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closed_qa	[ { "content": "Ayahuasca[note 1] is a South American psychoactive and entheogenic brewed drink traditionally used both socially and as a ceremonial or shamanic spiritual medicine among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin, and more recently in North America and Europe. The tea causes altered states of consciousness often known as \"psychedelic experiences\" which include visual hallucinations and altered perceptions of reality. What types of ritual use Ayahuasca?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ayahuasca is used both socially and as a ceremonial or shamanic spiritual medicine", "role": "assistant" } ]	Ayahuasca[note 1] is a South American psychoactive and entheogenic brewed drink traditionally used both socially and as a ceremonial or shamanic spiritual medicine among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin, and more recently in North America and Europe. The tea causes altered states of consciousness often known as "psychedelic experiences" which include visual hallucinations and altered perceptions of reality. What types of ritual use Ayahuasca?
open_qa	[ { "content": "How many different Star Trek television series and movies were there in total?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In total, there were 21 when you add both the eight television series and 13 movies.", "role": "assistant" } ]	How many different Star Trek television series and movies were there in total?
general_qa	[ { "content": "Who was Henry Ford?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate. He was the founder of Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production. Ford created the first automobile that middle-class Americans could afford, and his conversion of the automobile from an expensive luxury into an accessible conveyance profoundly impacted the landscape of the 20th century.\n\nFord was born on a farm in Michigan's Springwells Township to a Belgian family, leaving home at age 16 to work in Detroit. It was a few years before this time that Ford first experienced automobiles, and throughout the later half of the 1880s, Ford began repairing and later constructing engines, and through the 1890s worked with a division of Edison Electric. He officially founded Ford Motor Company in 1903, after prior failures in business but success in constructing automobiles.\n\nFord's 1908 introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized both transportation and American industry. As the Ford Motor Company sole owner, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with \"Fordism\", the mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford was also among the pioneers of the five-day work week. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put dealerships throughout North America and major cities on six continents.\n\nFord was widely known for his pacifism during the first years of World War I. In the 1920s Ford promoted antisemitic content through his newspaper The Dearborn Independent, and the book, The International Jew. After his son Edsel died in 1943, Ford resumed control of the company but was too frail to make decisions and quickly came under the control of subordinates. He turned over the company to his grandson Henry Ford II in 1945. He died in 1947 after leaving most of his wealth to the Ford Foundation, and control of the company to his family.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Who was Henry Ford?
general_qa	[ { "content": "What do dogs like to do?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dogs like to chase balls. They also like to chase small animals like squirrels. Depending on the breed, they may have other interests like sleeping on your lap. Some dogs bite and fight with cats.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What do dogs like to do?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "What are some good mystery/suspense novels?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hardy Boys \nAgatha Christie\nSherlock Holmes\nTintin\nNancy Drew\nFamous Five", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are some good mystery/suspense novels?
general_qa	[ { "content": "My friend recommended a TV show about kids fighting monsters. It is set in the 80s and one of the kids has magical powers. Do you know what it is called?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Your friend might have been talking about Stranger Things, a TV show on Netflix set in the fictional town of Hawkins during the 1980s. The story focuses on four childhood friends who meet a girl with magical powers named Eleven, who might be the key to stopping the monsters that are terrorizing their town.", "role": "assistant" } ]	My friend recommended a TV show about kids fighting monsters. It is set in the 80s and one of the kids has magical powers. Do you know what it is called?
classification	[ { "content": "Categorize the following lego sets into the appropriate themes.\nThemes: City, Creator, Technic, Star Wars, Super Heroes\nSets: Police station, Mobile crane with working arm, The Bat Cave, 3 in 1 deep sea animals, Obi Wan vs Anakin duel on Mustafar, The Naboo palace, UCS Slave 1, Aston Martin with 4 speed transmission, lunar mission, realistic laptop", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here is a sensible categorization of these sets:\nLego City sets: Police station, lunar mission\nLego Creator sets: 3 in 1 deep sea animals, realistic laptop\nLego Technic sets: Mobile crane with working arm, Aston Martin with 4 speed transmission\nLego Star Wars sets: Obi Wan vs Anakin duel on Mustafar, The Naboo palace, UCS Slave 1\nLego Super Heroes sets: The Bat Cave", "role": "assistant" } ]	Categorize the following lego sets into the appropriate themes. Themes: City, Creator, Technic, Star Wars, Super Heroes Sets: Police station, Mobile crane with working arm, The Bat Cave, 3 in 1 deep sea animals, Obi Wan vs Anakin duel on Mustafar, The Naboo palace, UCS Slave 1, Aston Martin with 4 speed transmission, lunar mission, realistic laptop
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Jerry Garcia was born August 1, 1942, in San Francisco, California. His father was Jose Ramon Garcia, a Spanish immigrant. His mother, Ruth Marie Clifford, named him after her favorite composer, Jerome Kern. His father was a jazz musician who bought a bar. As a child Garcia took piano lessons. When he was four he lost part of a finger chopping wood. A year later his father drowned. When his mother took over the bar, Garcia went to live with his grandparents. They introduced him to the Grand Ole Opry. This along with his brother's collection of Chuck Berry records gave him an interest in country music. In 1953 his mother remarried and Garcia moved back with her. Garcia attended several different schools in and around San Francisco. But he had little interest in school until 1957 when he attended the California School of Fine Arts (now the San Francisco Art Institute). At age 15 his mother gave him a guitar. In high school he played in several bands. At age 17 he quit school. He joined the Army in 1960 but was given a general discharge a few months later.\nhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Garcia Based on this paragraph from Wikipedia, where was Jerry Garcia born, how many fingers did he have, and where did he attend college?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Based on this paragraph, Jerry Garcia was born in San Francisco, had nine fingers and he quit school at age 17 before attending college.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Jerry Garcia was born August 1, 1942, in San Francisco, California. His father was Jose Ramon Garcia, a Spanish immigrant. His mother, Ruth Marie Clifford, named him after her favorite composer, Jerome Kern. His father was a jazz musician who bought a bar. As a child Garcia took piano lessons. When he was four he lost part of a finger chopping wood. A year later his father drowned. When his mother took over the bar, Garcia went to live with his grandparents. They introduced him to the Grand Ole Opry. This along with his brother's collection of Chuck Berry records gave him an interest in country music. In 1953 his mother remarried and Garcia moved back with her. Garcia attended several different schools in and around San Francisco. But he had little interest in school until 1957 when he attended the California School of Fine Arts (now the San Francisco Art Institute). At age 15 his mother gave him a guitar. In high school he played in several bands. At age 17 he quit school. He joined the Army in 1960 but was given a general discharge a few months later. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Garcia Based on this paragraph from Wikipedia, where was Jerry Garcia born, how many fingers did he have, and where did he attend college?
summarization	[ { "content": "The Żuk (pl. beetle) was a van and light truck produced in Lublin, Poland, between 1958 and 1998 by FSC. It was based on FSO Warszawa, which in turn was licensed from the Soviet passenger car GAZ-M20 Pobeda. The chassis, suspension and engine from FSO Warszawa formed the basis of the Żuk and the Nysa light vans designed in the late 1950s. About 587818 were manufactured.\n\nThe Żuk was mainly sold to state organizations, but also to individuals. After 1989, with the liberalization of the Polish economy, the Żuk was able to maintain sales to the traditional markets and expand the number sold to individual consumers. The final few years of production was in parallel to its successor, the Lublin van, as a cheaper alternative. What kind of car was The Zuk", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Zuk (pl. beetle) was a van and light truck produced in Lublin, Poland, between 1958 and 1998 by FSC. It was based on FSO Warszawa, which in turn was licensed from the Soviet passenger car GAZ-M20 Pobeda. The chassis, suspension and engine from FSO Warszawa formed the basis of the Zuk and the Nysa light vans designed in the late 1950s. About 587818 were manufactured.\n\nThe Zuk was mainly sold to state organizations, but also to individuals. After 1989, with the liberalization of the Polish economy, the Zuk was able to maintain sales to the traditional markets and expand the number sold to individual consumers. The final few years of production was in parallel to its successor, the Lublin van, as a cheaper alternative.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Żuk (pl. beetle) was a van and light truck produced in Lublin, Poland, between 1958 and 1998 by FSC. It was based on FSO Warszawa, which in turn was licensed from the Soviet passenger car GAZ-M20 Pobeda. The chassis, suspension and engine from FSO Warszawa formed the basis of the Żuk and the Nysa light vans designed in the late 1950s. About 587818 were manufactured. The Żuk was mainly sold to state organizations, but also to individuals. After 1989, with the liberalization of the Polish economy, the Żuk was able to maintain sales to the traditional markets and expand the number sold to individual consumers. The final few years of production was in parallel to its successor, the Lublin van, as a cheaper alternative. What kind of car was The Zuk
information_extraction	[ { "content": "Tarisio's New York offices and gallery are at 244–250 W 54th Street, in the former workshop of the prominent French violin dealer and restorer Jacques Français. Français was joined in 1964 by the luthier René A. Morel, also a Frenchman, who later opened his own shop in the same space. Morel continued to work in collaboration with Tarisio until the summer of 2011, offering soundpost adjustments and other expert services. After Morel's retirement, he was succeeded at Tarisio by his colleague the luthier Stefan Valcuha, who restores lutes as well as taking care of their general maintenance. Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}", "role": "user" }, { "content": "• Jacques Français\n• René A. Morel\n• Stefan Valcuha", "role": "assistant" } ]	Tarisio's New York offices and gallery are at 244–250 W 54th Street, in the former workshop of the prominent French violin dealer and restorer Jacques Français. Français was joined in 1964 by the luthier René A. Morel, also a Frenchman, who later opened his own shop in the same space. Morel continued to work in collaboration with Tarisio until the summer of 2011, offering soundpost adjustments and other expert services. After Morel's retirement, he was succeeded at Tarisio by his colleague the luthier Stefan Valcuha, who restores lutes as well as taking care of their general maintenance. Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
information_extraction	[ { "content": "The Epic Poker League was a series of poker tournaments which took place in 2011, organised by Federated Sports + Gaming. Former World Series of Poker commissioner Jeffrey Pollack served as Executive Chairman, professional poker player Annie Duke was Commissioner, and Matt Savage was Tournament Director. The three events held took place at the Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas, Nevada. Season One received television coverage on CBS and Velocity Network.\n\nThe League was exclusionary in that it was only open to poker players who met certain qualification criteria for multimillion-dollar lifetime earnings, multiple wins and/or cashes at high level tournaments, and who were supposed to maintain adherence to a specifically defined Code of Conduct.\n\nOn 29 February 2012, Federated Sports + Gaming announced that it had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The Epic Poker League brand was among the assets acquired by Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc., at a bankruptcy auction in June 2012. Who was involved with the epic poker league?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The following people were involved with the Epic Poker League:\n- Former World Series of Poker commissioner Jeffrey Pollack (Executive Chairman)\n- Professional poker player Annie Duke (Commissioner)\n- Matt Savage (Tournament Director)", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Epic Poker League was a series of poker tournaments which took place in 2011, organised by Federated Sports + Gaming. Former World Series of Poker commissioner Jeffrey Pollack served as Executive Chairman, professional poker player Annie Duke was Commissioner, and Matt Savage was Tournament Director. The three events held took place at the Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas, Nevada. Season One received television coverage on CBS and Velocity Network. The League was exclusionary in that it was only open to poker players who met certain qualification criteria for multimillion-dollar lifetime earnings, multiple wins and/or cashes at high level tournaments, and who were supposed to maintain adherence to a specifically defined Code of Conduct. On 29 February 2012, Federated Sports + Gaming announced that it had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The Epic Poker League brand was among the assets acquired by Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc., at a bankruptcy auction in June 2012. Who was involved with the epic poker league?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Provide a list of the best places to fresh water fish in San Diego", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. San Vicente Resevoir \n2. El Capitan Resevoir \n3. Loveland Lake\n4. Lake Jennings\n5. Lake Hodges\n6. Lake Barrett\n7. Santee Lakes\n8. Otay Lakes\n9. Sweet Water Resevoir \n10. Lake Southernland", "role": "assistant" } ]	Provide a list of the best places to fresh water fish in San Diego
closed_qa	[ { "content": "On March 14, 1909, the Sacramento Union reported that Robert E. Cranston was about to begin work on a $10,000 residence and garage that had been designed by the architectural firm of Sellon & Hemmings.\n\nThe building permit was issued to Cranston two months later (May 20, 1909).16 It indicated that the two-story frame dwelling and its garage were expected to cost $11,000, an increase over the price estimated in March. Three years later, when it was sold to the Geary family, the house was reported by a Sacramento Bee journalist to have cost more than $25,000 to build. How much more did the house cost than originally planned? Express as an absolute or nominal difference, not as a percentage.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "$15,000 more than originally planned. The house cost $25,000 but was originally quoted at $10,000. $25,000 - $10,000 = $15,000", "role": "assistant" } ]	On March 14, 1909, the Sacramento Union reported that Robert E. Cranston was about to begin work on a $10,000 residence and garage that had been designed by the architectural firm of Sellon & Hemmings. The building permit was issued to Cranston two months later (May 20, 1909).16 It indicated that the two-story frame dwelling and its garage were expected to cost $11,000, an increase over the price estimated in March. Three years later, when it was sold to the Geary family, the house was reported by a Sacramento Bee journalist to have cost more than $25,000 to build. How much more did the house cost than originally planned? Express as an absolute or nominal difference, not as a percentage.
classification	[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as either a Nintendo character or a Sega character: Mario, Princess Peach, Sonic, Tails, Doctor Eggman, Luigi, Link, Zelda, Alex Kidd, Donkey Kong, AiAi, Gilius Thunderhead, Bob-Omb", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nintendo: Mario, Princess Peach, Luigi, Link, Zelda, Donkey Kong, Bob-Omb\nSega: Sonic, Tails, Doctor Eggman, Alex Kidd, AiAi, Gilius Thunderhead", "role": "assistant" } ]	Classify each of the following as either a Nintendo character or a Sega character: Mario, Princess Peach, Sonic, Tails, Doctor Eggman, Luigi, Link, Zelda, Alex Kidd, Donkey Kong, AiAi, Gilius Thunderhead, Bob-Omb
open_qa	[ { "content": "Which US city is known to be the bachelorette party center of the country, besides Las Vegas?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nashville, TN", "role": "assistant" } ]	Which US city is known to be the bachelorette party center of the country, besides Las Vegas?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is the difference between a Fender Strat and Gibson Les Paul guitar?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The main difference is the pickups used in each of these guitars. Fender Strat has single coil pickups which give it a brighter sound while the Gibson Les Paul uses humbucker pickups which give it a more thicker, deeper sound. Eric Clapton mostly uses Strats while Slash of Guns and Roses fame uses a les paul.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the difference between a Fender Strat and Gibson Les Paul guitar?
general_qa	[ { "content": "Why is FIFA world cup is so popular?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Soccer is by far the most popular sport on the planet. To the fans, the FIFA world cup is like a big festival as they can enjoy the exciting games and cheer for their favorite players and teams.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Why is FIFA world cup is so popular?
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is the difference between a mechanical watch and a quartz watch?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mechanical watches are not powered by batteries within the individual watch compartments. They are powered by gears and springs that manually need winding, maintenance, and support. This technology was developed in a time period where quartz watch technology did not exist, and as a result, needed a more simplified way of maintaining time. Since mechanical watches do not rely on a battery, they are often -/+ 2 seconds every day and need regular resetting.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the difference between a mechanical watch and a quartz watch?
open_qa	[ { "content": "Does Gen Z appreciate Radiohead's music?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Everyone appreciates Radiohead's music. It's timeless, the tune is catchy, the lyrics are deep, the vocal is excellent, the moodiness of the songs resonate with young people from every nation.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Does Gen Z appreciate Radiohead's music?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is the most popular sport in Brazil?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Football is the most popular sport in Brazil. It is a widespread sport practiced in schools, streets and clubs by millions of people. It is considered a national passion in the country.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the most popular sport in Brazil?
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is love?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Love is a emotion to show empathy and compassion. However, for this question it could also refer to a song by the band Haddaway. Released in 1993, the song became popular when it was used in several SNL skits as well as the 1998 movie, One Night At The Roxbury", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is love?
general_qa	[ { "content": "What makes Alabama Football coach Nick Saban so good at his job?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nick Saban is process oriented. This is exemplified by his team's focus on processes rather than results. The philosophy is centered around the idea that building a \"championship process\" is the key to success. Focusing on improving your processes (e.g. tackling, blocking, footwork, catching, reading the defense) as opposed to being results-oriented will carry you further. Chasing results can cause someone to re-invent the wheel when they don't achieve immediate success, whereas being process-oriented allows you to hone in and improve upon the skill set needed to consistently reach your goals.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What makes Alabama Football coach Nick Saban so good at his job?
general_qa	[ { "content": "Can we move away from fossil fuels in the next decade ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In short No, Fossil fuels will be part of our Energy portfolio for several decades. Despite the general consensus that fossil fuels are the largest contributor to climate change, it’s also challenging to find an alternative energy source that replaces this on a global scale. As emerging nations grow, their demand for affordable energy will maintain the need for fossil fuels. However, while renewable energies have been projected to replace fossil fuels as the main energy source by 2050, we will still need to invest in decarbonization technology to offset the impact of maintaining emissions from fossil fuels.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Can we move away from fossil fuels in the next decade ?
classification	[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dabakan, Kwitra", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Kwitra is string, Dabakan is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dabakan, Kwitra
classification	[ { "content": "Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A tomato is technically a fruit. We know this because the seeds of a tomato are on the inside. However, tomatoes are typically thought of and treated as a vegetable. We roast them in the oven, add them to salads, and include them on vegetable trays with other vegetables. If you want to win a technicality content, you can call a tomato a fruit. But don't put them in a fruit salad.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What makes bread rise?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There are various techniques and ingredients used in the bread making process to make it rise. Yeast can be used in the dough which will activate and the dough will rise over a number of hours (or even days) depending on the type of bread you are making. Another method is natural fermentation ie sourdough. Sourdough bread rises by using a \"pre-ferment\" or sourdough starter when mixing the dough. Typically sourdough requires a longer rise time for the development of the air bubbles and the sour taste by which the name comes from.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What makes bread rise?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What are the four major tournaments for the Professional Golfers Association?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The four major tournaments for the Professional Golfers' Association (PGA) Tour are the Masters, the PGA Championship, the US Open, and the British Open. The Masters is the first tournament of the calendar year and is held in April in Augusta, Georgia, USA. The PGA Championship comes second and is held in May followed by the US Open in June and the British Open in July. The PGA Championship, US Open, and British Open are held at different venues each year whereas the Masters tournament is always held at Augusta National Golf Club. The Masters, US Open, and British Open all welcome qualifying amateurs and professionals alike whereas the PGA Championship is limited to professionals only.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are the four major tournaments for the Professional Golfers Association?
classification	[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as being opaque or transparent: Window, wall, lens, glass, wood, cement", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Window: Transparent\nWall: Opaque\nLens: Transparent\nGlass: Transparent\nWood: Opaque\nCement: Opaque", "role": "assistant" } ]	Classify each of the following as being opaque or transparent: Window, wall, lens, glass, wood, cement
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is the weather like in San Francisco?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The weather is typically mild in San Francisco. It is usually 50 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit in the both the winters and summers. San Francisco is known for having microclimates, which means that different neighborhoods might have different weather at the same time. The Mission District is known for being sunny whereas the Sunset is often foggy. San Francisco is often windy and typically gets cool at night. It's always smart to bring a jacket in San Francisco.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the weather like in San Francisco?
creative_writing	[ { "content": "What is mitosis", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the \"parent\" chromosome.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is mitosis
classification	[ { "content": "Classify these vehicles by class. Mercedes A-Class, BMW M4, Toyota Camry, Ford F150, CyberTruck", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mercedes A-Class: Car\nBMW M4: Car\nToyota Camry: Car\nFord F150: Truck\nCyberTruck: Truck", "role": "assistant" } ]	Classify these vehicles by class. Mercedes A-Class, BMW M4, Toyota Camry, Ford F150, CyberTruck
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is the Sun?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The sun is how we refer to the star in our solar system, around which each of the planets rotate.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the Sun?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What are some edible weeds that grow well in Maryland?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Many edible plants grow well in Maryland without human intervention including chickweed, purslane, dandelion, and lamb's quarters. All of these plants may volunteer in a typical suburban yard or empty lot and will grow without being watered or tended to. They are all edible and nutritious.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are some edible weeds that grow well in Maryland?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "What are some good ski resorts for beginners?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Most ski resorts have excellent beginner areas (often called bunny hills), which are labeled as \"green runs\". These areas are also where beginner ski lessons are taught. In some cases, though, beginners prefer to go to smaller or less expensive ski resorts as they are not able to take advantage of the more difficult terrain on a larger mountain. In that case, a smaller, cheaper ski resort might be better for a beginner; these tend to be located on smaller mountains and can often be more convenient to nearby cities and towns, although the snow quality and number of ski runs is often significantly less.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are some good ski resorts for beginners?
classification	[ { "content": "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Lotus, Lincoln", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lotus is British, Lincoln is American", "role": "assistant" } ]	Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Lotus, Lincoln
information_extraction	[ { "content": "Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. The county is predominantly suburban in character with some urban and rural pockets.\n\nAs of the 2020 census, the population was 1,150,309, making it Virginia's most populous jurisdiction, with around 13% of the Commonwealth's population. The county is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, with around 20% of the MSA population, as well as the larger Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area, with around 13% of the CSA population. The county seat is Fairfax, although because it is an independent city under Virginia law, the city of Fairfax is not part of Fairfax County.\n\nFairfax was the first U.S. county to reach a six-figure median household income and has the third-highest median household income of any county-level local jurisdiction in the U.S. Fairfax County, as part of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, is usually included atop or near the top of lists of the wealthiest areas in the United States.\n\nThe county is home to the headquarters of several intelligence agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, National Counterterrorism Center, and Office of the Director of National Intelligence as well as the headquarters of several aerospace manufacturing and defense industry giants. The county is also home to the flagship campus of George Mason University, and headquarters to seven Fortune 500 companies, including three in the Falls Church area, though not in the independent municipality of Falls Church. Give an introduction of Fairfax county in Virginia.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Fairfax county locates in northern Virginia, it is bounded on the north and southeast by the Potomac River. The county has a populate of 1,164,025 in 2022, with a growth of 13,716 from 2020. It is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area\n\nFairfax has a thriving economy, attractive to business and is headquarters to several Fortune 500 companies. Fairfax has excellent schools, it's public school system is top-ranked in the nation, and is home to George Mason University. \n\nFairfax County is also home to many historic sites and cultural attractions; like Mount Vernon, Wolf Trap national park.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. The county is predominantly suburban in character with some urban and rural pockets. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,150,309, making it Virginia's most populous jurisdiction, with around 13% of the Commonwealth's population. The county is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, with around 20% of the MSA population, as well as the larger Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area, with around 13% of the CSA population. The county seat is Fairfax, although because it is an independent city under Virginia law, the city of Fairfax is not part of Fairfax County. Fairfax was the first U.S. county to reach a six-figure median household income and has the third-highest median household income of any county-level local jurisdiction in the U.S. Fairfax County, as part of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, is usually included atop or near the top of lists of the wealthiest areas in the United States. The county is home to the headquarters of several intelligence agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, National Counterterrorism Center, and Office of the Director of National Intelligence as well as the headquarters of several aerospace manufacturing and defense industry giants. The county is also home to the flagship campus of George Mason University, and headquarters to seven Fortune 500 companies, including three in the Falls Church area, though not in the independent municipality of Falls Church. Give an introduction of Fairfax county in Virginia.
information_extraction	[ { "content": "High fidelity (often shortened to Hi-Fi or HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range.\n\nHigh fidelity contrasts with the lower-quality “lo-fi” sound produced by inexpensive audio equipment, AM radio, or the inferior quality of sound reproduction that can be heard in recordings made until the late 1940s. What is HiFI?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Bell Laboratories began experimenting with a range of recording techniques in the early 1930s. Performances by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra were recorded in 1931 and 1932 using telephone lines between the Academy of Music in Philadelphia and the Bell labs in New Jersey. Some multitrack recordings were made on optical sound film, which led to new advances used primarily by MGM (as early as 1937) and Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation (as early as 1941). RCA Victor began recording performances by several orchestras using optical sound around 1941, resulting in higher-fidelity masters for 78-rpm discs. During the 1930s, Avery Fisher, an amateur violinist, began experimenting with audio design and acoustics. He wanted to make a radio that would sound like he was listening to a live orchestra—that would achieve high fidelity to the original sound. After World War II, Harry F. Olson conducted an experiment whereby test subjects listened to a live orchestra through a hidden variable acoustic filter. The results proved that listeners preferred high-fidelity reproduction, once the noise and distortion introduced by early sound equipment was removed.[citation needed]\n\nBeginning in 1948, several innovations created the conditions that made major improvements of home-audio quality possible:\n\nReel-to-reel audio tape recording, based on technology taken from Germany after WWII, helped musical artists such as Bing Crosby make and distribute recordings with better fidelity.\nThe advent of the 33⅓ rpm Long Play (LP) microgroove vinyl record, with lower surface noise and quantitatively specified equalization curves as well as noise-reduction and dynamic range systems. Classical music fans, who were opinion leaders in the audio market, quickly adopted LPs because, unlike with older records, most classical works would fit on a single LP.\nHigher quality turntables, with more responsive needles\nFM radio, with wider audio bandwidth and less susceptibility to signal interference and fading than AM radio.\nBetter amplifier designs, with more attention to frequency response and much higher power output capability, reproducing audio without perceptible distortion.\nNew loudspeaker designs, including acoustic suspension, developed by Edgar Villchur and Henry Kloss with improved bass frequency response.\nIn the 1950s, audio manufacturers employed the phrase high fidelity as a marketing term to describe records and equipment intended to provide faithful sound reproduction. Many consumers found the difference in quality compared to the then-standard AM radios and 78-rpm records readily apparent and bought high-fidelity phonographs and 33⅓ LPs such as RCA's New Orthophonics and London's FFRR (Full Frequency Range Recording, a UK Decca system). Audiophiles paid attention to technical characteristics and bought individual components, such as separate turntables, radio tuners, preamplifiers, power amplifiers and loudspeakers. Some enthusiasts even assembled their own loudspeaker systems. With the advent of integrated multi-speaker console systems in the 1950s, hi-fi became a generic term for home sound equipment, to some extent displacing phonograph and record player.\n\nIn the late 1950s and early 1960s, the development of stereophonic equipment and recordings led to the next wave of home-audio improvement, and in common parlance stereo displaced hi-fi. Records were now played on a stereo. In the world of the audiophile, however, the concept of high fidelity continued to refer to the goal of highly accurate sound reproduction and to the technological resources available for approaching that goal. This period is regarded as the \"Golden Age of Hi-Fi\", when vacuum tube equipment manufacturers of the time produced many models considered superior by modern audiophiles, and just before solid state (transistorized) equipment was introduced to the market, subsequently replacing tube equipment as the mainstream technology.\n\nIn the 1960s, the FTC with the help of the audio manufacturers came up with a definition to identify high fidelity equipment so that the manufacturers could clearly state if they meet the requirements and reduce misleading advertisements.\n\nThe metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was adapted into a power MOSFET for audio by Jun-ichi Nishizawa at Tohoku University in 1974. Power MOSFETs were soon manufactured by Yamaha for their hi-fi audio amplifiers. JVC, Pioneer Corporation, Sony and Toshiba also began manufacturing amplifiers with power MOSFETs in 1974. In 1977, Hitachi introduced the LDMOS (lateral diffused MOS), a type of power MOSFET. Hitachi was the only LDMOS manufacturer between 1977 and 1983, during which time LDMOS was used in audio power amplifiers from manufacturers such as HH Electronics (V-series) and Ashly Audio, and were used for music and public address systems. Class-D amplifiers became successful in the mid-1980s when low-cost, fast-switching MOSFETs were made available. Many transistor amps use MOSFET devices in their power sections, because their distortion curve is more tube-like.\n\nA popular type of system for reproducing music beginning in the 1970s was the integrated music centre—which combined a phonograph turntable, AM-FM radio tuner, tape player, preamplifier, and power amplifier in one package, often sold with its own separate, detachable or integrated speakers. These systems advertised their simplicity. The consumer did not have to select and assemble individual components or be familiar with impedance and power ratings. Purists generally avoid referring to these systems as high fidelity, though some are capable of very good quality sound reproduction.\n\nAudiophiles in the 1970s and 1980s preferred to buy each component separately. That way, they could choose models of each component with the specifications that they desired. In the 1980s, a number of audiophile magazines became available, offering reviews of components and articles on how to choose and test speakers, amplifiers, and other components.\n\nListening tests\nSee also: Codec listening test\nListening tests are used by hi-fi manufacturers, audiophile magazines, and audio engineering researchers and scientists. If a listening test is done in such a way that the listener who is assessing the sound quality of a component or recording can see the components that are being used for the test (e.g., the same musical piece listened to through a tube power amplifier and a solid-state amplifier), then it is possible that the listener's pre-existing biases towards or against certain components or brands could affect their judgment. To respond to this issue, researchers began to use blind tests, in which listeners cannot see the components being tested. A commonly used variant of this test is the ABX test. A subject is presented with two known samples (sample A, the reference, and sample B, an alternative), and one unknown sample X, for three samples total. X is randomly selected from A and B, and the subject identifies X as being either A or B. Although there is no way to prove that a certain methodology is transparent, a properly conducted double-blind test can prove that a method is not transparent.\n\nBlind tests are sometimes used as part of attempts to ascertain whether certain audio components (such as expensive, exotic cables) have any subjectively perceivable effect on sound quality. Data gleaned from these blind tests is not accepted by some audiophile magazines such as Stereophile and The Absolute Sound in their evaluations of audio equipment. John Atkinson, current editor of Stereophile, stated that he once purchased a solid-state amplifier, the Quad 405, in 1978 after seeing the results from blind tests, but came to realize months later that \"the magic was gone\" until he replaced it with a tube amp. Robert Harley of The Absolute Sound wrote, in 2008, that: \"...blind listening tests fundamentally distort the listening process and are worthless in determining the audibility of a certain phenomenon.\"\n\nDoug Schneider, editor of the online Soundstage network, refuted this position with two editorials in 2009. He stated: \"Blind tests are at the core of the decades' worth of research into loudspeaker design done at Canada's National Research Council (NRC). The NRC researchers knew that for their result to be credible within the scientific community and to have the most meaningful results, they had to eliminate bias, and blind testing was the only way to do so.\" Many Canadian companies such as Axiom, Energy, Mirage, Paradigm, PSB, and Revel use blind testing extensively in designing their loudspeakers. Audio professional Dr. Sean Olive of Harman International shares this view.", "role": "assistant" } ]	High fidelity (often shortened to Hi-Fi or HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range. High fidelity contrasts with the lower-quality “lo-fi” sound produced by inexpensive audio equipment, AM radio, or the inferior quality of sound reproduction that can be heard in recordings made until the late 1940s. What is HiFI?
classification	[ { "content": "are the following musical instruments or not?\ntypewriter\ncomputer\nguitar\nviolin\nflute\nbedsheets\nbat\nball\npiano\nharmonium\ntabla\nblinds", "role": "user" }, { "content": "musical instruments: guitar, violin, flute, piano, harmonium, tabla\nnot musical instruments: typewriter, computer, bedsheets, bat, ball, blinds", "role": "assistant" } ]	are the following musical instruments or not? typewriter computer guitar violin flute bedsheets bat ball piano harmonium tabla blinds
creative_writing	[ { "content": "Write the synopsis for a spy thriller book. The story should a team of experts in many various domains of science and technology, all working together to solve a potential global crisis. Leave the synopsis with a cliff-hanger question.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "\"The Shadow Experts\" tells a story that brings together the world of spying and a group of experts whose goal it is to help \"just causes.\" The heroine, a very secretive individual with a European aristocratic cover, founded a network of specialists whose expertise encompasses a vast swath of current scientific knowledge. It ranges from highly technical fields such as nuclear physics or bio-medical research to others, more qualitative, such as psychology, art and criminology. Each of the members of the network is sworn to secrecy and only rarely meets either the heroine or other members. This network is known as \"The Shadow Experts.\" They all have their own known and public activities, allowing them to stay at the leading edge of their specialty.\nHere, The Shadow Experts are hired by the Mossad to help trace a deadly virus which seems to have hit a few geographical pockets with, on the surface, no apparent relationship with one another.\nUsing novel and at times even experimental equipment, the heroine, with the help of colleagues from \"The Shadow Experts\" and Mossad agents, works to find the source of the virus, the reasons for its introduction in selective geographies and the best approach to contain its spread. The hunt for the source takes her and members of her informal team around the world. In the process, she discovers a parallel network of criminals linked to a large and dangerous organization and at least one, possibly two countries and their secret services. Will the project prevent the catastrophe that is being planned?", "role": "assistant" } ]	Write the synopsis for a spy thriller book. The story should a team of experts in many various domains of science and technology, all working together to solve a potential global crisis. Leave the synopsis with a cliff-hanger question.
creative_writing	[ { "content": "Why do I have a belly button?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "When we were a baby we were connected to our mother through an umbilical cord that provided food, water and nutrients to help us grow. The belly button is the spot where the cord was once attached from.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Why do I have a belly button?