category
stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes
int64 0
12
| gold_evidence
list | id
stringlengths 20
20
| label
stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence
list | text
stringlengths 16
429
| total_likes
int64 0
7
| total_votes
int64 0
13
| wikipedia_page
stringlengths 3
49
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At a variety show, blackface entertainer Tom Baron passes out drunk, and Al goes on in his place."
}
] |
W244nQqqNIHYWxSUWtJY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jolson Story is a 1946 American Technicolor musical biography film which purports to tell the life story of singer Al Jolson."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At a variety show, blackface entertainer Tom Baron passes out drunk, and Al goes on in his place."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "American burlesque performer Steve Martin offers to play a song for his audience, if they agree to sing along."
},
{
"section_header": "Quotations",
"text": "They pick it out of the air.\" (Jolson to Dockstader) \"[I'm] trying to make songs out of music I picked up."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Asa changes his mind, and his name: he begins to perform as Al Jolson."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot accuracy",
"text": "Jolson actually had three managers, who were combined into the William Demarest character, \"Steve Martin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "The film is recognized by the American Film Institute in these lists: 2006: AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jolson doesn't wish to leave Steve Martin, but Steve thinks it is a perfect opportunity for him, and deliberately leads him onto the wrong train."
},
{
"section_header": "Quotations",
"text": "Music nobody ever heard of before, but the only kind I want to sing.\" (Jolson, explaining what he's been doing) \"That's an audience that never saw a live show."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio adaptation",
"text": "Lux Radio Theatre presented The Jolson Story on February 16, 1948."
}
] |
In the Jolson Story, a 1946 American Technicolor musical biography film, Al Jolson replaces Steve Martin who had passed out drunk before the performance.
| 2 | 4 |
The Jolson Story
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rixey attended the University of Virginia where he was a star pitcher."
}
] |
W2BXXM2Indb0w45f8a87
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1960, Rixey finished third in the balloting behind former teammate Edd Roush and Sam Rice (who was later inducted the same year as Rixey)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "The relationship between Rixey and manager Gavvy Cravath was never good, and Cravath had made known his desire to trade him; however, he stayed with the Phillies that season, working on his delivery with former pitcher Jesse Tannehill, who, Rixey admitted, helped with his pitching delivery."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "For the 1933 season, he was the only Reds pitcher with a winning record, at 6–3 as the Reds finished last in the National League at 58–94."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Prior to the 1913 season, Rixey notified the Phillies of his desire to finish his studies at the University of Virginia and graduate in June; however, after some negotiation, he decided to sign a contract and re-joined the team shortly after the season began."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He was married to Dorothy Meyers of Cincinnati and had two children, Eppa Rixey III and Ann Rixey Sikes and five grandchildren, James Rixey, Eppa Rixey IV, Steve Sikes, Paige Sikes, and David Sikes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Neither Rixey nor Rigler received any signing bonus."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "When Rixey started playing, he was considered an \"anomaly\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Eppa Rixey Jr. was born on May 3, 1891, in Culpeper, Virginia, to Eppa Rixey and his wife Willie Alice (née Walton)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His uncles were John Franklin Rixey, a former congressman, and Presley Marion Rixey, a former Surgeon General of the United States Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rixey attended the University of Virginia where he was a star pitcher."
}
] |
Rixey never finished highschool.
| 2 | 3 |
Eppa Rixey
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "George Ruth Jr. was born in the house of his maternal grandfather, Pius Schamberger, a German immigrant and trade unionist."
}
] |
W2HVoCmlvMVj9rjpZbqR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "George Ruth Jr. was born in the house of his maternal grandfather, Pius Schamberger, a German immigrant and trade unionist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The elder Ruth then became a counterman in a family-owned combination grocery and saloon business on Frederick Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He was rarely visited by his family; his mother died when he was 12 and, by some accounts, he was permitted to leave St. Mary's only to attend the funeral."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary impact",
"text": "Man o' Man o' War. One of the factors that contributed to Ruth's broad appeal was the uncertainty about his family and early life."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Ruth was sometimes allowed to rejoin his family or was placed at St. James's Home, a supervised residence with work in the community, but he was always returned to St. Mary's."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary impact",
"text": "Ruth appeared to exemplify the American success story, that even an uneducated, unsophisticated youth, without any family wealth or connections, can do something better than anyone else in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "When Ruth was a toddler, the family moved to 339 South Woodyear Street, not far from the rail yards; by the time he was six years old, his father had a saloon with an upstairs apartment at 426 West Camden Street."
}
] |
Babe Ruth's family immigrated from Europe.
| 3 | 6 |
Babe Ruth
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Catcher in the Rye is a novel by J. D. Salinger, partially published in serial form in 1945–1946 and as a novel in 1951."
}
] |
W2JeILph6ZrXA1Lbsu8o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "When The Catcher in the Rye was first released, many offers were made to adapt it for the screen, including one from Samuel Goldwyn, producer of My Foolish Heart."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "A letter written by Salinger in 1957 revealed that he was open to an adaptation of The Catcher in the Rye released after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Catcher in the Rye is a novel by J. D. Salinger, partially published in serial form in 1945–1946 and as a novel in 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" In an appraisal of The Catcher in the Rye written after the death of J.D. Salinger, Jeff Pruchnic says the novel has retained its appeal for many generations."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In their biography of Salinger, David Shields and Shane Salerno argue that: \"The Catcher in the Rye can best be understood as a disguised war novel.\" Salinger witnessed the horrors of World War II, but rather than writing a combat novel, Salinger, according to Shields and Salerno, \"took the trauma of war and embedded it within what looked to the naked eye like a coming-of-age novel.\" The Catcher in the Rye has been consistently listed as one of the best novels of the twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "This \"catcher in the rye\" is an analogy for Holden, who admires in children"
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "I never saw him. That was J.D. Salinger and that was Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bill Gates said that The Catcher in the Rye is one of his favorite books."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Shelley Keller-Gage, a high school teacher who faced objections after assigning the novel in her class, noted that \"the challengers are being just like Holden... They are trying to be catchers in the rye.\" A Streisand effect has been that this incident caused people to put themselves on the waiting list to borrow the novel, when there was no waiting list before."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "It pleasures me no end, though, I might quickly add, to know that I won't have to see the results of the transaction.\" Salinger also wrote that he believed his novel was not suitable for film treatment, and that translating Holden Caulfield's first-person narrative into voice-over and dialogue would be contrived."
}
] |
The Catcher in the Rye was first released as a novel.
| 0 | 0 |
The Catcher in the Rye
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The treaty marked Russia's final withdrawal from World War I as an enemy of her co-signatories, on severe terms."
}
] |
W2P7JhtydJMPFysZRjZD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "In the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I, one clause abrogated the Brest-Litovsk treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "The Ottoman Empire broke the treaty by invading the newly created First Republic of Armenia in May 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The treaty marked Russia's final withdrawal from World War I as an enemy of her co-signatories, on severe terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1917, Germany and Imperial Russia were stuck in a stalemate on the Eastern Front of World War I and the Russian economy had nearly collapsed under the strain of the war effort."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in the Caucasus",
"text": "Russia will not interfere in the reorganization of the national and international relations of these districts, but leave it to the population of these districts to carry out this reorganization in agreement with the neighboring States, especially with the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first diplomatic treaty ever filmed."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Decree called \"upon all the belligerent nations and their governments to start immediate negotiations for peace\" and proposed an immediate withdrawal of Russia from World War I. Leon Trotsky was appointed Commissar of Foreign Affairs in the new Bolshevik government."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in the Caucasus",
"text": "At the insistence of Talaat Pasha, the treaty declared that the territory Russia took from the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), specifically Ardahan, Kars, and Batumi, were to be returned."
}
] |
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signifies Russia leaving the first World War in 1918.
| 1 | 6 |
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "Air New Zealand, Asiana Airlines, Croatia Airlines, LOT Polish Airlines, South African Airways, and TAP Air Portugal were the last airlines to move in on 22 October 2014.The original Terminal 2 opened as the Europa Building in 1955 and was the airport's oldest terminal."
}
] |
W2k3APxezSnrE88Pfs8U
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "Terminal 2 is used by all Star Alliance members which fly from Heathrow (consolidating the airlines under Star Alliance's co-location policy \"Move Under One Roof\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents and accidents | Terrorism and security incidents",
"text": "One hijacker was killed and the other was subdued as the plane made an emergency landing at Heathrow Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "On 4 June 2014, United Airlines became the first airline to move into Terminal 2 from Terminals 1 and 4 followed by All Nippon Airways, Air Canada and Air China from Terminal 3."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of six international airports serving the London region."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "Air New Zealand, Asiana Airlines, Croatia Airlines, LOT Polish Airlines, South African Airways, and TAP Air Portugal were the last airlines to move in on 22 October 2014.The original Terminal 2 opened as the Europa Building in 1955 and was the airport's oldest terminal."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Former terminals | Terminal 1",
"text": "Two flights of this carrier, one departing to Hanover and one arriving from Baku, marked the terminal closure on 29 June 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Flight movements",
"text": "Aircraft destined for Heathrow are usually routed to one of four holding points."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Along with Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, Southend and London City, Heathrow is one of six airports with scheduled services serving the London area."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Terminal assignments",
"text": "This saw many airlines move to be grouped in terminals by airline alliance as far as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "The airlines moved from their original locations over six months, with only 10% of flights operating from there in the first six weeks (United Airlines' transatlantic flights) to avoid the opening problems seen at Terminal 5."
}
] |
One of the final airlines to move to Terminal 2 in Heathrow Airport was one based in Poland.
| 0 | 0 |
Heathrow Airport
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julie Frances Christie (born 14 April 1940) is a British actress."
}
] |
W2y6UV2KvjKQzl5kSq54
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "According to Life magazine, 1965 was \"The Year of Julie Christie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julie Frances Christie (born 14 April 1940) is a British actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1967, Time magazine said of her: \"What Julie Christie wears has more real impact on fashion than all the clothes of the ten best-dressed women"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents separated when Julie was a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In July 2006 she was a member of the jury at the 28th Moscow International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Christie received a third Oscar nomination for her role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Christie returned to the United Kingdom in 1977, living on a farm in Wales."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The Go-Between (1971), Christie had a lead role along with Alan Bates."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The latter performance earned Christie a BAFTA nomination as supporting actress in film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Polley has said Christie liked the script but initially turned it down as she was ambivalent about acting."
}
] |
Julie Christie began her career as an acctress in Britian.
| 1 | 3 |
Julie Christie
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist."
}
] |
W4YedBGdPfibAF8N7RbR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the age of 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by winning the Orteig Prize for making a nonstop flight from New York City to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist."
},
{
"section_header": "New York–Paris flight | Orteig Prize",
"text": "Around the same time, French-born New York hotelier Raymond Orteig was approached by Augustus Post, secretary of the Aero Club of America, and prompted to put up a $25,000 award for the first successful nonstop transatlantic flight specifically between New York City and Paris (in either direction) within five years after its establishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and tributes | Medal of Honor",
"text": "Citation For displaying heroic courage and skill as a navigator, at the risk of his life, by his nonstop flight in his airplane, the \"Spirit of St. Louis\", from New York City to Paris, France, 20–21 May 1927, by which Capt."
},
{
"section_header": "New York–Paris flight | Orteig Prize",
"text": "The world's first nonstop transatlantic flight (though at 1,890 mi, or 3,040 km, far shorter than Lindbergh's 3,600 mi, or 5,800 km, flight) was made eight years earlier by British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown, in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber."
},
{
"section_header": "New York–Paris flight | Orteig Prize",
"text": "I French flying ace René Fonck's Sikorsky S-35 crashed on takeoff from Roosevelt Field in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and tributes | Medal of Honor",
"text": "Place and date: From New York City to Paris, France, May 20–21, 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "New York–Paris flight | Orteig Prize",
"text": "On May 8 French war heroes Charles Nungesser and François Coli departed Paris – Le Bourget Airport in the Levasseur PL 8 seaplane L'Oiseau Blanc; they disappeared somewhere in the Atlantic after last being seen crossing the west coast of Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "New York–Paris flight | Orteig Prize",
"text": "On September 21, 1926 World War"
},
{
"section_header": "New York–Paris flight | Orteig Prize",
"text": "When that time limit lapsed in 1924 without a serious attempt, Orteig renewed the offer for another five years, this time attracting a number of well-known, highly experienced, and well-financed contenders—none of whom was successful."
}
] |
Charles Lindbergh was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist who earned world fame by winning the Orteig Prize for making a nonstop flight from New York City to Paris.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Lindbergh
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 (Pub.L. 63–212, 38 Stat."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "730, enacted October 15, 1914, codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 12–27, 29 U.S.C. §§ 52–53), was a part of United States antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime; the Clayton Act sought to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency."
}
] |
W4vachkWQwfaM99qClMz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Since the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, courts in the United States had interpreted the law on cartels as applying against trade unions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "730, enacted October 15, 1914, codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 12–27, 29 U.S.C. §§ 52–53), was a part of United States antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime; the Clayton Act sought to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Pre-merger notification",
"text": "Section 7a, 15 U.S.C. § 18a, requires that companies notify the Federal Trade Commission and the Assistant Attorney General of the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division of any contemplated mergers and acquisitions that meet or exceed certain thresholds."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Clayton Act passed by a vote of 277 to 54 on June 5, 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Section 7",
"text": "Another important factor to consider is the amendment passed in Congress on Section 7 of the Clayton Act in 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 (Pub.L. 63–212, 38 Stat."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents",
"text": "The Clayton Act made both substantive and procedural modifications to federal antitrust law."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Though the Senate passed its own version on September 2, 1914, by a vote of 46–16, the final version of the law (written after deliberation between Senate and the House), did not pass the Senate until October 5 and the House until October 8 of the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Enforcement",
"text": "Under the Clayton Act, only civil suits could be brought to the court's attention and a provision \"permits a suit in the federal courts for three times the actual damages caused by anything forbidden in the antitrust laws\", including court costs and attorney's fees."
},
{
"section_header": "Exemptions",
"text": "An important difference between the Clayton Act and its predecessor, the Sherman Act, is that the Clayton Act contained safe harbors for union activities."
}
] |
The Clayton Antitrust Act was passed in the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Clayton Antitrust Act
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The Díaz family was devoutly religious, and Díaz began training for the priesthood at the age of fifteen when his mother, María Petrona Mori Cortés, sent him to the Colegio Seminario Conciliar de Oaxaca."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Díaz had trained for the priesthood, and it seemed likely that was his career path."
}
] |
W5WxDsmSX9FcE6wky30m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His only son to survive to adulthood, Porfirio Díaz Ortega, known as \"Porfirito,\" trained to be an officer at the military academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Oaxaca was a center of liberalism, and the founding of the Institute of Arts and Sciences, a secular institution, helped foster professional training for Oaxacan liberals, including Benito Juárez and Porfirio Díaz."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Diaz succeeded in seizing power, ousting Lerdo in a coup in 1876, with the help of his political supporters, and Diaz was elected in 1877."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Díaz had trained for the priesthood, and it seemed likely that was his career path."
},
{
"section_header": "Cracks in the political system",
"text": "Zúñiga lost every election but always claimed fraud and considered himself to be the legitimately elected president, but he did not mount a serious challenge to the regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Cracks in the political system",
"text": "With wars being waged against the Yaqui in northwest Mexico and the Maya, Reyes requested and received increased funding to augment the number of men at arms."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Díaz joined with seminary students who volunteered as soldiers to repel the U.S. invasion during the Mexican–American War, and, despite not seeing action, decided his future was in the military, not the priesthood."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration 1884–1896",
"text": "Diaz expanded the crack police force, the Rurales, who were under control of the president."
},
{
"section_header": "Cracks in the political system",
"text": "As Diaz aged and continued to be re-elected, the question of presidential succession became more urgent."
},
{
"section_header": "Becoming president and first term, 1876–80",
"text": "Diaz launched his rebellion in Ojitlan, Oaxaca, on 10 January 1876 under the Plan of Tuxtepec, which initially failed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The Díaz family was devoutly religious, and Díaz began training for the priesthood at the age of fifteen when his mother, María Petrona Mori Cortés, sent him to the Colegio Seminario Conciliar de Oaxaca."
}
] |
Porfirio Diaz always trained to be a soldier.
| 1 | 3 |
Porfirio Diaz
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pursuits",
"text": "He both sang and played the cithara (a type of lyre)."
}
] |
W5t7aFh20VQFSi8jpsA6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pursuits",
"text": "Nero studied poetry, music, painting and sculpture."
},
{
"section_header": "Pursuits",
"text": "He both sang and played the cithara (a type of lyre)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pursuits",
"text": "During the games Nero sang and played his lyre on stage, acted in tragedies and raced chariots."
},
{
"section_header": "Pursuits",
"text": "Modeled on Greek style games, these games included \"music\" \"gymnastic\" and \"questrian\" contents."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Great Fire of Rome",
"text": "The popular legend that Nero played the fiddle while Rome burned \"is at least partly a literary construct of Flavian propaganda [...]"
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "The first, who sang and played the cithara or lyre and whose face was similar to that of the dead emperor, appeared in 69 during the reign of Vitellius."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As time passed, he began to play a more active and independent role in government and foreign policy."
},
{
"section_header": "Pursuits",
"text": "Many of these disciplines were standard education for the Roman elite, but Nero's devotion to music exceeded what was socially acceptable for a Roman of his class."
},
{
"section_header": "Pursuits",
"text": "Pliny described Nero as an \"actor-emperor\" (scaenici imperatoris) and Suetonius wrote that he was \"carried away by a craze for popularity...since he was acclaimed as the equal of Apollo in music and of the Sun in driving a chariot, he had planned to emulate the exploits of Hercules as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "Otho used \"Nero\" as a surname and reerected many statues to Nero."
}
] |
Nero played a musical instrument.
| 0 | 0 |
Nero
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The last name Carey was adopted by her Venezuelan grandfather, Francisco Núñez, after he emigrated to New York."
}
] |
W6KYb2GCSYdEpXEt4VAp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She landed a gig singing backup for Puerto Rican freestyle singer Brenda K. Starr."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "Mottola signed Carey to Columbia and enlisted the talents of top producers"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "Carey would once again refuse to embark on a world tour to promote the album."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "It established Carey as a viable live act, with critics heralding it as a \"vocal Tour de force\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "Columbia spent upwards of $1 million promoting the singer's debut studio album, Mariah Carey."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "The following year, Carey co-wrote, co-produced and recorded her second studio effort, Emotions."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "In hopes of putting to rest any speculation of her being a manufactured artist, Carey booked an appearance on MTV Unplugged."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "Carey had already left the event, and in what has been described as a modern-day Cinderella story, he spent the next two weeks in search of her."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "Columbia marketed Carey as the main female artist on their roster, competing with Arista's Whitney Houston and Madonna of Sire Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "Mariah Carey was the best-selling album in the United States in 1991, and achieved worldwide sales of 15 million copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The last name Carey was adopted by her Venezuelan grandfather, Francisco Núñez, after he emigrated to New York."
}
] |
Carey has Puerto Rican ancestry.
| 0 | 1 |
Mariah Carey
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
}
] |
W77SRD64UQIwUHBagB8e
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "The novel opens with a statement about the bishop of Digne in 1815 and immediately shifts: \"Although these details in no way essentially concern that which we have to tell...\" Only after 14 chapters does Hugo pick up the opening thread again, \" In the early days of the month of October, 1815...\", to introduce Jean Valjean."
},
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "Published by West and Johnston publishers."
},
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "Lascelles Wraxall. London: Hurst and Blackett, October 1862."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "The first English translation."
},
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "The first British translation."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Minor",
"text": "He is described as stupid and has a tattoo on his arm, 1 Mars 1815."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels",
"text": "The former has been published in an English translation."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Volume V: Jean Valjean",
"text": "Marius recognizes Valjean at first sight."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Minor",
"text": "He is the first to claim that Champmathieu is really Valjean."
}
] |
It was first published in October 1815.
| 3 | 7 |
Les Misérables
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic."
}
] |
W7R8t2KwgHM4kQpEdCxE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In mathematics | Finite subdivision rules",
"text": "Finite subdivision rules are a geometric form of recursion, which can be used to create fractal-like images."
},
{
"section_header": "In language",
"text": "Literary self-reference can in any case be argued to be different in kind from mathematical or logical recursion."
},
{
"section_header": "In language",
"text": "In order to provide a single denotation for it that is suitably flexible, and is typically defined so that it can take any of these different types of meanings as arguments."
},
{
"section_header": "In mathematics | Recursive optimization",
"text": "Dynamic programming is an approach to optimization that restates a multiperiod or multistep optimization problem in recursive form."
},
{
"section_header": "Formal definitions",
"text": "Many mathematical axioms are based upon recursive rules."
},
{
"section_header": "In computer science",
"text": "Use of recursion in an algorithm has both advantages and disadvantages."
},
{
"section_header": "In computer science",
"text": "Some specific kinds of recurrence relation can be \"solved\" to obtain a non-recursive definition (e.g., a closed-form expression)."
},
{
"section_header": "In language",
"text": "Andrew Nevins, David Pesetsky and Cilene Rodrigues are among many who have argued against this."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic."
},
{
"section_header": "In art",
"text": "Recursion has been used in paintings since Giotto's Stefaneschi Triptych, made in 1320."
}
] |
Recursion is used in many different forms.
| 0 | 2 |
Recursion
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The Battle of Kings Mountain lasted 65 minutes."
}
] |
W7ThIJ49EXZXySMuWV8Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle took place on October 7, 1780, 9 miles (14 km) south of the present-day town of Kings Mountain, North Carolina in what is now rural Cherokee County, South Carolina, where the Patriot militia defeated the Loyalist militia commanded by British Major Patrick Ferguson of the 71st Foot."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "Kings Mountain is one of many rocky forested hills in the upper Piedmont, near the border between North and South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "By sunrise of the 7th, they forded the Broad River, fifteen miles from Kings Mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, the Patriots caught up with the Loyalists at Kings Mountain near the border with South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Pursuit of Shelby",
"text": "Shelby and his Overmountain Men crossed back over the Appalachian Mountains and retreated back into the territory of the Watauga Association at Sycamore Shoals in present day Elizabethton, Tennessee, and by the next month on September 25, 1780, Colonels Shelby, John Sevier, and Charles McDowell and their 600 Overmountain Men had combined forces with Col. William Campbell and his 400 Virginia men at the Sycamore Shoals muster in advance of the October 7, 1780, Battle of Kings Mountain north of present day"
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "Now 1400 strong, the Patriots marched to South Mountain, North Carolina,"
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "On October 6, they reached Cowpens, South Carolina, (site of the future Battle of Cowpens), where they received word that Ferguson was east of them, heading towards Charlotte and Cornwallis."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "In The Winning of the West, Theodore Roosevelt wrote of Kings Mountain, \"This brilliant victory marked the turning point of the American Revolution.\" Thomas Jefferson called it, \"The turn of the tide of success.\" President Herbert Hoover at Kings Mountain said, This is a place of inspiring memories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Kings Mountain was a military engagement between Patriot and Loyalist militias in South Carolina during the Southern Campaign of the American Revolutionary War, resulting in a decisive victory for the Patriots."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "S.C. Their cousin John Moore was the Loyalist commander at the earlier Battle of Ramsour's Mill (modern Lincolnton, N.C.), in which many of the combatants at Kings Mountain had participated on one side or the other."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The Battle of Kings Mountain lasted 65 minutes."
}
] |
The Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina took place from sunrise to sunset on October 7, 1780.
| 4 | 6 |
Battle of Kings Mountain
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1700, the Spanish Empire remained a vast global confederation, which included the Spanish Netherlands, large parts of Italy, and much of Central and South America."
}
] |
W7adgB7NNQC1LnGwIFkh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Partition treaties",
"text": "made the five-year-old heir to the bulk of the Spanish monarchy and divided Madrid's European territories between France and Austria."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to war",
"text": "Its provisions included securing the Dutch Barrier in the Spanish Netherlands, the Protestant succession in England and Scotland and an independent Spain but did not refer to placing Archduke Charles on the Spanish throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1700, the Spanish Empire remained a vast global confederation, which included the Spanish Netherlands, large parts of Italy, and much of Central and South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1700, the Spanish Empire included possessions in Italy, the Spanish Netherlands, the Philippines and the Americas and though no longer the dominant great power, it remained largely intact."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns 1701–1708 | Italy",
"text": "The war in Italy primarily involved the Spanish-ruled Duchies of Milan and Mantua, considered essential to the security of Austria's southern borders."
},
{
"section_header": "Partition treaties",
"text": "The Spanish refused to accept the division of their empire, and on 14 November 1698 Charles published his will, which declared Joseph Ferdinand heir to an independent and undivided Spanish monarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "War aims and major parties | Austria / Holy Roman Empire",
"text": "The Habsburgs wanted to put Archduke Charles on the throne of an undivided Spanish Monarchy, while their Allies were fighting to prevent either the Bourbons or the Habsburgs from doing so."
},
{
"section_header": "No peace without Spain; 1709–1713 | Treaties of Rastatt and Baden",
"text": "Article XIX of the treaty transferred sovereignty over the Spanish Netherlands to Austria."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns 1701–1708 | Italy",
"text": "Those delays contributed to the failure to take Toulon; by the end of 1707, fighting in Italy ceased apart from attempts by Victor Amadeus to recover his trans-Alpine territories of Nice and Savoy."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns 1701–1708 | Italy",
"text": "An attack by forces from Italy on the French base of Toulon was planned for 1707 but was postponed when 10,000 Imperial troops were diverted in June to seize the Spanish Bourbon Kingdom of Naples."
}
] |
During the war of the Spanish Succession, the Spanish monarchy had territories in Italy and Netherlands.
| 2 | 6 |
War of the Spanish Succession
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played several sports as a child, including baseball, football and boxing."
}
] |
W8I0EgQhbbAat9439Pq8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the time that Major League Baseball was racially integrated, Dandridge was considered too old to play."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Dandridge's nephew, Brad Dandridge, played professional baseball from 1993 to 1998, primarily in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played several sports as a child, including baseball, football and boxing."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played baseball locally for teams in Richmond's Church Hill district."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He focused on baseball, often playing with a bat improvised from a tree branch and a golf ball wrapped in string and tape."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Dandridge was one of the greatest fielders in the history of baseball, and one of the sport's greatest hitters for average."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, Dandridge was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and, late in his life, Dandridge was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Although more than capable of playing in the majors, he never got the call to the big leagues, instead spending the last years of his career as the premier player in Triple-A baseball, batting .362"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Because of the \"gentlemen's agreement\" not to allow African Americans in Major League Baseball, Dandridge was dismissed as being too old by the time of integration."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
}
] |
Ray Dandridge only played baseball while growing up.
| 0 | 0 |
Ray Dandridge
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "the Walking Dead features a different set of characters, developed by Kirkman."
}
] |
W8Ors0yMYsDNlBwWGhBv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "The fourth season of Fear the Walking Dead features a crossover with The Walking Dead, specifically through the character Morgan Jones (played by Lennie James) who joins the cast of Fear the Walking Dead after the events of the eighth season of The Walking Dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "the Walking Dead features a different set of characters, developed by Kirkman."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "Fear the Walking Dead is a companion series to The Walking Dead, developed by AMC."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "Fear the Walking Dead was first broadcast on August 23, 2015.Fear"
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "Similarly, Dwight, played by Austin Amelio, joined Fear the Walking Dead for its fifth season in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Marketing",
"text": "The Walking Dead debuted during the same week in 120 countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Talking Dead",
"text": "Talking Dead features host Chris Hardwick discussing the latest episode with fans, actors, and producers of The Walking Dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The Walking Dead has featured a large rotating ensemble cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A spinoff series Fear the Walking Dead premiered on August 23, 2015, and is renewed for a sixth season."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "James joined the cast of Fear the Walking Dead in season four and Amelio joined the cast in season five."
}
] |
Fear the Walking Dead features all the same characters as The Walking Dead.
| 5 | 6 |
The Walking Dead (TV series)
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Denazification",
"text": "In any case, Orff's assertion that he had been anti-Nazi during the war was accepted by the American denazification authorities, who changed his previous category of \"gray unacceptable\" to \"gray acceptable\", enabling him to continue to compose for public presentation, and to enjoy the royalties that the popularity of Carmina Burana had earned for him."
}
] |
W8SShm0yCCthxklsF8pY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Carl Orff was born in Munich on 10 July 1895, the son of Paula (Köstler) and Heinrich Orff."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "Defenders of Orff note that he had already composed music for this play as early as 1917 and 1927, long before this was a favor for the Nazi regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Orff (German: [ˈɔɐ̯f]; (1895-07-10)10 July 1895 – (1982-03-29)29 March 1982) was a German composer and music educator, best known for his cantata Carmina Burana (1937)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "Orff was a friend of Kurt Huber, one of the founders of the resistance movement Weiße Rose (the White Rose), who was condemned to death by the Volksgerichtshof and executed by the Nazis in 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "In it, Orff implored him for forgiveness."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "His Carmina Burana was hugely popular in Nazi Germany after its premiere in Frankfurt in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Denazification",
"text": "Kater also made a particularly strong case that Orff collaborated with Nazi German authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "Orff's relationship with German national-socialism and the Nazi Party has been a matter of considerable debate and analysis."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "Orff by happenstance called at Huber's house on the day after his arrest."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "On 19 January 1946 Orff wrote a letter to the deceased Huber."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Denazification",
"text": "In any case, Orff's assertion that he had been anti-Nazi during the war was accepted by the American denazification authorities, who changed his previous category of \"gray unacceptable\" to \"gray acceptable\", enabling him to continue to compose for public presentation, and to enjoy the royalties that the popularity of Carmina Burana had earned for him."
}
] |
Carl Orff swore that he was against Nazis.
| 1 | 2 |
Carl Orff
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In addition to whatever public performances there were around 1613–1614, evidence suggests a performance of The Two Noble Kinsmen at Court in 1619."
}
] |
W9Bktm63J5ui9Py2eeot
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Noble Kinsmen is a Jacobean tragicomedy, first published in 1634 and attributed to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In addition to whatever public performances there were around 1613–1614, evidence suggests a performance of The Two Noble Kinsmen at Court in 1619."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Links between The Two Noble Kinsmen and contemporaneous works point to 1613–1614 as its date of composition and first performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In 1664, after theatres had re-opened after Charles II returned to the throne at the beginning of the English Restoration period, Sir William Davenant produced an adaptation of The Two Noble Kinsmen for the Duke's Company titled The Rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | In popular culture",
"text": "In The Simpsons' Season 15 episode \"Co-Dependent's Day,\" after Moe Szyslak unthinkingly gives away a rare 1886 bottle of Château Latour, he proceeds to dry his tears with another priceless collector's item, an original manuscript of The Two Noble Kinsmen."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "A successful \"special effect\" in Beaumont's masque, designed for a single performance, appears to have been adopted and adapted into Kinsmen, indicating that the play followed soon after the masque."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "After a convivial dinner with reminiscences, the two fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Hippolyta and Emilia intervene and so Theseus agrees to a public tournament between the two for Emilia's hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "A reference to Palamon, one of the protagonists of Kinsmen, is contained in Ben Jonson's play Bartholomew Fair (1614)."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The two argue, but Arcite offers to bring Palamon food, drink and armaments so that they can meet in an equal fight over Emilia."
}
] |
There is proof that The Two Noble Kinsmen tragicomedy was performed after 1618.
| 1 | 2 |
The Two Noble Kinsmen
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book has sometimes been published under the author's pen name, Isak Dinesen."
}
] |
W9O3ckJNyUIn6mTkvrPD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book, first published in 1937, recounts events of the seventeen years when Blixen made her home in Kenya, then called British East Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book has sometimes been published under the author's pen name, Isak Dinesen."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1934 she published a fiction collection, Nine Tales, now known as Seven Gothic Tales, and in 1937 she published her Kenyan memoir, Out of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Shadows on the Grass",
"text": "Due to its brevity and its closely related content, Shadows on the Grass has in recent years been published as a combined volume with Out of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and style",
"text": "But by the time that Blixen was finishing the manuscript for Out of Africa at the age of 51, the Kenya protectorate of her younger years was a thing of the past."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Karen Blixen moved to British East Africa in late 1913, at the age of 28, to marry her second cousin, the Swedish Baron Bror von Blixen-Finecke, and make a life in the British colony known today as Kenya."
},
{
"section_header": "Shadows on the Grass",
"text": "In 1960, at the age of 76, Blixen published Shadows on the Grass, a short compendium of further recollections about her days in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Some of Kamante's own recollections and stories were later compiled by Peter Beard and published in a book entitled Longing For Darkness: Kamante's Tales from Out of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "\" In May 1931, when their affair was likely over for good, Finch Hatton was killed when his Gipsy Moth crashed after takeoff at the Voi aerodrome; these events are recounted in the last chapters of Out of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Shadows on the Grass",
"text": "Many of the people and the events from Out of Africa appear again on these pages."
}
] |
Out of Africa, sometimes been published under the author's pen name, Isak Dinesen, published in 1937, recounts events of the seventeen years when Blixen made her home in Kenya, then called British East Africa.
| 0 | 0 |
Out of Africa
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Doric Greek: [ar.kʰi.mɛː.dɛ̂ːs]; c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer."
}
] |
W9TWg2XdROHG0a5apjEH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Writings | Surviving works | The Sand Reckoner",
"text": "The introductory letter states that Archimedes' father was an astronomer named Phidias."
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Heat ray | Modern tests",
"text": "A test of the Archimedes heat ray was carried out in 1973 by the Greek scientist Ioannis Sakkas."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In The Sand Reckoner, Archimedes gives his father's name as Phidias, an astronomer about whom nothing else is known."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Surviving works | On Floating Bodies",
"text": "This may have been an attempt at explaining the theory of contemporary Greek astronomers such as Eratosthenes that the Earth is round."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Doric Greek: [ar.kʰi.mɛː.dɛ̂ːs]; c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The relatively few copies of Archimedes' written work that survived through the Middle Ages were an influential source of ideas for scientists during the Renaissance, while the discovery in 1906 of previously unknown works by Archimedes in the Archimedes Palimpsest has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematical results."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Archimedes Palimpsest",
"text": "The foremost document containing the work of Archimedes is the Archimedes Palimpsest."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Archimedes Palimpsest",
"text": "The treatises in the Archimedes Palimpsest include: On the Equilibrium of Planes"
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Archimedes' screw",
"text": "The world's first seagoing steamship with a screw propeller was the SS Archimedes, which was launched in 1839 and named in honor of Archimedes and his work on the screw."
}
] |
Archimedes was a scientist and astronomer.
| 2 | 4 |
Archimedes
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Born in Kecskemét, Hungary, Kodály learned to play the violin as a child."
}
] |
W9puFtqdbNIebNHXDnjF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zoltán Kodály (; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "See also: Kodály Hand Signs. In the motion picture Close Encounters of the Third Kind, a visual learning aid distributed to members of a conference of ufologists was named the \"Kodály Method\" and referenced musical notes as hand signals."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "The Hungarian music education program that developed in the 1940s became the basis for what is called the \"Kodály Method\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "Throughout his adult life, Kodály was very interested in the problems of many types of music education, and he wrote a large amount of material on teaching methods as well as composing plenty of music intended for children's use."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "While Kodály himself did not write down a comprehensive method, he did establish a set of principles to follow in music education, and these principles were widely taken up by pedagogues (above all in Hungary, but also in many other countries) after World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is well known internationally as the creator of the Kodály Method."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Born in Kecskemét, Hungary, Kodály learned to play the violin as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "In 1966, Kodály toured the United States and gave a special lecture at Stanford University, where some of his music was performed in his presence."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "At around this time Kodály met fellow composer and compatriot Béla Bartók, whom he took under his wing and introduced to some of the methods involved in folk song collecting."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Partly because of the Great War and subsequent major geopolitical changes in the region, and partly because of a naturally rather diffident temperament in youth, Kodály had no major public success until 1923."
}
] |
Zoltán Kodály was a violinist as a kid.
| 1 | 7 |
Zoltán Kodály
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The diary was retrieved by Miep Gies, who gave it to Anne's father, Otto Frank, the family's only known survivor, just after the war was over."
}
] |
WATqqAMG1BX2S5v5vgYC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The family was apprehended in 1944, and Anne Frank died of typhus in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In August 1944, they were discovered and deported to Nazi concentration camps."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "They were kept safe, and given to Otto Frank after the war, with the original notes, when Anne's death was confirmed in the spring of 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Editorial history | Censored material",
"text": "The missing diary entries contain critical remarks by Anne Frank about her parents' strained marriage and discuss Frank's lack of affection for her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Editorial history | Theatrical and film adaptations",
"text": "The first German film version of the diary, written by Fred Breinersdorfer, was released by NBCUniversal in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "On 5 July 1942, Anne's older sister Margot received an official summons to report to a Nazi work camp in Germany, and on 6 July, Margot and Anne went into hiding with their parents Otto and Edith."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The diary was retrieved by Miep Gies, who gave it to Anne's father, Otto Frank, the family's only known survivor, just after the war was over."
},
{
"section_header": "Editorial history | Publication in Dutch",
"text": "The first transcription of Anne's diary was in German, made by Otto Frank for his friends and relatives in Switzerland, who convinced him to send it for publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In her diary, Anne wrote of her very close relationship with her father, lack of daughterly love for her mother (with whom she felt she had nothing in common), and admiration for her sister's intelligence and sweet nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Copyright and ownership of the originals | Anne Frank Fonds",
"text": "The copyright however belongs to the Anne Frank Fonds, a Switzerland-based foundation of Basel which was the sole inheritor of Frank after his death in 1980."
}
] |
The Diary of Anne Frank was given to Anne's mother after she was released from her concentration camp.
| 0 | 0 |
The Diary of Anne Frank
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His parents, Sergei Khrushchev and Xeniya Khrushcheva, were poor peasants of Russian origin, and had a daughter two years Nikita's junior, Irina."
}
] |
WAY66WO50UNKYfKfPjsp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Party official | Involvement in purges",
"text": "In reply, Khrushchev asked that 2,000 wealthy peasants, or kulaks living in Moscow be killed in part fulfillment of the quota."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | War against Germany",
"text": "Leonid's daughter, Yulia, was raised by Nikita Khrushchev and his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Khrushchev was born in 1894 in the village of Kalinovka, in western Russia, close to the present-day border between Russia and Ukraine."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Khrushchev was born on 15 April 1894, in Kalinovka, a village in what is now Russia's Kursk Oblast, near the present Ukrainian border."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His parents, Sergei Khrushchev and Xeniya Khrushcheva, were poor peasants of Russian origin, and had a daughter two years Nikita's junior, Irina."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "After the boy worked briefly in other fields, Khrushchev's parents found him a place as a metal fitter's apprentice."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Nikita worked as a herdsboy from an early age."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Foreign and defense policies | Cuban Missile Crisis and the test ban treaty (1962–1964)",
"text": "I warned Nikita that secrecy would give the imperialists the advantage."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Donbas years",
"text": "They had three children together: daughter Rada was born in 1929, son Sergei in 1935 and daughter Elena in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "She urged Nikita to seek further education, but family finances did not permit this."
}
] |
Nikita Khrushchev was born into a wealthy parents.
| 1 | 4 |
Nikita Khrushchev
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In September, the City League season finished and he signed with the semipro Telling Strollers, an independent team sponsored by an ice cream company."
}
] |
WB7qfcgjzreCJEyIzYBC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Newspaper reports first mentioned Marquard in 1905 when he played with an amateur team in Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In September, the City League season finished and he signed with the semipro Telling Strollers, an independent team sponsored by an ice cream company."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though pitching for a poor team that had a 1–15 win-loss record at one point, Marquard attracted attention as a top pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He helped the team win pennants in 1916 and 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He then played for the Cincinnati Reds in 1921 and Boston Braves from 1922 to 1925.Marquard finished his major league career in 1925 with a record of 201–177 and a 3.08 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He broke a City League record with 16 strikeouts in a game against a team known as Brittons Printing."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rube Marquard was born in Cleveland, Ohio to German immigrant Fred Marquard and Lena Heiser Marquard."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Marquard allegedly celebrated by buying an opal stickpin to reward himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1914, Marquard went 12–22, and in 1915, he joined the Brooklyn Robins."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Marquard was a performer in vaudeville, appearing with Blossom Seeley and later marrying her."
}
] |
In September 1905, Marquard rejected a semipro offer to continue to play for an amateur team that was sponsored.
| 1 | 6 |
Rube Marquard
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Early films, 1935–1937",
"text": "De Havilland made her screen debut in Reinhardt's A Midsummer Night's Dream, which was filmed at Warner Brothers studios from December 19, 1934, to March 9, 1935."
}
] |
WB9oY05p0DqlivBLLHqV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1923, Lilian had a new Tudor-style house built, where the family resided until the early 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | War years, 1941–1944",
"text": "Most contract players accepted this, but a few tried to challenge this assumption, including Bette Davis, who mounted an unsuccessful lawsuit against Warner Bros. in the 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | War years, 1941–1944",
"text": "Later that year she began attending events at the Hollywood Canteen, meeting and dancing with the troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "\"In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor James Stewart."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | War years, 1941–1944",
"text": "During production, de Havilland and Huston began a romantic relationship that lasted three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career assessment and legacy",
"text": "She began her career playing demure ingénues opposite male stars such as Errol Flynn, with whom she made her breakout film Captain Blood in 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New life in Paris, 1953–1962",
"text": "projection\". In early 1962, de Havilland traveled to New York City, and began rehearsals for Garson Kanin's stage play A Gift of Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later films and television, 1963–1988",
"text": "During this period, de Havilland began doing speaking engagements in cities across the United States with a talk entitled \"From the City of the Stars to the City of Light\", a programme of personal reminiscences about her life and career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Vindication and recognition, 1945–1952",
"text": "In June 1945, she began filming Mitchell Leisen's drama To Each His Own, (1946) about an unwed mother who gives up her child for adoption and then spends the rest of her life trying to undo that decision."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Vindication and recognition, 1945–1952",
"text": "In 1950, her family moved to New York City, where she began rehearsals for a major new stage production of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet; it was her life-long ambition to play Juliet on the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early films, 1935–1937",
"text": "De Havilland made her screen debut in Reinhardt's A Midsummer Night's Dream, which was filmed at Warner Brothers studios from December 19, 1934, to March 9, 1935."
}
] |
Olivia de Havilland began her career in the 1930s.
| 0 | 0 |
Olivia de Havilland
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In February 1963 he moved back to Zanzibar where he joined his parents at their flat."
}
] |
WBUeBcLpaD1h5lNrznsh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Queen crest bears a passing resemblance to the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, particularly with the lion supporters."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Continued popularity",
"text": "In the United Kingdom, Queen have now spent more collective weeks on the UK Album Charts than any other musical act (including the Beatles), and Queen's Greatest Hits is the best-selling album of all time in the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Zanzibar was a British protectorate until 1963, Mercury was born a British subject, and on 2 June 1969 was registered a citizen of the United Kingdom and colonies after the family had emigrated to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual orientation",
"text": "I'm not going to elaborate further.\" Homosexual acts between adult males over the age of 21 had been decriminalised in the United Kingdom in 1967, seven years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Solo career",
"text": "Caballé sang it live at the opening of the Olympics with Mercury's part played on a screen, and again before the start of the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final between Manchester United and Bayern Munich in Barcelona."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "Mercury was noted for his live performances, which were often delivered to stadium audiences around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "One of Mercury's most notable performances with Queen took place at Live Aid in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "Queen's performance at the event has since been voted by a group of music executives as the greatest live performance in the history of rock music."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "Freddie, as evidenced by his Dionysian Live Aid performance, was easily the most godlike of them all.\" Queen roadie Peter Hince states, \"It wasn’t just about his voice but the way he commanded the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "Mercury's final live performance with Queen took place on 9 August 1986 at Knebworth Park in England and drew an attendance estimated as high as 160,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In February 1963 he moved back to Zanzibar where he joined his parents at their flat."
}
] |
Freddie Mercury lived in the United Kingdom all his life.
| 2 | 5 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth century in the city of Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra."
}
] |
WC6y89Vc0TCyAyjZmXyt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History and significance",
"text": "Gammon India had undertaken construction work for the gateway."
},
{
"section_header": "History and significance",
"text": "The gateway was built to commemorate the arrival of George V, Emperor of India and Mary of Teck, Empress consort, in India at Apollo Bunder, Mumbai (then Bombay) on 2 December 1911 prior to the Delhi Durbar of 1911; it was the first visit of a British monarch to India."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and jetties",
"text": "The George V statue was sculpted by G. K. Mhatre, who has over 300 sculptures to his credit in India."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism and development",
"text": "The gateway is a protected monument in Maharashtra under the aegis of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After its construction the gateway was used as a symbolic ceremonial entrance to British India for important colonial personnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gateway is also the monument from where the last British troops left India in 1948, following Indian independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth century in the city of Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra."
},
{
"section_header": "History and significance",
"text": "The monument commemorates the legacy of British colonial rule, namely the first visit of a British monarch to India and its use as an entry point for prominent colonial personnel into British India."
},
{
"section_header": "Events and incidents",
"text": "On New Year's Eve, 2007 a woman was groped by a mob at the gateway."
},
{
"section_header": "Events and incidents",
"text": "Following the November 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, which targeted the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel opposite to the gateway, among other locations, crowds of people including news television reporters and cameramen congregated at the gateway premises."
}
] |
Gateway of India is located in New Dehli, India.
| 5 | 7 |
Gateway of India
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Benjamin, their eighth child, was Josiah Franklin's fifteenth child overall, and his tenth and final son."
}
] |
WCV4XdwRd3xZOqSKNovY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | William Franklin",
"text": "After William passed the bar, his father helped him gain an appointment one year later in 1763 as the last Royal Governor of New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life in Boston",
"text": "As a kid growing up along the Charles River, Franklin recalled that he was \"generally the leader among the boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Benjamin, their eighth child, was Josiah Franklin's fifteenth child overall, and his tenth and final son."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin, a Chinese-built French-owned Explorer-class container ship"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "Franklin Field, a football field once home to the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League and the home field of the University of Pennsylvania Quakers since 1895 Philadelphia's Benjamin Franklin Parkway (a major thoroughfare) The Benjamin Franklin Bridge across the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Camden, New Jersey"
},
{
"section_header": "Inventions and scientific inquiries | Population studies",
"text": "Benjamin Franklin, in his capacity as a farmer, wrote at least one critique about the negative consequences of price controls, trade restrictions, and subsidy of the poor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "The Franklin Inn Club, founded in 1902 as a literary society, was one of the four historic gentlemen's clubs in Philadelphia's Center City and was the first to open membership to women in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | William Franklin",
"text": "He himself fathered an illegitimate son, William Temple Franklin, born on the same date, February 22, 1760."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | Common-law marriage to Deborah Read",
"text": "Their son, Francis Folger Franklin, was born in October 1732 and died of smallpox in 1736."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | William Franklin",
"text": "In 1730, 24-year-old Franklin publicly acknowledged the existence of his son William, who was deemed \"illegitimate,\" as he was born out of wedlock, and raised him in his household."
}
] |
Benjamin Franklin was one of fifteen kids and last son.
| 1 | 2 |
Benjamin Franklin
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christopher Mathewson (August 12, 1880 – October 7, 1925), nicknamed \"Big Six\", \"The Christian Gentleman\", \"Matty\", and \"The Gentleman's Hurler\", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher, who played 17 seasons with the New York Giants."
}
] |
WDVuuGIOBN6ORCTHDCnt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career with the Giants",
"text": "Mathewson and Rube Marquard allowed two game-winning home runs to Hall of Famer Frank Baker, earning him the nickname, \"Home Run\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christopher Mathewson (August 12, 1880 – October 7, 1925), nicknamed \"Big Six\", \"The Christian Gentleman\", \"Matty\", and \"The Gentleman's Hurler\", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher, who played 17 seasons with the New York Giants."
}
] |
Christy Mathewson was nicknamed "Big Sticks".
| 2 | 5 |
Christy Mathewson
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Second World War",
"text": "George VI and his wife resolved to stay in London, despite German bombing raids."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War",
"text": "In September 1939, the United Kingdom and the self-governing Dominions other than Ireland declared war on Nazi Germany."
}
] |
WDamGhLfhqLcoVojKkvf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Second World War",
"text": "The King visited military forces abroad in France in December 1939, North Africa and Malta in June 1943, Normandy in June 1944, southern Italy in July 1944, and the Low Countries in October 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The future George VI was born at York Cottage, on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States; it was the first visit of a reigning British monarch to North America, although he had been to Canada prior to his accession."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "The growing likelihood of war in Europe dominated the early reign of George VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War",
"text": "George VI and his wife resolved to stay in London, despite German bombing raids."
},
{
"section_header": "Empire to Commonwealth",
"text": "The prime minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Smuts, was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The George Cross and the George Medal were founded at the King's suggestion during the Second World War to recognise acts of exceptional civilian bravery."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was posthumously awarded the Ordre de la Libération by the French government in 1960, one of only two people (the other being Churchill) to be awarded the medal after 1946.Colin Firth won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance as George VI in The King's Speech, a 2010 film that won the Academy Award for Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "There was no Durbar held in Delhi for George VI, as had occurred for his father, as the cost would have been a burden to the Government of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War",
"text": "\" The royal family were portrayed as sharing the same dangers and deprivations as the rest of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War",
"text": "In September 1939, the United Kingdom and the self-governing Dominions other than Ireland declared war on Nazi Germany."
}
] |
In the autumn of 1939, George VI fled to another city in the north of England during the attacks on the countries capital city.
| 0 | 0 |
George VI
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Jarretts are an upper-middle-class family in suburban Chicago trying to return to normal life after the accidental death of their older teenage son, Buck, and the attempted suicide of their younger and surviving son, Conrad."
}
] |
WDlGW2PmS5D23gokfNDL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story concerns the disintegration of an upper-middle class family in Lake Forest, Illinois, following the accidental death of one of their two sons and the attempted suicide of the other."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Jarretts are an upper-middle-class family in suburban Chicago trying to return to normal life after the accidental death of their older teenage son, Buck, and the attempted suicide of their younger and surviving son, Conrad."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Conrad, however, still struggles to communicate and re-establish a normal relationship with his parents and schoolmates, including Stillman, with whom he gets into a fist fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mother and son often argue while Calvin tries to referee, generally taking Conrad's side for fear of pushing him over the edge again."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "There are no cheap shots against suburban lifestyles or affluence or mannerisms: The problems of the people in this movie aren't caused by their milieu, but grow out of themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A cathartic breakthrough session with Dr. Berger allows Conrad to stop blaming himself for Buck's death and accept his mother's frailties."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Stunned, Beth decides to leave her family rather than deal with her own, or their, emotions."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Calvin and Conrad are left to come to terms with their new family situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Conrad's mother, Beth, denies her loss, hoping to maintain her composure and restore her family to what it once was."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Conrad, who has recently returned home from a four-month stay in a psychiatric hospital, feels alienated from his friends and family and begins seeing a psychiatrist, Dr. Berger."
}
] |
The movie is about a family getting over the sudden death of their male progeny.
| 0 | 0 |
Ordinary People
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell."
}
] |
WE8fDsYU6IEP9B2fY1H1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives won seven Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director (William Wyler), Best Actor (Fredric March),"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Upon its release, The Best Years of Our Lives received extremely positive reviews from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Best Years of Our Lives has a 96% \"Fresh\" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 56 reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio adaptation",
"text": "On April 17, 1949, Screen Directors Playhouse presented The Best Years of Our Lives on NBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "For The Best Years of Our Lives, he asked the principal actors to purchase their own clothes, in order to connect with daily life and produce an authentic feeling."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In The Best Years of Our Lives cinematographer Gregg Toland used deep focus photography, in which objects both close to and distant from the camera are in sharp focus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Popular response",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives was a massive commercial success, earning an estimated $11.5 million at the US and Canadian box office during its initial theatrical run however"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1989, The Best Years of Our Lives was one of the first 25 films selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Several decades later, film critic David Thomson offered tempered praise: \"I would concede that Best Years is decent and humane... acutely observed, despite being so meticulous a package."
}
] |
The Best Years of Our Lives is a musical.
| 1 | 3 |
The Best Years of Our Lives
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 1975 numerous large-scale restoration projects have been undertaken; the latest is expected to finish in 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Greek: Παρθενώνας, Parthenónas, [parθeˈnonas]) is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron."
}
] |
WEPKzEQUvk1nYR7qLM54
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "In 1975, the Greek government began a concerted effort to restore the Parthenon and other Acropolis structures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 1975 numerous large-scale restoration projects have been undertaken; the latest is expected to finish in 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "These were dismantled, and a careful process of restoration began."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Greek: Παρθενώνας, Parthenónas, [parθeˈnonas]) is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Older Parthenon",
"text": "This inspired American archaeologist William Bell Dinsmoor to attempt to supply limiting dates for the temple platform and the five walls hidden under the re-terracing of the Acropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Present building",
"text": "The Parthenon was built under the general supervision of the artist Phidias, who also had charge of the sculptural decoration."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Older Parthenon",
"text": "The Older or Pre-Parthenon, as it is frequently referred to, was still under construction when the Persians sacked the city in 480 BC and razed the Acropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history | Late antiquity",
"text": "It is suggested to have occurred in c. 481–484, in the instructions against the remaining temples by order of Emperor Zeno, because the temple had been the focus of Pagan Hellenic opposition against Zeno in Athens in support of Illus, who had promised to restore Hellenic rites to the temples that were still standing."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history | Islamic mosque",
"text": "The Turks may have briefly restored the Parthenon to the Greek Orthodox Christians for continued use as a church."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Older Parthenon",
"text": "Further, Dinsmoor denied that there were two proto-Parthenons, and held that the only pre-Periclean temple was what Dörpfeld referred to as Parthenon II."
}
] |
The Parthenon is a former temple and has been under restoration since 1975.
| 0 | 0 |
Parthenon
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary | The Creature's narrative",
"text": "Nevertheless, he approached the family in hopes of becoming their friend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | The Creature's narrative",
"text": "Initially he was able to befriend the blind father figure of the family, but the rest of them were frightened and they all fled their home, resulting in the Creature leaving, disappointed."
}
] |
WEPiBiy6DcsTSq8GddB3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Author's background",
"text": "Shelley grew a close attachment to her father having never known her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Victor Frankenstein's narrative",
"text": "After a four-month recovery, he receives a letter from his father notifying him of the murder of his brother William."
},
{
"section_header": "Author's background | Literary influences",
"text": "Her father was famous for Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and her mother famous for A Vindication of the Rights of Woman."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "One of the most intimate friends of Victor's father. Caroline Beaufort – Beaufort's daughter, Victor's mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Author's background | Literary influences",
"text": "The loss of her mother, the relationship with her father, and the death of her first child created the monster and his separation from parental guidance."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Moved in with the Frankenstein family at age of 12, and hanged for the murder of William."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | The Creature",
"text": "The creature has often been mistakenly called \"Frankenstein\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Victor Frankenstein's narrative",
"text": "Eventually, he undertakes the creation of a humanoid, but due to the difficulty in replicating the minute parts of the human body, Victor makes the Creature tall, about 8 feet (2.4 m) in height and proportionally large."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "It was after midnight before they retired, and unable to sleep, she became possessed by her imagination as she beheld the \"grim terrors\" of her \"waking dream\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | The Creature",
"text": "During a telling of Frankenstein, Shelley referred to the creature as \"Adam\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | The Creature's narrative",
"text": "Nevertheless, he approached the family in hopes of becoming their friend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | The Creature's narrative",
"text": "Initially he was able to befriend the blind father figure of the family, but the rest of them were frightened and they all fled their home, resulting in the Creature leaving, disappointed."
}
] |
The creature in Frankenstein terrorizes a mother and father and their children, eventually murdering them.
| 0 | 0 |
Frankenstein
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Yet, making an observation that would revisit the franchise with its next film, he felt that the film was surprisingly violent and bloody for a PG-rated film."
}
] |
WEYZFytycCm8Zq80M7it
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "At the time of its release Raiders of the Lost Ark was highly acclaimed by critics and audiences alike."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "The site's critical consensus stating: \"Featuring bravura set pieces, sly humor, and white-knuckle action, Raiders of the Lost Ark is one of the most consummately entertaining adventure pictures of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "\"Assessing the film's legacy in 1997, Bernard Weinraub, film critic for The New York Times, which had initially reviewed the film as \"deliriously funny, ingenious, and stylish,\" maintained that \"the decline in the traditional family G-rated film, for 'general' audiences, probably began\" with the appearance of Raiders of"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Christopher John reviewed Raiders of the Lost Ark in Ares Magazine #9 and commented that \"The film is as devoid of profound messages as was Star Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raiders of the Lost Ark (later marketed as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark) is a 1981 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Lawrence Kasdan from a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 95% \"Certified Fresh\" rating based on 79 reviews, with an average rating of 9.26/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The outer package was labeled Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark for consistency with the film's prequel and its sequel."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "With four illustrators, Raiders of the Lost Ark was Spielberg's most storyboarded film of his career to date, further helping the film economically."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Merchandise",
"text": "The only video game based exclusively on the film is Raiders of the Lost Ark, released in 1982 by Atari for their Atari 2600 console."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Raiders of the Lost Ark, made on an $20 million budget, grossed $384 million worldwide throughout its theatrical releases."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Yet, making an observation that would revisit the franchise with its next film, he felt that the film was surprisingly violent and bloody for a PG-rated film."
}
] |
Raiders of the Lost Ark was criticized by some for being too mature for younger audience, for whom it was rated.
| 3 | 6 |
Raiders of the Lost Ark
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Filming | Vietnam and the Russian roulette scenes",
"text": "According to Cimino, De Niro requested a live cartridge in the revolver for the scene in which he subjects John Cazale's character to an impromptu game of Russian roulette, to heighten the intensity of the situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Filming | Vietnam and the Russian roulette scenes",
"text": "Cazale agreed without protest, but obsessively rechecked the gun before each take to make sure that the live round wasn't next in the chamber."
}
] |
WEoRkcO1R7zLywZa8zx3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-production | Sound design",
"text": "The Deer Hunter was Cimino's first film to use Dolby noise-reduction system."
},
{
"section_header": "Filming | Hunting the deer",
"text": "The first deer to be shot was depicted in a \"gruesome close-up\", although he was hit with a tranquilizer dart."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Revisionism following Heaven's Gate",
"text": "Canby said in his famous review of Heaven's Gate, \"[The film] fails so completely that you might suspect Mr. Cimino sold his soul to the Devil to obtain the success of The Deer Hunter, and the Devil has just come around to collect.\" Andrew Sarris wrote in his review of Heaven's Gate, \"I'm a little surprised that many of the same critics who lionized Cimino for The Deer Hunter have now thrown him to the wolves with equal enthusiasm.\" Sarris added, \"I was never taken in ... Hence, the stupidity and incoherence in Heaven's Gate came as no surprise since very much"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards | Lead-up to awards season",
"text": "Film producer and \"old-fashioned mogul\" Allan Carr used his networking abilities to promote The Deer Hunter. \" Exactly how Allan Carr came into The Deer Hunter's orbit I can no longer remember,\" recalled producer Deeley, \"but the picture became a crusade to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Controversy over Russian roulette | Cast and crew response",
"text": "It was something very different."
},
{
"section_header": "Filming",
"text": "This was the first feature film depicting the Vietnam War to be filmed on location in Thailand."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-production",
"text": "The movie was endless. It was The Deer Hunter and the Hunter and the Hunter."
},
{
"section_header": "Filming",
"text": "The Deer Hunter began principal photography on June 20, 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top-ten lists",
"text": "Ebert also placed Deer Hunter on his list of the best films of the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Pre-production | Development",
"text": "The trick would be to find a way to turn a very clever piece of writing into a practical, realizable film."
},
{
"section_header": "Filming | Vietnam and the Russian roulette scenes",
"text": "According to Cimino, De Niro requested a live cartridge in the revolver for the scene in which he subjects John Cazale's character to an impromptu game of Russian roulette, to heighten the intensity of the situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Filming | Vietnam and the Russian roulette scenes",
"text": "Cazale agreed without protest, but obsessively rechecked the gun before each take to make sure that the live round wasn't next in the chamber."
}
] |
The Deer Hunter was filmed in a very safe and controlled environment where the actors' corporeal integrity came first.
| 0 | 0 |
The Deer Hunter
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the mass media during the 1960s and 1970s."
}
] |
WFBuinI5K3htcZuj5lnD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Work | Coming of Age in Samoa (1928)",
"text": "In a 2009 evaluation of the debate, anthropologist Paul Shankman concluded that: There is now a large body of criticism of Freeman's work from a number of perspectives in which Mead, Samoa, and anthropology appear in a very different light than they do in Freeman's work."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Eastern Anthropology. Eastern Anthropology. 37 Eastern Anthropology. Eastern Anthropology. 37 : 183–214. Bateson, Mary Catherine. (1984) With a Daughter's Eye: A Memoir of Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, New York: William Morrow."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" The Margaret Mead Controversy: Culture, Biology, and Anthropological Inquiry\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Other research areas",
"text": "Mead worked for the RAND Corporation,"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Shankman, Paul (2009). The Trashing of Margaret Mead: Anatomy of an Anthropological Controversy."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Current Anthropology. Current Anthropology. 32 (4): 263–282."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and later life",
"text": "The first, released in 1959, An Interview With Margaret Mead, explored the topics of morals and anthropology."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Histories of Anthropology Annual."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and later life",
"text": "She served as president of the Society for Applied Anthropology in 1950 and of the American Anthropological Association in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Coming of Age in Samoa (1928)",
"text": "In 1983, five years after Mead had died, New Zealand anthropologist Derek Freeman published Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth, in which he challenged Mead's major findings about sexuality in Samoan society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the mass media during the 1960s and 1970s."
}
] |
Mead is mostly known for her work in anthropology.
| 2 | 8 |
Margaret Mead
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Joan was illiterate and it is believed that her letters were dictated by her to scribes and she signed her letters with the help of others."
}
] |
WFJd7y6a9882A1NN5ook
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "World War I songs include \"Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You\", and \"Joan of Arc's Answer Song\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Alleged relics",
"text": "\"Remains found under the stake of Joan of Arc, virgin of Orleans."
},
{
"section_header": "Revisionist theories",
"text": "The standard accounts of the life of Joan of Arc have been challenged by revisionist authors."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Military campaigns",
"text": "The appearance of Joan of Arc at Orléans coincided with a sudden change in the pattern of the siege."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous events | Canonization",
"text": "Joan of Arc became a symbol of the Catholic League during the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Joan of Arc became a semi-legendary figure for the four centuries after her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Revisionist theories",
"text": "Claims include: that Joan of Arc was not actually burned at the stake; that she was secretly the half sister of King Charles VII; that she was not a true Christian but a member of a pagan cult; and that most of the story of Joan of Arc is actually a myth."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Joan of Arc gained favor in the court of King Charles VII, who accepted her as sane."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc pronounced [ʒan daʁk]; c. 1412 – 30 May 1431),"
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "John Hughes rejected the idea that Joan of Arc suffered from epilepsy in an article in the academic journal Epilepsy & Behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Joan was illiterate and it is believed that her letters were dictated by her to scribes and she signed her letters with the help of others."
}
] |
Joan of Arc could not read.
| 0 | 0 |
Joan of Arc
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Competitive record | FIFA World Cup",
"text": "Brazil has qualified for every FIFA World Cup they entered, never requiring a qualifying play-off."
}
] |
WFZ0dECLg0hQkKZgXu8s
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present)",
"text": "In the 2006 World Cup, Brazil won its first two games against Croatia (1–0) and Australia (2–0)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present)",
"text": "At the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, Brazil won their first two matches against North Korea (2–1) and the Ivory Coast (3–1), respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present)",
"text": "Two years later, Brazil won the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, defeating the U.S. 3–2 in the final, to seal their third Confederations Cup title."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Current squad",
"text": "The following 24 players were called up on 6 March 2020 for the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Bolivia and Peru."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present) | Tite era (2016–)",
"text": "They won their final group game 2–0 over Serbia with goals from Paulinho and Thiago Silva, meaning qualification for the last 16 as group winners."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Return to winning ways (1994–2002)",
"text": "The final was between Germany and Brazil in Yokohama, where Ronaldo scored two goals in Brazil's 2–0 triumph."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present) | Return of Luiz Felipe Scolari (2013–14) | 2014 World Cup",
"text": "In the opening match of the 2014 World Cup against Croatia, two goals from Neymar and one from Oscar saw the Seleção off to a winning start in their first World Cup on home soil in 64 years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present) | Return of Luiz Felipe Scolari (2013–14) | 2014 World Cup",
"text": "The team then drew with Mexico, before confirming qualification to the knockout stage by defeating Cameroon 4–1 with Neymar again scoring twice, and Fred and Fernandinho providing further goals."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Return to winning ways (1994–2002)",
"text": "A game played in searing heat which ended as a goalless draw, with Italy's defence led by Franco Baresi keeping out Romário, penalty kicks loomed, and Brazil became champions with Roberto Baggio missing Italy's last penalty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present)",
"text": "On 4 July 2012, due to a lack of competitive matches because the team had automatically qualified for the 2014 World Cup as tournament hosts, Brazil was ranked 11th in the FIFA ranking."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitive record | FIFA World Cup",
"text": "Brazil has qualified for every FIFA World Cup they entered, never requiring a qualifying play-off."
}
] |
Brazil has only missed qualification for two World Cup tournaments.
| 0 | 0 |
Brazil national football team
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Education",
"text": "Bush became a member of the Skull and Bones society as a senior."
}
] |
WFo8Ny8IK8AP8XSCENLk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (2009–present) | Art",
"text": "The net proceeds from his book are donated to the George W. Bush Presidential Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Early political involvement",
"text": "The retiring member, George H. Mahon, had held the district for the Democratic Party since 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "In mass culture",
"text": "W. (2008) – a biographical drama film directed by Oliver Stone, in which George W. Bush is portrayed by Josh Brolin. Vice (2018) – a biographical comedy-drama film written and directed by Adam McKay, in which George W. Bush is portrayed by Sam Rockwell, who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Reception",
"text": "The George W. Bush presidency has been ranked among the worst in surveys of presidential scholars published in the late 2000s and 2010s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into the Bush family, his father, George H. W. Bush, served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "In mass culture",
"text": "Saturday Night Live (2000–2009) – Comedian Will Ferrell played a satirical caricature of George W. Bush on the show for many years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bush is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush, and the second son to become the American president after his father, the first being John Quincy Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (2009–present) | Publications and appearances",
"text": "\"In 2012, he wrote the foreword of The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs, an economics book published by the George W. Bush Presidential Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (2001–2009) | Cultural and political image | Acknowledgments and dedications",
"text": "In 2012, Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves awarded Bush the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana for his work in expanding NATO.Two elementary schools are named after him: George W. Bush Elementary School of the Stockton Unified School District in Stockton, California, and George W. Bush Elementary School of the Wylie Independent School District in St. Paul, Texas, in the Dallas-Fort Worth area."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (2001–2009) | Cultural and political image | Domestic | Job approval",
"text": "In 2000 and again in 2004, Time magazine named George W. Bush as its Person of the Year, a title awarded to someone who the editors believe \"has done the most to influence the events of the year\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Education",
"text": "Bush became a member of the Skull and Bones society as a senior."
}
] |
George W. Bush was a member of a secret group in college.
| 3 | 7 |
George W. Bush
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 60-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania in 1960.She"
}
] |
WGYSe5e42E1h8aM7yxGo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2002, she was named a UN Messenger of Peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 60-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania in 1960.She"
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Research at Gombe Stream National Park",
"text": "Goodall is best known for her study of chimpanzee social and family life."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition | Honours",
"text": "In April 2002, Secretary-General Kofi Annan named Goodall a United Nations Messenger of Peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Research at Gombe Stream National Park",
"text": "Goodall's research at Gombe Stream is best known to the scientific community for challenging two long-standing beliefs of the day: that only humans could construct and use tools, and that chimpanzees were vegetarians."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Research at Gombe Stream National Park",
"text": "\" These findings suggest that similarities between humans and chimpanzees exist in more than genes alone and can be seen in emotion, intelligence, and family and social relationships."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Craig Stanford of the Jane Goodall Research Institute at the University of Southern California states that researchers conducting studies with no artificial provisioning have a difficult time viewing any social behaviour of chimpanzees, especially those related to inter-group conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Goodall used unconventional practices in her study; for example, naming individuals instead of numbering them."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Jane Goodall Institute",
"text": "In 1977, Goodall established the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which supports the Gombe research, and she is a global leader in the effort to protect chimpanzees and their habitats."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Research at Gombe Stream National Park",
"text": "Goodall also set herself apart from the traditional conventions of the time by naming the animals in her studies of primates instead of assigning each a number."
}
] |
Jane Goodall is best known for her 60-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees, and was named UN Messenger of Peace in 2002.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Goodall
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "You still ain't called me ... Jay-Z, I know you got killers."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "Please don't send them at my head."
}
] |
WGxeV7yGaFJYgpYFsHdb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "In his debut album, over a decade ago, Kanye issued what amounted to a social critique and a call to arms (with a beat): \"We rappers is role models: we rap, we don't think."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "\" But Kanye does think. Constantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "\" West has been attributed to the commercial decline of the gangsta rap that once dominated mainstream hip-hop."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kanye Omari West was born on June 8, 1977, in Douglasville, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "He said, \"All good. Kanye West, I got super respect for Kanye."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–17: The Life of Pablo and tour cancellation",
"text": "He stayed hospitalized over the Thanksgiving weekend because of a temporary psychosis stemming from sleep deprivation and extreme dehydration."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2003–06: The College Dropout and Late Registration",
"text": "Once he had completed the album, it was leaked months before its release date."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | General media",
"text": "It was just an idea. Once again I am being attacked for presenting new ideas\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "Over the course of his career, West has been responsible for cultural movements and musical progressions within mainstream hip-hop and popular music at large."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Acting and filmmaking",
"text": "We Were Once a Fairytale (2009), playing himself acting belligerently while drunk in a nightclub."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "You still ain't called me ... Jay-Z, I know you got killers."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "Please don't send them at my head."
}
] |
Kanye once feared for his life over Jay-Z's assassins.
| 2 | 4 |
Kanye West
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Molière wrote Tartuffe in 1664."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The play is written entirely in twelve-syllable lines (alexandrines) of rhyming couplets - 1,962 lines in all."
}
] |
WH0k9m2BiwHjFRosQBzc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production history | Modern productions",
"text": "Since Molière's time, Tartuffe has stayed on the repertoire of the Comédie-Française, where it is its most performed play."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Modern productions",
"text": "The authors created their own rhymed verse in the Molière tradition."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The play is written entirely in twelve-syllable lines (alexandrines) of rhyming couplets - 1,962 lines in all."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "In 1669, after Molière's detractors lost much of their influence, he was finally allowed to perform the final version of his play."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Even throughout Molière's conflict with the church, Louis XIV continued to support the playwright; it is possible that without the King's support, Molière might have been excommunicated."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "The Hypocrite translated from original French by Justin Fleming in 2014 and earlier for Melbourne Theatre Company in 2008, with uniquely varied rhyming verse forms."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Modern productions",
"text": "In July/August 2014, Tartuffe was performed by Bell Shakespeare Company with a modern Australian twist, translated from the original French by Justin Fleming, at the Sydney Opera House Drama Theatre and earlier at the Melbourne Theatre Company in 2008, with uniquely varied rhyming verse forms."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "Adaptation in English rhyming couplets set in London in 2017 by Andrew Hilton and Dominic Power, premiered by Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory and Tobacco Factory Theatres in Bristol, April–May 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "The factions opposed to Molière's work included part of the hierarchy of the French Roman Catholic Church, members of upper-class French society, and the illegal underground organization called the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "While the king had little personal interest in suppressing the play, he did so because, as stated in the official account of the fête: \"... although it was found to be extremely diverting, the king recognized so much conformity between those that a true devotion leads on the path to heaven and those that a vain ostentation of some good works does not prevent from committing some bad ones, that his extreme delicacy to religious matters can not suffer this resemblance of vice to virtue, which could be mistaken for each other; although one does not doubt the good intentions of the author, even so he forbids it in public, and deprived himself of this pleasure, in order not to allow it to be abused by others, less capable of making a just discernment of it.\" As a result of Molière's play, contemporary French and English both use the word \"Tartuffe\" to designate a hypocrite who ostensibly and exaggeratedly feigns virtue, especially religious virtue."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Molière wrote Tartuffe in 1664."
}
] |
In Molière's Tartuffe, the dialogue rhymes.
| 0 | 5 |
Tartuffe
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Miller was born in The Bronx on April 14, 1917, and grew up in Flatbush, Brooklyn, rooting for the Brooklyn Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Under Miller's direction, the players' union was transformed into one of the strongest unions in the United States."
}
] |
WHfrBdL7WVUXRW7EqZB4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Marvin, without question, is largely responsible for ushering in the modern era of sports, which has resulted in tremendous benefits to players, owners and fans of all sports."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Alexander, was a salesman for a clothing company on the Lower East Side in Manhattan; and, as a youngster, Marvin walked a picket line in a union organizing drive."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "That's the least they owe Marvin Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "End of the reserve clause",
"text": "In 1974, Miller used arbitration to resolve a dispute when Oakland Athletics owner Charlie Finley failed to make an annuity payment as required by Cy Young Award winning pitcher Catfish Hunter's contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball Players Association",
"text": "At the United Steelworkers union, Miller worked his way up to be its leading economist and negotiator."
},
{
"section_header": "Curt Flood",
"text": "Meanwhile, Miller took his union on a \"lightning\" strike on April Fools' Day 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Therefore Marvin Miller should be in the Hall of Fame on that basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Under Miller's direction, the players' union was transformed into one of the strongest unions in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Working with MLBPA general counsel, Richard M. Moss, Miller educated the players to trade-union thinking."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "It is an insult to baseball fans, historians, sportswriters, and especially to those baseball players who sacrificed and brought the game into the 21st century."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Miller was born in The Bronx on April 14, 1917, and grew up in Flatbush, Brooklyn, rooting for the Brooklyn Dodgers."
}
] |
Marvin Miller was the head of a union in the U.S. and as a kid he was a Dodgers' fan.
| 0 | 3 |
Marvin Miller
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He had two younger sisters, Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother, Johann Heinrich."
}
] |
WHnHyDqVsGZkHG9aOdvJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Selected bibliography",
"text": "Euler, Leonhard (2015). Elements of Algebra."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, Switzerland, where Leonhard spent most of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Number theory",
"text": "Fermat's little theorem, Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares, and he made distinct contributions to Lagrange's four-square theorem."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Return to Russia and death",
"text": "In 1785, the Russian Academy of Sciences put a marble bust of Leonhard Euler on a pedestal next to the Director's seat and, in 1837, placed a headstone on Euler's grave."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" Leonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland, to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite née Brucker, another pastor's daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Paul was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli, then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At that time Euler's main studies included theology, Greek and Hebrew at his father's urging to become a pastor, but Bernoulli convinced his father that Leonhard was destined to become a great mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leonhard Euler ( OY-lər; German: [ˈɔʏlɐ] (listen); 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected bibliography",
"text": "Euler has an extensive bibliography."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Number theory",
"text": "Euler proved Newton's identities,"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He had two younger sisters, Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother, Johann Heinrich."
}
] |
Leonhard Euler had four siblings.
| 2 | 5 |
Leonhard Euler
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story follows the experiences of seven children as they are terrorized by an evil entity that exploits the fears of its victims to disguise itself while hunting its prey."
}
] |
WHrmVeZWvMj6cnQcn4bd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "However, Hendrix identified this moment as \"in a sense, the heart of the book\" and a thematic demonstration of the crossing from childhood to adulthood, and concluded that it is \"a way for King to tell kids that sex, even unplanned sex, even sex"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story follows the experiences of seven children as they are terrorized by an evil entity that exploits the fears of its victims to disguise itself while hunting its prey."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | 1957–1958",
"text": "Deeming the Losers a threat, It provides Bowers with a switchblade while manipulating him into murdering his abusive father and recruiting his friends Victor \"Vic\" Criss and Reginald \"Belch\" Huggins into helping him follow the Losers into the sewers to kill them."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Christopher Lehman-Haupt of The New York Times noted that It \"concerns the evil that has haunted America from time to time in the forms of crime, racial and religious bigotry, economic hardship, labor strife and industrial pollution\", and that the novel's setting \"is a museum filled with the popular culture of the 1950s: brand names, rock 'n' roll songs and stars, the jokes and routines of childhood in that era\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | 1957–1958",
"text": "The following June, an overweight eleven-year-old boy named Ben Hanscom is harassed by a bully named Henry Bowers and his gang, escaping into the marshy wasteland known as the Barrens when attacked by his tormentors on the last day of school."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | 1957–1958",
"text": "In the sewers, Bill performs the \"Ritual of Chüd\" he learned to face It in the Macroverse where he meets the monster's antithesis Maturin, an ancient turtle that created the universe (which it vomited up following a stomach-ache), who explains that It can only be defeated during a battle of wills."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The most prominent notions of fear in the novel come from the Losers' Club themselves: their home lives, the things that have made them pariahs.\" On December 13, 2011, Cemetery Dance published a special limited edition of It for the 25th anniversary of the novel (ISBN 978-1-58767-270-5) in three editions: an unsigned limited gift edition of 2,750, a signed limited edition of 750, and a signed and lettered limited edition of 52."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | 1957–1958",
"text": "Following further encounters with It, the Losers construct a makeshift smoke hole that Richie and Mike use to hallucinate It's origins as an ancient alien entity that came to Earth in a meteor and feeds on children for a year before entering a 27-year-long hibernation."
}
] |
It follows 5 kids as they are haunted by a wicked spirit.
| 2 | 4 |
It (novel)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The capital of Paris was besieged, and fell on 28 January 1871, after which a revolutionary uprising called the Paris Commune seized power in the city and held it for two months, until it was bloodily suppressed by the regular French army at the end of May 1871."
},
{
"section_header": "War of the Government of National Defence | Siege of Paris",
"text": "Prussian forces commenced the Siege of Paris on 19 September 1870."
}
] |
WIcs33FQvX9uM1r5NfAS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Subsequent events | Paris Commune",
"text": "During the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government."
},
{
"section_header": "War of the Government of National Defence | Siege of Paris",
"text": "Prussian forces commenced the Siege of Paris on 19 September 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "War of the Government of National Defence | Siege of Paris",
"text": "These new bodies of troops were to march towards Paris and attack the Germans there from various directions at the same time."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent events | Paris Commune",
"text": "The red flag replaced the French tricolour and a civil war began between the Commune and the regular army, which attacked and recaptured Paris from 21–28 May in the Semaine Sanglante (bloody week).During the fighting, the Communards killed around 500 people, including Georges Darboy, the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Analysis",
"text": "The French railway system, with competing companies, had developed purely from commercial pressures and many journeys to the front in Alsace and Lorraine involved long diversions and frequent changes between trains."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent events | Paris Commune",
"text": "The national government and regular army forces retreated to Versailles and a revolutionary government was proclaimed in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent events | Paris Commune",
"text": "National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31 October 1870 and 22 January 1871."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent events | Paris Commune",
"text": "More recent histories, based on studies of the number buried in Paris cemeteries and in mass graves after the fall of the Commune, put the number killed at between 6,000 and 10,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent events | German unification and power",
"text": "Although Britain remained the dominant world power overall, British involvement in European affairs during the late 19th century was limited, owing to its focus on colonial empire-building, allowing Germany to exercise great influence over the European mainland."
},
{
"section_header": "War of the Government of National Defence | Government of National Defence",
"text": "As the bulk of the remaining French armies were digging-in near Paris, the German leaders decided to put pressure upon the enemy by attacking Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The capital of Paris was besieged, and fell on 28 January 1871, after which a revolutionary uprising called the Paris Commune seized power in the city and held it for two months, until it was bloodily suppressed by the regular French army at the end of May 1871."
}
] |
The Franco-Prussian War involved the seige of Paris.
| 0 | 0 |
Franco-Prussian War
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "Johnson also fined and suspended players who used foul language on the field."
}
] |
WJKMw6ID1uAbm25ACopw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To encourage a more orderly environment, Johnson strongly supported the new league's umpires, which eventually included Hall of Famer Billy Evans."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "During this time, Johnson befriended Charles Comiskey, who was then manager of the Cincinnati Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Byron Bancroft \"Ban\" Johnson (January 5, 1864 – March 28, 1931) was an American executive in professional baseball who served as the founder and first president of the American League (AL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Will Harridge, who succeeded to the AL presidency in 1931, summed up Johnson's legacy: \"He was the most brilliant man the game has ever known."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Eventually, the league divided into two factions, with the Red Sox, White Sox and New York Yankees on one side (commonly known as \"The Insurrectos\") and the other five clubs (the Indians, Philadelphia Athletics, St. Louis Browns, Detroit Tigers and Washington Senators, known as the \"Loyal Five\") on the other."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "Contrary to the practice of the time, Johnson gave his umpires unqualified support and had little tolerance for players or managers who failed to show them due respect."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "Soon, the Western League was recognized as not only the strongest minor league, but also as the most effectively managed league in all of baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the American League",
"text": "their manager Franklin was told right up to Jan. 29, 1901, that \"Buffalo was in the league and not to worry\", Ban Johnson unceremoniously dumped Buffalo and placed the franchise in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With the help of league owners and managers such as Charles Comiskey, Charles Somers and Jimmy McAleer, Johnson lured top talent to the AL, which soon rivaled the more established National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Frank Navin served as acting president of the American League until the owners selected Indians general manager Ernest Barnard as president."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "Johnson also fined and suspended players who used foul language on the field."
}
] |
Byron "Ban" Johnson was known for spouting vulgar slang, a habit he encouraged in his management positions.
| 2 | 2 |
Ban Johnson
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India."
}
] |
WJYjrZL9KEPU52MqP4tU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is located on Altamount Road, Cumballa Hill in Mumbai."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "The sale proceeded and the building was built."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming",
"text": "The building is named after the mythical island Antillia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its controversial design and ostentatious use by a single family has made it infamous in India and beyond, including severe criticism in the architectural press and mockery in popular media."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In regards to the three helipads, the Indian Navy said it will not allow the construction of helipads on Mumbai buildings, while the Environment Ministry, following a representation from Awaaz Foundation, said the helipads violate local noise laws."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Antilia started building in 2006 and was built in consultation with US architecture firms Perkins and Will & Hirsch Bedner Associates, with the Australian-based construction company Leighton Contractors initially taking charge of its construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & Company Ltd. The home has 27 floors with extra-high ceilings. (Other buildings of equivalent height may have as many as 60 floors.) The home was also designed to survive an earthquake rated 8 on the Richter scale."
}
] |
The building is located in India.
| 0 | 0 |
Antilia (building)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "Čabrinović threw a grenade at the car but missed."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "A group of six assassins (Cvjetko Popović, Gavrilo Princip, Muhamed Mehmedbašić, Nedeljko Čabrinović, Trifko Grabež, and Vaso Čubrilović) from the Yugoslavist group Mlada Bosna, supplied with arms by the Serbian Black Hand, gathered on the street where the Archduke's motorcade was to pass, with the intention of assassinating him."
}
] |
WJbVjJRN2JAa85nMl5q3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, visited the Bosnian capital, Sarajevo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "About an hour later, when Ferdinand was returning from a visit at the Sarajevo Hospital with those wounded in the assassination attempt, the convoy took a wrong turn into a street where, by coincidence, Princip stood."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "The other assassins failed to act as the cars drove past them."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "With a pistol, Princip shot and killed Ferdinand and his wife Sophie."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "Although they were reportedly not personally close, the Emperor Franz Joseph was profoundly shocked and upset."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "As historian Zbyněk Zeman later wrote, \"the event almost failed to make any impression whatsoever."
},
{
"section_header": "Progress of the war | 1917–1918 | Developments in 1917",
"text": "Italy opposed the proposals. When the negotiations failed, his attempt was revealed to Germany, resulting in a diplomatic catastrophe."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "A group of six assassins (Cvjetko Popović, Gavrilo Princip, Muhamed Mehmedbašić, Nedeljko Čabrinović, Trifko Grabež, and Vaso Čubrilović) from the Yugoslavist group Mlada Bosna, supplied with arms by the Serbian Black Hand, gathered on the street where the Archduke's motorcade was to pass, with the intention of assassinating him."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's South Slav provinces, which Austria-Hungary had annexed from the Ottoman Empire, so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "Čabrinović threw a grenade at the car but missed."
}
] |
There was a first assassination attempt of Archduke Franz Ferdinand that failed.
| 0 | 0 |
World War I
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected twice to the New York State Assembly (1784–1785 and 1798–1799), was appointed Attorney General of New York (1789–1791), was chosen as a U.S. senator (1791–1797) from the State of New York."
}
] |
WK7aSPdmNpy4Uwfluiwx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Law and politics",
"text": "Burr served in the New York State Assembly from 1784 to 1785."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and politics",
"text": "\" Burr was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1798 and served there through 1799."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected twice to the New York State Assembly (1784–1785 and 1798–1799), was appointed Attorney General of New York (1789–1791), was chosen as a U.S. senator (1791–1797) from the State of New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Character",
"text": "In 1784 as a New York state assemblyman, Burr unsuccessfully sought to abolish slavery immediately following the American Revolutionary War."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and politics | The presidential election of 1800",
"text": "The City of New York elected assembly members on an at-large basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and politics | New York City politics",
"text": "Before the establishment of Burr's bank, the Federalists held a monopoly on banking interests in New York via the federal government's Bank of the United States and Hamilton's Bank of New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and politics | The presidential election of 1800",
"text": "Before the April 1800 legislative elections, the State Assembly was controlled by the Federalists."
},
{
"section_header": "Character",
"text": "Not only did Burr advocate education for women, upon his election to the New York State Legislature, he submitted a bill to allow women to vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and politics | New York City politics",
"text": "Burr converted it from a social club into a political machine to help Jefferson reach the presidency, particularly in crowded New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He remained overseas until 1812 when he returned to the United States to practice law in New York City."
}
] |
Burr was in the New York State Assembly in 1784.
| 0 | 0 |
Aaron Burr
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields."
}
] |
WKGXUzMoHqFMV6QkvY6j
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "International recognition for her work had been growing to new heights, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, overcoming opposition prompted by the Langevin scandal, honoured her a second time, with the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New life in Paris",
"text": "That same year Pierre Curie entered her life; it was their mutual interest in natural sciences that drew them together."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Marie Curie was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "During the French Academy of Sciences elections, she was vilified by the right-wing press as a foreigner and atheist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "A month after accepting her 1911 Nobel Prize, she was hospitalised with depression and a kidney ailment."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Despite Curie's fame as a scientist working for France, the public's attitude tended toward xenophobia—the same that had led to the Dreyfus affair—which also fuelled false speculation that Curie was Jewish."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Nevertheless, in 1911 the French Academy of Sciences failed, by one or two votes, to elect her to membership in the Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "\" She was the first person to win or share two Nobel Prizes, and remains alone with Linus Pauling as Nobel laureates in two fields each."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields."
}
] |
Maria Sklodowka-Curie won multiple Nobel Prizes for the same science category.
| 3 | 4 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is one of only six players to win the American League Most Valuable Player Award three times."
}
] |
WKLhbmdrj1m9RgnGIx0a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "He won the American League (AL) MVP award in 1951, 1954, and 1955"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is one of only six players to win the American League Most Valuable Player Award three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Playing style",
"text": "As a catcher Berra was outstanding: quick, mobile, and a great handler of pitchers, Berra led all American League catchers eight times in games caught and in chances accepted, six times in double plays (a major-league record), eight times in putouts, three times in assists, and once in fielding percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was an 18-time All-Star and won 10 World Series championships as a player—more than any other player in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "In Game 3 of the 1947 World Series, Berra hit the first pinch-hit home run in World Series history, off"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "; Berra never finished lower than fourth in the MVP voting from 1950 to 1957."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "He received MVP votes in 15 consecutive seasons, tied with Barry Bonds and second only to Hank Aaron's 19 straight seasons with MVP support."
},
{
"section_header": "Other activities",
"text": "was a recipient of the Boy Scouts of America's highest adult award, the Silver Buffalo Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Presidential Medal of Freedom",
"text": "On November 24, 2015, Berra was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously by President Barack Obama in a ceremony at the White House attended by members of Berra's family, who accepted the award on his behalf."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Coach of New York Mets and Houston Astros",
"text": "the Mets' key players came back to the lineup, a late surge allowed them to win the NL East despite an 82–79 record, making it the only time from 1970 through 1980 that the NL East was not won by either their rival Philadelphia Phillies or the Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] |
Berra won the American League MVP Award 3 times.
| 1 | 4 |
Yogi Berra
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "From April 15 to April 16, the production moved to the Mississippi River valley to depict the FBI and United States Navy's search for the three civil rights workers."
}
] |
WKMPc5LwKpqxzSeTihr3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon release, Mississippi Burning was criticized by activists involved in the civil rights movement and the families of Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner for its fictionalization of events."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Gene Hackman and Willem Dafoe as two FBI agents assigned to investigate the disappearance of three civil rights workers in fictional Jessup County, Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Anderson devises a plan to indict members of the Klan for the murders."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Klan members soon realize that they have been set up, and leave without discussing the murders."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Gerolmo described his original draft script as \"a big, passionate, violent detective story set against the greatest sea-change in American life in the 20th century, the civil rights movement\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversy",
"text": "On a Martin Luther King, On a Martin Luther King, Jr. Day (January 16, 1989) episode of ABC's late-night news program Nightline, Julian Bond, a social activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement, nicknamed the film \"Rambo Meets the Klan\" and disapproved of its depiction of the FBI: \"People are going to have a mistaken idea about that time ... It's just wrong."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "documentary footage detailing how the media covered the murder case."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversy",
"text": "And since she is the film's sole voice of morality, it's right that she is so memorable.\" Following its release, Mississippi Burning became embroiled in controversy over its fictionalization of events."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Klansmen are all charged with civil rights violations, as this can be prosecuted at the federal level."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "From April 15 to April 16, the production moved to the Mississippi River valley to depict the FBI and United States Navy's search for the three civil rights workers."
}
] |
Mississippi Burning covers the disappearance of five klan members during the civil rights movement.
| 0 | 0 |
Mississippi Burning
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Glavine attended Billerica Memorial High School, where he was an excellent student and a letterman in ice hockey as well as baseball."
}
] |
WKjWVvNXBhCNtxxlaONP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Michael Glavine (born March 25, 1966) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Players' union representative",
"text": "Starting in 1991, Tom Glavine served as the Atlanta Braves team representative to the Major League Baseball Players Association, succeeding former NL Most Valuable Player and Braves icon Dale Murphy in the position."
},
{
"section_header": "Players' union representative",
"text": "When play resumed in 1995, Glavine was frequently booed by Braves fans for his role in the players' union and was criticized for it in the local Atlanta press."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Glavine graduated from high school in 1984 with honors."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The program helped equip over 7,000 homeless school children with backpacks full of necessary school supplies."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Glavine attended Billerica Memorial High School, where he was an excellent student and a letterman in ice hockey as well as baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He was elected to the Billerica Memorial/Howe High School Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "Glavine's postseason scoreless innings streak ended in his next start."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Atlanta Braves (1987–2002)",
"text": "In Game 6, he pitched eight innings of one-hit shutout baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "He pitched 6⅓ innings and won 8–3, bringing his lifetime record to 300–197."
}
] |
Thomas Michael Glavine was a basketball player in secondary school.
| 0 | 0 |
Tom Glavine
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His pitching skills led to his being called \"Candy\", a popular 19th-century nickname for a man who was the best at his craft."
}
] |
WKptsPjh8MstMsXgJcWa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Among other records, Cummings was the first player to record two complete games in one day: September 9, 1876 when he beat the Cincinnati Reds twice, 14–4 and 8–4.Cummings left the NL after pitching only 19 games with the Cincinnati Reds to become the President of the new International Association for Professional Base Ball Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Arthur \"Candy\" Cummings (October 18, 1848 – May 16, 1924) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Cummings won between 28 and 35 games in each of his NA seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After the latter game, baseball writer Henry Chadwick commented on the skills of the young Cummings and his promising future with the Excelsior club."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His first game with the team was on August 14, 1866 against the New York Mutuals."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Between 1872 and 1875, Cummings pitched in the National Association (NA) with the New York Mutuals, Baltimore Canaries, Philadelphia White Stockings and Hartford Dark Blues."
},
{
"section_header": "Invention of the curveball",
"text": "The introduction of the curveball radically changed pitching, and also changed the way catchers fielded their position."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His pitching skills led to his being called \"Candy\", a popular 19th-century nickname for a man who was the best at his craft."
},
{
"section_header": "Invention of the curveball",
"text": "After noticing this movement, he began trying to make a baseball move the same way, and thus created the new pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Invention of the curveball",
"text": "Goldsmith is credited with the first publicly recorded demonstration of the pitch on August 16, 1870, at the Capitoline Grounds in Brooklyn, New York."
}
] |
William Aurthur Cummings bore the moniker of "Candy" because he often sucked on peppermints during games whilst pitching.
| 0 | 0 |
Candy Cummings
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raymond Emmitt Dandridge (August 31, 1913 – February 12, 1994), nicknamed \"Hooks\" and \"Squat\", was an American third baseman in baseball's Negro leagues."
}
] |
WMNC7Nt5rNK12m5USyMs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dandridge was born in Richmond, Virginia, to Archie and Alberta Thompson Dandridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dandridge lived for a while in Buffalo, New York, before he and his family returned to Richmond."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, Dandridge was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and, late in his life, Dandridge was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bill Veeck of the Cleveland Indians called Dandridge in 1947 and asked him to come play in the Cleveland organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He played for the Stars in 1933 and for the Newark Dodgers, which were later called the Newark Eagles, from 1934 to 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Although more than capable of playing in the majors, he never got the call to the big leagues, instead spending the last years of his career as the premier player in Triple-A baseball, batting .362"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Dandridge was also a tutor to the young Willie Mays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dandridge excelled as a third baseman and he hit for a high batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the time that Major League Baseball was racially integrated, Dandridge was considered too old to play."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Monte Irvin, who played both in the Negro leagues and the major leagues and saw every great fielding third baseman of two generations, said that Dandridge was the greatest of them all, adding that Dandridge almost never committed more than two errors in a season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raymond Emmitt Dandridge (August 31, 1913 – February 12, 1994), nicknamed \"Hooks\" and \"Squat\", was an American third baseman in baseball's Negro leagues."
}
] |
Ray Dandridge was called Boomer and was born in Richmond, Virginia.
| 0 | 0 |
Ray Dandridge
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath."
}
] |
WMNSOJtU4MTnb9uaM8qZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Parallels between Plath's life and the novel",
"text": "The woman claimed that Plath had put so many details of the students' lives into The Bell Jar that \"they could never look at each other again,\" and that it had caused the breakup of her marriage and possibly others."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and adaptations",
"text": "Iris Jamahl Dunkle wrote of the novel that \"often, when the novel appears in American films and television series, it stands as a symbol for teenage angst.\"Larry"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was published under Plath's name for the first time in 1967 and was not published in the United States until 1971, in accordance with the wishes of both Plath's husband, Ted Hughes, and her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "According to her husband, Plath began writing the novel in 1961, after publishing The Colossus, her first collection of poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Parallels between Plath's life and the novel",
"text": "Philomena Guinea is based on author Olive Higgins Prouty, Plath's own patron, who funded Plath's scholarship to study at Smith College."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally published under the pseudonym \"Victoria Lucas\" in 1963, the novel is semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed."
},
{
"section_header": "Parallels between Plath's life and the novel",
"text": "In a 2006 interview, Joanne Greenberg said that she had been interviewed in 1986 by one of the women who had worked on Mademoiselle with Plath in the college guest editors group."
},
{
"section_header": "Parallels between Plath's life and the novel",
"text": "Plath's husband has at one point insinuated that The Bell Jar might have been written as a response to many years of electroshock treatment and the scars it left."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Then at top speed and with very little revision from start to finish she wrote The Bell Jar,\" he explained."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "At one point, she was also in an asylum herself, and pays for the \"upscale\" asylum that Esther stays in."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath."
}
] |
Mrs.Plath, notable author and publisher, never wrote any other novels than this one.
| 1 | 4 |
The Bell Jar
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "A backer of the Chicago White Stockings baseball club of the National Association from its inception in 1871, Hulbert became an officer of the club in 1874 when it resumed play after being forced to sit out two seasons due to the Great Chicago Fire and assumed the presidency the next year."
}
] |
WMTtj8bd7e8PQnmpd86w
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "When he did not show up, Hulbert was elected the new president, retaining his presidency of the White Stockings as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "native and star Boston pitcher Al Spalding to sign with Chicago for the 1876 season and also signed Boston stars Cal McVey, Deacon White, and Ross Barnes and Philadelphia stars Cap Anson and Ezra Sutton, though Sutton later backed out of his deal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Ambrose Hulbert (October 23, 1832 – April 10, 1882) was one of the founders of the National League, recognized as baseball's first major league, and was also the president of the Chicago White Stockings franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Force, the shortstop of the White Stockings that year, was a notorious \"contract jumper\", a common occurrence in the National Association in which players would move from team to team each year selling themselves to the highest bidder."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "A backer of the Chicago White Stockings baseball club of the National Association from its inception in 1871, Hulbert became an officer of the club in 1874 when it resumed play after being forced to sit out two seasons due to the Great Chicago Fire and assumed the presidency the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert became convinced that the Eastern ballclubs were conspiring to keep the Western clubs second-class citizens and plotted to overthrow the might of the Boston Red Stockings, which won each association pennant between 1872 and 1875."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "After enlisting the support of Western clubs including the Cincinnati Red Stockings, the St. Louis Brown Stockings, and the Louisville Grays, Hulbert held a meeting with the Eastern clubs of the Mutual of New York, the Athletic of Philadelphia, the Boston Red Stockings, and the Hartford Dark Blues on February 2, 1876, at the Grand Central Hotel in New York City and sold them on his vision for a new league founded on the principles of square dealings, recognition of contracts, and business integrity along with a more orderly game on the field through prohibitions on drinking, gambling, and Sunday baseball and more definite organization off it through limiting membership to cities of 75,000 inhabitants or more, giving clubs exclusive territorial rights, and mandating teams to complete a predetermined schedule."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The Veterans Committee finally enshrined Hulbert in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In December, Force signed a second contract with the Philadelphia Athletics, and Hulbert protested."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert is buried in Graceland Cemetery under a grave marker designed to look like a baseball."
}
] |
Hulbert backed the White Stockings.
| 0 | 0 |
William Hulbert
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of Lily Bart, a well-born but impoverished woman belonging to New York City's high society around the end of the 19th century."
}
] |
WOJNpa1uDKi23bCDIlIP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The House of Mirth (2000), directed by Terence Davies, featured Gillian Anderson as Lily Bart."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of Lily Bart, a well-born but impoverished woman belonging to New York City's high society around the end of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "The final title Wharton chose for the novel was The House of Mirth (1905), taken from the Old Testament: The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The House of Mirth (1956), directed by John Drew Barrymore."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "Wharton revealed in her introduction to the 1936 reprint of The House of Mirth her choice of subject and her major theme: When I wrote House of Mirth I held, without knowing it, two trumps in my hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Composer Garth Baxter has written the opera Lily based upon The House of Mirth, with a libretto by Lisa VanAuken."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The House of Mirth is a 1905 novel by American author Edith Wharton."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel The House of Mirth (1905) has been adapted to radio, the stage and the cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", The House of Mirth was serialized in Scribner's Magazine beginning in January 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "The central theme of The House of Mirth is essentially the struggle between who we are and what society tells us we should be."
}
] |
The House of Mirth revolves around Lily Bart.
| 1 | 2 |
The House of Mirth
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Iron Heel is a dystopian novel by American writer Jack London, first published in 1908.Generally considered to be \"the earliest of the modern dystopian\" fiction, it chronicles the rise of an oligarchic tyranny in the United States."
}
] |
WOMfbJTSMb5lkHEHpyTi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been adapted into two Russian films: The Iron Heel (1919) and The Iron Heel of Oligarchy (1999)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In The Iron Heel, Jack London's socialist views are explicitly on display."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "\"Chapter 7 of The Iron Heel is an almost verbatim copy of an ironic essay by Frank Harris (see Jack London § Plagiarism accusations)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Manuscript itself covers the years 1912 through 1932 in which the Oligarchy (or \"Iron Heel\") arose in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In addition, this novel has an introduction and series of (often lengthy) footnotes written from the perspective of scholar Anthony Meredith."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "\"Harry Bridges, influential labor leader in the mid-1900s, was \"set afire\" by Jack London's The Sea-Wolf and The Iron Heel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is based on the fictional \"Everhard Manuscript\" written by Avis Everhard, which she hid and which was subsequently found centuries later."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "The Iron Heel is cited by George Orwell's biographer Michael Shelden as having influenced Orwell's most famous novel Nineteen Eighty-Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book is unusual among London's writings (and in the literature of the time in general) in being a first-person narrative of a woman protagonist written by a man."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "Granville Hicks, reviewing Kurt Vonnegut's Player Piano, was reminded of The Iron Heel: \"we are taken into the future and shown an America ruled by a tiny oligarchy, and here too there is a revolt that fails."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Iron Heel is a dystopian novel by American writer Jack London, first published in 1908.Generally considered to be \"the earliest of the modern dystopian\" fiction, it chronicles the rise of an oligarchic tyranny in the United States."
}
] |
The Iron Heel was written by Ernest Hemingway in 1948.
| 1 | 6 |
The Iron Heel
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "Each Spice Girl had a unique, over-the-top style that served as an extension of her public persona, becoming her trademark look."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "This marketing of each member's individuality was reinforced by the distinctive nicknames adopted by each member of the group."
}
] |
WOaQx247q7VtgdcVhk5X
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "\" Shortly after using the nicknames in a magazine feature on the group, Loraine received calls from other British media outlets requesting permission to use them, and before long the nicknames were synonymous with the Spice Girls."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "Melanie Brown: Brown (also called Mel B) was given the nickname Scary Spice because of her \"in-your-face\" attitude, \"loud\" Leeds accent, pierced tongue and bold manner of dress (which often consisted of leopard-print outfits)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "This marketing of each member's individuality was reinforced by the distinctive nicknames adopted by each member of the group."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "After the lunch, Loraine and his editorial staff decided to devise nicknames for each member of the group based on their personalities."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "Shortly after \"Wannabe\"'s release, a lunch with Peter Loraine, then-editor of Top of the Pops, inadvertently led the Spice Girls to adopt the nicknames that ultimately played a key role in their marketability and the way their international audience identified with them."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "In an interview with Music Week, Loraine explained that, \"In the magazine we used silly language and came up with nicknames all the time so it came naturally to give them names that would be used by the magazine and its readers; it was never meant to be adopted globally."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "Emma Bunton: Bunton was called Baby Spice because she was the youngest member of the group, wore her long blonde hair in pigtails, wore pastel (particularly pink) babydoll dresses and platform sneakers, had an innocent smile, and had a girly girl personality."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "The group have also been noted for the memorable outfits they have worn, the most iconic being Halliwell's Union Jack dress from the 1997 Brit Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "Geri Halliwell: Halliwell was called Ginger Spice because of her \"liveliness, zest and flaming red hair.\" Her image centred on \"glammed-up sex appeal\", and she often wore sultry and outrageous stage outfits, as in the iconic Union Jack dress."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "The dress was sold at a charity auction to the Las Vegas Hard Rock Cafe for £41,320, giving Halliwell the Guinness World Record at that time for the most expensive piece of pop star clothing ever sold."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Fashion trends, image and nicknames",
"text": "Each Spice Girl had a unique, over-the-top style that served as an extension of her public persona, becoming her trademark look."
}
] |
The Spice Girls all had nicknames and dressed the part that their nicknames would indicate.
| 0 | 0 |
Spice Girls
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism."
}
] |
WPE3MbzHCtTWFjqbXraz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "After Reagan's death, the United States Postal Service issued a President Ronald Reagan commemorative postage stamp in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Judiciary",
"text": "Along with his four Supreme Court appointments, Reagan appointed 83 judges to the United States courts of appeals, and 290 judges to the United States district courts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "D.C. He was among 18 included in Gallup's most admired man and woman poll of the 20th century, from a poll conducted in the U.S. in 1999; two years later, USS Ronald Reagan was christened by Nancy Reagan and the United States Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cold War",
"text": "The resulting states were no threat to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Second term | Iran–Contra affair",
"text": "Reagan later withdrew the agreement between the United States and the International Court of Justice President Reagan professed that he was unaware of the plot's existence."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (1989–2004) | Public speaking",
"text": "In 1992 Reagan established the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award with the newly formed Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Second term | Iran–Contra affair",
"text": "The International Court of Justice, whose jurisdiction to decide the case was disputed by the United States, ruled that the United States had violated international law and breached treaties in Nicaragua in various ways.."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Second term | Iran–Contra affair",
"text": "The affair became a political scandal in the United States during the 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of California (1967–1975)",
"text": "It became the first no-fault divorce legislation in the United States."
}
] |
Ronald Reagan is the fortieth president of the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Ronald Reagan
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "He said: When I look around and see our prosperity in every thing, agriculture, commerce, art, science, and every department of education, physical and mental, as well as moral advancement, and our colleges, I think, in the face of such an exhibition, if we can, without the loss of power, or any essential right or interest, remain in the Union, it is our duty to ourselves and to posterity to—let us not too readily yield to this temptation—do so."
}
] |
WQAZz3TRTom3mqMiGcNU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Vice President of the Confederate States",
"text": "He voted against secession in the convention but asserted the right to secede if the federal government continued allowing northern states to nullify the Fugitive Slave Law with \"personal liberty laws.\" He was elected to the Confederate Congress and was chosen by the Congress as Vice President of the provisional government."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice President of the Confederate States",
"text": "Stephens was arrested for treason against the United States at his home in Crawfordville, on May 11, 1865."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice President of the Confederate States",
"text": "On March 16, 1864, Stephens delivered a speech to the Georgia Legislature that was widely reported in both the North and the South."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Speeches",
"text": "1858. Extract from a speech by Alexander H. Stephens, vice-president of the Confederate States,: delivered in the secession convention of Georgia, January 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After Georgia and other Southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America, Stephens was elected as the Confederate Vice President."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice President of the Confederate States",
"text": "He took the provisional oath of office on February 11, 1861, then the 'full term' oath of office on February 22, 1862 (after being elected in November 1861) and served until his arrest on May 11, 1865."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice President of the Confederate States",
"text": "Although peace terms were not reached, Lincoln did agree to look into the whereabouts of Stephens's nephew, Confederate Lieutenant John A. Stephens."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice President of the Confederate States",
"text": "Stephens officially served in office eight days longer than President Jefferson Davis; he took his oath seven days before Davis's inauguration and was captured the day after Davis."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice President of the Confederate States",
"text": "On February 3, 1865, Stephens was one of three Confederate commissioners who met with Lincoln on the steamer River Queen at the Hampton Roads Conference, a fruitless effort to discuss measures to bring an end to the fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Hamilton Stephens (February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American politician who served as the vice president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865, and later as the 50th governor of Georgia from 1882 until his death in 1883."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "He said: When I look around and see our prosperity in every thing, agriculture, commerce, art, science, and every department of education, physical and mental, as well as moral advancement, and our colleges, I think, in the face of such an exhibition, if we can, without the loss of power, or any essential right or interest, remain in the Union, it is our duty to ourselves and to posterity to—let us not too readily yield to this temptation—do so."
}
] |
Despite being the eventual vice president of the confederate states, Alexander Stephens was against the split from the North.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander H. Stephens
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and early childhood (1929–1938)",
"text": "In the mid-1930s, Hepburn's parents recruited and collected donations for the British Union of Fascists."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and early childhood (1929–1938)",
"text": "Joseph moved to London, where he became more deeply involved in Fascist activity and never visited his daughter abroad."
}
] |
WQXcvl9pfVp33HsLy0YK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Humanitarian career | 1988–1989",
"text": "I watched boys build their own schoolhouse with bricks and cement provided by UNICEF.\" Hepburn toured Central America in February 1989, and met with leaders in Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and early childhood (1929–1938)",
"text": "At the time, Ruston worked for a trading company, but soon after the marriage, the couple moved to Europe, where he began working for a loan company; reportedly tin merchants MacLaine, Watson and Company in London and then Brussels."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and early childhood (1929–1938)",
"text": "In the 1960s, Hepburn renewed contact with her father after locating him in Dublin through the Red Cross; although he remained emotionally detached, Hepburn supported him financially until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Experiences during World War II (1939–1945)",
"text": "In 1942, her uncle, Otto van Limburg Stirum (husband of her mother's older sister, Miesje), was executed in retaliation for an act of sabotage by the resistance movement; while he had not been involved in the act, he was targeted due to his family's prominence in Dutch society."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and early childhood (1929–1938)",
"text": "They had two sons, Jonkheer Arnoud Robert Alexander Quarles van Ufford (1920–1979) and Jonkheer Ian Edgar Bruce Quarles van Ufford (1924–2010), before divorcing in 1925.Her father, Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston (21 November 1889 – 16 October 1980), was a British subject born in Auschitz, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and early childhood (1929–1938)",
"text": "In the mid-1930s, Hepburn's parents recruited and collected donations for the British Union of Fascists."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and early childhood (1929–1938)",
"text": "Joseph moved to London, where he became more deeply involved in Fascist activity and never visited his daughter abroad."
}
] |
Audrey's father was a leader in the anti-fascist movement in Europe.
| 0 | 0 |
Audrey Hepburn
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Founding | Reign of the Hongwu Emperor",
"text": "He built a 48 km (30 mi) long wall around Nanjing, as well as new palaces and government halls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The imperial navy was allowed to fall into disrepair while forced labor constructed the Liaodong palisade and connected and fortified the Great Wall of China into its modern form."
}
] |
WQZs1hWsvyLBw89MBv1I
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rise of the Manchu",
"text": "By 1636, Nurhaci's son Huang Taiji renamed his dynasty from the \"Later Jin\" to the \"Great Qing\" at Mukden, which had fallen to Qing forces in 1621 and was made their capital in 1625."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "Seizing opportunity, the Eight Banners crossed the Great Wall after the Ming border general Wu Sangui (1612–1678) opened the gates at Shanhai Pass."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Tumu Crisis and the Ming Mongols",
"text": "While the Yongle Emperor had staged five major offensives north of the Great Wall against the Mongols and the Oirats, the constant threat of Oirat incursions prompted the Ming authorities to fortify the Great Wall from the late 15th century to the 16th century; nevertheless, John Fairbank notes that \"it proved to be a futile military gesture but vividly expressed China's siege mentality.\" Yet the Great Wall was not meant to be a purely defensive fortification; its towers functioned rather as a series of lit beacons and signalling stations to allow rapid warning to friendly units of advancing enemy troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The imperial navy was allowed to fall into disrepair while forced labor constructed the Liaodong palisade and connected and fortified the Great Wall of China into its modern form."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rise of the Manchu",
"text": "Huang Taiji also adopted the Chinese imperial title huangdi, declared the Chongde (\"Revering Virtue\") era, and changed the ethnic name of his people from \"Jurchen\" to \"Manchu\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rise of the Manchu",
"text": "Shortly after, the Koreans renounced their long-held loyalty to the Ming dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Later reign of the Wanli Emperor",
"text": "In the beginning of his reign, Wanli surrounded himself with able advisors and made a conscientious effort to handle state affairs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Later reign of the Wanli Emperor",
"text": "Over time Wanli grew tired of court affairs and frequent political quarreling amongst his ministers, preferring to stay behind the walls of the Forbidden City and out of his officials' sight."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "In 1912, after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution, some advocated that a Han Chinese be installed as Emperor, either the descendant of Confucius, who was the Duke Yansheng, or the Ming dynasty Imperial family descendant, the Marquis of Extended Grace."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding | Reign of the Hongwu Emperor",
"text": "He built a 48 km (30 mi) long wall around Nanjing, as well as new palaces and government halls."
}
] |
The Ming Dynasty is the dynasty that changed the Great Wall and made it how it looks today.
| 0 | 0 |
Ming Dynasty
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company."
}
] |
WRlPKPLxsx6bqQWiaIkp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Early theatre appearances",
"text": "Oh, My Papa. O'Toole gained fame on the West End in the play The Long and the Short and the Tall, performed at the Royal Court starting January 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "We were all considered dotty.\" While studying at RADA in the early 1950s, O'Toole was active in protesting against British involvement in the Korean War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Peter Seamus O'Toole (; 2 August 1932 – 14 December 2013) was a British stage and film actor of Irish descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Partnership with Jules Buck",
"text": "He made a heist film with Audrey Hepburn, How to Steal a Million (1966), directed by William Wyler."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | First films",
"text": "His first role was a small role in Disney's version of Kidnapped (1960), playing the bagpipes opposite Peter Finch."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Records from the Leeds General Registry Office confirm that a Peter J (James) O'Toole was born there in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On 18 May 2014, a new prize was launched in memory of Peter O'Toole at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School; this includes an annual award given to two young actors from the School, including a professional contract at Bristol Old Vic Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | First films",
"text": "In 1960 he had a nine-month season at the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford, appearing in The Taming of the Shrew (as Petruchio), The Merchant of Venice (as Shylock) and Troilus and Cressida (as Thersites)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Making his film debut in 1959, O'Toole achieved international recognition playing T. E. Lawrence in Lawrence of Arabia (1962) for which he received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Goodbye Mr Chips",
"text": "O'Toole starred in a war film for director Peter Yates, Murphy's War (1971), appearing alongside Sian Phillips."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company."
}
] |
Peter O'Toole started out as an actor in theater involved in William Shakespeare plays.
| 2 | 6 |
Peter O'Toole
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third baseman, Baker played in Major League Baseball from 1908 to 1922 for the Philadelphia Athletics and New York Yankees."
}
] |
WRvoBphmPQjwPaI4yIiU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "He remained in baseball, playing for a team representing Upland, Pennsylvania, in the semi-professional Delaware County League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Playing in five games, Baker recorded two hits, both singles, in 15 at-bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his 13 years as a major league player, Baker never played a single inning at any position other than third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He received an offer to play for a team in the Class C Texas League in 1907, which he turned down."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Baker pitched for the local high school baseball team and worked as a clerk at a butcher shop and grocery store owned by relatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He signed with a local semi-professional baseball team based in Ridgely, Maryland, in 1905, at the age of 19."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Baker, who had just completed the first year of a three-year contract, attempted to renegotiate his terms, but Mack refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third baseman, Baker played in Major League Baseball from 1908 to 1922 for the Philadelphia Athletics and New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "His two daughters were also affected, but they were able to recover."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "The Yankees hit a league-leading 47 home runs that year, of which Baker hit ten."
}
] |
Frank Baker played for two baseball teams for a total of 14 years.
| 0 | 2 |
Frank Baker
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rakuten, Inc. (楽天株式会社, Rakuten Kabushiki-gaisha) (Japanese pronunciation: [ɾakɯ̥teɴ]) is a Japanese electronic commerce and online retailing company based in Tokyo, founded in 1997 by Japanese businessman Hiroshi Mikitani."
}
] |
WSTOne5BKnGsnKR6jM3F
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions and investments",
"text": "In November 2012, Rakuten bought French online retail delivery company Alpha Direct Services, to increase speed and quality of delivery."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "In March 2014, UK-based Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) named the company as the world's biggest online retailer of whale meat and elephant ivory, calling on the company to stop selling the items."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rakuten, Inc. (楽天株式会社, Rakuten Kabushiki-gaisha) (Japanese pronunciation: [ɾakɯ̥teɴ]) is a Japanese electronic commerce and online retailing company based in Tokyo, founded in 1997 by Japanese businessman Hiroshi Mikitani."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions and investments",
"text": "In 2010, Rakuten bought French online retailer PriceMinister for €200 million and US-based Buy.com for US$250 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "By late 2012, Rakuten had moved into online retail in Austria, Canada, Spain, Taiwan and Thailand and into the online travel markets in France—with Voyager Moins Cher.com—and China, Hong Kong, Korea and Taiwan—with its Tokyo-based international Rakuten Travel platform."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions and investments",
"text": "In September 2011, Rakuten took a minority equity stake in Russian online retailer Ozon.ru, dubbed \"Russia's Amazon\", which had reported 2010 sales worth US$137 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions and investments",
"text": "In June 2013, Rakuten announced its acquisition of U.S.-based logistics and services company Webgistix, specializing in fulfillment technology for e-commerce retailers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company also has an online marketing business, Rakuten Marketing, and has investments in companies such as Pinterest, Ozon.ru, AHA Life, Lyft, Cabify, Careem, Carousell and Acorns."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions and investments",
"text": "The company announced plans to launch its own cryptocurrency in March 2018.In June 2018, Rakuten purchased Palo Alto based retail pickup startup, Curbside Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions and investments",
"text": "In July, it bought German e-commerce start-up Tradoria and rebranded it Rakuten Deutschland, and in September UK online retailer and e-commerce marketplace Play.com for £25 million (almost $41 million), which was converted into the points-based loyalty program Rakuten.co.uk."
}
] |
Rakuten is an Indonesian online retail company.
| 1 | 5 |
Rakuten
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The initial stories in the collection are narrated by child protagonists, and as the stories continue, they deal with the lives and concerns of progressively older people."
}
] |
WSeKXNSW476we8NX8k61
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dubliners is a collection of fifteen short stories by James Joyce, first published in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "As Sonja Bašić argues, the book \"should be seen not just as a realist/naturalist masterpiece, but as a significant stepping- stone integrated into the modernist structure of Joyce's mature work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many of the characters in Dubliners later appear in minor roles in Joyce's novel Ulysses."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "When discussing Joyce's Dubliners, there are two types of critics that are often at the forefront of the conversation: the \"Realists\" and the \"Symbolists\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The Realists view Dubliners as the most simple of Joyce's works, which often causes them to disregard the revolutionary nature of the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "As Richard Ellmann has argued, \"Joyce claims importance by claiming nothing\" His characters' personalities can only be observed because they are not explicitly told."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "Hugh Leonard adapted six stories as Dublin One which was staged at the Gate Theatre, Dublin, in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Between 1905, when Joyce first sent a manuscript to a publisher, and 1914, when the book was finally published, Joyce submitted the book 18 times to a total of 15 publishers."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "In February 2014, Stephen Rea read all fifteen stories spread across twenty 13-minute segments of Book at Bedtime on BBC Radio 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "These were accompanied by nighttime abridged readings, starting with \"Ivy Day in the Committee Room\" (in two parts, read by T. P. McKenna), followed by \"The Sisters\", \"An Encounter\", \"Araby\", \"Eveline\", and \"Clay\", all read by Barry McGovern."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The initial stories in the collection are narrated by child protagonists, and as the stories continue, they deal with the lives and concerns of progressively older people."
}
] |
In James Joyce's Dubliners, the stories at the start of the book are told by children.
| 0 | 0 |
Dubliners
|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rickey Nelson Henley Henderson (born December 25, 1958) is an American retired professional baseball left fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for nine teams from 1979 to 2003, including four separate tenures with his original team, the Oakland Athletics."
}
] |
WTZx47nuQKphNdGbQWJ4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Newark Bears, Los Angeles Dodgers (2003)",
"text": "As the 2003 season began, Henderson was without a team for the first time in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor leagues",
"text": "He played in six games for the team, which won its first championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rickey Nelson Henley Henderson (born December 25, 1958) is an American retired professional baseball left fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for nine teams from 1979 to 2003, including four separate tenures with his original team, the Oakland Athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": ": Rickey Henderson walked 796 times in his career LEADING OFF AN INNING."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Oakland Athletics (1979–1984)",
"text": "But by being caught stealing 42 times, he cost his team 20.6 runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "I can't comprehend that yet. Years from now, though, I'll be able to say I played with Rickey Henderson, and I imagine it will be like saying I played with Babe Ruth."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He said at one time, quote, 'I am the greatest,' end of quote."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and personality",
"text": "Calling on behalf of Rickey. Rickey wants to play baseball.\" However, Henderson denied that this happened in a February 26, 2009, interview on Mike and Mike in the Morning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Fourth stint with the Oakland Athletics (1998)",
"text": "In January 1998, Henderson signed as a free agent with the Athletics, the fourth time he played for the franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Retirement",
"text": "I don't want one day. I want to play again, man."
}
] |
Rickey Henderson played for one team three different times.
| 2 | 8 |
Rickey Henderson
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Michelson–Morley experiment was an attempt to detect the existence of the luminiferous aether, a supposed medium permeating space that was thought to be the carrier of light waves."
}
] |
WUUGzmJLOC1qUDrYSMyf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Subsequent experiments",
"text": "So far, no one has been able to replicate Miller's results, and modern experimental accuracies have ruled them out."
},
{
"section_header": "Light path analysis and consequences | Special relativity",
"text": "Einstein emphasized the kinematic foundation of the theory and the modification of the notion of space and time, with the stationary aether no longer playing any role in his theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Light path analysis and consequences | Special relativity",
"text": "Many high precision measurements have been conducted as tests of special relativity and modern searches for Lorentz violation in the photon, electron, nucleon, or neutrino sector, all of them confirming relativity."
},
{
"section_header": "Light path analysis and consequences | Observer resting in the aether",
"text": "So the result would be a delay in one of the light beams that could be detected when the beams were recombined through interference."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thorndike experiments, Michelson–Morley type experiments form one of the fundamental tests of special relativity theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Light path analysis and consequences | Incorrect alternatives",
"text": "Hammar directed one leg of his interferometer through a heavy metal pipe plugged with lead."
},
{
"section_header": "Light path analysis and consequences | Incorrect alternatives",
"text": "As mentioned above, Michelson initially believed that his experiment would confirm Stokes' theory, according to which the aether was fully dragged in the vicinity of the earth (see Aether drag hypothesis)."
},
{
"section_header": "Recent experiments | Other tests of Lorentz invariance",
"text": "Modern repeats of this kind of experiment have provided some of the most accurate confirmations of the principle of Lorentz invariance."
},
{
"section_header": "Light path analysis and consequences | Special relativity",
"text": "Comparison with the discussion in Section 11 shows that also from the standpoint of the theory of relativity this solution of the difficulty was the right one."
},
{
"section_header": "1881 and 1887 experiments | Michelson–Morley experiment (1887)",
"text": "The hypothesis of aether drift implies that because one of the arms would inevitably turn into the direction of the wind at the same time that another arm was turning perpendicularly to the wind, an effect should be noticeable even over a period of minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Michelson–Morley experiment was an attempt to detect the existence of the luminiferous aether, a supposed medium permeating space that was thought to be the carrier of light waves."
}
] |
The Michelson-Morley experiment was predicated on the hypothesis that there's stuff in space that light moves through, rather than the modern semi particle-based theory of photons.
| 2 | 6 |
Michelson-Morley experiment
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wade Anthony Boggs (born June 15, 1958) is an American former professional baseball third baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Boggs was elected to the Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2004 and the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2005."
}
] |
WVIJX0hPgSMALfkQk8Ko
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball legacy",
"text": "The Boston Red Sox inducted Boggs into the team's Hall of Fame in 2004 and his number 26 was retired during a pre-game ceremony on May 26, 2016.Boggs was known for his superstitions."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Wrestling",
"text": "The two remained good friends afterward; 15 years later, in 2007, Boggs inducted the late Perfect into the WWE Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Boggs was elected to the Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2004 and the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Hall of Fame plaque cap logo controversy",
"text": "Before his retirement, Boggs was plagued by newspaper reports that the expansion Devil Rays gave him financial compensation in return for selecting a Devil Rays cap for his plaque at the Baseball Hall of Fame, though he has denied that any such condition was part of his contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Hall of Fame plaque cap logo controversy",
"text": "In light of those reports (and other rumors that teams were offering number retirement, money, or organizational jobs in exchange for the cap designation) the Hall decided in 2001 to change its practice of deferring to players' wishes regarding cap logo selection and reinforced the Hall's authority to determine with which cap the player would be depicted."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball legacy",
"text": "Boggs recorded a strike-out pitching during that game."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Hall of Fame plaque cap logo controversy",
"text": "Boggs is wearing a Boston cap on his plaque."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Television",
"text": "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, in which characters in the show tried to drink more than 70 beers while flying across country, emulating a feat Boggs once allegedly accomplished during his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Wrestling",
"text": "In the DVD The Life and Times of Mr. Perfect, Boggs related how Hennig saved his life, carrying Boggs to help after he had severely cut his leg climbing over a broken barbed wire fence during a hunting trip."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Thirty-two innings were played from 18 to 19 April 1981 at McCoy Stadium in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.\" During his last year in the minor leagues with Pawtucket, he led the league with a .335 batting-average, 167 hits, and 41 doubles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wade Anthony Boggs (born June 15, 1958) is an American former professional baseball third baseman."
}
] |
Boggs was inducted into the hall of fame during his lifetime.
| 0 | 0 |
Wade Boggs
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Education",
"text": "He is the only U.S. president to have earned an MBA."
}
] |
WW06hsO35QwhqWNQWLI4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (2009–present) | Publications and appearances",
"text": "On November 2, 2014, Bush spoke at an event to 200 business and civic leaders at the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum to raise awareness for the upcoming Museum of the Bible in Washington"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Business career",
"text": "In April 1989, Bush arranged for a group of investors to purchase a controlling interest in the Texas Rangers baseball franchise for $89 million and invested $500,000 himself to start."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (2009–present) | Art",
"text": "The net proceeds from his book are donated to the George W. Bush Presidential Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (2009–present) | Collaborations",
"text": "On September 7, 2017, Bush partnered with former presidents Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama to work with One America Appeal to help the victims of Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the Gulf Coast and Texas communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Reception",
"text": "The George W. Bush presidency has been ranked among the worst in surveys of presidential scholars published in the late 2000s and 2010s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Education",
"text": "He is the only U.S. president to have earned an MBA."
},
{
"section_header": "In mass culture",
"text": "W. (2008) – a biographical drama film directed by Oliver Stone, in which George W. Bush is portrayed by Josh Brolin. Vice (2018) – a biographical comedy-drama film written and directed by Adam McKay, in which George W. Bush is portrayed by Sam Rockwell, who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into the Bush family, his father, George H. W. Bush, served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Education",
"text": "He graduated in 1975 with an MBA degree."
}
] |
George W. Bush used to own a major league baseball team and is one of two president who have earned a Masters of Business degree.
| 2 | 4 |
George W. Bush
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Music awards",
"text": "Streisand has been nominated 43 times for a Grammy Award, winning eight."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Music awards",
"text": "In addition, she has received two special non-competitive awards; the 1992 Grammy Legend Award and the 1994 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award."
}
] |
WW75xYohjxG1NYW0AuHY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career beginnings | Television appearances, marriage and first albums",
"text": "\"Her first album, The Barbra Streisand Album in early 1963, made the top 10 on the Billboard chart and won three Grammy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Music awards",
"text": "Streisand has been nominated 43 times for a Grammy Award, winning eight."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Music awards",
"text": "In addition, she has received two special non-competitive awards; the 1992 Grammy Legend Award and the 1994 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara Joan \"Barbra\" Streisand (; born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, actress, and filmmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The RIAA and Billboard recognize Streisand as holding the record for the most top 10 albums of any female recording artist: a total of 34 since 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "In 2015, The Daily Telegraph ranked Streisand as one of the 10 top female singer-songwriters of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Film awards",
"text": "The three films she directed received a total of 14 Oscar nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a career spanning six decades, she has achieved success in multiple fields of entertainment and has been recognized with two Academy Awards, ten Grammy Awards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and the Grammy Legend Award, five Emmy Awards, four Peabody Awards, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and nine Golden Globes."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Music awards",
"text": "She has also been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame four times."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "In 1998, Harris Poll reported that she is the \"Most Popular Singer Among Adult Americans of All Ages."
}
] |
Barbra Streisand is an American singer that has 10 total Grammy Awards.
| 1 | 5 |
Barbra Streisand
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its title comes from Chapter 2, Verse 15 of the Song of Solomon in the King James version of the Bible, which reads, \"Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes.\" Set in a small town in Alabama in 1900, it focuses on the struggle for control of a family business."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Little Foxes is a 1939 play by Lillian Hellman, considered a classic of 20th century drama."
}
] |
WWTRPk7TZg2sJ6NLpRPk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The title \"The Little Foxes\" was suggested by Dorothy Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its title comes from Chapter 2, Verse 15 of the Song of Solomon in the King James version of the Bible, which reads, \"Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes.\" Set in a small town in Alabama in 1900, it focuses on the struggle for control of a family business."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Little Foxes is a 1939 play by Lillian Hellman, considered a classic of 20th century drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Little Foxes was presented on Philip Morris Playhouse October 10, 1941."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Produced and directed by Herman Shumlin, the original Broadway production of The Little Foxes opened February 15, 1939, at the National Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Cast",
"text": "The 104-city tour of The Little Foxes began February 5, 1940, in Washington, D.C., and ended April 15, 1941, in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "George Schaefer produced and directed Robert Hartung's television adaptation of The Little Foxes for the Hallmark Hall of Fame, broadcast December 16, 1956, on NBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Oscar initially proposes marriage between his son Leo and Regina's daughter Alexandra—first cousins—as a means of getting Horace's money, but Horace and Alexandra are repulsed by the suggestion."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The touring production of The Little Foxes went on hiatus for three months during filming, and Patricia Collinge, Charles Dingle, Dan Duryea, John Marriott and Carl Benton Reid all reprised their stage roles in their motion picture debuts."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals",
"text": "Tony nominations also went to Pendleton for Best Direction of a Play, Aldredge for Best Featured Actor in a Play, Stapleton for Best Featured Actress in a Play, and the play itself for Best Revival."
}
] |
The Little Foxes is a play and gets it title from the Bible.
| 0 | 0 |
The Little Foxes
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ancient Corinth was one of the largest and most important cities of Greece, with a population of 90,000 in 400 BC."
}
] |
WWZftEEi4bZ3vEqQB7d1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic Corinth after the tyrants",
"text": "570 BC: the inhabitants started to use silver coins called 'colts' or 'foals'."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient city and its environs | Acrocorinth, the acropolis",
"text": "Acrocorinthis, the acropolis of ancient Corinth, is a monolithic rock that was continuously occupied from archaic times to the early 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Byzantine era",
"text": "Despite its becoming the capital of the theme of Hellas and, after c. 800, of the theme of the Peloponnese, it was not until the 9th century that the city began to recover, reaching its apogee in the 11th and 12th centuries, when it was the site of a flourishing silk industry."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth | Peloponnesian War",
"text": "In 435 BC, Corinth and its colony Corcyra went to war over Epidamnus."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Roman era | Biblical Corinth",
"text": "In AD 51/52, Gallio presided over the trial of the Apostle Paul in Corinth."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth | Peloponnesian War",
"text": "In 431 BC, one of the factors leading to the Peloponnesian War was the dispute between Corinth and Athens over Corcyra, which probably stemmed from the traditional trade rivalry between the two cities."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and founding myths",
"text": "only sparse ceramic remains in the EHIII and MH phases; thus, it appears that the area was very sparsely inhabited in the period immediately before the Mycenaean period."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Corinth",
"text": "In 1858, the village surrounding the ruins of Ancient Corinth was destroyed by an earthquake, leading to the establishment of New Corinth 3 km (1.9 mi) NE of the ancient city."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient city and its environs | Two ports: Lechaeum and Cenchreae",
"text": "Lechaeum was the principal port, connected to the city with a set of long walls of about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) length, and was the main trading station for Italy and Sicily, where there were many Corinthian colonies, while Cenchreae served the commerce with the Eastern Mediterranean."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth | 379–323 BC",
"text": "In 379 BC, Corinth, switching back to the Peloponnesian League, joined Sparta in an attempt to defeat Thebes and eventually take over Athens."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ancient Corinth was one of the largest and most important cities of Greece, with a population of 90,000 in 400 BC."
}
] |
Ancient Corinth, despite being a small city, had over 90k inhabitants.
| 0 | 0 |
Ancient Corinth
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1846, Pendleton was married to Mary Alicia Key (1824–1886), the daughter of Francis Scott Key, the lawyer, author, and amateur poet who is best known today for writing a poem which later became the lyrics for the United States' national anthem, \"The Star-Spangled Banner."
}
] |
WWtUXfDazAWMLXoPG1Pf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Memorials",
"text": "The George H. Pendleton House in Cincinnati is a National Historical Landmark and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 1864 Democratic National Convention nominated a ticket of George B. McClellan, who favored continuing the war, and Pendleton, who opposed it."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | National politics",
"text": "Pendleton ran as an antiwar Democrat in the 1864 presidential elections for Vice President, together with George McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the assassination of President James A. Garfield, he wrote and helped pass the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1846, Pendleton was married to Mary Alicia Key (1824–1886), the daughter of Francis Scott Key, the lawyer, author, and amateur poet who is best known today for writing a poem which later became the lyrics for the United States' national anthem, \"The Star-Spangled Banner."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | National politics",
"text": "At 39, Pendleton was one of the youngest candidates for national office in US history."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beliefs",
"text": "Mach (2007) argues that Pendleton's chief contribution was to demonstrate the Whig Party's willingness to use its power in government to achieve Jacksonian ideals."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beliefs",
"text": "What appeared to be a substantive ideological shift, Mach argues, represented Pendleton's pragmatic willingness to use new means to achieve old ends."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During his time in the House of Representatives, he was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1862 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against West H. Humphreys, a US judge for several districts of Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Hunt Pendleton (July 19, 1825 – November 24, 1889) was an American politician and lawyer."
}
] |
George H. Pendleton's father-in-law wrote the words to the US's national anthem.
| 0 | 0 |
George H. Pendleton
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party: 1899–1904",
"text": "He continued to evade arrest by using aliases and sleeping in different apartments."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party: 1899–1904",
"text": "They attempted to arrest him in March 1901, but he escaped and went into hiding, living off the donations of friends and sympathisers."
}
] |
WX3pm6FGJ4eBJ6mhz9RI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Dekulakisation, collectivisation, and industrialisation: 1927–1931 | Economic policy",
"text": "At this point, Stalin turned against the NEP, putting him on a course to the \"left\" even of Trotsky or Zinoviev."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Major crises: 1932–1939 | The Great Terror",
"text": "That month, Stalin and Yezhov signed Order No. 00447, listing 268,950 people for arrest, of whom 75,950 were executed."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The historian Robert Conquest stated that Stalin, \"perhaps [...] determined the course of the twentieth century\" more than any other individual."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Major crises: 1932–1939 | The Great Terror",
"text": "In May 1933, he released from prison many convicted of minor offenses, ordering the security services not to enact further mass arrests and deportations."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Dekulakisation, collectivisation, and industrialisation: 1927–1931 | Economic policy",
"text": "In early 1928 Stalin travelled to Novosibirsk, where he alleged that kulaks were hoarding their grain and ordered that the kulaks be arrested and their grain confiscated, with Stalin bringing much of the area's grain back to Moscow with him in February."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology",
"text": "Stalinism was a development of Leninism, and while Stalin avoided using the term \"Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism\", he allowed others to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Succeeding Lenin: 1924–1927",
"text": "Stalin in turn accused Kamenev and Zinoviev of reintroducing factionalism—and thus instability—into the party."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-war era | Cold War policy: 1947–1950 | Asia",
"text": "Stalin wanted to avoid direct Soviet conflict with the U.S., convincing the Chinese to aid the North."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and characteristics",
"text": "In private he used coarse language, although avoided doing so in public."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology",
"text": "Some of these derived from political expediency rather than any sincere intellectual commitment; Stalin would often turn to ideology post hoc to justify his decisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party: 1899–1904",
"text": "He continued to evade arrest by using aliases and sleeping in different apartments."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party: 1899–1904",
"text": "They attempted to arrest him in March 1901, but he escaped and went into hiding, living off the donations of friends and sympathisers."
}
] |
At the turn of the century, Joseph Stalin left the country in order to avoid arrest
| 0 | 1 |
Joseph Stalin
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origins of the play",
"text": "For example, the first audiences were spared the shock of hearing Miss Julie, in an angry moment, compare making love to Jean to an act of bestiality.) With disastrous timing for new theater, the censors announced during the dress rehearsal that Miss Julie would be forbidden."
}
] |
WX5D4AuFdXWeoXBpx613
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Miss Julie (Swedish: Fröken Julie) is a naturalistic play written in 1888 by August Strindberg."
},
{
"section_header": "The author's preface",
"text": "In it Strindberg states that the source of the play is an actual story he once heard, which made a strong impression on him, and which \"seemed appropriate for tragedy, for it still seems tragic"
},
{
"section_header": "Performances and adaptations",
"text": "Julie and August Falck played Jean (based in turn on the stage production in Stockholm in 1906)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the play",
"text": "However, Strindberg managed to get around the censors by having Miss Julie premiere a few days later at the Copenhagen University Student Union."
},
{
"section_header": "The author's preface",
"text": "\"Strindberg describes both Jean and Miss Julie as representations of their classes and society."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the play",
"text": "The play was written as Strindberg was creating a new theatre of his own, the Scandinavian Naturalistic Theater, which would be founded in Copenhagen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After more niceties, Miss Julie invites Jean once more to dance the waltz, at which point he hesitates, pointing out that he already promised Christine a dance and that the gossip generated by such an act would be savage."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the play",
"text": "After Strindberg agreed to a small amount of censorship, the play was published a few weeks before the first production. (The first English translations also contain these censored excisions."
},
{
"section_header": "The author's preface",
"text": "In the preface, Strindberg discusses aristocracy and classism beyond what occurs in the play itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the play",
"text": "Miss Julie would be the premier offering."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the play",
"text": "For example, the first audiences were spared the shock of hearing Miss Julie, in an angry moment, compare making love to Jean to an act of bestiality.) With disastrous timing for new theater, the censors announced during the dress rehearsal that Miss Julie would be forbidden."
}
] |
Miss Julie is a Swedish play by August Strindberg that was at least once hidden from the public by a government organization.
| 0 | 0 |
Miss Julie
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "The Kalevala is a major part of Finnish culture and history."
}
] |
WXOR6BRz08zmoePo2gbq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The story | Characters | Marjatta",
"text": "This angers Väinämöinen, who leaves Kalevala after bequeathing his songs and kantele to the people as his legacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Kalevala was instrumental in the development of the Finnish national identity and the intensification of Finland's language strife that ultimately led to Finland's independence from Russia in 1917.The first version of the Kalevala, called the Old Kalevala, was published in 1835."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Publishing | Translations",
"text": "So far the Kalevala has been translated into sixty-one languages and is Finland's most translated work of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "The story | Cantos | Marjatta cycle",
"text": "Väinämöinen sails away leaving only his songs and kantele as legacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "The Kalevala is a major part of Finnish culture and history."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Literature | Works inspired by",
"text": "He has a further Kalevala based work which is not part of the series, entitled The Time Twister."
},
{
"section_header": "The story | Characters | Louhi",
"text": "Louhi plays a major part in the battle to prevent the heroes of Kalevala from stealing back the Sampo, which as a result is ultimately destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Film",
"text": "The series' part 3/4 won Prix Italia in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Elias Lönnrot",
"text": "Prior to the publication of the Kalevala, Elias Lönnrot compiled several related works, including the three-part Kantele (1829–1831), the Old Kalevala (1835) and the Kanteletar (1840)."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Lönnrot's field trips",
"text": "The first part of the trip took Lönnrot all the way to Inari in northern Lapland."
}
] |
Kalevala is not a big part of Finland's legacy.
| 0 | 0 |
Kalevala
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Madonna Louise Ciccone (; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress."
}
] |
WXSrnrJyExmqqbXcjSUJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–1997: Maverick, Erotica, Sex, Bedtime Stories, Evita, and motherhood",
"text": "Biographer Mary Cross writes that although Madonna often worried that her pregnancy would harm Evita, she reached some important personal goals: \"Now 38 years old, Madonna had at last triumphed on screen and achieved her dream of having a child, both in the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2012–2017: Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, MDNA, and Rebel Heart",
"text": "In February 2017, Madonna adopted four-year-old twin sisters from Malawi named Estere and Stella, and she moved to live in Lisbon, Portugal in summer 2017 with her adoptive children."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–1991: True Blue, Who's That Girl, Like a Prayer, and Dick Tracy",
"text": "The next year, Madonna was featured in the film"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2012–2017: Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, MDNA, and Rebel Heart",
"text": "In October 2016, Billboard named Madonna its Woman of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–1997: Maverick, Erotica, Sex, Bedtime Stories, Evita, and motherhood",
"text": "The following year, Shakur revealed in a letter to Madonna that he ended the relationship because she was white."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Madonna was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2008, her first year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and songwriting",
"text": "Madonna spent her early years dabbling in rock music with Breakfast Club and Emmy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback",
"text": "After an eight-year absence of touring, Madonna started her Drowned World Tour in June 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2012–2017: Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, MDNA, and Rebel Heart",
"text": "Madonna was named the top-earning celebrity of the year by Forbes, earning an estimated $125 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Madonna resented her father for getting remarried, and began rebelling against him, which strained their relationship for many years afterward."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Madonna Louise Ciccone (; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress."
}
] |
Madonna is 68 years old.
| 1 | 3 |
Madonna (entertainer)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple divorced in 1976 after 19 years of marriage on the grounds that Selig had been \"unduly absenting yourself from the home of the parties and isolating yourself ... in pursuit of your baseball interests to the detriment of your marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\" Chaimson later stated that ended the marriage because her husband \"divorced me and married baseball.\" Since 1977, Selig has been married to the former Suzanne Steinman, who has a daughter from a previous marriage."
}
] |
WXTOIheOwXtI8ySJQ9DF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "Selig turned his attention to other franchises."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting Commissioner (1992–1998)",
"text": "They got caught. They paid $280 million to the players."
},
{
"section_header": "Selig Experience",
"text": "The Selig Experience is a fifteen-minute documentary showing Bud Selig's life and work for the Milwaukee Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting Commissioner (1992–1998)",
"text": "His first major act was to institute the Wild Card and divisional playoff play, which has created much controversy amongst baseball fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Selig's interest in baseball came from his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\" Chaimson later stated that ended the marriage because her husband \"divorced me and married baseball.\" Since 1977, Selig has been married to the former Suzanne Steinman, who has a daughter from a previous marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Allan Huber \"Bud\" Selig (; born July 30, 1934) is an American baseball executive who currently serves as the Commissioner Emeritus of Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple divorced in 1976 after 19 years of marriage on the grounds that Selig had been \"unduly absenting yourself from the home of the parties and isolating yourself ... in pursuit of your baseball interests to the detriment of your marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | 2001 contraction attempt",
"text": "If found liable, the league could have been ordered to pay as much as $500 million in total damages."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Performance-enhancing drugs",
"text": "Much controversy surrounded Selig and his involvement in Bonds' all-time home run record chase."
}
] |
Bud Selig's ex wanted a divorce because he paid too much attention to baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Bud Selig
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Economic policies",
"text": "After Salazar became prime minister, he levied numerous taxes to balance the Portuguese budget and pay external debts."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "With Portugal under the threat of an imminent financial collapse, Salazar finally agreed to become its 81st Finance Minister on 26 April 1928 after the republican and Freemason Óscar Carmona was elected president."
}
] |
WXWfpCsL57F0icjo7Go1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "Salazar stayed on as finance minister while military prime ministers came and went."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "With Portugal under the threat of an imminent financial collapse, Salazar finally agreed to become its 81st Finance Minister on 26 April 1928 after the republican and Freemason Óscar Carmona was elected president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A trained economist, Salazar entered public life with the support of President Óscar Carmona after the Portuguese coup d'état of 28 May 1926, initially as finance minister and later as prime minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "Salazar remained in the cabinet as Minister of Finance, but with additional powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Evaluation",
"text": "Oliveira Salazar is Minister of Finance, which I accept is right, but that he is minister of everything, which is more questionable."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "After the coup d'état of 28 May 1926, Salazar briefly joined the government of José Mendes Cabeçadas as Minister of Finance."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Religious policies",
"text": "In July 1929, with Salazar acting as minister of finance, the government revoked a law that had facilitated the organisation of religious processions."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Education",
"text": "In 1917, he became the regent of economic policy and finance by appointment of the professor José Alberto dos Reis."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Economic policies",
"text": "After Salazar became prime minister, he levied numerous taxes to balance the Portuguese budget and pay external debts."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "However, before accepting the position, he personally secured from Carmona a categorical assurance that as finance minister he would have a free hand to veto expenditure in all government departments, not just his own."
}
] |
Salazar governed as a Prime Minister doing mainly economic finance and tax restructuring and would later become the Finance Minister of Portugal with the country threatening finance collapse
| 0 | 0 |
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Around this time, Clapton began busking around Kingston, Richmond, and the West End."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His guitar playing was so advanced that, by the age of 16, he was getting noticed."
}
] |
WXXeGcL3Wr45KRYEYKBc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Collaboration albums",
"text": "Eric Clapton was one of the performers, with drummer Butch Trucks remarking that the performance was not the typical Allman Brothers experience, given the number and musical styles of the guests who were invited to perform."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Continued success",
"text": "While on tour for August, two concert videos were recorded of the four-man band: Eric Clapton Live from Montreux and Eric Clapton and Friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Clapton, Old Sock and I Still Do",
"text": "On 8 April 2013, Eric and Hard Rock International launched the limited-edition Eric Clapton Artist Spotlight merchandise programme benefiting Crossroads Centre Antigua."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "And no one did more to create that cult than Eric Clapton."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Political views",
"text": "A spokesperson for Clapton said, \"Eric supports the Countryside Alliance."
},
{
"section_header": "Guitars",
"text": "In 1988 Fender introduction his signature Eric Clapton Stratocaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career, breakthrough, and international success | Cream",
"text": "Would Eric have become a Beatle?"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | \"Layla\" and solo career | Derek and the Dominos",
"text": "The priority was the song.\" The band was originally called \"Eric Clapton and Friends\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Collaboration albums",
"text": "Clapton was a performer and the musical director."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career, breakthrough, and international success | The Yardbirds and the Bluesbreakers",
"text": "Since then, Clapton has performed at the Hall over 200 times, and has stated that performing at the venue is like \"playing in my front"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Around this time, Clapton began busking around Kingston, Richmond, and the West End."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His guitar playing was so advanced that, by the age of 16, he was getting noticed."
}
] |
Eric Clapton performed as a busker when he was a teen.
| 2 | 6 |
Eric Clapton
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jobs was born in San Francisco, California, and put up for adoption."
}
] |
WXlOcZO6yq5dsrEJuH6I
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Birth",
"text": "gave birth to Jobs on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco and chose an adoptive couple for him that was \"Catholic, well-educated, and wealthy,\" but the couple later changed their mind."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Jobs found on his birth certificate the name of the San Francisco doctor to whom Schieble had turned when she was pregnant."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Birth",
"text": "According to Jandali, Schieble deliberately did not involve him in the process: \"without telling me, Joanne upped and left to move to San Francisco to have the baby without anyone knowing, including me.\"Schieble"
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Apple (1976–1985)",
"text": "She accepted the offer. When Jobs was 23 (the same age as his biological parents when they had him) Brennan gave birth to her baby, Lisa Brennan, on May 17, 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jobs was born in San Francisco, California, and put up for adoption."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Pre-Apple",
"text": "He was soon hired by Atari, Inc. in Los Gatos, California, which gave him a job as a technician."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Apple (1976–1985)",
"text": "She also stated that she never gave him permission to use the baby's name for a computer and he hid the plans from her."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Pre-Apple",
"text": "In February 1974, Jobs returned to his parents' home in Los Altos and began looking for a job."
}
] |
Steve Jobs was in foster home after his mom gave birth to him in San Cruz.
| 3 | 4 |
Steve Jobs
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story follows the lives of the four March sisters—Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy—and details their passage from childhood to womanhood."
}
] |
WXmhK7lxqMGz8J4dY9xb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The characters in Little Women are recognizably drawn from family members and friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Additional characters",
"text": "He and Jo become friends, and he critiques her writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Additional characters",
"text": "The Gardiners – Wealthy friends of Meg's."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Additional characters",
"text": "The Scotts – Friends of Meg and John Brooke."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Additional characters",
"text": "He was a friend to Mrs. March's father, and admires their charitable works."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Additional characters",
"text": "The Vaughans – English friends of Laurie's who come to visit him."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Josephine \"Jo\" March",
"text": "Second oldest of the four sisters, Jo is boyish, the smartest and most creative one in the family; her father has referred to her as his \"son Jo,\" and her best friend and neighbor, Theodore \"Laurie\" Laurence, sometimes calls her \"my dear fellow,\" while she alone calls him Teddy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part One",
"text": "Laurie is invited to one of the dances, and Meg's friends incorrectly think she is in love with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Additional characters",
"text": "Annie Moffat – A fashionable and wealthy friend of Meg and Sallie Gardiner."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Additional characters",
"text": "Fred Vaughan – A Harvard friend of Laurie's who, in Europe, courts Amy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story follows the lives of the four March sisters—Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy—and details their passage from childhood to womanhood."
}
] |
Little Women is about 4 friends that happen to be the author's best friends.
| 0 | 0 |
Little Women
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone."
}
] |
WXrRS1u5jULecCTP6Mkx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Regeneration",
"text": "During periods when they have lost their digestive tracts, sea cucumbers live off stored nutrients and absorb dissolved organic matter directly from the water."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | The water vascular system",
"text": "Echinoderms possess a unique water vascular system."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – \"hedgehog\" and δέρμα, derma – \"skin\") of marine animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Locomotion",
"text": "Many live in cracks, hollows and burrows and hardly move at all."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | The water vascular system",
"text": "In holothuroids, the podia may be reduced or absent and the madreporite opens into the body cavity so that the circulating liquid is coelomic fluid rather than sea water."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | The water vascular system",
"text": "Some burrowing sea stars extend their elongated dorsal tube feet to the surface of the sand or mud above and use them to absorb oxygen from the water column."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | The water vascular system",
"text": "The water vascular system assists with the distribution of nutrients throughout the animal's body and is most obviously expressed in the tube feet which can be extended or contracted by the redistribution of fluid between the foot and the internal sac."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Locomotion",
"text": "The sea feathers are unattached and usually live in crevices, under corals or inside sponges with their arms the only visible part."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Locomotion",
"text": "Some deep water species are pelagic and can float in the water with webbed papillae forming sails or fins."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Feeding",
"text": "Some sea cucumbers live infaunally in burrows, anterior-end down and anus on the surface, swallowing sediment and passing it through their gut."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone."
}
] |
Echinodermatas live in water.
| 0 | 1 |
Echinodermata
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (; born 5 May 1988) is an English singer-songwriter."
}
] |
WYDbilYxA1AkmHa7vrvB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1997, at the age of nine, Adele and her mother, who by then had found work as a furniture maker and an adult-learning activities organiser, relocated to Brighton on the south coast of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "She announced the shows at \"the home of football\" by singing the England football team's \"Three Lions\" anthem and also the theme song to the BBC's weekly Premier League football show Match of the Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (; born 5 May 1988) is an English singer-songwriter."
}
] |
Adele is a singer-songwriter from England.
| 0 | 0 |
Adele
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini,"
}
] |
WZZ9PrqTh0i4vv4cxHFZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "A drawing by Michelangelo indicates that his early intentions were towards an ovoid dome, rather than a hemispherical one."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "His dome, like that of Florence, is constructed of two shells of brick, the outer one having 16 stone ribs, twice the number at Florence but far fewer than in Sangallo's design."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "If this explanation is the correct one, then the profile of the dome is not merely a structural solution, as perceived by Giacomo della Porta; it is part of the integrated design solution that is about visual tension and compression."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "Michelangelo died in 1564, leaving the drum of the dome complete, and Bramante's piers much bulkier than originally designed, each 18 metres (59 ft) across."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Discovery of Michelangelo draft",
"text": "Michelangelo is known to have destroyed thousands of his drawings before his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "Michelangelo, like Sangallo before him, also left a large wooden model."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "Michelangelo redesigned the dome in 1547, taking into account all that had gone before."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "It has been suggested that Michelangelo on his death bed reverted to the more pointed shape."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "Michelangelo left a few drawings, including an early drawing of the dome, and some details."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "In one sense, Michelangelo's dome may appear to look backward to the Gothic profile of Florence Cathedral and ignore the Classicism of the Renaissance, but on the other hand, perhaps more than any other building of the 16th century, it prefigures the architecture of the Baroque."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini,"
}
] |
Michelangelo was one of the designers.
| 1 | 4 |
St. Peter's Basilica
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Informal definition",
"text": "For this reason, recursive definitions are very rare in everyday situations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function being defined is applied within its own definition."
}
] |
WZioeoqNWPncG7g6KmpC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Informal definition",
"text": "A procedure that goes through recursion is said to be 'recursive'."
},
{
"section_header": "Informal definition",
"text": "For this reason, recursive definitions are very rare in everyday situations."
},
{
"section_header": "Informal definition",
"text": "Recursion is the process a procedure goes through when one of the steps of the procedure involves invoking the procedure itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function being defined is applied within its own definition."
},
{
"section_header": "Informal definition",
"text": "Recursion is related to, but not the same as, a reference within the specification of a procedure to the execution of some other procedure."
},
{
"section_header": "Informal definition",
"text": "When a procedure is defined as such, this immediately creates the possibility of an endless loop; recursion can only be properly used in a definition if the step in question is skipped in certain cases so that the procedure can complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Informal definition",
"text": "To understand recursion, one must recognize the distinction between a procedure and the running of a procedure."
},
{
"section_header": "Informal definition",
"text": "But even if it is properly defined, a recursive procedure is not easy for humans to perform, as it requires distinguishing the new from the old, partially executed invocation of the procedure; this requires some administration as to how far various simultaneous instances of the procedures have progressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Informal definition",
"text": "A procedure is a set of steps based on a set of rules, while the running of a procedure involves actually following the rules and performing the steps."
},
{
"section_header": "In language",
"text": "It can also apply to intransitive verbs, transitive verbs, or ditransitive verbs."
}
] |
A procedure that goes through recursion is said to be applied within its own definition in everyday situations.
| 0 | 0 |
Recursion
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title is an ironic reference to the central character of the novel, Prince (Knyaz) Lev Nikolayevich Myshkin, a young man whose goodness, open-hearted simplicity and guilelessness lead many of the more worldly characters he encounters to mistakenly assume that he lacks intelligence and insight."
}
] |
Wa0sGk0HlvYMuMr0Ylfy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major characters",
"text": "Most of the other characters at one time or another refer to him disparagingly as an 'idiot', but nearly all of them are deeply affected by him."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major characters",
"text": "Nastasya Filippovna, the main female protagonist, is darkly beautiful, intelligent, fierce and mocking, an intimidating figure to most of the other characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Autobiographical themes | Epilepsy",
"text": "He occasionally makes reference to the pre-narrative period prior to his confinement in a Swiss sanatorium, when the symptoms were chronic and he really was \"almost an idiot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title is an ironic reference to the central character of the novel, Prince (Knyaz) Lev Nikolayevich Myshkin, a young man whose goodness, open-hearted simplicity and guilelessness lead many of the more worldly characters he encounters to mistakenly assume that he lacks intelligence and insight."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Joseph Frank has called The Idiot \"perhaps the most original of Dostoevsky's great novels, and certainly the most artistically uneven of them all,\" but he also wondered how it was that the novel \"triumphed so effortlessly over the inconsistencies and awkwardnesses of its structure.\" Gary Saul Morson observes that \"The Idiot brings to mind the old saw about how, according to the laws of physics, bumblebees should be unable to fly, but bumblebees, not knowing physics, go on flying anyway."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Narrator and author",
"text": "Despite the appearance of omniscience, the narrator of The Idiot is given a distinct voice like any other character, and often conveys only a partial understanding of the events he is describing."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Temporality",
"text": "In the usual novel, the apparently free acts of the characters are an illusion as they only serve to bring about a future that has been contrived by the author."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to Gary Saul Morson, \"The Idiot violates every critical norm and yet somehow manages to achieve real greatness.\" Dostoevsky himself was of the opinion that the experiment was not entirely successful, but the novel remained his favourite among his works."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Innocence and guilt",
"text": "The theme of the intrapsychic struggle between innocence and guilt is one that manifests, in idiosyncratic forms, in many of the characters in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "I do not stand behind the novel, but I do stand behind the idea.\" In September 1867, when Dostoevsky began work on what was to become The Idiot, he was living in Switzerland with his new wife Anna Grigoryevna, having left Russia in order to escape his creditors."
}
] |
The Idiot refers to the main character of the novel.
| 0 | 0 |
The Idiot
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The work is split into three parts, with the first describing his family, personal history, and the customs and society of the Igbo, and the second and third sections introducing the influence of British colonialism and Christian missionaries on Okonkwo, his family, and the wider Igbo community."
}
] |
Wc1RGoQjIef8D5AvIa8n
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The work is split into three parts, with the first describing his family, personal history, and the customs and society of the Igbo, and the second and third sections introducing the influence of British colonialism and Christian missionaries on Okonkwo, his family, and the wider Igbo community."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "Okonkwo is strong, hard-working, and strives to show no weakness."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "Okonkwo works to build his wealth entirely on his own, as Unoka died a shameful death and left many unpaid debts."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He is stoic to a fault. He is also the hardest-working member of his clan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart was followed by a sequel, No Longer at Ease (1960), originally written as the second part of a larger work along with Arrow of God (1964)."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "It is studied widely in Europe, India, and North America, where it has spawned numerous secondary and tertiary analytical works."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Of all of Achebe's works, Things Fall Apart is the one read most often, and has generated the most critical response, examination, and literary criticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was first published in the UK in 1962 by William Heinemann Ltd., and became the first work published in Heinemann's African Writers Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the author of the popular and critically acclaimed novels Purple Hibiscus (2003) and Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), commented in a 2006 interview: \"Chinua Achebe will always be important to me because his work influenced not so much my style as my writing philosophy: reading him emboldened me, gave me permission to write about the things I knew well.\"Things"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its story chronicles pre-colonial life in the southeastern part of Nigeria and the arrival of Europeans during the late 19th century."
}
] |
The work is split into four parts.
| 2 | 4 |
Things Fall Apart
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "But after making his debut with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1912, he was sidetracked by three more seasons in the minor leagues before joining the Indians in 1916, and won only 13 major league games before turning 27."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "However, he won less frequently as the season wore on, losing three straight games in mid-August."
}
] |
WcVlvNlI9qVSFtykAzu1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "On May 30, Coveleski hit the only home run of his career in the first game of a road doubleheader against the St. Louis Browns; the three-run shot in the tenth inning gave Cleveland a 4–1 lead, but the Browns came back to win 5–4 in 15 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Washington Senators and New York Yankees",
"text": "In Game 2, he faced Vic Aldridge in a pitcher's duel; the teams were tied at one apiece in the eighth inning, but a two-run home run by the Pirates' Kiki Cuyler led to a 3–2 loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "However, he won less frequently as the season wore on, losing three straight games in mid-August."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "On September 19, Coveleski pitched the only one-hitter of his career, a 2–0 road win over the New York Yankees; the only hit came from Fritz Maisel in the seventh inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His baseball career in Shamokin was short-lived; after five games, Coveleski relocated to Lancaster, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "He pitched the first game against Rube Marquard, and allowed one run and five hits in a 3–1 Cleveland victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "He improved statistically during the 1917 season, winning 19 games and losing 14 with an ERA of 1.81 and a career-high 133 strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Four days later, he pitched Game 4, again allowing one run and five hits in a 5–1 win."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Coveleski finished the season with a 13–14 record, his first season with a losing record."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Coveleski pitched 315 innings in 1921, matching his career high from the year before, and had a 23–13 record and a 3.37 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "But after making his debut with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1912, he was sidetracked by three more seasons in the minor leagues before joining the Indians in 1916, and won only 13 major league games before turning 27."
}
] |
Washington's American Senator, Stan Coveleski, sidetracked by three political loses, relocated in Cleveland, where he hit the home run of his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Stan Coveleski
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is by far the largest and busiest metro in India, and second oldest after the Kolkata Metro."
}
] |
WczgOdBPe4U7f7VEluIg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a company with equal equity participation from the Government of India and the Government of Delhi, built and operates the Delhi Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Feeder buses",
"text": "DMRC operates around 291 feeder buses on 42 routes connecting 54 metro stations in Delhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is by far the largest and busiest metro in India, and second oldest after the Kolkata Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Delhi Metro Rail Corporation won the PSU of the year Award by All India Management Association (AIMA), 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Ticketing and recharge",
"text": "Travel cards are available for longer durations and are most convenient for frequent commuters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving Delhi and its satellite cities of Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida, Bahadurgarh and Ballabhgarh, in the National Capital Region of India."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Initial construction",
"text": "The first line of the Delhi Metro, the Red Line, was inaugurated by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India on 24 December 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Initial construction",
"text": "The Delhi Metro became the second underground rapid transit system in India, after the Kolkata Metro, when the Vishwa Vidyalaya–Kashmere Gate section of the Yellow Line opened on 20 December 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "After taking over the operation of the Delhi Airport Express Metro, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has taken over the operation of Gurugram Rapid Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "To rectify the situation, the Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up a company called the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on 3 May 1995, with Elattuvalapil Sreedharan as the managing director."
}
] |
Delhi Metro is larger and has been around longer than any metro in India.
| 0 | 0 |
Delhi Metro
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st century",
"text": "The company of Shakespeare's Globe, London, has produced many notable, highly popular all-male performances, and a highlight of their 2002 season was Twelfth Night, with the Globe's artistic director Mark Rylance playing the part of Olivia."
}
] |
Wd0r7Q1gekAR6ZKICEsG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st century",
"text": "When the play was first performed, all female parts were played by men or boys, but it has been the practice for some centuries now to cast women or girls in the female parts in all plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | During and just after Shakespeare's lifetime",
"text": "Twelfth Night or What You Will (to give the play its full title) was probably commissioned for performance as part of the Twelfth Night celebrations held by Queen Elizabeth I at Whitehall Palace on 6 January 1601 to mark the end of the embassy of the Italian diplomat, the Duke of Orsino."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The full title of the play is Twelfth Night, or What You Will."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st century",
"text": "The company of Shakespeare's Globe, London, has produced many notable, highly popular all-male performances, and a highlight of their 2002 season was Twelfth Night, with the Globe's artistic director Mark Rylance playing the part of Olivia."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st century",
"text": "In 2017/18, the Royal Shakespeare Company staged Twelfth Night, which was directed by Christopher Luscombe."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "An adaptation of Twelfth Night by Cathleen Nesbitt for the BBC was the first complete Shakespeare play ever broadcast on British radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "\"American playwright Ken Ludwig wrote a play inspired by the details of Twelfth Night, called Leading Ladies."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "In the 2004 movie Wicker Park, Rose Byrne's character Alex plays Viola in an amateur production of Twelfth Night."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | During and just after Shakespeare's lifetime",
"text": "It was again performed at Court on Easter Monday in 1618 and on Candlemas night in 1623."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage | Musicals",
"text": "In 2018, the Public Theatre workshopped and premiered a musical adaptation of Twelfth Night with original music by Shaina Taub, who also played the role of Feste."
}
] |
Twelfth Night has been played by a lot all men performances.
| 1 | 5 |
Twelfth Night
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "It was copyrighted in the United States in 1899 with the publication by Doubleday & McClure of New York."
}
] |
Wd9icXBu0UEXCHw6agMg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "In the United Kingdom and other countries following the Berne Convention on copyrights, the novel was under copyright until April 1962, fifty years after Stoker's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "It was copyrighted in the United States in 1899 with the publication by Doubleday & McClure of New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1958, film company Hammer Film Productions followed the success of its The Curse of Frankenstein from the previous year with Dracula, released in the United States as Horror of Dracula, directed by Terence Fisher."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | \"Dracula's Guest\"",
"text": "The short story \"Dracula's Guest\" was posthumously published in 1914, two years after Stoker's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and scholarly criticism | Reaction",
"text": "\" The Daily Mail review of 1 June 1897 proclaimed it a classic of Gothic horror, \"In seeking a parallel to this weird, powerful, and horrorful story our mind reverts to such tales as The Mysteries of Udolpho, Frankenstein, The Fall of the House of Usher ... but Dracula is even more appalling in its gloomy fascination than any one of these."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dracula has been assigned to many literary genres including vampire literature, horror fiction, gothic fiction, and invasion literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Powers of Darkness",
"text": "Not until 2014 was it noticed that Makt Myrkranna differed significantly from Stoker's version of Dracula."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and scholarly criticism | Scholarly criticism",
"text": "plot for domination is at last defeated, are elements which unite to form a tale now justly assigned a permanent place in English letters.\" In the last several decades, literary and cultural scholars have offered diverse analyses of Stoker's novel and the character of Count Dracula."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Stoker himself wrote the first theatrical adaptation, which was presented at the Lyceum Theatre on 18 May 1897 under the title Dracula, or The Undead shortly before the novel's publication and performed only once, in order to establish his own copyright for such adaptations."
}
] |
Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel and was copyrighted in the United States in 1899 until April 1962, fifty years after Stoker's death.
| 0 | 0 |
Dracula
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s to the present",
"text": "Today, Chinatown, Chicago is one of the few Chinatown neighborhoods in the United States that has shielded gentrification and has seen a continued growth of Chinese residents."
}
] |
WdFQHPP2DgfG49BXV2fn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Demographics",
"text": "This includes the endangerment of existing historical Chinatowns that will eventually stop serving the needs of Chinese immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "As net migration has slowed into them, the smaller Chinatowns have slowly decayed, often to the point of becoming purely historical and no longer serving as ethnic enclaves."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Neighborhood activists and politicians have increased in prominence in some cities, and some are starting to attract support from non-Chinese voters."
},
{
"section_header": "Chinese Settlements | Settlement pattern",
"text": "This core pattern was maintained even the settlement got expanded as a city, and forms historical urban center of the Southeast Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Town-Scape",
"text": "Historically, these gateways were donated to a particular city as a gift from the Republic of China and People's Republic of China, or local governments (such as Chinatown, San Francisco), and business organizations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "It served as a port of entry for early Chinese immigrants from the 1850s to the 1900s."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Demographics",
"text": "The trend for emergence of these types of natural enclaves is on the decline (with the exceptions being the continued growth and emergence of newer Chinatowns in Queens and Brooklyn in New York City), only to be replaced by newer \"Disneyland-like\" attractions, such as a new Chinatown that will be built in the Catskills region of New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Town-Scape",
"text": "Many tourist-destination metropolitan Chinatowns can be distinguished by large red arch entrance structures known in Mandarin Chinese as Paifang (sometimes accompanied by imperial guardian lion statues on either side of the structure, to greet visitors)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "In Australia, the Victorian gold rush which began in 1851 attracted Chinese prospectors from the Guangdong area, and a community began to form in the eastern end of Little Bourke Street, Melbourne by the mid 1850s; the area is still the centre of the Melbourne chinatown, making it the oldest continuously occupied Chinatown in a western city (since the San Francisco one was destroyed and rebuilt)."
},
{
"section_header": "Benevolent and business associations",
"text": "These associations generally provide social support, religious services, death benefits (members' names in Chinese are generally enshrined on tablets and posted on walls), meals, and recreational activities for ethnic Chinese, especially for older Chinese migrants."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s to the present",
"text": "Today, Chinatown, Chicago is one of the few Chinatown neighborhoods in the United States that has shielded gentrification and has seen a continued growth of Chinese residents."
}
] |
The Chinatown in Illinois's biggest city is a historical recreation that serves as a tourist attraction.
| 0 | 0 |
Chinatown
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.