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History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "Thomas Pynchon refers to the Black Hole of Calcutta in the historical novel Mason & Dixon (1997)."
}
] |
VNzUgXFz921YSEYMHnTq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "\" Kenneth Tynan satirically refers to it in the long-running musical revue"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "Edgar Allan Poe makes reference to the \"stifling\" of the prisoners in the introduction to \"The Premature Burial\" (1844)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "Thomas Pynchon refers to the Black Hole of Calcutta in the historical novel Mason & Dixon (1997)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "Stephen King makes a reference to the Black Hole of Calcutta in his 1983 novel Christine, and his 2004 novel Song of Susannah."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "\" In Vanity Fair, William Makepeace Thackeray makes a reference to the Black Hole of Calcutta when describing the Anglo-Indian district in London, (Chapter LX)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "Yes, Minister, the permanent secretary refers to a packed train compartment as the Black Hole of Calcutta."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "In an episode of The L Word, Alice refers to the bad vibes in the coffee shop as “The Black Hole of Calcutta.”"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Astronomy",
"text": "According to Hong-Yee Chiu, an astrophysicist at NASA, the Black Hole of Calcutta was the inspiration for the term black hole referring to regions of space-time resulting from the gravitational collapse of very heavy stars."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "The character Charles Mason spends much time on Saint Helena with the astronomer Nevil Maskelyne, the brother-in-law of Lord Robert Clive of India; themes of colonialism and racism are discussed in relation to the event."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "Later in the story, Jeremiah Dixon visits New York City, and attends a secret \"Broad-Way\" production of the \"musical drama\", The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, the Peevish Wazir, \"executed with such a fine respect for detail. . . ."
}
] |
It has been referred to in popular literature.
| 0 | 0 |
Black Hole of Calcutta
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On the night of her debut in Madame Butterfly, Mary is too nervous to go on stage until she sees Giulio in his usual place in the prompter's box."
}
] |
VOIBis0iKRrkaDAT6OQG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "One Night of Love was selected as one of the ten best pictures of 1934 by Film Daily's poll of critics, and it was a \"box office champion\" during 1934.While the film did not do well in rural areas and small towns, One Night of Love was the first Columbia film to gain important bookings in the powerful Loews chain of theaters, which was a milestone in Columbia's progress."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On the night of her debut in Madame Butterfly, Mary is too nervous to go on stage until she sees Giulio in his usual place in the prompter's box."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One Night of Love is a 1934 American Columbia Pictures romantic musical film set in the opera world, starring Grace Moore and Tullio Carminati."
},
{
"section_header": "Featured music",
"text": "The lyrics began \"One Night Of Love, When two hearts are one\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Giulio realizes what is going on and tells Mary that Lally will replace her on stage, but then proposes to Mary."
},
{
"section_header": "Featured music",
"text": "Grace Moore's title song \"One Night of Love\" was composed by Victor Schertzinger himself, with lyrics by Gus Kahn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the relatively new use of sound recordings for film, One Night of Love was noted at the time for its innovative use of vertical cut recording, for which Columbia Pictures received an Academy Scientific and Technical Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The two meet one of Giulio's old pupils, Lally (Mona Barrie), while in Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was directed by Victor Schertzinger and adapted from the story Don't Fall in Love, by Charles Beahan and Dorothy Speare."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In a jealous huff, Mary decides not to sing that night in order to punish Giulio."
}
] |
The 1934 film One Night of Love Mary does not go on stage because she is too nervous.
| 1 | 2 |
One Night of Love
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements",
"text": "In October 2014, Grande joined the bottled water brand WAT-AAH!"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements",
"text": "as an equity holder and partner."
}
] |
VONxpXmJ2GHmODKtMHQp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2015–2017: Dangerous Woman",
"text": "Grande also filmed an episode for the Fox Broadcasting Company reality TV series Knock Knock Live (2015), but the show was canceled before her episode aired."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements",
"text": "She launched her debut fragrance, Ari by Ariana Grande, in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1993–2008: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Ariana Grande-Butera was born on June 26, 1993, in Boca Raton, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ariana Grande-Butera (; born June 26, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "\"Mark Savage commented in BBC News: \"Ariana Grande is one of pop's most intriguing and gifted singers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Sweetener and Thank U, Next",
"text": "The following month, the BBC aired a one-hour special, Ariana Grande at the BBC, featuring interviews and performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Sweetener and Thank U, Next",
"text": "Later the same month, Grande released, in collaboration with YouTube, a four-part docuseries titled Ariana Grande: Dangerous Woman Diaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements",
"text": "Grande was a limited time unlockable character as part of the \"Dangerous Woman Tour\" event, which also included an orchestral remix of Grande's song Touch It; the character, named Dangerous Ariana, is a magical support character who uses music-based attacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and activism",
"text": "In 2016, she launched a line of lip shades called \"Ariana Grande's MAC Viva Glam\" with MAC Cosmetics, the profits of which benefited people affected by HIV and AIDS.In 2015, Grande and Miley Cyrus performed a cover of Crowded House's \"Don't Dream"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1993–2008: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "She has an older half-brother, Frankie Grande, who is an entertainer and producer, and she has a close relationship with her maternal grandmother, Marjorie Grande."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements",
"text": "In October 2014, Grande joined the bottled water brand WAT-AAH!"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements",
"text": "as an equity holder and partner."
}
] |
Ariana Grande owns a drink company.
| 0 | 1 |
Ariana Grande
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a powerful influence on later composers of the operetta genre, particularly Johann Strauss Jr. and Arthur Sullivan."
}
] |
VPXR6pmZEcpSUZKntqrR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and reputation | Influence",
"text": "In Gammond's view, the Viennese composer most influenced by Offenbach was Franz von Suppé, who studied Offenbach's works carefully and wrote many successful operettas using them as a model."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and reputation | Influence",
"text": "However much the young Sullivan was influenced by Offenbach, the influence was evidently not in only one direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and reputation | Influence",
"text": "It is not clear how directly Offenbach influenced Johann Strauss."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a powerful influence on later composers of the operetta genre, particularly Johann Strauss Jr. and Arthur Sullivan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and reputation | Influence",
"text": "The musician and author Fritz Spiegl wrote in 1980, \"Without Offenbach there would have been no Savoy Opera … no Die Fledermaus or Merry Widow."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and reputation | Influence",
"text": "The two creators of the Savoy operas, the librettist, Gilbert, and the composer, Sullivan, were both indebted to Offenbach and his partners for their satiric and musical styles, even borrowing plot components."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and reputation | Reputation",
"text": "While granting that Offenbach's best operettas are full of grace, charm and wit, Zola blames Offenbach for what others have made out of the genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "By contrast, Jacques was bored by academic study and left after a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operettas",
"text": "Parody and influences Offenbach was well known for parodying other composers' music."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operettas",
"text": "By his own reckoning, Offenbach composed more than 100 operas."
}
] |
Jacques Offenbach was a mighty influencer as a model of the opera genre.
| 0 | 0 |
Jacques Offenbach
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brown then commanded anti-slavery forces at the Battle of Black Jack (June 2) and the Battle of Osawatomie (August 30, 1856)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brown advocated the use of armed insurrection to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States."
}
] |
VQ2qu4DQBLFmLdSYCWs4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "Horwitz, Tony. Midnight Rising: John Brown and the Raid That Sparked the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and aftermath | Aftermath of the raid",
"text": "Civil War historian James M. McPherson stated that \"A historian reading their testimony, however, will be convinced that they told several falsehoods.\" The raid on Harpers Ferry is generally thought to have done much to set the nation on a course toward civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid and Brown's trial (Virginia v. John Brown), covered extensively by the national press, escalated tensions that led to the South's secession a year later, and the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brown advocated the use of armed insurrection to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights (2005) Rodriguez, Junius P., ed."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings",
"text": "Behind him are Union and Confederate troops, with dead soldiers; a reference to the Bleeding Kansas period, which Brown was at the center of, and which was commonly seen to have been a dress rehearsal, a \"tragic prelude\", to the increasingly inevitable Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "The Civil War and Reconstruction: A Student Companion."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historiography",
"text": "Biographer David S. Reynolds gives Brown credit for starting the Civil War or \"killing slavery\", and cautions others against identifying Brown with terrorism."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and aftermath | Aftermath of the raid",
"text": "These militias, well-established by 1861, became a ready-made Confederate army, making the South better prepared for war."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments | Historical markers",
"text": "Focus of Action – Jefferson County in the Civil War"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brown then commanded anti-slavery forces at the Battle of Black Jack (June 2) and the Battle of Osawatomie (August 30, 1856)."
}
] |
John Brown led raids to help confederate states win the civil war and uphold slavery in the southern U.S.
| 0 | 0 |
John Brown (abolitionist)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Emperor Jones is a 1920 play by American dramatist Eugene O'Neill that tells the tale of Brutus Jones, a resourceful, self-assured African American and a former Pullman porter, who kills another black man in a dice game, is jailed, and later escapes to a small, backward Caribbean island where he sets himself up as emperor."
}
] |
VR39FmEoWOD6ZUhAOrea
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Productions | 1920 premiere",
"text": "The Emperor Jones was first staged on November 1, 1920, by the Provincetown Players at the Provincetown Playhouse in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It established him as a successful playwright, after he won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his first play, the much less well-known Beyond the Horizon (1920)."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | 1920 premiere",
"text": "Charles Sidney Gilpin, a respected leading man from the all-black Lafayette Players of Harlem, was the first actor to play the role of Brutus Jones on stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | 1920 premiere",
"text": "They did have some conflict over Gilpin's tendency to change O'Neill's use of the word \"nigger\" to Negro and colored in the course of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | 1920 premiere",
"text": "This production was O'Neill's first real smash hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | 1920 premiere",
"text": "The Players' small theater was too small to cope with audience demand for tickets, and the play was transferred to another theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | 1920 premiere",
"text": "It ran for 204 performances and was hugely popular, touring in the States with this cast for the next two years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Emperor Jones is a 1920 play by American dramatist Eugene O'Neill that tells the tale of Brutus Jones, a resourceful, self-assured African American and a former Pullman porter, who kills another black man in a dice game, is jailed, and later escapes to a small, backward Caribbean island where he sets himself up as emperor."
}
] |
It was written in 1920.
| 0 | 0 |
The Emperor Jones
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in New Athens, Illinois, Herzog made his MLB debut as a player in 1956 with the Washington Senators."
}
] |
VR7V3OlUyXCn5OPcfh6e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 25, 2010, and was inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum on August 16, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Post-Cardinals career | Later life",
"text": "Herzog's induction into the Hall of Fame was on July 25, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Post-Cardinals career | Later life",
"text": "In January 2014, the Cardinals announced Herzog among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in New Athens, Illinois, Herzog made his MLB debut as a player in 1956 with the Washington Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Post-Cardinals career | Later life",
"text": "Herzog was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans' Committee on December 7, 2009, receiving 14 of a possible 16 votes."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In reference to his success as a player versus his success as a manager, Herzog once said, \"Baseball has been good to me since I quit trying to play it.\" (Herzog has made this statement several times, most recently in an interview with Fox Sports Midwest which has aired several times in August and September 2007 during St. Louis Cardinals rain delays)."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Post-Cardinals career | Later life",
"text": "In addition, the Cardinals retired the number '24', which he wore during his managerial tenure with the club, in his honor on July 31, following his induction."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Texas Rangers",
"text": "He was succeeded in the interim for one game by Del Wilber and the longer term by Billy Martin, who had been fired by the Detroit Tigers on August 30."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dorrel Norman Elvert \"Whitey\" Herzog (; born November 9, 1931) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and manager, most notable for his Major League Baseball (MLB) managerial career."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Managerial success",
"text": "In a 1983 poll of MLB players by The New York Times, Herzog was voted best manager in baseball."
}
] |
Whitey Herzog made his MLB debut as a player in 1956 with the Washington Senators, and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 25, 2010, and was inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum on August 16, 2014.
| 0 | 0 |
Whitey Herzog
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third-most populous state, after São Paulo and Minas Gerais."
}
] |
VSUMWEpHtIBodrkeGJU2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population growth",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and has a rapidly expanding population and rapidly growing area due to rapid urbanization."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, according to 2009 research from Fundação Getúlio Vargas (known as Novo Mapa das Religiões), is mostly Catholic (51.1%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third-most populous state, after São Paulo and Minas Gerais."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2010, the city of Rio de Janeiro was the 2nd most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo."
},
{
"section_header": "Education | Educational system",
"text": "The Rio de Janeiro State University (public), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (public), Brazilian Institute of Capital Markets (private) and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (private) are among the country's top institutions of higher education."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro (; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) Rio de Janeiro (; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈne(j)ɾu] (listen);), or simply Rio, is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy, the Empire of Brazil, until 1889, and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations | Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro is twinned with: Rio de Janeiro has the following partner/friendship cities: Rio de Janeiro is a part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese court and imperial capital",
"text": "Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% female and 46.8% male."
}
] |
The capital of of Brazil Rio de Janeiro is mostly Catholic and has a rapidly growing population.
| 0 | 0 |
Rio de Janeiro
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, ranking as the world's fifteenth-largest city and the largest city in Europe."
}
] |
VSYB5dCW4COZZqrkFyzn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rise and fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire",
"text": "During most of the Middle Ages, the latter part of the Byzantine era, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city on the European continent and at times the largest in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration",
"text": "The city, considered capital of Istanbul Province, is administered by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), which oversees the 39 districts of the city-province."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "is, as of 2009, often considered by Turks to be \"politically incorrect\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Beşiktaş JK, established in 1903, is considered the oldest of these sports clubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "As a result, there have been proposals to build a canal, known as Canal Istanbul, parallel to the strait, on the European side of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered a global city, it hosts the headquarters of many Turkish companies and media outlets and accounts for more than a quarter of the country's gross domestic product."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "It never returned to being the world's largest, but remained Europe's largest city from 1500 to 1750, when it was surpassed by London."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration",
"text": "Pera (now Beyoğlu) was the first area of the city to have its own director and council, with members instead being longtime residents of the neighborhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "By the end of the 19th century, Istanbul had established itself as a regional artistic center, with Turkish, European, and Middle Eastern artists flocking to the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "The largest is the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2018 in the Arnavutköy district to the northwest of the city center, on the European side, near the Black Sea coast."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, ranking as the world's fifteenth-largest city and the largest city in Europe."
}
] |
Istanbul is considered to be the biggest city of the European continent.
| 0 | 0 |
Istanbul
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "The grapefruit made such a mess that Robinson thought he had lost his eye because of the acid and the bloodlike splatter that covered him."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "Outfielder Casey Stengel, later a successful manager himself, is generally believed to have convinced Law to make the switch."
}
] |
VSflnrVxgWUea0oHOgsx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "He quickly realized that it was a joke when he saw his teammates burst out in laughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also was the first catcher to play directly behind the batter at all times, as the previous practice had been to play farther back when there were fewer than two strikes."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Robinson's brother, Fred Robinson, also played briefly in the majors, appearing in 3 games for the 1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds of the Union Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "Outfielder Casey Stengel, later a successful manager himself, is generally believed to have convinced Law to make the switch."
},
{
"section_header": "Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Another pitcher who would later recall Robinson's excellent advice, although they never played together during a regular season, was John Tener, who in the 1910s served simultaneously as NL president and Governor of Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilbert Robinson (June 29, 1864 – August 8, 1934), nicknamed \"Uncle Robbie\", was an American catcher, coach and manager in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "\" Lopez went on to eventually surpass Robinson's record of games behind the plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Over the course of his career, Robinson played 1,316 games as a catcher, which prepared him for his second baseball career as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He lasted in the majors until 1902, playing much of his career with two separate Baltimore Orioles franchises – from 1890 to 1899 with the Orioles team which folded after the 1899 National League season, and in 1901–02 with the American League team which moved to New York City in 1903 and became the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "The team was known by various nicknames, including Bridegrooms, Superbas, and Dodgers, but during Robinson's managerial tenure, which lasted until 1931, the club was as often referred to as the \"Robins\" in honor of their manager, who had acquired the nickname \"Uncle Robbie.\" (The frequently error-prone Dodger teams of this era were also sometimes derisively known as \"Uncle Robbie's Daffiness Boys.\") In his 18 years at the helm of the Brooks, Robinson compiled a record of 1,375–1,341, including National League championships in 1916 and 1920 –"
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "The grapefruit made such a mess that Robinson thought he had lost his eye because of the acid and the bloodlike splatter that covered him."
}
] |
Wilbert Robinson's teammate played a practical joke that had him convinced he was dying.
| 0 | 4 |
Wilbert Robinson
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eichmann was captured by the Mossad in Argentina on 11 May 1960 and subsequently found guilty of war crimes in a widely publicised trial in Jerusalem, where he was executed by hanging in 1962."
}
] |
VSyYwJ4bq8MhYN5dBEt3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "But Hausner, in his role as Attorney General, declared that he would be obliged to have any war criminals who entered Israel arrested."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "His parents were Adolf Karl Eichmann, a bookkeeper, and Maria (née Schefferling), a housewife."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Otto Adolf Eichmann, the eldest of five children, was born in 1906 to a Calvinist Protestant family in Solingen, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture",
"text": "Harel arrived in May 1960 to oversee the capture."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Eichmann attended the Kaiser Franz Joseph Staatsoberrealschule (state secondary school) in Linz, the same high school Adolf Hitler had attended some 17 years before."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Information collected by the Mossad, Israel's intelligence agency, confirmed his location in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eichmann was captured by the Mossad in Argentina on 11 May 1960 and subsequently found guilty of war crimes in a widely publicised trial in Jerusalem, where he was executed by hanging in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Second World War",
"text": "The memoirs were later used as the basis for a series of articles that appeared in Life and Stern magazines in late 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Second World War",
"text": "The family built a house at 14 Garibaldi Street (now 6061 Garibaldi Street) and moved in during 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture",
"text": "The team captured Eichmann on 11 May 1960 near his home on Garibaldi Street in San Fernando, Buenos Aires, an industrial community 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the centre of Buenos Aires."
}
] |
Adolf Eichmann was a German-Austrian that was arrested in Brazil in 1960.
| 2 | 4 |
Adolf Eichmann
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giles spent 33 years in high-level posts in Major League Baseball as club president and general manager of the Cincinnati Reds (1937–1951) and president of the National League (1951–1969), and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame honors",
"text": "Giles was elected to the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1969 and the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1979 shortly after his death in Cincinnati at age 82."
}
] |
VTOlgJ60VAnupVP0FSsG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warren Crandall Giles (May 28, 1896 – February 7, 1979) was an American professional baseball executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame honors",
"text": "Also, Minor League Baseball gives out the Warren Giles Award to outstanding minor league presidents."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Tiskilwa, Illinois, Giles attended Washington & Lee University and served as an infantry officer in France during World War I. Before becoming a full-time baseball executive he worked as a football and basketball official in the Missouri Valley Conference, a major U.S. college sports league."
},
{
"section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Upon the recommendation of Cardinals' executive Branch Rickey, Powel Crosley Jr., owner of the Cincinnati Reds, appointed Giles as his club's general manager on November 1, 1936, succeeding Larry MacPhail."
},
{
"section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "the 1938 Major League Executive of the Year award from The Sporting News."
},
{
"section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "The Reds boasted .500 or above teams through 1944, but declined beginning in 1945 and during the post-war era finished in the NL's second division and posted losing records for Giles' last seven seasons as the Reds' top executive."
},
{
"section_header": "National League president",
"text": "Giles' presidency also saw the National League widen its advantage over the American League in the signing of African-American and Latin American players, resulting in a three-decade-long domination of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game."
},
{
"section_header": "National League president",
"text": "In addition, Giles worked vigorously to keep premier players in his league."
},
{
"section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Giles was elected president of the Moline, Illinois, Plowboys baseball club in the Class B Three-I League at age 23 in 1919, beginning his 50-year career in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame honors",
"text": "Giles was elected to the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1969 and the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1979 shortly after his death in Cincinnati at age 82."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giles spent 33 years in high-level posts in Major League Baseball as club president and general manager of the Cincinnati Reds (1937–1951) and president of the National League (1951–1969), and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame."
}
] |
Warren Giles' time with the Cincinnati Reds was a baseball executive and not a player.
| 0 | 0 |
Warren Giles
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Through the influence of the Colonnas, Giulio was admitted at the age of seven to the Jesuit College in Rome, the most respected school in the city."
}
] |
VU6RInKHLurwcCret1hg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "he translated into French as Frére Coupechou, the term for a junior candidate monk who was assigned to chop cabbage in the kitchen of the abbey."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though he declined to join their order, he excelled in his studies."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "The destruction of the conspiracy against the King was one of the last acts of Cardinal Richelieu."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal Envoy",
"text": "Upon his return to Rome, he resumed his studies, this time in law."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "On 16 December 1641, though he had not reached his fortieth birthday, he received what he most desired, he was formally made a Cardinal."
},
{
"section_header": "Educator of Louis XIV",
"text": "From the eighth birthday of the young Louis XIV, Mazarin took the title \"Superinendent of the Royal Education\" and managed every aspect of the young King's studies."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He studied law with Girolamo during the daytime and in the evenings continued to gamble and again was in debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal Envoy",
"text": "Throughout 1629 and 1630 he shuttled between Milan, Mantua, Turin, Casal and France, trying to find a solution to the crisis before the fighting began."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal Envoy",
"text": "In December 1638, when a sitting Cardinal died, Mazarin was nominated as a Cardinal."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "When he arrived in Paris, Mazarin was welcomed warmly by the King, by Richelieu, and by the Queen, Anne of Austria, to whom Mazarin had regularly sent perfumes, fans, gloves and other gifts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Through the influence of the Colonnas, Giulio was admitted at the age of seven to the Jesuit College in Rome, the most respected school in the city."
}
] |
Cardinal Mazarin studied with monks in Milan.
| 0 | 0 |
Cardinal Mazarin
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Internationally",
"text": "As of November 18, 2018, The biggest markets in terms of total earnings are the United Kingdom ($73.1 million), followed by China ($51.5 million), Japan ($43.9 million), France ($41.7 million), and Brazil ($37.6 million)."
}
] |
VUEk6KiqN4P4XfPTSKUh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "In April 2018, early box office projections had Incredibles 2 grossing $110 million in its opening weekend in the United States and Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Internationally",
"text": "As of November 18, 2018, The biggest markets in terms of total earnings are the United Kingdom ($73.1 million), followed by China ($51.5 million), Japan ($43.9 million), France ($41.7 million), and Brazil ($37.6 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Incredibles 2 premiered in Los Angeles on June 5, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on June 15, 2018 in Disney Digital 3D, Dolby Cinema, IMAX, IMAX 3D, and 4DX formats."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Incredibles 2 was named by the National Board of Review as the Best Animated Film of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Incredibles 2 grossed $608.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $634.2 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $1.242 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Internationally",
"text": "In the United Kingdom, the film grossed $12.6 million in its opening weekend, the second-biggest opening for Pixar after Toy Story 3."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "It made $71.6 million on its first day, including previews, the best ever for an animated film (besting Dory's $54.7 million by 31%) and 14th-highest all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Health hazards/epilepsy issues",
"text": "\"In response to this, a re-edited version was released in the United Kingdom with all affected sequences altered so that any flashing lights and strobe effects now pass the Harding test."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "It was theatrically released in the United States on June 15, 2018, including an IMAX release as part of Disney's new distribution deal with IMAX, but only in 2D. It is accompanied by Pixar's short film Bao."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Internationally",
"text": "Its largest market was China where it made $21.2 million, the best-ever opening for a Pixar film in the country."
}
] |
In 2018, the Incredibles 2 best market in term of revenues outside of the United States was the United Kingdom.
| 3 | 6 |
Incredibles 2
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother died just before his eighth birthday, and he was raised by his father, an executive at Buick."
}
] |
VUm7PONLxjbhNEKNWY6R
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Stardom",
"text": "In later interviews with Kubrick, Scott was revealed to have initially refused to camp it up on camera."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Scott's original ambition was to be a writer like his favorite author, F. Scott Fitzgerald."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Final performances",
"text": "\"There is no question you get pumped up by the recognition ... Then a self-loathing sets in when you realize you're enjoying it\", he was quoted as saying."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Stardom",
"text": "Scott's first leading role in a feature was The List of Adrian Messenger released in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Early performances",
"text": "Scott's feature film debut was in The Hanging Tree (1959), starring Gary Cooper and Maria Schell."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Early performances",
"text": "Scott's television debut was in a 1958 adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities for the Dupont Show of the Month directed by Robert Mulligan."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He later said that during his duty at Arlington, \"[I] pick[ed] up a solid drinking habit that stayed with me from then on.\"Following military service, Scott enrolled in the University of Missouri on the G.I. Bill where he majored in journalism and then became interested in drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Stardom",
"text": "Scott's highest-profile early role was in the Stanley Kubrick-directed Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964), in which he played General \"Buck\" Turgidson."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother died just before his eighth birthday, and he was raised by his father, an executive at Buick."
}
] |
Scott's dad passed away and he grew up with his mom.
| 0 | 0 |
George C. Scott
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days (Ancient Greek: Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι, Erga kai Hēmerai) is a didactic poem written by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod around 700 BC."
}
] |
VVOomNHCtWgzgOyaxTnT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is in dactylic hexameter and contains 828 lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days (Ancient Greek: Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι, Erga kai Hēmerai) is a didactic poem written by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod around 700 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Hesiod seems to have thought that instead of giving him money or property which he will again spend in no time, it is better to teach him the virtues of work and to impart his wisdom which can be used to generate an income. Like the Theogony, the Works and Days begins with a hymnic invocation to the Muses, albeit much shorter (10 lines to the Theogony's 115) and with a different focus."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Verdenius, Willem Jacob, A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days vv."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Nisbet, Gideon, Hesiod, Works and Days: A Didaxis of Deconstruction?, Greece and Rome 51 (2004),"
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Bartlett, Robert C. \" An Introduction to Hesiod's Works and Days\", The Review of Politics 68 (2006), pp."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "pp. 147–63. Peabody, Berkley, The Winged Word: A Study in the Technique of Ancient Greek Oral Composition as Seen Principally Through Hesiod's Works and Days, State University of New York Press, 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "ISBN 0-300-04068-7. ISBN 0-300-04068-7. Cf. Chapter III, The Works and Days, pp. 105–133. Montanari, F.; Rengakos, A.; Tsagalis, C. (2009), Brill's Companion to Hesiod, Leiden, ISBN 978-90-04-17840-3."
},
{
"section_header": "Select editions and translations | Translations",
"text": "Cooke, Thomas (1743). The Works of Hesiod."
},
{
"section_header": "Select editions and translations | Critical editions",
"text": "Sinclair, T. A. (1932), Hesiod, Works and Days, London."
}
] |
The Work is a piece of poetry composed by an old Grecian writer about 700 BC and is 828 lines long.
| 0 | 0 |
Works and Days
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Molitor served as a coach for the Seattle Mariners and the Twins after his retirement as a player."
}
] |
VVPtZrgulKQsc4vmhJjc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career | Early career",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Molitor remained with the Twins as a bench coach for three seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Molitor served as a coach for the Seattle Mariners and the Twins after his retirement as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career | Early career",
"text": "He was considered a leading candidate to manage the team when Tom Kelly retired after 2001, but he declined in part because the Twins were still being targeted for potential contraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Toronto Blue Jays",
"text": "Agent Ron Simon said, \"I was also talking with Milwaukee, but it became clear to us that Milwaukee didn't have the same kind of interest in signing Molitor, perhaps because of their financial situation.\"Molitor"
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career | Early career",
"text": "Molitor was a hitting coach with the Mariners in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minnesota Twins",
"text": "He retired in December, saying, \"My heart tells me I've done what I can do on the field and in this game\", Molitor said."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career | Minnesota Twins",
"text": "On October 2, 2018, the Twins fired Molitor as manager, but expressed that they had interest in having him continue to maintain a role with the team in some capacity."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career | Early career",
"text": "Molitor joined the Twins coaching staff in 2014 to oversee baserunning, bunting, infield instruction, and positioning."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career | Minnesota Twins",
"text": "Molitor was rewarded for his efforts in leading the Twins back to the postseason after losing 103 games the season prior, the first team in history to achieve this feat, by being named American League Manager of the Year in November 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Milwaukee Brewers",
"text": "Molitor was part of a young Milwaukee Brewers team that lost the 1982 World Series in seven games to the St. Louis Cardinals."
}
] |
Molitor coached the same team he played for after he retired.
| 0 | 1 |
Paul Molitor
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roger Philip Bresnahan (June 11, 1879 – December 4, 1944), nicknamed \"The Duke of Tralee\", was an American player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
}
] |
VVZ70BgTcC6h510POPmF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bresnahan used to claim that he was also from Tralee, and early in his life, he earned the nickname \"The Duke of Tralee\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roger Philip Bresnahan (June 11, 1879 – December 4, 1944), nicknamed \"The Duke of Tralee\", was an American player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Profile and legacy",
"text": "\"Bresnahan was known for baiting umpires."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bresnahan began his MLB career as a pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Christy Mathewson preferred pitching to Bresnahan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Bresnahan also developed the first batting helmet."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Post-baseball career",
"text": "During the offseasons, Bresnahan returned to Toledo."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career (1913–1931)",
"text": "The Cubs paid Bresnahan for the remaining two years on his contract and aided Bresnahan in purchasing the Toledo Mud Hens, then in the American Association, in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bresnahan also managed the Cardinals (1909–1912) and Cubs (1915)."
},
{
"section_header": "Profile and legacy",
"text": "Bresnahan was elected to the Hall of Fame the year after his death."
}
] |
Bresnahan was sometimes referred to as "The Duke of Tralee".
| 0 | 0 |
Roger Bresnahan
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2016, at the age of 57, Prince died of an accidental fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park home and recording studio in Chanhassen, Minnesota."
}
] |
VVrYVB5hCIzK4v3pDpZM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Illness and death | Remembrances",
"text": "President Obama mourned him, and the United States Senate passed a resolution praising his achievements \"as a musician, composer, innovator, and cultural icon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2016, at the age of 57, Prince died of an accidental fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park home and recording studio in Chanhassen, Minnesota."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "A press release from the Midwest Medical Examiner's Office in Anoka County on June 2 stated that the musician had died of an accidental overdose of fentanyl, at the age of 57.The fentanyl that led to his overdose was contained in counterfeit pills made to look like a generic version of the painkiller Vicodin."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "While flying back to Minneapolis early the next morning, he became unresponsive, and his private jet made an emergency landing at Quad City International Airport in Moline, Illinois, where he was hospitalized and received Narcan, a medication used to block the effects of opioids, especially following an overdose."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2007: Musicology and 3121",
"text": "On August 22, 2006, Prince released Ultimate Prince."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–1996: Name change, Diamonds and Pearls, and Chaos and Disorder",
"text": "At this time, Prince was referred to as the \"Artist Formerly Known as Prince\" or the \"Artist\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Prince was given his father's stage name, Prince Rogers, which his father used while performing with his mother in a jazz group called the Prince Rogers Trio."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death | Remembrances",
"text": "The cover of The Genius of Prince featured a portrait by Andy Warhol, Orange Prince (1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1984: Beginnings and breakthrough",
"text": "Prince was also the opening act for"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–1996: Name change, Diamonds and Pearls, and Chaos and Disorder",
"text": "Prince got his way, but \"My Name Is Prince\" reached No. 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 23 on the R&B chart."
}
] |
Prince passed from an overdose.
| 2 | 4 |
Prince (musician)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "College career",
"text": "In three years with the Cardinal, Mussina compiled a 31–16 record with a 3.89 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "College career",
"text": "His junior year in 1990 was his best, finishing 14–5 with a 0.99 ERA before being drafted again by the Baltimore Orioles, this time as a first round pick (20th overall).Mussina graduated from Stanford in 1990 with a degree in economics."
}
] |
VWV4lB7qmZXsJ2rfXKCJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "College career",
"text": "Mussina enrolled at Stanford University, where he played college baseball for the Stanford Cardinal baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "College career",
"text": "His junior year in 1990 was his best, finishing 14–5 with a 0.99 ERA before being drafted again by the Baltimore Orioles, this time as a first round pick (20th overall).Mussina graduated from Stanford in 1990 with a degree in economics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Cole Mussina (born December 8, 1968), nicknamed \"Moose\", is an American former baseball starting pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1991–2000) and the New York Yankees (2001–2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mussina was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in 1987 but chose to attend college at Stanford University rather than sign."
},
{
"section_header": "Other career achievements",
"text": "1994 Baseball America First-Team American League All-Star starting pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Other career achievements",
"text": "1999 Baseball America Second-Team American League All-Star starting pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2000",
"text": "He was selected as an All-Star and pitched one inning, Mussina finished second in the American League Cy Young Award voting that year behind Pedro Martínez."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees | 2005–2008",
"text": "His 67.6% first-strike-percentage was the highest among major league starters."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2000",
"text": "In the 1997 American League Championship Series he pitched 15 innings over two starts, allowing one run and four hits, and striking out 25— an ALCS record at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees | 2005–2008",
"text": "Cleveland Indians pitcher Cliff Lee in the voting for American League comeback player of the year honors."
},
{
"section_header": "College career",
"text": "In three years with the Cardinal, Mussina compiled a 31–16 record with a 3.89 ERA."
}
] |
Mike Mussina is a former Major League Baseball pitcher that pitched four years at Stanford University before getting his degree in economics.
| 0 | 0 |
Mike Mussina
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lemon was raised in California where he played high school baseball and was the state player of the year in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Indians played in the 1948 World Series and were helped by Lemon's two pitching wins as they won the club's first championship since 1920."
}
] |
VX2XwGfSSPdyEwm9VGym
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Full-time pitcher to World Series champion",
"text": "The Braves scored two runs in the bottom of the eighth inning but the Indians won the game, 4–3, to clinch the franchise's first World Series title since 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Indians played in the 1948 World Series and were helped by Lemon's two pitching wins as they won the club's first championship since 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second World Series appearance",
"text": "Bob will be all right\", Lopez said."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Full-time pitcher to World Series champion",
"text": "The Indians won the game at Fenway Park by a score of 8–3 and prepared to face the Boston Braves in the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Full-time pitcher to World Series champion",
"text": "Lemon would go on to win the 1948 AL Pitcher of the Year Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Making it as a utility player",
"text": "Birdie Tebbetts of the Detroit Tigers and Johnny Pesky of the Boston Red Sox had played against Lemon in Navy baseball games, and they spoke to Indians player-manager Lou Boudreau about switching Lemon from the outfield to the pitching mound."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Making it as a utility player",
"text": "Before that season, Lemon had only pitched one inning while with Oswego and another while with Wilkes-Barre."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Full-time pitcher to World Series champion",
"text": "Lemon faced Warren Spahn, and Cleveland won 4–1."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lemon was raised in California where he played high school baseball and was the state player of the year in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second World Series appearance",
"text": "In 1954 he was 23–7 and won his third AL Pitcher of the Year Award as Cleveland won the pennant."
}
] |
The baseball player, Bob Lemon, is a Californian who won a World Series in 1948.
| 1 | 1 |
Bob Lemon
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "The Lady's lake",
"text": "A number of locations are traditionally associated with the Lady of the Lake's abode."
}
] |
VX4eo68aCqYDeZthPCqh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Lady's lake",
"text": "Such places within Great Britain include the lakes Dozmary Pool and The Loe in Cornwall, the lakes Llyn Llydaw and Llyn Ogwen in Snowdonia, River Brue's area of Pomparles Bridge in Somerset, and the lake Loch Arthur in Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Later appearances | 20th–21st century",
"text": "The Mists of Avalon takes the tradition of multiple Ladies one step further."
},
{
"section_header": "In medieval literature",
"text": "This is also the place at where Lancelot du Lac (\"of the Lake\") is later raised, at first not knowing his real parentage, by Viviane after she is 18 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "The Lady's lake",
"text": "The place where Lancelot is raised is described there as to the north of Trèves-Cunault, on the Loire, in the middle of the (now extinct) forest of Beaufort-en-Vallée (the \"Bois en Val\" of the book)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later appearances | 20th–21st century",
"text": "Nimue breaks Excalibur and Merlin uses one of the pieces to make the Dark One dagger in order to control her."
},
{
"section_header": "In medieval literature",
"text": "The Vulgate Cycle tells of either a different or the same (that was made explicitly clear only in the later revisions) Lady of the Lake in the Prose Merlin-derived section, which takes place before its main Vulgate Lancelot section but was written later, and links her with the disappearance of Merlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Later appearances | 20th–21st century",
"text": "However, she manages to live on in all of the following Dark Ones, appearing to them as a vision."
},
{
"section_header": "In medieval literature",
"text": "This takes place during the time when Merlin is still at Arthur's side and before the introduction of Viviane in the story."
},
{
"section_header": "In medieval literature",
"text": "In still another telling, in a nonviolent scene taking place under a blooming hawthorn, Merlin is betrayed and placed inside an invisible and indestructible tower, but then she comes to him every day or night (a motif reminiscent of Ganieda's visits of Merlin's house in an earlier version of Merlin's life as described in Vita Merlini)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later appearances | 20th–21st century",
"text": "Afterward, she kills Vortigan, which darkens her magic and turns her into the very first Dark One."
},
{
"section_header": "The Lady's lake",
"text": "A number of locations are traditionally associated with the Lady of the Lake's abode."
}
] |
The Lady of the Lake only has one place.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lady of the Lake
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Weber chose to emphasize Smith's defensive skills by showing Smith stretched horizontal to the ground while fielding a baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Days later on August 11, Smith was back at Busch Memorial Stadium for the unveiling of a statue in his likeness made by sculptor Harry Weber."
}
] |
VY7h1pYpylA50JFBBF5X
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "Running with his back to home plate, Smith dove forward, simultaneously catching the ball while parallel to the ground and flying over the diving Ford, avoiding a collision by inches."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "The Padres played host to the Atlanta Braves on April 20, 1978, and with two out in the top of the fourth inning, Atlanta's Jeff Burroughs hit a ground ball up the middle."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "When St. Louis was trailing 3–1 with one out in the sixth inning of Game 7, Smith started a rally with a base hit to left field, eventually scoring the first of the team's three runs that inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "At the ceremony Weber told Smith, \"You spent half of your career up in the air."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "The Cardinals scored two more runs in the 8th inning for a 6-3 win and the championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Days later on August 11, Smith was back at Busch Memorial Stadium for the unveiling of a statue in his likeness made by sculptor Harry Weber."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "When the Cardinals were trailing by 10 runs during Game 7 on October 17, Smith flied out to right field while pinch-hitting in the sixth inning, marking the end of his playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "On September 2 Smith tied a career high by scoring four runs, one of which was a home run, and another on a close play at home plate in the bottom of the 10th inning against division leader Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "With the score tied at two runs apiece in the bottom of the ninth inning, Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda called upon closer Tom Niedenfuer to pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "In the top of the ninth inning, Phillies pinch-hitter Von Hayes hit a short fly ball to left field, which was pursued by both Smith and left fielder Curt Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Weber chose to emphasize Smith's defensive skills by showing Smith stretched horizontal to the ground while fielding a baseball."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith has inspired a statue in which he's diving, parallel to the ground, because of how much he was in the air when he played.
| 1 | 2 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "As he had previously requested, upon his death no memorial or funeral service was held for him."
}
] |
VYO5yE8D9ukWfPHGkc5D
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Burt Lancaster died at his apartment in Century City, California, after suffering a third heart attack at 4:50 am on October 20, 1994, at the age of 80."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "As he had previously requested, upon his death no memorial or funeral service was held for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His body was cremated, and his ashes were scattered under a large oak tree in Westwood Memorial Park which is located in Westwood Village, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and relationships",
"text": "His third marriage, to Susan Martin, lasted from September 1990 until his death in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Burton Stephen Lancaster (November 2, 1913 – October 20, 1994) was an American actor and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He continued acting into his late 70s, until a stroke in 1990 forced him to retire; four years later he died from a heart attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "A small, square ground plaque amidst several others inscribed \"BURT LANCASTER 1913–1994\", marks the location."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems",
"text": "Following two minor heart attacks, he had to undergo an emergency quadruple coronary bypass in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II service",
"text": "With the United States having entered World War II, Lancaster joined the United States Army in 1942 and performed with the Army's 21st Special Services Division, one of the military groups organized to follow the troops on the ground and provide USO entertainment to keep up morale."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Hollywood Ten",
"text": "He was one of 26 movie stars who flew to Washington in October 1947 to protest against the HUAC hearings."
}
] |
Burt Lancaster died at his apartment in Century City, California, after suffering a third heart attack at 4:50 am on October 20, 1994, at the age of 80 in which , upon his death no memorial or funeral service was held for him.
| 0 | 0 |
Burt Lancaster
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "He was the only child of Giuseppe Rossini, a trumpeter and horn player, and his wife Anna, née Guidarini, a seamstress by trade, daughter of a baker."
}
] |
VYkv9EGl6KElJEGeumaR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early retirement: 1830–1855",
"text": "He left Colbran in Castenaso; she never returned to Paris and they never lived together again."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "Others came to Italy to study the revival of Italian opera and used its lessons to advance themselves; amongst these was the Berlin-born Giacomo Meyerbeer who arrived in Italy in 1816, a year after Rossini's establishment at Naples, and lived and worked there until following him to Paris in 1825; he used one of Rossini's librettists, Gaetano Rossi, for five of his seven Italian operas, which were produced at Turin, Venice and Milan."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Naples and Il barbiere: 1815–1820",
"text": "The city had once been the operatic capital of Europe; the memory of Cimarosa was revered and Paisiello was still living, but there were no local composers of any stature to follow them, and Rossini quickly won the public and critics round."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Withdrawal, 1830–1868",
"text": "Living in Bologna, he occupied himself teaching singing at the Liceo Musicale, and also created a pasticcio of Tell, Rodolfo di Sterlinga, for the benefit of the singer Nikolay Ivanov, for which Giuseppe Verdi provided some new arias."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy",
"text": "In 1886, less than twenty years after the composer's death, Bernard Shaw wrote: \"The once universal Rossini, whose Semiramide appeared to our greener grandfathers a Ninevesque wonder, came at last to be no longer looked upon as a serious musician.\" In an 1877 review of Il barbiere, he noted that Adelina Patti sang as an encore in the lesson scene \"Home, Sweet Home\" but that \"the opera proved so intolerably wearisome that some of her audience had already displayed their appreciation of the sentiment of the ballad in the most practical way."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy",
"text": "All of Rossini's operas have been recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\"",
"text": "Rossini's strategies met this reality."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Paris and final operas: 1824–1829",
"text": "It was Rossini's last opera with an Italian libretto."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | First operas: 1810–1815",
"text": "1815 marked an important stage in Rossini's career."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "He was the only child of Giuseppe Rossini, a trumpeter and horn player, and his wife Anna, née Guidarini, a seamstress by trade, daughter of a baker."
}
] |
Gioachino Rossini's grandfather baked for a living.
| 0 | 0 |
Gioachino Rossini
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The performances by Tony Curtis and Sidney Poitier are virtually flawless."
}
] |
VYqgpYOCNIyCqFO4Ax9u
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Variety magazine likewise praised the acting and discussed the film's major theme, writing, \"The theme of The Defiant Ones is that what keeps men apart is their lack of knowledge of one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Defiant Ones is a 1958 adventure drama film which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Tony Curtis and Sidney Poitier."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The performances by Tony Curtis and Sidney Poitier are virtually flawless."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "The basis of The Defiant Ones was revisited several times in popular media: Warner Bros. parodied the film in Friz Freleng's 1961 cartoon D' Fightin' Ones, in which Sylvester the Cat escapes from captivity in a dogcatcher truck while chained to a bulldog."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The two missing men are Noah Cullen (Sidney Poitier) and John \"Joker\" Jackson (Tony Curtis)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film earned rentals of $2.5 million in the United States and Canada but did not perform as well overseas."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "When the film was first released, Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, lauded the production and the acting in the film, writing, \"A remarkably apt and dramatic visualization of a social idea—the idea of men of different races brought together to face misfortune in a bond of brotherhood—is achieved by producer Stanley Kramer in his new film, The Defiant Ones... Between the two principal performers there isn't much room for a choice."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Sidney Poitier as Noah Cullen Tony Curtis as John “Joker” Jackson Theodore Bikel as Sheriff Max Muller"
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "In the \"Coyote Lovely\" episode, after handcuffing Lana and Cyril together, Archer says \"... just like The Defiant Ones.\" In the video game Red Dead Redemption 2, a side mission involves two shackled men, Mr. Black & Mr. White, escaping a chain gang."
}
] |
Sidney Poitier did not act well in The Defiant Ones.
| 0 | 0 |
The Defiant Ones
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The nickname \"Goose\" came about when a friend did not like his previous nickname \"Goss\", and noted he looked like a goose when he extended his neck to read the signs given by the catcher when he was pitching."
}
] |
VYuSZLytfG34qdjcikvo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although Gossage is otherwise generally referred to as \"Rich\" in popular media, a baseball field named after him bears the name \"Rick\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Gossage coached the American League team in the Taco Bell All-Star Legends & Celebrity Softball Game in Anaheim, California on July 12, 2010.At the Hall of Fame induction in 2008, Gossage expressed gratitude to a number of baseball people who had helped him through his career, and several times described his Hall of Fame week experience as \"amazing\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Gossage holds the Yankees' career record for ERA (2.14) and hits per nine innings (6.59) among pitchers with at least 500 innings for the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Pioneer of the closer role",
"text": "The most effective pairing was Ron Davis and Gossage, with Davis typically entering the game in the 7th or 8th innings and Gossage finishing up."
},
{
"section_header": "Pioneer of the closer role",
"text": "Gossage and top relievers of his era were known as firemen, relievers who entered the game when a lead was in jeopardy—usually with men on base—and regardless of the inning and often pitching two or three innings while finishing the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Pioneer of the closer role",
"text": "He had more saves of at least two innings than saves where he pitched one inning or less."
},
{
"section_header": "Pioneer of the closer role",
"text": "Gossage had 17 games where he recorded at least 10 outs in his first season as a closer, including three games where he went seven innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1984, Gossage clinched another title, earning the save in Game 5 of the NL Championship Series and sending the Padres to their first World Series; after San Diego had scored four runs in the seventh inning to take a 6-3 lead against the Chicago Cubs, Gossage pitched the final two innings, getting Jody Davis to hit into a force play for the final out."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Multiple-inning outings provide more chances for a reliever to blow a save, as he needs not only to get out of the initial situation but also to pitch additional innings in which to possibly lose the lead."
},
{
"section_header": "Pioneer of the closer role",
"text": "He pitched over 130 innings as a reliever in three different seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The nickname \"Goose\" came about when a friend did not like his previous nickname \"Goss\", and noted he looked like a goose when he extended his neck to read the signs given by the catcher when he was pitching."
}
] |
Gossage has been referred to by several names in MLB.
| 1 | 2 |
Rich Gossage
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the early days of World War II, Cohan comes out of retirement to star as President Roosevelt in the Rodgers and Hart"
}
] |
VZLVU6i02YKPoQyL9jrk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yankee Doodle Dandy is a 1942 American biographical musical film about George M. Cohan, known as \"The Man Who Owned Broadway\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "In Yankee Doodle Dandy, Eddie Foy, Jr. played the role of his own father."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1993, Yankee Doodle Dandy was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical numbers",
"text": "\"The Yankee Doodle Boy\" (reprise) – Played by Orchestra behind end credits."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1993, Yankee Doodle Dandy was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\", and in 1998, the movie was ranked #100 on the 100 Years...100 Movies list, by the American Film Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Yankee Doodle Dandy was adapted as a radio play on the October 19, 1942 broadcast of The Screen Guild Theater, starring James Cagney with Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical numbers",
"text": "\"The Yankee Doodle Boy\" – Sung and Danced by James Cagney, Joan Leslie (dubbed by Sally Sweetland) and Chorus."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He leaves the act and hawks his songs unsuccessfully around to producers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "The Yankee Doodle Boy 2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes: \"My mother thanks you."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "Because of Cohan's failing health, Warner Brothers moved up the scheduled gala premiere from July 4 to May 29; the original date had been chosen because of the film's patriotic theme and because Cohan really had been born on the Fourth of July, as he wrote in the lyrics of his \"Yankee Doodle Dandy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the early days of World War II, Cohan comes out of retirement to star as President Roosevelt in the Rodgers and Hart"
}
] |
Yankee Doodle Dandy was a musical film that took place around the beginning stages of WWI.
| 1 | 4 |
Yankee Doodle Dandy
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, and is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp."
}
] |
VZdbHbOEjrE0RsimhI6M
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Jurassic Park was broadcast on television for the first time on May 7, 1995, following the April 26 airing of The Making of Jurassic Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2006, IGN ranked Jurassic Park as the 19th-greatest film franchise ever."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, and is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Jurassic Park was the highest-rated theatrical film broadcast on television by any network since the April 1987 airing of Trading Places."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In June 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic closing most theaters worldwide and limiting what films played, Jurassic Park returned to 230 theaters (mostly drive-ins)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Spielberg make Jurassic Park first."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It was the only Universal Pictures film to surpass the $1 billion mark until 2015, when the studio had three such films, Furious 7, Minions, and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park franchise, Jurassic World."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Jurassic Park was first released on a Collector's Edition DVD and VHS on October 10, 2000, in both Widescreen (1.85:1) and Full Screen (1.33:1) versions, and as part of a box set with the sequel The Lost World: Jurassic Park and both movies' soundtrack albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Before its publication, Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989, while he was discussing a screenplay with Crichton that would become the television series ER."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Since its release, Jurassic Park has frequently been cited by film critics and industry professionals as one of the greatest movies of the action and thriller genres."
}
] |
The film, Jurassic Park, was a television show before it was a movie and the first in the franchise.
| 0 | 0 |
Jurassic Park (film)
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Newton-John has been married twice."
}
] |
VZmt9DPIFOWJLetbHlhq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "Newton-John married her long-time boyfriend, actor Matt Lattanzi, in December 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Newton-John has been married twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She married John Easterling in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career beginnings",
"text": "Carroll and Farrar would later marry)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success",
"text": "If You Love Me, Let Me Know's title track was in fact its first single and reached No. 5 Pop, No. 2 Country (her best country position to date) and No. 2 AC."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success",
"text": ", He's My Brother\" (1976) – 2 weeks"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New image",
"text": "Pop, No. 2 AC). (ELO also charted with \"I'm Alive\" (No. 16"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Ewbank, Tim (2008). Olivia: The Biography of Olivia Newton-John."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New image",
"text": "I've my dominant self, my need-to-be-dominated self, the sane Olivia and the crazy Olivia."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "On 2 November 2019, Julien's Auctions auctioned hundreds of memorabilia from the singer's career."
}
] |
Olivia has been married 2 times.
| 2 | 5 |
Olivia Newton-John
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | General media",
"text": "\"Fishsticks\". In September 2013, West was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in Kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, at the wedding of authoritarian President Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson."
}
] |
Va2Zu3cXK6I75peP56bK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | General media",
"text": "\"Fishsticks\". In September 2013, West was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in Kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, at the wedding of authoritarian President Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | General media",
"text": "Other notable Western performers, including Sting, have previously cancelled performances in the country over human rights concerns."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–15: Yeezus and Adidas collaboration",
"text": "Toward the end of the set, West proclaimed himself: \"the greatest living rock star on the planet.\" Media outlets, including social media sites such as Twitter, were divided on his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | General media",
"text": "Bush stated in an interview that the comment was \"one of the most disgusting moments\" of his presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2003–06: The College Dropout and Late Registration",
"text": "\" West's comment reached much of the United States, leading to mixed reactions; President Bush would later call it one of the most \"disgusting moments\" of his presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "No one's near doing what he's doing, it's not even on the same planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "He said, \"All good. Kanye West, I got super respect for Kanye."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1996–2002: Early work and Roc-A-Fella Records",
"text": "Kanye West began his early production career in the mid-1990s, creating beats primarily for burgeoning local artists, eventually developing a style that involved speeding up vocal samples from classic soul records."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "The Life of Pablo. In June 2016, Adidas announced a new long-term contract with Kanye West which sees the Yeezy line extend to a number of stores and enter sports performance products."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "In October 26, President Trump praised West during his speech at the Young Black Leadership Summit, adding \"I think Kanye may be the most powerful man in all of politics\", referring to a story on West's effect on African-Americans."
}
] |
Kanye West performed for the President of a country with literally the worst human rights record on the planet.
| 5 | 6 |
Kanye West
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "Evans returned to Ohio and accepted a job as a sports reporter at the Youngstown Daily Vindicator."
}
] |
VaBu8hYsUCiBOmtO7GYc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "In Youngstown, the Evans family joined Westminster Presbyterian Church, where Billy Evans attended Sunday school."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league umpiring career",
"text": "From 1918 to 1928, he served as sports editor of Newspaper Enterprise Association and produced a syndicated sports column titled, \"Billy Evans Says\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William George Evans (February 10, 1884 – January 23, 1956), nicknamed \"The Boy Umpire\", was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1906 to 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league umpiring career",
"text": "Working in an era during which most major league games used no more than two umpires (and sometimes only one), Evans single-handedly umpired seven double-headers in eight days during the 1907 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Executive career",
"text": "Evans soon found work as chief scout and head of the Boston Red Sox farm system, but left on October 8, 1940 after the team sold Pee Wee Reese to the Brooklyn Dodgers over his objections."
},
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "In the early 1900s, while covering a baseball game between the Youngstown Ohio Works club and a team from Homestead, Pennsylvania, Evans was approached by the manager of the local club, ex-major leaguer Marty Hogan, and asked to fill an umpire vacancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Executive career",
"text": "Johnson allegedly accused Evans of \"disloyalty\", while Evans reportedly replied that he refused to be a \"yes man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league umpiring career",
"text": "In September 1921, Evans was involved in a bloody fistfight with Ty Cobb, who contested one of Evans' calls."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Evans' contributions to baseball have been widely recognized."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league umpiring career",
"text": ", Evans never made claims to infallibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "Evans returned to Ohio and accepted a job as a sports reporter at the Youngstown Daily Vindicator."
}
] |
Billy Evans worked as a weather correspondent.
| 1 | 5 |
Billy Evans
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Further points of consideration",
"text": "Several aspects of the play give rise to critical discussion: The love expressed in the play tends to be centred on material gain rather than the love of the partner."
}
] |
VaFPqIwMRvvQ9jdhTACK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Way of the World is a play written by the English playwright William Congreve."
},
{
"section_header": "Epigraph of the 1700 edition",
"text": "The epigraph found on the title page of the 1700 edition of The Way of the World contains two Latin quotations from Horace's Satires."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mrs. Fainall and Mrs. Marwood are discussing their hatred of men."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "In 1700, the world of London theatre-going had changed significantly from the days of, for example, The Country Wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Later, Mrs. Fainall discusses this plan with Foible, but this is overheard by Mrs. Marwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Therefore, The Way of the World's recreation of the older Restoration comedy's patterns is only one of the things that made the play unusual."
},
{
"section_header": "Further points of consideration",
"text": "Several aspects of the play give rise to critical discussion: The love expressed in the play tends to be centred on material gain rather than the love of the partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mirabell and Millamant, equally strong-willed, discuss in detail the conditions under which they would accept each other in marriage (otherwise known as the \"proviso scene\"), showing the depth of their feeling for each other."
}
] |
The Way of the World has raised some discussions with arguments.
| 1 | 6 |
The Way of the World
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Counting",
"text": "If the number of counts is not very large, it is more accurate to measure the time interval for a predetermined number of occurrences, rather than the number of occurrences within a specified time."
}
] |
VadZu5MEw35Pl2O3nFNG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Counting",
"text": "Calculating the frequency of a repeating event is accomplished by counting the number of times that event occurs within a specific time period, then dividing the count by the length of the time period."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Counting",
"text": "If the number of counts is not very large, it is more accurate to measure the time interval for a predetermined number of occurrences, rather than the number of occurrences within a specified time."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Frequency counter",
"text": "It uses digital logic to count the number of cycles during a time interval established by a precision quartz time base."
},
{
"section_header": "Related types of frequency",
"text": "Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the time axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Counting",
"text": "For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is: f"
},
{
"section_header": "Related types of frequency",
"text": "\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathrm {d} \\theta }{\\mathrm {d} t}}=\\omega =2\\mathrm {\\pi } f} Angular frequency is commonly measured in radians per second (rad/s) but, for discrete-time signals, can also be expressed as radians per sampling interval, which is a dimensionless quantity."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Counting",
"text": "The latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count."
},
{
"section_header": "Related types of frequency",
"text": "In the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity."
}
] |
Counting frequency of the time of events is usually more precise the smaller sample size.
| 1 | 6 |
Frequency
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during 1692–93."
}
] |
Vb8q9c0BqtVS90zqi50z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Three",
"text": "The third act takes place thirty-seven days later in the General Court of Salem, during the trial of Martha Corey."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Two",
"text": "Additionally, fears of Satanism taking place after incidents in Europe and the colonies are compared to fears of Communism following its implementation in Eastern Europe and China during the Cold War. (Again, narration not present in all versions)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Language of the period",
"text": "The play's action takes place 70 years after the community arrived as settlers from Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Four",
"text": "Act Four takes place three months later in the town jail, early in the morning."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during 1692–93."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Two",
"text": "Unsure of how to proceed, Hale prepares to take his leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "No character is in the play who did not take a similar role in Salem, 1692."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Four",
"text": "She and John have a lengthy discussion, during which she commends him for holding out and not confessing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "1996 – The Crucible with a screenplay by Arthur Miller himself."
}
] |
The Crucible takes place in Connecticut during the seventeenth century.
| 2 | 4 |
The Crucible
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda."
}
] |
VbJmg6oGw2eRnFAebmtE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The giant squid, which until recently had not been observed alive in its adult form, is one of the largest invertebrates, but a recently caught specimen of the colossal squid, 10 m (33 ft) long and weighing 500 kg (1,100 lb), may have overtaken it."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "Cephalopoda such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses are among the neurologically most advanced of all invertebrates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Nervous system",
"text": "The bivalves have only three pairs of ganglia— cerebral, pedal, and visceral— with the visceral as the largest and most important of the three functioning as the principal center of \"thinking\"."
}
] |
It is the largest invertebrate.
| 3 | 5 |
Mollusca
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Grant Barrow (May 10, 1868 – December 15, 1953) was an American manager and front office executive in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
VbQT3rfno78UQKKxSYQU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "He also hired Lizzie Arlington, the first woman in professional baseball, to pitch a few innings a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "When Huggins died in 1929, Barrow chose Bob Shawkey to replace him as manager, passing over Ruth, who wanted the opportunity to become a player-manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In May 1950, an exhibition game was played in honor of Barrow, with Barrow managing a team of retired stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Barrow was considered a potential successor to AL president Ban Johnson in 1927, but Barrow declared that he was not interested in the job."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barrow was born in Springfield, Illinois, the oldest of four children, all male, born to Effie Ann Vinson-Heller and John Barrow."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Barrow managed the Tigers again in 1904, but unable to coexist with Frank Navin, Yawkey's secretary-treasurer, Barrow tendered his resignation."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to baseball",
"text": "When Ruth told Barrow that he could only pitch or hit, Barrow decided that Ruth's bat was more useful than his pitching, and transitioned him from a pitcher into an outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barrow was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "With the Tigers, Barrow feuded with shortstop Kid Elberfeld."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to baseball",
"text": "Barrow returned to baseball in 1910, managing Montreal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Grant Barrow (May 10, 1868 – December 15, 1953) was an American manager and front office executive in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
Barrow passed away in 1955.
| 0 | 0 |
Ed Barrow
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Caves of Balankanche",
"text": "In the caves, a large selection of ancient pottery and idols may be seen still in the positions where they were left in pre-Columbian times."
}
] |
Vc5bQQj44o3d6GzXpPhx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Caves of Balankanche",
"text": "In the caves, a large selection of ancient pottery and idols may be seen still in the positions where they were left in pre-Columbian times."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Caves of Balankanche",
"text": "Behind it he found an extended network of caves with significant quantities of undisturbed archaeological remains, including pottery and stone-carved censers, stone implements and jewelry."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Sacred Cenote",
"text": "Archaeological investigations support this as thousands of objects have been removed from the bottom of the cenote, including material such as gold, carved jade, copal, pottery, flint, obsidian, shell, wood, rubber, cloth, as well as skeletons of children and men."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Caves of Balankanche",
"text": "The location of the cave has been well known in modern times."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Caves of Balankanche",
"text": "E. Wyllys Andrews IV also explored the cave in the 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and orthography",
"text": "One possible translation for Itza is \"enchanter (or enchantment) of the water,\" from its, \"sorcerer,\" and ha, \"water."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Caves of Balankanche",
"text": "A.S. Pearse and a team of biologists explored the cave in 1932 and 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern history",
"text": "For 30 years, Thompson explored the ancient city."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Caves of Balankanche",
"text": "Shook determined that the cave had been inhabited over a long period, at least from the Preclassic to the post-conquest era."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Great Ball Court",
"text": "It is the largest and best preserved ball court in ancient Mesoamerica."
}
] |
Most of the ancient pottery and idols in the caves has been removed.
| 2 | 2 |
Chichen Itza
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015."
}
] |
VcEBN3fxwJkJh26U4CCh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest free-standing structure in France after the Millau Viaduct."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Subsequent events",
"text": "Facing the Champ de Mars, Devaux used an electric winch between figures to go back up to the second floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Wind considerations",
"text": "The Eiffel Tower sways by up to 9 centimetres (3.5 in) in the wind."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Wind considerations",
"text": "However, Eiffel and his team – experienced bridge builders – understood the importance of wind forces, and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world, they had to be sure it could withstand them."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Lifts",
"text": "The car was pushed up from below, not pulled up from above: to prevent the chain buckling, it was enclosed in a conduit."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "At this stage, a small \"creeper\" crane designed to move up the tower was installed in each leg."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origin",
"text": "He later established a separate company to manage the tower, putting up half the necessary capital himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Material",
"text": "Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7 in) due to thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Replicas",
"text": "Tokyo Tower in Japan, built as a communications tower in 1958, was also inspired by the Eiffel Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Restaurants",
"text": "Additionally, there is a champagne bar at the top of the Eiffel Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015."
}
] |
Going up the Eiffel Tower is free.
| 0 | 0 |
Eiffel Tower
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died of heart problems the next year."
}
] |
VcWahLEZgzx1qGcZDn0i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Duffy was born in Cranston, Rhode Island to Irish immigrant Michael Duffy and wife Margaret Duffy."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Duffy was a player-manager for the Phillies from 1904 to 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Duffy then became a scout for the Red Sox in 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Duffy agreed to manage the Chicago White Sox in 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Duffy spent three years (1907–1909) as manager of the Providence Grays."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "At one point during the season, Duffy had a 26-game hitting streak."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Duffy ended up replacing Billy Sunday as the team's regular right fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "From 1891 through 1900, Duffy knocked in 100 runs or more eight times."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumously",
"text": "In 2019, Duffy was inducted into the Atlanta Braves Hall of Fame, along with Terry Pendleton."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "During the 1902 and 1903 seasons, Duffy was player-manager for the Western League's Milwaukee franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died of heart problems the next year."
}
] |
Duffy passed due to a brain aneurysm.
| 0 | 0 |
Hugh Duffy
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An early and primary event in the story is the abandonment of a passenger ship in distress by its crew, including a young British seaman named Jim."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is publicly censured for this action and the novel follows his later attempts at coming to terms with himself and his past."
}
] |
VcffGsUKxayynxwwzm7t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references to Lord Jim in other works",
"text": "Lord Jim is referenced in the final section of Herman Wouk's 1951 novel The Caine Mutiny as the captain of the Caine struggles to come to terms with his own decision to abandon ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is publicly censured for this action and the novel follows his later attempts at coming to terms with himself and his past."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An early and primary event in the story is the abandonment of a passenger ship in distress by its crew, including a young British seaman named Jim."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Marlow: Sea captain in the merchant service of the British Empire who helps Jim after his fall from grace, trying to understand how \"one of us\" could lack the bravery and judgment expected of seamen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Captain Charles Marlow attends the trial and meets Jim, whose behavior he condemns, but the young man intrigues him."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Jim: Young parson's son who takes to the sea, training for the merchant service as steam ships mix with sailing ships."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Jim escapes, starting life there on his own terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The captain thinks the ship will sink, and Jim agrees, but wants to put the passengers on the few boats before that can happen."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "The book has twice been adapted into film: Lord Jim (1925), directed by Victor Fleming. Lord Jim (1965), directed by Richard Brooks and starring Peter O'Toole as Jim."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He is a man of huge girth. He orders the engineers to free a boat for them to leave the ship."
}
] |
Lord Jim is a book about a young man who left a passenger ship that was in need of help and tries to come to terms with what he did.
| 0 | 0 |
Lord Jim
|
Technology
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft",
"text": "Gates and Allen established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as the CEO, and Allen suggested the name \"Micro-Soft\", short for micro-computer software."
}
] |
Vd286tEU4gpCtsugXy51
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft",
"text": "Childhood friends Bill Gates and Paul Allen sought to make a business utilizing their shared skills in computer programming."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft",
"text": "Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in 1983 after developing Hodgkin's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1995–2007: Foray into the Web, Windows 95, Windows XP, and Xbox",
"text": "On January 13, 2000, Bill Gates handed over the CEO position to Steve Ballmer, an old college friend of Gates and employee of the company since 1980, while creating a new position for himself as Chief Software Architect."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft",
"text": "Gates and Allen established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as the CEO, and Allen suggested the name \"Micro-Soft\", short for micro-computer software."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "On the same day, John W. Thompson took on the role of chairman, in place of Bill Gates, who continued to participate as a technology advisor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft",
"text": "Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter, and it worked flawlessly when they demonstrated it to MITS in March 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Corporate culture",
"text": "Bill Gates claims the cap on H1B visas makes it difficult to hire employees for the company, stating \"I'd certainly get rid of the H1B cap\" in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft",
"text": "Gates enrolled at Harvard while Allen pursued a degree in computer science at Washington State University, though he later dropped out of school to work at Honeywell."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft",
"text": "Allen claimed in Idea Man: A Memoir by the Co-founder of Microsoft that Gates wanted to dilute his share in the company when he was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease because he did not think that he was working hard enough."
}
] |
Microsoft was created in May 5, 1976 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
| 2 | 10 |
Microsoft
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Publication's effect on literary climate",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was eventually published on December 10, 1884, in Canada and the United Kingdom, and on February 18, 1885, in the United States."
}
] |
VddYhJASDgPAMDLGeoLt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (or, in more recent editions, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) is a novel by Mark Twain, first published in the United Kingdom in December 1884 and in the United States in February 1885."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication's effect on literary climate",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was eventually published on December 10, 1884, in Canada and the United Kingdom, and on February 18, 1885, in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "Manga Classics: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published by UDON Entertainment's Manga Classics imprint was released in November 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "In 2016, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was removed from a public school district in Virginia, along with the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, due to their use of racial slurs."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Expurged editions",
"text": "A 2011 edition of the book, published by NewSouth Books, employed the word \"slave\" (although being incorrectly addressed to a freed man), and did not use the term \"Injun.\" Mark Twain scholar"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in a Southern antebellum society that had ceased to exist over 20 years before the work was published, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an often scathing satire on entrenched attitudes, particularly racism."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn explores themes of race and identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1973), by Robert James Dixson – a simplified version Big River: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a 1985 Broadway musical with lyrics and music by Roger Miller"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1955), starring Thomas Mitchell and John Carradine"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In the 2001 The Simpsons episode \"Simpsons Tall Tales\", this is based off scenes from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
}
] |
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn book was published in 1884 in the U.S.
| 0 | 0 |
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "With a slow delivery of his screwball, Hubbell recorded five consecutive 20-win seasons for the Giants (1933–37) and helped his team to three NL pennants and the 1933 World Series title."
}
] |
VeHXeHdYT2hz9UA3yYbR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: Carl Jr. (b. 1936) and James."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Owen Hubbell (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed \"The Meal Ticket\" and \"King Carl\", was an American Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Carl Jr. had a brief career in the lower minor leagues and later was a career officer in the United States Marine Corps."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hubbell's primary pitch was the screwball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He led the league in innings pitched in 1933 (308)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He pitched a no-hitter against the Pittsburgh Pirates (11–0, May 8, 1929)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He led the league in strikeouts per 9 innings pitched in 1938 (5.23)."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "However, pitching coach George McBride and player-manager Ty Cobb weren't impressed with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Hubbell would go 10–6 in his first major league season and would pitch his entire career for the Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Additionally, they were concerned about his reliance on a screwball, a pitch that some believe places an unusual amount of stress on a pitcher's arm."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "With a slow delivery of his screwball, Hubbell recorded five consecutive 20-win seasons for the Giants (1933–37) and helped his team to three NL pennants and the 1933 World Series title."
}
] |
Carl was known for his repertoire of pitches.
| 0 | 3 |
Carl Hubbell
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Texas is nicknamed the \"Lone Star State\" for its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity",
"text": "As of the 2015 Texas Population Estimate Program, the population of the state was 27,469,114; non-Hispanic whites 11,505,371 (41.9%); Black Americans 3,171,043 (11.5%); other races 1,793,580 (6.5%); and Hispanics and Latinos (of any race) 10,999,120 (40.0%).According to the 2010 United States census, the racial composition of Texas was the following: White American 70.4 percent (Non-Hispanic whites 45.3 percent) Black or African American: 11.8 percent American Indian: 0.7 percent"
}
] |
VevgAWCyieHEZvhcmLfj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"Lone Star\" can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Texas is nicknamed the \"Lone Star State\" for its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity",
"text": "As of the 2015 Texas Population Estimate Program, the population of the state was 27,469,114; non-Hispanic whites 11,505,371 (41.9%); Black Americans 3,171,043 (11.5%); other races 1,793,580 (6.5%); and Hispanics and Latinos (of any race) 10,999,120 (40.0%).According to the 2010 United States census, the racial composition of Texas was the following: White American 70.4 percent (Non-Hispanic whites 45.3 percent) Black or African American: 11.8 percent American Indian: 0.7 percent"
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "The athletics portion of the Lone Star Showdown rivalry has been put on hold after the Texas A&M Aggies joined the Southeastern Conference."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity",
"text": "meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white)."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "A fierce rivalry, the Lone Star Showdown, also exists between the state's two largest universities, Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity",
"text": "Between 2000 and 2010, the total population growth by 20.6 percent, but Hispanics growth by 65 percent, whereas non-Hispanic whites grew by only 4.2 percent."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Economic and political change (1950–present)",
"text": "The state's population grew quickly during this period, with large levels of migration from outside the state."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity",
"text": "In 2010, 49 percent of all births were Hispanics; 35 percent were non-Hispanic whites; 11.5 percent were non-Hispanic blacks, and 4.3 percent were Asians/Pacific Islanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | State government",
"text": "The Legislature meets in regular session biennially for just over a hundred days, but the governor can call for special sessions as often as desired (notably, the Legislature cannot call itself into session)."
}
] |
The State of Texas is called the Lone Star State and has a large non white population.
| 1 | 4 |
Texas
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "It is likely that Mausolus started to plan the tomb before his death, as part of the building works in Halicarnassus, so that when he died, Artemisia continued the building project."
}
] |
Vf0EmsY6uCrG34gV9bFs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "It is likely that Mausolus started to plan the tomb before his death, as part of the building works in Halicarnassus, so that when he died, Artemisia continued the building project."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "Artemisia spared no expense in building the tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Therefore, it is believed that construction was begun by Mausolus before his death or continued by the next leaders."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "The tomb became so famous that Mausolus's name is now the eponym for all stately tombs, in the word mausoleum."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "Artemisia lived for only two years after the death of her husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "Finally, he found the statues of Mausolus and Artemisia that had stood at the pinnacle of the building."
},
{
"section_header": "Dimensions and statues",
"text": "Work still continues today as groups continue to excavate and research the mausoleum's art."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "When he died the project was continued by his siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "The bodies of Mausolus and Artemisia were missing too."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a native Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria."
}
] |
Artemisia continued building the tomb after Mausolus's death.
| 2 | 6 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many."
}
] |
Vf64YMMXh3fDFK6Xpau1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Anucleated cells",
"text": "An anucleated cell contains no nucleus and is, therefore, incapable of dividing to produce daughter cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Anucleated cells",
"text": "Anucleated cells can also arise from flawed cell division in which one daughter lacks a nucleus and the other has two nuclei."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell",
"text": "Most eukaryotic cell types usually have a single nucleus, but some have no nuclei, while others have several."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Multinucleated cells",
"text": "Other multinucleate cells in the human are osteoclasts a type of bone cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Structures | Nucleolus",
"text": "The nucleolus is the largest of the discrete densely stained, membraneless structures known as nuclear bodies found in the nucleus."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Multinucleated cells",
"text": "Multinucleated and binucleated cells can also be abnormal in humans; for example, cells arising from the fusion of monocytes and macrophages, known as giant multinucleated cells, sometimes accompany inflammation and are also implicated in tumor formation."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell",
"text": "This can result from normal development, as in the maturation of mammalian red blood cells, or from faulty cell division."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Multinucleated cells",
"text": "Multinucleated cells contain multiple nuclei."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many."
}
] |
The cell nucleus is found in all cells.
| 0 | 0 |
Cell nucleus
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "Famine, alongside tax increases, widespread military desertions, a declining relief system, and natural disasters such as flooding and inability of the government to properly manage irrigation and flood-control projects caused widespread loss of life and normal civility."
}
] |
VfF9ZdVb01LZ2MtQmOfw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "These scattered Ming remnants in southern China after 1644 were collectively designated by 19th-century historians as the Southern Ming."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "Famine, alongside tax increases, widespread military desertions, a declining relief system, and natural disasters such as flooding and inability of the government to properly manage irrigation and flood-control projects caused widespread loss of life and normal civility."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by Han Chinese."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "For peasants this meant economic disaster, since they paid taxes in silver while conducting local trade and crop sales in copper."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "The Portuguese first established trade with China in 1516, trading Japanese silver for Chinese silk, and after some initial hostilities gained consent from the Ming court in 1557 to settle Macau as their permanent trade base in China."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "Making matters worse, a widespread epidemic spread across China from Zhejiang to Henan, killing an unknown but large number of people."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "In 1639 the new Tokugawa regime of Japan shut down most of its foreign trade with European powers, cutting off another source of silver coming into China."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "Famines became common in northern China in the early 17th century because of unusually dry and cold weather that shortened the growing season – effects of a larger ecological event now known as the Little Ice Age."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "On 25 April 1644, Beijing fell to a rebel army led by Li Zicheng when the city gates were opened by rebel allies from within."
}
] |
The Ming Dynasty that ruled China from 1368 to 1644 collapsed after multiple natural disasters.
| 1 | 3 |
Ming Dynasty
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1850s: International success",
"text": "During the year Berlioz completed the composition of L'Enfance du Christ, worked on his book of memoirs, and married Marie Recio, which, he explained to his son,"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1840s: Struggling composer",
"text": "Her suspicion about Recio was well founded: the latter became Berlioz's mistress in 1841 and accompanied him on his German tour."
}
] |
VhRIz0TGqxUtphnEVwBn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "whose first name was Amélie and whose second, possibly married, name is not recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "After the death of his second wife, Berlioz had two romantic interludes."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "In June 1862 Berlioz's wife died suddenly, aged 48."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Changing reputation",
"text": "\"One important reason for the steep rise in Berlioz's reputation and popularity is the introduction of the LP record after the Second World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1830–1832: Prix de Rome",
"text": "His feelings were reciprocated, and the couple planned to be married."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1821–1824: Medical student",
"text": "In March 1821 Berlioz passed the baccalauréat examination at the University of Grenoble – it is not certain whether at the first or second attempt – and in late September, aged seventeen, he moved to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1803–1821: Early years",
"text": "He was an agnostic with a liberal outlook; his wife was a strict Roman Catholic of less flexible views."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1830–1832: Prix de Rome",
"text": "During the same year he wrote the Symphonie fantastique and became engaged to be married."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1832–1840: Paris",
"text": "Biographers differ about whether and to what extent Smithson's receptiveness to Berlioz's wooing was motivated by financial considerations; but she accepted him, and in the face of strong opposition from both their families they were married at the British Embassy in Paris on 3 October 1833."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1850s: International success",
"text": "During the year Berlioz completed the composition of L'Enfance du Christ, worked on his book of memoirs, and married Marie Recio, which, he explained to his son,"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1840s: Struggling composer",
"text": "Her suspicion about Recio was well founded: the latter became Berlioz's mistress in 1841 and accompanied him on his German tour."
}
] |
Hector Berlioz's second wife was a lady he had an affair with while he was married to the first.
| 0 | 0 |
Hector Berlioz
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Death",
"text": "On March 20, 2020, Rogers died from natural causes under hospice care at his home in Sandy Springs, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Death",
"text": "He was 81 years old. The family is planning a small private service with a public memorial planned for a later date."
}
] |
VhizmN99dFskSrPfcLmB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "They formed the First Edition in 1967 (later renamed \"Kenny Rogers and the First Edition\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Death",
"text": "On March 20, 2020, Rogers died from natural causes under hospice care at his home in Sandy Springs, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kenny Rogers Roasters in collaboration with"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Solo career",
"text": "Rogers was with West only hours before she died at age 58 after sustaining injuries in a 1991 car accident, as discussed in his 2012 biography \"Luck Or Something Like It\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2015",
"text": "Also in 2007, the 1977 Kenny Rogers album was re-issued as a double CD, also featuring the 1979 Kenny album and this once again put Rogers' name into the sales charts worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2015",
"text": "In 2005 The Very Best of Kenny Rogers, a double album, sold well in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogers' albums The Gambler and Kenny were featured in the About.com poll of \"The 200 Most Influential Country Albums Ever\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Solo career",
"text": "On the strength of \"Lucille\", the album Kenny Rogers reached No. 1 on the Billboard Country Album Chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2015",
"text": "On April 10, 2010, a TV special was taped, Kenny Rogers: The First 50 Years."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting and other ventures",
"text": "He has authored the photo books Kenny Rogers' America (1986) and Your Friends and Mine (1987).As an entrepreneur"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Death",
"text": "He was 81 years old. The family is planning a small private service with a public memorial planned for a later date."
}
] |
Kenny Rogers died in his early 80s.
| 0 | 0 |
Kenny Rogers
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background and origin",
"text": "The Roman Republic had been aggressively expanding in the southern Italian mainland for a century before the First Punic War."
}
] |
VjLuWugmcecOL2ISw2iR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "The Romans launched an assault on the walls; after confused fighting they broke into the city, but lost in the dark, withdrew."
},
{
"section_header": "First Punic War, 264–241 BC | Course | Sicily, 255–241 BC",
"text": "The next year they lost another 150 ships to a storm."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC | Iberia | Roman victory in Iberia, 206–205 BC",
"text": "Later the same year a mutiny broke out among Roman troops, which initially attracted support from Iberian leaders, disappointed that Roman forces had remained in the peninsula after the expulsion of the Carthaginians, but it was effectively put down by Scipio."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Punic War broke out in Sicily in 264 BC as a result of Rome's expansionary attitude combined with Carthage's proprietary approach to the island."
},
{
"section_header": "First Punic War, 264–241 BC | Course | Sicily, 255–241 BC",
"text": "It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet, while Carthage put most of its ships into reserve to save money and free up manpower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The end of the war sparked a major but unsuccessful revolt within the Carthaginian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC | Italy | Cannae, 216 BC",
"text": "Within a few weeks of Cannae a Roman army of 25,000 was ambushed by Boii Gauls at the Battle of Silva Litana and annihilated."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC | Italy | Roman defeats, 218–217 BC",
"text": "Only 10,000 Romans out of 42,000 were able to cut their way to safety."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC | Italy | Roman defeats, 218–217 BC",
"text": "4,000 Roman cavalry from their other army were also engaged and wiped out."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and origin",
"text": "The Roman Republic had been aggressively expanding in the southern Italian mainland for a century before the First Punic War."
}
] |
Italy had lost a lot of territory within its borders for the 100 years before the wars broke out.
| 0 | 0 |
Punic Wars
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "Greenberg remained in military uniform until he was placed on the military inactive list and discharged from the U.S. Army on June 14, 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "Greenberg, who played left field in 72 games and batted .311 in 1945, helped lead the Tigers to a come-from-behind American League pennant, clinching it with a grand slam home run in the dark—there were no lights in Sportsman's Park in St. Louis—ninth inning of the final game of the season."
}
] |
VjYw3QlSGt5J8Szjnkt6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | World War II service",
"text": "He was ordered to New York, and in late 1944, to Richmond, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | World War II service",
"text": "In February 1944, he was sent to the U.S. Army Special Services school."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "Greenberg, who played left field in 72 games and batted .311 in 1945, helped lead the Tigers to a come-from-behind American League pennant, clinching it with a grand slam home run in the dark—there were no lights in Sportsman's Park in St. Louis—ninth inning of the final game of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "Phil Cavarretta hit a home run for the Cubs in Game One, Greenberg hit a homer in Game Two, where he batted in three runs in a 4–1 Tigers win, and he hit a two-run homer in Game Six in the eighth inning that tied the score 8–8; the Cubs went on to win that game with a run in the bottom of the 12th."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Early years",
"text": "In the bottom of the 6th inning, Greenberg and Lou Finney were sent into the game to replace right fielder Charlie Keller and left fielder Ted Williams with Greenberg playing in left field and Finney in right field."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "He was the first major league player to return to MLB after the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "In 1946, he returned to peak form and playing at first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "He returned to the Tigers team, and in his first game back on July 1, he homered."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "In 1947, Greenberg and the Tigers had a lengthy salary dispute."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "Said Greenberg, \"Ralph had a natural home run swing."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "Greenberg remained in military uniform until he was placed on the military inactive list and discharged from the U.S. Army on June 14, 1945."
}
] |
Greenberg returned to baseball in 1944.
| 0 | 0 |
Hank Greenberg
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The film is based on the 1975 Broadway musical, which ran for 936 performances but was not well received by audiences, primarily due to the show's cynical tone."
}
] |
VkESBOhwDEbkAhMyxOm7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Rivera originated the role of Velma Kelly in the Broadway musical Chicago in 1975; her appearance in the film is a cameo."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Chicago, along with the 2001 musical Moulin Rouge!"
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The minimalist 1996 revival of the musical proved far more successful, having played more than 9,562 performances (as of November 17, 2019), holding records for longest-running musical revival, longest-running American musical on Broadway, and second longest-running show in Broadway history."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Following the success of Chicago, many musical films have been released in cinemas, with several adapted from stage productions for Broadway and London's West End, including Phantom of the Opera, The Producers, Rent, Dreamgirls, Hairspray, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Mamma Mia!"
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "A film version of Chicago was to have been the next project for Bob Fosse, who had directed and choreographed the original 1975 Broadway production and had won an Oscar for his direction of the film version of Cabaret (1972)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chicago is a 2002 American musical black comedy crime film based on the 1975 stage musical of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The film is based on the 1975 Broadway musical, which ran for 936 performances but was not well received by audiences, primarily due to the show's cynical tone."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "musical, Chicago succeeds on the level of pure spectacle, but provides a surprising level of depth and humor as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Worldwide, Chicago was the highest grossing live action musical with $306 million, a record that was then broken by Mamma Mia!."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Critically lauded, Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003, including Best Picture, the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver!"
}
] |
Chicago was inspired from a Broadway musical.
| 1 | 3 |
Chicago (2002 film)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations."
}
] |
VkR16rdnQaipqeqOis18
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By 1604, when Charles was three-and-a-half, he was able to walk the length of the great hall at Dunfermline Palace without assistance, and it was decided that he was strong enough to make the journey to England to be reunited with his family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603 (as James I), he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious conflicts",
"text": "Although born in Scotland, Charles had become estranged from his northern kingdom; his first visit since early childhood was for his Scottish coronation in 1633."
},
{
"section_header": "Long Parliament | Tensions escalate",
"text": "Charles, fearing for the safety of his family in the face of unrest, assented reluctantly to Strafford's attainder on 9 May after consulting his judges and bishops."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The second son of King James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Charles was born in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, on 19 November 1600."
},
{
"section_header": "Heir apparent",
"text": "In 1617, the Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, a Catholic, was elected king of Bohemia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Together, they embodied an image of virtue and family life, and their court became a model of formality and morality."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles",
"text": "The authors of his death warrant referred to him as \"Charles Stuart, King of England\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his succession in 1625, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative."
}
] |
Charles I of England was born into the Habsburg family.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles I of England
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Iconography",
"text": "The first illustrations to accompany the text of Paradise Lost were added to the fourth edition of 1688, with one engraving prefacing each book, of which up to eight of the twelve were by Sir John Baptist Medina, one by Bernard Lens II, and perhaps up to four (including Books I and XII, perhaps the most memorable) by another hand."
}
] |
Vkl0yWyThlxeoDFRxlZv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608–1674)."
},
{
"section_header": "Iconography",
"text": "The first illustrations to accompany the text of Paradise Lost were added to the fourth edition of 1688, with one engraving prefacing each book, of which up to eight of the twelve were by Sir John Baptist Medina, one by Bernard Lens II, and perhaps up to four (including Books I and XII, perhaps the most memorable) by another hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Milton's purpose, as stated in Book I, is to \"justify the ways of God to men.\" In his introduction to the Penguin edition of Paradise Lost, the Milton scholar John Leonard notes, \"John Milton was nearly sixty when he published Paradise Lost in 1667."
},
{
"section_header": "Iconography",
"text": "Outside of book illustrations, the epic has also inspired other visual works by well-known painters like Salvador Dalí who executed a set of ten colour engravings in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Iconography",
"text": "Some of the most notable illustrators of Paradise Lost included William Blake, Gustave Doré and Henry Fuseli."
},
{
"section_header": "Motifs | Marriage",
"text": "Discussing Paradise Lost, Biberman entertains the idea that \"marriage is a contract made by both the man and the woman.\" These ideas imply Milton may have favored that both man and woman have equal access to marriage and to divorce."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In the 1667 version of Paradise Lost, the poem was divided into ten books."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "\"Leonard also notes that Milton \"did not at first plan to write a biblical epic.\" Since epics were typically written about heroic kings and queens (and with pagan gods), Milton originally envisioned his epic to be based on a legendary Saxon or British king like the legend of King Arthur."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Son of God",
"text": "Milton's God in Paradise Lost refers to the Son as \"My word, my wisdom, and effectual might\" (3.170)."
},
{
"section_header": "Motifs | Idolatry",
"text": "In the beginning of Paradise Lost and throughout the poem, there are several references to the rise and eventual fall of Solomon's temple."
}
] |
Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost had engravings and illustrations since the first edition some made by Milton himself.
| 2 | 3 |
Paradise Lost
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "IBM is headquartered in Armonk, New York, a community 37 miles (60 km) north of Midtown Manhattan."
}
] |
Vktr1e3AMpN0VBJ3Fsit
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A year later, it moved its corporate headquarters from New York City to Armonk, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "IBM is headquartered in Armonk, New York, a community 37 miles (60 km) north of Midtown Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "A nickname for the company is the \"Colossus of Armonk\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "In New York City, IBM has several offices besides CHQ, including the IBM Watson headquarters at Astor Place in Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On June 16, 1911, their four companies were amalgamated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint forming a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) based in Endicott, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "In 2004, concerns were raised related to IBM's contribution in its early days to pollution in its original location in Endicott, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "Defunct IBM campuses include the IBM Somers Office Complex (Somers, New York) and Tour Descartes (Paris, France)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "IBM is incorporated in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New York, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed \"International Business Machines\" in 1924."
}
] |
The company is headquartered in Armonk, New York.
| 2 | 2 |
IBM
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence Eugene Doby (December 13, 1923 – June 18, 2003) was an American professional baseball player in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB) who was the second black player to break baseball's color barrier and the first black player in the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Doby was born in Camden, South Carolina, to David Doby and Etta Brooks."
}
] |
VkvUnVye1kQxngjFWO8Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "Doby became the first member born in South Carolina elected to the Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence Eugene Doby (December 13, 1923 – June 18, 2003) was an American professional baseball player in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB) who was the second black player to break baseball's color barrier and the first black player in the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Integration of American League (1947)",
"text": "Doby entered the game in the seventh inning as a pinch-hitter for relief pitcher Bryan Stephens and recorded a strikeout."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Doby was born in Camden, South Carolina, to David Doby and Etta Brooks."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Integration of American League (1947)",
"text": "He was the first black player to join the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Second man",
"text": "It was also 50 years and 3 days since Doby became the first black player in the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Integration of American League (1947)",
"text": "His escort, Louis Jones, then took him not to the Del Prado Hotel downtown, where the Indians players stayed, but to the black DuSable Hotel in Chicago's predominantly black South Side, near Comiskey Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "He asked me how my family was back in the first inning.'\" In 2011, the U.S. Postal Service announced that Doby would be one of the four baseball players (along with Ted Williams, Joe DiMaggio, and Willie Stargell) to appear on a postage stamp in 2012, as part of its \"Major League Baseball All-Stars\" series."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Cleveland Indians | 1951–1955",
"text": "All-Star at bat, Doby hit a pinch-hit solo home run in the eighth inning to tie the game at 9–9; the AL squad went on to win, 11–9."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Cleveland Indians | 1951–1955",
"text": "His home run was the first hit by a black player in an All-Star Game."
}
] |
Lawrence Doby was the first black player in the American League and was born in the south.
| 1 | 3 |
Larry Doby
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The theme of liberation from a cramped, almost starved, emotional life into a more generous and gracious existence plays throughout The Ambassadors, yet it is noteworthy that James does not naïvely portray Paris as a faultless paradise for culturally stunted Americans."
}
] |
VllRJlP5DG0T3VbarLzk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ambassadors is a 1903 novel by Henry James, originally published as a serial in the North American Review (NAR)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Mediation/Intermediation: a major theme of the novel involves Strether's position as an ambassador."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In the New York Edition preface Henry James proclaimed The Ambassadors as the best of his novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Henry James got the central idea for The Ambassadors from an anecdote about his friend and fellow-novelist William Dean Howells, who, whilst visiting his son in Paris, was so impressed with the amenities of European culture that he wondered aloud if life hadn't passed him by."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The theme of liberation from a cramped, almost starved, emotional life into a more generous and gracious existence plays throughout The Ambassadors, yet it is noteworthy that James does not naïvely portray Paris as a faultless paradise for culturally stunted Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history",
"text": "In 1950, Robert E. Young, knowing neither the Methuen edition difference nor the details of James's work on the novel, argued that the NYE order was incorrect, based upon the chronology of the story's events."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "The inspiration is acknowledged in the novel with an explicit mention of James' The Ambassadors."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history",
"text": "Since 1992, few publishers of new editions of The Ambassadors have followed McGann's research and restored James's apparently preferred order, but, in characteristic postmodern way, it is now up to the reader to decide in which order these chapters should be read."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "Cynthia Ozick's novel, Foreign Bodies (2010), tells the story of The Ambassadors with a woman as the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Ambassadors 27th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
}
] |
A main theme of Henry James's 1903 novel The Ambassadors is perseverance in the face of adversity.
| 4 | 8 |
The Ambassadors
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dulce et Decorum est is a poem written by Wilfred Owen during World War I, and published posthumously in 1920."
}
] |
VnDmwkkhsrAbDfyC9Bhl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of Owen's most renowned works, the poem is known for its horrific imagery and condemnation of war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dulce et Decorum est is a poem written by Wilfred Owen during World War I, and published posthumously in 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The style of \"Dulce et Decorum est\" is similar to the French ballade poetic form."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "In 1913, the line Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori was inscribed on the wall of the chapel of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Owen wrote a number of his most famous poems at Craiglockhart, including several drafts of \"Dulce et Decorum est\", \"Soldier's Dream\", and \"Anthem for Doomed Youth\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The speaker of the poem describes the gruesome effects of the gas on the man and concludes that, if one were to see first-hand the reality of war, one might not repeat mendacious platitudes like dulce et decorum est pro patria mori: \" How sweet and honourable it is to die for one's country\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The title and the Latin exhortation of the final two lines are drawn from the phrase \"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori\" written by the Roman poet Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus): These words were well known and often quoted by supporters of the war near its inception and were, therefore, of particular relevance to soldiers of the era."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "This poem is considered by many as one of the best war poems ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These horrors are what inspired Owen to write the poem, and because he did, he was able to voice his own opinion on the atrocities of war, and what it was like to be in those very situations."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "The score vibrantly explores the horrors of war depicted in the poem by expressing darker colors and chaos in the music."
}
] |
Dulce Et Decorum Est was a book by George Felipe Constanza about the horrific imagery of war.
| 1 | 4 |
Dulce Et Decorum Est
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Other characters",
"text": "Clara Barley, a very poor girl living with her gout-ridden father."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Other characters",
"text": "She dislikes Pip at first because of his spendthrift ways."
}
] |
VnYyNLa5W21eYuX2QmxS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "In May 2015, Udon Entertainment's Manga Classics line published a manga adaptation of Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "The winner of the 2007 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Lloyd Jones's novel is set in a village on the Papua New Guinea island of Bougainville during a brutal civil war there in the 1990s, where the young protagonist's life is impacted in a major way by her reading of Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre | Historical novel",
"text": "Though Great Expectations is not obviously a historical novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Mister Pip (2006) is a novel by Lloyd Jones, a New Zealand author."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Dickens's novel has influenced a number of writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Carey's novel won the Commonwealth Writers Prize in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "The creative process | Publication in All the Year Round",
"text": "In late December, Dickens wrote to Mary Boyle that \"Great Expectations [is] a very great success and universally liked.\" Dickens gave six readings from 14 March to 18 April 1861, and in May, Dickens took a few days' holiday in Dover."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Sue Roe's Estella: Her Expectations (1982), for example explores the inner life of an Estella fascinated with a Havisham figure."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Miss Havisham is also central to Lost in a Good Book (2002), Jasper Fforde's alternate history, fantasy novel, which features a parody of Miss Havisham."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Miss Havisham is again important in Havisham: A Novel (2013), a book by Ronald Frame, that features an imagining of the life of Miss Catherine Havisham from childhood to adulthood."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Other characters",
"text": "Clara Barley, a very poor girl living with her gout-ridden father."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Other characters",
"text": "She dislikes Pip at first because of his spendthrift ways."
}
] |
In the novel Great Expectations, Clara doesn't like Pip when she meets him because of how miserly he was.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Expectations
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2016, the cancer spread to her bones and liver, and she died on 14 July 2017 at the age of 40 at Stanford Hospital in Stanford, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maryam Mirzakhani (Persian: مریم میرزاخانی, pronounced [mæɾˈjæm miːɾzɑːxɑːˈniː]; 12 May 1977 – 14 July 2017) was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University."
}
] |
Vnt2lQoEg77SDdL9IAM6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2016, Maryam Mirzakhani was made a member of the National Academy of Sciences, making her the first Iranian woman to be officially accepted as a member of the academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2016, the cancer spread to her bones and liver, and she died on 14 July 2017 at the age of 40 at Stanford Hospital in Stanford, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Mirzakhani was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thus, she became both the first, and to date, the only woman and the first Iranian to be honored with the award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On 14 July 2017, Mirzakhani died of breast cancer at the age of 40."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maryam Mirzakhani (Persian: مریم میرزاخانی, pronounced [mæɾˈjæm miːɾzɑːxɑːˈniː]; 12 May 1977 – 14 July 2017) was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "\"Upon her death, several Iranian newspapers, along with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, broke taboo and published photographs of Mirzakhani with her hair uncovered, a gesture that was widely noted in the press and on social media."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "On 2 February 2018, Satellogic, a high-resolution Earth observation imaging and analytics company, launched a ÑuSat type micro-satellite named in honor of Maryam Mirzakhani."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In November 4, 2019 The Breakthrough Prize Foundation announced that the Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prize has been created to be awarded to outstanding women in the field of mathematics each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Numerous obituaries and tributes were published in the days following Maryam Mirzakhani's death."
}
] |
Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian woman that passed away from cancer that spread through her body.
| 0 | 0 |
Maryam Mirzakhani
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division."
}
] |
VoMdw4dby5nHo3kEU930
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–2007: Core Four: Jeter, Posada, Pettitte, and Rivera",
"text": "The Yankees' streak of nine straight AL East division titles ended in 2007, but they still reached the playoffs with the AL Wild Card."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2017–present: Baby Bombers",
"text": "The Yankees ended the 2019 season with a record of 103–59, winning the AL East division title for the first time since 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1903–1912: Move to New York and the Highlanders years",
"text": "The team was named the New York Highlanders."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2016: Championship run, followed by losing streak",
"text": "The Yankees finished first in the AL East."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1913–1922: New owners, a new home, and a new name: Years at the Polo Grounds",
"text": "In 1913 the team became officially known as the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1903–1912: Move to New York and the Highlanders years",
"text": "New York Press Sports Editor Jim Price coined the unofficial nickname Yankees (or \"Yanks\") for the club as early as 1904, because it was easier to fit in headlines."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2016: Championship run, followed by losing streak",
"text": "The Yankees won the AL East title, finishing with 97 wins and took home field throughout the AL postseason."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2016: Championship run, followed by losing streak",
"text": "Despite that, the Yankees missed the playoffs, finishing 2nd in the AL East with an 84–78 record."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1901–1902: Origins in Baltimore",
"text": "At the conference, Johnson requested that an AL team be put in New York, to play alongside the NL's Giants."
}
] |
The New York Yankees are part of the AL East division.
| 0 | 0 |
New York Yankees
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Named after actress Shirley Temple (who was six years old at the time), Shirley MacLean Beaty was born on April 24, 1934, in Richmond, Virginia."
}
] |
Vp5I0PnFHO7lFVsxZl1K
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "My Mom, Shirley MacLaine. MacLaine has called the book \"virtually all"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shirley MacLaine (born Shirley MacLean Beaty; April 24, 1934) is an American film, television, and theater actress, singer, dancer, activist, and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "The latter of these was released as the acclaimed live album Shirley MacLaine Live at the Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Named after actress Shirley Temple (who was six years old at the time), Shirley MacLean Beaty was born on April 24, 1934, in Richmond, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "In 1976 MacLaine appeared in a series of concerts at the London Palladium and New York's Palace Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "The full story appeared on page 5 under the headline “Shirley Delivers A Punchy Line” with the byline Bernard Lefkowitz."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "MacLaine made her film debut in Alfred Hitchcock's The Trouble with Harry (1955), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "The summer before her senior year of high school, MacLaine went to New York City to try acting on Broadway, having minor success in the chorus of Oklahoma!"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On an episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show in April 2011, MacLaine stated that she and her neighbor observed numerous UFO incidents at her New Mexico ranch for extended periods of time."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Her well-known interest in New Age spirituality has also made its way into several of her films."
}
] |
Shirley MacLaine is a New Yorker by birth.
| 0 | 0 |
Shirley MacLaine
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[isˈtanbuɫ] (listen)), formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural and historic center."
}
] |
Vq8TSImpbv5SDSgQWWCB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives in suburbs on the Asian side of the Bosporus."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape",
"text": "Much of the Asian side of the Bosphorus functions as a suburb of the economic and commercial centers in European Istanbul, accounting for a third of the city's population but only a quarter of its employment."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The most densely populated areas tend to lie to the northwest, west, and southwest of the city center, on the European side; the most densely populated district on the Asian side is Üsküdar."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "64.9% of the residents live on the European side and 35.1% on the Asian side."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "For the purpose of parliamentary elections, Istanbul is divided into three electoral districts; two on the European side and one on the Asian side, electing 28, 35 and 35 MPs respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The Bosphorus, which connects the Sea of Marmara to the Black Sea, divides the city into a European, Thracian side—comprising the historic and economic centers—and an Asian, Anatolian side."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[isˈtanbuɫ] (listen)), formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural and historic center."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, ranking as the world's fifteenth-largest city and the largest city in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religious and ethnic groups",
"text": "The largest non-Sunni Muslim group, accounting 10–20% of Turkey's population, are the Alevis; a third of all Alevis in the country live in Istanbul."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "The Istanbul Metro comprises five lines (the M1, M2, M3 and M6 on the European side, and the M4 on the Asian side) with several other lines (such as the M5, M7, and M8) and extensions under construction."
}
] |
Istanbul is the most populous city in Turkey in which it's commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives in suburbs on the Asian side of the Bosporus.
| 0 | 0 |
Istanbul
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – \"hedgehog\" and δέρμα, derma – \"skin\") of marine animals."
}
] |
VqWENCFodCBuCzmMQszP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "This collagenous material can change its mechanical properties in a few seconds or minutes through nervous control rather than by muscular means."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "The varied and often vivid colours of echinoderms are produced by the action of skin pigment cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "The ossicles may be flat plates or bear external projections in the form of spines, granules or warts and they are supported by a tough epidermis (skin)."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "This is because they quickly disarticulate (disconnect from each other) once the encompassing skin rots away, and in the absence of tissue there is nothing to hold the plates together."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Locomotion",
"text": "Some species drag themselves along by means of their buccal tentacles while others can expand and contract their body or rhythmically flex it and \"swim\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Larval development",
"text": "The provision of a yolk-sac means that smaller numbers of eggs are produced, the larvae have a shorter development period, smaller dispersal potential but a greater chance of survival."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "Echinoderms have a mesodermal skeleton composed of calcareous plates or ossicles."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "Each one of these, even the articulating spine of a sea urchin, is composed mineralogically of a crystal of calcite."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "If solid, these would form a heavy skeleton, so they have a sponge-like porous structure known as stereom."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "Ossicles may be fused together, as in the test of sea urchins, or may articulate with each other as in the arms of sea stars, brittle stars and crinoids."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – \"hedgehog\" and δέρμα, derma – \"skin\") of marine animals."
}
] |
The word is Latin meaning smooth and skin.
| 0 | 0 |
Echinoderm
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Kuhn was born in Takoma Park, Maryland, the son of Alice Waring (Roberts) and Louis Charles Kuhn, a fuel company executive."
}
] |
VqWFdagV7EFsYh4j60w1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bowie Kent Kuhn (; October 28, 1926 – March 15, 2007) was an American lawyer and sports administrator who served as the fifth Commissioner of Major League Baseball from February 4, 1969 to September 30, 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "His father was a Bavarian (German) immigrant, and his mother had deep roots in Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Kuhn was born in Takoma Park, Maryland, the son of Alice Waring (Roberts) and Louis Charles Kuhn, a fuel company executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "Legatus later memorialized him for his dedication and service to the organization by establishing the \"Bowie Kuhn Award for Evangelization\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "Following baseball, Kuhn returned to the law firm of Willkie Farr & Gallagher and assumed presidency of the Kent Group, a business, sports and financial consulting firm."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "Bowie was a member of the Catholic Organization for President's and CEO's, Legatus and was influential in chartering the chapter of Legatus in Jacksonville, FL."
},
{
"section_header": "Actions as commissioner | Kuhn's war on drugs",
"text": "But the Hall of Fame was also damaged. ... The message that got through to the public, loosely translated, was that the Hall of Fame was a racist institution. ... Bowie Kuhn would have been a better friend to the Hall of Fame if he had led them to come to terms with their institutional racism in private, rather than leading them to expose it to the public.\" After being in office for over ten years, Kuhn had grown a strong reputation for being hard on players who abused drugs."
},
{
"section_header": "Actions as commissioner | Curt Flood | Flood v. Kuhn",
"text": "The case, Flood v. Kuhn (407 U.S. 258) eventually went to the Supreme Court."
},
{
"section_header": "Actions as commissioner | Curt Flood | Flood v. Kuhn",
"text": "Kuhn denied his request, citing the propriety of the reserve clause, which was language in contracts that essentially prevented a player from playing with another team even after his contract expired."
},
{
"section_header": "Actions as commissioner | Curt Flood | Flood v. Kuhn",
"text": "In response, Flood filed a lawsuit against Kuhn and Major League Baseball on January 16, 1970, alleging that Major League Baseball had violated federal antitrust laws."
}
] |
Bowie Kent Kuhn is a native of Maryland.
| 1 | 3 |
Bowie Kuhn
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Michelson–Morley experiment was an attempt to detect the existence of the luminiferous aether, a supposed medium permeating space that was thought to be the carrier of light waves."
}
] |
Vqed4SgiAQ8eTDzI5Jb2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "1881 and 1887 experiments | Michelson–Morley experiment (1887)",
"text": "The experiment was performed in several periods of concentrated observations between April and July 1887, in the basement of Adelbert Dormitory of WRU (later renamed Pierce Hall, demolished in 1962).As shown in Fig."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The experiment was performed between April and July 1887 by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley at what is now Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and published in November of the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Michelson–Morley experiment was an attempt to detect the existence of the luminiferous aether, a supposed medium permeating space that was thought to be the carrier of light waves."
},
{
"section_header": "1881 and 1887 experiments | Michelson–Morley experiment (1887)",
"text": "This result strengthened their hope of finding the aether wind."
},
{
"section_header": "1881 and 1887 experiments | Michelson–Morley experiment (1887)",
"text": "The expectation was that the effect would be graphable as a sine wave with two peaks and two troughs per rotation of the device."
},
{
"section_header": "Light path analysis and consequences | Special relativity",
"text": "Einstein wrote in 1916: Although the estimated difference between these two times is exceedingly small, Michelson and Morley performed an experiment involving interference in which this difference should have been clearly detectable."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent experiments",
"text": "Kennedy also carried out an experiment at Mount Wilson, finding only about 1/10 the drift measured by Miller and no seasonal effects."
},
{
"section_header": "1881 and 1887 experiments | Michelson–Morley experiment (1887)",
"text": "Michelson and Morley and other early experimentalists using interferometric techniques in an attempt to measure the properties of the luminiferous aether, used (partially) monochromatic light only for initially setting up their equipment, always switching to white light for the actual measurements."
},
{
"section_header": "1881 and 1887 experiments | Michelson experiment (1881)",
"text": "Michelson expected that the Earth's motion would produce a fringe shift equal to 0.04 fringes—that is, of the separation between areas of the same intensity."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent experiments",
"text": "Miller's findings were considered important at the time, and were discussed by Michelson, Lorentz and others at a meeting reported in 1928."
}
] |
The Michelson-Morley experiment was an attempt to find the carrier of micro waves and was performed between April and July in 1887.
| 0 | 0 |
Michelson-Morley experiment
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of May 2020, it is valued at $2.2 billion, deemed to be the world's second most valuable residential property, after British crown property Buckingham Palace, and the world's most valuable private residence."
}
] |
Vqz1AliuINGr3fRZbF8b
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cost and valuation",
"text": "Antilia is the world's most expensive private home, costing approximately US$2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of May 2020, it is valued at $2.2 billion, deemed to be the world's second most valuable residential property, after British crown property Buckingham Palace, and the world's most valuable private residence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its controversial design and ostentatious use by a single family has made it infamous in India and beyond, including severe criticism in the architectural press and mockery in popular media."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the residence of Indian billionaire Mukesh Ambani and his family, who moved into it in 2012; at 27-storeys, 173 metres (567.585 feet) tall, over 400,000 square feet (37,161 square meters), and with amenities such as three helipads, a 168-car garage, a ballroom, 80-seat theater, terrace gardens, spa, and a temple, the skyscraper-mansion is one of world's largest and most elaborate private homes."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2011 it was reported that Ambani had yet to move into the home, despite its completion, for fear of \"bad luck\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & Company Ltd. The home has 27 floors with extra-high ceilings. (Other buildings of equivalent height may have as many as 60 floors.) The home was also designed to survive an earthquake rated 8 on the Richter scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "It is considered by some to be the tallest single-family house in the world, but others disqualify the Antilia because it includes space for a staff of 600."
},
{
"section_header": "Public reception",
"text": "Tata Group former chairman Ratan Tata said Antilia is an example of rich Indians' lack of empathy for the poor."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Antilia started building in 2006 and was built in consultation with US architecture firms Perkins and Will & Hirsch Bedner Associates, with the Australian-based construction company Leighton Contractors initially taking charge of its construction."
}
] |
The Antilia is 1 of the world's most expensive residential homes and is in India.
| 1 | 2 |
Antilia (building)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Band members | Timeline",
"text": "Linkin Park was known as Xero from 1996–1999 and Hybrid Theory in 1999."
}
] |
VrvaO9L3JIZhOlNrIRV5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and influence",
"text": "The two songs making Linkin Park"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Linkin Park went on a hiatus when longtime lead vocalist Bennington died by suicide in July 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–2000: Early years",
"text": "The band changed their name to Linkin Park, a play on and homage to Santa Monica's Lincoln Park, now called Christine Emerson Reed Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2003, MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and influence",
"text": "In 2003, MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–2000: Early years",
"text": "They initially wanted to use the name \"Lincoln Park\", however they changed it to \"Linkin\" to acquire the internet domain \"linkinpark.com\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2011: A Thousand Suns",
"text": "Linkin Park also relied on MySpace to promote their album, releasing two additional songs, \"Waiting for the End\" and \"Blackout\" on September 8."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2015: The Hunting Party",
"text": "On November 9, 2014, MTV Europe named Linkin Park the \"Best Rock\" act of 2014 at their annual music awards ceremony."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Band members | Timeline",
"text": "Linkin Park was known as Xero from 1996–1999 and Hybrid Theory in 1999."
}
] |
The band, Linkin Park, went by two other names before Linkin Park.
| 0 | 0 |
Linkin Park
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Reversing dunes",
"text": "Occurring wherever winds periodically reverse direction, reversing dunes are varieties of any of the above shapes."
}
] |
Vs07jYrPmUZ7M10nvQzp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Barchan or crescentic",
"text": "These dunes form under winds that blow consistently from one direction (unimodal winds)."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Seif or longitudinal dunes",
"text": "Others suggest that seif dunes are formed by vortices in a unidirectional wind."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Coastal dunes",
"text": "The three key ingredients for coastal dune formation are a large sand supply, winds to move said sand supply, and a place for the sand supply to accumulate."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Coastal dune floral adaptations",
"text": "Dune ecosystems are extremely difficult places for plants to survive."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Coastal dunes",
"text": "Dunes form where the beach is wide enough to allow for the accumulation of wind-blown sand, and where prevailing onshore winds tend to blow sand inland."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Parabolic",
"text": "The dunes form at about ninety degrees to the prevailing wind which blows away the small, fine-grained sand leaving behind the coarser grained sand to form the crest."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Seif or longitudinal dunes",
"text": "In the sheltered troughs between highly developed seif dunes, barchans may be formed, because the wind is constrained to be unidirectional by the dunes."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Coastal dunes",
"text": "Another danger, in California and places in the UK specifically, is the introduction of invasive species."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Parabolic",
"text": "The elongated arms are held in place by vegetation; the largest arm known on Earth reaches 12 km."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Parabolic",
"text": "The dunes are small, have low relief, and can be found in many places across the planet from Wyoming (United States) to Saudi Arabia to Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Reversing dunes",
"text": "Occurring wherever winds periodically reverse direction, reversing dunes are varieties of any of the above shapes."
}
] |
Dunes only form in places with a single vector of wind.
| 0 | 0 |
Dune
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Joel's father, Howard (born Helmut) Joel, a classical pianist and businessman, was born in Nuremberg, Germany, to a Jewish family, the son of a merchant and manufacturer, Karl Amson Joel."
}
] |
VsDQUdkrVYIyv7fXn64B
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "The family reached the United States via Cuba, because immigration quotas for German Jews prevented direct immigration at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "On January 7, 2014, the Billy Joel in Concert tour began."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "He has also sponsored the Billy Joel Visiting Composer Series at Syracuse University."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Billy Joel has a half-brother, Alexander Joel, born to his father in Europe, who became a classical conductor there."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1988–1993: Storm Front and River of Dreams",
"text": "A radio remix version of \"All About Soul\" can be found on The Essential Billy Joel (2001), and a demo version appears on My Lives (2005)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "On July 18, 2018, Governor Andrew Cuomo proclaimed the date to be Billy Joel Day in New York state to mark his 100th performance at Madison Square Garden"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Billy Joel's parents met in the late-1930s at City College of New York at a Gilbert and Sullivan performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1977: Streetlife Serenade and Turnstiles",
"text": "'n' Roll all-star album. Disenchanted with Los Angeles, Joel returned to New York City in 1975 and recorded Turnstiles, the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "His mood was light, and joke-filled, even introducing himself as \"Billy Joel's dad\" and stating \"you guys overpaid to see a fat bald guy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1977–1979: The Stranger and 52nd Street",
"text": "All-Stars, Billy Swan, Bonnie Bramlett, Mike Finnegan, Weather Report, and an array of Cuban artists such as Irakere, Pacho Alonso, Tata Güines and Orquesta Aragón."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Joel's father, Howard (born Helmut) Joel, a classical pianist and businessman, was born in Nuremberg, Germany, to a Jewish family, the son of a merchant and manufacturer, Karl Amson Joel."
}
] |
Billy Joel is German descant.
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Joel
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "An outdoor observation deck, named At the Top, opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened."
}
] |
VsVXKvRCQd7X8mLuKkVS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Burj Khalifa is surrounded by an 11 ha (27-acre) park designed by landscape architects SWA Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "Although it was surpassed in December 2011 by Cloud Top 488 on the Canton Tower, Guangzhou at 488 m (1,601 ft), Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor SKY level at 555 m (1,821 ft), once again giving it the highest observation deck in the world on 15 October 2014, until the Shanghai Tower opened in June 2016 with an observation deck at a height of 561 metres."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "An outdoor observation deck, named At the Top, opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "On 8 February 2010, the observation deck was closed to the public for two months after power-supply problems caused an elevator to become stuck between floors, trapping a group of tourists for 45 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "The 124th floor observation deck also features the electronic telescope, an augmented reality device developed by Gsmprjct° of Montréal, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in real-time, and to view previously saved images such as those taken at different times of day or under different weather conditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Conception",
"text": "The decision to build Burj Khalifa was reportedly based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy to one that is service and tourism based."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design",
"text": "The double-deck elevators are equipped with entertainment features such as LCD displays to serve visitors during their travel to the observation deck."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Burj Khalifa was featured again ten years later on The Amazing Race 31 and hosted one of the two Detour tasks in Leg 5."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Benches and signs incorporate images of Burj Khalifa and the Hymenocallis flower."
}
] |
The Burj Khalifa has an observation deck and is the only one as of 2020.
| 0 | 0 |
Burj Khalifa
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played a key role in the Nazi Machtergreifung in January 1933 when, under pressure from advisers, he appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany."
}
] |
VsZjtL6Y9rTJtaGuDrZ5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "Hindenburg was equally outraged, and told Blomberg to give Hitler an ultimatum—unless Hitler took steps to end the growing tension in Germany and rein in the SA, Hindenburg would sack him, declare martial law and turn the government over to the army."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "To break the stalemate, Hindenburg proposed Hitler as chancellor, Papen as vice-chancellor and Reich commissioner of Prussia, and Göring as Prussian interior minister (who controlled the police)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "Hitler soon obtained Hindenburg's confidence, promising that after Germany regained full sovereignty, the monarchy would be restored; after a few weeks Hindenburg no longer asked Papen to join their meetings."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "Besides Hitler, Frick was the only Nazi with a portfolio; he held the nearly powerless Interior Ministry (unlike the rest of Europe, at the time the Interior Ministry had no power over the police, which was the responsibility of the Länder)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "They voted for the banner of Hindenburg... I know many socialists who have earned acclaim for their service to Germany; I need"
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "When Hindenburg met with Hitler, Papen would always be present."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "In the fall of 1933, a group of Hindenburg's friends led by General August von Cramon asked Hindenburg to restore the monarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "Hindenburg disliked Hitler, but he approved of his efforts to create the volksgemeinschaft."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "With the passage of the Enabling Act and the banning of all parties except the Nazis, Hindenburg's power to sack the Chancellor was the only means by which Hitler could be legally removed from office."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "During 1933 and 1934, Hitler was very aware that Hindenburg was the only check on his power."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played a key role in the Nazi Machtergreifung in January 1933 when, under pressure from advisers, he appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany."
}
] |
Paul von Hindenburg is responsible for Hitler becoming Chancellor of Germany.
| 1 | 3 |
Paul von Hindenburg
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "On 21 February 1911, with a temperature of 40 °C (104 °F), Mahler insisted on fulfilling an engagement at Carnegie Hall, with a program of mainly new Italian music, including the world premiere of Busoni's Berceuse élégiaque."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "They reached Paris ten days later, where Mahler entered a clinic at Neuilly, but there was no improvement; on 11 May he was taken by train to the Löw sanatorium in Vienna, where he developed pneumonia and entered a coma."
}
] |
VtbfQja9ISSUybfnhABt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "After weeks confined to bed he was diagnosed with bacterial endocarditis, a disease to which sufferers from defective heart valves were particularly prone and could be fatal."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "On 21 February 1911, with a temperature of 40 °C (104 °F), Mahler insisted on fulfilling an engagement at Carnegie Hall, with a program of mainly new Italian music, including the world premiere of Busoni's Berceuse élégiaque."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style",
"text": "The trite melody soon changes its character, and in due course re-emerges as one of the majestic Brucknerian chorales which Mahler uses to signify hope and the resolution of conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "The composer's daughter Anna Mahler became a well-known sculptor; she died in 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Budapest and Hamburg, 1888–97 | Royal Opera, Budapest",
"text": "Mahler was particularly distressed by the negative comments from his Vienna Conservatory contemporary, Viktor von Herzfeld, who had remarked that Mahler, like many conductors before him, had proved not to be a composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early conducting career 1880–88 | First appointments",
"text": "From June to August 1880, Mahler took his first professional conducting job, in a small wooden theatre in the spa town of Bad Hall, south of Linz."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Vienna, 1897–1907 | Marriage, family, tragedy",
"text": "Anna recovered, but after a fortnight's struggle Maria died on 12 July."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early conducting career 1880–88 | First appointments",
"text": "The title concealed the reality that Mahler was subordinate to the theatre's Kapellmeister, Wilhelm Treiber, who disliked him (and vice versa) and set out to make his life miserable."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Budapest and Hamburg, 1888–97 | Royal Opera, Budapest",
"text": ", Bernhard Mahler died; this was followed later in the year by the deaths both of Mahler's sister Leopoldine (27 September) and his mother (11 October)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "After receiving treatments of radium to reduce swelling on his legs and morphine for his general ailments, he died on 18 May."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "They reached Paris ten days later, where Mahler entered a clinic at Neuilly, but there was no improvement; on 11 May he was taken by train to the Löw sanatorium in Vienna, where he developed pneumonia and entered a coma."
}
] |
Mahler 's final outing was at Carnegie Hall before he died due to bacterial endocarditis complications.
| 2 | 3 |
Gustav Mahler
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Billy Leo Williams (born June 15, 1938) is a retired American baseball left fielder who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs and 2 seasons for the Oakland Athletics."
}
] |
VuP3jIai1BfbGvIykFxh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Entering professional baseball in 1956, Williams started his minor league career with the Ponca City Cubs of the Sooner State League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Billy Leo Williams (born June 15, 1938) is a retired American baseball left fielder who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs and 2 seasons for the Oakland Athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "\"Williams was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During the 1959 season, he advanced to the Class AAA Fort Worth Cats and even played 18 games for the Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Early in his career, this earned him the nickname \"Sweet-Swinging Billy Williams,\" sometimes shortened to \"Sweet Williams\" or \"Sweet Billy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Billy Williams was born in Whistler, Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "In 2011, Williams was appointed as a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame's 16-member Golden Era Committee (replacing the Veterans Committee), which considers ten Golden Era candidates every three years for the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "The ten candidates from the 1947 to 1972 era are first identified by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) appointed Historical Overview Committee (10-12 BBWAA members) every three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Williams was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "In 1961, he played in 146 games and was selected as the NL Rookie of the Year."
}
] |
Billy Williams played 18 years of professional baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Williams
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "In December 1988, Carey accompanied Starr to a CBS record executives' gala, where she handed her demo tape to the head of Columbia Records, Tommy Mottola."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "Another record label expressed interest in the singer, and a bidding war ensued."
}
] |
VvV1WtAbqLIgIXTJALpC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Aguilera said in the early stages of her career that Carey was a big influence in her singing career and one of her idols."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "When other big artists saw what I did with Mariah, they wanted that."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Next gloss on Mariah's big voice and big hair."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2004: Personal and professional struggles, Glitter and Charmbracelet",
"text": "I learned a big lesson from that.\" She signed a contract with Island Records, valued at more than $24 million, and launched the record label MonarC. Carey's father, Alfred Roy, with whom she had little contact since childhood, died of cancer that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "It earned a triple-Platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and earned Gold and Platinum certifications in several European markets."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1993–1996: Music Box, Merry Christmas, and Daydream",
"text": "Carey set records when all 150,000 tickets for her three shows at Japan's largest stadium, Tokyo Dome, sold out in under three hours, breaking the previous record held by The Rolling Stones."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Commercially, Carey is credited for popularizing and redefining the practice of remixing within the music industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "At 32, she is already a living legend—even if she never sings another note.\" Carey began dating Tommy Mottola while recording Music Box, and married him on June 5, 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "Additionally, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) lists Carey as the third-best-selling female artist, with shipments of over 63 million units in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2014: Merry Christmas II You and Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse",
"text": "Some of the people that Carey worked with on the album included: DJ Clue?, Randy Jackson, Q-Tip, R. Kelly, David Morales, Loris Holland, Stevie J, James Fauntleroy II, Ray Angry, Afanasieff, Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox, James \"Big Jim\" Wright, Hit-Boy, The-Dream, Da Brat, and Rodney Jerkins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "In December 1988, Carey accompanied Starr to a CBS record executives' gala, where she handed her demo tape to the head of Columbia Records, Tommy Mottola."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "Another record label expressed interest in the singer, and a bidding war ensued."
}
] |
Mariah Carey got her big break after she gave a recording of her singing to a music industry big shot.
| 5 | 4 |
Mariah Carey
|
NOCAT
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "Jimmu is recorded as Japan's first ruler in two early chronicles, Nihon Shoki (721) and Kojiki (712)."
}
] |
VwBOJrj5xaJiR9fkTltg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "Jimmu is recorded as Japan's first ruler in two early chronicles, Nihon Shoki (721) and Kojiki (712)."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "Prior to this time, these rulers had been known as Sumera no mikoto/Ōkimi."
},
{
"section_header": "Consorts and children",
"text": "Kotoshironushi's daughter Prince Hikoyai (日子八井命) Second son: Prince Kamuyaimimi (神八井耳命, d.577 BC) Third son: Prince Kamununakawamimi (神渟名川耳尊), later Emperor Suizei"
},
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "In the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the eighth-century scholar Ōmi no Mifune designated rulers before Ōjin as tennō (天皇, \"heavenly sovereign\"), a Japanese pendant to the Chinese imperial title Tiān-dì (天帝), and gave several of them including Jimmu their canonical names."
}
] |
Emperor Jimmu has been recorder as Japan's second ruler.
| 2 | 9 |
Emperor Jimmu
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "19,000 extras were needed over the course of the film."
}
] |
VwXXIn03yI71OO1ytSMG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The Chinese preferred The Last Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Last Emperor had an unusual run in theatres."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "I think there is a relationship between these scenes in The Last Emperor and in 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Emperor (Italian: L'ultimo imperatore; Chinese: 末代皇帝) is a 1987 epic biographical drama film, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China,"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After telling him that the previous emperor had died earlier that day, with her last words, Cixi tells Puyi that he will be the next emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "19,000 extras were needed over the course of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Hemdale, in turn, licensed theatrical rights to Columbia Pictures, who were initially reluctant to release it, and only after shooting was completed did the head of Columbia agree to distribute The Last Emperor in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical omissions",
"text": "In Japan, the Shochiku Fuji Company edited out a thirty-second sequence from The Last Emperor depicting the Rape of Nanjing before distributing it to Japanese theatres, without Bertolucci's consent."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Were it not for this late push, The Last Emperor would have joined The English Patient, Amadeus, and The Hurt Locker as the only Best Picture winners to not enter the weekend box office top 5 since these numbers were first recorded in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "It probably is unforgivably bourgeois to admire a film because of its locations, but in the case of \"The Last Emperor\" the narrative cannot be separated from the awesome presence of the Forbidden City, and from Bertolucci's astonishing use of locations, authentic costumes and thousands of extras to create the everyday reality of this strange little boy.\" Jonathan Rosenbaum, comparing The Last Emperor favourably to Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun, claimed that \"[a]t best, apart from a few snapshots, Empire of the Sun teaches us something about the inside of one director's brain."
}
] |
Over 18k walk-ons were hired for The Last Emperor movie.
| 1 | 4 |
The Last Emperor
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The word mausoleum has now come to be used generically for an above-ground tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a native Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria."
}
] |
VwvG71NMe7lvb6czf7BZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "It is likely that Mausolus started to plan the tomb before his death, as part of the building works in Halicarnassus, so that when he died, Artemisia continued the building project."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "In 353 BC, Mausolus died, leaving Artemisia to rule alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "The tomb became so famous that Mausolus's name is now the eponym for all stately tombs, in the word mausoleum."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "When he died the project was continued by his siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Therefore, it is believed that construction was begun by Mausolus before his death or continued by the next leaders."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "The Mausoleum overlooked the city of Halicarnassus for many years."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "Before grinding and burning much of the remaining sculpture of the Mausoleum into lime for plaster, the Knights removed several of the best works and mounted them in the Bodrum castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest",
"text": "In 377 BC, the nominal ruler of the region, Hecatomnus of Milas, died and left the control of the kingdom to his son, Mausolus."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "He chose the city of Halicarnassus."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "The beauty of the Mausoleum was not only in the structure itself, but in the decorations and statues that adorned the outside at different levels on the podium and the roof: statues of people, lions, horses, and other animals in varying scales."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The word mausoleum has now come to be used generically for an above-ground tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a native Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria."
}
] |
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus is a mausoleum for Mausolus, and his name is the the source of the term itself, since everyone else was just fine saying 'tomb' before this big-headed guy off and died.
| 2 | 2 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Paris and the Lost Generation",
"text": "The first book of The Sun Also Rises is set in mid-1920s Paris."
}
] |
Vx5uc5G4iNIcrGoYqTMq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "In the 1990s, British editions were titled Fiesta: The Sun Also Rises."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style",
"text": "Also Rises than in any of his other works, by editing extraneous material or purposely leaving gaps in the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Also Rises. In May 2016 a new \"Hemingway Library Edition was published by Simon & Schuster, including early drafts, passages that were deleted from the final draft, and alternative titles for the book, which help to explain the author's journey to produce the final version of this acclaimed work."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and adaptations",
"text": "\"The success of The Sun Also Rises guaranteed interest from Broadway and Hollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A year later, Jonathan Cape published the novel in London under the title Fiesta."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Paris and the Lost Generation",
"text": "The first book of The Sun Also Rises is set in mid-1920s Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and adaptations",
"text": "Aldridge writes that The Sun Also Rises has kept its appeal because the novel is about being young."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | The corrida, the fiesta, and nature",
"text": "It's just like having a ringside seat at the war with nothing going to happen to you."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "By 1983, The Sun Also Rises had been in print continuously since its publication in 1926, and was likely one of the most translated titles in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | The corrida, the fiesta, and nature",
"text": "In The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway contrasts Paris with Pamplona, and the frenzy of the fiesta with the tranquillity of the Spanish countryside."
}
] |
The sun Also Rises early edition happens in London.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sun Also Rises
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The addition of Buckingham and Nicks gave the band a more pop rock sound, and their 1975 self-titled album, Fleetwood Mac, reached No. 1 in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "Along with the change of style the band was also going through label changes."
}
] |
Vx8GYctJSNJbUC9a4Chw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "He realised that the original Fleetwood Mac was being neglected by Warner Bros and that they would need to change their base of operation from England to America, to which the rest of the band agreed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "Along with the change of style the band was also going through label changes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "This did not end the legal battle but the band was able to record as Fleetwood Mac again."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "Instead of hiring another manager, Fleetwood Mac, having re-formed, became the only major rock band managed by the artists themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1974: Transitional era",
"text": "In the three albums they released in this period they constantly changed line-ups."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "Jeremy Spencer, meanwhile, had recorded a solo album of 1950s-style rock and roll songs, backed by the rest of the band except Green."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "Rock promoter Bill Graham wrote a letter to Warner Bros to convince them that the real Fleetwood Mac was, in fact, Fleetwood, Welch, and the McVies."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Return of McVie and departure of Buckingham",
"text": "\"Nicks explained her reluctance to record another album with Fleetwood Mac. \" Is it possible that Fleetwood Mac might do another record?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The addition of Buckingham and Nicks gave the band a more pop rock sound, and their 1975 self-titled album, Fleetwood Mac, reached No. 1 in the United States."
}
] |
Fleetwood Mac is a British-American rock band, producing record albums among dramatic changes.
| 0 | 0 |
Fleetwood Mac
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1923–1935: Sluggers and the Stadium: Ruth, Gehrig, and Murderer's Row",
"text": "Most new players who later contributed to the team's success came from the Red Sox, whose owner, Harry Frazee, was trading them for large sums of money to finance his theatrical productions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1923–1935: Sluggers and the Stadium: Ruth, Gehrig, and Murderer's Row",
"text": "Pitcher-turned-outfielder Babe Ruth was the most talented of all the acquisitions from Boston, and the outcome of that trade would haunt the Red Sox for the next 86 years, a span in which the team did not win a single World Series championship."
}
] |
VxmDOlRDbYpRA722grsg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1913–1922: New owners, a new home, and a new name: Years at the Polo Grounds",
"text": "In 1913 the team became officially known as the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1913–1922: New owners, a new home, and a new name: Years at the Polo Grounds",
"text": "By the middle of the decade, Yankees owners"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1901–1902: Origins in Baltimore",
"text": "Johnson declared official major league status for his league in 1901.Plans to add a team in New York City were blocked by the NL's New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1903–1912: Move to New York and the Highlanders years",
"text": "The team was named the New York Highlanders."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1960–1964: Mantle and Maris",
"text": "This restored New York as a city with more than one team, as it had been from the late 1800s until 1957."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "The 1978 division race is memorable for the Red Sox having held a 14-game lead over the Yankees more than halfway through the season."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1923–1935: Sluggers and the Stadium: Ruth, Gehrig, and Murderer's Row",
"text": "Most new players who later contributed to the team's success came from the Red Sox, whose owner, Harry Frazee, was trading them for large sums of money to finance his theatrical productions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1965–1972: New ownership and a steep decline",
"text": "The Yankees were not able to replace their aging superstars with promising young talent, as they had consistently done in the previous five decades."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1960–1964: Mantle and Maris",
"text": "Arnold Johnson, owner of the Kansas City Athletics, was a longtime business associate of then-Yankees co-owners Del Webb and Dan Topping."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1923–1935: Sluggers and the Stadium: Ruth, Gehrig, and Murderer's Row",
"text": "Pitcher-turned-outfielder Babe Ruth was the most talented of all the acquisitions from Boston, and the outcome of that trade would haunt the Red Sox for the next 86 years, a span in which the team did not win a single World Series championship."
}
] |
The New York Yankees managed to add to their roster superstar Ruth because the Red Sox's owner liked show business more than he liked baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
New York Yankees
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release",
"text": "The Graduate was released on DVD by Embassy Home Entertainment on January 21, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release",
"text": "The film was released on Blu-ray by Embassy Home Entertainment on January 25, 2011."
}
] |
Vy0Djfnu3ow29LRrSmOG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Graduate is a 1967 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols and written by Buck Henry and Calder Willingham, based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Charles Webb, who wrote it shortly after graduating from Williams College."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "A.D. Murphy of Variety and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film, with Murphy describing it as a \"delightful satirical comedy-drama\" and Ebert claiming it was the \"funniest American comedy of the year\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The wedding scene was highly influenced by the ending of the 1924 comedy film Girl Shy starring Harold Lloyd, who also served as an advisor for the scene in The Graduate."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "We did more things in this picture than I ever did in one film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "By the time they had nearly finished editing the film, Simon had only written one new song."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "In the role of Mr. Robinson, Gene Hackman was originally cast, but just before filming began, the director decided he was too young and decided to replace him."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible sequel",
"text": "When he sold film rights to The Graduate, he surrendered the rights to any sequels."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Before the police can arrest him, Benjamin flees the Robinson home and drives back to Berkeley."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "\" Before Hoffman was cast, Robert Redford and Warren Beatty were among the top choices."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "With financing assured, Nichols suggested Buck Henry for screenwriter, although Henry's experience had also been mostly in improvised comedy, and had no writing background."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release",
"text": "The Graduate was released on DVD by Embassy Home Entertainment on January 21, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release",
"text": "The film was released on Blu-ray by Embassy Home Entertainment on January 25, 2011."
}
] |
The Graduate is a romantic comedy drama film that was available on Digital Versatile Disc before Blue-Ray.
| 0 | 0 |
The Graduate
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | Results",
"text": "In his efforts to renew the Roman Empire, Justinian dangerously stretched its resources while failing to take into account the changed realities of 6th-century Europe."
}
] |
VyIXBxOj6JIdFUjlOItx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because of his restoration activities, Justinian has sometimes been known as the \"Last Roman\" in mid-20th century historiography."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Religious activities | Religious relations with Rome",
"text": "From the middle of the 5th century onward, increasingly arduous tasks confronted the emperors of the East in ecclesiastical matters."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Architecture, learning, art and literature",
"text": "Another prominent church in the capital, the Church of the Holy Apostles, which had been in a very poor state near the end of the 5th century, was likewise rebuilt."
},
{
"section_header": "Natural disasters",
"text": "Seven years later in 542, a devastating outbreak of Bubonic Plague, known as the Plague of Justinian and second only to Black Death of the 14th century, killed tens of millions."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities",
"text": "One of the most spectacular features of Justinian's reign was the recovery of large stretches of land around the Western Mediterranean basin that had slipped out of Imperial control in the 5th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural depictions",
"text": "Dante also uses Justinian to criticize the factious politics of his 14th Century Italy, in contrast to the unified Italy of the Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War with the Sassanid Empire, 540–562",
"text": "The reasons for his withdrawal are not known, but it may have been instigated by rumours of his disloyalty reaching the court."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | Results",
"text": "In his efforts to renew the Roman Empire, Justinian dangerously stretched its resources while failing to take into account the changed realities of 6th-century Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Economy and administration",
"text": "Despite all these measures, the Empire suffered several major setbacks in the course of the 6th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War with the Sassanid Empire, 527–532",
"text": "From his uncle, Justinian inherited ongoing hostilities with the Sassanid Empire."
}
] |
Justinian is known for reuniting the empire in the 5th century.
| 0 | 2 |
Justinian I
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Aeneid ( ih-NEE-id; Latin: Aeneis [ae̯ˈneːɪs]) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans."
}
] |
VyMrk3N7UdjcIxt6db24
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Story | Journey to Italy (books 1–6) | Book 2: Trojan Horse and sack of Troy",
"text": "The Trojans then took the horse inside the fortified walls, and after nightfall the armed Greeks emerged from it, opening the city's gates to allow the returned Greek army to slaughter the Trojans."
},
{
"section_header": "Story | War in Italy (books 7–12) | Book 8: Visit to Pallanteum, site of future Rome",
"text": "At the place where Rome will be, he meets a friendly Greek, King Evander of Arcadia."
},
{
"section_header": "Story | Journey to Italy (books 1–6) | Book 2: Trojan Horse and sack of Troy",
"text": "At first he tried to fight the enemy, but soon he lost his comrades and was left alone to fend off the Greeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Story | Journey to Italy (books 1–6) | Book 3: Wanderings",
"text": "There they meet a Greek, Achaemenides, one of Ulysses' men, who has been left behind when his comrades escaped the cave of Polyphemus."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Violence and conflict",
"text": "Aeneas describes to Dido in Book 2 the massive amount of destruction that occurs after the Greeks sneak into Troy."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "It was widely held to be the pinnacle of Latin literature, much in the same way that the Iliad was seen to be supreme in Greek literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Story | Journey to Italy (books 1–6) | Book 2: Trojan Horse and sack of Troy",
"text": "Cunning Ulysses devised a way for Greek warriors to gain entry into the walled city of Troy by hiding in a large wooden horse."
},
{
"section_header": "Story | Journey to Italy (books 1–6) | Book 2: Trojan Horse and sack of Troy",
"text": "The Greeks pretended to sail away, leaving a warrior, Sinon, to mislead the Trojans into believing that the horse was an offering and that if it were taken into the city, the Trojans would be able to conquer Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Story | Journey to Italy (books 1–6) | Book 2: Trojan Horse and sack of Troy",
"text": "The Trojan priest Laocoön saw through the Greek plot and urged the horse's destruction, but his protests fell on deaf ears, so he hurled his spear at the horse."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Aeneid appears to have been a great success."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Aeneid ( ih-NEE-id; Latin: Aeneis [ae̯ˈneːɪs]) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans."
}
] |
Aeneid is a Greek tragedy.
| 0 | 5 |
Aeneid
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Rewards",
"text": "I am pleased with you). The Emperor provided two million golden francs to the higher officers and 200 francs to each soldier, with large pensions for the widows of the fallen."
}
] |
VyOXqzVyE5TEx6N6D2fh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rewards",
"text": "Orphaned children were adopted by Napoleon personally and were allowed to add \"Napoleon\" to their baptismal and family names."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | \"One sharp blow and the war is over\"",
"text": "The Russians broke and many died as they were pursued by the reinvigorated French cavalry for about a quarter of a mile."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle",
"text": "The Allies had about 85,000 soldiers, seventy percent of them Russian, and 318 guns."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | French plans and dispositions",
"text": "Davout's soldiers had 48 hours to march 110 km (68 mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Rewards",
"text": "Je suis content de vous (English: Soldiers!"
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "The song takes the perspective of a soldier, who \"lost an eye at Austerlitz\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Endgame",
"text": "I was... under fierce and continuous canister fire... Many soldiers, now incessantly engaged in battle from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m., had no cartridges left."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | \"One sharp blow and the war is over\"",
"text": "Russian soldiers and commanders on top of the heights were stunned to see so many French troops coming towards them"
},
{
"section_header": "Rewards",
"text": "I am pleased with you). The Emperor provided two million golden francs to the higher officers and 200 francs to each soldier, with large pensions for the widows of the fallen."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle",
"text": "At first, Napoleon was not totally confident of victory."
}
] |
Napoleon monetarily compensated the family of soldiers who died in the battle.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Austerlitz
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had several nicknames, including \"Schnozz\", \"Lumbago\", \"Bocci\", \"The Cyrano of the Iron Mask\" and \"Lom\"."
}
] |
VyrC6CVzR8WRIlya5sWV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Cincinnati Chapter of the BBWAA annually award the Ernie Lombardi Award to the Reds' team MVP."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Major league",
"text": "Despite this, he became an outstanding catcher on the basis of his strong, accurate arm and his ability to \"call\" a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baseball writer Bill James called Lombardi \"the slowest man to ever play major league baseball well."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Lombardi's Big Snooze\"",
"text": "Bill James, in his Historical Baseball Abstract, says that \"Lombardi was now the Bill Buckner of the 1930s, even more innocent than Buckner, and Buckner has plenty of people who should be holding up their hands to share his disgrace.\" James called Lombardi's selection as the Series goat \"absurd.\" James noted the Yankees were already ahead three games to none and that DiMaggio's run merely made the final score 7–4 instead of 6–4."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had several nicknames, including \"Schnozz\", \"Lumbago\", \"Bocci\", \"The Cyrano of the Iron Mask\" and \"Lom\"."
}
] |
Ernie was called "Schnapps" because of his personality traits.
| 0 | 0 |
Ernie Lombardi
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father who signed the United States Declaration of Independence."
}
] |
Vz2FNRchEDDNcxi97SmJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "Harrison was seven years old when his grandfather was elected U.S. president, but he did not attend the inauguration."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "It had been used as a dormitory for a music school from 1937 to 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "His speech was brief—half as long as that of his grandfather, William Henry Harrison, whose speech remains the longest inaugural address of a U.S. president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father who signed the United States Declaration of Independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "He joined the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, which he used as a network for much of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Foreign policy | Crises in Aleutian Islands and Chile",
"text": "Theodore Roosevelt later applauded Harrison for his use of the \"big stick\" in the matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "Senator Shelby Cullom's comment symbolizes Harrison's steadfast aversion to use federal positions for patronage: \"I suppose Harrison treated me as well as he did any other Senator; but whenever he did anything for me, it was done so ungraciously that the concession tended to anger rather than please.\" Harrison's selections shared particular alliances, such as their service in the Civil War, Indiana citizenship and membership in the Presbyterian Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Antitrust laws and the currency",
"text": "The Sherman Act was the first Federal act of its kind, and marked a new use of federal government power."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Civil rights",
"text": "He also endorsed a proposed constitutional amendment to overturn the Supreme Court ruling in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) that declared much of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "Harrison was a grandson of U.S. President William Henry Harrison and a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a Virginia planter who signed the Declaration of Independence and succeeded Thomas Nelson, Jr. as governor of Virginia."
}
] |
Harrison's grandfather singed the US declaration.
| 0 | 5 |
Benjamin Harrison
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park film series and the first installment of the planned Jurassic World trilogy, while also serving as a direct sequel to the franchise's first film, Jurassic Park (1993)."
}
] |
Vz9E5KgGt7oBkR00hv3Q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other media | Animated series",
"text": "In June 2019, Netflix announced a 3D-animated TV series titled Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park film series and the first installment of the planned Jurassic World trilogy, while also serving as a direct sequel to the franchise's first film, Jurassic Park (1993)."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and analysis",
"text": "And in the world of the movie, the animal is designed based on a series of corporate focus groups.\" He also stated, \"There's something in the film about our greed and our desire for profit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, an animated series set concurrently with the events of Jurassic World, is scheduled for a 2020 release on Netflix."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "In 25 countries, Jurassic World became the highest-grossing film in the Jurassic Park film series."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "The film is set 22 years after the events of Jurassic Park, and is considered a direct sequel to that film; although The Lost World: Jurassic Park and Jurassic Park III remain canon in the series, Jurassic World ignores their events as they occurred on a different island location."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "UK film website Movie Metropolis called Jurassic World a tasteful homage to the original but said it lacks some of that film's soul and rated it four stars out of five."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Initially, Jurassic Park III director Joe Johnston was not interested in directing the fourth film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Worldwide, Jurassic World was released across 809 IMAX theaters—364 of which were in North America—making it the third-largest worldwide release for any movie in IMAX's history and the largest day-and-date IMAX release ever."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Scientific accuracy",
"text": "In response to these criticisms, Trevorrow said that Jurassic World was not meant as a documentary film: \"It is very inaccurate — it's a sci-fi movie.\" The filmmakers had planned to depict feathered dinosaurs early in the film's development."
}
] |
Jurassic World is the fourth in a series of movies.
| 0 | 0 |
Jurassic World
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing The Brothers Karamazov, which was published as a serial in The Russian Messenger from January 1879 to November 1880."
}
] |
VzKDH9Z0hRYTcg1eFSiQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Brothers Karamazov (Russian: Бра́тья Карама́зовы, Brat'ya Karamazovy, pronounced [ˈbratʲjə kərɐˈmazəvɨ]), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing The Brothers Karamazov, which was published as a serial in The Russian Messenger from January 1879 to November 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In an essay on The Brothers Karamazov, written after the Russian Revolution and the First World War, Nobel Prize-winning author Hermann Hesse described Dostoevsky as not a \"poet\" but a \"prophet\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Thirteen: The Brothers Karamazov",
"text": "The final section opens with discussion of a plan developed for Dmitri's escape from his sentence of twenty years of hard labor in Siberia."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "There he found inspiration for several aspects of The Brothers Karamazov, though at the time he intended to write a novel about childhood instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov",
"text": "The relationship between Fyodor and his adult sons drives much of the plot in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The writing of The Brothers Karamazov was altered by a personal tragedy: in May 1878, Dostoevsky's 3-year-old son Alyosha died of epilepsy, a condition inherited from his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov",
"text": "The narrator identifies him as the hero of the novel in the opening chapter, as does the author in the preface."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov",
"text": "Fyodor Pavlovich, a 55-year-old \"sponger\" and buffoon, is the father of three sons—Dmitri, Ivan and Alexei—from two marriages."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Eleven: Brother Ivan Fyodorovich",
"text": "In the final meeting Smerdyakov confesses that he had faked the fit, murdered Fyodor Pavlovich, and stolen the money, which he presents to Ivan."
}
] |
The Brothers Karamazov was the final novel by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky that took five years to write.
| 0 | 0 |
The Brothers Karamazov
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Santop was born in Tyler, Texas."
}
] |
VzRzyazMwB7C1nYLELyO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Both Tyler, Texas natives, Santop yelled to Tesreau, \"You wouldn't throw at a hometown boy, would you?\" The gentle giant could, however, become perturbed if provoked."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Santop was born in Tyler, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis Santop Loftin (January 17, 1890 – January 22, 1942) was an American baseball catcher in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "While fairly accurate, almost none of Santop's seasons were fully documented, with the exception of 1924, while he was playing for Hilldale and batted .389."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Hilldale won pennants from 1923 to 1925, but an error in the 1924 Colored World Series basically ended Santop's career."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age 19 he played for teams in Fort Worth, Texas and Guthrie, Oklahoma before joining the Philadelphia Giants."
}
] |
Louis Santop's hometown is a city in Texas.
| 0 | 0 |
Louis Santop
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "He now keeps her painting hidden behind a curtain that only he is allowed to draw back, meaning that now she only smiles for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "\" This could be interpreted as either the Duke had given commands to the Duchess to stop smiling or commands for her to be killed."
}
] |
VzVzqRIU9uNRx4SW3vdT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Madruz is presumably the listener in the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The speaker (presumably the Duke of Ferrara) is giving the emissary of the family of his prospective new wife (presumably a third or fourth since Browning could have easily written 'second' but did not do so) a tour of the artworks in his home."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"My Last Duchess\" is a poem by Robert Browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "\" This could be interpreted as either the Duke had given commands to the Duchess to stop smiling or commands for her to be killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern adaptations",
"text": "In \"The Painter\", a song by Chris de Burgh, the lyrics also take the Duke's point of view, but show a less stable mindset than the original poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern adaptations",
"text": "The short story \" My Last Girlfriend\" by Robert Barnard is a take-off on \"My Last Duchess\" with a new twist."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In 'My Last Duchess' the Duke of Ferrara is addressing the envoy of the Count of Tyrol."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Eventually, \"I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern adaptations",
"text": "Science fiction author Eric Flint uses portions of \"My Last Duchess\" in his book 1634: The Galileo Affair (2004)."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern adaptations",
"text": "Canadian author Margaret Atwood's short story \"My Last Duchess\" appears in her short story anthology Moral Disorder (2006)."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "He now keeps her painting hidden behind a curtain that only he is allowed to draw back, meaning that now she only smiles for him."
}
] |
My Last Duchess is a poem about a husband who didn't want his wife to show any form of attention to anyone by him so he presumably had her executed because she smiled too much.
| 1 | 4 |
My Last Duchess
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One Night of Love is a 1934 American Columbia Pictures romantic musical film set in the opera world, starring Grace Moore and Tullio Carminati."
}
] |
Vzq6plXl8GLxWn2PFx36
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Featured music",
"text": "The lyrics began \"One Night Of Love, When two hearts are one\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Featured music",
"text": "Grace Moore's title song \"One Night of Love\" was composed by Victor Schertzinger himself, with lyrics by Gus Kahn."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "One Night of Love was selected as one of the ten best pictures of 1934 by Film Daily's poll of critics, and it was a \"box office champion\" during 1934.While the film did not do well in rural areas and small towns, One Night of Love was the first Columbia film to gain important bookings in the powerful Loews chain of theaters, which was a milestone in Columbia's progress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One Night of Love is a 1934 American Columbia Pictures romantic musical film set in the opera world, starring Grace Moore and Tullio Carminati."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the relatively new use of sound recordings for film, One Night of Love was noted at the time for its innovative use of vertical cut recording, for which Columbia Pictures received an Academy Scientific and Technical Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2006: AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "WinsBest Music (Scoring): Columbia Studio Music Department, Louis Silvers, head of department (Thematic Music by Victor Schertzinger and Gus Kahn) Best Sound Recording: Columbia Studio Sound Department, John Livadary, Sound Director Scientific or Technical Award (Class III): To Columbia Pictures Corporation for their application of the Vertical Cut Disc Method (hill and dale recording) to actual studio production, with their recording of the sound on the picture One Night of Love."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The two meet one of Giulio's old pupils, Lally (Mona Barrie), while in Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In a jealous huff, Mary decides not to sing that night in order to punish Giulio."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was directed by Victor Schertzinger and adapted from the story Don't Fall in Love, by Charles Beahan and Dorothy Speare."
}
] |
One Night of Love is a movie from the 1930's.
| 1 | 5 |
One Night of Love
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded as a Roman city, in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-history",
"text": "The origin of the earliest settlement at the site of present-day Barcelona is unclear."
}
] |
W0KlU2QpkLypCzoeViqe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Main sights",
"text": "Many of the buildings date from medieval times, some from as far back as the Roman settlement of Barcelona."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-history",
"text": "The ruins of an early settlement have been found, including different tombs and dwellings dating to earlier than 5000 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Some older sources suggest that the city may have been named after the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca, who was supposed to have founded the city in the 3rd century BC, but there is no evidence that Barcelona was ever a Carthaginian settlement, or that its name in antiquity, Barcino, had any connection with the Barcid family of Hamilcar."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Internationally, Barcelona's name is wrongly abbreviated to 'Barça'."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Parks",
"text": "Of Barcelona's parks, Montjuïc is the largest, with 203 ha located on the mountain of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "During the Middle Ages, the city was variously known as Barchinona, Barçalona, Barchelonaa, and Barchenona."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "This was the first time that more than half of respondents did not identify themselves as Catholic Christians."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights",
"text": "Barcelona won the 1999 RIBA Royal Gold Medal for its architecture, the first (and as of 2015, only) time that the winner has been a city rather than an individual architect."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-history",
"text": "The first attributes the founding of the city to the mythological Hercules."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Late twentieth century",
"text": "The after-effects of this are credited with driving major changes in what had, up until then, been a largely industrial city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded as a Roman city, in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-history",
"text": "The origin of the earliest settlement at the site of present-day Barcelona is unclear."
}
] |
Barcelona's first settlement date is not known and the name of the city has changed several times over the course of history.
| 4 | 4 |
Barcelona
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "There are over 22,000 living annelid species, ranging in size from microscopic to the Australian giant Gippsland earthworm and Amynthas mekongianus (Cognetti, 1922), which can both grow up to 3 meters (9.8 ft) long."
}
] |
W1H9F8KLmHRmrPoPryjr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ragworms' jaws are now being studied by engineers as they offer an exceptional combination of lightness and strength."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "Sipuncula was originally classified as annelids, despite the complete lack of segmentation, bristles and other annelid characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Coelom, locomotion and circulatory system",
"text": "However, leeches and their closest relatives have a body structure that is very uniform within the group but significantly different from that of other annelids, including other members of the Clitellata."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "The Echiura have a checkered taxonomic history: in the 19th century they were assigned to the phylum \"Gephyrea\", which is now empty as its members have been assigned to other phyla; the Echiura were next regarded as annelids until the 1940s, when they were classified as a phylum in their own right; but a molecular phylogenetics analysis in 1997 concluded that echiurans are annelids."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "It has also been shown that a rudimentary neural segmentation similar to that of annelids occurs in the early larval stage, even if these traits are absent in the adults."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "The Archiannelida, minute annelids that live in the spaces between grains of marine sediment, were treated as a separate class because of their simple body structure, but are now regarded as polychaetes."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "Although research since 1997 has radically changed scientists' views about the evolutionary family tree of the annelids, most textbooks use the traditional classification into the following sub-groups: Polychaetes (about 12,000 species)."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "Some other groups of animals have been classified in various ways, but are now widely regarded as annelids: Pogonophora / Siboglinidae were first discovered in 1914, and their lack of a recognizable gut made it difficult to classify them."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "There are over 22,000 living annelid species, ranging in size from microscopic to the Australian giant Gippsland earthworm and Amynthas mekongianus (Cognetti, 1922), which can both grow up to 3 meters (9.8 ft) long."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Nervous system and senses",
"text": "In some very mobile and active polychaetes the brain is enlarged and more complex, with visible hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain sections."
}
] |
Annelids can be very diverse in proportions.
| 1 | 2 |
Annelida
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gustav Mahler (German: [ˈmaːlɐ]; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation."
}
] |
W1PhKRp9Il3wbBBZ3vDR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "The composer's daughter Anna Mahler became a well-known sculptor; she died in 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Reception | Relative neglect, 1911–50",
"text": "Bernard Shaw, in his role as music critic, thought that the musical audiences of the 1930s would find Mahler (and Bruckner) \"expensively second-rate.\"Before"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life | Student days",
"text": "It is not known whether he saw any of Wagner's operas during his student years."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life | Student days",
"text": "Mahler may have gained his first conducting experience with the Conservatory's student orchestra, in rehearsals and performances, although it appears that his main role in this orchestra was as a percussionist."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Budapest and Hamburg, 1888–97 | Stadttheater Hamburg",
"text": "Mahler's Hamburg post was as chief conductor, subordinate to the director, Bernhard Pohl (known as Pollini) who retained overall artistic control."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Vienna, 1897–1907 | Marriage, family, tragedy",
"text": "\" The role of composer, the worker's role, falls to me, yours is that of a loving companion and understanding partner … I'm asking a very great deal – and I can and may do so because I know what I have to give and will give in exchange.\" She wrote in her diary: \"How hard it is to be so mercilessly deprived of ... things closest to one's heart.\" Mahler's requirement that their married life be organized around his creative activities imposed strains, and precipitated rebellion on Alma's part; the marriage was nevertheless marked at times by expressions of considerable passion, particularly from Mahler."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Reception | Relative neglect, 1911–50",
"text": "In Austria, Mahler's work experienced a brief renaissance between 1934 and 1938, a period known today as 'Austrofascism', when the authoritarian regime with the help of Alma Mahler and Bruno Walter, who were both on friendly terms with the new chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg, sought to make Mahler into a national icon (with a status comparable to that of Wagner in Germany)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "In 1940 she published a memoir of her years with Mahler, entitled Gustav Mahler: Memories and Letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Memorials and museums",
"text": "There, Mahler and his wife Alma resided from 1907 to 1910.In Jihlava, in the restored house where Mahler grew up, there is a Gustav Mahler museum dedicated to his youth and the town during his life there."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "The International Gustav Mahler Society was founded in 1955 in Vienna, with Bruno Walter as its first president and Alma Mahler as an honorary member."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gustav Mahler (German: [ˈmaːlɐ]; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation."
}
] |
Mahler was an actor and known for his serious roles.
| 0 | 4 |
Gustav Mahler
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film broke several records at the time, including the opening-weekend record in the United States with $136 million, the fastest film to gross over $1 billion at the worldwide box office (63 days), the highest grossing first sequel at the worldwide box office and became the highest-grossing film of 2006 and the third highest-grossing film of all time (behind Titanic and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the film, the wedding of Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) and Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley) is interrupted by Lord Cutler Beckett (Tom Hollander), who wants Turner to acquire the compass of Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) in a bid to find the Dead Man's Chest."
}
] |
W1SFLOox8RxI6SA4jXY4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest is a 2006 American fantasy swashbuckler film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest premiered at Disneyland in California on June 24, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest received mixed reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the film, the wedding of Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) and Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley) is interrupted by Lord Cutler Beckett (Tom Hollander), who wants Turner to acquire the compass of Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) in a bid to find the Dead Man's Chest."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Johnny Depp as Captain Jack Sparrow: Captain of the Black Pearl."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Worldwide, it ranks as the 34th highest-grossing film, the 15th highest-grossing film distributed by Disney, the highest-grossing film of 2006, the third highest-grossing film of the 2000s, the highest-grossing film in the Pirates of the Caribbean series, the highest-grossing film to star Johnny Depp and the fourth highest-grossing second installment in a franchise (behind Frozen II, Avengers: Age of Ultron, and Incredibles 2)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special effects",
"text": "The scene where the Kraken spits at Jack Sparrow does not use computer-generated spit: it was real gunge thrown at Johnny Depp."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film broke several records at the time, including the opening-weekend record in the United States with $136 million, the fastest film to gross over $1 billion at the worldwide box office (63 days), the highest grossing first sequel at the worldwide box office and became the highest-grossing film of 2006 and the third highest-grossing film of all time (behind Titanic and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King)."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "Disney produced a comic book adaption in their Junior Graphic Novels: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2007) Disney sponsored a racing yacht in the 2005 edition of the Volvo Ocean Race."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It is also the highest-grossing 2006 film, the highest-grossing Pirates of the Caribbean film, and the seventh-highest-grossing Disney film."
}
] |
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest is a 2006 American film that broke several records and starred Johnny Depp as Jack Sparrow.
| 0 | 0 |
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "I guess it's a little intense, because I come from a true diva: My mother is an opera singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carey spent much of her time at home alone and began singing at the age of three, often imitating her mother's take on Verdi's opera Rigoletto in Italian."
}
] |
W1btbkU8UnZgivcqfQfq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carey began vocal training under the tutelage of her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "... I'm a fighter, but I learned that I'm not in charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After her parents' divorce, Carey had little contact with her father, and her mother worked several jobs to support the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "I guess it's a little intense, because I come from a true diva: My mother is an opera singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While her elder sister Alison moved in with their father, the singer and her older brother Morgan remained with their mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Aguilera said in the early stages of her career that Carey was a big influence in her singing career and one of her idols."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style",
"text": "Singing, to her, represents a physical challenge, not an emotional unburdening."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carey spent much of her time at home alone and began singing at the age of three, often imitating her mother's take on Verdi's opera Rigoletto in Italian."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and timbre",
"text": "However, tiredness and sleep deprivation can affect her vocals due to the nodules, and Carey explained that she went through a lot of practice to maintain a balance during singing."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She landed a gig singing backup for Puerto Rican freestyle singer Brenda K. Starr."
}
] |
Carey learned how to sing by watching her mother.
| 0 | 0 |
Mariah Carey
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy",
"text": "Several places in the United States are named for him, including the Daniel Boone National Forest, the Sheltowee Trace Trail, the town of Boone, North Carolina, various settlements carrying the name of \"Boonville\", and seven counties: Boone County, Illinois, Boone County, Indiana, Boone County, Nebraska, Boone County, West Virginia, Boone County, Missouri, Boone County, Arkansas, and Boone County, Kentucky."
}
] |
W1vzzrtjuQcXjfObiEOd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina | Marriage and family",
"text": "Frontiersmen often carved messages on trees or wrote their names on cave walls, and Boone's name or initials have been found in many places."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy",
"text": "Several places in the United States are named for him, including the Daniel Boone National Forest, the Sheltowee Trace Trail, the town of Boone, North Carolina, various settlements carrying the name of \"Boonville\", and seven counties: Boone County, Illinois, Boone County, Indiana, Boone County, Nebraska, Boone County, West Virginia, Boone County, Missouri, Boone County, Arkansas, and Boone County, Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Because the Gregorian calendar was adopted during his lifetime, Boone's birth date is sometimes given as November 2, 1734 (the \"New Style\" date), although Boone used the October date."
},
{
"section_header": "Businessman and politician from the Ohio River valley",
"text": "That same year, the Kentucky assembly named Boone County in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy",
"text": "His name and birth date were carved on the wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his death, Boone became the subject of many heroic tall tales and works of fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "Boone pursued this strategy so convincingly that many of his men concluded that he had switched his loyalty to the British."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "According to this story, Boone's tombstone in Missouri had been inadvertently placed over the wrong grave, but no one had ever corrected the error."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "A popular image of Boone which emerged in later years is that of the backwoodsman who had little affinity for \"civilized\" society, moving away from places like Boonesborough when they became \"too crowded\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | In fiction",
"text": "The main character of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales, the first of which was published in 1823, bore striking similarities to Boone; even his name, Nathaniel Bumppo, echoed Daniel Boone's name."
}
] |
Boone has many places across the U.S mid-west named after him.
| 2 | 4 |
Daniel Boone
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition."
}
] |
W23JUXZ1LZ7kXf8FOoNG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Aristotle then accompanied Xenocrates to the court of his friend Hermias of Atarneus in Asia Minor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian."
},
{
"section_header": "Natural philosophy | Biology | Classification of living things",
"text": "Animals came above plants, and these in turn were above minerals."
},
{
"section_header": "Practical philosophy | Ethics",
"text": "Aristotle considered ethics to be a practical rather than theoretical study, i.e., one aimed at becoming good and doing good rather than knowing for its own sake."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculative philosophy | Metaphysics | Substance | Immanent realism",
"text": "In addition, Aristotle disagreed with Plato about the location of universals."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculative philosophy | Metaphysics | Substance | Immanent realism",
"text": "For example, it is possible that there is no particular good in existence, but \"good\" is still a proper universal form."
},
{
"section_header": "Natural philosophy",
"text": "Note, however, that his use of the term science carries a different meaning than that covered by the term \"scientific method\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Practical philosophy | Economics",
"text": "Money came into use because people became dependent on one another, importing what they needed and exporting the surplus."
},
{
"section_header": "Surviving works | Loss and preservation",
"text": "A major question in the history of Aristotle's works is how the exoteric writings were all lost, and how the ones we now possess came to us."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculative philosophy | Logic | Organon",
"text": "The term \"logic\" he reserved to mean dialectics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition."
}
] |
Aristotle came up with the term Platonic Love after his good friend Plato was killed by hemlock as a tribute to him.
| 0 | 0 |
Aristotle
|
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