼はもう走っている can mean \"He is already running\" as well as \"He has already run\".)\n\nAgain, these rules are mostly useless for your 作っています example. Unfortunately,\nmany verbs are like this. All you can rely on is the context and the judgment\nyou can gradually gain through many examples.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-11T02:15:04.050",
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