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Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "In 1997, Borg founded the Institute for Women and Technology (now the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology)."
}
] |
WdKZH6evmIjPHCOYVrjJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "Since its foundation, the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology has increased its programs in the United States and expanded internationally, more than quadrupling in size."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "In 1997, Borg founded the Institute for Women and Technology (now the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "It ran a variety of programs to increase the role of technology, build the pipeline of technical women, and ensure that women's voices affected technological developments."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "In 2003, the Institute for Women and Technology was renamed to the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, in honor of Borg."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "Two important goals behind the founding of the organization were to increase the representation of women in technical fields and to enable the creation of more technology by women."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Systers",
"text": "In 1992, when Mattel Inc. began selling a Barbie doll that said math class is tough, the voices of protest that started with the Systers list played a role in getting Mattel to remove that phrase from Barbie's microchip."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "The Institute was created to be an experimental R&D organization focusing on increasing the impact of women on technology and increasing the impact of technology on the world's women."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Soon after starting at Xerox, she founded the Institute for Women and Technology, having previously founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "Google established the Google Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship in 2004 to honor the work of Borg."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "In 2002, Telle Whitney took over as President and CEO of the Institute, and in 2003, it was renamed in honor of Borg."
}
] |
Anita Borg was a role model who worked to help get more women into technology by starting the Institute for Woman and Technology.
| 3 | 7 |
Anita Borg
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Etruscan civilization endured until it was assimilated into Roman society."
}
] |
WeXbkrhHVUsVcxFJxRJw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legend and history | Expansion",
"text": "Some small towns in the sixth century BC disappeared during this time, ostensibly subsumed by greater, more powerful neighbours."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend and history | Periodization of Etruscan civilization",
"text": "In the last Villanovan phase, called the recent phase (about 770–730 BC), the Etruscans established relations of a certain consistency with the first Greek immigrants in southern Italy (in Pithecusa and then in Cuma), so much so as to initially absorb techniques and figurative models and soon more properly cultural models, with the introduction, for example, of writing, of a new way of banqueting, of a heroic funerary ideology, that is, a new aristocratic way of life, such as to profoundly change the physiognomy of Etruscan society."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "Etruscan inscriptions disappeared from Chiusi, Perugia and Arezzo around this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend and history | Periodization of Etruscan civilization",
"text": "The last three phases of Etruscan civilization are called, respectively, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic, which roughly correspond to the homonymous phases of the ancient Greek civilization."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend and history | Possible founding of Rome",
"text": "The true picture is rather more complicated, not least because the Etruscan cities were separate entities which never came together to form a single Etruscan state."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend and history | Periodization of Etruscan civilization",
"text": "Dionysius of Halicarnassus having observed long ago, \"[T]here is no reason that the Greeks should not have called [the Etruscans] by this name, both from their living in towers and from the name of one of their rulers.\" The Etruscan civilization begins with the Villanovan culture, regarded as the oldest phase."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend and history | Expansion",
"text": "However, it is certain that the political structure of the Etruscan culture was similar to, albeit more aristocratic than, Magna Graecia in the south."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend and history | Ethnonym and etymology",
"text": "This proposed etymology is made the more plausible because the Etruscans preferred to build their towns on high precipices reinforced by walls."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend and history | Possible founding of Rome",
"text": "Many, if not most, of the Etruscan cities were older than Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend and history | Possible founding of Rome",
"text": "Rome is located on the edge of what was Etruscan territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Etruscan civilization endured until it was assimilated into Roman society."
}
] |
The Etruscan civilization disappeared when they were absorbed into the mores of Rome.
| 0 | 0 |
Etruscan civilization
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caroline affair (also known as the Caroline case) was a diplomatic crisis beginning in 1837 involving the United States, Britain, and the Canadian independence movement."
}
] |
WeeS707CaaNC06cDRZrN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Shortly after the incident, a Canadian sheriff named Alexander McLeod claimed that he had helped attack the Caroline during the Caroline affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "After these defeats, Mackenzie fled to Navy Island in the Niagara River, which they declared the Republic of Canada, on board the vessel SS Caroline."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caroline affair (also known as the Caroline case) was a diplomatic crisis beginning in 1837 involving the United States, Britain, and the Canadian independence movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Anticipatory self-defense",
"text": "The Caroline affair is also now invoked frequently in the course of the dispute around preemptive strike (or preemption doctrine)."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "Later that year, Irish-Canadian rebel Benjamin Lett murdered a loyalist, Captain Edgeworth Ussher, who had been involved in the Caroline affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Reform Movement of Upper Canada (today's Ontario) was a movement to make the British colonial rule in Canada more democratic and less corrupt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sensationalized accounts of the affair were published by contemporary newspapers."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In December 1837, Mackenzie began the Upper Canada Rebellion by fighting the British in the Battle of Montgomery's Tavern."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "President Martin Van Buren sent General Winfield Scott to prevent further incursions into Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Anticipatory self-defense",
"text": "This formulation is part of the Caroline test."
}
] |
Caroline affair did have Canada.
| 0 | 0 |
Caroline affair
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In North America, the film was a massive commercial success, grossing $49,919,870."
}
] |
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|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "It ranked fifth among high-grossing films of the year, earning an estimated $10 million in North American rentals in 1973, and a total of $22,457,000 in its theatrical run."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Way We Were is a 1973 American romantic drama film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Barbra Streisand and Robert Redford."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The soundtrack album became a gold record and hit the Top 20 on the Billboard 200 while the title song became a million-selling gold single, topping the Billboard Hot 100 respectively, selling more than two million copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and finished at number eight on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Songs list of top tunes in American cinema in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "What evolved was a male character who had a way with words, but no strong inclination to apply himself to a career using them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It ranked at number six on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions survey of the top 100 greatest love stories in American cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "It entered the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1973 and charted for 23 weeks, eventually selling over a million copies and remaining number one for three nonconsecutive weeks in February 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In his autobiography If Chins Could Kill: Confessions of a B Movie Actor, cult star Bruce Campbell recalls a roommate who had a poorly functioning record player."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the movie The Jerk, Marie (Bernadette Peters) is sobbing over the demise of her relationship while a drunk Navin Johnson (Steve Martin) is writing checks for $1.09."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arthur Laurents wrote both the novel and screenplay based on his college days at Cornell University and his experiences with the House Un-American Activities Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In North America, the film was a massive commercial success, grossing $49,919,870."
}
] |
The movie, The Way We Were, was a flop with American audiences, costing the production company millions of dollars.
| 2 | 5 |
The Way We Were
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark came from a large Jewish family."
}
] |
WelXCsrasPvhF8dYqj4V
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "His father, Ruben Goldmark, was a chazan (cantor) to the Jewish congregation at Keszthely, Hungary, where Karl was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karl Goldmark (born Károly Goldmark, Keszthely, May 18, 1830 – Vienna, January 2, 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Karl Goldmark's early training as a violinist was at the musical academy of Sopron (1842–44)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Karl Goldmark's older brother Joseph became a physician and was later involved in the Revolution of 1848, and forced to emigrate to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark came from a large Jewish family."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark, however would ultimately distance himself because of Brahms' prickly personality."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "To make ends meet, Goldmark also pursued a side career as a music journalist."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Goldmark died in Vienna and is buried in the Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), along with many other notable composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Among the musical influences Goldmark absorbed was the inescapable one, for a musical colorist, of Richard Wagner, whose anti-semitism stood in the way of any genuine warmth between them; in 1872 Goldmark took a prominent role in the formation of the Vienna Wagner Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark's nephew Rubin Goldmark (1872–1936), a pupil of Dvořák, was also a composer, who spent his career in New York."
}
] |
Karl Goldmark was Christian.
| 2 | 6 |
Karl Goldmark
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Origins",
"text": "In the winter of 1927–28, Elizabeth Hauptmann, Brecht's lover at the time, received a copy of Gay's play from friends in England and, fascinated by the female characters and its critique of the condition of the London poor, began translating it into German."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera (Die Dreigroschenoper) is a \"play with music\" by Bertolt Brecht, adapted from a translation by Elisabeth Hauptmann of John Gay's 18th-century English ballad opera, The Beggar's Opera, and four ballads by François Villon, with music by Kurt Weill."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Opera or musical theatre?",
"text": "The Weill authority Stephen Hinton notes that \"generic ambiguity is a key to the work’s enduring success\", and points out the work's deliberate hybrid status: For Weill [The Threepenny Opera] was not just ‘the most consistent reaction to [Richard] Wagner’; it also marked a positive step towards an operatic reform."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Origins",
"text": "In the winter of 1927–28, Elizabeth Hauptmann, Brecht's lover at the time, received a copy of Gay's play from friends in England and, fascinated by the female characters and its critique of the condition of the London poor, began translating it into German."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Opera or musical theatre?",
"text": "The ambivalent nature of The Threepenny Opera, derived from an 18th-century ballad opera but conceived in terms of 20th-century musical theatre, has led to discussion as how it can best be characterised."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Germany",
"text": "Despite an initially poor reception, it became a great success, playing 400 times in the next two years."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | United States",
"text": "The play was presented in German with English supertitles using the 1976 translation by John Willett."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Prologue",
"text": "Since this opera was intended to be as splendid as only beggars can imagine, and yet cheap enough for beggars to be able to watch, it is called the Threepenny Opera.\" A street singer entertains the crowd with the illustrated murder ballad or Bänkelsang, titled \"Die Moritat von Mackie Messer\" (\"Ballad of Mack the Knife\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1994, on CDJAY 1244."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | France",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was shown in its French version in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1954, on Decca Broadway 012–159–463–2."
}
] |
The enduring and successful play, The Threepenny Opera, was inspired partly by London's poor and the female roles in John Gay's eighteenth-century English ballad opera.
| 0 | 0 |
The Threepenny Opera
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most well-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)."
}
] |
Wgp1A68dEwr8fdUd1V4I
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most well-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The frontier walls built by different dynasties have multiple courses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Later on, many successive dynasties have built and maintained multiple stretches of border walls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the walls built by the Ming dynasty measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "During the 1440s–1460s, the Ming also built a so-called \"Liaodong Wall\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "The Manchus quickly seized Beijing, and eventually defeated both the rebel-founded Shun dynasty and the remaining Ming resistance, establishing the Qing dynasty rule over all of China."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "Sections near the Ming capital of Beijing were especially strong."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early walls",
"text": "Later, the Han, the Northern Dynasties and the Sui all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "One of the most striking sections of the Ming Great Wall is where it climbs extremely steep slopes in Jinshanling."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "Here the first major walls erected during the Ming dynasty cut through the Ordos Desert to the eastern edge of the Yellow River loop."
}
] |
The least well-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).
| 2 | 5 |
Great Wall of China
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "First World War",
"text": "During World War I, Pearson volunteered for service as a medical orderly with the University of Toronto Hospital Unit."
},
{
"section_header": "First World War",
"text": "In 1915, he entered overseas service with the Canadian Army Medical Corps as a stretcher-bearer with the rank of private, and was subsequently promoted to corporal."
}
] |
WhxjadLfE85kXkXl4Ptg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Diplomat, public servant",
"text": "Hon. Hon. Lester B. Pearson, Volume One: 1897-1948\"), Pearson reveals that during 1940 he was hired by Sir William Stephenson—the enigmatic WWII spymaster known as \"Intrepid\"—to serve as a \"King's Messenger\" or courier conveying secret documents to Europe. (Ref."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lester Bowles Pearson (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972) was a Canadian scholar, statesman, soldier, prime minister, and diplomat, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education",
"text": "Pearson was born in Newtonbrook in the township of York, Ontario (now a part of Toronto), the son of Annie Sarah (née Bowles) and Edwin Arthur Pearson, a Methodist (later United Church of Canada) minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Civic and civil infrastructure",
"text": "Lester B. Pearson Garden for Peace and Understanding,"
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Civic and civil infrastructure",
"text": "Lester B. Pearson Park in St. Catharines, Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Educational and academic institutions",
"text": "The Lester B. Pearson School Board is the largest English-language school board in Quebec."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Civic and civil infrastructure",
"text": "Lester B. Pearson Civic Centre in Elliot Lake, Ontario was heavily damaged in February 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Educational and academic institutions",
"text": "Lester B. Pearson College, opened in 1974, is a United World College near Victoria, British Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "First World War",
"text": "Thereafter, Pearson would use the name \"Lester\" on official documents and in public life, but was always addressed as \"Mike\" by friends and family."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Educational and academic institutions",
"text": "Lester B. Pearson High School lists five so-named schools, in Burlington, Calgary, Montreal, Ottawa, and Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "First World War",
"text": "During World War I, Pearson volunteered for service as a medical orderly with the University of Toronto Hospital Unit."
},
{
"section_header": "First World War",
"text": "In 1915, he entered overseas service with the Canadian Army Medical Corps as a stretcher-bearer with the rank of private, and was subsequently promoted to corporal."
}
] |
Lester Bowles Pearson was in WWII.
| 0 | 0 |
Lester B. Pearson
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kamehameha V (Lota Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiōlani Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui; December 11, 1830 – December 11, 1872), reigned as the fifth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1863 to 1872."
}
] |
WhyYrGegisGr9ws2Qetp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "From 1852 to 1855 he served on the Privy Council of State, and from 1852 to 1862 in the House of Nobles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1862, he was officially added to the line of succession in an amendment to the 1852 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "He was the last ruling monarch of the House of Kamehameha styled under the Kamehameha name."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "The constitution, in case I make no nomination, provides for the election of the next King; let it be so.\" With no heir at his death, the next monarch would be elected by the legislature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kamehameha V (Lota Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiōlani Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui; December 11, 1830 – December 11, 1872), reigned as the fifth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1863 to 1872."
}
] |
Kamehameha V was the sixth monarch of Hawai'i from 1862 to 1871.
| 0 | 4 |
Kamehameha V
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Caldwell Calhoun was born in Abbeville District, South Carolina on March 18, 1782, the fourth child of Patrick Calhoun (1727–1796) and his wife Martha (Caldwell)."
}
] |
WialVh8feXo0MWh10SkF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "In 1910, the state of South Carolina gave a statue of John C. Calhoun to the National Statuary Hall Collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "In June 2020, Clemson University removed John C. Calhoun's name from Clemson University Calhoun Honors College, renaming it to Clemson University Honors College."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "The USS John C. Calhoun, in commission from 1963 to 1994, was a Fleet Ballistic Missile nuclear submarine."
},
{
"section_header": "Political philosophy | Opposition to the War with Mexico",
"text": "The climax came a decade after Calhoun's death with the election of Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1860, which led to the secession of South Carolina, followed by six other Southern states."
},
{
"section_header": "Death, last words, and burial",
"text": "\"The Clemson University campus in South Carolina occupies the site of Calhoun's Fort Hill plantation, which he bequeathed to his wife and daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Calhoun's fourth child, Anna Maria, married Thomas Green Clemson, who later founded Clemson University in South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Caldwell Calhoun was born in Abbeville District, South Carolina on March 18, 1782, the fourth child of Patrick Calhoun (1727–1796) and his wife Martha (Caldwell)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He owned dozens of slaves in Fort Hill, South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1807.Biographer Margaret Coit"
}
] |
South Carolina was John C. Calhoun's birth state.
| 0 | 0 |
John C. Calhoun
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After playing at Aberdeen High School, Ripken Jr. was drafted by the Orioles in the second round of the 1978 MLB draft."
}
] |
WioM1FXSVolp2OKjlNau
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Calvin Edwin Ripken Jr. (born August 24, 1960), nicknamed \"The Iron Man\", is an American former baseball shortstop and third baseman who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1981–2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1987–1990",
"text": "Ron Washington replaced him in the eighth inning, ending Ripken's streak of 8,243 consecutive innings played."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After playing at Aberdeen High School, Ripken Jr. was drafted by the Orioles in the second round of the 1978 MLB draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2001",
"text": "Ripken was scheduled to become a free agent following the 1997 season, but at the start of the year he agreed to a two-year extension with the Orioles."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2001",
"text": "In 1997, the Orioles signed free-agent shortstop Mike Bordick from the Oakland Athletics and moved Ripken back to third base permanently."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1987–1990",
"text": "He also had a particularly memorable play in the All-Star Game, making a tremendous catch and strong throw to retire Will Clark in the second inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1987–1990",
"text": "That year, Ripken Sr. became the first manager to write two of his sons into the lineup card when both Ripken Jr. and his brother and fellow Oriole, Billy Ripken, played in the same game on July 11."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1987–1990",
"text": "\"During the 1988 season, Ripken had signed a three-year contract with an option for a fourth year, preventing him from being a free agent at season's end."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2001",
"text": "In a tribute to Ripken's achievements and stature in the game, shortstop Alex Rodriguez (unknowingly foreshadowing his own future) insisted on exchanging positions with third baseman Ripken for the first inning, so that Ripken could play shortstop as he had for most of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Eagles trailed 3–1 when Ripken, noting that rain was coming and that the game would be canceled and replayed because the Eagles had not yet played the fourth inning, made nine throws to first base to ensure the game would be replayed."
}
] |
Calvin Ripken Jr. played football in college as a free safety.
| 1 | 9 |
Cal Ripken Jr.
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime."
}
] |
WjTzhHX3Cm0wcP0qvbLJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States (a neutral country at the time) against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, just before 08:00, on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Japan announced a declaration of war on the United States later that day (December 8 in Tokyo), but the declaration was not delivered until the following day."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | Possible third wave",
"text": "Genda, who had unsuccessfully advocated for invading Hawaii after the air attack, believed that without an invasion, three strikes were necessary to disable the base as much as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Background to conflict | Military planning",
"text": "This presumption was due to the threat that the air bases throughout the country and the naval base at Manila posed to sea lanes, as well as to the shipment of supplies to Japan from territory to the south."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | Japanese declaration of war",
"text": "A declaration of war was printed on the front page of Japan's newspapers in the evening edition of December 8 (late December 7 in the U.S.), but not delivered to the U.S. government until the day after the attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | Japanese declaration of war",
"text": "For decades, conventional wisdom held that Japan attacked without first formally breaking diplomatic relations only because of accidents and bumbling that delayed the delivery of a document hinting at war to Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Retrospective debate on American intelligence",
"text": "At least two naval war games, one in 1932 and another in 1936, proved that Pearl was vulnerable to such an attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | Japanese declaration of war",
"text": "The attack took place before any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but this was not Admiral Yamamoto's intention."
},
{
"section_header": "Background to conflict | Military planning",
"text": "A Gallup poll just before the attack on Pearl Harbor found that 52% of Americans expected war with Japan, 27% did not, and 21% had no opinion."
}
] |
The Attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States (a neutral country at the time) against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, just before 08:00, on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941 that was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning.
| 0 | 0 |
Attack on Pearl Harbor
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "\" Before the collapse, the fishery was one of the most productive in the world due to the upwelling of cold yet nutrient-rich water along the California coastline."
}
] |
WjWWU508rJkULUlbsd9h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cannery Row is the waterfront street in the New Monterey section of Monterey, California."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "\" Before the collapse, the fishery was one of the most productive in the world due to the upwelling of cold yet nutrient-rich water along the California coastline."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "MacAbee Beach and San Carlos Beach, which bookend Cannery Row are both popular spots for kayak-launching; San Carlos Beach is one of Monterey Bay's most popular scuba-diving spots."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "Today the area offshore from Cannery Row is the Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area (part of the larger Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary) and is home to a large resurgent population of California sea lions."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "The Monterey Bay Aquarium (opened in 1984) is located at the north end of Cannery Row, at the former site of the major Hovden Cannery."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The canneries failed after the collapse of the fishing industry in Monterey Bay in the mid-1950s, which resulted from a combination of factors, including unfavorable oceanic conditions, over-fishing, and competition from other species."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The street name, formerly a nickname for Ocean View Avenue, became official in January 1958 to honor John Steinbeck and his well-known novel Cannery Row."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "Norwegian immigrant Knut Hovden founded Hovden Food Products Corporation which opened on July 7, 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the novel's opening sentence, Steinbeck described the street as \"a poem, a stink, a grating noise, a quality of light, a tone, a habit, a nostalgia, a dream.\" Cannery Row was the setting of John Steinbeck's novels Cannery Row (1945) and Sweet Thursday (1954)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Both were the basis for the 1982 movie Cannery Row, starring Nick Nolte and Debra Winger."
}
] |
The waterfront street in the New Monterey section of Monterey, California is called Cannery Row and it is on the most productive fishery in the world.
| 2 | 2 |
Cannery Row
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was Lucas' first directorial effort after a 22-year hiatus following Star Wars in 1977.The Phantom Menace was released in theaters on May 19, 1999, almost 16 years after the premiere of the previous Star Wars film, Return of the Jedi."
}
] |
Wl8UmFM8qR8nAKrm3wVI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Phantom Menace was the final Star Wars film to be shot on 35mm film until Episode VII (Star Wars: The Force Awakens)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was Lucas' first directorial effort after a 22-year hiatus following Star Wars in 1977.The Phantom Menace was released in theaters on May 19, 1999, almost 16 years after the premiere of the previous Star Wars film, Return of the Jedi."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "As with previous Star Wars films, Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace's score was composed and conducted by John Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Maul, who appears to die in The Phantom Menace, was resurrected for the animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and also appears in Star Wars Rebels and Solo: A Star Wars Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Adaptations",
"text": "The podracing tie-in Star Wars Episode"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Like previous Star Wars films, The Phantom Menace makes several references to historical events and films that George Lucas watched in his youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Star Wars: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace is a 1999 American epic space-opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm, distributed by 20th Century Fox and stars Liam Neeson, Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Jake Lloyd, Ian McDiarmid, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, Pernilla August, and Frank Oz."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Andrew Johnston of Time Out New York wrote, \"Let's face it: no film could ever match the expectations some have for Episode I – The Phantom Menace."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "At that time, the film was the third highest-grossing film in North America behind Titanic and Star Wars (1977), and the second highest-grossing film worldwide behind Titanic without adjusting for inflation of ticket prices."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | 3D re-release",
"text": "These would be re-released in episode order, beginning with The Phantom Menace, which was released to cinemas on February 10, 2012."
}
] |
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace was the first film with Lucas' directorial input after the the original in 1977.
| 0 | 0 |
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The series revolved initially around the life of the Harper brothers Charlie and Alan, and Alan's son Jake."
}
] |
WlIH27y8NvKUxpWWLJcp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Praises",
"text": "The premise of Two and a Half Men depicts two broken characters that suffer from mental issues such as anxiety, depression, and alcoholism."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Praises",
"text": "This has garnered praises from Lee Aronsohn who has stated that the premise of Two and a Half Men was created amidst many other TV series centered around mainly women, which he viewed as a serious problem in television."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "At the 2012 Emmys, Two and a Half Men was nominated for four awards and won three of them, the most Emmys the show has won in a single year since it began."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "Two and a Half Men improved ratings for this time slot, which were up from the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Two and a Half Men received mostly mixed reviews from critics throughout its run."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "The attention Two and a Half Men received due to the change in characters gave the series a boost."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Following the filming of the final episode, Stage 26 of the Warner Brothers lot was renamed the \"Two and a Half Men stage\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Jones' departure and religious conversion",
"text": "Producers explained that Jones was not expected back on the set until 2013, as his character was not scheduled to appear in the final two episodes before the winter hiatus."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Alan's experiences are somewhat different."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS for twelve seasons from September 22, 2003, to February 19, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The series revolved initially around the life of the Harper brothers Charlie and Alan, and Alan's son Jake."
}
] |
The show is about two men who suffer from different mental health problems which is off set by the "half-man" who is just the child cousin of one of the men.
| 0 | 0 |
Two and a Half Men
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With 164 victories during the 1990s, Glavine earned the second highest number of wins as a pitcher in the National League, second only to teammate Greg Maddux's 176."
}
] |
WlS6Vh4PivJ6tHgBSKpc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Glavine won four Silver Slugger Awards, ranking him second all-time for pitchers behind Mike Hampton, while being the most among Cy Young Award Winners and Hall of Famer pitchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With 164 victories during the 1990s, Glavine earned the second highest number of wins as a pitcher in the National League, second only to teammate Greg Maddux's 176."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Atlanta Braves (1987–2002)",
"text": "Glavine won his second Cy Young Award in 1998, going 20–6 with a 2.47 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Atlanta Braves (1987–2002)",
"text": "Glavine was the ace of the 1991 Braves' starting rotation that included Steve Avery, Charlie Leibrandt, and another future NL Cy Young Award winner and Hall of Fame inductee, John Smoltz."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a five-time 20-game winner and two-time Cy Young Award winner, and one of only 24 pitchers (and just 6 left-handers) in major league history to earn 300 career wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Atlanta Braves (1987–2002)",
"text": "It was his first of three consecutive seasons with 20 or more wins, and saw him earn his first National League Cy Young Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "Glavine's postseason scoreless innings streak ended in his next start."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Atlanta Braves (1987–2002)",
"text": "In Game 6, he pitched eight innings of one-hit shutout baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "He pitched 6⅓ innings and won 8–3, bringing his lifetime record to 300–197."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Glavine's 201 sacrifice bunts prior to 2007 ranked second among active players at the time, only behind Omar Vizquel."
}
] |
Tom Glavine is second in number of wins in the NL as a pitcher behind Cy Young.
| 0 | 3 |
Tom Glavine
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also practised meritocracy and encouraged religious tolerance in the Mongol Empire, unifying the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia."
}
] |
WldcP3dU7fVAMrQSvRAX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also practised meritocracy and encouraged religious tolerance in the Mongol Empire, unifying the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Birth",
"text": "Like other tribes, they were nomads."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Early life and family",
"text": "Like many of the nomads of Mongolia, Temüjin's early life was difficult."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This brought relatively easy communication and trade between Northeast Asia, Muslim Southwest Asia, and Christian Europe, expanding the cultural horizons of all three areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Mongol Empire | Politics and economics",
"text": "Many of the empire's nomadic inhabitants considered themselves Mongols in military and civilian life, including Mongols, Turks and others and included many diverse Khans of various ethnicities as part of the Mongol Empire such as Muhammad Khan."
},
{
"section_header": "Uniting the Mongol confederations | Sole ruler of the Mongol plains (1206)",
"text": "As a result, by 1206, Genghis Khan had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other disparate smaller tribes under his rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Uniting the Mongol confederations | Sole ruler of the Mongol plains (1206)",
"text": "At a Khuruldai, a council of Mongol chiefs, Genghis Khan was acknowledged as Khan of the consolidated tribes and took the new title \"Genghis Khan\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Uniting the Mongol confederations | Rift with Toghrul",
"text": "Jamukha's assumption of this title was the final breach with Genghis Khan, and Jamukha formed a coalition of tribes to oppose him."
},
{
"section_header": "Perceptions | Positive | In Mongolia",
"text": "He reinforced many Mongol traditions and provided stability and unity during a time of almost endemic warfare between tribes."
}
] |
Genghis Khan united many nomadic tribes in Northeast Asia.
| 3 | 7 |
Genghis Khan
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star."
}
] |
Wlnvdq4rNlhSqpQ95NBJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pre-production | Screenplay",
"text": "Mankiewicz based the original outline on the life of William Randolph Hearst, whom he knew socially and came to hate after being exiled from Hearst's circle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a composite character based in part upon American media barons William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick, as well as aspects of the screenwriters' own lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Influence",
"text": "Carlos Fuentes's novel The Death of Artemio Cruz was partially inspired by the film and the rock band"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Hearst's response",
"text": "Hearst's attempts to destroy the film, since 1941 references to his life and career have usually included a reference to Citizen Kane, such as the headline 'Son of Citizen Kane Dies' for the obituary of Hearst's son."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "William Alland as Jerry Thompson, a reporter for News on the March."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Influence",
"text": "The film depicts the life of Jack Reed through the eyes of Louise Bryant, much as Kane's life is seen through the eyes of Thompson and the people who he interviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Re-evaluation",
"text": "\" On another aggregator site, Metacritic, Citizen Kane has a weighted average score of 100 out of 100 based on 19 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Rights and home media",
"text": "This was partially rectified in 2016 with the release of the 75th Anniversary Edition in both the UK and US, which was a straight repackaging of the main disc from the 70th Anniversary Edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Hearst's response",
"text": "In 2012, the Hearst estate agreed to screen the film at Hearst Castle in San Simeon, breaking Hearst's ban on the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Music",
"text": "\"I kind of based the whole scene around that song,\" Welles said."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star."
}
] |
In the 1975 film Citizen Cane is based partially the life of William Randolph Hearst.
| 0 | 4 |
Citizen Kane
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was set and filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and tells the story of Walter White (Bryan Cranston), an underemployed and depressed high school chemistry teacher who is struggling with a recent diagnosis of stage-three lung cancer."
}
] |
WlveSJVrUMFbV82K0KKf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sequel feature film",
"text": "The film stars Paul reprising his role as Jesse, following the events of the series finale \"Felina\", as the character searches for his freedom."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel feature film",
"text": "Rumors of a Breaking Bad film, under the working title Greenbrier, had arisen beginning in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel feature film",
"text": "The film was released exclusively on Netflix on October 11, 2019, and was broadcast on AMC on February 16, 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel feature film",
"text": "The film was formally announced in February 2019, and was later revealed to be named El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Fan edit film",
"text": "However the film was soon taken down for copyright violation."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Fan edit film",
"text": "In 2017, French editors Lucas Stoll and Gaylor Morestin created a fan edit, simply titled Breaking Bad: The Movie, condensing the entire series into a two-hour feature film and uploaded it onto Vimeo."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Fan edit film",
"text": "They had worked on the film for around two years prior to its release."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was set and filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and tells the story of Walter White (Bryan Cranston), an underemployed and depressed high school chemistry teacher who is struggling with a recent diagnosis of stage-three lung cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "Set in Albuquerque, New Mexico, between 2008 and 2010,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "The American Film Institute listed Breaking Bad as one of the top ten television series of 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013."
}
] |
The series was set and filmed in Phoenix, Arizona.
| 4 | 5 |
Breaking Bad
|
NOCAT
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other work and later life",
"text": "Despite his accomplishments, Stearnes had to work winters in Detroit's auto plants to survive, primarily in a factory owned by Walter Briggs, who was the owner of the Detroit Tigers, a team he couldn't play for because he was black."
}
] |
WmJTqYMPw6Rm8dryTtId
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Norman Thomas \"Turkey\" Stearnes (May 8, 1901 – September 4, 1979) was an American baseball outfielder in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Stearnes is considered by some as one of the great all-around players in the history of baseball, but because of his race and his quiet personality, he never received the recognition that many believe he deserved."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work and later life",
"text": "A plaque in Stearnes' honor is on display outside the center field gate at the Tigers' home field, Comerica Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work and later life",
"text": "Despite his accomplishments, Stearnes had to work winters in Detroit's auto plants to survive, primarily in a factory owned by Walter Briggs, who was the owner of the Detroit Tigers, a team he couldn't play for because he was black."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 2001, writer Bill James ranked Stearnes as the 25th greatest baseball player of all-time and the best left fielder in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He began his career in professional baseball in 1920 with the Nashville Giants, then played for the Detroit Stars, beginning in 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work and later life",
"text": "Stearnes was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2000, 21 years after his death in Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work and later life",
"text": "His wife, Nettie Mae, a schoolteacher, who was instrumental in her husband's posthumous induction, died in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Stearnes' known career statistics include a .344 batting average, 176 home runs, 750 games, and a .621 slugging percentage."
}
] |
Turkey Stearnes never had to work outside of his baseball career.
| 0 | 2 |
Turkey Stearnes
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Russia has the world's largest forest reserves, known as \"the lungs of Europe\", second only to the Amazon Rainforest in the amount of carbon dioxide it absorbs."
}
] |
WmygfHh02oJhvwTYOzkl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Covering an area of 17,125,200 square kilometres (6,612,100 sq mi), it is the largest country in the world by area, spanning more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, stretching eleven time zones, and bordering 16 sovereign nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music and dance",
"text": "The later tradition of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era, was continued into the 20th century by Sergei Rachmaninoff."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Russia ranks as the second-most corrupt country in Europe (after Ukraine), according to the Corruption Perceptions Index."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Russia is the largest country in the world; its total area is 17,075,200 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "With a large land area the road density is the lowest of all the G8 and BRIC countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Russian is the second-most used language on the Internet after English, one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station and is one of the six official languages of the UN."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Appearing in four FIFA World Cups from 1958 to 1970, Lev Yashin is regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers in the history of football, and was chosen on the FIFA World Cup Dream Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "The enormous size of Russia and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the dominance of the humid continental climate, which is prevalent in all parts of the country except for the tundra and the extreme southwest."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "This ranks it as the country with the second most attractive personal tax system for single managers in the world after the United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Subsequently, the country has one of the oldest population in the world, with an average age of 40.3 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Russia has the world's largest forest reserves, known as \"the lungs of Europe\", second only to the Amazon Rainforest in the amount of carbon dioxide it absorbs."
}
] |
Russia has only the second greatest area of specially preserved woodland of every country on Earth.
| 0 | 0 |
Russia
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain."
}
] |
WnoM6ZsqGX4MrhHDInlB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Entertainment and performing arts",
"text": "Barcelona also is home to the Barcelona Symphony and Catalonia National Orchestra (Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona i Nacional de Catalunya, usually known as OBC), the largest symphonic orchestra in Catalonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The city also has the largest Jewish community in Spain, with an estimated 3,500 Jews living in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Spanish Civil War and the Franco period",
"text": "During the Spanish Civil War, the city, and Catalonia in general, were resolutely Republican."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Migration",
"text": "In 2016 about 59% of the inhabitants of the city were born in Catalonia and 18.5% coming from the rest of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Museums",
"text": "Several museums cover the fields of history and archaeology, like the Barcelona City History Museum (MUHBA), the Museum of the History of Catalonia, the Archeology Museum of Catalonia, the Barcelona Maritime Museum, the Music Museum of Barcelona and the privately owned Egyptian Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Spanish Civil War and the Franco period",
"text": "Barcelona remained the second largest city in Spain, at the heart of a region which was relatively industrialised and prosperous, despite the devastation of the civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent history",
"text": "Other attacks took place elsewhere in Catalonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The club's museum is the second most visited in Catalonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon, Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia."
}
] |
It is the largest city of Catalonia.
| 3 | 6 |
Barcelona
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Korean: 삼성전자; Hanja: 三星電子; RR: Samsung Jeonja; literally 'tristar electronics') is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in the Yeongtong District of Suwon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–1987: Early years",
"text": "Samsung Electric Industries was established as an industrial part of Samsung Group in January 1969 in Suwon, South Korea."
}
] |
Wo4eKA13V9Emh3wnoYA9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1995–2008: Component manufacturing and design strategy",
"text": "One such sponsorship was for the 1998 Winter Olympics held in Nagano, Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation and safety issues | DRAM price fixing",
"text": "Sufficient evidence was found and presented to Samsung and two other manufacturers during a class action lawsuit hearing."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–1987: Early years",
"text": "In the process, Samsung used technologies imported from Micron Technology of U.S for the development of DRAM and Sharp Corporation of Japan for its SRAM and ROM."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation and safety issues | Apple lawsuit",
"text": "It found that Samsung had willfully infringed on Apple's design and utility patents, and had also diluted Apple's trade dresses related to the iPhone."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation and safety issues | Apple lawsuit",
"text": "The jury found that Samsung infringed Apple's patents on iPhone's \"Bounce-Back Effect\" (US Patent No.7,469,381), \"On-screen Navigation\" (US Patent No.7,844,915), and"
},
{
"section_header": "Samsung Applications",
"text": "Samsung Link Samsung Link Samsung Kick Samsung Level"
},
{
"section_header": "Samsung Applications",
"text": "Samsung Flow Samsung Flow Samsung Music Samsung Notes"
},
{
"section_header": "Samsung Applications",
"text": "Samsung Smart Home Samsung Gear"
},
{
"section_header": "Samsung Applications",
"text": "Charm by Samsung Samsung Power Sleep"
},
{
"section_header": "Samsung Applications",
"text": "Samsung Tectiles Chef Collection"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Korean: 삼성전자; Hanja: 三星電子; RR: Samsung Jeonja; literally 'tristar electronics') is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in the Yeongtong District of Suwon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–1987: Early years",
"text": "Samsung Electric Industries was established as an industrial part of Samsung Group in January 1969 in Suwon, South Korea."
}
] |
Samsung was founded in Japan.
| 0 | 0 |
Samsung Electronics
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Roosevelt administration | Opposition to New Deal",
"text": "In the general election, Hoover delivered numerous well-publicized speeches on behalf of Landon, but Landon was defeated by Roosevelt."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Roosevelt administration | Opposition to New Deal",
"text": "In response to continued attacks on his character and presidency, Hoover wrote more than two dozen books, including The Challenge to Liberty (1934), which harshly criticized Roosevelt's New Deal."
}
] |
Wo8eB2oqAohWDDuaqB2E
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "World War I and aftermath | U.S. Food Administration",
"text": "As head of the Food Administration, Hoover gained a following in the United States, especially among progressives who saw in Hoover an expert administrator and symbol of efficiency."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I and aftermath | U.S. Food Administration",
"text": "With the U.S. mobilizing for war, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover to head the U.S. Food Administration, which was charged with ensuring the nation's food needs during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Post–World War II",
"text": "Hoover favored the United Nations in principle, but he opposed granting membership to the Soviet Union and other Communist states."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the outbreak of World War I, he became the head of the Commission for Relief in Belgium, an international relief organization that provided food to occupied Belgium."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Roosevelt administration | Opposition to New Deal",
"text": "Hoover described the New Deal's National Recovery Administration and Agricultural Adjustment Administration as \"fascistic\", and he called the 1933 Banking Act a \"move to gigantic socialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of Commerce | Presidential election of 1928",
"text": "\" In the South, Hoover and the national party pursued a \"lily-white\" strategy, removing black Republicans from leadership positions in an attempt to curry favor with white Southerners."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Prohibition",
"text": "Hoover had hoped that the commission's public report would buttress his stance in favor of Prohibition, but the report criticized the enforcement of the Volstead Act and noted the growing public opposition to Prohibition."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I and aftermath | U.S. Food Administration",
"text": "The Food Administration shipped 23 million metric tons of food to the Allied Powers, preventing their collapse and earning Hoover great acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I and aftermath | U.S. Food Administration",
"text": "Hoover had hoped to join the administration in some capacity since at least 1916, and he obtained the position after lobbying several members of Congress and Wilson's confidant, Edward M. House."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I and aftermath | U.S. Food Administration",
"text": "Under the broad powers granted by the Food and Fuel Control Act, the Food Administration supervised food production throughout the United States, and the administration made use of its authority to buy, import, store, and sell food."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Roosevelt administration | Opposition to New Deal",
"text": "In the general election, Hoover delivered numerous well-publicized speeches on behalf of Landon, but Landon was defeated by Roosevelt."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Roosevelt administration | Opposition to New Deal",
"text": "In response to continued attacks on his character and presidency, Hoover wrote more than two dozen books, including The Challenge to Liberty (1934), which harshly criticized Roosevelt's New Deal."
}
] |
Hoover was in favor of the administration which was headed by the cousin of Teddy.
| 0 | 0 |
Herbert Hoover
|
Sports
| 10 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite coaching his final season in 1907, Naismith is still the only coach in Kansas men's basketball history with a losing record."
}
] |
WoGWHzWlkXJalxq0fIjs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Head coaching record",
"text": "He compiled a record of 55–60 and is ironically the only losing coach in Kansas history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite coaching his final season in 1907, Naismith is still the only coach in Kansas men's basketball history with a losing record."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "Naismith was, ironically, the only coach in the program's history to have a losing record (55–60)."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaching record",
"text": "In 1898, Naismith became the first basketball coach of University of Kansas also known as the first basketball coach in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaching record",
"text": "Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Phog Allen, who himself coached Hall of Fame coaches Dean Smith, Adolph Rupp, and Ralph Miller who all coached future coaches as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaching record",
"text": "Naismith is at the beginning of a massive and prestigious coaching tree, as he coached"
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "In Lawrence, James Naismith has a road named in his honor, Naismith Drive, which runs in front of Allen Fieldhouse and James Naismith Court therein are named in his honor, despite Naismith having the worst record in school history."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "The University of Kansas men's basketball program officially began following Naismith's arrival in 1898, which was six years after Naismith drafted the sport's first official rules."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "When Allen became a coach himself and told him that he was going to coach basketball at Baker University in 1904, Naismith discouraged him: \"You can't coach basketball; you just play it.\" Instead, Allen embarked on a coaching career that would lead him to be known as \"the Father of Basketball Coaching\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "After the Olympic introduction to men's basketball in 1936, women's basketball became an Olympic event in Montreal during the 1976 Summer Olympics."
}
] |
James Naismith is the only coach in Kansas men's basketball history with a losing record.
| 3 | 11 |
James Naismith
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1903 he became the first Swede to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry."
}
] |
WoNqu74BkDXAgB2L2e6L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "About 1900, Arrhenius became involved in setting up the Nobel Institutes and the Nobel Prizes."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1903 he became the first Swede to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "For the rest of his life, he would be a member of the Nobel Committee on Physics and a de facto member of the Nobel Committee on Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903, becoming the first Swedish Nobel laureate."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1905, upon the founding of the Nobel Institute for Physical Research at Stockholm, he was appointed rector of the institute, the position where he remained until retirement in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "He used his positions to arrange prizes for his friends (Jacobus van't Hoff, Wilhelm Ostwald, Theodore Richards) and to attempt to deny them to his enemies (Paul Ehrlich, Walther Nernst, Dmitri Mendeleev)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ionic disassociation",
"text": "Later, extensions of this very work would earn him the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Arrhenius was born on 19 February 1859 at Vik (also spelled Wik or Wijk), near Uppsala, Kingdom of Sweden, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, the son of Svante Gustav and Carolina Thunberg Arrhenius."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ionic disassociation",
"text": "The most important idea in the dissertation was his explanation of the fact that solid crystalline salts disassociate into paired charged particles when dissolved, for which he would win the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1901."
}
] |
Svante got the Nobel Prize in the early 1900s.
| 1 | 2 |
Svante Arrhenius
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1971–1982: Later life and death",
"text": "He died of a stroke on February 17, 1982, and was buried in Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York."
}
] |
WoPpQduGkG64QS7tXsXl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1947–1952: Lorraine Gordon",
"text": "A daughter, Barbara (affectionately known as Boo-Boo), was born on September 5, 1953 and died of cancer in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk: Dreaming of the Masters Series Vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1917–1933: Early life",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk was born two years after his sister Marion on October 10, 1917, in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, and was the son of Thelonious and Barbara Monk."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1955–1961: Riverside Records",
"text": "He willingly recorded two albums of jazz standards as a means of increasing his profile: Thelonious Monk Plays Duke Ellington (1955) and The Unique Thelonious Monk (1956)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz was established in 1986 by the Monk family and Maria Fisher."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "That's The Way I Feel Now: A Tribute to Thelonious Monk (1984),"
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Brilliant Corners: The Music of Thelonious Monk (1997) by Bill Holman"
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Green Chimneys: The Music of Thelonious Monk (1999) by Andy Summers"
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Thelonious : Fred Hersch Plays Monk (1997) by Fred Hersch"
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Gunther Schuller wrote the work \"Variants on a Theme of Thelonious Monk (Criss-Cross)\" in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1971–1982: Later life and death",
"text": "He died of a stroke on February 17, 1982, and was buried in Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York."
}
] |
Thelonious Monk expired of colon cancer.
| 0 | 0 |
Thelonious Monk
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | In Missouri",
"text": "The story begins in fictional St. Petersburg, Missouri (based on the actual town of Hannibal, Missouri), on the shore of the Mississippi River \"forty to fifty years ago\" (the novel having been published in 1884)."
}
] |
WoR2jXNdEUaXtqCgpeNb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn explores themes of race and identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The Duke and the King are two otherwise unnamed con artists whom Huck and Jim take aboard their raft just before the start of their Arkansas adventures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (or, in more recent editions, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) is a novel by Mark Twain, first published in the United Kingdom in December 1884 and in the United States in February 1885."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1973), by Robert James Dixson – a simplified version Big River: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a 1985 Broadway musical with lyrics and music by Roger Miller"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1955), starring Thomas Mitchell and John Carradine"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In the 2001 The Simpsons episode \"Simpsons Tall Tales\", this is based off scenes from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "The teacher, John Foley, called for replacing Adventures of Huckleberry Finn with a more modern novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Perennially popular with readers, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has also been the continued object of study by literary critics since its publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1939) by MGM; directed by Richard Thorpe; starring Mickey Rooney as Huck"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1960), directed by Michael Curtiz, starring Eddie Hodges and Archie Moore"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | In Missouri",
"text": "The story begins in fictional St. Petersburg, Missouri (based on the actual town of Hannibal, Missouri), on the shore of the Mississippi River \"forty to fifty years ago\" (the novel having been published in 1884)."
}
] |
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn starts in London.
| 0 | 0 |
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "These include the Tamil street theatre, terukkuttu and kattaikkuttu, the plays of which use themes from the Tamil language versions of Mahabharata, focusing on Draupadi."
}
] |
Wp45uwWUbp1kf7KMs8M6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "Many regional versions of the work developed over time, mostly differing only in minor details, or with verses or subsidiary stories being added."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "This Javanese version of the Mahābhārata differs slightly from the original Indian version."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "A Kawi version of the Mahabharata, of which eight of the eighteen parvas survive, is found on the Indonesian island of Bali."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "Another notable difference is the inclusion of the Punakawans, the clown servants of the main characters in the storyline."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "These include the Tamil street theatre, terukkuttu and kattaikkuttu, the plays of which use themes from the Tamil language versions of Mahabharata, focusing on Draupadi."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "Another difference is that Shikhandini does not change her sex and remains a woman, to be wed to Arjuna, and takes the role of a warrior princess during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Derivative literature",
"text": "Amar Chitra Katha published a 1,260-page comic book version of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Jain version",
"text": "The main battle is not the Mahabharata, but the fight between Krishna and Jarasandha (who is killed by Krishna)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or puruṣārtha (12.161)."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Critical Edition",
"text": "This work is sometimes called the \"Pune\" or \"Poona\" edition of the Mahabharata."
}
] |
There are more than four different regional versions of the Mahabharata.
| 1 | 4 |
Mahabharata
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Fox lived in St. Thomas Township, Pennsylvania, after his playing days were over."
}
] |
Wp6aXuQ3o3KaCwGDg6m0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1959 season",
"text": "In Game 5, Fox scored the only run when Sherm Lollar hit into a double play in the fourth inning (this was only the second time that a World Series game did not have an RBI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Fox was born on Christmas Day 1927 in St. Thomas Township, Pennsylvania, a rural area just west of Chambersburg, in south central Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2001, a Pennsylvania state historical marker was dedicated to honor Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "Fox started his professional baseball career with the Lancaster team of the Pennsylvania Interstate League and the Jamestown Falcons where he hit .314."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Fox lived in St. Thomas Township, Pennsylvania, after his playing days were over."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "He co-owned and managed Nellie Fox Bowl in Chambersburg after retiring from baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Defensive skills",
"text": "Fox was one of the best second basemen in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Later seasons",
"text": "In 1951, Fox hit more triples (12) than he had strikeouts (11)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues",
"text": "Fox appeared in 88 of the Athletics games that season, and contributed to 68 of the team's double plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues",
"text": "The Athletics traded Fox to the Chicago White Sox for Joe Tipton on October 29, 1949."
}
] |
Fox resided in Pennsylvania after he quit baseball.
| 2 | 4 |
Nellie Fox
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008)."
}
] |
WpO3qDrg5iuviFmcXz6c
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "Lego released building sets and mini-figures based on the film and incorporating other DC Comic characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Hardy based Bane's voice on several influences, which include Bartley Gorman, and the character's comic book heritage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "In North America, it is the thirteenth-highest-grossing film, the second-highest-grossing 2012 film, as well as the sixth-highest-grossing superhero film and film based on comics."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Many have named it one of the best films of 2012, and one of the best superhero films of all-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "Critical reaction to the prologue was positive, with one critic commenting that \"no one gets to make a film on this kind of scale anymore."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Design | Production design",
"text": "One of the things that makes his Batman movies so compelling is their tone of plausibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Rises an approval rating of 87% based on 363 reviews, and a rating average of 7.99/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "The film reveals his legal name to be Robin John Blake, an homage to Batman's sidekick in the comics, Robin."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The message I wanted to put out there was that no one is taking anyone's digital cameras away."
}
] |
It is based on a spiderman comic.
| 1 | 5 |
The Dark Knight Rises
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" It was re-released in 1985, and again in 2002, to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes."
}
] |
WpOprZeGnbxNysLKTMNo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "[he] never had and a father that [he] didn't feel [he] had anymore\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Ford's face is never seen. The film began shooting in September 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The film was shot so adults, except for Dee Wallace, are never seen from the waist up in its first half, as a tribute to Tex Avery's cartoons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" It was re-released in 1985, and again in 2002, to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes."
}
] |
E.T. was never re-released.
| 2 | 5 |
E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1965 to 1979, he was a pitcher for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics and New York Yankees."
}
] |
WpR0afHwrDWPGnCsWQCQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "New York was closer to his home in North Carolina and the team played on natural grass."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "When you play with guys like that, you feel blessed.\" Hunter has been the subject of multiple popular culture references."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Hunter is interred at Cedarwood Cemetery in Hertford, adjacent to the field where he played high school baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Hunter won 63 games in his five seasons with the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "The Yankees won three straight pennants with Hunter from 1976 to 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played linebacker and offensive tackle in football as well as shortstop, cleanup batter, and pitcher in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "Hunter never played in the minor leagues and his first major league victory came on July 27, 1965 in Fenway Park against the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "While with the Yankees, Hunter was a resident of Norwood, New Jersey, preferring to live outside of New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "In 1976, Hunter won 17 games, led the Yankees in complete games and innings pitched, and was again named to the All-Star team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Two weeks after he won his arbitration, Hunter became the highest-paid player in baseball and highest-paid pitcher in history when he signed a five-year contract with the New York Yankees worth $3.35 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1965 to 1979, he was a pitcher for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics and New York Yankees."
}
] |
Hunter played for the Cubs and the Yankees.
| 0 | 0 |
Catfish Hunter
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 2001 until her death, she also served in the Italian Senate as a Senator for Life."
}
] |
Wq9ySZ7iVhbtKzzFVkGr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "After she duplicated the results of her home laboratory experiments, Hamburger offered her a research associate position, which she held for 30 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In a 2006 interview she said, \"I never had any hesitation or regrets in this sense... My life has been enriched by excellent human relations, work and interests."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "Levi-Montalcini earned a Nobel Prize along with Stanley Cohen in 1986 in the physiology or medicine category."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "In September 1946, Levi-Montalcini was granted a one-semester research fellowship in the laboratory of Professor Viktor Hamburger at Washington University in St. Louis; he was interested in two of the articles Levi-Montalcini had published in foreign scientific journals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with colleague Stanley Cohen for the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rita Levi-Montalcini (US: , Italian: [ˈriːta ˈlɛːvi montalˈtʃiːni]; 22 April 1909 – 30 December 2012) was an Italian Nobel laureate, honored for her work in neurobiology."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "Levi-Montalcini lost her assistant position in the anatomy department after a 1938 law barring Jews from university positions was passed."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "The two earned their Nobel Prizes for their research in to the nerve growth factor (NGF), the protein that causes cell growth due to stimulated nerve tissue."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1986, Levi-Montalcini and collaborator Stanley Cohen received the Nobel Prize in Medicine, as well as the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "She later retired from that position in 1979, however continued to be involved as a guest professor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 2001 until her death, she also served in the Italian Senate as a Senator for Life."
}
] |
Rita Levi-Montalcini had little interest in politics and never held any positions of power, though one was offered after her Nobel prize.
| 0 | 0 |
Rita Levi-Montalcini
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In 1616, Ieyasu died at age 73."
}
] |
WqXLY8XiU0yjstffe5xY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ōgosho (1605–1616) | Siege of Osaka",
"text": "He was now a young daimyō living in Osaka Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu in popular culture | Impostor theory",
"text": "After Motonobu replaced him, Motoyasu fled and lived a hermit's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu in popular culture | Impostor theory",
"text": "Motonobu went in Motoyasu's stead and was considered a more suitable \"heir\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Ōgosho (1605–1616) | Siege of Osaka",
"text": "His wife, Senhime (a granddaughter of Ieyasu), pleaded to save Hideyori and Yodo-dono's lives."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Hideyoshi, after three more months of increasing sickness, died on September 18, 1598."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu in popular culture | Impostor theory",
"text": "The idea was made more popular in modern times by the historians, Tokutomi Sohō and Yasutsugu Shigeno."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Son of a minor daimyo, Tokugawa once lived as a hostage, on behalf of his father, under another Daimyo."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Ieyasu was a master strategist and he may have concluded that he would be better off with Mitsunari leading the enemy army rather than one of the regents, who would have more legitimacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life (1542–1556)",
"text": "An army under the command of Imagawa Sessai laid siege to the castle where Oda Nobuhiro, Nobuhide's eldest son and the new head of the Oda, was living."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu in popular culture | Honnōji theory",
"text": "While they usually accept the historically known facts about Ieyasu's actions during Mitsuhide's betrayal, theorists tend to pay more attention to the events before."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In 1616, Ieyasu died at age 73."
}
] |
Tokugawa Ieyasu lived for more than 7 decades.
| 2 | 3 |
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the most sacred book, and is read by millions of people every year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Maharishi Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, the legendary Aishwarya Ravi Kosala Kingdom."
}
] |
Wqu1sudc9CqPh3VNLqS4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal father, the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal husband and the ideal king."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual History & Structure",
"text": "The Ramayana text has several regional renderings, recensions and sub recensions."
},
{
"section_header": "Period",
"text": "By tradition, the text belongs to the Treta Yuga, second of the four eons (Yuga) of Hindu chronology."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence on culture and art",
"text": "The story ushered in the tradition of the next thousand years of massive-scale works in the rich diction of regal courts and Hindu temples."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ramayana was an important influence on later Sanskrit poetry and Hindu life and culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Foes Of Ram",
"text": "After performing severe penance for ten thousand years he received a boon from the creator-god Brahma: he could henceforth not be killed by gods, demons, or spirits."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual History & Structure",
"text": "According to Hindu tradition, Ramayana takes place during a period of time known as Treta Yuga."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Maharishi Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, the legendary Aishwarya Ravi Kosala Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Hindu tradition, it is considered to be the Adi-kavya (first poem)."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "According to Hindu tradition, Rama is an incarnation (Avatar) of god Vishnu."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the most sacred book, and is read by millions of people every year."
}
] |
The Ramayana text has several thousand readers, and it narrates the life of Sita's ideal relationship in Hindu tradition.
| 0 | 0 |
Ramayana
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Local context",
"text": "Salem Village (present-day Danvers, Massachusetts) was known for its fractious population, who had many internal disputes, and for disputes between the village and Salem Town (present-day Salem)."
}
] |
WrYkl3Nu7bQuxytY3FaV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The grand juries and trials for this capital crime were conducted by a Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 and by a Superior Court of Judicature in 1693, both held in Salem Town, where the hangings also took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was not unique, but a Colonial American example of the much broader phenomenon of witch trials in the early modern period, which took place also in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Witch cake",
"text": "Hale did not mention Tituba as having any part of it, nor did he identify when the incident took place."
},
{
"section_header": "In literature, media and popular culture",
"text": "The story of the witchcraft accusations, trials and executions has captured the imagination of writers and artists in the centuries since the event took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Local context",
"text": "Salem Village (present-day Danvers, Massachusetts) was known for its fractious population, who had many internal disputes, and for disputes between the village and Salem Town (present-day Salem)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Spectral evidence",
"text": "The publication A Tryal of Witches, related to the 1662 Bury St Edmunds witch trial, was used by the magistrates at Salem when looking for a precedent in allowing spectral evidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693."
},
{
"section_header": "In literature, media and popular culture",
"text": "As the trials took place at the intersection between a gradually disappearing medieval past and an emerging enlightenment, and dealt with torture and confession, some interpretations draw attention to the boundaries between the medieval and the post-medieval as cultural constructions."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources and early discussion",
"text": "Several traveled to Salem in order to gather information about the trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and closure",
"text": "Events in Salem and Danvers in 1992 were used to commemorate the trials."
}
] |
Salem witch trials took place in current day Salem, Oregon.
| 0 | 3 |
Salem witch trials
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1742 and defined by Fielding as a \"comic epic poem in prose\", it is the story of a good-natured footman's adventures on the road home from London with his friend and mentor, the absent-minded parson Abraham Adams."
}
] |
WsEPIK9x4EPKaDjrvBda
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Andrews, or The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his Friend Mr. Abraham Adams, was the first published full-length novel of the English author Henry Fielding, and among the first novels in the English language."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage adaptation",
"text": "Joseph Andrews, a stage adaptation of the first and fourth books of the novel, was written by Samuel Jackson Pratt and performed on 20 April 1778 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book I",
"text": "Joseph and Adams's stay in the inn is capped by one of many burlesque, slapstick digressions in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1742 and defined by Fielding as a \"comic epic poem in prose\", it is the story of a good-natured footman's adventures on the road home from London with his friend and mentor, the absent-minded parson Abraham Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Fielding, Henry Joseph Andrews and Shamela."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Fielding, Henry Joseph Andrews and Shamela."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "As becomes apparent from the first few chapters of the novel, in which Richardson and Cibber are parodied mercilessly, the real germ of Joseph Andrews is Fielding's objection to the moral and technical limitations of the popular literature of his day."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book I",
"text": "Joseph Andrews is the brother of Richardson's Pamela and is of the same rustic parentage and patchy ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Reliable paperback editions include: Fielding, Henry Joseph Andrews with Shamela and Related Writings."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Criticism",
"text": "Art: Art: A Study of Joseph Andrews. (Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1959) [no ISBN]."
}
] |
The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his Friend Mr. Abraham Adams by Joseph Andrews is a novel written in 1652 making it one of the oldest English novels.
| 0 | 0 |
Joseph Andrews
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center, emerging in the 9th century and reaching its greatest prominence in the 14th century."
}
] |
WsL2b9xfkHHMO580R8jW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Painting",
"text": "In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Venice, along with Florence and Rome, became one of the most important centres of art in Europe, and numerous wealthy Venetians became patrons of the arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Festivals",
"text": "The Carnival of Venice is held annually in the city, It lasts for around two weeks and ends on Shrove Tuesday."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "The city of Venice in Italy has played an important role in the development of the music of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Although there is little specific information about the earliest years, it is likely that an important source of the city's prosperity was the trade in slaves, captured in central Europe and sold to North Africa and the Levant."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern age",
"text": "During the 18th century, Venice became perhaps the most elegant and refined city in Europe, greatly influencing art, architecture, and literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "From this beginning Venice developed as an important typographic center."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "the 16th century , Venice became one of the most important musical centers of Europe, marked by a characteristic style of composition (the Venetian school) and the development of the Venetian polychoral style under composers such as Adrian Willaert, who worked at St Mark's Basilica."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism | Diverting cruise ships",
"text": "Over 1.5 million people per year arrive in Venice on cruise ships."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Glass",
"text": "Despite efforts to keep Venetian glassmaking techniques within Venice, they became known elsewhere, and Venetian-style glassware was produced in other Italian cities and other countries of Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Venice was a major center for commerce and trade, as it controlled a vast sea-empire, and became an extremely wealthy European city and a leader in political and economic affairs,."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center, emerging in the 9th century and reaching its greatest prominence in the 14th century."
}
] |
Venice became an important city in the last years.
| 2 | 2 |
Venice
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to a Nightingale\" is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn, Hampstead, London or, according to Keats' friend Charles Armitage Brown, under a plum tree in the garden of Keats' house at Wentworth Place, also in Hampstead."
}
] |
WsZvQsAK7AVVdtNlDgqJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Of Keats's six major odes of 1819, \"Ode to Psyche\", was probably written first and \"To Autumn\" written last."
},
{
"section_header": "In music",
"text": "\"Ode to a Nightingale\" is the subject matter for Ben Moore's piece, \"Darkling, I listen,\" a song-cycle written for baritone in 2010, commissioned by Bruce and Suzie Kovner."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | 20th-century criticism",
"text": "Keats's Ode to a Nightingale and Shelley's Ode to a Skylark are two of the glories of English literature; but both were written by men who had no claim to special or exact knowledge of ornithology as such.\" Sidney Colvin, in 1920, argued, \"Throughout this ode"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It is possible that \"Ode to a Nightingale\" was written between 26 April and 18 May 1819, based on weather conditions and similarities between images in the poem and those in a letter sent to Fanny Brawne on May Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to a Nightingale\" is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn, Hampstead, London or, according to Keats' friend Charles Armitage Brown, under a plum tree in the garden of Keats' house at Wentworth Place, also in Hampstead."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Later critical responses",
"text": "When describing the poem compared to the rest of English poetry, Bate argued in 1963, \"Ode to a Nightingale\" is among \"the greatest lyrics in English\" and the only one written with such speed: \"We are free to doubt whether any poem in English of comparable length and quality has been composed so quickly.\" In 1968, Robert Gittins stated, \"It may not be wrong to regard [Ode on Indolence and Ode on Melancholy] as Keats's earlier essays in this [ode] form, and the great Nightingale and Grecian Urn as his more finished and later works."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The exact order the poems in which the poems were written is also unknown, but they form a sequence within their structures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | 20th-century criticism",
"text": "in any reading of the 'Ode to a Nightingale' the turmoil will not down."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Sometime between these two, he wrote \"Ode to a Nightingale\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The exact date of \"Ode to a Nightingale\", as well as those of \"Ode on Indolence\", \"Ode on Melancholy\", and \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\", is unknown, as Keats dated all as 'May 1819'."
}
] |
The Ode to a Nightingale was written in New-York City.
| 0 | 0 |
Ode to a Nightingale
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, he managed the Browns in 1952 and the Cincinnati Reds from 1952 to 1953."
}
] |
WsbEFTH0DlcJH3ERE4RE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball schools",
"text": "Then, in 1939, Hornsby, started the \"Rogers Hornsby Baseball College\" in Hot Springs after Doan moved his School elsewhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogers Hornsby Sr. (April 27, 1896 – January 5, 1963), nicknamed \"The Rajah\", was an American baseball infielder, manager, and coach who played 23 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "He did some commentary for radio station WTMV, served as a spring-training hitting instructor for the Chicago White Sox in 1946 and the Cleveland Indians in 1947, and became a TV announcer for Chicago Cubs games in 1949.Hornsby did not become a manager or coach again until 1950, when he was hired to manage the Texas League's Beaumont Roughnecks."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston Braves",
"text": "One month into the season, manager Jack Slattery resigned, and the Braves hired Hornsby to be his replacement."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1920–1926",
"text": "In 1920, Rickey moved Hornsby to second base, where he remained for the rest of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Hornsby had played 19 games, batting .224 with one home run and seven RBIs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By the age of 15, Hornsby was already playing for several semi-professional teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Baseball experts and sportswriters consider Hornsby to be one of the greatest hitters of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "Hornsby's success in Beaumont and Seattle garnered him identical three-year offers to manage both of St. Louis' major-league teams."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1920–1926",
"text": "In early 1927, Hornsby was able to sell his shares at $105 each, enabling him to officially become a Giant."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, he managed the Browns in 1952 and the Cincinnati Reds from 1952 to 1953."
}
] |
Rogers Hornsby moved on from playing to become a baseball team manager.
| 1 | 4 |
Rogers Hornsby
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Popular culture | Adaptations",
"text": "For Catching Fire, Ross was replaced as director by Francis Lawrence; the film was released in November 2013."
}
] |
Wt3sISJfw9BuCQYSaITT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Popular culture | Adaptations",
"text": "There is a film version of the prequel that is in progress with Francis Lawrence as the director."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture | Adaptations",
"text": "Lawrence then directed Mockingjay, parts 1 and 2, released in November 2014 and November 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture | Adaptations",
"text": "For Catching Fire, Ross was replaced as director by Francis Lawrence; the film was released in November 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the time the film adaptation of The Hunger Games was released in 2012, the publisher had reported over 26 million Hunger Games trilogy books in print, including movie tie-in books."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture | Adaptations",
"text": "The cast included Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss, Josh Hutcherson as Peeta, and Liam Hemsworth as Gale."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novels have all been developed into films starring Jennifer Lawrence, with the film adaptation of Mockingjay split into two parts."
}
] |
Francis Lawrence directed all the movies.
| 4 | 5 |
The Hunger Games
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Selig was only three, Marie began taking him and his older brother, Jerry, to Borchert Field, where the minor league Milwaukee Brewers played."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Selig's interest in baseball came from his mother."
}
] |
Wu5MKPxJZHne0Cv92ur2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "Under Selig's watch, the Brewers also won seven Organization of the Year awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Selig's interest in baseball came from his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "When his quest to keep the team in Milwaukee finally failed after the 1965 season, he changed the group's name to Milwaukee Brewers Baseball Club, Inc., after the minor league baseball team he grew up watching, and devoted himself to returning Major League Baseball to Milwaukee."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "Selig's defenders point to the poor management of the team after Selig-Prieb took control as proof that Selig was not working behind the scenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "One of the games played in Milwaukee that year was against the expansion Seattle Pilots, the team that would become the Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "Selig arranged for major league games to be played at Milwaukee County Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "During Selig's tenure as club president, the Brewers participated in postseason play in 1981, when the team finished first in the American League East during the second half of the season, and in 1982, when the team made it to the World Series, under the leadership of future Hall of Famers Robin Yount and Paul Molitor."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Changes to the MLB All-Star Game",
"text": "The 2002 All-Star Game, played in Selig's hometown of Milwaukee, was tied 7–7 after nine innings, and remained tied after the bottom of the 11th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Selig Experience",
"text": "The Selig Experience is a fifteen-minute documentary showing Bud Selig's life and work for the Milwaukee Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "On August 24, 2010, a statue of Selig, the Selig Monument, commissioned by Brewers owner Mark Attanasio and designed by artist Brian Maughan, was unveiled outside Miller Park in Milwaukee."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Selig was only three, Marie began taking him and his older brother, Jerry, to Borchert Field, where the minor league Milwaukee Brewers played."
}
] |
Selig's fascination with baseball came from his mom who took him to watch the Milwaukee Brewers play.
| 2 | 7 |
Bud Selig
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sirius (, designated α Canis Majoris (Latinized to Alpha Canis Majoris, abbreviated Alpha CMa, α CMa)) is the brightest star in the night sky."
}
] |
Wu9LgJOccyghDWZ9Z3pv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Observational history | Discovery of Sirius B",
"text": "This happened during testing of an 18.5-inch (470 mm) aperture great refractor telescope for Dearborn Observatory, which was one of the largest refracting telescope lenses in existence at the time, and the largest telescope in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational history",
"text": "The brightest star in the night sky, Sirius is recorded in some of the earliest astronomical records."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "With an apparent magnitude of −1.46, Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, almost twice as bright as the second-brightest star, Canopus."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "Ideally, the sky should be very clear, with the observer at a high altitude, the star passing overhead, and the Sun low on the horizon."
},
{
"section_header": "Stellar system | Star cluster membership",
"text": "In 1909, Ejnar Hertzsprung was the first to suggest that Sirius was a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group, based on his observations of the system's movements across the sky."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational history",
"text": "Just as the appearance of Sirius in the morning sky marked summer in Greece, it marked the onset of winter for the Māori, whose name Takurua described both the star and the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After that time, its distance will begin to increase, and it will become fainter, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's night sky for the next 210,000 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sirius (, designated α Canis Majoris (Latinized to Alpha Canis Majoris, abbreviated Alpha CMa, α CMa)) is the brightest star in the night sky."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance | Modern significance",
"text": "The name of the North American satellite radio company Satellite CD Radio, Inc. was changed to Sirius Satellite Radio in November 1999, being named after \"the brightest star in the night sky\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "The ancient Chinese visualized a large bow and arrow across the southern sky, formed by the constellations of Puppis and Canis Major."
}
] |
Sirius is the largest star in the sky.
| 0 | 1 |
Sirius
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Football is the most popular sport in Uruguay."
}
] |
WuYPMLs4Rh55LxkupccZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Return to democracy (1984–present)",
"text": "According to Edy Kaufman (cited by Dr. David Altman), Uruguay at the time had the highest per capita number of political prisoners in the world. \" Kaufman, who spoke at the U.S. Congressional Hearings of 1976 on behalf of Amnesty International, estimated that one in every five Uruguayans went into exile, one in fifty were detained, and one in five hundred went to prison (most of them tortured).\" A new constitution, drafted by the military, was rejected in a November 1980 referendum."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Football is the most popular sport in Uruguay."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Besides football, the most popular sport in Uruguay is basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Agriculture",
"text": "Beef is the main export commodity of the country, totaling over $1 billion US dollars in 2006.In 2007, Uruguay had cattle herds totalling 12 million head, making it the country with the highest number of cattle per capita at 3.8."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Military",
"text": "Uruguay ranks first in the world on a per capita basis for its contributions to the United Nations peacekeeping forces, with 2,513 soldiers and officers in 10 UN peacekeeping missions."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On a per-capita basis, Uruguay contributes more troops to United Nations peacekeeping missions than any other country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It ranks second in the region on economic freedom, income equality, per-capita income and inflows of FDI."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Uruguay has by far the smallest population of any country that has won a World Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "The Uruguay national football team has won the FIFA World Cup on two occasions."
}
] |
Uruguay is known for their most popular sport, quidditch, and has the highest per capita number of political prisoners in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Uruguay
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was the 11th president of the United States, serving from 1845 to 1849."
}
] |
WwKLOPIQ8muwhe6HwXTW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Election of 1844 | Democratic nomination",
"text": "\"Who is James K. Polk?\", affecting never to have heard of him."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "Polk was not again the subject of a major biography until 1922, when Eugene I. McCormac published James K. Polk: A Political Biography."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1845–1849) | Foreign policy | Other initiatives",
"text": "The United States would use the rights granted under the Mallarino-Bidlack Treaty as a justification for its military interventions in Latin America through the remainder of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was the 11th president of the United States, serving from 1845 to 1849."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1845–1849) | Domestic policy | Judicial appointments",
"text": "Polk appointed eight other federal judges, one to the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia, and seven to various United States district courts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "James Polk quickly came to support his presidential ambitions for 1824."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1845–1849) | Foreign policy | Mexican-American War | Course of the war",
"text": "In the United States, a heated political debate emerged regarding how much of Mexico the United States should seek to annex, Whigs such as Henry Clay arguing that the United States should only seek to settle the Texas border question, and some expansionists arguing for the annexation of all of Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1845–1849) | Transition, inauguration and appointments",
"text": "Polk did not want his Cabinet to contain presidential hopefuls, though he chose to nominate James Buchanan of Pennsylvania, whose ambition for the presidency was well-known, as Secretary of State."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1845–1849) | Foreign policy | Partition of Oregon Country",
"text": "Since the signing of the Treaty of 1818, the Oregon Country had been under the joint occupation and control of the United Kingdom and the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1844 | Democratic nomination",
"text": "Despite his loss, Polk was determined to become the next vice president of the United States, seeing it as a path to the presidency."
}
] |
James K. Polk is the 9th president of the United States of America.
| 0 | 7 |
James K. Polk
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "Peter the Great had two wives, with whom he had fourteen children, three of whom survived to adulthood."
}
] |
WwfGM5mMPrND4uUHJDFx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "Will Howard as a young adult and Elliot Cowan as an adult in the radio plays Peter the Great: The Gamblers and Peter"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peter grew to be extremely tall as an adult, especially for the time period."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "It was only when Natalya died in 1694 that Peter, now aged 22, became an independent sovereign."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Grand Embassy",
"text": "He studied shipbuilding in Zaandam (the house he lived in is now a museum, the Czar Peter House) and Amsterdam, where he visited, among others, the upper-class de Wilde family."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years",
"text": "Peter decided that all of the children of the nobility should have some early education, especially in the areas of sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "Peter the Great had two wives, with whom he had fourteen children, three of whom survived to adulthood."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion",
"text": "Peter implemented a law that stipulated that no Russian man could join a monastery before the age of fifty."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "All of Peter's male children had died."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family | Issue",
"text": "By his two wives, he had fourteen children."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "The Tsaritsa had borne Peter three children, although only one, Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, had survived past his childhood."
}
] |
Only 3 of Peter the Great's children lived to an adult age.
| 1 | 1 |
Peter the Great
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth."
}
] |
WwkWcufNTZYlFbd3876T
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novel sequel",
"text": "It is based on the original novel's sequel, Gump and Co. written by Winston Groom in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Author payment controversy",
"text": "Winston Groom was paid $350,000 for the screenplay rights to his novel Forrest Gump and was contracted for a 3 percent share of the film's net profits."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Script",
"text": "The film is based on the 1986 novel by Winston Groom."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, \"I've never met anyone like Forrest Gump in a movie before, and for that matter I've never seen a movie quite like 'Forrest Gump.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson and Sally Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Forrest Gump was released in the United States on July 6, 1994 and received favorable reviews for Zemeckis' directing, Sinise and Hanks' performances, the visual effects, the music and the screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbolism | Political interpretations",
"text": "\"In 1995, National Review included Forrest Gump in its list of the \"Best 100 Conservative Movies\" of all time, and ranked it number four on its 25 Best Conservative Movies of the Last 25 Years list."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel sequel",
"text": "The screenplay for the sequel was written by Eric Roth in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel sequel",
"text": "On the very first page of the sequel novel, Forrest Gump tells readers \"Don't never let nobody make a movie of your life's story,\" though \"Whether they get it right or wrong, it doesn't matter."
}
] |
The movie Forrest Gump was written and directed by Winston Groom.
| 0 | 0 |
Forrest Gump
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rigveda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेदः ṛgvedaḥ, from ṛc \"praise\" and veda \"knowledge\") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns."
}
] |
WxYAHAhmst4b4yuLvAaO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its early layers are one of the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Manuscripts | Comparison",
"text": "Almost all of the 1875 verses found in Samaveda are taken from different parts of the Rigveda, either once or as repetition, and rewritten in a chant song form."
},
{
"section_header": "Commentaries and Translations | Western and other Authors",
"text": "Karl Friedrick Geldner completed the earliest scholarly translation of Rigveda in 1920s, in German."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Collection and organisation",
"text": "This collection was an effort to reconcile various factions in the clans which were united in the Kuru kingdom under a Bharata king."
},
{
"section_header": "Dating & Timeline | Transmission",
"text": "Attempts to write the Vedas may have been made \"towards the end of the 1st millennium BCE\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Collection and organisation",
"text": "This collection was re-arranged and expanded in the Kuru Kingdom, reflecting the establishment of a new Bharata-Puru lineage and new srauta rituals."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Collection and organisation",
"text": "BC.The surviving form of the Rigveda is based on an early Iron Age collection that established the core 'family books' (mandalas 2–7, ordered by author, deity and meter) and a later redaction, coeval with the redaction of the other Vedas, dating several centuries after the hymns were composed."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Collection and organisation",
"text": "According to Witzel, the initial collection took place after the Bharata victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings, under king Sudās, over other Puru kings."
},
{
"section_header": "Dating & Timeline | Transmission",
"text": "The early attempts may have been unsuccessful given the Smriti rules that forbade the writing down the Vedas, states Witzel."
},
{
"section_header": "Commentaries and Translations | Western and other Authors",
"text": "The Rigveda is the earliest, the most venerable, obscure, distant and difficult for moderns to understand – hence is often misinterpreted or worse: used as a peg on which to hang an idea or a theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rigveda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेदः ṛgvedaḥ, from ṛc \"praise\" and veda \"knowledge\") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns."
}
] |
The collection of songs, The Rigveda, is one of the earliest writings in an Indo-European language.
| 0 | 0 |
Rig Veda
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "True Blood is an American fantasy horror drama television series produced and created by Alan Ball."
},
{
"section_header": "Ratings",
"text": "True Blood is HBO's most watched series since The Sopranos."
}
] |
WxaagO9Dw5TOuG57RRy4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Marketing",
"text": "Actors and writers from True Blood appeared in the documentaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Marketing",
"text": "HBO produced and broadcast two documentaries to promote True Blood, entitled \"True Bloodlines\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Title sequence",
"text": "The opening sequence of TRUE BLOOD contains shots that are composed of original documentaries, tabletop photography, studio and found footage which are completely handmade."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Marketing",
"text": "The network then launched a True Blood jewelry line in collaboration with New York-based designer Udi Behr."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Marketing",
"text": "The premiere of True Blood was prefaced with a viral marketing/alternate reality game (ARG) campaign, based at BloodCopy.com, throughout the summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Marketing",
"text": "A MySpace account with the username \"Blood\" had, as of June 19, uploaded two videos; one entitled \"Vampire Taste Test – True Blood vs Human\", and one called \"BloodCopy Exclusive INTERVIEW WITH SAMSON THE VAMPIRE\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Marketing",
"text": "In September 2009, HBO filed a trademark registration with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a possible future electronic game based on True Blood."
},
{
"section_header": "Ratings",
"text": "True Blood is HBO's most watched series since The Sopranos."
},
{
"section_header": "DVD and Blu-ray releases",
"text": "The True Blood DVDs have been consistent best-sellers in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Noting that there's a definite difference between the characters and storylines portrayed in True Blood and the ones depicted in The Southern Vampire Mysteries, he described Harris as being very understanding in terms of how her work was being reinterpreted."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "True Blood is an American fantasy horror drama television series produced and created by Alan Ball."
}
] |
True Blood is a documentary movie based on a true story.
| 0 | 0 |
True Blood
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson's gentle nature was legendary, and to this day he is held up as an example of good sportsmanship, while his name has become synonymous with friendly competition."
}
] |
WxfilbEf30Y1th2LzMg1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His gentle nature was legendary, and to this day he is held up as an example of good sportsmanship, while his name has become synonymous with friendly competition."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson's gentle nature was legendary, and to this day he is held up as an example of good sportsmanship, while his name has become synonymous with friendly competition."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson was also friendly with Babe Ruth, despite Ruth's having hit some of his longest home runs off him at Griffith Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson, moreover, pitched with a sidearm motion, whereas power pitchers are usually known for pitching with a straight-overhand delivery."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Hall of Fame",
"text": "Johnson, Ty Cobb, Christy Mathewson, Babe Ruth and Honus Wagner were known as the \"Five Immortals\" because they were the first players chosen for the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Virtually all batters were concerned about being hit by Johnson's fastball, and many would not \"dig in\" at the plate because of that concern."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" They were voted for by baseball fans online as part of the Franchise Four competition and were \"selected as the most impactful players\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was also called \"Sir Walter\", \"the White Knight\", and \"The Gentle Johnson\" because of his gentlemanly sportsmanship, and \"Barney\" after auto racer Barney Oldfield (he got out of a traffic ticket when a teammate in the car told the policeman"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His managing record was 529–432, with his best team managed being in 1930, when the team finished 94–60, 8 games out of first place."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His earned run average of 1.14 in 1913 was the fourth-lowest ever at the time he recorded it; it remains the sixth-lowest today, despite having been surpassed by Bob Gibson in 1968 (1.12) for lowest ERA ever by a 300+ inning pitcher."
}
] |
Johnson was known for being very competitive and having poor sportsmanship.
| 1 | 4 |
Walter Johnson
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Widely considered to be one of the greatest and most consistent hitters in baseball history, Musial was a first-ballot inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969, and was also selected to the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame in the inaugural class of 2014."
}
] |
Wy4yDR2ubULVG9leXzb5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After completing his military service during the war, Musial returned to baseball in 1946 and resumed his consistent hitting."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1946–1949",
"text": "Musial soon stopped focusing on hitting home runs and resumed his consistent offensive production by the end of"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Noted for his unique batting stance, he quickly established himself as a consistent and productive hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Widely considered to be one of the greatest and most consistent hitters in baseball history, Musial was a first-ballot inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969, and was also selected to the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame in the inaugural class of 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1960–1963",
"text": "Just as he had recorded two base hits in his major league debut, Musial finished his last game with two hits, as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1941–1944)",
"text": "The Browns took a 2–1 lead, while Musial hit .250 with no RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1960–1963",
"text": "Even if Musial had hit safely 207 times (the average of his hits in the 2 years before and the 2 years after his service in the navy) in 1945, he still would have been 354 hits short of tying Ty."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1960–1963",
"text": "His career hit total was evenly split between 1,815 hits at home and 1,815 hits on the road."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1950–1954",
"text": "The only player besides Musial to hit five home runs in a doubleheader is Nate Colbert, who achieved the feat in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1941–1944)",
"text": "Musial was hitting .315 by late June, as the Cardinals resumed battling the Dodgers for first place in the National League (NL)."
}
] |
Musial was consistent at hitting the baseball.
| 2 | 6 |
Stan Musial
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in 1946 in Zanzibar to Parsi-Indian parents, he attended English-style boarding schools in India from the age of eight and returned to Zanzibar after secondary school."
}
] |
Wy5V2F8S01tRB8mDNGvk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Portrayal on stage",
"text": "It presented Mercury in the hereafter: examining his life, seeking redemption and searching for his true self."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Continued popularity",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "According to his longtime assistant Peter Freestone, \"if Freddie had his way, he would have been born aged 18 in Feltham.\" Harris states, \"One of the things about Freddie was that he was very civilised and quite ‘English’."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Portrayal on stage",
"text": "On 24 November 1997, a monodrama about Freddie Mercury's life, titled Mercury: The Afterlife and Times of a Rock God, opened in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British singer, songwriter, record producer, and lead vocalist of the rock band Queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mercury was born with four supernumerary incisors, to which he attributed his enhanced vocal range."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1969, he joined Liverpool-based band Ibex, later renamed Wreckage, which played \"very Hendrix-style, heavy blues\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "The whereabouts of his ashes are believed to be known only to Austin, who has said that she will never reveal them."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "The bill, which included 232 broken glasses, was presented to Queen's manager, Jim Beach."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in 1946 in Zanzibar to Parsi-Indian parents, he attended English-style boarding schools in India from the age of eight and returned to Zanzibar after secondary school."
}
] |
Freddie Mercury was known for his stage present and was born in Liverpool.
| 0 | 0 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spacek was born on December 25, 1949, in Quitman, Texas, the daughter of Virginia Frances (née Spilman; December 18, 1917 – November 10, 1981) and Edwin Arnold Spacek Sr. (July 3, 1910 – January 7, 2001), a county agricultural agent."
}
] |
WyFZ0B0tRtLe6lAmvXX1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Texas, Spacek initially aspired to a career as a singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spacek's father was of three quarters Czech (Moravian) and one quarter Sudeten-German ancestry; her paternal grandparents were Mary (Cervenka) and Arnold A. Spacek (who served as mayor of Granger, Texas, in Williamson County)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s–2010s",
"text": "In 2008, Spacek had a supporting part in the Christmas comedy Four Christmases and a lead role in the independent drama Lake City."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spacek was born on December 25, 1949, in Quitman, Texas, the daughter of Virginia Frances (née Spilman; December 18, 1917 – November 10, 1981) and Edwin Arnold Spacek Sr. (July 3, 1910 – January 7, 2001), a county agricultural agent."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Violets Are Blue (1986). They have two daughters, Schuyler Fisk (born July 8, 1982) and Madison Fisk (born September 21, 1988)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert has credited the movie's success \"to the performance by Sissy Spacek as Loretta Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spacek's mother, who was of English and Irish descent, was from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "\" In addition, Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice wrote \"Sissy Spacek – yes, I'm flabbergasted – is simple and faithful as Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Sissy Spacek uses her freckled pallor and whitish eyelashes to suggest a squashed, groggy girl who could go in any direction; at times, she seems unborn – a fetus."
}
] |
Sissy Spacek was born on Christmas in Texas.
| 0 | 0 |
Sissy Spacek
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and origins",
"text": "Struck by his mother's tale of how she cried as a child when she heard of the French capitulation to the Germans at Sedan in 1870, he developed a keen interest in military strategy."
}
] |
WygJePfk6V1CXA4DWIEl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic | Algeria",
"text": "Such actions greatly angered the pieds-noirs and their military supporters."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | New elections and resignation",
"text": "it\". De Gaulle outlined a programme of further nationalisations and a new economic plan which were passed, but a further row came when the Communists demanded a 20 percent reduction in the military budget."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: the Fall of France | Battle of France: Briare and Tours",
"text": "He then returned to attend a cabinet meeting, at which it was clear that there was a growing movement for an armistice, and which decided that the government should move to Bordeaux rather than de Gaulle's preference for Quimper in Brittany."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: leader of the Free French in exile | De Gaulle and Pétain: rival visions of France",
"text": "A newspaper France was also soon set up."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Curbing the Communist Resistance",
"text": "Believing them to be a dangerous revolutionary force, de Gaulle moved to break up the liberation committees and other militias."
},
{
"section_header": "1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic",
"text": "By including in his ideal of Europe all the territory up to the Urals, de Gaulle was implicitly offering détente to the Soviets."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: leader of the Free French in exile | Appeal from London",
"text": "They also \"took note\" of the plan to establish a French National Committee (FNC) in exile, but did not mention de Gaulle by name."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Between the wars | 1930s: staff officer",
"text": "Instead de Gaulle, drawing on plans he had drawn up in 1928 for reform of that institution, asked Pétain to create a special post for him which would enable him to lecture on \"the Conduct of War\" both to the École de Guerre and to the Centre des Hautes Études Militaires (CHEM – a senior staff college for generals, known as the \"school for marshals\"), and also to civilians at the École Normale Supérieure, and to civil servants."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Between the wars | Early 1930s: proponent of armoured warfare",
"text": "I's alliance with the Turks against the Emperor Charles V."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Officer cadet and lieutenant",
"text": "1910.De Gaulle took up his place at St Cyr in October 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and origins",
"text": "Struck by his mother's tale of how she cried as a child when she heard of the French capitulation to the Germans at Sedan in 1870, he developed a keen interest in military strategy."
}
] |
Charles de Gaulle was intrigued by military plans of action growing up.
| 2 | 2 |
Charles de Gaulle
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Heiress is a 1949 American drama film produced and directed by William Wyler and starring Olivia de Havilland as Catherine Sloper, Montgomery Clift as Morris Townsend, and Ralph Richardson as Dr. Sloper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written by Ruth and Augustus Goetz, adapted from their 1947"
}
] |
Wze9EJR0fOYGuNsIogx2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "After seeing The Heiress on Broadway, Olivia de Havilland approached William Wyler about directing her in a screen adaptation of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "play The Heiress. The play was suggested by the 1880 novel Washington Square by Henry James."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "He has brought the full-bodied people very closely and vividly to view, while maintaining the clarity and sharpness of their personalities, their emotions and their styles ... The Heiress is one of the handsome, intense and adult dramas of the year.\"TV"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Heiress is a 1949 American drama film produced and directed by William Wyler and starring Olivia de Havilland as Catherine Sloper, Montgomery Clift as Morris Townsend, and Ralph Richardson as Dr. Sloper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written by Ruth and Augustus Goetz, adapted from their 1947"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Ralph Richardson would later reprise the role of Austin Sloper in a London production of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In 1992, the film has made its Philippine adaptation titled \"Ikaw Pa Lang ang Minahal\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Drama"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The adaptation was written by Raquel Villavicencio, produced by Armida Siguion-Reyna, and directed by Carlos Siguion-Reyna."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Heiress received universal critical acclaim and won four Academy Awards."
}
] |
The Heiress is a drama movie that was adapted from a play.
| 0 | 0 |
The Heiress
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City."
}
] |
WzgE5nU378gAbIN54zgt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Tradebook",
"text": "Its \"buyside\" services include access to trading algorithms, analytics and marketing insights, while its \"sellside\" services include connection to electronic trading networks and global trading capabilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Tradebook",
"text": "Bloomberg Tradebook is an electronic agency brokerage for equity, futures, options and foreign exchange trades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. provides financial software tools and enterprise applications such as analytics and equity trading platform, data services, and news to financial companies and organizations through the Bloomberg Terminal (via its Bloomberg Professional Service), its core revenue-generating product."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Within a few years, Bloomberg launched ancillary products including Bloomberg Tradebook (a trading platform) and the Bloomberg Messaging Service."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions",
"text": "On July 9, 2014, Bloomberg L.P. acquired RTS Realtime Systems, a global provider of low-latency connectivity and trading support services."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions | Barclays indices business",
"text": "The company will be renamed Bloomberg Index Services Limited."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Olszewski v. Bloomberg L.P.",
"text": "Olszewski also claimed that male employees at the company engaged in the “sexual degradation of women” and that the company “took no steps to prevent or curtail the ongoing sexual harassment of female employees by Michael Bloomberg.”"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In late 1996, Bloomberg bought back one-third of Merrill Lynch's 30 percent stake in the company for $200 million, valuing the company at $2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company has 167 locations and nearly 20,000 employees."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bloomberg L.P. v. Bloomberg Ltd",
"text": "On October 22, 2008, Bloomberg L.P. applied for a change of name of Bloomberg Ltd, under s.69(1)(b) of the Companies Act 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City."
}
] |
Bloomberg L.P. is a publicly traded company .
| 2 | 4 |
Bloomberg L.P.
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The branching pattern exhibited by xylem follows Murray's law."
}
] |
WzytstznFODkpKdgM8Th
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Primary and secondary xylem",
"text": "Many non-monocot angiosperms become trees, and the secondary xylem of these is used and marketed as hardwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary and secondary xylem",
"text": "Many conifers become tall trees: the secondary xylem of such trees is used and marketed as softwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The branching pattern exhibited by xylem follows Murray's law."
},
{
"section_header": "Main function – upwards water transport",
"text": "Transporting sap upwards becomes more difficult as the height of a plant increases and upwards transport of water by xylem is considered to limit the maximum height of trees."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "However, according to Grew, capillary action in the xylem would raise the sap by only a few inches; in order to raise the sap to the top of a tree, Grew proposed that the parenchymal cells become turgid and thereby not only squeeze the sap in the tracheids but force some sap from the parenchyma into the tracheids."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "Specialized water transport tissues soon evolved in the form of hydroids, tracheids, then secondary xylem, followed by an endodermis and ultimately vessels."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "In living plants, pitted tracheids do not appear in development until the maturation of the metaxylem (following the protoxylem)."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "This allowed plants to fill more of their stems with structural fibers, and also opened a new niche to vines, which could transport water without being as thick as the tree they grew on."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary and secondary xylem",
"text": "Metaxylem develops after the protoxylem but before secondary xylem."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary and secondary xylem",
"text": "Within this group secondary xylem is rare in the monocots."
}
] |
Xylem does not follow any laws but is a non-monocot becoming trees and marketed as hardwood.
| 1 | 2 |
Xylem
|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Southworth had a son, Billy Southworth Jr., and a cousin, Bill Southworth, who both played professional baseball."
}
] |
X0tdw2OoU0Gx7uOcFDA2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Billy Southworth Jr. later became a professional baseball player for several seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Southworth had a son, Billy Southworth Jr., and a cousin, Bill Southworth, who both played professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "He had four older brothers who played baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He is also a member of the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Southworth decided to play baseball against his father's wishes."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Southworth was elected after receiving 13 votes from the 16-member Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Cardinals",
"text": "However, another personal family tragedy struck when on February 15, 1945, his son, Billy Jr., by then a United States Army Air Forces major, died when his Boeing B-29 Superfortress crashed into Flushing Bay, New York after taking off from Mitchel Field, New York, on a training flight to Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "Late in the season, Southworth received word that Billy Jr. had been accidentally shot by a neighbor in Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Southworth was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died in 1969. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2008."
}
] |
Billy had 2 family members that played professional baseball as well.
| 1 | 8 |
Billy Southworth
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2012, he founded the production company Seven Bucks Productions, which has since produced several films and other entertainment projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | Return to WWE | Feud with John Cena (2011–2013)",
"text": "On July 23, at Raw 1000, The Rock announced he would wrestle for the WWE Championship at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view."
}
] |
X16qV2fZatXSEJlhZD1c
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dwayne Douglas Johnson (born May 2, 1972), also known by his ring name The Rock, is an American-Canadian actor, producer, businessman, retired professional wrestler, and former American football player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2012, he founded the production company Seven Bucks Productions, which has since produced several films and other entertainment projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | Record-breaking world champion (2000–2002)",
"text": "The match was billed as \"icon versus icon\", with both men representing the top tier of two generations of wrestling; ultimately The Rock pinned Hogan at WrestleMania X8."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and philanthropy",
"text": "In 2006, Johnson founded the Dwayne Johnson Rock Foundation, a charity working with at-risk and terminally ill children."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work",
"text": "In 2012, Johnson founded his production company, Seven Bucks Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dwayne Douglas Johnson was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California, to Ata Johnson (née Maivia; born 1948) and former professional wrestler Rocky Johnson (born Wayde Douglas Bowles; 1944–2020)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | WWF Champion and rise to superstardom (1998–2000)",
"text": "My Ass match at SummerSlam. Shortly after SummerSlam, The Rock began teaming with former opponent Mankind and the two became known as The Rock 'n' Sock Connection."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work",
"text": "In 2013, Johnson hosted and produced the TNT reality competition series The Hero."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | Return to WWE | Feud with John Cena (2011–2013)",
"text": "On the March 12, 2012 episode of Raw"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | Legacy and career assessment",
"text": "Raw 1000 was the highest rated Raw episode of 2012 and"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | Return to WWE | Feud with John Cena (2011–2013)",
"text": "On July 23, at Raw 1000, The Rock announced he would wrestle for the WWE Championship at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view."
}
] |
Dwayne Johnson produced a professional wrestling pay-per-view match known as RAP Ultimate Showdown in 2012.
| 0 | 1 |
Dwayne Johnson
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Turkish cuisine is largely the heritage of Ottoman cuisine."
}
] |
X1HL2gxS71RjyC75uyUH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "In the early years of the Republic, a few studies were published about regional Anatolian dishes but cuisine did not feature heavily in Turkish folkloric studies until the 1980s, when the fledgling tourism industry encouraged the Turkish state to sponsor two food symposia."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Turkish cuisine is largely the heritage of Ottoman cuisine."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Since the fall of the empire in World War I (1914–1918) and the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923, foreign food such as French hollandaise sauce and Western fast food have made their way into the modern Turkish diet."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "The Turkish pine is mostly found in Turkey and other east Mediterranean countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Prior to the symposia, the study of Turkish culinary culture was first popularised by the publication of Süheyl Ünver's Fifty Dishes in Turkish History in 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Media and cinema",
"text": "The broadcast media have a very high penetration as satellite dishes and cable systems are widely available."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Other key sectors of the Turkish economy are banking, construction, home appliances, electronics, textiles, oil refining, petrochemical products, food, mining, iron and steel, and machine industry."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace",
"text": "It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "By the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman court housed over 1,400 live-in cooks and passed laws regulating the freshness of food."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Turkey is home to two of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the world's oldest religious site Göbekli Tepe, and numerous other World Heritage Sites."
}
] |
Turkish food is mostly the heritage of Irish dishes.
| 3 | 5 |
Turkey
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He worked as a railway ticket clerk before being hired in 1911 as the personal secretary to Ban Johnson, president of baseball's American League."
}
] |
X1WOkU7nTtpIz6SmSEUm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Harridge was neither ticketed nor charged in the accident."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In 1927, Harridge became the American League secretary."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Will Harridge was born in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge often cited a 1932 incident as his most difficult decision in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge faced some criticism for his involvement in allowing Arnold Johnson, a business associate of"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge decided that Veeck was making a mockery of baseball and cancelled Gaedel's contract the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1967, Harridge was driving through Wilmette when he struck and killed architect Barry Byrne of Evanston."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Harridge died at age 87 in Evanston, Illinois, and is interred in Memorial Park in Skokie, Illinois"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The American League Championship Series trophy is named the William Harridge Trophy in Harridge's honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Though Dickey was a star player with the most powerful franchise in baseball, Harridge issued him a $1,000 fine and a thirty-day suspension."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He worked as a railway ticket clerk before being hired in 1911 as the personal secretary to Ban Johnson, president of baseball's American League."
}
] |
Will Harridge was a cashier at Walmart.
| 2 | 5 |
Will Harridge
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon in Fort William, Calcutta measuring 4.30 × 5.50 metres ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "that, after the fall of Fort William, the surviving British soldiers, Anglo-Indian soldiers, and Indian civilians were imprisoned overnight in conditions so cramped that many people died from suffocation and heat exhaustion, and that 123 of 146 prisoners of war imprisoned there died."
}
] |
X1YUIUd8iQDbshgHV1XJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Holwell account",
"text": "By nine o'clock several had died, and many more were delirious."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon in Fort William, Calcutta measuring 4.30 × 5.50 metres ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "that, after the fall of Fort William, the surviving British soldiers, Anglo-Indian soldiers, and Indian civilians were imprisoned overnight in conditions so cramped that many people died from suffocation and heat exhaustion, and that 123 of 146 prisoners of war imprisoned there died."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "In the period drama Turn: Washington's Spies, the character of John Graves Simcoe claims in Season 4 that he was born in India and that his father died in the Black Hole of Calcutta after being tortured. (In historical reality, Simcoe was born in England and his father died of pneumonia)."
},
{
"section_header": "The Holwell account",
"text": "The physical description of the Black Hole of Calcutta corresponds with Holwell’s point of view: The dungeon was a strongly barred room, and was not intended for the confinement of more than two or three men at a time."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "In the science-fiction novel Omega: The Last Days of the World (1894), by Camille Flammarion, the Black Hole of Calcutta is mentioned for the suffocating properties of Carbonic-Oxide (Carbon Monoxide) upon the British soldiers imprisoned in that dungeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The English officers and merchants based in Kolkata were rounded up by the forces loyal to Siraj ud-Daulah and forced into a dungeon known as the \"Black Hole\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Imperial aftermath",
"text": "The Black Hole of Calcutta was later used as a warehouse."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Movies",
"text": "In an episode of the British comedy Peep Show, the character Mark is quoted as saying \"The more, the merrier, they said as another poor soul was crammed into the Black Hole of Calcutta.\" The Black Hole of Calcutta was referenced early in the movie, \"Albert, R.N.\" (renamed, \"Break to Freedom\"), a 1953 British film dealing with a German prisoner-of-war camp for allied naval officers."
},
{
"section_header": "The Holwell account",
"text": "After seeking a place in the fort to confine the prisoners (including Holwell), at 8.00 p.m., the jailers locked the prisoners in the fort’s prison — “the black hole” in soldiers' slang — a small room that measured 4.30 × 5.50 metres ("
}
] |
The Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon where prisoners were kept and many died.
| 0 | 0 |
Black Hole of Calcutta
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Dialysis",
"text": "Dialysis may be instituted when approximately 85%-90% of kidney function is lost, as indicated by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15."
}
] |
X1tKGMUg6wPYoDTnoouA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Dialysis",
"text": "Dialysis is a treatment that substitutes for the function of normal kidneys."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Dialysis",
"text": "Dialysis may be instituted when approximately 85%-90% of kidney function is lost, as indicated by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Dialysis",
"text": "Dialysis can occur via the blood (through a catheter or arteriovenous fistula), or through the peritoneum (peritoneal dialysis) Dialysis is typically administered three times a week for several hours at free-standing dialysis centers, allowing recipients to lead an otherwise essentially normal life."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Gene and protein expression",
"text": "Just over 300 genes are more specifically expressed in the kidney, with only some 50 genes being highly specific for the kidney."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Dialysis",
"text": "Life expectancy is 5–10 years for those on dialysis; some live up to 30 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Dialysis",
"text": "Dialysis removes metabolic waste products as well as excess water and sodium (thereby contributing to regulating blood pressure); and maintains many chemical levels within the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dialysis and kidney transplantation are used to treat kidney failure; one (or both sequentially) of these are almost always used when renal function drops below 15%."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance",
"text": "Nephrology is the subspeciality under Internal Medicine that deals with kidney function and disease states related to renal malfunction and their management including dialysis and kidney transplantation."
},
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "The microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Measuring function",
"text": "Various calculations and methods are used to try to measure kidney function."
}
] |
Dialysis is done when the kidneys lose 50 percent of their function.
| 4 | 6 |
Kidney
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogers Hornsby Sr. (April 27, 1896 – January 5, 1963), nicknamed \"The Rajah\", was an American baseball infielder, manager, and coach who played 23 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
}
] |
X2NMwFrItfd8NeUGip5L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals and Browns",
"text": "On May 31, his pinch-hit single in the ninth inning gave the Browns an 11–10 win over the Detroit Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "Hornsby won two games inserting himself as a pinch hitter in the ninth inning, including one occasion in which he drove in three runs with a bases-loaded double."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had 2,930 hits and 301 home runs in his career; his career batting average of .358 is second only to Ty Cobb, at .367, in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogers Hornsby Sr. (April 27, 1896 – January 5, 1963), nicknamed \"The Rajah\", was an American baseball infielder, manager, and coach who played 23 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "He finished his MLB managerial career with a record of 701–812.Following his dismissal from the Reds, Hornsby worked as a coach for the Chicago Cubs from 1958 to 1960 before becoming a scout and third base coach for the New York Mets in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1920–1926",
"text": "He also repeated as the leader in on-base percentage (.459) and slugging percentage (.627).Hornsby raised his average to .424 in 1924, which is the fourth-highest batting average in a single season in MLB history, and the live-ball era batting average record."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1920–1926",
"text": "Hornsby initially declined the job."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "Hornsby was not well received by the players, however."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball schools",
"text": "Then, in 1939, Hornsby, started the \"Rogers Hornsby Baseball College\" in Hot Springs after Doan moved his School elsewhere."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1915–1919",
"text": "Rowe sued Hornsby for $15,000 ($254,967 today), but Hornsby eventually settled for a smaller, undisclosed amount, and the case was dismissed."
}
] |
Hornsby was referred to as "The Rajah" in MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Rogers Hornsby
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 2011, Kunis was escorted by Sgt. Scott Moore to a United States Marine Corps Ball in Greenville, North Carolina."
}
] |
X3lRAfW8reYG1mLsKxKP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "\"Kunis began dating her former That '70s"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "Kunis began dating actor Macaulay Culkin in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The event celebrated the Marine Corps' 236th anniversary."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "I say that Lacey did a phenomenal job, but there was something about Mila – something very natural about Mila."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2009–2012: Film breakthrough and acclaim",
"text": "In 2012, Kunis co-starred with Mark Wahlberg in Ted, her most commercially successful film to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "MacFarlane added: \"What Mila Kunis brought to it was in a lot of ways, I thought, almost more right for the character."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 2011, Kunis was escorted by Sgt. Scott Moore to a United States Marine Corps Ball in Greenville, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2008: Transition to film",
"text": "I think Mila just knocked it out of the park."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–present: continued work",
"text": "The film went on to earn more than $183.9 million with a budget of $20 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kunis had accepted Moore's invitation in July after he posted it as a YouTube video while serving with the 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marine Regiment, in Afghanistan's Helmand province."
}
] |
Mila Kunis went on a date with a Marine.
| 0 | 0 |
Mila Kunis
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC."
}
] |
X3oI4fi9qhm1yQMjqfa1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Contemporary accounts reported that 498 people lost their lives, though modern estimates put the number in the several thousands."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education, households, and income",
"text": "San Francisco also has the highest percentage of same-sex households of any American county, with the Bay Area having a higher concentration than any other metropolitan area."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education, households, and income",
"text": "452,986 people (56%) lived in rental housing units, and 327,985 people (41%) lived in owner-occupied housing units."
},
{
"section_header": "Education | Early education",
"text": "All 4-year-old children living in San Francisco are offered universal access to preschool through the Preschool for All program."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Cityscape | Neighborhoods",
"text": "New skyscrapers, live-work lofts, and condominiums dot the area."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and contemporary life | LGBT",
"text": "In 2013, over 1.5 million people attended, around 500,000 more than the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By the mid-2000s (decade), the social media boom had begun, with San Francisco becoming a popular location for tech offices and a common place to live for people employed in Silicon Valley companies such as Apple and Google."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The explosion of jobs drew many people, especially African Americans from the South, to the area."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population, with 4.7 million people, and the fourth-largest by economic output, with GDP of $549 billion in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment and recreation | Performing arts",
"text": "San Francisco has a large number of theaters and live performance venues."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC."
}
] |
People have lived in the San Francisco area for thousands of years.
| 0 | 0 |
San Francisco
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lemmon was born on February 8, 1925, in an elevator at Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Massachusetts."
}
] |
X4956AYVgdzfoJ5LblAE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple's daughter, Courtney, was born in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lemmon was born on February 8, 1925, in an elevator at Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lemmon was married twice. His first wife was actress Cynthia Stone, with whom he had a son, Chris Lemmon (born 1954), but the couple divorced over their incompatibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Uhler Lemmon II was of Irish heritage, and Jack Lemmon was raised Catholic."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lemmon was a registered Democrat."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1949–1965: Early years",
"text": "Lemmon received Oscar nominations for his performances in Some Like it"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1949–1965: Early years",
"text": "Lemmon starred in six films directed by Quine."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1949–1965: Early years",
"text": "Lemmon became a professional actor, working on radio and Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1949–1965: Early years",
"text": "Lemmon worked with director Billy Wilder on seven films."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–2001: Later career",
"text": "Lemmon received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1988."
}
] |
Lemmon was born at home.
| 0 | 0 |
Jack Lemmon
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Timeline | September 1692",
"text": "On September 19, 1692, Giles Corey refused to plead at arraignment, and was killed by peine forte et dure, a form of torture in which the subject is pressed beneath an increasingly heavy load of stones, in an attempt to make him enter a plea."
}
] |
X4AI0xsRwWq9cZLdgGz8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"At the 300th anniversary events in 1992 to commemorate the victims of the trials, a park was dedicated in Salem and a memorial in Danvers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Touch test",
"text": "If the accused witch touched the victim while the victim was having a fit, and the fit stopped, observers believed that meant the accused was the person who had afflicted the victim."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to historian George Lincoln Burr, \"the Salem witchcraft was the rock on which the theocracy shattered."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Formal prosecution: The Court of Oyer and Terminer",
"text": "all confessed to being witches."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Formal prosecution: The Court of Oyer and Terminer",
"text": "And this did somewhat appease the People, and the Executions went on; when he [Mr. Burroughs] was cut down, he was dragged by a Halter to a Hole, or Grave, between the Rocks, about two feet deep; his Shirt and Breeches being pulled off, and an old pair of Trousers of one Executed put on his lower parts: he was so put in, together with Willard and Carrier,"
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Witch cake",
"text": "The story is drawn from John Hale's book about the trials, but in his account, only one of the girls, not a group of them, had confessed to him afterward that she had once tried this."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources and early discussion",
"text": "Samuel Willard, minister of the Third Church in Boston was a onetime strong supporter of the trials and of spectral evidence but became increasingly concerned as the Mathers crushed dissent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In November 2001, an act passed by the Massachusetts legislature exonerated five people, while another one, passed in 1957, had previously exonerated six other victims."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and closure | Reversals of attainder and compensation to the survivors and their families",
"text": "The first indication that public calls for justice were not over occurred in 1695 when Thomas Maule, a noted Quaker, publicly criticized the handling of the trials by the Puritan leaders in Chapter 29 of his book Truth Held Forth and Maintained, expanding on Increase Mather by stating, \"it were better that one hundred Witches should live, than that one person be put to death for a witch, which is not a Witch\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Spectral evidence",
"text": "The publication A Tryal of Witches, related to the 1662 Bury St Edmunds witch trial, was used by the magistrates at Salem when looking for a precedent in allowing spectral evidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | September 1692",
"text": "On September 19, 1692, Giles Corey refused to plead at arraignment, and was killed by peine forte et dure, a form of torture in which the subject is pressed beneath an increasingly heavy load of stones, in an attempt to make him enter a plea."
}
] |
One of the victims of the Salem witch trials was killed by being slowly crushed underneath a pile of rocks.
| 0 | 0 |
Salem witch trials
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Renewable sources—geothermal and hydropower—provide effectively all of Iceland's electricity and around 85% of the nation's total primary energy consumption, with most of the remainder consisting of imported oil products used in transportation and in the fishing fleet."
}
] |
X4aqSJuViLH6A5sBN8eG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "It is also one of a few countries capable of producing hydrogen in adequate quantities at a reasonable cost, because of Iceland's plentiful renewable sources of energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Iceland has considerable renewable energy resources, especially geothermal energy and hydropower resources, and most of the potential has not been developed, partly because there is not enough demand for additional electricity generation capacity from the residents and industry of Iceland; the United Kingdom is interested in importing inexpensive electricity from renewable sources of energy, and this could lead to further development of the energy resources."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Renewable sources—geothermal and hydropower—provide effectively all of Iceland's electricity and around 85% of the nation's total primary energy consumption, with most of the remainder consisting of imported oil products used in transportation and in the fishing fleet."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "It is also the location of the capital Reykjavík, the northernmost national capital in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The capital and largest city is Reykjavík."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Iceland's largest geothermal power plants are Hellisheiði and Nesjavellir, while Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant is the country's largest hydroelectric power station."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "About 85 percent of total primary energy supply in Iceland is derived from domestically produced renewable energy sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "The ranking of geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition (GeGaLo Index) places Iceland first out of 156 countries, making it the main geopolitical winner in the global energy transition."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Iceland is one of the few countries that have filling stations dispensing hydrogen fuel for cars powered by fuel cells."
}
] |
Iceland's capital is Reykjavík and the country runs almost completely on renewable energy like geothermal and flux capacitors.
| 2 | 2 |
Iceland
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, it was seventh-highest valued sports franchise in the United States, and tied for tenth in the world."
}
] |
X557osFcrcAVnjLSElIV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2014–2019: The Strength In Numbers Dynasty",
"text": "On May 10, 2016, Stephen Curry was named the NBA's Most Valuable Player (MVP) for the second straight season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, it was seventh-highest valued sports franchise in the United States, and tied for tenth in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2014–2019: The Strength In Numbers Dynasty",
"text": "Following the 2018 NBA Finals, writers for Sports Illustrated, USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, and the New York Daily News described the Warriors as a dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 1985–1997: The Chris Mullin era",
"text": "All three soon left the team, and the organization went into a tailspin."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2014–2019: The Strength In Numbers Dynasty",
"text": "On February 10, 2017, Draymond Green recorded a triple-double with 12 rebounds, 10 assists, and 10 steals, becoming the first player in NBA history to post a triple-double with fewer than 10 points."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Warriors are the third most valuable NBA franchise with a value estimated of $4.3 billion by Forbes."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2012–2014: Moving toward success",
"text": "One challenging factor was a tough starting schedule that saw them play 14 of their first 22 games on the road, including 10 games against teams holding playoff spots in the standings."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2019–present: Rebuilding",
"text": "At the trade deadline, the Warriors traded Russell, 2018"
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2014–2019: The Strength In Numbers Dynasty",
"text": "On May 4, Stephen Curry was named the 2014–15 NBA Most Valuable Player."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 1997–2009: Wilderness years",
"text": "Ellis was injured in a moped accident, and suspended for 30 games for riding the vehicle against the terms of his contract, depriving the Warriors of their top player."
}
] |
In 2018, the Warriors were ranked as one of the top 10 most valuable sports organizations Internationally.
| 4 | 6 |
Golden State Warriors
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation."
}
] |
X5jd6HOs4bkagPqN7hQH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Other types",
"text": "Freeze distillation is an analogous method of purification using freezing instead of evaporation."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Zone distillation",
"text": "Zone distillation is a distillation process in long container with partial melting of refined matter in moving liquid zone and condensation of vapor in the solid phase at condensate pulling in cold area."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Steam distillation",
"text": "This process involves bubbling steam through a heated mixture of the raw material."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Other types",
"text": "Unlike distillation, freeze distillation concentrates poisonous congeners rather than removing them; As a result, many countries prohibit such applejack as a health measure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation."
},
{
"section_header": "Idealized distillation model",
"text": "When a binary mixture is vaporized and the other component, e.g., a salt, has zero partial pressure for practical purposes, the process is simpler."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Zone distillation",
"text": "When zone heater is moving from the top to the bottom of the container then solid condensate with irregular impurity distribution is forming."
},
{
"section_header": "Azeotropic distillation",
"text": "Interactions between the components of the solution create properties unique to the solution, as most processes entail nonideal mixtures, where Raoult's law does not hold."
},
{
"section_header": "Distillation in food processing | Distilled beverages",
"text": "Carbohydrate-containing plant materials are allowed to ferment, producing a dilute solution of ethanol in the process."
},
{
"section_header": "Idealized distillation model | Continuous distillation",
"text": "Continuous distillation is an ongoing distillation in which a liquid mixture is continuously (without interruption) fed into the process and separated fractions are removed continuously as output streams occur over time during the operation."
}
] |
Distillation is the process of splitting a solid mixture by burning and freezing.
| 1 | 4 |
Distillation
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Charles Lasorda (born September 22, 1927) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher, coach, and manager, who is best known for his two decades managing the Los Angeles Dodgers."
}
] |
X67LTXUtpHDWukz7wA7A
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Lasorda signed with the Philadelphia Phillies as an undrafted free agent in 1945 and began his professional career that season with the Concord Weavers of the Class D North Carolina State League."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Alex's middle name of Thomas was named for Lasorda."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Thomas was named after Lasorda and it has been widely misstated by Steve Staats that Lasorda is Mike's godfather."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Charles Lasorda (born September 22, 1927) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher, coach, and manager, who is best known for his two decades managing the Los Angeles Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Lasorda is the godfather to Thomas Piazza, the younger brother of Major League Hall of Fame catcher Mike Piazza, both of whom are from Norristown."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In his next two starts, he struck out 15 and 13, gaining the attention of the Dodgers, who drafted him from the Phillies chain and sent him to the Greenville Spinners in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career | Manager of the Dodgers",
"text": "Lasorda managed nine players who won the National League Rookie of the Year award."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career | Manager of the Dodgers",
"text": "Lasorda became the Los Angeles Dodgers manager September 29, 1976, upon Alston's retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career | Manager of the Dodgers",
"text": "His 16 wins in 30 NL Championship games managed were the most of any manager at the time of his retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career | Manager of the Dodgers",
"text": "He also managed in four All-Star games."
}
] |
Thomas Lasorda managed the Philadelphia Phillies.
| 0 | 0 |
Tommy Lasorda
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written in Danish—the common written language of Denmark and Norway in Ibsen's lifetime—it is one of the most widely performed Norwegian plays."
}
] |
X6ToelE9zWCCbEo9mJCJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Peer Gynt Sculpture Park",
"text": "Created in honour of Henrik Ibsen, it is a monumental presentation of Peer Gynt, scene by scene."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peer Gynt Festival",
"text": "At Vinstra in the Gudbrandsdalen valley, Henrik Ibsen and Peer Gynt have been celebrated with an annual festival since 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Peer Gynt (, Norwegian: [ˈpeːr ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen published in 1867."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Thus, the character Peer Gynt could be interpreted as being an ironic representation of Henrik Ibsen himself."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peer Gynt Festival",
"text": "The play is staged in Peer Gynt's birthplace, where Ibsen claims he found inspiration for the character Peer Gynt, and is regarded by many as the most authentic version."
},
{
"section_header": "Language",
"text": "Peer Gynt was originally published by the Danish publisher Gyldendal in Copenhagen and targeted at both the Danish and the Norwegian market in its original language."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The portrayal of the Gynt family is known to be based on Henrik Ibsen's own family and childhood memories; in a letter to Georg Brandes, Ibsen wrote that his own family and childhood had served \"as some kind of model\" for the Gynt family."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peer Gynt Festival",
"text": "The music to the play is inspired by the original theatre music by Edvard Grieg – the \"Peer Gynt suite\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Language",
"text": "Peer Gynt was written in Danish, the common written language of Denmark and Norway since the Dano-Norwegian union and throughout Ibsen's lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" Despite this defense of his poetic achievement in Peer Gynt, the play was his last to employ verse; from The League of Youth (1869) onwards, Ibsen was to write drama only in prose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written in Danish—the common written language of Denmark and Norway in Ibsen's lifetime—it is one of the most widely performed Norwegian plays."
}
] |
The play by Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt, is in Danish
| 0 | 0 |
Peer Gynt
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Impact on Native Americans",
"text": "The four decades following the Louisiana Purchase was an era of court decisions removing many tribes from their lands east of the Mississippi, culminating in the Trail of Tears."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, France only controlled a small fraction of this area, with most of it inhabited by Native Americans; for the majority of the area, what the United States bought was the \"preemptive\" right to obtain Native American lands by treaty or by conquest, to the exclusion of other colonial powers."
}
] |
X6d022t37d7fM608LIwE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1800, Napoleon, then the First Consul of the French Republic, regained ownership of Louisiana as part of a broader project to re-establish a French colonial empire in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiation",
"text": "He engaged in back-channel diplomacy with Napoleon on Jefferson's behalf during a visit to France and originated the idea of the much larger Louisiana Purchase as a way to defuse potential conflict between the United States and Napoleon over North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "New Orleans was already important for shipping agricultural goods to and from the areas of the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, France only controlled a small fraction of this area, with most of it inhabited by Native Americans; for the majority of the area, what the United States bought was the \"preemptive\" right to obtain Native American lands by treaty or by conquest, to the exclusion of other colonial powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiation",
"text": "Alarmed over the French actions and its intention to re-establish an empire in North America, Jefferson declared neutrality in relation to the Caribbean, refusing credit and other assistance to the French, but allowing war contraband to get through to the rebels to prevent France from regaining a foothold."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic opposition and constitutionality",
"text": "When Spain later objected to the United States purchasing Louisiana from France, Madison responded that America had first approached Spain about purchasing the property, but had been told by Spain itself that America would have to treat with France for the territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Formal transfers and initial organization",
"text": "On March 9 and 10, 1804, another ceremony, commemorated as Three Flags Day, was conducted in St. Louis, to transfer ownership of Upper Louisiana from Spain to the French First Republic, and then from France to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic opposition and constitutionality",
"text": "Majority Leader John Randolph led the opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane 'Sale of Louisiana') was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on Native Americans",
"text": "The purchase of the Louisiana Territory led to the debate over the idea of indigenous land rights leading all the way into the mid 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on Native Americans",
"text": "The four decades following the Louisiana Purchase was an era of court decisions removing many tribes from their lands east of the Mississippi, culminating in the Trail of Tears."
}
] |
The Louisiana Purchase, occurring between America and the French, was purely for an area that was already cleared for colonization, and didn't result in any major incidents occurring over ownership afterwards.
| 0 | 2 |
Louisiana Purchase
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "Despite a thorough search, the revolutionaries discovered only seven prisoners in the Bastille, rather fewer than had been anticipated."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "By now around 83 of the crowd had been killed and another 15 mortally wounded; only one of the Invalides had been killed in return."
}
] |
X6kuiZkBK9qetLXdbCss
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "In the midst of this attempt, the Bastille's drawbridge suddenly came down and the revolutionary crowd stormed in."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "Just after midday, another negotiator was let in to discuss the situation, but no compromise could be reached: the revolutionary representatives now wanted both the guns and the gunpowder in the Bastille to be handed over, but de Launay refused to do so unless he received authorisation from his leadership in Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "At de Launay's request, an additional force of 32 soldiers from the Swiss Salis-Samade regiment had been assigned to the Bastille on 7 July, adding to the existing 82 invalides pensioners who formed the regular garrison."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "Sade had claimed that the authorities planned to massacre the prisoners in the castle, which resulted in the governor removing him to an alternative site in early July."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "In the coming months, over 150 broadside publications used the storming of the Bastille as a theme, while the events formed the basis for a number of theatrical plays."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "By July 1789, revolutionary sentiment was rising in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "Popular myth believes Stanislas Marie Maillard was the first revolutionary to enter to the fortress."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "After discovering that their weapons were too light to damage the main walls of the fortress, the revolutionary crowd began to fire their cannons at the wooden gate of the Bastille."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "The Bastille, already hugely unpopular with the revolutionary crowds, was now the only remaining royalist stronghold in central Paris, in addition to which he was protecting a recently arrived stock of 250 barrels of valuable gunpowder."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "Revolutionary crowds began to arm themselves during 13 July, looting royal stores, gunsmiths and armourers' shops for weapons and gunpowder."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "Despite a thorough search, the revolutionaries discovered only seven prisoners in the Bastille, rather fewer than had been anticipated."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "By now around 83 of the crowd had been killed and another 15 mortally wounded; only one of the Invalides had been killed in return."
}
] |
The storming of the Bastille resulted in over 80 dead revolutionaries, but all 7 prisoners were freed.
| 1 | 2 |
Bastille
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Commanded by Hong Xiuquan, the self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ, the goals of the Taipings were religious, nationalist, and political in nature; they sought the conversion of the Chinese people to the Taiping's syncretic version of Christianity, the overthrow of the ruling Manchus, and a wholesale transformation and reformation of the state."
}
] |
X7IYwHuG2KGtVCDpGQjF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against the God Worshipping Society."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Middle years",
"text": "He lived in luxury and had many women in his inner chamber, and often issued religious strictures."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Middle years",
"text": "Shi Dakai's objection to the bloodshed led to his family and retinue being killed by Wei and Qin with Wei ultimately planning to imprison Hong."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "They argue instead that the conflict should be called a \"civil war.\" Other historians such as Jürgen Osterhammel term the conflict \"Taiping Revolution\" because of the rebels' radical transformational objectives and the social revolution that they initiated."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "The Nian Rebellion (1853–68), and several Chinese Muslim rebellions in the southwest (Panthay Rebellion, 1855–73) and the northwest (Dungan revolt, 1862–77) continued to pose considerable problems for the Qing dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "However, the Hui Ma Xiaoshi claimed that the Shaanxi Muslim rebellion was connected to the Taiping."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "Du Wenxiu, who led the Panthay Rebellion in Yunnan, was in contact with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "After the defeat of the Li Yonghe and Lan Chaoding rebellion in Sichuan, remnants combined with Taiping forces in Shaanxi."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "As the Taiping rebellion lost ground, particularly after the fall of Nanjing in 1864, former Taiping soldiers and commanders like Lai Wenguang were incorporated into Nian ranks."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "He was not aiming his rebellion at Han Chinese, but was anti-Qing and wanted to destroy the Qing government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Commanded by Hong Xiuquan, the self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ, the goals of the Taipings were religious, nationalist, and political in nature; they sought the conversion of the Chinese people to the Taiping's syncretic version of Christianity, the overthrow of the ruling Manchus, and a wholesale transformation and reformation of the state."
}
] |
The Taiping Rebellion had religious objectives.
| 1 | 2 |
Taiping Rebellion
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Opera singer Mary Barrett (Grace Moore) leaves to study music in Milan, Italy to the disappointment of her family in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mary discovers she has stagefright as she prepares for a tour of provincial opera houses, however Giulio helps her overcome it."
}
] |
X7KQd33ArPoovYQ7qm47
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One Night of Love is a 1934 American Columbia Pictures romantic musical film set in the opera world, starring Grace Moore and Tullio Carminati."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "One Night of Love was selected as one of the ten best pictures of 1934 by Film Daily's poll of critics, and it was a \"box office champion\" during 1934.While the film did not do well in rural areas and small towns, One Night of Love was the first Columbia film to gain important bookings in the powerful Loews chain of theaters, which was a milestone in Columbia's progress."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Opera singer Mary Barrett (Grace Moore) leaves to study music in Milan, Italy to the disappointment of her family in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mary discovers she has stagefright as she prepares for a tour of provincial opera houses, however Giulio helps her overcome it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the relatively new use of sound recordings for film, One Night of Love was noted at the time for its innovative use of vertical cut recording, for which Columbia Pictures received an Academy Scientific and Technical Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Featured music",
"text": "The lyrics began \"One Night Of Love, When two hearts are one\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "WinsBest Music (Scoring): Columbia Studio Music Department, Louis Silvers, head of department (Thematic Music by Victor Schertzinger and Gus Kahn) Best Sound Recording: Columbia Studio Sound Department, John Livadary, Sound Director Scientific or Technical Award (Class III): To Columbia Pictures Corporation for their application of the Vertical Cut Disc Method (hill and dale recording) to actual studio production, with their recording of the sound on the picture One Night of Love."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2006: AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Featured music",
"text": "Grace Moore's title song \"One Night of Love\" was composed by Victor Schertzinger himself, with lyrics by Gus Kahn."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On the night of her debut in Madame Butterfly, Mary is too nervous to go on stage until she sees Giulio in his usual place in the prompter's box."
}
] |
One Night of Love is a 1934 American Columbia Pictures musical film about an opera singer with stage fright in Italy, who eventually gets the help she needed to overcome it.
| 0 | 0 |
One Night of Love
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story opens in 1897 with Buck, a powerful 140-pound St. Bernard–Scotch Collie mix, happily living in California's Santa Clara Valley as the pampered pet of Judge Miller and his family."
}
] |
X7jXKp7MuUpXgSUvGhV5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Adaptations",
"text": "A 1997 adaptation called The Call of the Wild: Dog of the Yukon starred Rutger Hauer and was narrated by Richard Dreyfuss."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Adaptations",
"text": "Chris Sanders directed another film adaptation titled The Call of the Wild, a live-action/computer-animated film, released on February 21, 2020 by 20th Century Studios."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Buck, a domesticated dog, must call on his atavistic hereditary traits to survive; he must learn to be wild to become wild, according to Tina Gianquitto."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Answering the Call of the Wild\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Call of the Wild and White Fang."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Call of the Wild and White Fang."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Call of the Wild and White Fang."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Call of the Wild and White Fang."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Call of the Wild and White Fang."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Call of the Wild and White Fang."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story opens in 1897 with Buck, a powerful 140-pound St. Bernard–Scotch Collie mix, happily living in California's Santa Clara Valley as the pampered pet of Judge Miller and his family."
}
] |
The Call of the Wild is about a dog that lives in the West Coast.
| 1 | 1 |
The Call of the Wild
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "Ethiopian police are said to have massacred 193 protesters, mostly in the capital Addis Ababa, in the violence following the May 2005 elections in the Ethiopian police massacre."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Human rights",
"text": "Recent human rights violations include the killing of 100 peaceful protestors by direct government gunfire in the Oromo and Amhara regions in 2016."
}
] |
X7k8mXgCn3OcBKHWLv7L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "The current government of Ethiopia was installed in August 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Human rights",
"text": "The latter are believed to exert an evil influence upon others; disabled infants have traditionally been murdered without a proper burial."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "The government uses press laws governing libel to intimidate journalists who are critical of its policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "The government has been engaged in a conflict with rebels in the Ogaden region since 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "Under the present government, some fundamental freedoms, including freedom of the press, are circumscribed."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "Since the 2005 elections, at least 18 journalists who had written articles critical of the government, were arrested on genocide and treason charges."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "Citizens have little access to media other than the state-owned networks, and most private newspapers struggle to remain open and suffer periodic harassment from the government."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "Meles' government was elected in 2000 in Ethiopia's first-ever multiparty elections; however, the results were heavily criticized by international observers and denounced by the opposition as fraudulent."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "The EPRDF-led government of Prime Minister Meles Zenawi promoted a policy of ethnic federalism, devolving significant powers to regional, ethnically based authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transportation",
"text": "Ethiopian Airlines is the country's flag carrier, and is wholly owned by the Government of Ethiopia."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "Ethiopian police are said to have massacred 193 protesters, mostly in the capital Addis Ababa, in the violence following the May 2005 elections in the Ethiopian police massacre."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Human rights",
"text": "Recent human rights violations include the killing of 100 peaceful protestors by direct government gunfire in the Oromo and Amhara regions in 2016."
}
] |
The government of Ethiopia has murdered crowds.
| 0 | 0 |
Ethiopia
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "The Bald Soprano appears to have been written as a continuous loop."
}
] |
X7rWz7NxRU4mQ3lZ1kCN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "Like many plays in the theatre of the absurd genre, the underlying theme of The Bald Soprano is not immediately apparent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "La Cantatrice chauve – translated from French as The Bald Soprano or The Bald Prima Donna – is the first play written by Romanian-French playwright Eugène Ionesco."
},
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "The Bald Soprano appears to have been written as a continuous loop."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the 1960s, The Bald Soprano had already been recognized as a modern classic and an important seminal work in the Theatre of the Absurd."
},
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "There was speculation that it was parody around the time of its first performance, but Ionesco states in an essay written to his critics that he had no intention of parody, but if he were parodying anything, it would be everything."
},
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "However, he ultimately settled for a cheaper solution, the cycle."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "As the fire chief turns to leave, he mentions \"the bald soprano\" in passing, which has a very unsettling effect on the others."
},
{
"section_header": "Story",
"text": "As they argue the lights fade; when they rise again, the Martins are in the Smiths' living room, repeating the same lines with which the Smiths opened the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a record number of interpretations, it has become one of the most performed plays in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "The idea for the play came to Ionesco while he was trying to learn English with the Assimil method."
}
] |
The Bald Soprano is a play in the absurd genre, written by Eugene Ionesco and is meant to to be performed in a repeating cycle.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bald Soprano
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kell also was hard to strike out; he struck out only 287 times in 6,702 at-bats during his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "A solid right-handed hitter and a sure-handed fielder, Kell was a ten-time All-Star, batted over .300 nine times and topped the league's third basemen in assists and total chances four times and in fielding percentage seven times."
}
] |
X843EjiJSbKcYR61SfXx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting | Broadcasting style",
"text": "\" , Kell traditionally opened his broadcasts with \"Good afternoon, everyone!\" or \"Good EVE-ning, everyone!\" When paired with Larry Osterman on Tigers telecasts in the late 1960s and early '70s, the opening was often \"Thank you, Larry, and good afternoon, everyone.\" Kell was also known for particular colloquialisms in his style, such as always referring to a high pitch near the batter's eyes as being \"up in his wheelhouse\", or a hard-hit home run being \"tommyhawked\" into the stands."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had one daughter, Terrie Jane, and one son, George Kell Jr. Best-selling author Elmore Leonard in the 1990 anthology Cult Baseball Players wrote that Kell was his favorite player."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting | Broadcasting style",
"text": "Kell had a relaxed, easy-going \"country gentleman\" style of announcing."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting | Broadcasting style",
"text": "A particularly good catch was exemplified by \"Speared by (Aurelio) Rodríguez!"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kell served ten years on the Arkansas State Highway Commission (1973–83) and owned a car dealership, George Kell Motors, in Newport."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting",
"text": "And now today I know that I am more deeply in debt than ever before.\" Following his retirement as a player, Kell worked as a play-by-play announcer for CBS television (1958) and the Tigers (1959–1963, 1965–1996)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "A solid right-handed hitter and a sure-handed fielder, Kell was a ten-time All-Star, batted over .300 nine times and topped the league's third basemen in assists and total chances four times and in fielding percentage seven times."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "A memorable quote from his induction speech at the Hall of Fame goes as follows, \"I have suspected for a long time that George Kell has taken more from this great game than he would ever be able to put back."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Clyde Kell (August 23, 1922 – March 24, 2009) was an American Major League Baseball third baseman who played 15 seasons for the Philadelphia Athletics (1943–1946), Detroit Tigers (1947–1952), Boston Red Sox (1952–1954), Chicago White Sox (1954–1956), and Baltimore Orioles (1956–57)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kell is survived by his second wife, Carolyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kell also was hard to strike out; he struck out only 287 times in 6,702 at-bats during his career."
}
] |
George Kell was known as a good hitter but was also known as a difficult player to go down swinging.
| 1 | 7 |
George Kell
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo."
}
] |
X8UowD1XR8oZg668oyyf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "A mosquito then tried to steal Jimmu's royal blood but since Jimmu was a god incarnate Emperor, akitsumikami (現御神), a dragonfly killed the mosquito."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "According to the chronicles Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, Jimmu's brothers were born in Takachiho, the southern part of Kyūshū in modern-day Miyazaki Prefecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, the Age of the Gods is the period before Jimmu's accession."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "The Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki then combined these three mythical dynasties into one long and continuous genealogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "She was the daughter of Ryūjin, the Japanese sea god."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "The story of Jimmu seems to rework legends associated with the Ōtomo clan (大伴氏), and its function was to establish that clan's links to the ruling family, just as those of Suijin arguably reflect Mononobe tales and"
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "The Emperor's posthumous name literally means \"divine might\" or \"god-warrior\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō) was the first Emperor of Japan according to legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "In Yamato, Nigihayahi no Mikoto, who also claimed descent from the Takamagahara gods, was protected by Nagasunehiko."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "Some media incorrectly attributed the phrase to Emperor Jimmu."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo."
}
] |
Part of Emperor Jimmu's family lore was that one of his relatives was the god of thunder and lightning.
| 2 | 4 |
Emperor Jimmu
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final months, death, and memorials",
"text": "Disraeli's executors decided against a public procession and funeral, fearing that too large crowds would gather to do him honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months, death, and memorials",
"text": "but I am not afraid to die\". The anniversary of Disraeli's death is now commemorated in the United Kingdom as Primrose Day."
}
] |
X9Fw8McVFC4QIr6NBjBw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "First term as Prime Minister; opposition leader | Opposition leader; 1874 election",
"text": "A work of fiction by a former Prime Minister was a new thing for Britain, and the book became a best seller."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as Prime Minister; opposition leader | Opposition leader; 1874 election",
"text": "The Queen sent for Disraeli, and he became Prime Minister for the second time."
},
{
"section_header": "Second government (1874–80)",
"text": "Lord Stanley (who had succeeded his father, the former Prime Minister, as Earl of Derby) became Foreign Secretary and Sir Stafford Northcote"
},
{
"section_header": "Second government (1874–80) | Foreign policy | Royal Titles Act",
"text": "An old enemy of Disraeli, former Liberal Chancellor Robert Lowe, alleged during the debate in the Commons that two previous Prime Ministers had refused to introduce such legislation for the Queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months, death, and memorials",
"text": "\" There was intense public interest in the former Prime Minister's struggles for life."
},
{
"section_header": "Office | Opposition and third term as Chancellor",
"text": "After Derby's second ejection from office, Disraeli faced dissension within Conservative ranks from those who blamed him for the defeat, or who felt he was disloyal to Derby—the former Prime Minister warned Disraeli of some MPs seeking his removal from the front bench."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as Prime Minister; opposition leader | First government (February–December 1868)",
"text": "Disraeli's term as Prime Minister, which began in February 1868, would therefore be short unless the Conservatives won the general election."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as Prime Minister; opposition leader | First government (February–December 1868)",
"text": "Disraeli was unwilling to wait, and Cairns, in his view, was a far stronger minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Office | Opposition and third term as Chancellor",
"text": "The monarch wrote to her daughter, Prussian Crown Princess Victoria, \"Mr. Disraeli is Prime Minister!"
},
{
"section_header": "Final months, death, and memorials",
"text": "Disraeli's executors decided against a public procession and funeral, fearing that too large crowds would gather to do him honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months, death, and memorials",
"text": "but I am not afraid to die\". The anniversary of Disraeli's death is now commemorated in the United Kingdom as Primrose Day."
}
] |
Former prime minister of Canada Benjamin Disraeli has a holiday celebrating him.
| 0 | 0 |
Benjamin Disraeli
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "At 5:17 pm on 30 January 1948, Gandhi was with his grandnieces in the garden of Birla House (now Gandhi Smriti), on his way to address a prayer meeting, when Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, fired three bullets into his chest from a pistol at close range."
}
] |
X9P5yNF0VGlInInu2Fnd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "According to some accounts, Gandhi died instantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "In late 1885, Gandhi's father Karamchand died."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement",
"text": "During this period, his long time secretary Mahadev Desai died of a heart attack, his wife Kasturba died after 18 months' imprisonment on 22 February 1944; and Gandhi suffered a severe malaria attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On life, society and other application of his ideas | Nai Talim, basic education",
"text": "A different basic education model, he believed, would lead to better self awareness, prepare people to treat all work equally respectable and valued, and lead to a society with less social diseases."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "His first two wives died young, after each had given birth to a daughter, and his third marriage was childless."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "There he died about 30 minutes later as one of Gandhi's family members read verses from Hindu scriptures."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Three years in London | Called to the bar",
"text": "Gandhi, at age 22, was called to the bar in June 1891 and then left London for India, where he learned that his mother had died while he was in London and that his family had kept the news from him."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars",
"text": "They fought and died as a part of the Allied forces in Europe, North Africa and various fronts of the World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Salt Satyagraha (Salt March) | Gandhi as folk hero",
"text": "Gandhi captured the imagination of the people of his heritage with his ideas about winning \"hate with love\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Salt Satyagraha (Salt March) | Gandhi as folk hero",
"text": "Gandhi also campaigned hard going from one rural corner of the Indian subcontinent to another."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "At 5:17 pm on 30 January 1948, Gandhi was with his grandnieces in the garden of Birla House (now Gandhi Smriti), on his way to address a prayer meeting, when Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, fired three bullets into his chest from a pistol at close range."
}
] |
Gandhi died from an unknown disease.
| 2 | 7 |
Mahatma Gandhi
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice."
}
] |
X9t8TNpNzTy3FJ1iKfmx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "He also dabbled with some innovation in his last years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Godfather and Last Tango in Paris",
"text": "Critics were becoming increasingly dismissive of his work and he had not appeared in a box office hit since The Young Lions in 1958, the last year he had ranked as one of the Top Ten Box Office Stars and the year of his last Academy Award nomination, for Sayonara."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Just carte blanche.\" \"Michael was instrumental helping my father through the last few years of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Godfather and Last Tango in Paris",
"text": "Who is this old guinea? \" Brando was signed for a low fee of $50,000, but in his contract, he was given a percentage of the gross on a sliding scale: 1% of the gross for each $10 million over a $10 million threshold, up to 5% if the picture exceeded $60 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Box office successes and directorial debut: 1954–1959",
"text": "Guys and Dolls would be Brando's first and last musical role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Godfather and Last Tango in Paris",
"text": "The actor followed The Godfather with Bernardo Bertolucci's 1972 film Last Tango in Paris opposite Maria Schneider, but Brando's highly noted performance threatened to be overshadowed by an uproar over the sexual content of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Brando's notoriety, his troubled family life, and his obesity attracted more attention than his late acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "This was his last role and his only role as a female character."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later work",
"text": "Unlike its immediate predecessors, Brando's last completed film, The Score (2001), was received generally positively."
}
] |
Brando's career lasted 60 years.
| 2 | 4 |
Marlon Brando
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Twilio was founded in 2008 by Jeff Lawson, Evan Cooke, and John Wolthuis and was originally based in both Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California."
}
] |
X9vJyvjhjRi6RuZ2rn2F
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Twilio received $17 million in a Series C round in December 2011 from Bessemer Venture Partners and Union Square Ventures."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reception",
"text": "It raised $10.6 million in venture funding in January 2011.Following the success of the TechCrunch Disrupt hackathon, seed accelerator 500 Startups announced the Twilio Fund, a $250,000 \"micro-fund\" to provide seed money to startups using Twilio in September 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Twilio's first A round of funding was led by Union Square Ventures for $3.7 million and its second B round of funding, for $12 million, was led by Bessemer Venture Partners."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Twilio's text messaging API was released in February 2010, and SMS shortcodes were released in public beta in July 2011.Twilio raised approximately $103 million in venture capital growth funding."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Twilio was founded in 2008 by Jeff Lawson, Evan Cooke, and John Wolthuis and was originally based in both Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A few days later on November 20, 2008, the company launched Twilio Voice, an API to make and receive phone calls completely hosted in the cloud."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In July 2013 Twilio received another $70 million from Redpoint Ventures, Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ) and Bessemer Venture Partners."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In July 2015, Twilio raised a $130 million Series E from Fidelity, T Rowe Price, Altimeter Capital Management, Arrowpoint Partners, in addition to Amazon and Salesforce."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Twilio received its first round of seed funding in March 2009 for an undisclosed amount, rumored to be around $250,000, from Mitch Kapor, The Founders Fund, Dave McClure, David G. Cohen, Chris Sacca, Manu Kumar, from K9 Ventures and Jeff Fluhr."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twilio () is a cloud communications platform as a service (CPaaS) company based in San Francisco, California."
}
] |
The company Twilio was founded in 2008 and raised over $10 million dollars in venture funding in 2011.
| 0 | 0 |
Twilio
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "As such, he belonged to the Protestant Ascendancy."
}
] |
XATirfwYze05SBZXuNv8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wellesley was born in Dublin into the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "As such, he belonged to the Protestant Ascendancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "They had Arthur in 1807 and Charles in 1808."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | India | Fourth Anglo-Mysore War",
"text": "Arthur and the 33rd sailed to join them in August."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "His mother was the eldest daughter of Arthur Hill-Trevor,"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Until his early twenties, Arthur showed little sign of distinction and his mother grew increasingly concerned at his idleness, stating, \"I don't know what I shall do with my awkward son Arthur."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | India | Leaving India",
"text": "Arthur, coincidentally, stopped on his voyage at the little island of Saint Helena and stayed in the same building to which"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as Prime Minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Arthur Wesley, the third of five surviving sons (fourth otherwise) of Anne and Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "\"A year later, Arthur enrolled in the French Royal Academy of Equitation in Angers, where he progressed significantly, becoming a good horseman and learning French, which later proved very useful."
}
] |
Arthur Wellesley was Protestant.
| 2 | 4 |
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It took McCullers five years to complete, although she interrupted the work for a few months to write the novella"
}
] |
XBUW8tnuhS8qvtng99Um
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding is a 1946 novel by Southern writer Carson McCullers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It took McCullers five years to complete, although she interrupted the work for a few months to write the novella"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretations",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding is told from the point of view of Frankie, who is a troubled adolescent."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "Text from The Member of the Wedding was used by Jarvis Cocker on his debut album, Jarvis."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding. The screenplay was adapted by Edna and Edward Anhalt and directed by Fred Zinnemann."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Young Vic theatre in London produced the stage version of The Member of the Wedding in 2007, directed by Matthew Dunster."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretations",
"text": "But some critics think it is a mistake to view The Member of the Wedding as simply a coming of age novel—a \"sweet momentary illumination of adolescence before the disillusion of adulthood,\" as it is sometimes regarded, or as Patricia Yaeger puts it, \"an economical way of learning about the pangs of growing up."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "In the original these are: It happened that green and crazy summer when Frankie was twelve years old."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "This was the summer when for a long time she had not been a member."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "She belonged to no club and was a member of nothing in the world."
}
] |
The Member of the Wedding is a novel that took four years to finish.
| 0 | 0 |
The Member of the Wedding
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
}
] |
XBjOXduIi470sw0SdOBH
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SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The division between the Guelphs and Ghibellines in Italy, fuelled by the imperial Great Interregnum, persisted until the 15th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "Pisa maintained a staunch Ghibelline stance against her fiercest rivals, the Guelph Republic of Genoa and Florence."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "In the 15th century, the Guelphs supported Charles VIII of France during his invasion of Italy at the start of the Italian Wars, while the Ghibellines were supporters of the emperor Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "At the beginning of the 13th century, Philip of Swabia, a Hohenstaufen, and his son-in-law Otto of Brunswick, a Welf, were rivals for the imperial throne."
},
{
"section_header": "In heraldry",
"text": "During the 12th and 13th centuries, armies of the Ghibelline communes usually adopted the war banner of the Holy Roman Empire —white cross on a red field—as their own."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "In the meantime Frederick marched through Tuscany hoping to capture Rome, however, he was forced to retreat, sacking the city of Benevento."
},
{
"section_header": "History | White and Black Guelphs",
"text": "Those who were not connected to either side or who had no connections to either Guelphs or Ghibellines, considered both factions unworthy of support but were still affected by changes of power in their respective cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "That city remained with the Ghibelline factions, partly as a means of preserving its independence, rather than out of loyalty to the temporal power, as Forlì was nominally in the Papal States."
},
{
"section_header": "In heraldry",
"text": "Families also distinguished their factional allegiance by the architecture of their palaces, towers, and fortresses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
}
] |
The Guelphs and Ghibellines were rival factions from the 12th through 15th centuries.
| 0 | 0 |
Guelphs and Ghibellines
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "He battled prostate and lung cancer during the final years of his life, and died on August 14, 1999 at his Louisville home."
}
] |
XBs1ErOYZNqHKVfx8NI3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "In Game 3, Robinson and Reese pulled off a double steal; both later scored on a passed ball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early playing career",
"text": "Like many players of his era, he missed three seasons due to military service."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early playing career",
"text": "He had a thrilling moment that year, hitting a grand slam in the bottom of the ninth inning to beat the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "He also was a home run threat during a time when shortstops seldom hit home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "That year, Reese had his best Series, batting .345 with 10 hits, one home run and four RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "He battled prostate and lung cancer during the final years of his life, and died on August 14, 1999 at his Louisville home."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "In 44 World Series games, he batted .272 (46-for-169) with 20 runs, 2 home runs and 16 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "In a 16-year major league career, Reese played in 2,166 games, accumulating 2,170 hits in 8,058 at bats for a .269 career batting average along with 126 home runs, 885 runs batted in and an on-base percentage of .366."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Jackie Robinson",
"text": "During pre-game infield practice at Crosley Field (the then-home of the Cincinnati Reds), Reese, the captain of the team, went over to Robinson, engaged him in conversation, and put his arm around his shoulder in a gesture of support that silenced the crowd. (According to a 2013 article on ESPN, Brian Cronin argues that the incident actually occurred in 1948 in Boston.)In response to Dodgers teammate Pete Reiser's comment about how democracy technically means that everybody's equal, Reese said \"We'll that's true, but Jackie is catching special hell because he's the only Black player."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "Reese became the Dodgers' team captain in 1950."
}
] |
Reese passed in his home due to pneumonia.
| 2 | 8 |
Pee Wee Reese
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Construction | Construction accidents and delays",
"text": "On 25 October 2005, José Pereira Lages, a technician, was killed in the LHC when a switchgear that was being transported fell on top of him."
}
] |
XBvIiSRvXsfleIXa3Jx3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Construction | Construction accidents and delays",
"text": "On 25 October 2005, José Pereira Lages, a technician, was killed in the LHC when a switchgear that was being transported fell on top of him."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Construction | Construction accidents and delays",
"text": "No one was injured. Fermilab director Pier Oddone stated \"In this case we are dumbfounded that we missed some very simple balance of forces\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Inaugural tests (2008)",
"text": "CERN next successfully sent a beam of protons in an anticlockwise direction, taking slightly longer at one and a half hours owing to a problem with the cryogenics, with the full circuit being completed at 14:59."
},
{
"section_header": "Findings and discoveries | First run (data taken 2009–2013)",
"text": "Both of them are baryons that are composed of one bottom, one down, and one strange quark."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Long Shutdown 2 (2018–2021) and beyond",
"text": "The LHC and the whole CERN accelerator complex is being maintained and upgraded."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Construction | Cost",
"text": "However, cost overruns, estimated in a major review in 2001 at around SFr 480M for the accelerator, and SFr 50M for the experiments, along with a reduction in CERN's budget, pushed the completion date from 2005 to April 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Before being injected into the main accelerator, the particles are prepared by a series of systems that successively increase their energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "lead collisions are typically done for one month per year."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Construction | Cost",
"text": "$9bn or £6.19bn as of June 2010), the LHC is one of the most expensive scientific instruments ever built."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Inaugural tests (2008)",
"text": "It took less than one hour to guide the stream of particles around its inaugural circuit."
}
] |
In 2005, Pier Oddone was killed when a switchgear that was being transported fell on him.
| 2 | 3 |
Large Hadron Collider
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Set in Glendale, California, in the 1930s, the book is the story of a middle-class housewife, Mildred Pierce, and her attempts to maintain her family's social position during the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mildred separates from Bert, her unemployed husband, and sets out to support herself and her children."
}
] |
XC2mHlc0sOdF6G4VJXlp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mildred Pierce is a 1941 hardboiled novel by James M. Cain."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mildred separates from Bert, her unemployed husband, and sets out to support herself and her children."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Mildred Pierce – a middle-class mother of two Bert Pierce –"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "With no one to turn to, Mildred confesses to Bert that she has been embezzling money from her company in order to buy Veda's love."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Veda, who has been training to become an opera singer, goes on to great fame, and Mildred's increasing obsession with her daughter leads her to use her former lover, Monty (a man who, like Mildred, lost his family's wealth at the start of the Great Depression), and his social status and connection to bring Veda back into her life."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1945",
"text": "\" These provisions made it impossible to film a literal depiction of the events in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Veda Pierce – Mildred's elder daughter"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Set in Glendale, California, in the 1930s, the book is the story of a middle-class housewife, Mildred Pierce, and her attempts to maintain her family's social position during the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 2011",
"text": "Unlike the movie version, it is almost a word-for-word dramatization of the novel, including nearly every scene and using Cain's dialogue."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1993",
"text": "A one-and-a-half hour dramatisation by John Fletcher for the Radio Noir series for Saturday Night Theatre on BBC Radio 4 was first broadcast on 26th June 1993."
}
] |
Mildred Pierce is a novel about a woman who cheats on her spouse and runs away with her children looking for a better life.
| 0 | 2 |
Mildred Pierce
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Legal purges (Épuration légale)",
"text": "Of the near 2,000 people who received the death sentence from the courts, fewer than 800 were executed."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Legal purges (Épuration légale)",
"text": "Knowing that he would need to reprieve many of the 'economic collaborators'—such as police and civil servants who held minor roles under Vichy in order to keep the country running as normally as possible—he assumed, as head of state, the right to commute death sentences."
}
] |
XC6j4sBmqwJQhsKe9vNa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Second World War: leader of the Free French in exile | Leader of the Free French",
"text": "De Gaulle lived at the Connaught Hotel in London, then from 1942 to 1944 he lived in Hampstead, North London."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Legal purges (Épuration légale)",
"text": "With so many of their former members having been hunted down and killed by the Nazis and paramilitary Milice, the Partisans had already summarily executed an estimated 4,500 people, and the Communists in particular continued to press for severe action against collaborators."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Victory in Europe",
"text": "On that day, de Gaulle wished \"Long live the United States of America\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: leader of the Free French in exile | Plane sabotage",
"text": "Only the skill of the pilot, who became aware of sabotage on takeoff, saved them."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Legal purges (Épuration légale)",
"text": "In France, collaborators were more severely punished than in most other occupied countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl də ɡol] (listen); 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II, and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to re-establish democracy in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: the Fall of France | Battle of France: Franco-British Union",
"text": "Pétain had become prime minister with a remit of seeking an armistice with Nazi Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Winter of 1944",
"text": "At the end of 1944 the coal industry and other energy companies were nationalised, followed shortly afterwards by major banks and finance houses, the merchant navy, the main aircraft manufacturers, airlines and a number of major private enterprises such as the Renault car company at Boulogne-Billancourt, whose owner had been implicated as a collaborator and accused of having made huge profits working for the Nazis."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Between the wars | Early 1930s: proponent of armoured warfare",
"text": "I's alliance with the Turks against the Emperor Charles V."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Between the wars | Mid-1920s: ghostwriter for Pétain",
"text": "De Gaulle's career was saved by Marshal Pétain, who arranged for his staff college grade to be amended to bien (\"good\"—but not the \"excellent\" which would have been needed for a general staff posting)."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Legal purges (Épuration légale)",
"text": "Of the near 2,000 people who received the death sentence from the courts, fewer than 800 were executed."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Legal purges (Épuration légale)",
"text": "Knowing that he would need to reprieve many of the 'economic collaborators'—such as police and civil servants who held minor roles under Vichy in order to keep the country running as normally as possible—he assumed, as head of state, the right to commute death sentences."
}
] |
Charles de Gaulle saved the lives of as manyas 1,200 nazi collaborators.
| 0 | 9 |
Charles de Gaulle
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s-2000s: Decline in vision",
"text": "Despite its initial success, Epcot constantly met the challenges of evolving with worldwide progress, an issue that caused the park to lose relevance and become outdated in the 1990s."
}
] |
XCHWaAPNC8ZRUl6fHDKJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Epcot (stylized as EPCOT) is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s: Concept evolves into park",
"text": "Walker also presented a family with lifetime passes for the two Walt Disney World theme parks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the 1970s, WED Enterprises began developing a second theme park for the resort to supplement Magic Kingdom, as that park's popularity grew."
},
{
"section_header": "The Official Album of Walt Disney World EPCOT Center",
"text": "The Official Album of Walt Disney World EPCOT Center was the official album for EPCOT Center in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s: Concept evolves into park",
"text": "However, the idea of EPCOT was instrumental in prompting the state of Florida to create the Reedy Creek Improvement District (RCID) and the cities of Bay Lake and Reedy Creek (now Lake Buena Vista), a legislative mechanism allowing Disney to exercise governmental powers over Walt Disney World."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Inspired by an unrealized concept developed by Walt Disney, the park opened on October 1, 1982, as EPCOT Center, and was the second of four theme parks built at Walt Disney World, after the Magic Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010-present: Transformation and redesign",
"text": "That same year, the park reported the first drop in overall attendance ranking among the four Walt Disney World Resort parks, dropping from second to third place, the first in its history."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s: Concept evolves into park",
"text": "Before it opened on October 1, 1982, Walt Disney World Ambassador Genie Field introduced E. Cardon Walker, Disney's chairman and CEO, who dedicated EPCOT Center."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s: Concept evolves into park",
"text": "After Walt Disney's death, Walt Disney Productions decided that it did not want to be in the business of running a city without Walt's guidance."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s: Concept evolves into park",
"text": "His remarks were followed by Florida Governor Bob Graham and William Ellinghaus, president of AT&T."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s-2000s: Decline in vision",
"text": "Despite its initial success, Epcot constantly met the challenges of evolving with worldwide progress, an issue that caused the park to lose relevance and become outdated in the 1990s."
}
] |
Epcot, a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, became outdated by the 1970s.
| 1 | 1 |
Epcot
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Miley Ray Cyrus (born Destiny Hope Cyrus; November 23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor."
}
] |
XCVYKEXHmRECCk18s77v
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "In 2008, she changed her name to Miley Ray Cyrus; her middle name honors her grandfather, Democratic politician Ronald Ray Cyrus from Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Miley Ray Cyrus (born Destiny Hope Cyrus; November 23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Destiny Hope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, to Leticia (Tish) Jean Finley and country singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Her birth name, Destiny Hope, expressed her parents' belief that she would accomplish great things."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Billboard's Top 125 Artists of All Time list in 2019.Cyrus was born in Franklin, Tennessee, and is a daughter of country music singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and influences",
"text": "Cyrus hoped that the release of Breakout (2008) would help distance her from this sound; the project features Cyrus experimenting with various genres."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Donny Osmond wrote of Cyrus' transition into adulthood: \"Miley will have to face adulthood..... As she does, she'll want to change her image, and that change will be met with adversity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among numerous awards and nominations, Cyrus was included on the Time 100 list in both 2008 and 2014, named MTV's Artist of the Year in 2013, and was ranked 62nd on"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Bangerz and Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz",
"text": "Reports began to surface in 2015 that Cyrus was working on two albums simultaneously, one of which she hoped to release at no charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy",
"text": "She is an avid supporter of the City of Hope National Medical Center in California, having attended benefit concerts in 2008, 2009 and 2012."
}
] |
Miley Ray Cyrus was born Destiny Hope Cyrus but her name was changed in 2008.
| 1 | 6 |
Miley Cyrus
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2017 its most successful games were Zynga Poker and Words with Friends 2, with about 57 million games being played at any given moment; and CSR Racing 2, the most popular racing game on mobile devices."
}
] |
XDEEmRrmscI0921RYpca
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zynga Inc. is an American social game developer running social video game services and founded in April 2007 with headquarters in San Francisco, California, United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2017 its most successful games were Zynga Poker and Words with Friends 2, with about 57 million games being played at any given moment; and CSR Racing 2, the most popular racing game on mobile devices."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate culture",
"text": "In 2017, Zynga donated a large sum to the University of Southern California to support the study of social mobile games, inclusive game production, and advancing diversity in the industry."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga became the Facebook app developer with the most monthly active users in April 2009, with 40 million people playing their games that month."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga also announced the Zynga API, intended to help developers build social games."
},
{
"section_header": "Board games",
"text": "As of 2012, Zynga's list of available games includes board game versions of Draw Something, a CityVille edition of Monopoly, Words with Friends, and several kids' \"Animal Games\" based on FarmVille."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship with Facebook",
"text": "In May 2017, Zynga launched Words with Friends on Facebook's newly-launched platform Instant Games, on Facebook's Messenger instant messaging app."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga's first game, Texas Hold'Em Poker, now known as Zynga Poker, was released on Facebook in July 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model",
"text": "In March, 2012, Zynga launched a separate social gaming platform, which included publishing other developers to the Zynga.com platform."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and controversies | Intellectual property infringement",
"text": "Pincus responded by saying that tower-building games have existed since SimTower (1994) and that Zynga uses mechanics and ideas developed throughout the history of video games to create the \"best in market games.\" He added that Bingo Blitz has similarities to the discontinued Zynga game Poker Blitz."
}
] |
Zynga Inc. is an American social game developer running social video game service founded in April 2007 with headquarters in San Francisco, California, United States, in which 2017, it's most successful games were Zynga Poker and Words with Friends 2, with about 57 million games being played at any given moment.
| 0 | 0 |
Zynga
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "The story | Characters | Väinämöinen",
"text": "Väinämöinen, the central character of The Kalevala, is a shamanistic hero with a magical power of song and music similar to that of Orpheus."
},
{
"section_header": "The story | Characters | Väinämöinen",
"text": "Väinämöinen is associated with playing a kantele, a Finnish stringed instrument that resembles and is played like a zither."
}
] |
XDi9mvJbL75SzGSNoKIy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Kalevala (Finnish: Kalevala, IPA: [ˈkɑle̞ʋɑlɑ]) is a 19th-century work of epic poetry compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Karelian and Finnish oral folklore and mythology."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Publishing | Finnish language",
"text": "The name \"Kalev\" appears in Finnic and Baltic folklore in many locations and the Sons of Kalev are known throughout Finnish and Estonian folklore."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "There are similarities with mythology and folklore from other cultures, for example the Kullervo character and his story bearing some likeness to the Greek Oedipus."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Lönnrot's contribution to the Kalevala",
"text": "Scholars to this day still argue about how much of the Kalevala is genuine folk poetry and how much is Lönnrot's own work - and the degree to which the text is 'authentic' to the oral tradition."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | History",
"text": "Despite this, the majority of Finnish poetry remained only in the oral tradition."
},
{
"section_header": "The story | Characters | Väinämöinen",
"text": "Väinämöinen, the central character of The Kalevala, is a shamanistic hero with a magical power of song and music similar to that of Orpheus."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Publishing | Finnish language",
"text": "The first version of Lönnrot's compilation was entitled Kalewala, taikka Wanhoja Karjalan Runoja Suomen Kansan muinoisista ajoista (\" The Kalevala, or old Karelian poems about ancient times of the Finnish people\"), also known as the Old Kalevala."
},
{
"section_header": "The story | Characters | Ilmarinen",
"text": "Seppo Ilmarinen is a heroic artificer (comparable to the Germanic Weyland and the Greek Daedalus)."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Finnish daily life | Finnish calendar",
"text": "By its other official name, the day is known as the Finnish Culture Day."
},
{
"section_header": "The story | Characters | Väinämöinen",
"text": "Väinämöinen is associated with playing a kantele, a Finnish stringed instrument that resembles and is played like a zither."
}
] |
The character of Väinämöinen in the Finnish oral folklore and mythology poetry cycle known as the Kalevala has been compared by scholars to Adam from the Hebrew Old Testament.
| 1 | 6 |
Kalevala
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 90th Academy Awards, it received eight nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director (Nolan's first Oscar nomination for directing); it went on to win for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Film Editing."
}
] |
XDnWdAaG6YHt5qHrxded
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received eight nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards, winning for Best Editing, eight at the 71st British Academy Film Awards, winning for Best Sound, and three at the 75th Golden Globe Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Michael Medved awarded it four out of four and called Hardy's performance \"outstanding\", and the action \"seamless\", declaring: \"This is not only the best WWII movie since Saving Private Ryan, it is very simply one of the greatest war movies ever made\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It also won the Best Sound award at the 71st British Academy Film Awards as well as seven nominations: for Best Film, Best Direction, Best Original Music, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Production Design, and Best Special Visual Effects."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 90th Academy Awards, it received eight nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director (Nolan's first Oscar nomination for directing); it went on to win for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Film Editing."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four and said it was one of the best war movies of the decade, describing it as \"tight, gripping, deeply involving and unforgettable ... triumph in filmmaking\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "Sue Kroll, president of Warner Bros. Worldwide Marketing and Distribution, said that it was important that Dunkirk be marketed as a summer event movie as opposed to a period war film, to highlight its \"magnificent scale and originality\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dunkirk portrays the evacuation from three perspectives: land, sea, and air."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "At the 90th Academy Awards, it was awarded Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Film Editing, with five further nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Original Score, and Best Production Design."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Farrier reaches Dunkirk just as his fuel runs out."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, it received three nominations, for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, and Best Original Score."
}
] |
Dunkirk is a war movie that won three out of eight Academy Awards.
| 3 | 4 |
Dunkirk (2017 film)
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Carranza consolidates power",
"text": "Zapata fled into the hills as his headquarters were raided, returning after a few months later to organize guerrilla resistance throughout Morelos."
},
{
"section_header": "Guerrilla warfare against Carranza",
"text": "The Convention was finally routed from Toluca, and Carranza was recognized by US President Woodrow Wilson as the head of state of Mexico in October."
}
] |
XEOBaKzSUEaJG2HrAUuF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Guerrilla warfare against Carranza",
"text": "The Zapatistas attempted to amass support for their cause by promulgating new manifestos against the hacendados, but this had little effect since the hacendados had already lost power throughout the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Guerrilla warfare against Carranza",
"text": "When Carranza's forces were poised to move into Morelos, Zapata took action."
},
{
"section_header": "Guerrilla warfare against Carranza",
"text": "Through 1916 Zapata raided federal forces from Hidalgo to Oaxaca, and Genovevo de la O fought the Carrancistas in Guerrero."
},
{
"section_header": "Guerrilla warfare against Carranza",
"text": "Though Zapata managed to take many important sites such as the Necaxa power plant that supplied Mexico City, he was unable to hold them."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Towns, streets, and housing developments called \"Emiliano Zapata\" are common across the country and he has, at times, been depicted on Mexican banknotes."
},
{
"section_header": "Guerrilla warfare against Carranza",
"text": "Even when Villa was retreating, having lost the Battle of Celaya in 1915, and when Obregón took the capital from the Conventionists who retreated to Toluca, Zapata did not open a second front."
},
{
"section_header": "Immediate aftermath of the assassination",
"text": "Other generals such as Genovevo de la O remained active in small-scale guerrilla warfare."
},
{
"section_header": "Guerrilla warfare against Carranza",
"text": "He attacked Carrancista positions with large forces trying to harry the Carrancistas in the rear as they were occupied with routing Villa throughout the Northwest."
},
{
"section_header": "Guerrilla warfare against Carranza",
"text": "The Convention was finally routed from Toluca, and Carranza was recognized by US President Woodrow Wilson as the head of state of Mexico in October."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As Carranza consolidated his power and defeated Villa in 1915, Zapata initiated guerrilla warfare against the Carrancistas, who in turn invaded Morelos, employing once again scorched-earth tactics to oust the Zapatista rebels."
},
{
"section_header": "Carranza consolidates power",
"text": "Zapata fled into the hills as his headquarters were raided, returning after a few months later to organize guerrilla resistance throughout Morelos."
}
] |
Zapata was engaged in guerrilla warfare for a time against the Mexican government.
| 2 | 3 |
Emiliano Zapata
|
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