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Tritium could bond with oxygen, making radioactive water, which could be dangerous as it seeps into the environment. | [
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Fortunately, there's no more than a few grams of tritium in use at a given time, so a leak would be quickly diluted. | [
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So we've just told you that there's nearly unlimited energy to be had, at no expense to the environment, in something as simple as water. | [
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So, what's the catch? | [
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We simply don't know if fusion power will ever be commercially viable. | [
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Even if they work, they might be too expensive to ever build. | [
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The main drawback is that it's unproven technology. | [
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It's a 10 billion dollar gamble, and that money might be better spent on other clean energy that's already proven itself. | [
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Maybe we should cut our losses. | [
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Or maybe, when the payoff is unlimited clean energy for everyone, it might be worth the risk. | [
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Videos like this one take hundreds of hours to make, and are made possible by your contributions on patreon.com. | [
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If you want to learn more about global energy, here's a playlist about nuclear energy, fracking, and solar power. | [
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Let us know in the comments if there are other technologies you want us to explain. | [
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Imagine you were alive back in the 1980s and were told that computers would soon take over everything, from shopping to dating and the stock market. | [
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That billions of people would be connected via a kind of web. | [
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That you would own a handheld device orders of magnitude more powerful than supercomputers. | [
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It would seem absurd, but then all of it happened. | [
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Science fiction became our reality and we don't even think about it. | [
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We're at a similar point today with genetic engineering. | [
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So let's talk about it. | [
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Humans have been engineering life for thousands of years. | [
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To treat maternal infertility, babies were made that carried genetic information from three humans. | [
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On the fun side, we made things glow in the dark. | [
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So-called bacteriophages or phages hunt bacteria. | [
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Only if they do so can they activate their most effective antivirus system. | [
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They save a part of the virus DNA in their own genetic code in a DNA archive called CRISPR. | [
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When the virus attacks again, the bacterium quickly makes an RNA copy from the DNA archive and arms a secret weapon, a protein called Cas9. | [
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The protein now scans the bacterium's insides for signs of the virus invader by comparing every bit of DNA it finds to the sample from the archive. | [
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When it finds a 100% perfect match, it's activated and cuts out the virus DNA, making it useless, protecting the bacterium against the attack. | [
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The revolution began when scientists figured out that the CRISPR system is programmable. | [
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In 2015, scientists used CRISPR to cut the HIV virus out of living cells from patients in the lab, proving that it was possible. | [
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And other retroviruses, viruses that hide inside human DNA like herpes, could be eradicated this way. | [
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CRISPR could also defeat one of our worst enemies, cancer. | [
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Cancer occurs when cells refuse to die and keep multiplying while concealing themselves from the immune system. | [
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Getting rid of cancer might eventually mean getting just a couple of injections of a few thousand of your own cells that have been engineered in the lab to heal you for good. | [
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The first clinical trial for a CRISPR cancer treatment on human patients was approved in early 2016 in the US. | [
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They showed the enormous challenges we still face in gene editing embryos, but also that scientists are working on solving them. | [
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Regardless of your personal take on genetic engineering, it will affect you. | [
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