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Okay, so this is why getting to space is hard. | [
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If you feel all of this seems really complicated, don't worry. | [
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It's literally rocket science. | [
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This video was made possible in part by a sponsorship by Airbus Safran Launches and Arianespace, who are getting their new Ariane 6 rocket ready to launch into space in 2020. | [
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You can learn more about the rocket here. | [
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And as always, if you like what we do, please consider supporting us on Patreon.com. | [
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It really helps us out a lot. | [
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If you're craving more space stuff now, here's a playlist for you. | [
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Black holes are one of the strangest things in existence. | [
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And what happens if you fall into one? | [
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Stars are incredibly massive collections of mostly hydrogen atoms that collapse from enormous gas clouds under their own gravity. | [
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In their core, nuclear fusion crushes hydrogen atoms into helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. | [
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This energy, in the form of radiation, pushes against gravity, maintaining a delicate balance between the two forces. | [
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As long as there is fusion in the core, a star remains stable enough. | [
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But for stars with way more mass than our own sun, the heat and pressure at the core allow them to fuse heavier elements until they reach iron. | [
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Unlike all the elements that went before, the fusion process that creates iron doesn't generate any energy. | [
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Iron builds up at the center of the star until it reaches a critical amount, and the balance between radiation and gravity is suddenly broken. | [
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The core collapses. | [
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Within a fraction of a second, the star implodes, moving at about a quarter of the speed of light, feeding even more mass into the core. | [
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It's at this very moment that all the heavier elements in the universe are created as the star dies in a supernova explosion. | [
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If you looked at a black hole, what you'd really be seeing is the event horizon. | [
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So we just see a black sphere reflecting nothing. | [
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We're not sure what it is exactly. | [
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By the way, black holes do not suck things up like a vacuum cleaner. | [
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If we were to swap the sun for an equally massive black hole, nothing much would change for Earth, except that we would freeze to death, of course. | [
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What would happen to you if you fell into a black hole? | [
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The experience of time is different around black holes. | [
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From the outside, you seem to slow down as you approach the event horizon, so time passes slower for you. | [
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At some point, you would appear to freeze in time, slowly turn red, and disappear. | [
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While from your perspective, you can watch the rest of the universe in fast-forward, kind of like seeing into the future. | [
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It is 236.7 billion kilometers in diameter, which is 47 times the distance from the sun to Pluto. | [
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As powerful as black holes are, they will eventually evaporate through a process called Hawking radiation. | [
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To understand how this works, we have to look at empty space. | [
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Empty space is not really empty, but filled with virtual particles popping into existence and annihilating each other again. | [
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and in the last second of its life, the black hole radiates away with the energy of billions of nuclear bombs in a huge explosion. | [
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The biggest black holes we know might take up to a googol years to evaporate. | [
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This is so long that when the last black hole radiates away, nobody will be around to witness it. | [
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The universe will have become uninhabitable long before then. | [
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This is not the end of our story. | [
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There are loads more interesting ideas about black holes. | [
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We'll explore them in part 2. | [
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By the way, we've made some Kurzgesagt wallpapers in 4K for different screen sizes. | [
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You can get them on our Patreon page, which also helps us to make more videos. | [
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The median age in Italy has reached 48. | [
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All around the world, birth rates are crashing. | [
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For hundreds of thousands of years, the human population barely grew at all, haunted by disease, famine and war, until the Industrial Revolution. | [
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Exponential progress led to exponential growth, pushing our numbers to 6 billion in the year 1999, and 8 billion just 24 years later. | [
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And our numbers will continue to rise for at least another 60 years. | [
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But this growth obscures something. | [
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People kind of stopped having babies. | [
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For a stable population, every couple needs to have two children on average. | [
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If the number is higher, it grows. | [
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If it's well below, it shrinks a lot and quickly. | [
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Its fertility rate lay at 0.8 children per woman in 2022, the lowest in the world. | [
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This means 100 South Koreans of childbearing age today will have 40 kids, who then will have 16 kids, who then will have 6. | [
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If nothing changes, then within 100 years, there will be 94% fewer young people and South Korea will see a population implosion. | [
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We have yet to see if there's a bottom to fertility rates. | [
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Although looking at the bigger picture and absolute numbers, this population will not shrink that much. | [
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It simply returns to the level it once was. | [
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In 1950, there were 20 million South Koreans. | [
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In 2023, there are 52 million. | [
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But the issue is not that there will be fewer South Koreans. | [
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