category
stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes
int64 0
12
| gold_evidence
list | id
stringlengths 20
20
| label
stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence
list | text
stringlengths 16
429
| total_likes
int64 0
7
| total_votes
int64 0
13
| wikipedia_page
stringlengths 3
49
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at 17.Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975."
}
] |
jCMxaMG6aE5E8CcZvEqE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "From 1991-1994 Daubechies taught as a professor at Rutgers University in their Mathematics Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In January 2011 Daubechies moved to Duke University to serve as the James B. Duke Professor in the department of mathematics and electrical and computer engineering at Duke University."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1994, Daubechies moved to Princeton University, where she was active within the Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 2018, Daubechies won the William Benter Prize in Applied Mathematics from City University of Hong Kong (CityU)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She obtained her Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 1980 at Free University in Brussels."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 2010 she was awarded an honorary doctorate by The Norwegian University of Science and Technology ("
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "She also won the 2012 Nemmers Prize in Mathematics, Northwestern University, and the 2012 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Basic Sciences category (jointly with David Mumford).In 2015, Daubechies gave the Gauss Lecture of the German Mathematical Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "The Simons Foundation, a private foundation based in New York City that funds research in mathematics and the basic sciences, gave Daubechies the Math + X Investigator award, which provides money to professors at American and Canadian universities to encourage new partnerships between mathematicians and researchers other fields of science."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The name Daubechies is widely associated with the orthogonal Daubechies wavelet and the biorthogonal CDF wavelet."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at 17.Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975."
}
] |
Ingrid Daubechies did go to University at 15.
| 0 | 0 |
Ingrid Daubechies
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Although magnets and magnetism were studied much earlier, the research of magnetic fields began in 1269 when French scholar Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt mapped out the magnetic field on the surface of a spherical magnet using iron needles."
}
] |
jCXumvKp30DCmcntOU4h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Important uses and examples of magnetic field | Earth's magnetic field",
"text": "The most recent reversal occurred 780,000 years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Important uses and examples of magnetic field | Magnetic field shape descriptions",
"text": "A dipole magnetic field is one seen around a bar magnet or around a charged elementary particle with nonzero spin."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy stored in magnetic fields",
"text": "If there are no magnetic materials around then μ can be replaced by μ0."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Magnetic field due to moving charges and electric currents",
"text": "A device so formed around an iron core may act as an electromagnet, generating a strong, well-controlled magnetic field."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Magnetic field due to moving charges and electric currents",
"text": "Magnetic field lines form in concentric circles around a cylindrical current-carrying conductor, such as a length of wire."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Although magnets and magnetism were studied much earlier, the research of magnetic fields began in 1269 when French scholar Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt mapped out the magnetic field on the surface of a spherical magnet using iron needles."
},
{
"section_header": "Important uses and examples of magnetic field | Magnetic field shape descriptions",
"text": "A toroidal magnetic field occurs in a doughnut-shaped coil, the electric current spiraling around the tube-like surface, and is found, for example, in a tokamak."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation between H and B | H-field and magnetic materials",
"text": "The H field lines loop only around \"free current\" and, unlike the magnetic B field, begins and ends near magnetic poles as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions, units, and measurement | Measurement",
"text": "For instance, electrons spiraling around a field line produce synchrotron radiation that is detectable in radio waves."
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism: the relationship between magnetic and electric fields | Maxwell's equations",
"text": "The second mathematical property is called the curl, such that ∇ × A represents how A curls or \"circulates\" around a given point."
}
] |
The study of magnetic fields has only been around for five hundred years.
| 0 | 0 |
Magnetic field
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rhyme of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical Ballads."
}
] |
jDxVFopNwQjwiKsF8Wid
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rhyme of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical Ballads."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Coleridge made several modifications to the poem over the years."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "According to William Wordsworth, the poem was inspired while Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Wordsworth's sister Dorothy were on a walking tour through the Quantock Hills in Somerset."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "The Monk (a 1796 novel Coleridge reviewed), and the legend of the Flying Dutchman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "Criticism was renewed again in 1815–16, when Coleridge added marginal notes to the poem that were also written in an archaic style."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The poem received mixed reviews from critics, and Coleridge was once told by the publisher that most of the book's sales were to sailors who thought it was a naval songbook."
},
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "There were many opinions on why Coleridge inserted the gloss."
},
{
"section_header": "Coleridge's comments",
"text": "In Biographia Literaria, Coleridge wrote: The thought suggested itself (to which of us"
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "Bernard Martin argues in The Ancient Mariner and the Authentic Narrative that Coleridge was also influenced by the life of Anglican clergyman John Newton, who had a near-death experience aboard a slave ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "As they discussed Shelvocke's book, Wordsworth proffered the following developmental critique to Coleridge, which importantly contains a reference to tutelary spirits: \"Suppose you represent him as having killed one of these birds on entering the south sea, and the tutelary spirits of these regions take upon them to avenge the crime.\" By the time the trio finished their walk, the poem had taken shape."
}
] |
It is the longest major poem from the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
| 2 | 7 |
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Philip Sousa (; November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches."
}
] |
jEA0rsgY2aj3x83lnkwV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Memberships",
"text": "Sousa was a member of the Sons of the Revolution, Military Order of Foreign Wars, American Legion, Freemasons and the Society of Artists and Composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Philip Sousa (; November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Operettas",
"text": "Sousa also composed the music for six operettas that were either unfinished or not produced: The Devils' Deputy, Florine, The Irish Dragoon, Katherine, The Victory, and The Wolf."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He then returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932. (In the 1920s, he was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant commander in the naval reserve, but he never saw active service again.) He then returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932. (In the 1920s, he was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant commander in the naval reserve, but he never saw active service again.) John Philip Sousa was born in Washington, D.C., the third of ten children of João António de Sousa (John Anthony Sousa) (22 September 1824 – 27 April 1892), who was born in Spain, though of Portuguese ancestry, and his wife Maria Elisabeth Trinkaus (20 May 1826 – 25 August 1908) from Fränkisch-Crumbach, who was of German ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "He was posthumously enshrined in the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Military service",
"text": "He was also a member New York Athletic Club Post 754 of the American Legion."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jane was descended from Adam Bellis who served in the New Jersey troops during the American Revolutionary War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is known as \"The March King\" or the \"American March King\", to distinguish him from his British counterpart Kenneth J. Alford who is also known as \"The March King\"."
},
{
"section_header": "John Philip Sousa Award",
"text": "Even after death, Sousa continues to be remembered as \"The March King\" through the John Philip Sousa Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Marches",
"text": "\"Pride of the Wolverines\" (1926) \"Minnesota March\" (1927) \"New Mexico March\" (1928) \"Salvation Army March\" (1930) (dedicated to the Salvation Army's 50th anniversary in the U.S.)Sousa wrote marches for several American universities, including the University of Minnesota, University of Illinois, University of Nebraska, Kansas State University, Marquette University, Pennsylvania Military College (Widener University), and the University of Michigan."
}
] |
Sousa was an English born American composer.
| 0 | 0 |
John Philip Sousa
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "According to Smith, \"My mother, who worked for the School Board of Philadelphia, had a friend who was the admissions officer at MIT."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While it has been widely reported that Smith turned down a scholarship to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he never applied to college because he \"wanted to rap."
}
] |
jErZC6dzXdcZE3Zxwp2U
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious views",
"text": "In a 2013 interview, he did not identify as religious; however, in 2015 Smith said in an interview with The Christian Post that his Christian faith, which was instilled in him by his grandmother, helped him to accurately portray his role as Bennet Omalu in Concussion saying, \"She was my spiritual teacher"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith attended Our Lady of Lourdes, a private Catholic elementary school in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "According to Smith, \"My mother, who worked for the School Board of Philadelphia, had a friend who was the admissions officer at MIT."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious views",
"text": "She was the most spiritually certain person that I had ever met in my entire life."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious views",
"text": "He said that he felt a deep connection with Hindu spirituality and Indian astrology."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was born on September 25, 1968 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Caroline (née Bright), a Philadelphia school board administrator, and Willard Carroll Smith Sr., a U.S. Air Force veteran and refrigeration engineer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\" Smith says he was admitted to a \"pre-engineering [summer] program\" at MIT for high school students, but he did not attend."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While it has been widely reported that Smith turned down a scholarship to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he never applied to college because he \"wanted to rap."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1985–1992: The Fresh Prince",
"text": "Philadelphia-based Word Philadelphia-based Word Up Records released their first single in late 1985 to 1986 when A&R man Paul Oakenfold introduced them to Word Up with their single \"Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble,\" a tale of funny misadventures that landed Smith and his former DJ and rap partner Mark Forrest (Lord Supreme) in trouble."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2013: Leading man status",
"text": "Later that month, Smith starred in the film"
}
] |
Will Smith of Philadelphia knew he had an in at MIT because of his nun teacher at " Our Lady of Lourdes" instilled in him an accurate spiritual compass to learn.
| 0 | 0 |
Will Smith
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\"tenente\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army."
}
] |
jFHUHBKTdbSvCW49d6zI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "The newly published edition presents an appendix with the many alternate endings Hemingway wrote for the novel in addition to pieces from early draft manuscripts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\"tenente\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "Hemingway struggled with the ending."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "By his count, he wrote 39 of them \"before I was satisfied.\" However, a 2012 edition of the book included no less than 47 alternate endings."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is divided into five sections or 'books'."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book - I",
"text": "The novel begins during the First World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Gore Vidal wrote of the text: \"... a work of ambition, in which can be seen the beginning of the careful, artful, immaculate idiocy of tone that since has marked ... [Hemingway's] prose."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "Michael Reynolds, however, writes that Hemingway was not involved in the battles described."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "The success of A Farewell to Arms made Hemingway financially independent."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "One of the possible titles Hemingway considered was In Another Country and Besides."
}
] |
Ernest Hemingway wrote the novel.
| 1 | 5 |
A Farewell to Arms
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is regarded as the national epic of Karelia and Finland and is one of the most significant works of Finnish literature."
}
] |
jFV4VFnF1PeDBncGJa7t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influence | Literature | Works inspired by",
"text": "He has a further Kalevala based work which is not part of the series, entitled The Time Twister."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Literature | Works inspired by",
"text": "His best known works, known as the Otava Series, a series of novels based on the Kalevala."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Finnish daily life",
"text": "It specialises in the production of unique and culturally important items of jewellery."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is regarded as the national epic of Karelia and Finland and is one of the most significant works of Finnish literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Lönnrot's field trips",
"text": "Kuivalatar was very important to the development of the Kanteletar."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Literature | Works inspired by",
"text": "Both Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen are mentioned in the work and the overall story of Kalevipoeg, Kalev's son, bears similarities with the Kullervo story."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Literature | Works inspired by",
"text": "Emil Petaja was an American science fiction and fantasy author of Finnish descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Music",
"text": "which is apt considering the way that the folk poetry and songs were originally performed."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Publishing | Translations",
"text": "So far the Kalevala has been translated into sixty-one languages and is Finland's most translated work of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Music | Other musical genres",
"text": "In the beginning of 2009, in celebration of the 160th anniversary of the Kalevala's first published edition, the Finnish Literature Society, the Kalevala Society, premièred ten new and original works inspired by the Kalevala."
}
] |
The Kalevala is considered the singularly most important work in Finnish literature.
| 1 | 2 |
Kalevala
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Irène was born in Paris, France in 1897 and was the first of Marie and Pierre's two daughters."
}
] |
jG2RdHo4nQlR0tepGJxz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "They lost their father early on in 1906 due to a horse-drawn wagon incident and Marie was left to raise them."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Irène was born in Paris, France in 1897 and was the first of Marie and Pierre's two daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Irène studied in this environment for about two years."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "In 1906, it was obvious Irène was talented in mathematics and her mother chose to focus on that instead of public school."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Irène Joliot-Curie (French: [iʁɛn ʒɔljo kyʁi] (listen); 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist, and a politician of Polish ancestry, the daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War I",
"text": "Irène took a nursing course during college to assist her mother, Marie Curie, in the field as her assistant."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "The Joliot-Curies adopted two girls during that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Education was important to Marie and Irène's education"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "Joliot-Curie's daughter, Hélène Langevin-Joliot, went on to become a nuclear physicist and professor at the University of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "However, in 1933, Joliot-Curie and her husband were the first to discover the accurate weight measurement of the neutron."
}
] |
Irène Joliot-Curie, the first of Marie and Pierre's two daughters, lost her father in 1906 due to a horse-drawn wagon accident.
| 0 | 0 |
Irène Joliot-Curie
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "He had collapsed on a sidewalk near the Milwaukee Athletic Club, where he lived, and was thought to have suffered a heart attack."
}
] |
jHm0HsHqjMdh4KEclIPe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "Simmons was one of the best hitters in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "He had collapsed on a sidewalk near the Milwaukee Athletic Club, where he lived, and was thought to have suffered a heart attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career (1933–1944)",
"text": "His 21 home runs that year gave Simmons the distinction of being the first player to hit 20 home runs in a year for the Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "He compiled 200 hits or better in a season six times, with five of those being consecutive (1929–33), and had 199 and 192 hits in 1926 and 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He saw an advertisement for a company named Simmons Hardware and decided to take on the last name of Simmons."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "While Cleveland manager Al López encouraged Simmons to think about his decision, Simmons said he could no longer help the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Simmons died on May 26, 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career (1933–1944)",
"text": "Simmons was purchased from the Senators by the Boston Bees in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career (1933–1944)",
"text": "Simmons played in the major leagues until 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Simmons was the right fielder on Stein's Polish team."
}
] |
Simmons fell on the concrete close to his house and passed and it was believed to be from heart failure.
| 2 | 7 |
Al Simmons
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Susan Sarandon as Louise Elizabeth Sawyer Geena Davis as Thelma Yvonne Dickinson"
}
] |
jHoLTbIsyD6ynjYuOJdV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "She had intended it to be a low-budget independent film, directed by herself and produced by fellow music video producer Amanda Temple (wife of English filmmaker Julien Temple)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Susan Sarandon as Louise Elizabeth Sawyer Geena Davis as Thelma Yvonne Dickinson"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise asks Thelma if she is certain, and Thelma says yes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Best friends Thelma Dickinson (Geena Davis) and Louise Sawyer (Susan Sarandon) set out for a weekend vacation at a fishing cabin in the mountains to take a break from their dreary lives in Arkansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography for Thelma & Louise began in June 1990 and lasted 12 weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "\"\"Thelma & Louise\" placed second to The Silence of the Lambs as the best film of 1991 in a poll of 81 critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A horrified Thelma ushers Louise to the car and the pair flee the scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American female buddy road film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Callie Khouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise responds angrily and tells Thelma to never bring it up again."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thelma wants to go to the police, but Louise fears that no one will believe Thelma's claim of attempted rape since Thelma was drinking and dancing with Harlan, and they will be subsequently charged with murder."
}
] |
In the film Thelma & Louise, Thelma Dickinson is played by Amanda Temple.
| 1 | 5 |
Thelma & Louise
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the cathedra of the pope as Bishop of Rome is at Saint John Lateran."
}
] |
jI3eKC0TEzHFZnuu9PKG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "It is the most prominent building in the Vatican City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Italian: The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal enclave which is within the city of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock",
"text": "Above the Roman clock is the coat of arms for the city-state of Vatican City since 1931 held by two angels."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Peter's burial site",
"text": "The area now covered by the Vatican City had been a cemetery for some years before the Circus of Nero was built."
},
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "However, unlike all the other Papal Major Basilicas, it is wholly within the territory, and thus the sovereign jurisdiction, of the Vatican City State, and not that of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "St. Peter's is a church built in the Renaissance style located in the Vatican City west of the River Tiber and near the Janiculum Hill and Hadrian's Mausoleum."
},
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "As one of the constituent structures of the historically and architecturally significant Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984 under criteria (i), (ii), (iv), and (vi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "However, St. Peter's is certainly the Pope's principal church in terms of use because most Papal liturgies and ceremonies take place there due to its size, proximity to the Papal residence, and location within the Vatican City proper."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old St. Peter's Basilica",
"text": "Old St. Peter's Basilica has been used for its predecessor to distinguish the two buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Peter's Piazza",
"text": "The problems of the square plan are that the necessary width to include the fountain would entail the demolition of numerous buildings, including some of the Vatican, and would minimize the effect of the facade."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the cathedra of the pope as Bishop of Rome is at Saint John Lateran."
}
] |
St. Peter's Basilica is a cathedral in Vatican City and the largest building in the Vatican City.
| 0 | 0 |
St. Peter's Basilica
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Mazeroski was born in Wheeling, West Virginia of Polish descent and grew up a Cleveland Indians fan in Rush Run, Ohio."
}
] |
jIAEYqhyJxTkgvuC2ki1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "Mazeroski hosts an annual golf tournament, The Bill Mazeroski Golf Tournament."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection and other honors",
"text": "In 1979, Mazeroski was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mazeroski spent his entire playing career with the Pirates before he became ex-teammate Bill Virdon's third-base coach in the 1973 season, one year after his retirement as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Film cameo",
"text": "In reality, Mazeroski never suffered such an inglorious moment during his playing days, but according to the Society for American Baseball Research was part of triple plays in both 1966 and 1968 as a fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection and other honors",
"text": "In 1995, Harrison Central High school, located in Cadiz, Ohio had a field donated by Bill which would later be known as \"Mazeroski Field\" In 2003, the Ohio Buckeye Local High School in Rayland (which had since absorbed Warren Consolidated) honored him by naming their new baseball field after him, placing a monument behind home plate in recognition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Stanley Mazeroski (born September 5, 1936) is an American former baseball second baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1956–1972 and hit one of the epic home runs in major league history, a dramatic ninth-inning blast that decided the 1960 World Series and remains the only walk-off homer in a seventh game."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection and other honors",
"text": "Mazeroski was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Mazeroski later conceded that the demotion had a negative effect on his confidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "As a 17-year-old in 1954, Mazeroski signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection and other honors",
"text": "A Little League Softball field dedicated to Mazeroski lies on the other side."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Mazeroski was born in Wheeling, West Virginia of Polish descent and grew up a Cleveland Indians fan in Rush Run, Ohio."
}
] |
Bill Mazeroski has South American ancestry.
| 0 | 1 |
Bill Mazeroski
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy and inspiration",
"text": "Although Crane once wrote in a letter, \"You can tell nothing... unless you are in that condition yourself,\" he wrote The Red Badge of Courage without any experience of war."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy and inspiration",
"text": "While trying to explain his ability to write about battle realistically, Crane stated: \"Of course, I have never been in a battle, but I believe that I got my sense of the rage of conflict on the football field, or else fighting is a hereditary instinct, and I wrote intuitively; for the Cranes were a family of fighters in the old days\"."
}
] |
jIAGhNAR4DifHPnDbQfE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "For example, one reviewer wrote, \"As Mr. Crane is too young a man to write from experience, the frightful details of his book must be the outcome of a very feverish imagination.\" Crane and his work also received criticism from veterans of the war; one in particular, Alexander C. McClurg, a brigadier general who served through the Chickamauga and Chattanooga campaigns, wrote a lengthy letter to The Dial (which his publishing company owned) in April 1896, lambasting the novel as \"a vicious satire upon American soldiers and American armies."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy and inspiration",
"text": "Thomas Beer wrote in his problematic 1923 biography that Crane was challenged by a friend to write The Red Badge of Courage after having announced that he could do better than Émile Zola's La Débâcle."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy and inspiration",
"text": "While trying to explain his ability to write about battle realistically, Crane stated: \"Of course, I have never been in a battle, but I believe that I got my sense of the rage of conflict on the football field, or else fighting is a hereditary instinct, and I wrote intuitively; for the Cranes were a family of fighters in the old days\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy and inspiration",
"text": "Although Crane once wrote in a letter, \"You can tell nothing... unless you are in that condition yourself,\" he wrote The Red Badge of Courage without any experience of war."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and genre",
"text": "Still others read the novel as having a Naturalist structure, comparing the work to those by Theodore Dreiser, Frank Norris and Jack London."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "However, the contract also stipulated that he was not to receive royalties from the books sold in Great Britain, where they were released by Heinemann in early 1896 as part of its Pioneer Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" The reviewer for The New York Times was impressed by Crane's realistic portrayal of war, writing that the book \"strikes the reader as a statement of facts by a veteran\", a sentiment that was echoed by the reviewer for The Critic, who called the novel \"a true book; true to life, whether it be taken as a literal transcript of a soldier's experiences in his first battle, or... a great parable of the inner battle which every man must fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" Critic, veteran and Member of Parliament George Wyndham called the novel a \"masterpiece\", applauding Crane's ability to \"stage the drama of man, so to speak, within the mind of one man, and then admits you as to a theatre.\" Harold Frederic wrote in his own review that \"If there were in existence any books of a similar character, one could start confidently by saying that it was the best of its kind."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "His regiment encounters a small group of Confederates, and in the ensuing fight Henry proves to be a capable soldier, comforted by the belief that his previous cowardice had not been noticed, as he \"had performed his mistakes in the dark, so he was still a man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Crane was delighted with his novel's success overseas, writing to a friend: \"I have only one pride"
}
] |
Crane was quoted saying that you cannot write about an experience you did not have but still wrote a book about a soldier even though he was never part of the army.
| 1 | 1 |
The Red Badge of Courage
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A fur trading business for much of its existence, HBC now owns and operates retail stores in Canada and the United States."
}
] |
jIu88pc3SWWjoIxBQDbS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 2008 to 2012, the HBC was run through a holding company of NRDC, Hudson's Bay Trading Company, which was dissolved in early 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century | North West Company: violent competition and merger",
"text": "In 1821, the North West Company of Montreal and Hudson's Bay Company were forcibly merged by intervention of the British government to put an end to often-violent competition."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 18th century",
"text": "In its trade with native peoples, Hudson's Bay Company exchanged wool blankets, called Hudson's Bay point blankets, for the beaver pelts trapped by aboriginal hunters."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Lord & Taylor stores",
"text": "On 24 January 2012, the Financial Post reported that Richard Baker (owner of NDRC and governor of Hudson's Bay Company) had dissolved Hudson's Bay Trading Company and that the HBC would now also operate the Lord & Taylor chain."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hudson's Bay Company As an Imperial Factor 1821–1869."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson's Bay was incorporated on 2 May 1670, with a royal charter from King Charles II."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The History of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1670 – 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century | Hudson's Bay Company money",
"text": "For forty or so years beginning in 1870, the company employed paddle wheel steamships on the rivers of the prairies."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellany | HBC explorers, builders, and associates",
"text": "David Thompson (30 April 1770 – 10 February 1857) was a British-Canadian fur trader that worked for both the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Trading Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate governance | Corporate hierarchy",
"text": "This strict yet flexible hierarchy exemplifies how Hudson's Bay Company was able to be so successful while still having its central management and trade posts located so far apart."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A fur trading business for much of its existence, HBC now owns and operates retail stores in Canada and the United States."
}
] |
Hudson's Bay Company was a silver trading company.
| 0 | 0 |
Hudson's Bay Company
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Less than a month later, on 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom."
}
] |
jJ5ObU176Q1KdRLqw70o
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later years | Diamond Jubilee",
"text": "The celebration was marked by vast crowds of spectators and great outpourings of affection for the 78-year-old Queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "1842–1860",
"text": "They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and her husband Albert until the bride was 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Golden Jubilee",
"text": "Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Empress of India",
"text": "In May 1879, she became a great-grandmother (on the birth of Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen) and passed her \"poor old 60th birthday\"."
},
{
"section_header": "1842–1860",
"text": "Bean was sentenced to 18 months in jail."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "The Prime Minister at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "Victoria's father died in January 1820, when Victoria was less than a year old."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Golden Jubilee",
"text": "Victoria's eldest daughter became Empress consort of Germany in 1888, but she was widowed within the year, and Victoria's eldest grandchild became German Emperor as Wilhelm II."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Less than a month later, on 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom."
}
] |
Victoria became a Queen at only 18 years old.
| 1 | 4 |
Queen Victoria
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "The Whigs were unable to pursue further impeachment proceedings in the subsequent 28th Congress—in the elections of 1842 they retained a majority in the Senate but lost control of the House."
}
] |
jJZccoj4snW7iNrpZcBj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "Congressman John Botts, who opposed Tyler, introduced an impeachment resolution on July 10, 1842."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "It levied several charges against Tyler and called for a nine-member committee to investigate his behavior, with the expectation of a formal impeachment recommendation."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "Shortly after the tariff vetoes, Whigs in the House of Representatives initiated that body's first impeachment proceedings against a president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "Clay found this measure prematurely aggressive, and favored a more moderate progression toward Tyler's \"inevitable\" impeachment."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "While the committee's report did not formally recommend impeachment, it clearly established the possibility, and in August 1842 the House endorsed the committee's report."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "The Whigs were unable to pursue further impeachment proceedings in the subsequent 28th Congress—in the elections of 1842 they retained a majority in the Senate but lost control of the House."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "The congressional ill will towards Tyler derived from the basis for his vetoes; until the presidency of the Whigs' arch-enemy Andrew Jackson, presidents rarely vetoed bills, and then only on grounds of constitutionality."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "The Botts resolution was tabled until the following January when it was rejected by a vote of 127 to 83.A House select committee headed by John Quincy Adams, an ardent abolitionist who disliked slaveholders like Tyler, condemned the president's use of the veto and assailed his character."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "Tyler's actions were in opposition to the presumed authority of Congress to make policy."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "Adams sponsored a constitutional amendment to change both houses' two-thirds requirement for overriding vetoes to a simple majority, but neither house approved."
}
] |
President Tyler was impeached.
| 0 | 5 |
John Tyler
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are the most recent part of the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, the Vedas, that deal with meditation, philosophy, and ontological knowledge; other parts of the Vedas deal with mantras, benedictions, rituals, ceremonies, and sacrifices."
}
] |
jJohJlFVty64n1EmAhwD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Brahman and Atman",
"text": "This ancient debate flowered into various dual, non-dual theories in Hinduism."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy",
"text": "The Upanishads include sections on philosophical theories that have been at the foundation of Indian traditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | New Upanishads",
"text": "Sectarian texts such as these do not enjoy status as shruti and thus the authority of the new Upanishads as scripture is not accepted in Hinduism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of all Vedic literature, the Upanishads alone are widely known, and their central ideas are at the spiritual core of Hinduism."
},
{
"section_header": "Schools of Vedanta | Advaita Vedanta",
"text": "Shankara in his discussions of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy referred to the early Upanishads to explain the key difference between Hinduism and Buddhism, stating that Hinduism asserts that Atman (soul, self) exists, whereas Buddhism asserts that there is no soul, no self."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | New Upanishads",
"text": "Ancient Upanishads have long enjoyed a revered position in Hindu traditions, and authors of numerous sectarian texts have tried to benefit from this reputation by naming their texts as Upanishads."
},
{
"section_header": "Development | Authorship",
"text": "The ancient Upanishads are embedded in the Vedas, the oldest of Hinduism's religious scriptures, which some traditionally consider to be apauruṣeya, which means \"not of a man, superhuman\" and \"impersonal, authorless\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Brahman and Atman",
"text": "Brahman in Hinduism, states Paul Deussen, as the \"creative principle which lies realized in the whole world\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Upanishads (; Sanskrit: उपनिषद् Upaniṣad [ˈʊpɐnɪʂɐd]) are late Vedic Sanskrit texts of religious teaching and ideas still revered in Hinduism."
},
{
"section_header": "Association with Vedas",
"text": "During the modern era, the ancient Upanishads that were embedded texts in the Vedas, were detached from the Brahmana and Aranyaka layers of Vedic text, compiled into separate texts and these were then gathered into anthologies of Upanishads."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are the most recent part of the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, the Vedas, that deal with meditation, philosophy, and ontological knowledge; other parts of the Vedas deal with mantras, benedictions, rituals, ceremonies, and sacrifices."
}
] |
The Upanishads are the latest section of the most ancient written tenets of Hinduism.
| 0 | 0 |
Upanishads
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career and death",
"text": "On September 9, 1997 in New York City, after broadcasting the Phillies-Mets game at Shea Stadium, Ashburn suffered a heart attack and died."
}
] |
jLAVaikkkRN3RMQU0RH3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-career and death",
"text": "A large crowd of fans paid tribute to him, passing by his coffin in Memorial Hall, located in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "The book, \"Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall"
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "Ted Williams gave Ashburn the nickname \"Putt-Putt\" because he \"ran so fast"
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "The origin of the nickname also has been attributed to Stan Musial."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career and death",
"text": "Kalas often referred to Ashburn as \"His Whiteness\", a nickname Kalas used for most of Ashburn's his life for the man he openly adored."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "At Citizens Bank Park, the Phillies' radio-broadcast booth is named \"The Richie 'Whitey' Ashburn Broadcast Booth\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Ashburn was posthumously inducted into the inaugural class of the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2004.Each year the Phillies present the Richie Ashburn Special Achievement Award to \"a member of the organization who has demonstrated loyalty, dedication and passion for the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Ashburn was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Hall's Veterans Committee in 1995 after a long fan campaign to induct him, which included bumper stickers that read, \"Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall Not?\" He accompanied Phillies great Mike Schmidt, who was inducted in the same ceremony."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": ", Phillies shortstop from the sixties and coach, co-founded the Richie Ashburn Foundation, which provides free baseball camp for 1,100 underprivileged children in the Delaware Valley and awards grants to area schools and colleges."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career and death",
"text": "On September 9, 1997 in New York City, after broadcasting the Phillies-Mets game at Shea Stadium, Ashburn suffered a heart attack and died."
}
] |
Richie Ashburn nickname was Putt-Putt and passed away from a myocardial infarction.
| 2 | 3 |
Richie Ashburn
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death, last words, and burial",
"text": "Last words attributed to him were \"The South, the poor South!\"He was interred at St. Philip's Churchyard in Charleston, South Carolina."
}
] |
jLLvK5TFfXqExqLAZnA9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "In June 2020, Clemson University removed John C. Calhoun's name from Clemson University Calhoun Honors College, renaming it to Clemson University Honors College."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "The USS John C. Calhoun, in commission from 1963 to 1994, was a Fleet Ballistic Missile nuclear submarine."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "In 1910, the state of South Carolina gave a statue of John C. Calhoun to the National Statuary Hall Collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Appointment and the Annexation of Texas",
"text": "When Harrison died in 1841 after a month in office, Vice President John Tyler succeeded him."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Appointment and the Annexation of Texas",
"text": "In advance of Calhoun's arrival in Washington, D.C., Tyler attempted to quickly finalize the treaty negotiations."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of War and postwar nationalism",
"text": "In 1821 he became a founding member of All Souls Unitarian Church in Washington, D.C.Historian Merrill Peterson describes Calhoun: \"Intensely serious and severe, he could never write a love poem, though he often tried, because every line began with 'whereas' ...\" In 1817, the deplorable state of the War Department led four men to decline offers from President James Monroe to accept the office of Secretary of War before Calhoun finally assumed the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | Petticoat affair",
"text": "Finally in the spring of 1831, at the suggestion of Van Buren, who, like Jackson, supported the Eatons, Jackson replaced all but one of his Cabinet members, thereby limiting Calhoun's influence."
},
{
"section_header": "House of Representatives | War of 1812",
"text": "Before the treaty reached the Senate for ratification, and even before news of its signing reached New Orleans,"
},
{
"section_header": "Second term in the Senate | Rejection of the Compromise of 1850",
"text": "Calhoun died soon afterwards, and although the compromise measures did eventually pass, Calhoun's ideas about states' rights attracted increasing attention across the South."
},
{
"section_header": "Death, last words, and burial",
"text": "Calhoun's widow, Floride, died on July 25, 1866, and was buried in St. Paul's Episcopal Church Cemetery in Pendleton, South Carolina, near their children, but apart from her husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Death, last words, and burial",
"text": "Last words attributed to him were \"The South, the poor South!\"He was interred at St. Philip's Churchyard in Charleston, South Carolina."
}
] |
John C. Calhoun's final utterance before he died were "I love you Lucy."
| 0 | 0 |
John C. Calhoun
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the watershed plays in Augustan drama and is the only example of the once thriving genre of satirical ballad opera to remain popular today."
}
] |
jLxJUlhDRtlXisc2XZs0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin and analysis",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera has had an influence on all later British stage comedies, especially on nineteenth century British comic opera and the modern musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After appearing in several comedies, and then in numerous repetitions of The Beggars Opera, she ran away with her married lover, Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and analysis",
"text": "For his original production in 1728, Gay intended all the songs to be sung without any accompaniment, adding to the shocking and gritty atmosphere of his conception."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera was met with widely varying reactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera is a ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by John Gay with music arranged by Johann Christoph Pepusch."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and analysis",
"text": "Gay uses the operatic norm of three acts (as opposed to the standard in spoken drama of the time of five acts), and tightly controls the dialogue and plot so that there are surprises in each of the forty-five fast-paced scenes and 69 short songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "1981), an adaptation of both John Gay's The Beggar's Opera and Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera; most of his characters as well as some of the arias are from the two earlier plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "This version is set aboard a convict ship bound for New South Wales, where convicts are putting on a version of The Beggar's Opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1984 in the play (and later film) A Chorus of Disapproval by Alan Ayckbourn, an amateur production of The Beggar's Opera is a major plot driver and excerpts are performed."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and analysis",
"text": "It may also have been influenced by the then-popular ideology of Locke that men should be allowed their natural liberties; these democratic strains of thought influenced the populist movements of the time, of which The Beggar's Opera was a part."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the watershed plays in Augustan drama and is the only example of the once thriving genre of satirical ballad opera to remain popular today."
}
] |
The Beggar's Opera is a comedy with raw, shocking scenes.
| 2 | 5 |
The Beggar's Opera
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He was the youngest of seven kids."
}
] |
jNbYPUDs9MxSltgFsGTW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Roberto Clemente Award",
"text": "Since 1971, MLB has presented the Roberto Clemente Award (named the Commissioner's Award in 1971 and 1972) every year to a player with outstanding baseball playing skills who is personally involved in community work."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographies and documentaries",
"text": "2006 : Clemente: The Passion and grace of Baseball's Last Hero by David Maraniss. 2008: \"Roberto Clemente\": One-hour biography as part of the Public Broadcasting Service history series, American Experience which premiered on April 21, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball (1955–1972) | Pittsburgh Pirates, 1970s | 3000th hit",
"text": "It was his last regular season at-bat of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Potential canonization",
"text": "The feature film Baseball's Last Hero: 21 Clemente Stories (2013) was filmed by Richard Rossi."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball (1955–1972) | Pittsburgh Pirates, 1970s",
"text": "The 1970 season was the last one that the Pirates played at Forbes Field before moving to Three Rivers Stadium; for Clemente, abandoning this stadium was an emotional situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball (1955–1972) | Pittsburgh Pirates, 1970s | 3000th hit",
"text": "He and Bill Mazeroski were the last Pirate players remaining from the 1960 World Series championship team."
},
{
"section_header": "Other honors and awards | Schools",
"text": "Roberto Clemente Elementary School in Paterson, New Jersey Roberto Clemente Middle School in Paterson, New Jersey Roberto W. Clemente Middle School in Germantown,"
},
{
"section_header": "Other honors and awards | Schools",
"text": "Roberto Clemente Academy in Detroit"
},
{
"section_header": "Biographies and documentaries",
"text": "2013: Baseball's Last Hero: 21 Clemente Stories, the first feature dramatic film on Clemente's life was finished by California filmmaker and Pittsburgh native Richard Rossi."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball (1955–1972) | Pittsburgh Pirates, 1970s | 3000th hit",
"text": "His last game was October 11, 1972 at Cincinnati's Riverfront Stadium in the fifth and final game of the 1972 NLCS."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He was the youngest of seven kids."
}
] |
Roberto Clemente was the last child from his parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Roberto Clemente
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Practical philosophy | Politics",
"text": "Moreover, he considered the city to be prior in importance to the family which in turn is prior to the individual, \"for the whole must of necessity be prior to the part\"."
}
] |
jNgmWh6N2zHJwnR9vY1Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Eponyms",
"text": "The Aristotle Mountains in Antarctica are named after Aristotle."
},
{
"section_header": "Natural philosophy | Biology | Scientific style",
"text": "Aristotle did not do experiments in the modern sense."
},
{
"section_header": "Natural philosophy | Psychology | Dreams",
"text": "Aristotle describes sleep in On Sleep and Wakefulness."
},
{
"section_header": "Practical philosophy | Politics",
"text": "Aristotle considered the city to be a natural community."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aristotle was born in the city of Stagira in Northern Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Aristotle was appointed as the head of the royal academy of Macedon."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculative philosophy | Metaphysics | Substance | Immanent realism",
"text": "In addition, Aristotle disagreed with Plato about the location of universals."
},
{
"section_header": "Natural philosophy | Psychology | Soul",
"text": "reason).For Aristotle, the soul is the form of a living being."
},
{
"section_header": "Practical philosophy | Economics",
"text": "In Politics, Aristotle addresses the city, property, and trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Aristotle conducted courses at the school for the next twelve years."
},
{
"section_header": "Practical philosophy | Politics",
"text": "Moreover, he considered the city to be prior in importance to the family which in turn is prior to the individual, \"for the whole must of necessity be prior to the part\"."
}
] |
Aristotle was not a collectivist.
| 3 | 5 |
Aristotle
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Paul Revere's Ride\" (1860) is a poem by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow that commemorates the actions of American patriot Paul Revere on April 18, 1775, although with significant inaccuracies."
}
] |
jOWh6HJj9qG9i0y5uEBc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Other historians have since stressed Revere's importance, including David Hackett Fischer in his book Paul Revere's Ride (1995), a scholarly study of Revere's role in the opening of the Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Paul Revere's Ride\" (1860) is a poem by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow that commemorates the actions of American patriot Paul Revere on April 18, 1775, although with significant inaccuracies."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Longfellow's poem is not historically accurate but his \"mistakes\" were deliberate."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Tis all very well for the children to hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere; But why should my name be quite forgot,"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Upon Revere's death in 1818, for example, his obituary did not mention his midnight ride but instead focused on his business sense and his many friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Modern",
"text": "The majority of criticism, however, notes that Longfellow gave sole credit to Revere for the collective achievements of three riders (as well as other riders, whose names do not survive to history)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Though he admitted the book made little impact, it was written for his best friend, Charles Sumner, an activist abolitionist politician with whom he would continue to share common cause on the issues of slavery and the Union. \" Paul Revere's Ride\" was published in the January 1861, issue of The Atlantic magazine on December 20, 1860, just as South Carolina became the first state to secede from the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "He had researched the historical event, using works like George Bancroft's History of the United States, but he manipulated the facts for poetic effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "While it is true that Revere was not the only rider that night, that does not refute the fact that Revere successfully completed the first phase of his mission to warn Adams and Hancock."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Revere rides his horse through Medford, Lexington, and Concord to warn the patriots."
}
] |
Paul Revere's Ride is not that accurate and has some major inaccurate facts.
| 1 | 1 |
Paul Revere's Ride
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "The youngest of three sons, Donizetti was born in 1797 in Bergamo's Borgo Canale quarter, located just outside the city walls."
}
] |
jP41AlDyqtfg9KdGYiWc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "Gaetano (then 9) was accepted."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Final journey to Bergamo",
"text": "Finally, after the intense night of 7 April, Gaetano Donizetti died on the afternoon of 8 April."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "However, in spite of all this, Mayr not only persuaded Gaetano's parents to allow him to continue studies, but also secured funding from the Congregazione di Carità in Bergamo for two years of scholarships."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "While not especially successful as a choirboy during the first three trial months of 1807 (there being some concern about a difetto di gola, a throat defect), Mayr was soon reporting that Gaetano \"surpasses all the others in musical progress\" and he was able to persuade the authorities that the young boy's talents were worthy of keeping him in the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Success in Rome",
"text": "The young Maestro Gaetano Donizetti...has launched himself strongly in his truly serious opera, Zoraida."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1838–1840: Donizetti abandons Naples for Paris",
"text": "du régiment, his first opera written specifically to a French libretto."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1838–1840: Donizetti abandons Naples for Paris",
"text": "Performed in April 1840, it was his first grand opera in the French tradition and was quite successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Attempts to move Donizetti back to Paris",
"text": "In late December, early January 1847, visits from a friend from Vienna who lived in Paris—Baron Eduard von Lannoy—resulted in a letter from Lannoy to Giuseppe Donizetti in Constantinople outlining what he saw as a better solution: rather than have friends travel the five hours to see his brother, Lannoy recommended that Gaetano be moved to Paris where he could be taken care of by the same doctors."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She gave birth to three children, none of whom survived and, within a year of his parents' deaths—on 30 July 1837—she also died from what is believed to be cholera or measles, but Ashbrook speculates that it was connected to what he describes as a \"severe syphilitic infection."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1818–1822: Early compositions",
"text": "Without a commission from any opera house, Donizetti decided to write the music first and then try to find a company to accept it."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "The youngest of three sons, Donizetti was born in 1797 in Bergamo's Borgo Canale quarter, located just outside the city walls."
}
] |
Gaetano Donizetti was the first child from his parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Gaetano Donizetti
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "If Texas were a sovereign state, it would be the 10th largest economy in the world."
}
] |
jPAmJXVmL8FF0nklGteD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Texas's economy is the second-largest of any country subdivision globally, behind California."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "El Paso and Amarillo are exceptions with July and December respectively being the warmest and coldest months respectively, but with August and January being only narrowly different."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile and Zambia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonization",
"text": "With more numerous missions being established, priests led a peaceful conversion of most tribes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonization",
"text": "Early Texas settler David B. Edwards described his fellow Texans as being \"banished from the pleasures of life\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Events organized by UIL include contests in athletics (the most popular being high school football) as well as artistic and academic subjects."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "If Texas were a sovereign state, it would be the 10th largest economy in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Alternative etymologies of the name advanced in the late 19th century connected the Spanish teja \"rooftile\", the plural tejas being used to designate indigenous Pueblo settlements."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-European era",
"text": "When the Spanish briefly managed to conquer the Louisiana colony, they decided to switch tactics and attempt being exceedingly friendly to the Indians, which they continued even after the French took back the colony."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Railroads",
"text": "Towns along the way, such as Baxter Springs, the first cow town in Kansas, developed to handle the seasonal workers and tens of thousands of head of cattle being driven."
}
] |
If Texas would be an independent country, it would be the 10th richest globally.
| 4 | 5 |
Texas
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Organization",
"text": "In return for their submission, they became \"farbas\", a combination of the Mandinka words \"farin\" and \"ba\" (great farin)."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization",
"text": "These farbas would rule their old kingdoms in the name of the mansa with most of the authority they held prior to joining the Manden Kurufaba."
}
] |
jPJRCJ8SymcubfCe2uaJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Organization",
"text": "The Manden Kurufaba founded by Mari Djata it was composed of the \"three freely allied states\" of Mali, Mema and Wagadou plus the Twelve Doors of Mali."
},
{
"section_header": "Imperial Mali | Administration",
"text": "The Mali Empire covered a larger area for a longer period of time than any other West African state before or since."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization",
"text": "The Twelve Doors of Mali were a coalition of conquered or allied territories, mostly within Manden, with sworn allegiance to Sundiata and his descendants."
},
{
"section_header": "Farins and farbas",
"text": "However, territories that were crucial to trade or subject to revolt would receive a farba."
},
{
"section_header": "Territory",
"text": "The dramatic increase in the empire's growth demanded a shift from the Manden Kurufaba's organisation of three states with twelve dependencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Farins and farbas",
"text": "Duties of the farba included reporting on the activities of the territory, collecting taxes and ensuring the native administration"
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Mali was thriving for a long time, but like other west African kingdoms, Mali began to fall."
},
{
"section_header": "Territory",
"text": "The empire also reached its highest population during the Laye period ruling over 400 cities, towns and villages of various religions and elasticities."
},
{
"section_header": "Late imperial Mali | Mansa Mahmud Keita IV",
"text": "It states that he launched an attack on the city of Djenné in 1599 with Fulani allies, hoping to take advantage of Songhai's defeat."
},
{
"section_header": "Imperial Mali",
"text": "This is the first account of a West African kingdom made directly by an eyewitness; the others are usually second-hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization",
"text": "In return for their submission, they became \"farbas\", a combination of the Mandinka words \"farin\" and \"ba\" (great farin)."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization",
"text": "These farbas would rule their old kingdoms in the name of the mansa with most of the authority they held prior to joining the Manden Kurufaba."
}
] |
The West African Malie Empire was composed of three states and a coalition of allied territories who were ruled by farbas.
| 1 | 4 |
Mali Empire
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" is a poem written by the English Romantic poet John Keats in May 1819, first published anonymously in Annals of the Fine Arts for 1819 (see 1820 in poetry)."
}
] |
jQMEYNbQkVc7X4bByiOc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Poem",
"text": "The questions are unanswered because there is no one who can ever know the true answers, as the locations are not real."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem is one of the \"Great Odes of 1819\", which also include \"Ode on Indolence\", \"Ode on Melancholy\", \"Ode to a Nightingale\", and \"Ode to Psyche\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | 'Beauty is truth' debate",
"text": "\" The debate expanded when I. A. Richards, an English literary critic who analysed Keats's poems in 1929, relied on the final lines of the \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" to discuss \"pseudo-statements\" in poetry: On the one hand there are very many people who, if they read any poetry at all, try to take all its statements seriously – and find them silly ... This may seem an absurd mistake but, alas!"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was only by the mid-19th century that it began to be praised, although it is now considered to be one of the greatest odes in the English language."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "As a symbol, an urn cannot completely represent poetry, but it does serve as one component in describing the relationship between art and humanity."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "He previously used the image of an urn in \"Ode on Indolence\", depicting one with three figures representing Love, Ambition and Poesy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In particular he reflects upon two scenes, one in which a lover pursues his beloved, and another where villagers and a priest gather to perform a sacrifice."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The poem concludes with the urn's message: Like many of Keats's odes, \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" discusses art and art's audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Later responses",
"text": "In 1983, Vendler praised many of the passages within the poem but argued that the poem was unable to fully represent what Keats wanted: \"The simple movement of entrance and exit, even in its triple repetition in the Urn, is simply not structurally complex enough to be adequate, as a representational form, to what we know of aesthetic experience – or indeed to human experience generally.\" Later in 1989, Daniel Watkins claimed the poem as \"one of [Keats's] most beautiful and problematic works."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" is a poem written by the English Romantic poet John Keats in May 1819, first published anonymously in Annals of the Fine Arts for 1819 (see 1820 in poetry)."
}
] |
"Ode on a Grecian Urn" is a poem by Percy Shelley.
| 0 | 0 |
Ode on a Grecian Urn
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act V",
"text": "Lodovico apprehends both Iago and Othello for the murders of Roderigo, Emilia, and Desdemona, but Othello commits suicide."
}
] |
jQQ2TAUWUIVLiy66MWkE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Race",
"text": "Regardless of what Shakespeare intended by calling Othello a \"Moor\" – whether he meant that Othello was a Muslim or a black man or both – in the 19th century and much of the 20th century, many critics tended to see the tragedy in racial terms, seeing interracial marriages as \"aberrations\" that could end badly."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Race",
"text": "He stayed with his retinue in London for several months and occasioned much discussion."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century",
"text": "I played him as an Arab. I stuck a pony tail on with a bell on the end of it."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century",
"text": "Every time I moved my hair went wild.\" British blacking-up for Othello ended with Gambon in 1990; however the Royal Shakespeare Company didn't run the play at all on the main Stratford stage until 1999, when Ray Fearon became the first black British actor to take the part, the first black man to play Othello with the RSC since Robeson."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century",
"text": "From his first entry, slender and magnificently tall, framed in a high Byzantine arch, clad in white samite, mystic, wonderful, a figure of Arabian romance and grace, to his last plunging of the knife into his stomach, Mr Marshall rode without faltering the play's enormous rhetoric, and at the end the house rose to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Iago versus Othello",
"text": "In Othello, it is Iago who manipulates all other characters at will, controlling their movements and trapping them in an intricate net of lies."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Iago versus Othello",
"text": "Other critics, most notably in the later twentieth century (after F. R. Leavis), have focused on Othello."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Iago versus Othello",
"text": "Although its title suggests that the tragedy belongs primarily to Othello, Iago plays an important role in the plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Othello (The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "Brabantio has no option but to accompany Othello to the Duke's residence, where he accuses Othello of seducing Desdemona by witchcraft."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act V",
"text": "Lodovico apprehends both Iago and Othello for the murders of Roderigo, Emilia, and Desdemona, but Othello commits suicide."
}
] |
Othello ends much like Hamlet, with a lot of corpses.
| 0 | 0 |
Othello
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold Fürst von Bismarck, Herzog zu Lauenburg; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (German: [ˈɔto fɔn ˈbɪsmaʁk] (listen)), was a conservative German statesman who masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first chancellor until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs for two decades."
}
] |
jRh57tJyyCTJWFtjusNH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "A number of localities around the world have been named in Bismarck's honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "Bismarck, Illinois Bismarck, North Dakota, the only U.S. state capital named for a foreign statesman."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall | Final years and forced resignation",
"text": "He was succeeded by his son, Wilhelm II, who opposed Bismarck's careful foreign policy, preferring vigorous and rapid expansion to enlarge Germany's \"place in the sun\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Ambassador to Russia and France",
"text": "Disraeli, who would become Prime Minister in the 1870s, later claimed to have said of Bismarck, \"Be careful of that man—he means every word he says\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia",
"text": "Bismarck was intent on maintaining royal supremacy by ending the budget deadlock in the King's favour, even if he had to use extralegal means to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Bismarck: memory and myth",
"text": "To those who presided over its construction, the monument was also a means of asserting Hamburg's cultural aspirations and of shrugging off a reputation as a city hostile to the arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Young politician",
"text": "Bismarck had at first tried to rouse the peasants of his estate into an army to march on Berlin in the King's name."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "They include: Bismarck Archipelago, near the former German colony of New Guinea."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "Bismarck, Missouri, a city in Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "Bismarck Sea Bismarck Strait, a channel in Antarctica."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold Fürst von Bismarck, Herzog zu Lauenburg; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (German: [ˈɔto fɔn ˈbɪsmaʁk] (listen)), was a conservative German statesman who masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first chancellor until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs for two decades."
}
] |
Otto's birth name means dwelling of the sun.
| 0 | 0 |
Otto von Bismarck
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis."
}
] |
jSELhzmTJt4jRi6AriaT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials | The Grange",
"text": "Hamilton named the house \"The Grange\" after the estate of his grandfather Alexander in Ayrshire, Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials | The Grange",
"text": "The house remained in the family until 1833, when his widow Eliza sold it to Thomas E. Davis, a British-born real estate developer, for $25,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary War | Congress of the Confederation",
"text": "An amendment to the Articles had been proposed by Thomas Burke, in February 1781, to give Congress the power to collect a 5% impost, or duty on all imports, but this required ratification by all states; securing its passage as law proved impossible after it was rejected by Rhode Island in November 1782."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary War | Congress and the army",
"text": "Several congressmen, including Hamilton, Robert Morris and Gouverneur Morris (no relation), attempted to use this Newburgh Conspiracy as leverage to secure support from the states and in Congress for funding of the national government."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood in the Caribbean",
"text": "In later life, he tended to give his age only in round figures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary War | Congress and the army",
"text": "Hamilton wrote Washington to suggest that Hamilton covertly \"take direction\" of the officers' efforts to secure redress, to secure continental funding but keep the army within the limits of moderation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | On slavery",
"text": "Hamilton was active during the Revolution in trying to raise black troops for the army, with the promise of freedom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American statesman, politician, legal scholar, military commander, lawyer, banker, and economist."
},
{
"section_header": "Constitution and the Federalist Papers | Constitutional Convention and ratification of the Constitution",
"text": "Ultimately Hamilton wanted to take the idea of self government out of the Constitution, claiming that power should go to the \"rich and well born\"."
}
] |
Hamilton was born and raised in Scotland until the age of 12 when he secured passage to the U.S.
| 3 | 7 |
Alexander Hamilton
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac were formed in July 1967 in London, England, when Peter Green left the British blues band John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Return of McVie and departure of Buckingham",
"text": "\" One of Kirwan's songs, \"Tell Me All the Things You Do\" from the 1970 album Kiln House, was included in the set of the 2018–19 An Evening with Fleetwood Mac tour."
}
] |
jSR3bg7M3WKhB02NRblK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "He realised that the original Fleetwood Mac was being neglected by Warner Bros and that they would need to change their base of operation from England to America, to which the rest of the band agreed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "Instead of hiring another manager, Fleetwood Mac, having re-formed, became the only major rock band managed by the artists themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1974: Transitional era",
"text": "In a late-night meeting after that show, the band told their sound engineer that the tour was over and Fleetwood Mac was splitting up."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Name dispute and 'fake Fleetwood Mac'",
"text": "The lawsuit that followed regarding who owned the rights to the name 'Fleetwood Mac' put the original Fleetwood Mac on hiatus for almost a year."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "Welch left soon after the tour ended (on 5 December 1974 at Cal State University), having grown tired of touring and legal struggles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Return of McVie and departure of Buckingham",
"text": "In January 2015, Buckingham suggested that the new album and tour might be Fleetwood Mac's last, and that the band would cease operations in 2015 or soon afterwards."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "There were over 300 applicants, but when Green and Fleetwood ran auditions at the Nag's Head in Battersea (home of the Mike Vernon Blue Horizon Club) the hard-to-please Green could not find anyone good enough."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2013: Unleashed tour and Extended Play",
"text": "In October, The Very Best of Fleetwood Mac was re-released in an extended two-disc format (this format having been released in the US in 2002), entering at number six on the UK Albums Chart."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "Shortly after the release of Mr. Wonderful, Fleetwood Mac recruited 18-year-old guitarist Danny Kirwan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Return of McVie and departure of Buckingham",
"text": "I honestly don't know... It's like, do you want to take a chance of going in and setting up in a room for like a year [to record an album] and having a bunch of arguing people?"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac were formed in July 1967 in London, England, when Peter Green left the British blues band John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Return of McVie and departure of Buckingham",
"text": "\" One of Kirwan's songs, \"Tell Me All the Things You Do\" from the 1970 album Kiln House, was included in the set of the 2018–19 An Evening with Fleetwood Mac tour."
}
] |
Fleetwood Mac have been operating for over 50 years.
| 3 | 5 |
Fleetwood Mac
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Move to Los Angeles",
"text": "O'Malley was also influential in getting the rival New York Giants to move west to become the San Francisco Giants, thus preserving the two teams' longstanding rivalry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1958, as owner of the Dodgers, he brought major league baseball to the West Coast, moving the Dodgers from Brooklyn to Los Angeles despite the Dodgers being the second most profitable team in baseball from 1946–1956, and coordinating the move of the New York Giants to San Francisco at a time when there were no teams west of Kansas City, Missouri."
}
] |
jSYQ4KYwQVh2Gztp19No
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Move to Los Angeles",
"text": "In the years following the move of the New York clubs, Major League Baseball added two completely new teams in California, as well as two in Texas, two in Canada, two in Florida, one each in the Twin Cities, Denver, and Phoenix, and two teams at separate times in Seattle."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Move to Los Angeles",
"text": "O'Malley was also influential in getting the rival New York Giants to move west to become the San Francisco Giants, thus preserving the two teams' longstanding rivalry."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Move to Los Angeles",
"text": "The National League returned to New York with the introduction of the New York Mets four years after the Dodgers and Giants had departed for California."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Move to Los Angeles",
"text": "He needed another team to go with him, for had he moved out west alone,"
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Move to Los Angeles",
"text": "O'Malley invited San Francisco Mayor George Christopher to New York to meet with Giants owner Horace Stoneham."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Retirement from presidency",
"text": "They sold out to O'Malley making him the sole owner of the Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1958, as owner of the Dodgers, he brought major league baseball to the West Coast, moving the Dodgers from Brooklyn to Los Angeles despite the Dodgers being the second most profitable team in baseball from 1946–1956, and coordinating the move of the New York Giants to San Francisco at a time when there were no teams west of Kansas City, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodgers | Move to Los Angeles",
"text": "In addition, the Athletics, who had already moved to Kansas City, moved to Oakland; Kansas City would get a new team the year after the A's moved to Oakland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "O'Malley attended Jamaica High School in Queens from 1918 to 1920 and then the Culver Academy (the eventual high school alma mater of future New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner) in Indiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "O'Malley grew up as a Bronx-born New York Giants fan."
}
] |
Because he was the owner, Walter O'Malley was able to move two MLB teams out of New York and to California.
| 0 | 0 |
Walter O'Malley
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974."
}
] |
jSjFssebm65Uz61NmxVX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies | 1889-1892 seasons",
"text": "He also became the first major league player to reach 20 home runs and 20 stolen bases (Thompson stole 24 bases) in the same season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thompson also had good speed on the base paths and, in 1889, he became the first major league player to reach 20 home runs and 20 stolen bases in the same season."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Detroit Wolverines | 1887 season",
"text": "On May 7, 1887, Thompson became the first player in major league history to hit two triples with the bases loaded in the same game."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Career statistics and legacy",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974.Thompson"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and later years",
"text": "He was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies | 1889-1892 seasons",
"text": "On October 16, 1888, Thompson was purchased from the Wolverines by the Philadelphia Quakers (known as the Philadelphia Phillies beginning in 1890), for $5,000 cash (equal to $142,278 today).In his first season with Philadelphia, Thompson hit .296 and led the National League with a career-high 20 home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Career statistics and legacy",
"text": "Detroit sports writer Paul H. Bruske noted that Thompson was still able to throw the ball from deep right field to the plate \"on a line\" and that he still had \"a lot of speed on the bases.\" In 15 major league seasons, Thompson compiled a .331 batting average with 1,988 hits, 343 doubles, 161 triples, 126 home runs, 1,305 RBIs, and 232 stolen bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies | 1889-1892 seasons",
"text": "In each of his first four seasons with the Phillies, Thompson finished among the league leaders in total bases and RBIs."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Detroit Wolverines | 1885 and 1886 seasons",
"text": "New York Giants' Hall of Fame pitcher Tim Keefe."
}
] |
Sam Thompson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1984, and was the first major league player to reach 20 home runs and 20 stolen bases in the same season.
| 0 | 0 |
Sam Thompson
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the digestive system the stomach is involved in the second phase of digestion, following chewing."
}
] |
jT4c1VAyxWyUMh0WYiA4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In humans, the stomach lies between the oesophagus and the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other animals",
"text": "Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Diseases",
"text": "Another method of examination of the stomach, is the use of an endoscope."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Diseases",
"text": "A series of radiographs can be used to examine the stomach for various disorders."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Digestion",
"text": "In the human digestive system, a bolus (a small rounded mass of chewed up food) enters the stomach through the esophagus via the lower esophageal sphincter."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Digestion",
"text": "The stomach releases proteases (protein-digesting enzymes such as pepsin) and hydrochloric acid, which kills or inhibits bacteria and provides the acidic pH of 2 for the proteases to work."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Diseases",
"text": "This will often include the use of a barium swallow."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Other",
"text": "This term was coined also to indicate the presence of thyroid autoantibodies or autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with pernicious anemia, a late clinical stage of atrofic gastritis."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Digestion",
"text": "Food is churned by the stomach through muscular contractions of the wall called peristalsis – reducing the volume of the bolus, before looping around the fundus and the body of stomach as the boluses are converted into chyme (partially digested food)."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Other",
"text": "Stomach as nutrition sensorThe human stomach can \"taste\" sodium glutamate using glutamate receptors and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the digestive system the stomach is involved in the second phase of digestion, following chewing."
}
] |
The stomach not used in the first stage of digestion.
| 0 | 0 |
Stomach
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Brando also participated in the singer's two-day solo career 30th-anniversary celebration concerts in 2001, and starred in his 13-minute-long music video, \"You Rock My World,\" in the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "A longtime close friend of entertainer Michael Jackson"
}
] |
jUYqs48LVp5wt9XG2oT9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural influence",
"text": "Marlon Brando is a cultural icon with enduring popularity."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later work",
"text": "After Brando's death, the novel Fan-Tan was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Box office successes and directorial debut: 1954–1959",
"text": "Brando and Simmons were paired together again in the film adaptation of the musical Guys and Dolls (1955)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Box office successes and directorial debut: 1954–1959",
"text": "Guys and Dolls would be Brando's first and last musical role."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural influence",
"text": "Brando was an early lesbian icon who, along with James Dean, influenced the butch look and self-image in the 1950s and after."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "He was also named one of the top 10 \"Icons of the Century\" by Variety magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural influence",
"text": "He was antisocial because he knew society was crap; he was a hero to youth because he was strong enough not to take the crap ... Brando represented a contemporary version of the free American ... Brando is still the most exciting American actor on the screen.\" Sociologist Dr. Suzanne McDonald-Walker states: \"Marlon Brando, sporting leather jacket, jeans, and moody glare, became a cultural icon summing up 'the road' in all its maverick glory."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural influence",
"text": "Ronnie James Dio. Brando has also been immortalized in music; most notably, he was mentioned in the lyrics of \"It's Hard to Be a Saint in the City\" by Bruce Springsteen, \"Vogue\" by Madonna and \"Eyeless\" by Slipknot on their selftitled album."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Brando also participated in the singer's two-day solo career 30th-anniversary celebration concerts in 2001, and starred in his 13-minute-long music video, \"You Rock My World,\" in the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Politics",
"text": "and I turned on the news and Marlon"
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "A longtime close friend of entertainer Michael Jackson"
}
] |
Marlon Brando was not a fan of modern music or modern icons.
| 0 | 0 |
Marlon Brando
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ozymandias\" ( oz-ee-MAN-dee-əs) is the title of two related sonnets published in 1818."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "In antiquity, Ozymandias (Ὀσυμανδύας) was a Greek name for the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II."
}
] |
jUyxqxo2zsUNgD2e2DSs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley wrote the poem in friendly competition with his friend and fellow poet Horace Smith (1779–1849), who also wrote a sonnet on the same topic with the same title."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Smith's poem",
"text": "It takes the same subject, tells the same story, and makes a similar moral point, but one related more directly to modernity, ending by imagining a hunter of the future looking in wonder on the ruins of a forgotten London."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "In antiquity, Ozymandias (Ὀσυμανδύας) was a Greek name for the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "The name \"Ozymandias\" is a rendering in Greek of a part of Ramesses II's throne name, User-maat-re Setep-en-re."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Smith's poem",
"text": "It was originally published under the same title as Shelley's verse; but in later collections Smith retitled it \"On A Stupendous Leg of Granite, Discovered Standing by Itself in the Deserts of Egypt, with the Inscription Inserted Below\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Publication history",
"text": "At this time, members of Shelley's literary circle would sometimes challenge each other to write competing sonnets on a common subject: Shelley, John Keats and Leigh Hunt wrote competing sonnets on the Nile around the same time."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Shelley began writing his poem in 1817, soon after the British Museum's announcement that they had acquired a large fragment of a statue of Ramesses II from the 13th century BCE; some scholars believe Shelley was inspired by the acquisition."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "The 7.25-short-ton (6.58 t; 6,580 kg) fragment of the statue's head and torso had been removed in 1816 from the mortuary temple of Ramesses (the Ramesseum) at Thebes by the Italian adventurer Giovanni Battista Belzoni."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "Although the poems were written and published before the statue arrived in Britain, they may have been inspired by the impending arrival in London in 1821 of a colossal statue of Ramesses II, acquired for the British Museum by the Italian adventurer Giovanni Battista Belzoni in 1816."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ozymandias\" ( oz-ee-MAN-dee-əs) is the title of two related sonnets published in 1818."
}
] |
"Ozymandias" is the same as Ramesses.
| 1 | 1 |
Ozymandias
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The conventional name \"Hittites\" is due to their initial identification with the Biblical Hittites in 19th century archaeology."
}
] |
jV3MPYnLKcOVfv9bFx3Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | New Kingdom | Downfall and demise of the Kingdom",
"text": "Terms of this treaty included the marriage of one of the Hittite princesses to Ramesses."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "In archaeological terms, relationships of the Hittites to the Ezero culture of the Balkans and Maykop culture of the Caucasus have been considered within the migration framework."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Religion in Early Hittite Government to establish control",
"text": "The usage of the term Kattaha over Hannikkun, according to Ronald Gorny (head of the Alisar regional project in Turkey), was a device to downgrade the pre-Hittite identity of this female deity, and to bring her more in touch with the Hittite tradition."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New Kingdom | Downfall and demise of the Kingdom",
"text": "I had by this time annexed much Hittite territory in Asia Minor and Syria, driving out and defeating the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar I in the process, who also had eyes on Hittite lands."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Syro-Hittite states",
"text": "The Phrygians had apparently overrun Cappadocia from the West, with recently discovered epigraphic evidence confirming their origins as the Balkan \"Bryges\" tribe, forced out by the Macedonians."
},
{
"section_header": "Archaeological discovery | Initial discoveries",
"text": "Smaller scale excavations have also been carried out in the immediate surroundings of Hattusa, including the rock sanctuary of Yazılıkaya, which contains numerous rock reliefs portraying the Hittite rulers and the gods of the Hittite pantheon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New Kingdom | Downfall and demise of the Kingdom",
"text": "Hattusili's son, Tudhaliya IV, was the last strong Hittite king able to keep the Assyrians out of the Hittite heartland to some degree at least, though he too lost much territory to them, and was heavily defeated by Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria in the Battle of Nihriya."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | The Pankus",
"text": "The rules and regulations set out by the Edict and the establishment of the Pankus proved to be very successful and lasted all the way through to the new Kingdom in the 14th century BCE.The Pankus established a legal code where violence was not a punishment for a crime."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical Hittites",
"text": "The Hittites are usually depicted as a people living among the Israelites—Abraham purchases the Patriarchal burial-plot of Machpelah from \"Ephron HaChiti\", Ephron the Hittite; and Hittites serve as high military officers in David's army."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical Hittites",
"text": "It is a matter of considerable scholarly debate whether the biblical \"Hittites\" signified any or all of: 1) the original Hattians; 2) their Indo-European conquerors, who retained the name \"Hatti\" for Central Anatolia, and are today referred to as the \"Hittites\" (the subject of this article); or 3) a Canaanite group who may or may not have been related to either or both of the Anatolian groups, and who also may or may not be identical with the later Syro-Hittite states."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The conventional name \"Hittites\" is due to their initial identification with the Biblical Hittites in 19th century archaeology."
}
] |
The term Hittites is taken out of the Quran.
| 1 | 3 |
Hittites
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Argument",
"text": "Milton defends this purpose, holding that to bring forth complaints before the Parliament is a matter of civil liberty and loyalty, because constructive criticism is better than false flattery."
}
] |
jVbOPUu34JF4JKxsutz6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Argument",
"text": "He compliments England for having overcome the tyranny of Charles I and the prelates, but his purpose is to voice his grievances."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Areopagitica; A speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing, to the Parlament of England is a 1644 prose polemic by the English poet, scholar, and polemical author John Milton opposing licensing and censorship."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern references to Areopagitica",
"text": "The Court has cited Areopagitica by name in four cases."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument | Harmfulness of licensing order",
"text": "Milton argues that licensing is \"a dishonour and derogation to the author, to the book, to the privilege and dignity of Learning\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument | Origins of licensing system",
"text": "In some cases, blasphemous or libellous writings were burnt and their authors punished, but it was after production that these texts were rejected rather than prior to it."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument | Conclusion",
"text": "Regardless, Milton certainly is not without remorse for the libellous author, nor does he promote unrestricted free speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "ISBN 9780393979879.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) Milton, John (1918)."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern references to Areopagitica",
"text": "The Supreme Court of the United States has referred to Areopagitica, in interpreting the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, to explain the Amendment's protections."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern references to Areopagitica",
"text": "Most notably, the Court cited Areopagitica in the landmark case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan to explain the inherent value of false statements."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern references to Areopagitica",
"text": "The online magazine Areo, whose editor-in-chief Helen Pluckrose and whose frequent contributor James A. Lindsay were involved in orchestrating the Grievance Studies affair, is named after Areopagitica."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument",
"text": "Milton defends this purpose, holding that to bring forth complaints before the Parliament is a matter of civil liberty and loyalty, because constructive criticism is better than false flattery."
}
] |
The author of Areopagitica would vehemently disagree with the old adage of "If you don't have anything nice to say, don't say anything at all."
| 1 | 2 |
Areopagitica
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "Swift attended Hendersonville High School but transferred to the Aaron Academy after two years, which could better accommodate her touring schedule through homeschooling; she graduated a year early."
}
] |
jVviZLiEllo8KI9onYAW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "She is a benefactor of the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame and in 2010 she donated $75,000 to Nashville's Hendersonville High School to help refurbish the school auditorium."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Songwriting",
"text": "She often addresses the \"anonymous crushes of her high school years\" and celebrities in her early songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "The family moved to a rented house in the suburban town of Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, where she attended Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "Swift attended Hendersonville High School but transferred to the Aaron Academy after two years, which could better accommodate her touring schedule through homeschooling; she graduated a year early."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift",
"text": "She'd write about what happened in school that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2010: Fearless and acting",
"text": "The romantic comedy, released in 2010, saw her play the ditzy girlfriend of a high school jock, a role which the Los Angeles Times felt showed Swift had \"serious comedic potential\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics and activism",
"text": "The music video for Swift's anti-bullying song \"Mean\" deals in part with homophobia in high schools; it was nominated for an MTV VMA social activism award in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "She attended preschool and kindergarten at the Alvernia Montessori School, run by the Bernadine Franciscan sisters, before transferring to The Wyndcroft School."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "In her high school years, she listened to emo-rock bands like Dashboard Confessional, Fall Out Boy, and Jimmy Eat World, and pop/R&B performers like Justin Timberlake, whom she called her \"musical crush\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift",
"text": "They began meeting for two-hour writing sessions every Tuesday afternoon after school."
}
] |
Swift switched schools during her high school.
| 0 | 4 |
Taylor Swift
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Louvre (English: LOOV(-rə)), or the Louvre Museum (French: Musée du Louvre [myze dy luvʁ] (listen)), is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "It is the world's most visited museum, averaging 15,000 visitors per day, 65 percent of whom are foreign tourists."
}
] |
jWWvvoLavUfeDeyJW6iZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2019, the Louvre received 9.6 million visitors, making it the most visited museum in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "It is the world's most visited museum, averaging 15,000 visitors per day, 65 percent of whom are foreign tourists."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Third Republic and World Wars",
"text": "At the beginning of World War II the museum removed most of the art and hid valuable pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Five of them are owned by the Louvre, but the Mona Lisa was not included because it is in such great demand among visitors to the Louvre museum; the work remained on display in its gallery."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Satellite museums | Iran",
"text": "In March 2018 an exhibition of dozens of artworks and relics belonging to France's Louvre Museum was opened to visitors in Tehran, as a result of an agreement between Iranian and French presidents in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Satellite museums | Iran",
"text": "In the Louvre, two departments were allocated to the antiquities of the Iranian civilization, and the managers of the two departments visited Tehran."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Satellite museums | Lens",
"text": "In 2004, French officials decided to build a satellite museum on the site of an abandoned coal pit in the former mining town of Lens to relieve the crowded Paris Louvre, increase total museum visits, and improve the industrial north's economy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Satellite museums | Lens",
"text": "Museum officials predicted that the new building, capable of receiving about 600 works of art, would attract up to 500,000 visitors a year when it opened in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Collections | Painting",
"text": "The Italian paintings compose most of the remnants of Francis I and Louis XIV's collections, others are unreturned artwork from the Napoleon era, and some were bought."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "At least one announcement reading \"Free entrance offered by the archeologists\" has been attached to the ticket desk and a number of people visited the museum free of charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Louvre (English: LOOV(-rə)), or the Louvre Museum (French: Musée du Louvre [myze dy luvʁ] (listen)), is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France."
}
] |
The Louvre is visited by more visitors that any other museum in the world.
| 1 | 7 |
Louvre
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A total of 109 delegations arrived to represent the belligerent states, but not all delegations were present at the same time."
}
] |
jWwK8Q6k874PuRGSNdpe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) were two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "Two complementary treaties were signed on 24 October 1648: The Treaty of Münster (Instrumentum Pacis Monasteriensis, IPM), between the Holy Roman Emperor and France, along with their respective allies"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three treaties were signed to end each of the overlapping wars: the Peace of Münster, the Treaty of Münster, and the Treaty of Osnabrück."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "The Peace of Münster was signed by the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Spain on 30 January 1648, and was ratified in Münster on 15 May 1648."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They ended the Thirty Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The treaties did not entirely end conflicts arising out of the Thirty Years' War."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "Three separate treaties constituted the peace settlement."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "In Münster, negotiations took place between the Holy Roman Empire and France, as well as between the Dutch Republic and Spain who on 30 January 1648 signed a peace treaty, that was not part of the Peace of Westphalia."
},
{
"section_header": "Delegations",
"text": "The peace negotiations had no exact beginning and ending, because the 109 delegations never met in a plenary session."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "The Treaty of Osnabrück (Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugensis, IPO), between the Holy Roman Empire and Sweden, along with their respective allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A total of 109 delegations arrived to represent the belligerent states, but not all delegations were present at the same time."
}
] |
Two peace treaties signed in October 1648 are together called The Peace of Westphalia which ended the Thirty Years' War had all the delegates meet to write the treaties.
| 0 | 0 |
Peace of Westphalia
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second-most populous country, the seventh-largest country by area, and the most populous democracy in the world."
}
] |
jWzsC5wCaw253nJR4kG2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics and government | Government",
"text": "The Constitution of India, which came into effect on 26 January 1950, originally stated India to be a \"sovereign, democratic republic;\" this characterisation was amended in 1971 to \"a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "India has been a secular federal republic since 1950, governed in a democratic parliamentary system."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and government | Politics",
"text": "In 1998, the BJP was able to form a successful coalition, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern India",
"text": "Vital to India's self-image as an independent nation was its constitution, completed in 1950, which put in place a secular and democratic republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports and recreation",
"text": "India has traditionally been the dominant country at the South Asian Games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second-most populous country, the seventh-largest country by area, and the most populous democracy in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Clothing",
"text": "Until the beginning of the first millennium CE, the ordinary dress of people in India was entirely unstitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Biodiversity",
"text": "India is a megadiverse country, a term employed for 17 countries which display high biological diversity and contain many species exclusively indigenous, or endemic, to them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "This was caused in large part by an entrepreneurial response among people from the Punjab region who had been displaced by the 1947 partition of India, and had arrived in India as refugees."
}
] |
India is the democratic country with the most people.
| 0 | 0 |
India
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | In cabinet",
"text": "Three years later, on 6 May 1913, he founded L'Homme libre (\"The Free Man\") newspaper in Paris, for which he wrote a daily editorial."
},
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | Dreyfus Affair",
"text": "on the front page of the Paris daily newspaper L'Aurore, of which he was owner and editor."
}
] |
jYEDLkF26I52cx6sFsRc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic",
"text": "He ran for election to the Paris Commune council, but received less than eight hundred votes and took no part in its governance."
},
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | Dreyfus Affair",
"text": "on the front page of the Paris daily newspaper L'Aurore, of which he was owner and editor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "During the period of the French Revolution, the Vendée had been a hotbed of monarchist sympathies."
},
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | Dreyfus Affair",
"text": "In all, Clemenceau published 665 articles defending Dreyfus during the affair."
},
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | Chamber of Deputies",
"text": "In 1880, Clemenceau started his newspaper La Justice, which became the principal organ of Parisian Radicalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism and American experience",
"text": "He maintained a medical practice, but spent much of his time on political journalism for a Parisian newspaper, Le Temps."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism and American experience",
"text": "During this time, he joined French exile clubs in New York opposing the imperial regime."
},
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | In cabinet",
"text": "Three years later, on 6 May 1913, he founded L'Homme libre (\"The Free Man\") newspaper in Paris, for which he wrote a daily editorial."
},
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | Prime Minister again | 1918: Clemenceau's crackdown",
"text": "He relaxed censorship on political views as he believed that newspapers had the right to criticize political figures: \"The right to insult members of the government is inviolable."
},
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | Prime Minister again | 1917",
"text": "It was a challenging situation for Clemenceau; after years of criticizing other men during the war, he suddenly found himself in a position of supreme power."
}
] |
Georges Clemenceau ran a newspaper during WWI.
| 0 | 0 |
Georges Clemenceau
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | First Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "The First Boer War, also known as the First Anglo-Boer War or the Transvaal War, was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 and was the first clash between the British and the South African Republic (Z.A.R.) Boers."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | Second Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "After a protracted hard-fought war, the two independent republics lost and were absorbed into the British Empire."
}
] |
jZHVUIzZwNFPmyD3M1RT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | Second Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "The treaty ended the existence of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State as Boer republics and placed them within the British Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | Second Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "The war was fought between Great Britain and the two independent Boer republics of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic (referred to as the Transvaal by the British)."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | First Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "The First Boer War, also known as the First Anglo-Boer War or the Transvaal War, was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 and was the first clash between the British and the South African Republic (Z.A.R.) Boers."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | Second Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "After a protracted hard-fought war, the two independent republics lost and were absorbed into the British Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | First Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "As a result, William Gladstone's British government signed a truce on 6 March, and in the final peace treaty on 23 March 1881, gave the Boers self-government in the South African Republic (Transvaal) under a theoretical British oversight."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | First Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "It was precipitated by Sir Theophilus Shepstone, who annexed the South African Republic (Transvaal Republic) for the British in 1877."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I | Bonds with the British Empire",
"text": "The Union of South Africa, which came into being in 1910, tied closely to the British Empire, joined Great Britain and the allies against the German Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | Jameson Raid",
"text": "It congratulated Paul Kruger for defeating the raid, as well as appearing to recognise the Boer republic and offer support."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | Second Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "In all, the war had cost around 75,000 lives – 22,000 British soldiers (7,792 battle casualties, the rest through disease), 6,000–7,000 Boer Commandos, 20,000–28,000 Boer civilians, mostly women and children due to disease in concentration camps, and an estimated 20,000 black Africans, Boer allies, who died in their own separate concentration camps."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | Second Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "The Second Boer War, also known as the Second Anglo-Boer War, the Second Freedom War (Afrikaans) and referred to as the South African War in modern times took place from 11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902."
}
] |
The 2 Boer Wars consisted of the British empire overpowering the South African Republics of Boer after a violent and difficult war.
| 0 | 0 |
Boer Wars
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "MetLife Stadium is an American sports stadium located at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, 8 miles (13 km) west of New York City."
}
] |
jZMysgMIlLJ0buiCXWyS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the home stadium of two National Football League (NFL) franchises, the New York Giants and the New York Jets."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "MetLife Stadium is an American sports stadium located at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, 8 miles (13 km) west of New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally known as New Meadowlands Stadium upon opening in 2010, its naming rights were acquired in 2011 by New York City-based insurance company MetLife."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable events | Super Bowl XLVIII",
"text": "However, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell waived this requirement and allowed MetLife Stadium on the ballot because of a \"unique, once-only circumstance based on the opportunity to celebrate the new stadium and the great heritage and history of the NFL in the New York region\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Naming rights",
"text": "No agreement was reached and talks between Allianz and the teams ended on September 12, 2008.On June 27, 2011, it was reported that New York City-based insurance company MetLife entered discussions to purchase naming rights to the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Additionally, it is the fourth building in the New York metropolitan area to be home to multiple teams from the same sports league, after the Polo Grounds, which was home to the baseball Giants and Yankees from 1903 to 1922, and Shea Stadium, which housed both the Yankees and Mets during the 1974 and 1975 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable events | Firsts and notable moments",
"text": "December 24, 2011: The visiting Giants defeat the hosting Jets 29–14 in what is the biggest regular season match-up between the two New York teams in recent years, due to postseason implications for both sides."
},
{
"section_header": "Accessibility and transportation",
"text": "The Meadowlands Rail Line operates on event days between Meadowlands station and Hoboken Terminal via Secaucus Junction, where there is connecting service to Pennsylvania Station (New York City), Pennsylvania Station (Newark), and other New Jersey Transit rail operations."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable events | Super Bowl XLVIII",
"text": "On May 25, 2010, it was announced that Super Bowl XLVIII was awarded to the stadium, the first time a Super Bowl would be played in the New York metropolitan area, and the first time that a non-domed stadium in a cold-weather city would host it."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable events | Other events",
"text": "Electric Daisy Carnival's stop in the New York Metropolitan Area bringing electronic acts including Armin Van Buuren, Hardwell, Porter Robinson and Tiësto."
}
] |
MetLife Stadium is the home stadium for 2 NFL teams, the New York Giants and the New York Jets, and is located in New York City, New York.
| 0 | 0 |
MetLife Stadium
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Reeves grew up in Toronto."
}
] |
jb0aFPXfjbSMNz5VVUe5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Keanu Charles Reeves was born in Beirut, Lebanon, on September 2, 1964, the son of Patricia (née Taylor), a costume designer and performer, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Keanu Charles Reeves ( kee-AH-noo; born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor, musician, film producer, director, comic book writer and artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On December 24, 1999, Reeves' girlfriend, Jennifer Syme, gave birth eight months into her pregnancy to Ava Archer Syme-Reeves, who was stillborn."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (texts by); Grant, Alexandra (photographs by) (2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Shadows: A Collaborative Project by Alexandra Grant and Keanu Reeves."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (text by); Grant, Alexandra (drawings by, book design by) (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–present",
"text": "His next release, the comedy Keanu, was better received."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "An unofficial holiday was created when a Facebook fan page declared June 15 as \"Cheer-up Keanu Day\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–1990: Early work",
"text": "Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 79% approval rating with the critical consensus: \"Keanu Reeves and Alex Winter are just charming, goofy, and silly enough to make this fluffy time-travel Adventure work\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "The images were posted on the 4chan discussion board and were soon distributed via several blogs and media outlets, leading to the \"Sad Keanu\" meme being spread on the internet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Reeves grew up in Toronto."
}
] |
Keanu Charles Reeves is Israeli by birth.
| 0 | 0 |
Keanu Reeves
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother Elena Glinskaya initially acted as regent, but she died of what many believe to be assassination by poison, in 1538 when Ivan was only eight years old."
}
] |
jb12fBUOrRxcvtAbL4vV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Domestic policy | Oprichnina",
"text": "His first wife, Anastasia Romanovna, died in 1560, and her death was suspected to be a poisoning."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearance",
"text": "Chemical and structural analysis of his remains disproved earlier suggestions that Ivan suffered from syphilis, or that he was poisoned by arsenic or strangled."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother Elena Glinskaya initially acted as regent, but she died of what many believe to be assassination by poison, in 1538 when Ivan was only eight years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Ivan the Terrible had four legitimate wives, three of them were poisoned, presumably, by his enemies or the royal families, who wanted to promote their daughters to the tzar's brides."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The political effect was to elevate Ivan's position."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "The first part is about Ivan's early years."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Livonian War",
"text": "Ivan's realm was being squeezed by two of the great powers of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ivan's management of Russia's economy proved disastrous, both in his lifetime and after."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic policy | Oprichnina",
"text": "The 1560s brought to Russia hardships that led to a dramatic change of Ivan's policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "At Ivan's death, the empire encompassed the Caspian to the southwest, and Western Siberia to the east."
}
] |
Ivan's dad was poisoned.
| 0 | 0 |
Ivan the Terrible
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Our American Cousin is a three-act play by English playwright Tom Taylor."
}
] |
jbeZ6WVfcnU7JZtxXrK5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Principal roles and original cast",
"text": "Asa Trenchard (a rustic American) – Joseph Jefferson"
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"",
"text": "A number of sequel plays to Our American Cousin were written, all featuring several characters from the original, and focusing on the Lord Dundreary character."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"",
"text": "He mentioned his qualms to his friend Joseph Jefferson, who had been cast in the lead role, and Jefferson supposedly responded with the famous line: \"There are no small parts, only small actors."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "\"I've always denied the legend that you were in 'Our American Cousin' the night Lincoln was shot.\" Our American Cousin was adapted for the radio anthology program On Stage in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"",
"text": "\"Our American Cousin premiered in New York on October 15, 1858."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Our American Cousin is a three-act play by English playwright Tom Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play premiered with great success at Laura Keene's Theatre in New York City in 1858, with Keene in the cast, the title character played by Joseph Jefferson and Edward Askew Sothern, playing Lord Dundreary, who eventually parlayed this supporting role into a leading one."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"",
"text": "\"It was not long before the success of this play inspired an imitation, Charles Gayler's Our Female American Cousin, which opened in New York City in January 1859."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"",
"text": "The first was Gayler's Our American Cousin at Home, or, Lord Dundreary Abroad, which premiered in Buffalo, New York, in November 1860, and had its New York City debut"
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "Eric W. Sawyer's 2008 opera Our American Cousin presents a fictionalized version of the night of Lincoln's assassination from the point of view of the actors in the cast of Taylor's play."
}
] |
The book Our American Cousin was written by Joseph Jefferson.
| 1 | 5 |
Our American Cousin
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "He later led the Social Democratic Party of Slovakia, and spoke against the dissolution of Czechoslovakia before his death in November 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "After the collapse of the Communist regime that month, Dubček became chairman of the federal assembly under the Havel administration."
}
] |
jc8F2uDTjRtvlYGSM2NY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Soviet reaction | Invasion",
"text": "Alexander Dubček called upon his people not to resist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After national discussion of dividing the country into a federation of three republics, Bohemia, Moravia-Silesia and Slovakia, Dubček oversaw the decision to split into two, the Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The only significant change that survived was the federalization of the country, which created the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Soviet reaction | Invasion",
"text": "During the invasion 72 Czechs and Slovaks were killed (19 of those in Slovakia), 266 severely wounded and another 436 slightly injured."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Cultural impact",
"text": "A former publishing house based in Toronto, 68 Publishers, that published books by exiled Czech and Slovak authors, took its name from the event."
},
{
"section_header": "Soviet reaction",
"text": "After the conference, the Soviet troops left Czechoslovak territory but remained along its borders."
},
{
"section_header": "Dubček's rise to power",
"text": "As President Antonín Novotný was losing support, Alexander Dubček, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Slovakia, and economist Ota Šik challenged him at a meeting of the Central Committee of the Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), and continued until 21 August 1968, when the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact members invaded the country to suppress the reforms."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialism with a human face | Dubček Speech",
"text": "It was for the first time in Czech history the censorship was abolished and it was also probably the only reform fully implemented, although only for a short period."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "He later led the Social Democratic Party of Slovakia, and spoke against the dissolution of Czechoslovakia before his death in November 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "After the collapse of the Communist regime that month, Dubček became chairman of the federal assembly under the Havel administration."
}
] |
Alexander Dubček was ultimately for the separation of the Slovak and Czech territories.
| 0 | 1 |
Prague Spring
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, two miles (3 km) west of Amesbury."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Archaeological research and restoration | 2000s",
"text": "According to team leader Vince Gaffney, this discovery may provide a direct link between the rituals and astronomical events to activities within the Cursus at Stonehenge."
}
] |
jcKykrHEmCCk1qdP8x8n
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Function and construction",
"text": "The bluestones of Stonehenge were quarried near a town in Wales called Maenclochog, which means \"ringing rock\", where the local bluestones were used as church bells until the 18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Early history | Stonehenge 3 I (c. 2600 BC)",
"text": "although there is no evidence of glacial deposition within southern central England."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Folklore | Arthurian legend",
"text": "According to Geoffrey, the rocks of Stonehenge were healing rocks, called the Giant's dance, which giants had brought from Africa to Ireland for their healing properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, two miles (3 km) west of Amesbury."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Archaeological research and restoration | 2000s",
"text": "According to team leader Vince Gaffney, this discovery may provide a direct link between the rituals and astronomical events to activities within the Cursus at Stonehenge."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present",
"text": "Stonehenge with about 30 acres, 2 rods, 37 perches [12.44 ha] of adjoining downland.\" Cecil Chubb bought the site for £6,600 (£532,800 in 2020) and gave it to the nation three years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Function and construction",
"text": "Whatever religious, mystical or spiritual elements were central to Stonehenge, its design includes a celestial observatory function, which might have allowed prediction of eclipse, solstice, equinox and other celestial events important to a contemporary religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Folklore | Arthurian legend",
"text": "They slew 7,000 Irish, but as the knights tried to move the rocks with ropes and force, they failed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early history | Stonehenge 3 II (2600 BC to 2400 BC)",
"text": "They were linked using complex jointing."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Neopaganism",
"text": "After the Battle of the Beanfield in 1985, this use of the site was stopped for several years and ritual use of Stonehenge is now heavily restricted."
}
] |
Stonehenge is a bunch of rocks in England that has been used in ritualistic events.
| 1 | 3 |
Stonehenge
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Huldrych Zwingli or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system."
}
] |
jcj5tzVpWMnO95B8ZTXf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He continued his studies while he served as a pastor in Glarus and later in Einsiedeln, where he was influenced by the writings of Erasmus."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1484–1518)",
"text": "Zwingli's time as the pastor of Glarus and Einsiedeln was characterized by inner growth and development."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1484–1518)",
"text": "His first ecclesiastical post was the pastorate of the town of Glarus, where he stayed for ten years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Huldrych Zwingli or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Reformation progresses in Zürich (1524–1525)",
"text": "It served to retrain and re-educate the clergy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Reformation progresses in Zürich (1524–1525)",
"text": "When Hofmann left the city, opposition from pastors hostile to the Reformation broke down."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Reformation in the Confederation (1526–1528)",
"text": "Of the thirteen Confederation members, Glarus, Solothurn, Fribourg, and Appenzell as well as the Five States voted against Zwingli."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Politics, confessions, the Kappel Wars, and death (1529–1531)",
"text": "Many pastors, including Zwingli, were among the soldiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1519, Zwingli became the pastor of the Grossmünster in Zürich where he began to preach ideas on reform of the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1484–1518)",
"text": "It was in Glarus, whose soldiers were used as mercenaries in Europe, that Zwingli became involved in politics."
}
] |
Huldrych Zwingli served as a pastor in Glarus and later in Einsiedeln, and was a leader of the Reformation in England.
| 0 | 0 |
Huldrych Zwingli
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They also create magnetic fields, which are used in motors, generators, inductors, and transformers."
}
] |
jcqHM5KinYSsaBUR7Jxg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism | Electromagnet",
"text": "Electric current produces a magnetic field."
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism | Electromagnetic induction",
"text": "Magnetic fields can also be used to make electric currents."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrences",
"text": "Eddy currents are electric currents that occur in conductors exposed to changing magnetic fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Current measurement",
"text": "Current can also be measured without breaking the circuit by detecting the magnetic field associated with the current."
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism | Electromagnet",
"text": "The magnetic field can be visualized as a pattern of circular field lines surrounding the wire that persists as long as there is current."
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism | Electromagnetic induction",
"text": "When a changing magnetic field is applied to a conductor, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced, which starts an electric current, when there is a suitable path."
},
{
"section_header": "Conduction mechanisms in various media | Gases and plasmas",
"text": "A plasma can be formed by high temperature, or by application of a high electric or alternating magnetic field as noted above."
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism | Radio waves",
"text": "These travel at the speed of light and can cause electric currents in distant conductors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They also create magnetic fields, which are used in motors, generators, inductors, and transformers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electric currents cause Joule heating, which creates light in incandescent light bulbs."
}
] |
An electric current can cause a magnetic field.
| 0 | 0 |
Electric current
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his brief career, he wrote over 100 original ragtime pieces, one ragtime ballet, and two operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Scott Joplin (c. 1868 – April 1, 1917) was an African-American composer and pianist."
}
] |
jdV5uYAYzEmy3I7G5IWP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works | Performance skills",
"text": "While Joplin never made an audio recording, his playing is preserved on seven piano rolls for use in mechanical player pianos."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "The group subsequently recorded two more albums for Golden Crest Records: More Scott Joplin Rags in 1974 and The Road From Rags"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his brief career, he wrote over 100 original ragtime pieces, one ragtime ballet, and two operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Performance skills",
"text": "Artie Matthews recalled the \"delight\" the St. Louis players took in outplaying Joplin."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "In November 1970, Rifkin released a recording called Scott Joplin: Piano Rags on the classical label Nonesuch."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years and death",
"text": "\"By 1916, Joplin was suffering from tertiary syphilis but more specifically"
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "In 1979, Alan Rich wrote in the magazine New York that by giving artists like Rifkin the opportunity to put Joplin's music on disc, Nonesuch Records \"...created, almost alone, the Scott Joplin revival."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Joplin wrote his rags as \"classical\" music in miniature form in order to raise ragtime above its \"cheap bordello\" origins and produced work that opera historian Elise Kirk described as, \"... more tuneful, contrapuntal, infectious, and harmonically colorful than any others of his era."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Missouri",
"text": "The march was described by one of Joplin's biographers as a \"special... early essay in ragtime.\" While in Sedalia, Joplin taught piano to students who included future ragtime composers Arthur Marshall, Brun Campbell and Scott Hayden."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Missouri",
"text": "Joplin's first biographer, Rudi Blesh wrote that during its first six months the piece sold 75,000 copies, and became \"... the first great instrumental sheet music hit in America.\" However, research by Joplin's later biographer"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Scott Joplin (c. 1868 – April 1, 1917) was an African-American composer and pianist."
}
] |
Scott Joplin was a piano player and who wrote more than 95 pieces.
| 3 | 6 |
Scott Joplin
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Government | Shogun and foreign trade",
"text": "The visits of the Nanban ships from Portugal were at first the main vector of trade exchanges, followed by the addition of Dutch, English and sometimes Spanish ships."
}
] |
jdoD1zICsYJoK96bLIDX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government | Shogun and foreign trade",
"text": "Rice was the main trading product of Japan during this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Shogun and foreign trade",
"text": "Foreign trade was also permitted to the Satsuma and the Tsushima domains."
},
{
"section_header": "Institutions of the shogunate | Gaikoku bugyō",
"text": "They were charged with overseeing trade and diplomatic relations with foreign countries, and were based in the treaty ports of Nagasaki and Kanagawa (Yokohama)."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Shogun and foreign trade",
"text": "Isolationism was the foreign policy of Japan and trade was strictly controlled."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Shogun and foreign trade",
"text": "Foreign affairs and trade were monopolized by the shogunate, yielding a huge profit."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Shogun and foreign trade",
"text": "From 1603 onward, Japan started to participate actively in foreign trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Institutions of the shogunate | Rōjū and wakadoshiyori",
"text": "The soba yōnin increased in importance during the time of the fifth shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, when a wakadoshiyori, Inaba Masayasu, assassinated Hotta Masatoshi, the tairō."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Shogun and foreign trade",
"text": "Until 1635, the Shogun issued numerous permits for the so-called \"red seal ships\" destined for the Asian trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Shogun and foreign trade",
"text": "The visits of the Nanban ships from Portugal were at first the main vector of trade exchanges, followed by the addition of Dutch, English and sometimes Spanish ships."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Shogun and foreign trade",
"text": "In 1615, an embassy and trade mission under Hasekura Tsunenaga was sent across the Pacific to Nueva España (New Spain) on the Japanese-built galleon San Juan Bautista."
}
] |
Trading was done with a few European countries during the time of this government.
| 0 | 0 |
Tokugawa shogunate
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was attending junior high school, his parents divorced."
}
] |
jdsfYoiJf1qRJk1vkUlJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was attending junior high school, his parents divorced."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres | Trade",
"text": "Upon learning of the trade, Smith's initial reaction was to invoke the clause and stay in San Diego, but he was still interested to hear what the Cardinals had to say."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "The couple developed a relationship that was sometimes long-distance in nature, and eventually decided to marry."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2012, Smith made news headlines again, when he sold all of his Gold Gloves at auction together for more than $500,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "The parties entered into a contract dispute before the 1980 season, and when negotiations lasted into spring training, the Padres renewed Smith's contract at his 1979 salary of $72,500 Smith's agent told the Padres the shortstop would forgo the season to race in the Tour de France, despite the fact Smith admitted to The Break Room on 96.5 WCMF in Rochester, New York he had never heard of the Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "Smith, who had never hit a home run in his previous 3,009 left-handed major league at-bats, pulled an inside fastball down the right-field line for a walk-off home run, ending Game 5 in a 3–2 Cardinals victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After high school Smith attended Cal Poly San Luis Obispo in 1974 on a partial academic scholarship, and managed to walk-on to the baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "Herzog would later say of Smith's contributions that, \"If he saved two runs a game on defense, which he did many a night, it seemed to me that was just as valuable to the team as a player who drove in two runs a game on offense."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "After Smith's teammate Jack Clark hit a late-inning home run of his own in Game 6 to defeat the Dodgers, the Cardinals moved on to face the Kansas City Royals in the 1985 World Series."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith's parents were never married but they still attended most of his games together.
| 3 | 5 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yastrzemski played his entire 23-year Major League career with the Boston Red Sox (1961–1983)."
}
] |
je0ZfmdZHQenHcChcLhW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "He is one of two players to win the All-Star Game MVP Award despite playing for the losing team, Brooks Robinson having done so in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Career regular season statistics",
"text": "Through the end of the 2017 season, on the all-time lists for Major League Baseball, Yastrzemski ranks first for games played for one team, second for games played, third for at-bats, sixth for bases on balls, eighth for doubles, ninth for hits, ninth for total bases, 13th for extra-base hits, and 14th for RBIs."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "No player has had a longer career with only one team, 23 seasons, a record which he shares with Brooks Robinson of the Baltimore Orioles."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "However, he did not sign with either team, as he played college baseball for the Vanderbilt Commodores."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "He signed with the Baltimore Orioles after being selected in the 2013 MLB draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "In 1978 Yastrzemski, then 39, was one of the five oldest players in the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "In addition, Yastrzemski only trails Ty Cobb and Derek Jeter in hits collected with a single team, and trails only Cobb, Jeter and Tris Speaker in hits collected playing in the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raised on his father's potato farm, Carl played on sandlot baseball teams with his father, who, he maintains, was a better athlete than he was."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "In March 2019, he was traded to the San Francisco Giants organization, and he made his MLB debut with the Giants on May 25, 2019.On September 17, 2019, as a member of the Giants, in his first game played at Fenway Park, Mike went 2-for-7 with a home run and a double."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "Yastrzemski made the final out in Game 7 on a fly out to center, trailing by one run."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yastrzemski played his entire 23-year Major League career with the Boston Red Sox (1961–1983)."
}
] |
Yastrzemski only played with one team during his MLB career.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Yastrzemski
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Clyde Kell (August 23, 1922 – March 24, 2009) was an American Major League Baseball third baseman who played 15 seasons for the Philadelphia Athletics (1943–1946), Detroit Tigers (1947–1952), Boston Red Sox (1952–1954), Chicago White Sox (1954–1956), and Baltimore Orioles (1956–57)."
}
] |
jeURPYYLGVhGmmwzcJhK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Kell finished his career with the Baltimore Orioles (1956–57), where he helped fellow Arkansan and Hall of Famer Brooks Robinson take over the third base position for the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting",
"text": "Kell also helped call the 1959 National League tie-breaker series for ABC television along with Bob DeLaney, the 1962 National League tie-breaker series for NBC television along with Bob Wolff, the 1962 World Series for NBC Radio along with Joe Garagiola, and Games 3–5 of the 1968 World Series (for which the Tigers were the home team) for NBC television along with Curt Gowdy. Kell initially called Tigers games on both radio and television, splitting the play-by-play with Van Patrick in his first season and then with Ernie Harwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kell's brother, Everett \"Skeeter\" Kell, played the 1952 season for the Philadelphia Athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting",
"text": "And now today I know that I am more deeply in debt than ever before.\" Following his retirement as a player, Kell worked as a play-by-play announcer for CBS television (1958) and the Tigers (1959–1963, 1965–1996)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In college, Kell played for Arkansas State, where the baseball facility, Tomlinson Stadium–Kell Field, is named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting | Broadcasting style",
"text": "Whale of a play!\" His home run call was simple but delivered with rising pitch: \"A long drive... way back...and gone!”"
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Kell died at age 86 in his sleep in his hometown of Swifton, Arkansas on March 24, 2009.Fox Sports Detroit, by then the Tigers' local TV rights holder, honored Kell with re-airings of the special FSN Basement: All Star Edition 2005 featuring interviews with Kell and Al Kaline, each recalling their memories of playing for the Tigers and working together in the television booth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Clyde Kell (August 23, 1922 – March 24, 2009) was an American Major League Baseball third baseman who played 15 seasons for the Philadelphia Athletics (1943–1946), Detroit Tigers (1947–1952), Boston Red Sox (1952–1954), Chicago White Sox (1954–1956), and Baltimore Orioles (1956–57)."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting | Broadcasting style",
"text": "\"I got up, made the play at third, then passed out.\" He would also recount his early career interactions with the Hall of Fame owner and 50+ year manager of the Philadelphia Athletics, Connie Mack, whom he always referenced respectfully as “Mr. Mack”."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kell is survived by his second wife, Carolyn."
}
] |
Kell played for 5 MLB teams.
| 0 | 0 |
George Kell
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 20th century",
"text": "1916: For two years during World War I, the bells were silenced and the clock faces were not illuminated at night to avoid guiding attacking German Zeppelins.29 December 1927: Snow build-up on a clock face stopped the clock."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 20th century",
"text": "Winter 1928: Heavy snow stopped the clock for several hours.2 April 1934: The clock stopped from 7:16 a.m. to 1:15 pm, when it was repaired.23 September 1936: A painter painting the inside of the clock room placed a ladder against a shaft driving the hands, stopping the clock from 8:47 to 10 am.1 September 1939: Although the bells continued to ring, the clock faces were not illuminated at night throughout World War II to avoid guiding bomber pilots during the Blitz.10 May 1941: A German bombing raid damaged two of the clock's dials."
}
] |
jfQ4hp9pLidVuCXVspEz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bells | Great Bell",
"text": "According to the foundry's manager, George Mears, the horologist Denison had used a hammer more than twice the maximum weight specified."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its base is square, measuring 39 feet (12 m) on each side."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Dials",
"text": "At the base of each clock dial, in gilt letters, is the Latin inscription: DOMINE SALVAM FAC REGINAM NOSTRAM VICTORIAM PRIMAM which means O Lord, keep safe our Queen Victoria the First."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells | Chimes",
"text": "Because the low bell (B) is struck twice in quick succession, there is not enough time to pull a hammer back, and it is supplied with two wrench hammers on opposite sides of the bell."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "The Big Ben chimes (known within ITN as \"The Bongs\") continue to be used during the headlines and all ITV News bulletins use a graphic based on the Westminster clock dial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the largest bell in the United Kingdom for 23 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells | Chimes",
"text": "The tune is that of the Cambridge Chimes, first used for the chimes of Great St Mary's church, Cambridge, and supposedly a variation, attributed to William Crotch, based on violin phrases from the air"
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "Big Ben is a focal point of New Year celebrations in the United Kingdom, with radio and television stations airing its chimes to welcome the start of the New Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 20th century",
"text": "Winter 1928: Heavy snow stopped the clock for several hours.2 April 1934: The clock stopped from 7:16 a.m. to 1:15 pm, when it was repaired.23 September 1936: A painter painting the inside of the clock room placed a ladder against a shaft driving the hands, stopping the clock from 8:47 to 10 am.1 September 1939: Although the bells continued to ring, the clock faces were not illuminated at night throughout World War II to avoid guiding bomber pilots during the Blitz.10 May 1941: A German bombing raid damaged two of the clock's dials."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Design",
"text": "Experts believe the tower's lean will not be a problem for another 4,000 to 10,000 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock | Breakdowns and other incidents | 20th century",
"text": "1916: For two years during World War I, the bells were silenced and the clock faces were not illuminated at night to avoid guiding attacking German Zeppelins.29 December 1927: Snow build-up on a clock face stopped the clock."
}
] |
The clock was darkened for several years, twice, to prevent airplane based explosive aggressions.
| 0 | 0 |
Big Ben
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McCartney and Starr remain musically active."
}
] |
jfahyUyg1b1Wq7ZvXyLB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McCartney and Starr remain musically active."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group, whose best-known lineup comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, are regarded as the most influential band of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1970s",
"text": "In April 1974, the musical John, Paul, George, Ringo ... and Bert, written by Willy Russell and featuring singer Barbara Dickson, opened in London."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "Already contemplating Best's dismissal, the Beatles replaced him in mid-August with Ringo Starr, who left Rory Storm and the Hurricanes to join them."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album",
"text": "Harrison later said, \"Basically, it was chaos ... John and Paul got carried away with the idea and blew millions, and Ringo and I just had to go along with it.\" From late May to mid-October 1968, the group recorded what became The Beatles, a double LP commonly known as \"the White Album\" for its virtually featureless cover."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album",
"text": "[It's] John and the band, Paul and the band, George and the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined them as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he and Lennon met that July."
},
{
"section_header": "Song catalogue",
"text": "That year, as well, Starr created Startling Music, which holds the rights to his Beatles compositions, \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "I thought, 'We've fuckin' had it now.'\" Harrison's then-wife Pattie Boyd remembered that \"Paul and George were in complete shock."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "As icons of the 1960s counterculture, Gould continues, they became a catalyst for bohemianism and activism in various social and political arenas, fuelling movements such as women's liberation, gay liberation and environmentalism."
}
] |
Paul Mc Cartney and Ringo Starr are not anymore musically active.
| 1 | 2 |
The Beatles
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "He wrote, \"Everyone regrets drinking and swears an oath (of abstinence); I swore the oath and regret that.\" Babur died in Agra at the age of 47 on 5 January"
}
] |
jfc5azG6OPDRRMjP3BYm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | At Kabul",
"text": "It was a brief raid across the Khyber Pass."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "'l-ʿazam wa 'l-ḫāqān al-mukkarram pādshāh-e ġāzī."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the Mughal Empire | First battle of Panipat",
"text": "Babur then marched onto Lahore to confront Daulat Khan Lodi, only to see Daulat's army melt away at their approach."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rana prepared an army of Rajputs and Afghans to force Babur out of India, however the Rana was defeated in the Battle of Khanwa (1527) after which he was fatally poisoned (1528) by his own men."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | As ruler of Fergana",
"text": "Meanwhile, a rebellion back home, approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi) away, amongst nobles who favoured his brother, robbed him of Fergana."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | As ruler of Fergana",
"text": "Babur had a great ambition to capture the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the Mughal Empire | First battle of Panipat",
"text": "Babur marched on to Delhi via Sirhind."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Babur is considered a national hero in Uzbekistan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babur died in 1530 in Agra and Humayun succeeded him."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | As ruler of Fergana",
"text": "Only after this were Babur and his troops allowed to depart the city in safety."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "He wrote, \"Everyone regrets drinking and swears an oath (of abstinence); I swore the oath and regret that.\" Babur died in Agra at the age of 47 on 5 January"
}
] |
Babur was poisoned and passed away in his 40s.
| 0 | 0 |
Babur
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yastrzemski is an 18-time All-Star, the possessor of seven Gold Gloves, a member of the 3,000 hit club, and the first American League player in that club to also accumulate over 400 home runs."
}
] |
jhQ9Oi4HQchsPOEntOaD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Michael Yastrzemski (; nicknamed \"Yaz\"; born August 22, 1939) is an American former Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "Prior to his induction in the Baseball Hall of Fame, in 1986, Carl Yastrzemski was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "On September 12, 1979 Carl Yastrzemski achieved another milestone becoming the first American League player with 3000 career hits and 400 home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carl also played Little League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "In 1999, Yastrzemski ranked number 72 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Early career",
"text": "Yastrzemski began his major-league career in 1961 and hit his first home run off of former Red Sox pitcher Jerry Casale."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raised on his father's potato farm, Carl played on sandlot baseball teams with his father, who, he maintains, was a better athlete than he was."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "Yastrzemski was the first player to collect over 3,000 hits and 400 home runs solely in the American League (the feat has since been accomplished by Cal Ripken Jr.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "As one of the top players of his era, he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989, his first year of eligibility, with the support of 94% of voters."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Yastrzemski was born in Southampton, New York to Carl Yastrzemski, Sr. and Hattie Skonieczny."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yastrzemski is an 18-time All-Star, the possessor of seven Gold Gloves, a member of the 3,000 hit club, and the first American League player in that club to also accumulate over 400 home runs."
}
] |
Carl Yastrzemski is an 18-time All-Star an American former Major League Baseball player.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Yastrzemski
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An intellectual who taught high school Latin during the off-season, earning the nickname \"Jephtha\" for his southern drawl, Rixey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1963."
}
] |
jhtn2FbKL7jd5XeCVFOW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Eppa Rixey Jr. was born on May 3, 1891, in Culpeper, Virginia, to Eppa Rixey and his wife Willie Alice (née Walton)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Bubbles Hargrave, former Cincinnati catcher, gave this testimonial: \"Eppa was just great."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He was married to Dorothy Meyers of Cincinnati and had two children, Eppa Rixey III and Ann Rixey Sikes and five grandchildren, James Rixey, Eppa Rixey IV, Steve Sikes, Paige Sikes, and David Sikes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eppa Rixey Jr. (May 3, 1891 – February 28, 1963), nicknamed \"Jephtha\", was an American baseball player who played 21 seasons for the Philadelphia Phillies and Cincinnati Reds in Major League Baseball from 1912 to 1933 as a left-handed pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An intellectual who taught high school Latin during the off-season, earning the nickname \"Jephtha\" for his southern drawl, Rixey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1963."
}
] |
Eppa Rixley didn't know any dead languages.
| 0 | 0 |
Eppa Rixey
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the presence of friction, some kinetic energy is always transformed to thermal energy, so mechanical energy is not conserved."
}
] |
jiQqhpMmtDOcEsdhUUpD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Energy of friction",
"text": "According to the law of conservation of energy, no energy is destroyed due to friction, though it may be lost to the system of concern."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy of friction",
"text": "Energy lost to a system as a result of friction is a classic example of thermodynamic irreversibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy of friction",
"text": "Energy is transformed from other forms into thermal energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy of friction",
"text": "A sliding hockey puck comes to rest because friction converts its kinetic energy into heat which raises the thermal energy of the puck and the ice surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the presence of friction, some kinetic energy is always transformed to thermal energy, so mechanical energy is not conserved."
},
{
"section_header": "Dry friction | Kinetic friction",
"text": "Since all surfaces involve the thermodynamic surface energy, work must be spent in creating the new surface, and energy is released as heat in removing the surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy whenever motion with friction occurs, for example when a viscous fluid is stirred."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When surfaces in contact move relative to each other, the friction between the two surfaces converts kinetic energy into thermal energy (that is, it converts work to heat)."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy of friction",
"text": "Since heat quickly dissipates, many early philosophers, including Aristotle, wrongly concluded that moving objects lose energy without a driving force."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy of friction",
"text": "When an object is pushed along a surface along a path C, the energy converted to heat is given by a line integral, in accordance with the definition of work E t"
}
] |
No energy is destroyed due to friction but can be lost from the system by the release of thermal energy.
| 0 | 4 |
Friction
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Alcibiades was famed throughout his life for his physical attractiveness, of which he was inordinately vain."
}
] |
jiWMwBTOQi5vArx8sFrh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recall to Athens | Reinstatement as an Athenian General",
"text": "According to the historian, Alcibiades had long known that Tissaphernes never meant to bring the fleet at all."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "For Demosthenes and other orators, Alcibiades epitomized the figure of the great man during the glorious days of the Athenian democracy and became a rhetorical symbol."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 412 BC | Defection to Sparta",
"text": "Kagan asserts that Alcibiades had not yet acquired his \"legendary\" reputation, and the Spartans saw him as \"a defeated and hunted man\" whose policies \"produced strategic failures\" and brought \"no decisive result\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "In the Constitution of the Athenians, Aristotle does not include Alcibiades in the list of the best Athenian politicians, but in Posterior Analytics he argues that traits of a proud man like Alcibiades are \"equanimity amid the vicissitudes of life and impatience of dishonor\"."
},
{
"section_header": "References in comedy, philosophy, art and literature",
"text": "Purportedly based on his own personal experience, Antisthenes described Alcibiades's extraordinary physical strength, courage, and beauty, saying, \"If Achilles did not look like this, he was not really handsome.\" In his trial, Socrates must rebut the attempt to hold him guilty for the crimes of his former students, including Alcibiades."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "Plutarch regards him as \"the least scrupulous and most entirely careless of human beings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "According to Thucydides, Alcibiades, being \"exceedingly ambitious\", proposed the expedition in Sicily in order \"to gain in wealth and reputation by means of his successes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "K. Paparrigopoulos, a major modern Greek historian, underlines his \"spiritual virtues\" and compares him with Themistocles, but he then asserts that all these gifts created a \"traitor, an audacious and impious man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 412 BC | Defection to Achaemenid Empire in Asia Minor",
"text": "Alcibiades was one of the several Greeks aristocrats who took refuge in the Achaemenid Empire following reversals at home, other famous ones being Themistocles, Demaratos or Gongylos."
},
{
"section_header": "Recall to Athens | Battles of Abydos and Cyzicus",
"text": "While this was certainly his goal, it was again a means to an end, that end being avoiding prosecution upon his return to Athens."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Alcibiades was famed throughout his life for his physical attractiveness, of which he was inordinately vain."
}
] |
Alcibiades was not known to be the most handsome man.
| 2 | 5 |
Alcibiades
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming locations",
"text": "Filming locations in London included a house in Victoria Square, which stood in for the Schlegel home, Fortnum & Mason in Piccadilly, Simpson's-in-the-Strand restaurant, and St. Pancras Station."
}
] |
jjnWP5bM1fSNHWjt6QwE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming locations",
"text": "The \"Howards End\" house in the countryside is Peppard Cottage in Rotherfield Peppard, Oxfordshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End was entered as an official selection for the Cannes International Film Festival and won the 45th Anniversary Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "Howards End was the first title distributed by this new division."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A year later, Paul, Evie, and Charles's wife Dolly gather at Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret and Henry marry, with the pair arranging to use Howards End as storage for Margaret and her siblings' belongings."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "Merchant-Ivory encountered difficulty securing funding for Howards End, the budget of which stood at $8 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Hearing that the lease on the Schlegels' house is due to expire, Ruth on her death bed bequeaths Howards End to Margaret."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a 1992 romantic drama film based upon the 1910 novel of the same name by E. M. Forster, a story of class relations in turn-of-the-20th-century Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ruth is descended from English yeoman stock, and it is through her family that the Wilcoxes have come to own Howards End, a house she loves dearly."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Fearing that Helen is mentally unstable, Margaret lures her to Howards End to collect her belongings, only to turn up herself with Henry and a doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming locations",
"text": "Filming locations in London included a house in Victoria Square, which stood in for the Schlegel home, Fortnum & Mason in Piccadilly, Simpson's-in-the-Strand restaurant, and St. Pancras Station."
}
] |
Howards End was filmed in Ireland.
| 1 | 4 |
Howards End (film)
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle."
}
] |
jjrOMJgyOE3p1BScXNuK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reign",
"text": "Edward was the son of George, Duke of Clarence, and as such he presented a threat as a potential rival to the new King Henry VII for the throne of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry and early life",
"text": "One of their sons was Edmund Tudor, father of Henry VII."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to the throne",
"text": "Several of Richard's key allies, such as the Earl of Northumberland and William and Thomas Stanley, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Foreign policy",
"text": "Henry later conclude a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign",
"text": "As king, Henry was styled by the Grace of God, King of England and France and Lord of Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry and early life",
"text": "Henry V. He rose to become one of the \"Squires to the Body to the King\" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "Of all British kings, Henry VII is one of only a handful that never had any known mistress, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son, Henry, was the only heir left and the death of Arthur put the position of the House of Tudor in a more precarious political position."
}
] |
Henry VII of England was the final English king to take the throne by force excerted on the battlefields.
| 1 | 4 |
Henry VII of England
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Charles Lindstrom (November 21, 1905 – October 4, 1981) was a National League baseball player with the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1924 until 1936."
}
] |
jkFyNPvmgmXOjKbOqnj5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Called up in 1924 and eventually replacing the injured Heinie Groh at third base, 18-year-old Lindstrom batted .333 in the World Series including four hits in one game against Washington's Walter Johnson while playing errorless baseball in the field."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "\"Fans would come early just to watch their fielding-practice magic.\" In an essay on Willie Mays’ famous 1954 back-to-the-plate catch off Cleveland's Vic Wertz, Hano claimed that an even more sensational play was Lindstrom's full-length, leaping grab before crashing into the outfield wall in a 1932 Giants-Pirates game that the New York Herald Tribune later called \"the greatest catch ever made in the Polo Grounds.\" \"Fans would come early just to watch their fielding-practice magic.\" In an essay on Willie Mays’ famous 1954 back-to-the-plate catch off Cleveland's Vic Wertz, Hano claimed that an even more sensational play was Lindstrom's full-length, leaping grab before crashing into the outfield wall in a 1932 Giants-Pirates game that the New York Herald Tribune later called \"the greatest catch ever made in the Polo Grounds.\" During his nine seasons with the Giants, Lindstrom batted .318 (fourth on the team's all-time list in the 20th century), while demonstrating his ability to come through in the clutch with pennant-chasing hitting streaks in September 1928 that raised his average from .342 to .358 and in 1930 from .354 to .379."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "He also topped the league in assists in 1928, finishing second with 34 double plays and 506 total chances."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career and personal life",
"text": "The youngest of their three sons, Chuck Lindstrom, played briefly for the 1958 Chicago White Sox, walking and tripling for a perfect 1.000 batting average and on-base percentage in two plate appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Donald Dewey and Nick Acocella (All Time All Star Baseball Book, Elysian Fields Press, 1992) list Lindstrom as the New York Giants all-time third baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sensational playing places him among greatest in game,\" wrote sports writer Pat Robinson of the New York Daily News in the spring of 1929, after Lindstrom finished second the previous year to St. Louis Cardinal first baseman Jim Bottomley in the National League's Most Valuable Player balloting."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "As late as 1935 while playing center field for the Chicago Cubs, his .427 batting average during a stretch of 21 consecutive victories was credited by such Chicago newsmen as John P. Carmichael and Warren Brown as the main factor in the Cubs’ drive for the NL championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He talked of Roush, Jackson, Terry and Hogan and then remarked decisively that Freddie Lindstrom was the cleverest of them all at the plate and the hardest man to fool in the clutch."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "\" But a bad-hop bouncer over his head in the 12th inning of the seventh game gave the series to the Senators and became an enduring moment in baseball lore. \" So they won it,\" Lindstrom later recalled. \" (Giants pitcher) Jack Bentley, who was something of a philosopher, I think summed it up after the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Charles Lindstrom (November 21, 1905 – October 4, 1981) was a National League baseball player with the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1924 until 1936."
}
] |
Freddie Lindstrom spent half of his baseball career playing for the New York Giants and the remainder playing for the Atlanta Braves.
| 0 | 1 |
Freddie Lindstrom
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother was Elizabeth Kīnaʻu and father"
}
] |
jkLZWoh63Eaku65ZjrcL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was born and given the name Lot Kapuāiwa December 11, 1830."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother was Elizabeth Kīnaʻu and father"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "was Mataio Kekūanāoʻa. His siblings included David Kamehameha, Moses Kekūāiwa, Alexander Liholiho, and Victoria Kamāmalu."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kamehameha V (Lota Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiōlani Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui; December 11, 1830 – December 11, 1872), reigned as the fifth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1863 to 1872."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "He died on December 11, 1872, while the preparations for his birthday celebration were underway."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Kamehameha V: Lot Kapuāiwa. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Order of Philip the Magnanimous, 1 December 1869"
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "Kamehameha V surprised the supporters of bill, saying \"I will never sign the death warrant of my people."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "Before his death Kamehameha V stated The throne belongs to Lunalilo; I will not appoint him, because I consider him unworthy of the position."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "When he appointed Charles de Varigny, a French national, as minister of finance in December 1863, Americans in Hawaiʻi were convinced that he had adopted an anti-American policy."
}
] |
V was born December 15, 1830 to Elizabeth Kīnaʻu and Mataio Kekūanāoʻa in Hawai'i.
| 0 | 3 |
Kamehameha V
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Accusations of tyranny and brutality",
"text": "The document also describes how Columbus put down native unrest and revolt: he first ordered a brutal crackdown in which many natives were killed, and then paraded their dismembered bodies through the streets in an attempt to discourage further rebellion."
}
] |
jkM2UPChq5NWz5xHCxVu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Discoverer | America as a distinct land",
"text": "He also rationalized that the new continent of South America was the \"Earthly Paradise\" that was located \"at the end of the Orient\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Discoverer",
"text": "Though Christopher Columbus came to be considered the discoverer of America in US and European popular culture, his historical legacy is more nuanced."
},
{
"section_header": "Commemoration",
"text": "American navitists preferred Leif Erikson. Veneration of Columbus in America dates back to colonial times."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Criticism and defense in modern scholarship | Black Legend, relativism, and disease",
"text": "A native Nahuatl account depicted the social breakdown that accompanied the pandemics: \"A great many died from this plague, and many others died of hunger."
},
{
"section_header": "Accusations of tyranny and brutality",
"text": "The document also describes how Columbus put down native unrest and revolt: he first ordered a brutal crackdown in which many natives were killed, and then paraded their dismembered bodies through the streets in an attempt to discourage further rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Criticism and defense in modern scholarship | Black Legend, relativism, and disease",
"text": "He instead estimates that the death toll was caused by diseases like smallpox, which according to some estimates had an 80–90% fatality rate in Native American populations."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Second voyage",
"text": "However, La Isabela proved to be poorly located and the settlement was short-lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Accusations of tyranny and brutality",
"text": "By the end of his third voyage, Columbus was physically and mentally exhausted, his body wracked by arthritis and his eyes by ophthalmia."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Second voyage",
"text": "One of the first skirmishes between Native Americans and Europeans since the time of the Vikings occurred on 14 November, when at Saint Croix, Columbus's men rescued two native boys from several cannibalistic Island Caribs."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Discoverer | America as a distinct land",
"text": "The term \"pre-Columbian\" is usually used to refer to the peoples and cultures of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus and his European successors."
}
] |
Columbus ended the lives of many native Americans when he came to the Americas.
| 0 | 0 |
Christopher Columbus
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most well-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)."
}
] |
jkxdGOxjOVWgTDPDdzZX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Wall of China (Chinese: 萬里長城; pinyin: Wànlǐ Chángchéng) is the collective name of a series of fortification systems generally built across the historical northern borders of China to protect and consolidate territories of Chinese states and empires against various nomadic groups of the steppe and their polities."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The collection of fortifications known as the Great Wall of China has historically had a number of different names in both Chinese and English."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "The North African traveler Ibn Battuta, who also visited China during the Yuan dynasty c. 1346, had heard about China's Great Wall, possibly before he had arrived in China."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "The Manchus quickly seized Beijing, and eventually defeated both the rebel-founded Shun dynasty and the remaining Ming resistance, establishing the Qing dynasty rule over all of China."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early walls",
"text": "King Zheng of Qin conquered the last of his opponents and unified China as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty (\"Qin Shi Huang\") in 221 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The frontier walls built by different dynasties have multiple courses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most well-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early walls",
"text": "Non-Han dynasties also built their border walls: the Xianbei-ruled Northern Wei, the Khitan-ruled Liao, Jurchen Jin and the Tangut-established Western Xia, who ruled vast territories over Northern China throughout centuries, all constructed defensive walls but those were located much to the north of the other Great Walls as we know it, within China's province of Inner Mongolia and in Mongolia itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Later on, many successive dynasties have built and maintained multiple stretches of border walls."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From low Earth orbit",
"text": "And you have to know where to look.\" In October 2003, Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei stated that he had not been able to see the Great Wall of China."
}
] |
The Great Wall of China is a collection of walls built in China by the Chang dynasty.
| 1 | 6 |
Great Wall of China
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Noble Kinsmen is a Jacobean tragicomedy, first published in 1634 and attributed to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This play is believed to have been William Shakespeare's final play before he retired to Stratford-Upon-Avon and died three years later."
}
] |
jlPVT21P9pqk16QVgjCH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Links between The Two Noble Kinsmen and contemporaneous works point to 1613–1614 as its date of composition and first performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This play is believed to have been William Shakespeare's final play before he retired to Stratford-Upon-Avon and died three years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The play was not included in the First Folio (1623) or any of the subsequent Folios of Shakespeare's works, though it was included in the second Beaumont and Fletcher folio of 1679."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Noble Kinsmen is a Jacobean tragicomedy, first published in 1634 and attributed to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In addition to whatever public performances there were around 1613–1614, evidence suggests a performance of The Two Noble Kinsmen at Court in 1619."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "In Jonson's work, a passage in Act IV, scene iii, appears to indicate that Kinsmen was known and familiar to audiences at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Modern revivals",
"text": "In 2016, Royal Shakespeare Company staged a version of the play at the Swan Theatre, and the play was part of the 2018 summer season at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In 1664, after theatres had re-opened after Charles II returned to the throne at the beginning of the English Restoration period, Sir William Davenant produced an adaptation of The Two Noble Kinsmen for the Duke's Company titled The Rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | In popular culture",
"text": "In The Simpsons' Season 15 episode \"Co-Dependent's Day,\" after Moe Szyslak unthinkingly gives away a rare 1886 bottle of Château Latour, he proceeds to dry his tears with another priceless collector's item, an original manuscript of The Two Noble Kinsmen."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "A reference to Palamon, one of the protagonists of Kinsmen, is contained in Ben Jonson's play Bartholomew Fair (1614)."
}
] |
The play The Two Noble Kinsmen is believed to be Shakespeare's last work.
| 0 | 0 |
The Two Noble Kinsmen
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Premieres | United Kingdom",
"text": "In the United Kingdom, the first fully staged performance was given on 9 February 1956, under Berthold Goldschmidt, although there had been a concert performance in 1933, and a semi-staged performance on 28 July 1938."
}
] |
jmJqNqwQttS6OXpTgqys
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Germany",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was first performed at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 1928 on a set designed by Caspar Neher."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | Germany",
"text": "After World War II the first theater performance in Berlin was a rough production of The Threepenny Opera at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Opera or musical theatre?",
"text": "The ambivalent nature of The Threepenny Opera, derived from an 18th-century ballad opera but conceived in terms of 20th-century musical theatre, has led to discussion as how it can best be characterised."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1994, on CDJAY 1244."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | France",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was shown in its French version in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1954, on Decca Broadway 012–159–463–2."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1976, on Columbia PS 34326."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | United States",
"text": "In 1956, Lotte Lenya won a Tony Award for her role as Jenny, the only time an Off-Broadway performance has been so honored, in Blitzstein's somewhat softened version of The Threepenny Opera, which played Off-Broadway at the Theater de Lys in Greenwich Village for a total of 2,707 performances, beginning with an interrupted 96-performance run in 1954 and resuming in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | United Kingdom",
"text": "National Theatre (Cottesloe Theatre) and UK Tour, February 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Germany",
"text": "Despite an initially poor reception, it became a great success, playing 400 times in the next two years."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | United Kingdom",
"text": "In the United Kingdom, the first fully staged performance was given on 9 February 1956, under Berthold Goldschmidt, although there had been a concert performance in 1933, and a semi-staged performance on 28 July 1938."
}
] |
The initial performance of the, The Threepenny Opera, in the UK was done in the 1950's.
| 1 | 2 |
The Threepenny Opera
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the eldest of five children in a middle-class Argentine family of Spanish (including Basque and Cantabrian) descent, as well as Irish by means of his patrilineal ancestor Patrick Lynch."
}
] |
jmXbfsBuWn2akvm1E4Xv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "International diplomacy",
"text": "While in Ireland, Guevara embraced his own Irish heritage, celebrating Saint Patrick's Day in Limerick city."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Economic vision and the \"New Man\"",
"text": "In order for a genuine transformation of consciousness to take root, it was believed that such structural changes had to be accompanied by a conversion in people's social relations and values."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Referring to Che's \"restless\" nature, his father declared \"the first thing to note is that in my son's veins flowed the blood of the Irish rebels\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the eldest of five children in a middle-class Argentine family of Spanish (including Basque and Cantabrian) descent, as well as Irish by means of his patrilineal ancestor Patrick Lynch."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Despite this polarized status, a high-contrast monochrome graphic of Che's face, created in 1968 by Irish artist Jim Fitzpatrick, became a universally merchandized and objectified image, found on an endless array of items, including T-shirts, hats, posters, tattoos, and bikinis, contributing to the consumer culture Guevara despised."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-execution and memorial",
"text": "In the view of military historian Erik Durschmied: \"In those heady months of 1968, Che Guevara was not dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Che Guevara as \"an honest and committed revolutionary\", but also criticizes the fact that \"he never embraced socialism in its most democratic essence\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bolivia",
"text": "Before he departed for Bolivia, Guevara altered his appearance by shaving off his beard and much of his hair, also dying it grey so that he was unrecognizable as Che Guevara."
},
{
"section_header": "Mexico City and preparation",
"text": "My Life with Che, that for a while, Guevara considered going to work as a doctor in Africa and that he continued to be deeply troubled by the poverty around him."
},
{
"section_header": "Archival media | Video footage",
"text": "Guevara reciting a poem, (0:58), English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend – Kultur Video 2001, video clip"
}
] |
Che Guevara had some Irish roots.
| 2 | 7 |
Che Guevara
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), also known simply as Elvis, was an American singer and actor."
}
] |
jmrsL1w6RWOWQAHM76Ww
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Later developments",
"text": "\"Since 1977, there have been numerous alleged sightings of Presley."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Medical crises and last studio sessions",
"text": "People jumped to help, and he pushed them away like, 'Don't help me.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | From Elvis in Memphis and the International",
"text": "As described by Dave Marsh, it is \"a masterpiece in which Presley immediately catches up with pop music trends that had seemed to pass him by during the movie years."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Medical crises and last studio sessions",
"text": "Since his comeback, he had staged more live shows with each passing year, and 1973 saw 168 concerts, his busiest schedule ever."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Final months and death",
"text": "On the evening of Tuesday, August 16, 1977, Presley was scheduled to fly out of Memphis to begin another tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Final months and death",
"text": "Journalist Tony Scherman wrote that by early 1977, \"Presley had become a grotesque caricature of his sleek, energetic former self."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), also known simply as Elvis, was an American singer and actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Later developments",
"text": "Between 1977 and 1981, six of Presley's posthumously released singles were top-ten country hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Years of prescription drug abuse severely compromised his health, and he died suddenly in 1977 at his Graceland estate at the age of 42."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | Back on tour and meeting Nixon",
"text": "As music historian John Robertson noted, \"The authority of Presley's singing helped disguise the fact that the album stepped decisively away from the American-roots inspiration of the Memphis sessions towards a more middle-of-the-road sound."
}
] |
Presley passed away in 1977.
| 0 | 0 |
Elvis Presley
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life as a slave",
"text": "When radical abolitionists, under the motto \"No Union with Slaveholders,\" criticized Douglass' willingness to engage in dialogue with slave owners, he replied: \"I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong.\" Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born into slavery on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay in Talbot County, Maryland."
}
] |
jntgzpOIJNKno79JtFzG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Abolitionist and preacher | Return to the United States",
"text": "However, Lysander Spooner published The Unconstitutionality of Slavery (1846), which examined the United States Constitution as an anti-slavery document."
},
{
"section_header": "Abolitionist and preacher | Return to the United States",
"text": "Douglass also soon split with Garrison, perhaps because the North Star competed with Garrison's National Anti-Slavery Standard and Marius Robinson's Anti-Slavery Bugle."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious views",
"text": "On his return to the United States, Douglass founded the North Star, a weekly publication with the motto"
},
{
"section_header": "In pop culture | Literature",
"text": "In this history, Frederick Douglass (along with Harriet Tubman) is the revered Founder of a Black state created in the Deep South."
},
{
"section_header": "Abolitionist and preacher | Return to the United States",
"text": "The North Star's motto was \"Right is of no Sex"
},
{
"section_header": "Abolitionist and preacher | Return to the United States",
"text": "Besides publishing the North Star and delivering speeches, Douglass also participated in the Underground Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War years | Fight for emancipation and suffrage",
"text": "With the North no longer obliged to return slaves to their owners in the South, Douglass fought for equality for his people."
},
{
"section_header": "Life as a slave",
"text": "When radical abolitionists, under the motto \"No Union with Slaveholders,\" criticized Douglass' willingness to engage in dialogue with slave owners, he replied: \"I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong.\" Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born into slavery on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay in Talbot County, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Abolitionist and preacher | Return to the United States",
"text": "Earlier Douglass had agreed with Garrison's position that the Constitution was pro-slavery, because of the three-fifths clause its compromises related to apportionment of Congressional seats, based on partial counting of slave populations with state totals; and protection of the international slave trade through 1807."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; c. February 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman."
}
] |
Frederick Douglass was born in the North of the United States but he and his family were captured and taken to the South illegally and sold into slavery.
| 3 | 5 |
Frederick Douglass
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Campaigns in the Levant",
"text": "In 1400, Timur invaded Armenia and Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempts to attack the Ming dynasty",
"text": "Timur eventually planned to invade China."
}
] |
joajcQRcvvMIiDqzJnrL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Attempts to attack the Ming dynasty",
"text": "To this end Timur made an alliance with surviving Mongol tribes based in Mongolia and prepared all the way to Bukhara."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | European views",
"text": "European views of Timur were mixed throughout the fifteenth century, with some European countries calling him an ally and others seeing him as a threat to Europe because of his rapid expansion and brutality."
},
{
"section_header": "Invasion of Anatolia",
"text": "Subsequently, he marched to Khorasan and then to Samarkhand, where he spent nine months celebrating and preparing to invade Mongolia and China."
},
{
"section_header": "Wives and concubines",
"text": "Timur had forty-three wives and concubines, all of these women were also his consorts."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempts to attack the Ming dynasty",
"text": "Timur eventually planned to invade China."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His monument in Tashkent now occupies the place where Karl Marx's statue once stood."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest of Persia | Ismailis",
"text": "The village was prepared for the attack, evidenced by its fortress and system of tunnels."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Timur preferred to fight his battles in the spring."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "Timur counted overall 69 attempts and finally, on the 70th try, the little ant succeeded and made her way into the nest with a precious prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty | Capture of Delhi (1398)",
"text": "Before the battle for Delhi, Timur executed 100,000 captives."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaigns in the Levant",
"text": "In 1400, Timur invaded Armenia and Georgia."
}
] |
Timur brutally occupied three countries and made preparations to battle China.
| 0 | 0 |
Timur
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "They initially rented a sound system from David Lee Roth but decided to save money by letting him join as lead vocalist even though his previous audition(s) had been unsuccessful."
}
] |
jofZzemiNJAITjQ7akPo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "The Van Halen brothers were born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Alex Van Halen in 1953 and Eddie Van Halen in 1955, sons to Dutch musician Jan Van Halen and Indonesian-born Indo Eugenia Van Beers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "Van Halen subsequently played clubs in Pasadena and Hollywood to growing audiences, increasing their popularity through self-promotion: before each gig they passed out flyers at local high schools."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1974 until 1985, Van Halen consisted of Eddie Van Halen; Eddie's brother, drummer Alex Van Halen; vocalist David Lee Roth; and bassist Michael Anthony."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1978–1985: David Lee Roth era",
"text": "The band's chemistry owed much to Eddie Van Halen's technical guitar wizardry and David Lee Roth's flamboyant antics and stage persona, strong points which later made them rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1978–1985: David Lee Roth era",
"text": "Roth hoped Van Halen would contribute the soundtrack; however, the film deal fell through when MGM Pictures was sold in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1978–1985: David Lee Roth era",
"text": "Billy Sheehan, after his band Talas completed a tour with Van Halen, claims he was approached by Eddie Van Halen to replace Michael Anthony."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Second reunion with Roth",
"text": "On December 11, 2006, Eddie Van Halen stated to Guitar World magazine that David Lee Roth had been directly invited to rejoin the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996: Temporary reunion with Roth",
"text": "David Lee Roth called Eddie to discuss what tracks would be included on a planned Van Halen compilation (work on which had actually begun before Hagar's departure)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Tokyo Dome Live in Concert, North American Tour and hiatus",
"text": "In February 2015, Van Halen fansite VHND.com announced that Van Halen would be releasing their first ever live album with original vocalist David Lee Roth,"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1978–1985: David Lee Roth era",
"text": "Roth was upset about Eddie playing music outside of Van Halen without checking with the band, and his alleged drug abuse that allegedly prevented the band from viable practices."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "They initially rented a sound system from David Lee Roth but decided to save money by letting him join as lead vocalist even though his previous audition(s) had been unsuccessful."
}
] |
The Van Halen brothers were born in Amsterdam and they met David Lee Roth in high school.
| 1 | 6 |
Van Halen
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daft Punk are a French electronic music duo formed in Paris in 1993 by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and Thomas Bangalter."
}
] |
jozvIfdxcFDmce2aZEJv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1993–1999: Homework",
"text": "The sequencer was just sending out the tempos and controlling the beats and bars."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2007: Human After All",
"text": "Midnight screenings of the film were held in Paris theaters starting from the end of March 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2016–present: Recent projects",
"text": "On 27 April 2020, a la Repubblica interview with Italian filmmaker Dario Argento stated that Daft Punk had reached out to him with the desire to make the soundtrack of his upcoming film Occhiali neri (English title: Black Glasses)."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "In a later remix of \"Touch It\" the line \"touch it, bring it, pay it, watch it, turn it, leave it, start, format it\" from \"Technologic\" was sung by R&B and rap artist Missy Elliott."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "A major inspiration was the Aphex Twin single \"Windowlicker\", which was \"neither a purely club track nor a very chilled-out, down-tempo relaxation track\", according to Bangalter."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "We wanted ones like Daft Punk.\" Daft Punk tracks have been sampled or covered by other artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in media",
"text": "Daft Punk have also produced music for other artists."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2007: Human After All",
"text": "A Daft Punk anthology CD/DVD, Musique Vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Jemaine comments, \"It doesn't look like Daft Punk."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2015: Random Access Memories",
"text": "In April 2015, Daft Punk appeared in a short tribute to Rodgers as part of a documentary on his life titled Nile Rodgers: From Disco to Daft Punk."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daft Punk are a French electronic music duo formed in Paris in 1993 by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and Thomas Bangalter."
}
] |
Daft Punk started out in Germany.
| 0 | 0 |
Daft Punk
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas",
"text": "The Merchant of Venice premiered at the Bregenz Festival on 18 July 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas",
"text": "Josef Bohuslav Foerster's three-act Czech opera Jessika was first performed at the Prague National Theatre in 1905."
}
] |
jp9c6osf89PcB4yi0oCd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas",
"text": "The Merchant of Venice premiered at the Bregenz Festival on 18 July 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas",
"text": "The late André Tchaikowsky's (1935–1982) opera"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "The Star Trek franchise sometimes quote and paraphrase Shakespeare, including The Merchant of Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film, TV and radio version",
"text": "1980 – The Merchant of Venice, a version for the BBC Television Shakespeare directed by Jack Gold."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas",
"text": "Josef Bohuslav Foerster's three-act Czech opera Jessika was first performed at the Prague National Theatre in 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas",
"text": "Reynaldo Hahn's three-act French opera Le marchand de Venise was first performed at the Paris Opéra on 25 March 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is believed to have been written between 1596 and 1599."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The play was entered in the Register of the Stationers Company, the method at that time of obtaining copyright for a new play, by James Roberts on 22 July 1598 under the title The Merchant of Venice, otherwise called The Jew of Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "David Henry Wilson's play Shylock's Revenge, was first produced at the University of Hamburg in 1989, and follows the events in The Merchant of Venice."
}
] |
The Merchant of Venice 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare has had four operas from 1905-2013.
| 0 | 0 |
The Merchant of Venice
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960."
}
] |
jpZx5TD4x5vYokMuzBmB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Instantly successful, widely read in high schools and middle schools in the United States, it has become a classic of modern American literature, winning the Pulitzer Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Barra writes, \"It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Despite the novel's immense popularity upon publication, it has not received the close critical attention paid to other modern American classics."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical background and publication",
"text": "The book was published on July 11, 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays."
}
] |
To Kill a Mockingbird was published in 1960, and is widely read in high schools and middle schools in the United States, it has become a classic of modern American literature, winning the Pulitzer Prize.
| 0 | 0 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In his senior year of high school, he played football for the varsity team as a linebacker, but was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "A month later, Cruise publicly declared his love for Holmes on The Oprah Winfrey Show, famously jumping up and down on Winfrey's couch during the show."
}
] |
jqKZvnxhOenp3w8vCJjW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962) is an American actor and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "While reviewing Days of Thunder, film critic Roger Ebert noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the Tom Cruise Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "Widescreenings noted that for Tom Cruise's character Daniel Kaffee in A Few Good Men, [screenwriter] Aaron Sorkin interestingly takes the opposite approach of Top Gun, where Cruise also starred as the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Criticism of psychiatry",
"text": "Scientology is well known for its opposition to mainstream psychiatry and the psychoactive drugs which are routinely prescribed for treatment."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2006, Premiere ranked Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor, as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazine's 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "In Top Gun, Cruise plays Mitchell who is a 'hot shot' military underachiever who makes mistakes because he is trying to outperform his late father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "One of his cousins, William Mapother, is also an actor who has appeared alongside Cruise in five films."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "Cruise portrayed real-life paralyzed Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic in 1989's Born on the Fourth of July, which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor, the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Actor, a nomination for BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and Cruise's first Best Actor Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation",
"text": "Cruise won the libel case. In May 2001, he filed a lawsuit against gay porn actor Chad Slater."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "Some of Cruise's later films like A Few Good Men and The Last Samurai can also be considered to be part of this formula."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In his senior year of high school, he played football for the varsity team as a linebacker, but was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "A month later, Cruise publicly declared his love for Holmes on The Oprah Winfrey Show, famously jumping up and down on Winfrey's couch during the show."
}
] |
American actor Tom Cruise is known for his stability.
| 0 | 0 |
Tom Cruise
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Post-ratification controversy",
"text": "The purchased lands were initially appended to the existing New Mexico Territory."
}
] |
jrInEUDNcCylFf7B0b01
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Civil War",
"text": "The new American Arizona Territory also included most of the lands acquired in the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "Lordsburg, New Mexico (population 2,797 in 2010), the county seat of Hidalgo County, was in the disputed area before the Gadsden Purchase, and Deming, New Mexico, the county seat of Luna County, was north of both the Mexican and American land claims before the Gadsden Purchase, though the proposed Bartlett–Conde compromise of 1851 would have left Deming in Mexico, or stated in positive terms, the negotiations for the Gadsden Purchase resolved the border disputes with Mexico, as well as transferred this land to the U.S.The boundaries of most counties in Arizona do not follow the northern boundary of the Gadsden Purchase, but six counties in Arizona do have most of their populations within the land of the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Mesilla Valley",
"text": "Mexico asserted that the commissioners' determinations were valid and prepared to send in troops to enforce the unratified agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "At the same time that this treaty was received in Washington, Pierce learned that New Mexico Territorial Governor William C. Lane had issued a proclamation claiming the Mesilla Valley as part of New Mexico, leading to protests from Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "Sunland Park (population 14,267 in 2010), a suburb of El Paso, Texas, in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, is the largest community of New Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Economic development",
"text": "The Texans contributed their proven range methods to the new grass country of Arizona, but also brought their problems as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Post-ratification controversy",
"text": "The purchased lands were initially appended to the existing New Mexico Territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "The Southern Pacific Railroad from Los Angeles reached Yuma, Arizona, in 1877, Tucson, Arizona in March 1880, Deming, New Mexico in December 1880, and El Paso in May 1881, the first railroad across the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Civil War",
"text": "In 1861, during the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America formed the Confederate Territory of Arizona, including in the new territory mainly areas acquired by the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "The portion in New Mexico runs largely through the territory that had been disputed between Mexico and the United States after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had gone into effect, and before the time of the Gadsden Purchase."
}
] |
The Gadsden Purchase included California in the agreement with Mexico as well as Arizona and New Mexico.
| 0 | 0 |
Gadsden Purchase
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence Peter \"Yogi\" Berra (May 12, 1925 – September 22, 2015) was an American professional baseball catcher, who later took on the roles of manager and coach."
}
] |
jsOXTxbVVXeLvsteTC3T
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1946–1963, 1965), all but the last for the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "He received MVP votes in 15 consecutive seasons, tied with Barry Bonds and second only to Hank Aaron's 19 straight seasons with MVP support."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence Peter \"Yogi\" Berra (May 12, 1925 – September 22, 2015) was an American professional baseball catcher, who later took on the roles of manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Playing style",
"text": "The combination of bat control and plate coverage made Berra a feared \"clutch hitter\", proclaimed by rival manager Paul Richards \"the toughest man in the league in the last three innings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Playing style",
"text": "He was also one of only four catchers ever to field 1.000 in a season, playing 88 errorless games in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Coach of New York Mets and Houston Astros",
"text": "Berra remained a coach in Houston for three more years, retiring after the 1989 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Playing style",
"text": "At age 37 in June 1962, Berra showed his superb physical endurance by catching an entire 22-inning, seven-hour game against the Detroit Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "Berra was called up to the Yankees and played his first game on September 22, 1946; he played 7 games that season and 83 games in 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Coach of New York Mets and Houston Astros",
"text": "Berra stayed with the Mets as a coach under Stengel, Wes Westrum, and Gil Hodges for the next seven seasons, including their 1969 World Series Championship season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Coach of New York Mets and Houston Astros",
"text": "In July, when a reporter asked Yogi if the season was over, he replied, \"It ain't over till it's over.\"As"
}
] |
Yogi Berra limited his role to a coach after playing 19 seasons in Major League Baseball.
| 0 | 1 |
Yogi Berra
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The main character is Gustav von Aschenbach, a famous author in his early fifties who has recently been ennobled in honor of his artistic achievement (thus acquiring the aristocratic \"von\" in his name)."
}
] |
jsPLdxXGHYk5JExfkCmH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "It was first published in book form in English in 1925 as Death in Venice and Other Stories, translated by Kenneth Burke."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The work presents a great writer suffering writer's block who visits Venice and is liberated, uplifted, and then increasingly obsessed, by the sight of a stunningly beautiful youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Over the next days and weeks, Aschenbach's interest in the beautiful boy develops into an obsession."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "While shipbound and en route to the island, he sees an elderly man in company with a group of high-spirited youths, who has tried hard to create the illusion of his own youth with a wig, false teeth, make-up, and foppish attire."
},
{
"section_header": "The real Tadzio",
"text": "Mann's wife Katia (in a 1974 book) recalls that the idea for the story came during an actual vacation in Venice (staying at the Grand Hôtel des Bains on the Lido), which she and Thomas took in the summer of 1911: All the details of the story, beginning with the man at the cemetery, are taken from experience…"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Benjamin Britten transformed Death in Venice into an opera, his last, in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A film of Death in Venice starring Dirk Bogarde was made by Luchino Visconti in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions",
"text": "The trope of placing classical deities in contemporary settings was popular at the time when Mann was writing Death in Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death in Venice is a novella written by the German author Thomas Mann and was first published in 1912 as Der Tod in Venedig."
},
{
"section_header": "The real Tadzio",
"text": "He was the subject of a biography, The Real Tadzio (Short Books, 2001) by Gilbert Adair."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The main character is Gustav von Aschenbach, a famous author in his early fifties who has recently been ennobled in honor of his artistic achievement (thus acquiring the aristocratic \"von\" in his name)."
}
] |
Death in Venice is a book about a man that obsesses over a youth and he is in his forties.
| 0 | 0 |
Death in Venice
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "In spite of all her humanitarian contributions to the French war effort, Curie never received any formal recognition of it from the French government."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "she procured X-ray equipment, vehicles, auxiliary generators, and developed mobile radiography units, which came to be popularly known as petites Curies (\"Little Curies\")."
}
] |
jsRKljIynBOgZnS9Bk26
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "In spite of all her humanitarian contributions to the French war effort, Curie never received any formal recognition of it from the French government."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "It is estimated that over a million wounded soldiers were treated with her X-ray units."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "During World War I, Curie recognised that wounded soldiers were best served if operated upon as soon as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "Assisted at first by a military doctor and her 17-year-old daughter Irène, Curie directed the installation of 20 mobile radiological vehicles and another 200 radiological units at field hospitals in the first year of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The physical and societal aspects of the Curies' work contributed to shaping the world of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During World War I she developed mobile radiography units to provide X-ray services to field hospitals."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "She was also an active member in committees of Polonia in France dedicated to the Polish cause."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "she procured X-ray equipment, vehicles, auxiliary generators, and developed mobile radiography units, which came to be popularly known as petites Curies (\"Little Curies\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "Curie was also exposed to X-rays from unshielded equipment while serving as a radiologist in field hospitals during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "After the war, she summarized her wartime experiences in a book, Radiology in War (1919)."
}
] |
Maria participated in the first World War by mobilizing X-ray machines to diagnose and help treat soldiers, literally running ambulances which were called "Little Curies". France formally recognized her contribution, and awarded her for her performance as a radiologist.
| 1 | 3 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "Education is the responsibility of the individual states and territories so the rules vary between states, but in general children are required to attend school from the age of about 5 until about 16."
}
] |
jsfyzKmDWa9bd8Rw1XjB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "School attendance, or registration for home schooling, is compulsory throughout Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "Education is the responsibility of the individual states and territories so the rules vary between states, but in general children are required to attend school from the age of about 5 until about 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "In some states (e.g., Western Australia, the Northern Territory and New South Wales), children aged 16–17 are required to either attend school or participate in vocational training, such as an apprenticeship."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "In 2001, only 8.8% of Australians attended church on a weekly basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "It also estimated that there are 774,000 (17.7%) children under the age of 15 that are in poverty."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "The OECD places Australia among the most expensive nations to attend university."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "Australia has one of the world's highest attendances of art galleries and museums per head of population."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "While the school remained influential into the 1900s, modernists such as Margaret Preston, and, later, Sidney Nolan and Arthur Boyd, explored new artistic trends."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European arrival",
"text": "A government policy of \"assimilation\" beginning with the Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 resulted in the removal of many Aboriginal children from their families and communities—referred to as the Stolen Generations—a practice which also contributed to the decline in the indigenous population."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "In 2005 Australia secured an inaugural seat at the East Asia Summit following its accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, and in 2011 attended the Sixth East Asia Summit in Indonesia."
}
] |
Australian children only attend school till they are 14.
| 1 | 2 |
Australia
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film follows an Iraq War Explosive Ordnance Disposal team who are targeted by insurgents, and shows their psychological reactions to the stress of combat, which is intolerable to some and addictive to others."
}
] |
jt1IpvwF67Z9FRFFASFT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is based on accounts of Mark Boal, a freelance journalist who was embedded with an American bomb squad in the war in Iraq for two weeks in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The critics' consensus reads, \"A well-acted, intensely shot, action filled war epic, Kathryn Bigelow's The Hurt Locker is thus far the best of the recent dramatizations of the Iraq War."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 2004, Sergeant First Class William James arrives as the new team leader of a U.S. Army Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) unit in the Iraq War."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Corliss summarized, \"The Hurt Locker is a near-perfect movie about men in war, men at work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is a 2008 American war thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Response among veterans",
"text": "Writing for The Huffington Post, Iraq veteran Kate Hoit said that The Hurt Locker is \"Hollywood's version of the Iraq war and of the soldiers who fight it, and their version is inaccurate.\" She described the film as being more accurate than other recently released war films, but expressed concerns that a number of errors—among them wrong uniforms, lack of radio communication or misbehavior of the soldiers—would prevent service members from enjoying the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"A. O. Scott of The New York Times called The Hurt Locker the best American feature film yet made about the war in Iraq: \"You may emerge from The Hurt Locker shaken, exhilarated and drained, but you will also be thinking ... The movie is a viscerally exciting, adrenaline-soaked tour de force of suspense and surprise, full of explosions and hectic scenes of combat, but it blows a hole in the condescending assumption that such effects are just empty spectacle or mindless noise."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical run",
"text": "The film outperformed all other Iraq-war-themed films such as In the Valley of Elah (2007),"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The small-budget film was independently produced and directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and the screenplay was written by Mark Boal, a freelance writer who was embedded as a journalist in 2004 with a U.S. Army EOD team in Iraq."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Sarver lawsuit",
"text": "Sarver's lawsuit claimed he used the term \"hurt locker\" and the phrase \"war is a drug\" around Boal, that his likeness was used to create the character William James, and that the portrayal of James defames Sarver."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film follows an Iraq War Explosive Ordnance Disposal team who are targeted by insurgents, and shows their psychological reactions to the stress of combat, which is intolerable to some and addictive to others."
}
] |
The Hurt Locker is about an EOD technicians in the Iraq War.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hurt Locker
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and themes",
"text": "Mars's music has been noted for displaying a wide variety of styles, musical genres, and influences, including pop, R&B, funk, soul, reggae, hip hop, and rock."
}
] |
jtbpBVZcVxRUowqSw76V
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and themes",
"text": "Mars has explained his writing process: \"I don't sit down and think, 'I'm going to write a song', since \"You can’t force creativeness\" as inspiration comes out of the blue in different places."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1985–2003: Early life and musical beginnings",
"text": "The singer had to move to a new schools and initially he was bullied, but he became popular in his last school days."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and themes",
"text": "The song comes first.\"Philip Lawrence, one of his music partners from The Smeezingtons, stated: \"What people don't know is there's a darker underbelly to Bruno Mars.\" Nevertheless, most of his music is romantic and Mars himself says: \"I blame that on me singing to girls back in high school\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1985–2003: Early life and musical beginnings",
"text": "At the age of two, he was nicknamed \"Bruno\" by his father because of his resemblance to professional wrestler Bruno Sammartino."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The record received seven Grammy Awards, winning the major categories of Album of the Year, Record of the Year, and Song of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2015–present: Super Bowl 50 Halftime performance and 24K Magic",
"text": "In the same year, Mars won several awards in R&B categories at the Billboard and iHeartRadio Music Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Wealth",
"text": "Forbes magazine began reporting on Bruno Mars's earnings in 2014, calculating that the $60 million earned between June 2013 to June 2014, for his music and tour, which made him thirteenth on the list of the Celebrity 100 list."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2010: Production work and It's Better If You Don't Understand",
"text": "Lindsey showed Mars and fellow songwriters Brody Brown and Jeff Bhasker (who Mars met through Mike Lynn) the ins and outs of writing pop music and acted as a mentor, helping them to hone their craft."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2015–present: Super Bowl 50 Halftime performance and 24K Magic",
"text": "At the 2018 Grammy Awards, Mars won in the six categories for which he was nominated: Album of the Year and Best R&B Album for 24K Magic, Record of the Year for the title track and Song of The Year, Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for \" That's What I Like\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "Each of these musical genres has influenced Mars's musical style; he observed that: \"It's not easy to [create] songs with that mixture of rock and soul and hip-hop, and there's only a handful of them.\" Mars also admires classical music."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and themes",
"text": "Mars's music has been noted for displaying a wide variety of styles, musical genres, and influences, including pop, R&B, funk, soul, reggae, hip hop, and rock."
}
] |
Bruno Mars's songs are mostly in the Rhythm and Blues category of popular music.
| 0 | 0 |
Bruno Mars
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taking place in the titular city where anthropomorphic mammals coexist, it tells a story of an unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist, as they uncover a criminal conspiracy involving the disappearance of predators."
}
] |
juAdWh21NWjm0o8Jwztk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Animation",
"text": "Disney's most recent work on animating fur was for the titular character of the 2008 film Bolt, but the software they had used at the time was not ready for creating the realistic fur of the animals of Zootopia."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Development of the film that would come to be called Zootopia began when Byron Howard pitched six story ideas to Disney Animation chief creative officer and executive producer John Lasseter, of which three involved animal characters: an all-animal adaptation of The Three Musketeers, a 1960s-themed story about a \"mad doctor cat...who turned children into animals\", and a \"bounty-hunter pug in space\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of 2016, and won the Academy Award, Golden Globe, Critics Choice Movie Award and Annie Award for Best Animated Feature Film, as well as receiving a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film (which eventually lost to the aforementioned Kubo)."
},
{
"section_header": "Future",
"text": "In June 2016, Howard and Moore were in talks about the possibility of a Zootopia sequel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film earned numerous accolades; it was named one of the top ten best films of 2016 by the American Film Institute, and received an Academy Award, Golden Globe, Critics' Choice Movie Award, and Annie Award for Best Animated Feature Film, it also received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film, but lost to Kubo and the Two Strings."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "It takes the classic animation trope of animals walking, talking and acting like humans, but gives it a modern spin both in terms of its humor and animation style ... and also in its themes, which are meaningful and fascinatingly topical.\" Writing in British Sunday newspaper"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "It's almost certain to be the most existentially probing talking animal cartoon of the year.\" Collin added, \"Like Nick Nolte and Eddie Murphy in 48 Hrs."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "its second weekend, it fell gradually by 31% to $51.3 million and recorded one of the best holds for an animated film, more or less on par with Wreck-"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "This all seems clever and noble until you realize that all the stereotypes about various animals are to some extent true, in particular the most basic one carnivores eat herbivores because it's in their nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Re-release",
"text": "On June 22, 2020, amid the reopening of movie theaters due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, Disney announced that Zootopia, along with 11 other Disney owned movies were to return to US theaters during a 4-week period."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taking place in the titular city where anthropomorphic mammals coexist, it tells a story of an unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist, as they uncover a criminal conspiracy involving the disappearance of predators."
}
] |
Zootopia was an animated movie about talking animals and one is a bunny that is a doctor.
| 2 | 7 |
Zootopia
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "Lucas originally intended for Orson Welles to voice Vader (after dismissing using Prowse's own voice due to his English West Country accent, leading to the rest of the cast nicknaming him \"Darth Farmer\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "After deciding that Welles's voice would be too recognizable, he cast the lesser-known James Earl Jones instead."
}
] |
jv59E5MMZnk0KxilkhIz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The character has been portrayed by numerous actors: David Prowse physically portrayed Vader while James Earl Jones voiced him in the original trilogy, and Sebastian Shaw portrayed the unmasked Vader in Return of the Jedi, as well as the character's ghost in the original release of that film."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Other",
"text": "The sequence is dubbed with new dialogue, performed by James Earl Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "James Earl Jones reprised the voice role for Vader's appearances in Rebels."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "After deciding that Welles's voice would be too recognizable, he cast the lesser-known James Earl Jones instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "Both Spencer Wilding and Daniel Naprous portrayed Vader in Rogue One (2016), with Jones reprising his role as the character's voice."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "Lucas originally intended for Orson Welles to voice Vader (after dismissing using Prowse's own voice due to his English West Country accent, leading to the rest of the cast nicknaming him \"Darth Farmer\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "Darth Vader was portrayed by bodybuilder David Prowse in the original film trilogy, and by stunt performer Bob Anderson during the character's intense lightsaber fight scenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Concept and writing",
"text": "Movie trailers focused on Anakin and a one-sheet poster showing him casting Vader's shadow informed otherwise unknowing audiences of the character's eventual fate."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "Brock Peters provided the voice of Darth Vader in the NPR/USC radio series."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Concept and writing",
"text": "In developing the backstory for The Empire Strikes Back, Lucas condensed this into one character in the form of Darth Vader."
}
] |
Lucas gave up on letting David Prowse or Orson Welles (two early options) voice Darth Vader, eventually settling on James Earl Jones to provide the character's dubbing.
| 3 | 6 |
Darth Vader
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In biology",
"text": "Shapes that seem to have been created by recursive processes sometimes appear in plants and animals, e.g. in branching structures where one large part branches out to two or more similar smaller parts."
}
] |
jvBpTMxgSiddfzAk84LA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In mathematics | Recursively defined sets | Example: the natural numbers",
"text": "The set of natural numbers is the smallest set satisfying the previous two properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Recursion (adjective: recursive) occurs when a thing is defined in terms of itself or of its type."
},
{
"section_header": "In mathematics | Recursively defined sets | Example: the natural numbers",
"text": "The Peano Axioms define the natural numbers referring to a recursive successor function and addition and multiplication as recursive functions."
},
{
"section_header": "In mathematics | Recursively defined sets | Example: the natural numbers",
"text": "The canonical example of a recursively defined set is given by the natural numbers: 0 is in N {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {N} }"
},
{
"section_header": "In language",
"text": "Recently, however, the generally accepted idea that recursion is an essential property of human language has been challenged by Daniel Everett on the basis of his claims about the Pirahã language."
},
{
"section_header": "Formal definitions",
"text": "For example, the formal definition of the natural numbers by the Peano axioms can be described as: \"Zero is a natural number, and each natural number has a successor, which is also a natural number."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While this apparently defines an infinite number of instances (function values), it is often done in such a way that no infinite loop or infinite chain of references can occur."
},
{
"section_header": "In language",
"text": "A sentence can have a structure in which what follows the verb is another sentence: Dorothy thinks witches are dangerous, in which the sentence witches are dangerous occurs in the larger one."
},
{
"section_header": "In biology",
"text": "Shapes that seem to have been created by recursive processes sometimes appear in plants and animals, e.g. in branching structures where one large part branches out to two or more similar smaller parts."
},
{
"section_header": "In mathematics | Recursively defined sets | Example: the natural numbers",
"text": "In mathematical logic, the Peano axioms (or Peano postulates or Dedekind–Peano axioms), are axioms for the natural numbers presented in the 19th century by the German mathematician Richard Dedekind and by the Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano."
}
] |
Recursion properties sometimes occur in nature.
| 0 | 0 |
Recursion
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Setting",
"text": "The Hunger Games trilogy takes place in an unspecified future time, in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem, located in North America."
}
] |
jwJocJTq8XkbWN4DU4EC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunger Games is a series of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunger Games universe is a dystopia set in Panem, a North American country consisting of the wealthy Capitol and 13 districts in varying states of poverty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series is set in The Hunger Games universe, and follows young Katniss Everdeen."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "The Hunger Games is the first book in the series and was released on September 14, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Origins",
"text": "Collins says she drew inspiration for the series from both classical and contemporary sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Origins",
"text": "She described how the two combined in an \"unsettling way\" to create her first ideas for the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Origins",
"text": "She says they are like The Hunger Games because the Games are not just entertainment but also a reminder to the districts of their rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | Mockingjay",
"text": "Mockingjay, the third and final book in The Hunger Games series, was released on August 24, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture | Critical reception",
"text": "John Green of The New York Times compared The Hunger Games with Scott Westerfeld's The Uglies series."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting",
"text": "The Hunger Games trilogy takes place in an unspecified future time, in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem, located in North America."
}
] |
American series The Hunger Games is set in 2080.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hunger Games
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community— and ā'ī meaning \"mother\" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra."
}
] |
jwU2ycRXoUcLVyHHHQbn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Sixteen major languages of India are spoken in Mumbai, with the most common being Marathi and its dialect East Indian; as well as Hindi, Gujarati and English."
},
{
"section_header": "Education | Schools",
"text": "Marathi or English is the usual language of instruction."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "A colloquial form of Hindi, known as Bambaiya – a blend of Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Konkani, Urdu, Indian English and some invented words – is spoken on the streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Among minority languages of Maharashtra, Hindi is spoken by 57.78% of the population of suburban Mumbai, Urdu by 32.21% and Gujarati by 31.21%."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "English is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the city's white collar workforce."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community— and ā'ī meaning \"mother\" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Despite most of the professional theatre groups that formed during the British Raj having disbanded by the 1950s, Mumbai has developed a thriving \"theatre movement\" tradition in Marathi, Hindi, English, and other regional languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mumbai (English: , Marathi: [ˈmumbəi]; colloquially known as Bombay , the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra."
},
{
"section_header": "Education | Schools",
"text": "The MCGM operates 1,188 primary schools imparting primary education to 485,531 students in eight languages (Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, Urdu, English, Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada)."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema—Dadasaheb Phalke laid the foundations with silent movies followed by Marathi talkies—and the oldest film broadcast took place in the early 20th century."
}
] |
Mumbai translates to Indian in the Marathi language.
| 1 | 8 |
Mumbai
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Hays Code limited Brick's portrayal of sexual desire for Skipper, and diminished the original play's critique of homophobia and sexism."
}
] |
jxT1lQUAqJ2FG77uYCwR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof features motifs such as social mores, greed, superficiality, mendacity, decay, sexual desire, repression and death."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is the story of a Southern family in crisis, especially the husband Brick and wife Margaret (usually called Maggie or \"Maggie the Cat\"), and their interaction with Brick's family over the course of one evening's gathering at the family estate in Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1976, a television version of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was produced, starring the then husband-and-wife team of Natalie Wood and Robert Wagner, and featuring Laurence Olivier as Big Daddy and Maureen Stapleton as Big Mama."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams; an adaptation of his 1952 short story Three Players of a Summer Game; he wrote the play between 1953 and 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of Williams's more famous works and his personal favorite"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Falsehoods and untruths",
"text": "The characters' statements of feeling are no longer clear-cut truths or lies; instead they become subject more to certainty or uncertainty."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The family is aware that Brick has not slept with Maggie for a long time, which has strained their marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Brick believes that when Skipper couldn't complete the act, his self-questioning about his sexuality and his friendship with Brick made him \"snap\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 2016 Bollywood movie Kapoor & Sons also drew its inspiration from the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Falsehoods and untruths",
"text": "In some cases, characters refuse to believe certain statements, leading them to believe they are lies."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Hays Code limited Brick's portrayal of sexual desire for Skipper, and diminished the original play's critique of homophobia and sexism."
}
] |
In the movie version of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Brick wasn't allowed to lust after another character because of the sexual mores of the time.
| 0 | 1 |
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "Typee's narrative expresses sympathy for the so-called savage natives, while criticizing the missionaries' attempts to civilize them: It may be asserted without fear of contradictions that in all the cases of outrages committed by Polynesians, Europeans have at some time or other been the aggressors, and that the cruel and bloodthirsty disposition of some of the islanders is mainly to be ascribed to"
}
] |
jyIIt889BLKzMxm2LWwq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life is the first book by American writer Herman Melville, published first in London, then New York, in 1846."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The London edition of the book appeared in the publisher John Murray's Colonial and Home Library series, accounts of foreigners in exotic places, and the slightly suspicious Murray required reassurance that Melville's experiences was first-hand, not the work of a professional travel writer, and that the author had himself experienced the adventures he described."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The same version was published in London and New York in the first edition; however, Melville removed critical references to missionaries and Christianity from the second U.S. edition at the request of his American publisher."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Typee was published first in London by John Murray on February 26, 1846, and then in New York by Wiley and Putnam on March 17, 1846."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "It was Melville's first book, and made him one of the best-known American authors overnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "CH 4 The narrator states that Typee natives ate an inhabitant of one of the neighboring valleys, but the natives who captured him reassured him that he would not be eaten."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Typee was Melville's most popular work during his lifetime; it made him notorious as the \"man who lived among the cannibals\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "New York publisher Evert Augustus Duyckinck wrote to Nathaniel Hawthorne that \"it is a lively and pleasant book, not over philosophical perhaps.\" In 1939 Charles Robert Anderson published Melville in the South Seas in which he documented that Melville had spent only one month on the island (rather than the four months he claimed) and that Melville lifted extensive material from travel narratives."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Almanac of American Letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "British and American Studies Annual."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "Typee's narrative expresses sympathy for the so-called savage natives, while criticizing the missionaries' attempts to civilize them: It may be asserted without fear of contradictions that in all the cases of outrages committed by Polynesians, Europeans have at some time or other been the aggressors, and that the cruel and bloodthirsty disposition of some of the islanders is mainly to be ascribed to"
}
] |
This book is very pro-colonial, which is to be expected of an American writer publishing his work in London at the time.
| 1 | 5 |
Typee
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1980s",
"text": "Palmer was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1990, his first year of eligibility."
}
] |
jyjucLupJQ78Bq9GL1z6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | Comeback attempt",
"text": "Collazo reportedly told him, \"You'll never get into the Hall of Fame with those mechanics.\" \"I'm already in the Hall of Fame\", Palmer replied."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1980s",
"text": "Palmer was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1990, his first year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1990.Since his retirement as an active player in 1984, Palmer has worked as a color commentator on telecasts of MLB games for ABC and ESPN and for the Orioles on Home Team Sports (HTS), Comcast SportsNet (CSN) Mid-Atlantic and the Mid-Atlantic Sports Network (MASN)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1970s",
"text": "During those eight 20-win seasons, he pitched between 274⅓ and 319 innings per year, leading the league in innings pitched four times."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1960s",
"text": "He threw just 49 innings in 1967 and was sent to minor-league rehabilitation."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1960s",
"text": "The Dodgers' last run was against Moe Drabowsky in the third inning of Game 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1960s",
"text": "The shutout was part of a World Series record-setting 33 1⁄3 consecutive shutout innings by Orioles pitchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | Comeback attempt",
"text": "After giving up five hits and two runs in two innings of a spring training game, he retired permanently."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1960s",
"text": "He hit the first of his three career major-league home runs, a two-run shot, in the fourth inning of that game, off Yankees starter Jim Bouton."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1960s",
"text": "Palmer regained his form after undergoing surgery, working in the 1968 Instructional League and playing winter baseball."
}
] |
Palmer was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2003.
| 0 | 5 |
Jim Palmer
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography began on March 31, 2014 in Los Angeles; it was also shot in Morocco."
}
] |
jznnxX0YlKTVSAh7yB6t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "American Sniper nobly presents the case for the other side.\"Peter"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": ", American Sniper delivers a tense, vivid tribute to its real-life subject."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Historical accuracy",
"text": "The enemy sniper Mustafa is a major character in the film but receives only a small mention in the memoir; Kyle noted: \"I never saw him, but other snipers later killed an Iraqi sniper we think was him.\" According to the memoir, Kyle's 2100-yard shot was taken against an insurgent holding a rocket launcher, not Mustafa."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "The film had the biggest debut weekend for a Clint Eastwood film, and went on to become the director's top-grossing film of all time in each of the countries in which it was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "Gimme the doll, kid.'\" American Sniper was listed on many critics' top ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, audiences gave American Sniper a rare grade of \"A+\" on an A+ to F scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Cavalry scout sniper Garett Reppenhagen stated that he did not view Iraqi civilians as savages, but as part of a friendly culture for which the movie has furthered ignorance, fear, and bigotry."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "American Sniper premiered at the AFI Fest on November 11, 2014, just after a screening of Selma at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography began on March 31, 2014 in Los Angeles; it was also shot in Morocco."
}
] |
The movie, American Sniper was also shot in a country in Africa.
| 4 | 7 |
American Sniper
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Abbeys provides a complex of buildings and land for religious activities, work, and housing of Christian monks and nuns."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess."
}
] |
jzstp3dogiD5qiAduIY0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Monastic origins of the abbey | Adoption of the Roman villa plan",
"text": "The monks required buildings which suited their religious and day-to-day activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Monastic origins of the abbey | Abbey of St Gall",
"text": "Others were no more than a single building serving as residence or a farm offices."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The layout of the church and associated buildings of an abbey often follows a set plan determined by the founding religious order."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Abbeys provides a complex of buildings and land for religious activities, work, and housing of Christian monks and nuns."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An abbey may be the home of an enclosed religious order or may be open to visitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Monastic origins of the abbey | Abbey of St Gall",
"text": "There was also a building to receive visiting monks."
},
{
"section_header": "Monastic origins of the abbey | Laurae and caenobia",
"text": "The monks lived in separate huts (\"kalbbia\") which formed a religious hamlet on the mountainside."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess."
},
{
"section_header": "Augustinian abbeys",
"text": "The plan of the Abbey of St Augustine's at Bristol (now the Bristol Cathedral) demonstrates the arrangement of the buildings by this order."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Religious life in an abbey may be monastic."
}
] |
Abbeys are buildings for monks along with other participants of a religious order.
| 1 | 2 |
Abbey
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In September 2014, an employee of the Elbert County maintenance department contacted the Federal Bureau of Investigation when the stones were vandalized with graffiti including the phrase \" I Am Isis, goddess of love\"."
}
] |
k0Z1CbXUMXhkkwknpejs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Inscriptions",
"text": "A message consisting of a set of ten guidelines or principles is engraved on the Georgia Guidestones in eight different languages, one language on each face of the four large upright stones."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Georgia Guidestones are a granite monument erected in 1980 in Elbert County, Georgia, in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One slab stands in the center, with four arranged around it."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Guidestone languages",
"text": "The names of eight modern languages are inscribed along the long edges of the projecting rectangles, one per edge."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet",
"text": "Immediately below this is the outline of a square, inside which is written: Let these be guidestones to an Age of Reason Around the edges of the square are written translations to four ancient languages, one per edge."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet",
"text": "At the top center of the tablet is written: The Georgia Guidestones"
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Guidestone languages",
"text": "College Avenue Elberton, Georgia"
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "One of them, an activist named Mark Dice, demanded that the guidestones \"be smashed into a million pieces, and then the rubble used for a construction project\", claiming that the guidestones are of \"a deep Satanic origin\", and that R. C. Christian belongs to \"a Luciferian secret society\" related to the \"New World Order\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Astronomical features",
"text": "The center column features a hole drilled at an angle from one side to the other, through which can be seen the North Star, a star whose position changes only very gradually over time."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 2008, the stones were defaced with polyurethane paint and graffiti with slogans such as \"Death to the new world order\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In September 2014, an employee of the Elbert County maintenance department contacted the Federal Bureau of Investigation when the stones were vandalized with graffiti including the phrase \" I Am Isis, goddess of love\"."
}
] |
Some one painted a support message to an Egyptian god on the Georgia Guidestones monument.
| 0 | 0 |
Georgia Guidestones
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was reintroduced in February 1847 and again passed the House and failed in the Senate."
}
] |
k0dV3ZlWakD7z0QD4Eqe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It passed the House but failed in the Senate, where the South had greater representation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was reintroduced in February 1847 and again passed the House and failed in the Senate."
},
{
"section_header": "Introduction and debate on the proviso",
"text": "Douglas, now in the Senate, was among those who joined with the South to defeat an effort to attach the Wilmot Proviso to the treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Introduction and debate on the proviso",
"text": "Preston King reintroduced the Wilmot Proviso, but this time the exclusion of slavery was expanded beyond merely the Mexican territory to include \"any territory on the continent of America which shall hereafter be acquired\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Introduction and debate on the proviso",
"text": "In the Senate, led by Thomas Hart Benton (Democrat), the bill was passed without the proviso."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "After an earlier attempt to acquire Texas by treaty had failed to receive the necessary two-thirds approval of the Senate, the United States annexed the Republic of Texas by a joint resolution of Congress that required simply a majority vote in each house of Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Introduction and debate on the proviso",
"text": "The Senate took up the bill late in its Monday session."
},
{
"section_header": "Introduction and debate on the proviso",
"text": "The request came with no public warning after Polk had failed to arrange for approval of the bill with no Congressional debate."
},
{
"section_header": "Introduction and debate on the proviso",
"text": "When the bill was returned to the House the Senate bill prevailed; every Northern Whig still supported the proviso, but 22 Northern Democrats voted with the South."
},
{
"section_header": "Introduction and debate on the proviso",
"text": "In 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the war was submitted to the Senate for approval."
}
] |
The Wilmot Proviso did fail in the Senate several times.
| 0 | 5 |
Wilmot Proviso
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.