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If we don't act, our adventure in space might end before it's even begun. | [
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If our days of dreaming about space exploration might be numbered anyway, we better put them to good use. | [
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One of the things we most like to spend our time on is learning more about our universe. | [
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And to do that, you can just keep watching. | [
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Kurzgesagt and Brilliant are collaborating on a six-part video series about our favorite science and space topics. | [
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And maybe one day, use your knowledge on problems like space junk, or at least your science projects to start with. | [
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Nuclear technology made a violent entrance onto the world stage. | [
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Spent nuclear fuel is not only radioactive, but also contains extremely poisonous chemical elements like plutonium. | [
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After dumping it into the ocean was forbidden, we've tried to bury it, but we can't find a place where it will definitely stay secure for tens of thousands of years. | [
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Over 60 years of nuclear power usage, there have been seven major accidents in reactors or facilities dealing with nuclear waste. | [
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Three of those were mostly contained, but four of them released significant amounts of radioactivity into the environment. | [
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In 1957, 1987 and 2011, large areas of land in Russia, Ukraine and Japan were rendered unfit for human habitation for decades to come. | [
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The number of deaths is highly disputed, but probably lies in the thousands. | [
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These disasters happened with nuclear reactors of very different types in very different countries and several decades apart. | [
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Looking at the numbers, we may as well ask ourselves, are 10% of the world's energy supply worth a devastating disaster every 30 years? | [
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What area would have to be contaminated so we say, no more? | [
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The risks may outweigh the benefits, and maybe we should stop looking into this direction and drop this technology for good. | [
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If you want to hear the other side of the argument, or a short introduction to nuclear energy, click here. | [
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Planet Earth is the home of every life form known to us in the universe. | [
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Its age is about a third of the age of the universe, and, admit it, it is a thing of beauty. | [
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4.6 billion years ago, Earth was created from the remnants of dead stars that collected in a giant dirty gas cloud. | [
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The gas cloud became denser in its center and formed an accretion disk. | [
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This process took 10 to 20 million years and is still not very well understood. | [
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At about this time, when the solar system was young and chaotic, a giant object about as big as Mars collided with our home. | [
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Material from Earth was smashed out into orbit and formed the Moon, which is the biggest satellite in relation to its planet in the solar system. | [
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Millions of asteroids brought more and more water to our planet. | [
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All the water on Earth has about this volume compared to Earth. | [
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Today, the surface of Earth is 71% water and 29% land. | [
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97.5% is saline water, while only 2.5% is freshwater. | [
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Temperatures vary from 4,000 °C to 5,700 °C. | [
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And in the center is the inner core. | [
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It's mostly solid, a ball made of an iron-nickel alloy, with a radius of about 1,200 km, 70% the size of the Moon and about the temperature of the surface of the Sun. | [
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It is slowly growing at an estimated rate of about 1 mm per year. | [
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This small layer of crystallized milk products of former molten mantle is where we live. | [
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Then there's Earth's magnetic field. | [
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It's an invisible phenomenon that diverts high-energy particles coming from the Sun and other sources, | [
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But why is it there? | [
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Actually, we don't really know a terrible lot about that. | [
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We know it has something to do with the core of the Earth. | [
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Inside this metal sphere, large electrical currents flow in complicated patterns. | [
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They cause a magnetic field that sort of stabilizes itself according to the laws of electrodynamics. | [
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This entire system is called the dynamo. | [
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But don't let us fall you into thinking we have it all figured out. | [
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By volume, dry air consists mostly of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon, a variable amount of water vapor and small amounts of other gases. | [
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Humans are very dependent on the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere, where the weather is. | [
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It's 12 km thick on average. | [
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Above that is the stratosphere, which is where the ozone layer protects us from the Sun's most aggressive type of light. | [
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Above that is the mesosphere, the coldest place on Earth, with an average temperature around minus 85 degrees Celsius. | [
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At about 80 km up, the thermosphere starts. | [
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The transition to space is a fluent one without clear borders, but humans decided that space starts here. | [
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At about 100 km, Earth stops and space begins, though the atmosphere extends a bit further. | [
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