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information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The county is home to several endangered species including the San Francisco garter snake and the San Bruno elfin butterfly, both of which are endemic to San Mateo County. The endangered Ridgway's Rail is also found on the shores of San Francisco Bay, in the cities of Belmont and San Mateo. The endangered wildflower Hickman's potentilla is found near the Pacific Ocean on the lower slopes of Montara Mountain. The endangered wildflowers White-rayed pentachaeta, Pentachaeta bellidiflora, San Mateo Woolly Sunflower, Eriophyllum latilobum, Marin Dwarf Flax, Hesperolinon congestum and the San Mateo Thornmint, Acanthomintha duttonii, are found in the vicinity of the Crystal Springs Reservoir.\n\nIn May 2014, a California condor was spotted near Pescadero, a coastal community south of San Francisco—it was the first California condor spotted in San Mateo County since 1904. The condor, tagged with the number \"597\", and also known as \"Lupine\", is one of 439 condors living in the wild or captivity in California, Baja California and Arizona. The three-year-old female flew more than 100 miles (160 km) north from Pinnacles National Park, in San Benito County, on May 30, and landed on a private, forested property near Pescadero, on the San Mateo County Coast, where it was photographed by a motion-activated wildlife camera. Harold Heath, Professor Emeritus, of Stanford University was responsible for the 1904 sighting, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the University campus.\n\nPumas (Puma concolor), also known as cougars or mountain lions, roam the county.\n\nTule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) were native to San Mateo County and among the \"favored foods\" of the Ohlone people based on ethnohistoric and archeological evidence there. The discovery of two elk specimens made news in 1962, one a royal elk (royal elk bulls have six tines per antler) from a peat bog excavated in Pacifica's historic Laguna Alta, and now in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology collection. These may date from the time of Spanish settlement. Laguna Alta lay just south of the Interstate 280 and Skyline Boulevard intersection, east of Mussel Rock. The California Academy of Sciences also has an elk skull fragment collected one mile inland from the mouth of Purisima Creek in 1951. Additional coastal elk remains dating from the Middle and Late Periods in Northern California were found in at least five more late Holocene archeological sites in San Mateo County: SMA-115 (Montara State Beach site), SMA-118 (Bean Hollow State Beach site), SMA-244 (Butano Ridge site), SMA-97 (Año Nuevo Creek site) and SMA-218 (Año Nuevo State Reserve site). On the eastern side of the San Francisco Peninsula, elk remains were also unearthed at multiple archaeological sites along San Francisquito Creek. What are three mammals found within San Mateo County?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pumas and tule elk are two mammal species found in San Mateo County.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The county is home to several endangered species including the San Francisco garter snake and the San Bruno elfin butterfly, both of which are endemic to San Mateo County. The endangered Ridgway's Rail is also found on the shores of San Francisco Bay, in the cities of Belmont and San Mateo. The endangered wildflower Hickman's potentilla is found near the Pacific Ocean on the lower slopes of Montara Mountain. The endangered wildflowers White-rayed pentachaeta, Pentachaeta bellidiflora, San Mateo Woolly Sunflower, Eriophyllum latilobum, Marin Dwarf Flax, Hesperolinon congestum and the San Mateo Thornmint, Acanthomintha duttonii, are found in the vicinity of the Crystal Springs Reservoir.
In May 2014, a California condor was spotted near Pescadero, a coastal community south of San Francisco—it was the first California condor spotted in San Mateo County since 1904. The condor, tagged with the number "597", and also known as "Lupine", is one of 439 condors living in the wild or captivity in California, Baja California and Arizona. The three-year-old female flew more than 100 miles (160 km) north from Pinnacles National Park, in San Benito County, on May 30, and landed on a private, forested property near Pescadero, on the San Mateo County Coast, where it was photographed by a motion-activated wildlife camera. Harold Heath, Professor Emeritus, of Stanford University was responsible for the 1904 sighting, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the University campus.
Pumas (Puma concolor), also known as cougars or mountain lions, roam the county.
Tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) were native to San Mateo County and among the "favored foods" of the Ohlone people based on ethnohistoric and archeological evidence there. The discovery of two elk specimens made news in 1962, one a royal elk (royal elk bulls have six tines per antler) from a peat bog excavated in Pacifica's historic Laguna Alta, and now in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology collection. These may date from the time of Spanish settlement. Laguna Alta lay just south of the Interstate 280 and Skyline Boulevard intersection, east of Mussel Rock. The California Academy of Sciences also has an elk skull fragment collected one mile inland from the mouth of Purisima Creek in 1951. Additional coastal elk remains dating from the Middle and Late Periods in Northern California were found in at least five more late Holocene archeological sites in San Mateo County: SMA-115 (Montara State Beach site), SMA-118 (Bean Hollow State Beach site), SMA-244 (Butano Ridge site), SMA-97 (Año Nuevo Creek site) and SMA-218 (Año Nuevo State Reserve site). On the eastern side of the San Francisco Peninsula, elk remains were also unearthed at multiple archaeological sites along San Francisquito Creek. What are three mammals found within San Mateo County? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "how to survive on Mars",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Surviving on Mars would be a challenging and dangerous endeavor. However, here are some steps that could increase your chances of survival:\n\nOxygen: Mars' atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide, so you'll need to find a way to generate oxygen. One way is to use a process called electrolysis to extract oxygen from water.\n\nWater: Water is essential for survival, so you'll need to find a source of water on Mars. This could be in the form of ice or underground reserves.\n\nFood: Growing your own food on Mars would be difficult, but not impossible. You could use hydroponics or aeroponics to grow plants indoors, or find ways to grow crops outdoors.\n\nShelter: Mars' harsh environment would require a well-built shelter to protect you from the extreme cold, radiation, and dust storms. The shelter would need to be well insulated and sealed to prevent air leaks.\n\nEnergy: You'll need a reliable source of energy to power your shelter and equipment. Solar panels could be used to generate electricity, or nuclear reactors could be used for more efficient energy production.\n\nCommunications: Communication with Earth would be crucial for survival. You would need a reliable communication system to send and receive messages from Earth, as well as to coordinate with other astronauts on Mars.\n\nMedical Supplies: Medical emergencies could arise on Mars, so having a well-stocked medical kit and the knowledge to treat basic medical issues would be important.\n\nMental Health: Living in isolation on Mars could take a toll on your mental health. Maintaining social connections with other astronauts, regular exercise, and engaging in activities to combat boredom would be important for mental health.\n\nSurviving on Mars would require a great deal of preparation, resources, and expertise. It would also require a strong will to persevere through the challenges of living on an inhospitable planet.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| how to survive on Mars |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "My cat is constantly meowing by the door after I let her out once, but it's dangerous for cats to be outdoors unsupervised. What are some ways I can train her to stop meowing?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are a few different ways you can train your cat to stop meowing:\n- Get a clicker, and whenever she pauses her meowing, click the clicker and give her a treat. The clicker trains her to associate her behavior with the reward.\n- Find something else to entertain her, such as a cat toy, or a video of wildlife.\n- Build an outdoor enclosure for her, accessible from a cat door. This will allow her to go outside, but in a safe and controller environment.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| My cat is constantly meowing by the door after I let her out once, but it's dangerous for cats to be outdoors unsupervised. What are some ways I can train her to stop meowing? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is intermittent fasting and can it help?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Intermittent fasting is the idea of cycling between periods of fasting and eating usually on a daily schedule. For example, many people fast for 16 hours in a day then give themselves 8 hours to eat before starting the cycle again. 12 hours or more are needed since 12 hours is the amount of time it takes your body to switch from using glucose for energy to using fat for energy.\n\nThe main benefit to intermittent fasting is that it can help you loose weight although many also believe that it can help your immunity system and also live a longer life.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is intermittent fasting and can it help? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Of the following, identify which are TV shows that originally aired in black-and-white, brands of toothpaste, and places where you can participate in water sports: the beach, The Honeymooners, I Love Lucy, Colgate, Florida, a river, The Munsters, Crest, Aquafresh, a lake, a pool, Rembrandt, The Addams Family",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "TV shows that originally aired in black-and-white: The Honeymooners, I Love Lucy, The Munsters, The Addams Family\nToothpaste brands: Crest, Colgate, Aquafresh, Rembrandt\nPlaces you can participate in water sports: the beach, Florida, a river, a lake, a pool",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Of the following, identify which are TV shows that originally aired in black-and-white, brands of toothpaste, and places where you can participate in water sports: the beach, The Honeymooners, I Love Lucy, Colgate, Florida, a river, The Munsters, Crest, Aquafresh, a lake, a pool, Rembrandt, The Addams Family |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Polly, a 51-year-old female, visits your fitness facility. She is dissatisfied with her body and is responding to a series of ads your facility uses to attract people interested in weight loss. Can we think of ways she can become more accepting of her body?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Instead of jumping to intense workout regimens or strict diets, we can coax her to focus more on what her body can accomplish physically versus just how it looks. We wish to encourage her to accept her body and cherish her progress in her athletic endeavors, e.g. if she is consistently performing resistance exercises, remind her that her body can now lift much more weight than when she first started. She can focus more on that, instead of purely a number on a scale. Moreover, we can also dig into where her body insecurities came from, and take steps so that she can work through this trauma. Suggestions include renaming a specific disliked body part, focusing on the great parts of her own body, and appreciating the inherent strength and functionality of her body.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Polly, a 51-year-old female, visits your fitness facility. She is dissatisfied with her body and is responding to a series of ads your facility uses to attract people interested in weight loss. Can we think of ways she can become more accepting of her body? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What did George Dantzig develop?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Dantzig is known for his development of the simplex algorithm, an algorithm for solving linear programming problems, and for his other work with linear programming. In statistics, Dantzig solved two open problems in statistical theory, which he had mistaken for homework after arriving late to a lecture by Jerzy Neyman.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What did George Dantzig develop? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some common descriptive statistics?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "mean, median, range, count, sum, percentage, percentiles, standard deviation, variance",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some common descriptive statistics? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What’s so interesting about Pokemon Go?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pokemon Go is so interesting because I can walk around (or even drive around) to catch a rich variety of Pokemons almost everywhere. Moreover, there are people playing the game around the globe, so when I want to battle, I can do it even in another country! However, most importantly, Pokemon Go is one of my son's favorite game. We often play it together and talk about it together.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What’s so interesting about Pokemon Go? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following grades as being in elementary or high school: 10th grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, 12th grade, 1st grade.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "10th Grade: High School\n3rd Grade: Elementary School\n4th Grade: Elementary School\n12th Grade: High School\n1st Grade: Elementary School",
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}
]
| Classify each of the following grades as being in elementary or high school: 10th grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, 12th grade, 1st grade. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the below based on whether continent or ocean-\nAsia, Africa, North America, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Continent - Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia\nOcean - Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the below based on whether continent or ocean-
Asia, Africa, North America, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The son of Checochinican (Chickoconecon), chief of the Fish Clan of the Turtle tribe, Nemacolin was born near the Brandywine Creek, probably close to the Swedish trading post at Fort Christina that later became Wilmington, Delaware. By a treaty with William Penn in 1726, various tribes either rented or gave up their land on both sides of Brandywine Creek. Nemacolin likely grew up near Shamokin, Pennsylvania, a village near the Susquehanna River to which the Delaware had retreated when faced with disease and colonization of their traditional lands by white settlers. His family grew to know trader Thomas Cresap, and moved south and west with the Cresap family, likely after a controversy between groups of settlers aligned with the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania known as Cresap's War.\n\nCirca 1750, Cresap received instructions to improve the Native American path across the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Narrows. He hired Nemacolin and his two sons, among others, to complete the task between Will's Creek (a trading post on a tributary of the Potomac River later the site of Fort Cumberland) and the mouth of Redstone Creek on the Monongahela River (a tributary of the Ohio River) which later became Redstone Old Fort and even later Brownsville, Pennsylvania. A side trail led to the residence of Christopher Gist. Gist led George Washington along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754. It was later improved to permit supply wagons for General Edward Braddock's army, and the General ultimately died on the route in 1755 after the disastrous Battle of the Monongahela near present day Pittsburgh. About 1759, as the war ended, Nemocolin reblazed the path to the residence of James Burd which became Fort Burd and later renamed Redstone Old Fort. Another branch went to Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Given the biography of Nemacolin, what years did George Washington use Nemacolin's Path?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "George Washington was led by Christopher Gist along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The son of Checochinican (Chickoconecon), chief of the Fish Clan of the Turtle tribe, Nemacolin was born near the Brandywine Creek, probably close to the Swedish trading post at Fort Christina that later became Wilmington, Delaware. By a treaty with William Penn in 1726, various tribes either rented or gave up their land on both sides of Brandywine Creek. Nemacolin likely grew up near Shamokin, Pennsylvania, a village near the Susquehanna River to which the Delaware had retreated when faced with disease and colonization of their traditional lands by white settlers. His family grew to know trader Thomas Cresap, and moved south and west with the Cresap family, likely after a controversy between groups of settlers aligned with the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania known as Cresap's War.
Circa 1750, Cresap received instructions to improve the Native American path across the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Narrows. He hired Nemacolin and his two sons, among others, to complete the task between Will's Creek (a trading post on a tributary of the Potomac River later the site of Fort Cumberland) and the mouth of Redstone Creek on the Monongahela River (a tributary of the Ohio River) which later became Redstone Old Fort and even later Brownsville, Pennsylvania. A side trail led to the residence of Christopher Gist. Gist led George Washington along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754. It was later improved to permit supply wagons for General Edward Braddock's army, and the General ultimately died on the route in 1755 after the disastrous Battle of the Monongahela near present day Pittsburgh. About 1759, as the war ended, Nemocolin reblazed the path to the residence of James Burd which became Fort Burd and later renamed Redstone Old Fort. Another branch went to Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Given the biography of Nemacolin, what years did George Washington use Nemacolin's Path? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Have any Defensive players won the Heisman Trophy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Charles Woodson is the only Heisman Trophy Winner who was primarily a defensive player.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Have any Defensive players won the Heisman Trophy? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Q: Am I at risk for serious complications from COVID-19 if I smoke cigarettes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A: Yes. Data shows that when compared to never smokers, cigarette smoking increases the risk of more severe illness from COVID-19, which could result in hospitalization, the need for intensive care, or even death. Smoking cigarettes can cause inflammation and cell damage throughout the body, and can weaken your immune system, making it less able to fight off disease.\n\nThere’s never been a better time to quit smoking. If you need resources to help you quit smoking, the FDA has supportive tips and tools to help you get closer to quitting for good.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Q: Am I at risk for serious complications from COVID-19 if I smoke cigarettes? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a Ferocactus",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ferocactus is a genus of large barrel-shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers. There are about 30 species included in the genus. They are found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a Ferocactus |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Janzi, Gemshorn",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Gemshorn is woodwind, Janzi is string.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Janzi, Gemshorn |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of best Studio Ghibli Films",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. My Neighbour Totoro\n2. Princess Mononoke\n3. Howl's Moving Castle\n4. Spirited Away\n5. Kiki's Delivery Service\n6. The tale of Princess Kaguya\n7. Grave of the Fireflies\n8. The Red Turtle\n9. Ocean Waves\n10. From Up on Poppy Hill",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of best Studio Ghibli Films |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Nikola Poplašen (Никола Поплашен; born 15 December 1951 in Sombor) is a former Bosnian Serb politician. He was the president of Republika Srpska from late 1998 to 1999. He was removed by the High Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Carlos Westendorp, on 5 March 1999. The removal was enforced on 2 September 1999.\n\nFollowing his removal from the presidency, he also worked as a member of the Senate of Republika Srpska. He testified as a defense witness for Radovan Karadžić in his trial.\n\nBosnian War\nFollowing the outbreak of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poplašen left Sarajevo with his family to work for the newly-formed government of Republika Srpska in Pale. There he served as a member of the Advisory of Serb Democratic Party and also personally advised Radovan Karadžić. However, he left SDS in 1992 and founded the Serbian Radical Party of Republika Srpska. Subsequently, he worked as a commissioner for the government of Republika Srpska in Vogošća up to December 1992. He saw combat and was formally given the title of a Chetnik Vojvoda by Vojislav Šešelj. What was Nikola Poplašen's profession?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nikola Poplašen was a Bosnian Serb politician, president of the Republika Srpska from late 1998 to 1999.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Nikola Poplašen (Никола Поплашен; born 15 December 1951 in Sombor) is a former Bosnian Serb politician. He was the president of Republika Srpska from late 1998 to 1999. He was removed by the High Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Carlos Westendorp, on 5 March 1999. The removal was enforced on 2 September 1999.
Following his removal from the presidency, he also worked as a member of the Senate of Republika Srpska. He testified as a defense witness for Radovan Karadžić in his trial.
Bosnian War
Following the outbreak of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poplašen left Sarajevo with his family to work for the newly-formed government of Republika Srpska in Pale. There he served as a member of the Advisory of Serb Democratic Party and also personally advised Radovan Karadžić. However, he left SDS in 1992 and founded the Serbian Radical Party of Republika Srpska. Subsequently, he worked as a commissioner for the government of Republika Srpska in Vogošća up to December 1992. He saw combat and was formally given the title of a Chetnik Vojvoda by Vojislav Šešelj. What was Nikola Poplašen's profession? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Atabaque, Ajaeng",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ajaeng is string, Atabague is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Atabaque, Ajaeng |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What does it mean to be customer obsessed or achieve customer obsession?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Customer obsession is a state of mind. To embody a Customer Obsessed state of mind, one must consider the customer they are obsessed with in all things. For example, when at the grocery store you see an advertisement from a competitor of your customer, a customer-obsessed state of mind will naturally conceive of methods that a customer might employ, out-competing the viewed advertisement. When going to sleep, the customer and their needs are the last thoughts that drift from your mind as you fall asleep. When waking up, the customer should be the first thought to naturally occur as you begin to consider your activities. When eating your lunch, you should imagine what your customer is eating for their lunch.\n\nWhen your customer is on your mind every waking moment, you've begun to walk the path of being customer obsessed. Once you've begun dreaming of your customer, then you will then have achieved true customer obsession.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What does it mean to be customer obsessed or achieve customer obsession? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Where is the best place in my home to store valuable and sensitive documents?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You should store sensitive documents in a secure location, such as a locked drawer inside a room with a lock. Depending on the nature of the documents, you might also consider storing them in a locking safe. Some safes are also waterproof and fireproof to a certain degree, so in the event of a natural disaster to your home, you would still be able to retrieve them. Examples of sensitive documents to be stored include birth certificates, wills, and deeds.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where is the best place in my home to store valuable and sensitive documents? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are so many NFL coaches related to each other?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most common path towards acquiring a coaching job in the NFL is through connections to family or friends who are already employed by an NFL franchise in a coaching or playing capacity. Historically, people have criticized the league for not employing steeper measures to reduce nepotism among coaching staffs, however, there is little the league can do to prevent this as many coaches prefer to employ staff they are already familiar with.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are so many NFL coaches related to each other? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Tell me all possible to boil an egg",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To boil an egg you could:\n- Boil the water and then submerge the egg in the boiling water for 5 to 10 mins\n- Put the the egg in a pot, add water, apply heat until it boils, and then wait for 5 to 10 mins",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me all possible to boil an egg |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the length of an Olympic size swimming pool?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Olympic size swimming pool is 50 meters in length",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the length of an Olympic size swimming pool? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Malimba, Langspil",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Langspil is string, Malimba is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Malimba, Langspil |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me tips on how to stick to habits?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It is sometimes tough to stick to habits, but it is possible if we follow the methodic approach.\n\nHere are some tips on how you can do it.\n\n1. Understand why you need to stick to a habit and why it is essential.\n2. Make the habit obvious; e.g., if you want to play guitar every night after dinner, keep your guitar visible in the dining area.\n3. Make habits easy. We often avoid long and complex things, so keep them simple. e.g., if you want to make a habit of exercising, start with small and simple exercises.\n4. Make habits attractive and satisfying. Give yourself rewards after finishing the routine. e.g., you can eat an ice cream cone after exercise 3–4 days a week.\n\nI hope this helps you in your habit-making journey.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me tips on how to stick to habits? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Final Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The first game in the series was released in 1987, with 15 numbered main entries having been released to date. Who created Final Fantasy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Final Fantasy was created by Hironobu Sakaguchi",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Final Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The first game in the series was released in 1987, with 15 numbered main entries having been released to date. Who created Final Fantasy? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Amsterdam's main attractions include its historic canals; the Rijksmuseum, the state museum with a vast collection of Dutch Golden Age art; the Van Gogh Museum; the Dam Square, where the Royal Palace of Amsterdam and former city hall (stadhuis) are located; the Amsterdam Museum; Stedelijk Museum, with modern art; Hermitage Amsterdam, the Concertgebouw concert hall; the Anne Frank House; the Het Scheepvaartmuseum, the Heineken Experience, the Natura Artis Magistra; Hortus Botanicus, NEMO, the red-light district and many cannabis coffee shops. The city is also well known for its nightlife and festival activity; with several of its nightclubs (Melkweg, Paradiso) among the world's most famous. Primarily known for its artistic heritage, elaborate canal system and narrow canal houses with gabled façades; well-preserved legacies of the city's 17th-century Golden Age, and the establishment of the Van Gogh Museum, displaying the work of the famous Dutch modern artist, have attracted millions of visitors to Amsterdam annually. Find all of the Amsterdam museums mentioned in the text and put them in a numbered list.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Amsterdam museums mentioned in this text are:\n1. Rijksmuseum\n2. Van Gogh Museum\n3. Amsterdam Museum\n4. Stedelijk Museum\n5. Hermitage Amsterdam\n6. Anne Frank House\n7. Het Scheepvaartmuseum\n8. NEMO",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Amsterdam's main attractions include its historic canals; the Rijksmuseum, the state museum with a vast collection of Dutch Golden Age art; the Van Gogh Museum; the Dam Square, where the Royal Palace of Amsterdam and former city hall (stadhuis) are located; the Amsterdam Museum; Stedelijk Museum, with modern art; Hermitage Amsterdam, the Concertgebouw concert hall; the Anne Frank House; the Het Scheepvaartmuseum, the Heineken Experience, the Natura Artis Magistra; Hortus Botanicus, NEMO, the red-light district and many cannabis coffee shops. The city is also well known for its nightlife and festival activity; with several of its nightclubs (Melkweg, Paradiso) among the world's most famous. Primarily known for its artistic heritage, elaborate canal system and narrow canal houses with gabled façades; well-preserved legacies of the city's 17th-century Golden Age, and the establishment of the Van Gogh Museum, displaying the work of the famous Dutch modern artist, have attracted millions of visitors to Amsterdam annually. Find all of the Amsterdam museums mentioned in the text and put them in a numbered list. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which TV series was narrated by Walter Winchell",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Untouchables",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which TV series was narrated by Walter Winchell |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Hispania (Latin: Hispānia [hɪsˈpaːnia], Spanish: [isˈpanja]; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. Subsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, first as Hispania Nova, later renamed \"Callaecia\" (or Gallaecia, whence modern Galicia). From Diocletian's Tetrarchy (AD 293) onwards, the south of the remainder of Tarraconensis was again split off as Carthaginensis, and all of the mainland Hispanic provinces, along with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later grouped into a civil diocese headed by a vicarius. The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule.\n\nThe modern place names Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania. What is Hispania",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hispania (Latin: Hispānia [hɪsˈpaːnia], Spanish: [isˈpanja]; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. \n\nSubsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, first as Hispania Nova, later renamed \"Callaecia\" (or Gallaecia, whence modern Galicia). From Diocletian's Tetrarchy (AD 293) onwards, the south of the remainder of Tarraconensis was again split off as Carthaginensis, and all of the mainland Hispanic provinces, along with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later grouped into a civil diocese headed by a vicarius. The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule.\n\nThe modern place names Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Hispania (Latin: Hispānia [hɪsˈpaːnia], Spanish: [isˈpanja]; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. Subsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, first as Hispania Nova, later renamed "Callaecia" (or Gallaecia, whence modern Galicia). From Diocletian's Tetrarchy (AD 293) onwards, the south of the remainder of Tarraconensis was again split off as Carthaginensis, and all of the mainland Hispanic provinces, along with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later grouped into a civil diocese headed by a vicarius. The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule.
The modern place names Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania. What is Hispania |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Álex Corretja defeated Marcelo Ríos in the final, 7–5, 7–5, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1997 Italian Open.\n\nThomas Muster was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Scott Draper.\n\nSeeds\nUnited States Pete Sampras (first round)\nUnited States Michael Chang (first round)\nAustria Thomas Muster (second round)\nRussia Yevgeny Kafelnikov (third round)\nNetherlands Richard Krajicek (second round)\nCroatia Goran Ivanišević (semifinals)\nChile Marcelo Ríos (final)\nSpain Carlos Moyà (third round)\nSouth Africa Wayne Ferreira (first round)\nSpain Álex Corretja (champion)\nSpain Álbert Costa (third round)\nGermany Boris Becker (third round)\nSpain Félix Mantilla (first round)\nUnited Kingdom Tim Henman (second round)\nSwitzerland Marc Rosset (third round)\nAustralia Mark Philippoussis (first round) List all the competitors in the 1997 Italian Open for Mens Singles",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pete Sampras (first round)\nMichael Chang (first round)\nThomas Muster (second round)\nYevgeny Kafelnikov (third round)\nRichard Krajicek (second round)\nGoran Ivanišević (semifinals)\nMarcelo Ríos (final)\nCarlos Moyà (third round)\nWayne Ferreira (first round)\nÁlex Corretja (champion)\nÁlbert Costa (third round)\nBoris Becker (third round)\nFélix Mantilla (first round)\nTim Henman (second round)\nMarc Rosset (third round)\nMark Philippoussis (first round)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Álex Corretja defeated Marcelo Ríos in the final, 7–5, 7–5, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1997 Italian Open.
Thomas Muster was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Scott Draper.
Seeds
United States Pete Sampras (first round)
United States Michael Chang (first round)
Austria Thomas Muster (second round)
Russia Yevgeny Kafelnikov (third round)
Netherlands Richard Krajicek (second round)
Croatia Goran Ivanišević (semifinals)
Chile Marcelo Ríos (final)
Spain Carlos Moyà (third round)
South Africa Wayne Ferreira (first round)
Spain Álex Corretja (champion)
Spain Álbert Costa (third round)
Germany Boris Becker (third round)
Spain Félix Mantilla (first round)
United Kingdom Tim Henman (second round)
Switzerland Marc Rosset (third round)
Australia Mark Philippoussis (first round) List all the competitors in the 1997 Italian Open for Mens Singles |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write me a recursive function for calculating the nth fibonacci number",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Below is a recursive Python function fib(n) that computes the nth Fibonacci number. This is split into a base case and a recursive case. The base case is given by the fact that the first two terms of the Fibonacci sequence are 0 and 1, so fib(0)=0 and fib(1)=1. The recursive case is given by the fact that the nth Fibonacci number f_n can be written as the sum of the previous two Fibonacci numbers, so f_n = f_{n-1} + f_{n-2}. Putting this all together, we get\n\n```\ndef fib(n):\n\t# base case\n\tif n == 0:\n\t\treturn 0\n\tif n == 1:\n\t\treturn 1\n\n\t# recursive case\n\treturn fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)\n```\n\nThis will correctly calculate the nth Fibonacci number for nonnegative integer inputs n. However, recursively calculating Fibonacci numbers in this way takes exponential time in the value of n, so this code may be very slow for large inputs. It could be improved by memoizing previous results, or using a non-recursive approach. Simple iterative approaches can solve the problem more quickly, and closed-form expressions for the nth Fibonacci number exist and are even faster to evaluate.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write me a recursive function for calculating the nth fibonacci number |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Extract the current cash rate from the following using the format: {x} percent\n\nAt its meeting today, the Board decided to increase the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 3.60 per cent. It also increased the interest rate on Exchange Settlement balances by 25 basis points to 3.50 per cent.\nGlobal inflation remains very high. In headline terms it is moderating, although services price inflation remains elevated in many economies. It will be some time before inflation is back to target rates. The outlook for the global economy remains subdued, with below average growth expected this year and next.\nThe monthly CPI indicator suggests that inflation has peaked in Australia. Goods price inflation is expected to moderate over the months ahead due to both global developments and softer demand in Australia. Services price inflation remains high, with strong demand for some services over the summer. Rents are increasing at the fastest rate in some years, with vacancy rates low in many parts of the country. The central forecast is for inflation to decline this year and next, to be around 3 per cent in mid-2025. Medium-term inflation expectations remain well anchored, and it is important that this remains the case.\nGrowth in the Australian economy has slowed, with GDP increasing by 0.5 per cent in the December quarter and 2.7 per cent over the year. Growth over the next couple of years is expected to be below trend. Household consumption growth has slowed due to the tighter financial conditions and the outlook for housing construction has softened. In contrast, the outlook for business investment remains positive, with many businesses operating at a very high level of capacity utilisation.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "3.60 percent",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Extract the current cash rate from the following using the format: {x} percent
At its meeting today, the Board decided to increase the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 3.60 per cent. It also increased the interest rate on Exchange Settlement balances by 25 basis points to 3.50 per cent.
Global inflation remains very high. In headline terms it is moderating, although services price inflation remains elevated in many economies. It will be some time before inflation is back to target rates. The outlook for the global economy remains subdued, with below average growth expected this year and next.
The monthly CPI indicator suggests that inflation has peaked in Australia. Goods price inflation is expected to moderate over the months ahead due to both global developments and softer demand in Australia. Services price inflation remains high, with strong demand for some services over the summer. Rents are increasing at the fastest rate in some years, with vacancy rates low in many parts of the country. The central forecast is for inflation to decline this year and next, to be around 3 per cent in mid-2025. Medium-term inflation expectations remain well anchored, and it is important that this remains the case.
Growth in the Australian economy has slowed, with GDP increasing by 0.5 per cent in the December quarter and 2.7 per cent over the year. Growth over the next couple of years is expected to be below trend. Household consumption growth has slowed due to the tighter financial conditions and the outlook for housing construction has softened. In contrast, the outlook for business investment remains positive, with many businesses operating at a very high level of capacity utilisation. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who has the most #1 hits in music?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Beatles, unsurprisingly, lead the way with a record 20 No. 1s, all earned between 1964 and 1970. The Fab Four also scored 34 top 10s (second only to Madonna’s 38), hitting No. 1 in over half their visits to the top 10.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who has the most #1 hits in music? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do humans like golf?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Humans like golf because of the games ability to keep a person humble. Golf is by nature, an individual sport, so the human is essentially playing against themselves. This nature gives humans the ability to become at peace as they accept defeat in a game that truly cannot be won. Success is only measured against ones self.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do humans like golf? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following are commonly used as boys names: Adam, Shirley, Hunter, Mary, Susan, Stephanie, John, Buster, Matthew, James, Johan, Sean, Steven, Ada",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Adam, Hunter, John, Buster, Matthew, James, Johan, Sean, Steven",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following are commonly used as boys names: Adam, Shirley, Hunter, Mary, Susan, Stephanie, John, Buster, Matthew, James, Johan, Sean, Steven, Ada |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the types of space objects ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The International Astronomical Union (IAU) classifies objects in the Solar system into 3 categories :\n1. Planet : a celestial body orbiting the Sun, with enough mass to assume a (nearly round) hydrostatic equilibrium shape, and that has \"cleared the neighbourhood\" around its orbit,\n2. Dwarf planet : a celestial body orbiting the Sun, with enough mass to assume a (nearly round) hydrostatic equilibrium shape, but that has not \"cleared the neighbourhood\" around its orbit and is not a satellite,\n3. Small Solar System Bodies : all other objects orbiting the sun that are not satellites.\n\nSmall Solar System Bodies of the Solar system include :\n- Moons : celestial bodies that orbit a planet or a dwarf planet,\n- Asteroids : rocky non-spherical left-over objects from the early formation of the Solar system. They travel around the sun and most of them are located within the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter,\n- Comets : icy bodies that can also contain minerals, rocks and dust left over from the formation of the solar system. They travel around the sun and can be found mostly beyond Neptune in the Kuiper Belt, as well as far beyond Pluto in the Oort cloud,\n- Meteoroids : objects in space that often come from other larger bodies such as comets, asteroids or even moons and planets. Meteoroids can be rocky, others can be metallic, or combinations of both. Their sizes range from dust grains to small asteroids.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the types of space objects ? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post or reply to texts, images and videos known as \"tweets\". Registered users can tweet, like, \"retweet\" tweets and direct message (DM), while unregistered users only have the ability to view public tweets. Users interact with Twitter through browser or mobile frontend software, or programmatically via its APIs.\n\nTwitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 and launched in July of that year. Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California and has more than 25 offices around the world. By 2012, more than 100 million users tweeted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has been described as \"the SMS of the Internet\". By the start of 2019, Twitter had more than 330 million monthly active users. In practice, the vast majority of tweets are tweeted by a minority of users. In 2020, it was estimated that approximately 48 million accounts (15% of all accounts) were fake.\n\nOn October 27, 2022, business magnate Elon Musk acquired Twitter, Inc. for US$44 billion, gaining control of the platform. On December 20, 2022, Musk announced he would step down as CEO once a replacement had been found. As of April 2023, Musk has yet to announce a successor and remains CEO. List the founders of Twitter from the above passage in a comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, Evan Williams",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post or reply to texts, images and videos known as "tweets". Registered users can tweet, like, "retweet" tweets and direct message (DM), while unregistered users only have the ability to view public tweets. Users interact with Twitter through browser or mobile frontend software, or programmatically via its APIs.
Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 and launched in July of that year. Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California and has more than 25 offices around the world. By 2012, more than 100 million users tweeted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has been described as "the SMS of the Internet". By the start of 2019, Twitter had more than 330 million monthly active users. In practice, the vast majority of tweets are tweeted by a minority of users. In 2020, it was estimated that approximately 48 million accounts (15% of all accounts) were fake.
On October 27, 2022, business magnate Elon Musk acquired Twitter, Inc. for US$44 billion, gaining control of the platform. On December 20, 2022, Musk announced he would step down as CEO once a replacement had been found. As of April 2023, Musk has yet to announce a successor and remains CEO. List the founders of Twitter from the above passage in a comma separated format. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some of the most memorable sports moments since the era of live television began?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Live television has brought thrilling moments that are remembered by many millions of sports fans. Nearly every major sport has seen one of the live tv moments. The last pitch of Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series was one of the earliest memorable baseball moments on live tv and in pro football \"the catch\" by 49er Dwight Clark in the 1981 NFC championship game was watched by millions. Michael Jordan's game winning shot in game 6 of the 1998 NBA finals and the Jack Nicklaus putt on the 17th hole of the 1986 Masters are also remembered by many basketball and golf fans. One of the most memorable sports moments may be the final seconds of the 1980 US Olympic hockey team's stunning upset of the Soviet Union with the great comment \"Do you believe in miracles?\" from broadcaster Al Michaels.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some of the most memorable sports moments since the era of live television began? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these sports use a ball or not: golf, gymnastics, boxing, soccer, football, wrestling",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Golf: Ball\nGymnastics: No Ball\nBoxing: No Ball\nSoccer: Ball\nFootball: Ball\nWrestling: No Ball",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these sports use a ball or not: golf, gymnastics, boxing, soccer, football, wrestling |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How should you care for grapes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Grapes like sandy soil that is not too wet, so make sure to let the ground dry between waterings. Grapes often grow far more fruit than they can sustainably produce. Prune them aggressively in the early spring before the sap starts to flow while it is still cold. One method of pruning is to leave two to four vine lengths with about 10-15 buds each from the last year's growth, and leave a joint for this years growth to grow. Wire these vine lengths up to your trellis, and enjoy the grapes in the fall!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How should you care for grapes? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the benefits of a high protein diet",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "High protein diets can have a lot of benefits. For one, if you are interested in muscle growth, protein helps with that, and a high protein diet can lead to increased muscle growth. Additionally, protein rich meals can help people stay full longer which can help decrease snacking leading to weight loss",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the benefits of a high protein diet |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is absolute URL?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The full Internet address of a page or other World Wide Web resource",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is absolute URL? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is Boston a great city?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Boston is a very historical city in the context of the development and history of the United State. Boston is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the Northeastern United States. The city boundaries encompass an area of about 48.4 sq mi (125 km2) and a population of 675,647 as of 2020. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest MSA in the country. \n\nBoston is one of the oldest municipalities in America, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution and the nation's founding, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the siege of Boston. Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635) first subway system (Tremont Street subway, 1897), and first large public library (Boston Public Library, 1848).\n\nToday, Boston is a center of scientific research; the area's many colleges and universities, notably Harvard and MIT, make it a world leader in higher education, including law, medicine, engineering and business, and the city is considered to be a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 5,000 startups. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States. Boston businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and new investment.\n\nBoston is a great city because it offers a lot of fun activities for all sorts of visitors; from families to adult getaways. Boston is a terrific walking city and historic Cambridge is just across the river. Boston has terrific historic sports teams; Red Sox professional base ball team play in historic Fenway Park, the Boston Celtics basket ball team and Boston Bruins, the professional hockey team plat in TD Garden.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is Boston a great city? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why did the US join WW2?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, ended the debate over American intervention in both the Pacific and European theaters of World War II. The day after the attack, Congress declared war on Imperial Japan with only a single dissenting vote. Germany and Italy— Japan’s allies—responded by declaring war against the United States. Faced with these realities and incensed by the attack on Pearl Harbor, everyday Americans enthusiastically supported the war effort. Isolation was no longer an option.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why did the US join WW2? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Pandemonium 2 is a psychedelic 2.5D game; specifically, it renders characters and environments with polygons and uses a 3D camera to create the appearance of 3-D, while gameplay is actually on a 2-D plane. Players can choose to be either Nikki or Fargus - who each have different specialties - with the option to change for each level. The player characters' abilities have been expanded over those in Pandemonium! with the ability to climb ropes, crawl, and pull themselves up ledges. During the quest, players can earn extra lives by collecting treasure.\n\nUnique powers collected during gameplay may replace, extend or add to previous powers, depending on which character is in play and which power has been obtained. The characters handle the unique powers differently. For instance, collecting the \"fire power\" allows Nikki to shoot destructive fireballs, while it grants Fargus invincibility and a deadly touch, but requires him to constantly move forward. Machines and equipment are also available throughout the game, although they are tied to certain areas. How does the \"fire power\" help Fargus?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It grants Fargus invincibility and a deadly touch.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pandemonium 2 is a psychedelic 2.5D game; specifically, it renders characters and environments with polygons and uses a 3D camera to create the appearance of 3-D, while gameplay is actually on a 2-D plane. Players can choose to be either Nikki or Fargus - who each have different specialties - with the option to change for each level. The player characters' abilities have been expanded over those in Pandemonium! with the ability to climb ropes, crawl, and pull themselves up ledges. During the quest, players can earn extra lives by collecting treasure.
Unique powers collected during gameplay may replace, extend or add to previous powers, depending on which character is in play and which power has been obtained. The characters handle the unique powers differently. For instance, collecting the "fire power" allows Nikki to shoot destructive fireballs, while it grants Fargus invincibility and a deadly touch, but requires him to constantly move forward. Machines and equipment are also available throughout the game, although they are tied to certain areas. How does the "fire power" help Fargus? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 127th season of the franchise; the 122nd in the National League. This was their eighth season at PNC Park. It was the first under new president Frank Coonelly, general manager Neal Huntington, and manager John Russell. Unable to improve on their 68–94, last place finish during the 2007 season, the Pirates had not had a winning record or made it to the playoffs since 1992, and finished 67–95 for their 16th straight losing season. The season was the final of play-by-play announcer Lanny Frattare, whose 33-year tenure as Pirates' broadcaster was the longest in franchise history. Given a reference text about the 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates season, what was their record for the season?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates finished the season with a record of 67-95.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 127th season of the franchise; the 122nd in the National League. This was their eighth season at PNC Park. It was the first under new president Frank Coonelly, general manager Neal Huntington, and manager John Russell. Unable to improve on their 68–94, last place finish during the 2007 season, the Pirates had not had a winning record or made it to the playoffs since 1992, and finished 67–95 for their 16th straight losing season. The season was the final of play-by-play announcer Lanny Frattare, whose 33-year tenure as Pirates' broadcaster was the longest in franchise history. Given a reference text about the 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates season, what was their record for the season? |
classification | [
{
"content": "As a firefighter, you commonly have the following items on you: ax, helmet, pants, jacket, oxygen tank, mask, gloves, boots, hose, shovel, light. Please tell me which of these you wear and which you carry.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "wear: helmet, pants, jacket, mask, gloves, boots\ncarry: ax, oxygen tank, hose, shovel, light",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| As a firefighter, you commonly have the following items on you: ax, helmet, pants, jacket, oxygen tank, mask, gloves, boots, hose, shovel, light. Please tell me which of these you wear and which you carry. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Mark Arminski is an American rock concert poster artist born in 1950 in Detroit, Michigan. He began studying art at the Oakland Community College and pursued printmaking in stone lithography at the Kalamazoo Institute of Arts. Rounding out his formal education was his stay at the Dynamic Graphics Education Foundation in Peoria, Illinois, where he studied computer generated art. Given this paragraph about Mark Arminski, why was he famous and what did he study last while still at school?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mark Arminski is an American rock concert poster artist. He finished his formal education studying computer generated art.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Mark Arminski is an American rock concert poster artist born in 1950 in Detroit, Michigan. He began studying art at the Oakland Community College and pursued printmaking in stone lithography at the Kalamazoo Institute of Arts. Rounding out his formal education was his stay at the Dynamic Graphics Education Foundation in Peoria, Illinois, where he studied computer generated art. Given this paragraph about Mark Arminski, why was he famous and what did he study last while still at school? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision. Consensus once held that today's baseball is a North American development from the older game rounders, popular among children in Great Britain and Ireland. American baseball historian David Block suggests that the game originated in England; recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of each other, and that the game's most direct antecedents are the English games of stoolball and \"tut-ball\". The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, by John Newbery. Block discovered that the first recorded game of \"Bass-Ball\" took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. This early form of the game was apparently brought to Canada by English immigrants.\n\nBy the early 1830s, there were reports of a variety of uncodified bat-and-ball games recognizable as early forms of baseball being played around North America. The first officially recorded baseball game in North America was played in Beachville, Ontario, Canada, on June 4, 1838. In 1845, Alexander Cartwright, a member of New York City's Knickerbocker Club, led the codification of the so-called Knickerbocker Rules, which in turn were based on rules developed in 1837 by William R. Wheaton of the Gotham Club. While there are reports that the New York Knickerbockers played games in 1845, the contest long recognized as the first officially recorded baseball game in U.S. history took place on June 19, 1846, in Hoboken, New Jersey: the \"New York Nine\" defeated the Knickerbockers, 23–1, in four innings. With the Knickerbocker code as the basis, the rules of modern baseball continued to evolve over the next half-century. By the time of the Civil War, baseball had begun to overtake its fellow bat-and-ball sport cricket in popularity within the United States, due in part to baseball being of a much shorter duration than the form of cricket played at the time, as well as the fact that troops during the Civil War did not need a specialized playing surface to play baseball, as they would have required for cricket. Give me a concise summary of the history of baseball",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Although the history of baseball cannot be determined with great precision, it is said that the game originated in England during the 1700s. The first official game to be played in North America took place in 1838 in Beachville, Ontario, Canada and in 1846 the first official game took place in the United States. The original rules of baseball, called the Knickerbocker Rules\" were established in 1845 and formed the basis of the rules of modern baseball that evolved over the following century.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision. Consensus once held that today's baseball is a North American development from the older game rounders, popular among children in Great Britain and Ireland. American baseball historian David Block suggests that the game originated in England; recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of each other, and that the game's most direct antecedents are the English games of stoolball and "tut-ball". The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, by John Newbery. Block discovered that the first recorded game of "Bass-Ball" took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. This early form of the game was apparently brought to Canada by English immigrants.
By the early 1830s, there were reports of a variety of uncodified bat-and-ball games recognizable as early forms of baseball being played around North America. The first officially recorded baseball game in North America was played in Beachville, Ontario, Canada, on June 4, 1838. In 1845, Alexander Cartwright, a member of New York City's Knickerbocker Club, led the codification of the so-called Knickerbocker Rules, which in turn were based on rules developed in 1837 by William R. Wheaton of the Gotham Club. While there are reports that the New York Knickerbockers played games in 1845, the contest long recognized as the first officially recorded baseball game in U.S. history took place on June 19, 1846, in Hoboken, New Jersey: the "New York Nine" defeated the Knickerbockers, 23–1, in four innings. With the Knickerbocker code as the basis, the rules of modern baseball continued to evolve over the next half-century. By the time of the Civil War, baseball had begun to overtake its fellow bat-and-ball sport cricket in popularity within the United States, due in part to baseball being of a much shorter duration than the form of cricket played at the time, as well as the fact that troops during the Civil War did not need a specialized playing surface to play baseball, as they would have required for cricket. Give me a concise summary of the history of baseball |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What sport did Troy Stradford play in college?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Troy Stradford played football at Boston College in the 1980s and went on to play professionally for the Miami Dolphins in the NFL.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What sport did Troy Stradford play in college? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Which countries are part of the five eyes alliance and what is its purpose?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Five Eyes is an intelligence alliance between the countries of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the United States.The goal is to share intelligence between one another in one of the worlds most unilateral agreement",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which countries are part of the five eyes alliance and what is its purpose? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are fun things to do in New York City",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Plan a trip to Central Park \n2. Go shopping on Fifth Avenue \n3. Get a New York City Bagel \n4. Take the Subway to visit the Statue of Liberty",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are fun things to do in New York City |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "When is tax day?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tax day usually refers to the day in the United States when tax forms must be submitted and paid for individual and businesses. It is typically April 15 or later.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| When is tax day? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Ritz Crackers is a brand of snack cracker introduced by Nabisco in 1934. The original style crackers are disc-shaped, lightly salted, and approximately 46 millimetres (1.8 in) in diameter.[citation needed]. Each cracker has seven perforations and a finely scalloped edge. Today, the Ritz cracker brand is owned by Mondelēz International.\n\nA single serving of the original cracker (about 5 crackers or 15 grams) provides 330 kilojoules (79 kilocalories) of food energy, 1 gram of protein, and 4 grams of fat; the whole wheat variety provides 290 kJ (70 kcal) and 2.5 grams of fat. Who owns Ritz Crackers?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ritz was originally owned by the consumer product brand Nabisco, although after changing ownership, it is owned by Mondelēz International.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Ritz Crackers is a brand of snack cracker introduced by Nabisco in 1934. The original style crackers are disc-shaped, lightly salted, and approximately 46 millimetres (1.8 in) in diameter.[citation needed]. Each cracker has seven perforations and a finely scalloped edge. Today, the Ritz cracker brand is owned by Mondelēz International.
A single serving of the original cracker (about 5 crackers or 15 grams) provides 330 kilojoules (79 kilocalories) of food energy, 1 gram of protein, and 4 grams of fat; the whole wheat variety provides 290 kJ (70 kcal) and 2.5 grams of fat. Who owns Ritz Crackers? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Provide a list of ways musicians can earn income from their music craft.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Paid live music performances\n\nEarning music royalties from your recorded music when it is commercially played, performed or streamed\n\nGetting paid music sync licensing fees for your recorded music to appear in TV, film, or video games\n\nArtist or band merchandise sales\n\nGetting paid to provide voice or instrument lessons to others looking to learn\n\nPaid artist endorsements or sponsorships for other products\n\nSale of no longer used or needed instruments or music equipment to others who can use them\n\nWriting, recording and delivering a commissioned song for a particular buyer to commemorate a special person or occasion",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Provide a list of ways musicians can earn income from their music craft. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Pick a few months with 31 days.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "January, March, May, July, August, October and December have 31 days.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pick a few months with 31 days. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Thomas William Dobbie (November 13, 1829 – April 1, 1908) was a Canadian civil engineer, provincial land surveyor and political figure. He represented Elgin East in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.\n\nHe was born in Bayham Township, Upper Canada in 1829, the son of Andrew Dobbie, a Scottish immigrant, and Martha Ann Bowlby. Dobbie was educated in Bayham township and London, Ontario. He served as reeve for the township from 1863 to 1867 and from 1876 to 1877. Dobbie lived in Tillsonburg.\n\nDobbie was married twice: to Susan Margaret Jones in 1872 and to Mary Hodgson in 1891. He died in Tillsonburg at the age of 78. Given a reference text about Thomas William Dobbie, tell me his nationality.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Thomas William Dobbie was Canadian.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Thomas William Dobbie (November 13, 1829 – April 1, 1908) was a Canadian civil engineer, provincial land surveyor and political figure. He represented Elgin East in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.
He was born in Bayham Township, Upper Canada in 1829, the son of Andrew Dobbie, a Scottish immigrant, and Martha Ann Bowlby. Dobbie was educated in Bayham township and London, Ontario. He served as reeve for the township from 1863 to 1867 and from 1876 to 1877. Dobbie lived in Tillsonburg.
Dobbie was married twice: to Susan Margaret Jones in 1872 and to Mary Hodgson in 1891. He died in Tillsonburg at the age of 78. Given a reference text about Thomas William Dobbie, tell me his nationality. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "what do you think makes Japan Unique",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Japanese food (Sushi, Ramen etc.) \n- Culture of minimalism and respect \n- Japanese work ethic \n- Japan consists of over 6000 islands \n- Japan has a 'suicide forest' \n- Japan has over 70,000 people who are over 100 years old \n- Japan has millions of vending machines\n- Japan's capital Tokyo is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| what do you think makes Japan Unique |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me the genre of each of the following books, choosing between science fiction, fantasy, or neither. \n\nThe Name of the Wind by Patrick Rothfuss, The Player of Games by Iain M. Banks, Crying in H Mart by Michelle Zauner, Crime and Punishment by Fyodr Dostoevsky, and Hyperion by Dan Simmons.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Player of Games and Hyperion are science fiction, The Name of the Wind is fantasy, and both Crying in H Mart and Crime and Punishment are neither of those genres.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me the genre of each of the following books, choosing between science fiction, fantasy, or neither.
The Name of the Wind by Patrick Rothfuss, The Player of Games by Iain M. Banks, Crying in H Mart by Michelle Zauner, Crime and Punishment by Fyodr Dostoevsky, and Hyperion by Dan Simmons. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name some books of the Bible.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some of the books of the Bible include: 1 Samuel, Lamentations, Song of Solomon, Genesis, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Esther, Proverbs",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name some books of the Bible. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following are considered hobbies: painting, hiking, rock climbing, peapod, bears, horse riding, chess, emails, clogs, board games, button, sewing, water bottle, keyboard, reading, soccer",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "painting, hiking, rock climbing, horse riding, chess, board games, reading, soccer",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following are considered hobbies: painting, hiking, rock climbing, peapod, bears, horse riding, chess, emails, clogs, board games, button, sewing, water bottle, keyboard, reading, soccer |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "List some of the historic Khals in A Song of Ice and Fire.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Khal Mengo, Khal Horro, Khal Qano, Khal Zeggo, Khal Temmo",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List some of the historic Khals in A Song of Ice and Fire. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What year was the first pizzeria in New York founded?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lombardi's Pizzeria in Little Italy in New York City claims to be the oldest NYC pizzeria and was opened in 1905.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What year was the first pizzeria in New York founded? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) is a database that provides a wealth of information about the 3D structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and other macromolecules. The database contains experimentally determined atomic coordinates for a large number of macromolecules, which can be used to study their structures, functions, and interactions. The RCSB PDB is widely used in genomics research and drug discovery, as it provides a valuable resource for understanding the structural basis of many biological processes and for designing new drugs that target specific macromolecules.\n\nIn addition to the atomic coordinates, the RCSB PDB contains a wealth of additional information about each macromolecule, including experimental methods used for structure determination, citations to relevant scientific literature, and information about biological function, sequence, and homology. The database also provides a variety of tools and resources for visualizing, analyzing, and downloading structural data, including a web-based viewer that allows users to interactively explore the 3D structures of macromolecules.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "I would like to go to Mystery Spot near Santa Cruz California. What can you tell me about the mystery surrounding the Mystery Spot and how should I plan for this trip?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It is great to hear that you are looking to go to Mystery Spot in Santa Cruz, California. During winter it can get chilly so layer up. The road leading up from South Bay is windy on 17 South and then goes through a thicker forest. Mystery Spot is a tourist attraction that was opened in 1939 by George Prather. You can sign up for a guided tour at https://www.mysteryspot.com/ and Mystery Spot is open year round. The tour is approx. 40 mins long and you discover that gravity doesn't behave like it should or what should be higher than you turns out to be at same height or lower. You make a steep quick climb to a tilted cabin on a tilted road and you feel disoriented and seem to be at a severe incline when you enter this cabin. While there are various hypotheses as to reason for these effects, the most likely explanation is some level of optical illusion as the road is tilted at a severe opposite angle to the tilted roof line and the inside of the cabin. I think a combination of gravity hill where you get the sensation you are climbing up the road when in reality you are going down and the odd tilted angles of the cabin causes severe optical illusion. It also causes humans to fall back on visual senses more and ignore other senses which might be counter acting what you see.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| I would like to go to Mystery Spot near Santa Cruz California. What can you tell me about the mystery surrounding the Mystery Spot and how should I plan for this trip? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "what are the benefit of meditation?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Meditation practice will train mind to focus on specific objects, like: breath or body sensation, which will relief brain from high dense thoughts or strong emotions. It can help brain calm down and be present in current situation. It will avoid the mind to get lost in past regrets or get too anxious in the future desire. This is not only help brain to get great rest, but also an efficient exercise for brain to rebuild the neuron cells and extend their connections.\nReports showed, even 15 mins daily meditation can greatly help people with mitigating nervous, pressure, sadness and almost all negative emotions. \nLong time mediation can lead mind in the \"deep calm down\" state, which can help people understanding things in the deep root and see things as they really are. These will be the foundation to trigger wisdom and enlightenment. \nJust like human boy need work out, human brain also need exercise, which is meditation. Meditation now becomes more and more popular and lots of people already get benefit from it and keep it as a daily exercise.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| what are the benefit of meditation? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Of the following, which are car parts, which are boat parts and which are both: tires, propeller, engine, rudder, sail, seat belts, head lights, and rear view mirrors.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tires, head lights, and rear view mirror are car parts. Propeller, rudder, and sail are boat parts. Engine and seat belts are part of both.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Of the following, which are car parts, which are boat parts and which are both: tires, propeller, engine, rudder, sail, seat belts, head lights, and rear view mirrors. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as something that should be kept private or shared publicly: credit card number, social security number, local news, weather forecast, bank account details",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Credit Card Number: Kept Private\nSocial Security Number: Kept Private\nLocal News: Shared Publicly\nWeather Forecast: Shared Publicly\nBank Account Details: Kept Private",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as something that should be kept private or shared publicly: credit card number, social security number, local news, weather forecast, bank account details |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of Australia). The Moon is a planetary-mass object with a differentiated rocky body, making it a satellite planet under the geophysical definitions of the term and larger than all known dwarf planets of the Solar System.It lacks any significant atmosphere, hydrosphere, or magnetic field. Its surface gravity is about one-sixth of Earth's at 0.1654 g, with Jupiter's moon Io being the only satellite in the Solar System known to have a higher surface gravity and density.\n\nThe Moon orbits Earth at an average distance of 384,400 km (238,900 mi), or about 30 times Earth's diameter. Its gravitational influence is the main driver of Earth's tides and very slowly lengthens Earth's day. The Moon's orbit around Earth has a sidereal period of 27.3 days. During each synodic period of 29.5 days, the amount of visible surface illuminated by the Sun varies from none up to 100%, resulting in lunar phases that form the basis for the months of a lunar calendar. The Moon is tidally locked to Earth, which means that the length of a full rotation of the Moon on its own axis causes its same side (the near side) to always face Earth, and the somewhat longer lunar day is the same as the synodic period. However, 59% of the total lunar surface can be seen from Earth through cyclical shifts in perspective known as libration.\n\nThe most widely accepted origin explanation posits that the Moon formed 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth, out of the debris from a giant impact between the planet and a hypothesized Mars-sized body called Theia. It then receded to a wider orbit because of tidal interaction with the Earth. The near side of the Moon is marked by dark volcanic maria (\"seas\"), which fill the spaces between bright ancient crustal highlands and prominent impact craters. Most of the large impact basins and mare surfaces were in place by the end of the Imbrian period, some three billion years ago. The lunar surface is fairly non-reflective, with the reflectance of lunar soil being comparable to that of asphalt. However, due to its large angular diameter, the full moon is the brightest celestial object in the night sky. The Moon's apparent size is nearly the same as that of the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun almost completely during a total solar eclipse.\n\nBoth the Moon's prominence in Earth's sky and its regular cycle of phases have provided cultural references and influences for human societies throughout history. Such influences can be found in language, calendar systems, art, and mythology. The first artificial object to reach the Moon was the Soviet Union's uncrewed Luna 2 spacecraft in 1959; this was followed by the first successful soft landing by Luna 9 in 1966. The only human lunar missions to date have been those of the United States' Apollo program, which landed twelve men on the surface between 1969 and 1972. These and later uncrewed missions returned lunar rocks that have been used to develop a detailed geological understanding of the Moon's origins, internal structure, and subsequent history. The Moon is the only celestial body visited by humans. Can you extract the 5 most important characteristics of the moon from this literature in a single paragraph?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The moon is the unique earth satellite, approximately a fourth of earth's size, 4.51 years old, only celestial body visited by humans, and orbit around earth in 27.3 days.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of Australia). The Moon is a planetary-mass object with a differentiated rocky body, making it a satellite planet under the geophysical definitions of the term and larger than all known dwarf planets of the Solar System.It lacks any significant atmosphere, hydrosphere, or magnetic field. Its surface gravity is about one-sixth of Earth's at 0.1654 g, with Jupiter's moon Io being the only satellite in the Solar System known to have a higher surface gravity and density.
The Moon orbits Earth at an average distance of 384,400 km (238,900 mi), or about 30 times Earth's diameter. Its gravitational influence is the main driver of Earth's tides and very slowly lengthens Earth's day. The Moon's orbit around Earth has a sidereal period of 27.3 days. During each synodic period of 29.5 days, the amount of visible surface illuminated by the Sun varies from none up to 100%, resulting in lunar phases that form the basis for the months of a lunar calendar. The Moon is tidally locked to Earth, which means that the length of a full rotation of the Moon on its own axis causes its same side (the near side) to always face Earth, and the somewhat longer lunar day is the same as the synodic period. However, 59% of the total lunar surface can be seen from Earth through cyclical shifts in perspective known as libration.
The most widely accepted origin explanation posits that the Moon formed 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth, out of the debris from a giant impact between the planet and a hypothesized Mars-sized body called Theia. It then receded to a wider orbit because of tidal interaction with the Earth. The near side of the Moon is marked by dark volcanic maria ("seas"), which fill the spaces between bright ancient crustal highlands and prominent impact craters. Most of the large impact basins and mare surfaces were in place by the end of the Imbrian period, some three billion years ago. The lunar surface is fairly non-reflective, with the reflectance of lunar soil being comparable to that of asphalt. However, due to its large angular diameter, the full moon is the brightest celestial object in the night sky. The Moon's apparent size is nearly the same as that of the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun almost completely during a total solar eclipse.
Both the Moon's prominence in Earth's sky and its regular cycle of phases have provided cultural references and influences for human societies throughout history. Such influences can be found in language, calendar systems, art, and mythology. The first artificial object to reach the Moon was the Soviet Union's uncrewed Luna 2 spacecraft in 1959; this was followed by the first successful soft landing by Luna 9 in 1966. The only human lunar missions to date have been those of the United States' Apollo program, which landed twelve men on the surface between 1969 and 1972. These and later uncrewed missions returned lunar rocks that have been used to develop a detailed geological understanding of the Moon's origins, internal structure, and subsequent history. The Moon is the only celestial body visited by humans. Can you extract the 5 most important characteristics of the moon from this literature in a single paragraph? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you play chess?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Chess is a two-person board game, where the objective of the game is to capture your opponents King. The King is just one of sixteen pieces that each player can use during the game. The other fifteen pieces include: Eight pawns, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and a queen. The pieces are placed on an eight by eight, square board in a fixed starting position. The game begins by the player using the white pieces moving one of their pieces to another square. Each player will then alternate playing one move turns. Each piece has a set of legal moves that it can perform. For example, a bishop can only move diagonally on squares of its same color, whereas rooks can only move vertically or horizontally. The goal of the game is to use your pieces in a strategic manner that ultimately leads to your opponent's King being captured. The most common way to achieve this is by using your pieces to capture your opponent's pieces that are defending the King, and then exploiting this weakness to attack the King. While it's important to play on the offensive, it's equally as important to understand your opponent's strategy, so that you can properly defend against their attempts to capture your own King.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you play chess? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Finland has had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995. Given this paragraph about the Republic of Finland becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) what year did it start a formal relations with NATO?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Finland has started the formal relationship with NATO in 1994 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program. However it wasn't a NATO member up until April 4 2023 when it became an official member of NATO.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Finland has had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995. Given this paragraph about the Republic of Finland becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) what year did it start a formal relations with NATO? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (of 1962) (Spanish: Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, the Caribbean Crisis (Russian: Карибский кризис, tr. Karibsky krizis, IPA: [kɐˈrʲipskʲɪj ˈkrʲizʲɪs]) in Russia, or the Missile Scare, was a 35-day (October 16 – November 20, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, which escalated into an international crisis when American deployments of missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of similar ballistic missiles in Cuba. Despite the short time frame, the Cuban Missile Crisis remains a defining moment in national security and nuclear war preparation. The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. Given a reference text about the Cuban Missile Crisis, when did the crisis occur and how long did it last?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Cuban Missile crises lasted 35 days, from October 16 to November 20, 1962.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (of 1962) (Spanish: Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, the Caribbean Crisis (Russian: Карибский кризис, tr. Karibsky krizis, IPA: [kɐˈrʲipskʲɪj ˈkrʲizʲɪs]) in Russia, or the Missile Scare, was a 35-day (October 16 – November 20, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, which escalated into an international crisis when American deployments of missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of similar ballistic missiles in Cuba. Despite the short time frame, the Cuban Missile Crisis remains a defining moment in national security and nuclear war preparation. The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. Given a reference text about the Cuban Missile Crisis, when did the crisis occur and how long did it last? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Greenmantle is the second of five novels by John Buchan featuring the character Richard Hannay. It was first published in 1916 by Hodder & Stoughton, London. It is one of two Hannay novels set during the First World War, the other being Mr Standfast (1919); Hannay's first and best-known adventure, The Thirty-Nine Steps (1915), is set in the period immediately preceding the war. Given this paragraph, who wrote \"Greenmantle?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "John Buchan",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Greenmantle is the second of five novels by John Buchan featuring the character Richard Hannay. It was first published in 1916 by Hodder & Stoughton, London. It is one of two Hannay novels set during the First World War, the other being Mr Standfast (1919); Hannay's first and best-known adventure, The Thirty-Nine Steps (1915), is set in the period immediately preceding the war. Given this paragraph, who wrote "Greenmantle?" |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Salesforce Tower, formerly known as Transbay Tower, is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. Its main tenant is Salesforce, a cloud-based software company. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m). What is the tallest building in the city of San Francisco?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Salesforce Tower is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Salesforce Tower, formerly known as Transbay Tower, is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. Its main tenant is Salesforce, a cloud-based software company. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m). What is the tallest building in the city of San Francisco? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How many squares does a chessboard have?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "64",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many squares does a chessboard have? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which vegetable do sailors hate the most?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Leeks!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which vegetable do sailors hate the most? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "What are your views on the \"First Principles\" by \"Thomas E. Ricks\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. The author has very nicely articulated how our founders fought for independence and founded US constitution. It also looks into how they were influenced by Greek and Roman history in shaping the future US.\nDefinitely worthwhile and well beyond a refresher, filled with interesting bits, especially early on about Washington's role in the French and Indian war, also the role of the Scottish educators in the early American colleges.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are your views on the "First Principles" by "Thomas E. Ricks" |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a haiku about a naughty cat.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Paws on the counter\nMy glass crashes to the floor\nMy cat is naughty",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a haiku about a naughty cat. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the below items based on the type of current they use, AC or DC.\ncharging of batteries, fans, bulbs, air conditioners",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "AC: fans, bulbs, air conditioners\nDC: charging of batteries",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the below items based on the type of current they use, AC or DC.
charging of batteries, fans, bulbs, air conditioners |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Who is the most popular president ever in the USA?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most popular president ever in the USA is Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was president from 1933 to 1945 and is remembered for his New Deal programs that helped to improve the economy and the lives of Americans during the Great Depression.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the most popular president ever in the USA? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Grafana?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Grafana is a multi-platform open source analytics and interactive visualization web application. It provides charts, graphs, and alerts for the web when connected to supported data sources.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Grafana? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do people in Pittsburgh say \"you all\"?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "People that speak with a Pittsburgh accent typically pronounce \"you all\" as \"yinz\". This is a unique feature of the infamous Pittsburgh accent, and is a source of pride and unity in the city of Pittsburgh.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do people in Pittsburgh say "you all"? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How old do you have to be to get your pilot's license in the United States.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The answer varies based on type of license and type of aircraft. But the most common Private Pilot License for fixed wing aircraft has a minimum age of 17 years.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How old do you have to be to get your pilot's license in the United States. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Which of the following instruments are brass instruments? Flute, trumpet, clarinet, piano, French horn, guitar.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The trumpet and French horn are brass instruments, which also includes the trombone and tuba.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following instruments are brass instruments? Flute, trumpet, clarinet, piano, French horn, guitar. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the most famous landmark in Cologne?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most famous landmark in Cologne is the Cologne Cathedral. The construction of the cathedral started in 1248 and was finished in 1880. The cathedral is famous for its gothic architecture. It is located in the center of the city of Cologne. More than 20.000 tourists visit the cathedral every day.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the most famous landmark in Cologne? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Any change or edit that manipulates content in a way that deliberately compromises Wikipedia's integrity is considered vandalism. The most common and obvious types of vandalism include additions of obscenities and crude humor; it can also include advertising and other types of spam. Sometimes editors commit vandalism by removing content or entirely blanking a given page. Less common types of vandalism, such as the deliberate addition of plausible but false information, can be more difficult to detect. Vandals can introduce irrelevant formatting, modify page semantics such as the page's title or categorization, manipulate the article's underlying code, or use images disruptively. what are some types of vandalism?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some types of vandalism are obscenities and crude humor, advertising, deliberate addition of plausible but false information, and irrelevant formatting.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Any change or edit that manipulates content in a way that deliberately compromises Wikipedia's integrity is considered vandalism. The most common and obvious types of vandalism include additions of obscenities and crude humor; it can also include advertising and other types of spam. Sometimes editors commit vandalism by removing content or entirely blanking a given page. Less common types of vandalism, such as the deliberate addition of plausible but false information, can be more difficult to detect. Vandals can introduce irrelevant formatting, modify page semantics such as the page's title or categorization, manipulate the article's underlying code, or use images disruptively. what are some types of vandalism? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Are plastic bags and containers bad for the environment?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In short, yes.\n\nSurprisingly, though, that has not always been the consensus, and in some cases, it is not true.\n\nIn the 1970s energy crisis, reducing the weight of materials, and increasing the shelf life of goods (which helps with optimizing transportation methods) were widely lauded as environmentally positive. In short, paper bags weigh more than plastic bags, and transportation requires fossil fuels, and of course fossil fuels impact the environment in widely documented ways.\n\nAlso, some plastics like PET have great recycling track records. So if it reduces energy consumption, increases shelf life, and can be recycled it seems like a huge environmental win.\n\nHowever, plastics are very durable, and now micro-plastics are everywhere. They are in the deepest ocean trenches, accumulated in many species of animals and plants, and will be for our lifetimes. Their toxicity and negative impacts are just beginning to be understood. This has driven the removal of \"single use plastics\" from a lot of commerce, with further reductions called for by environmental groups worldwide.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Are plastic bags and containers bad for the environment? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift has come in dispute with her former record label, Big Machine Records, its founder Scott Borchetta, and new owner Scooter Braun, over the ownership of the master recordings of her first six studio albums. It is a highly publicized conflict, drawing widespread attention and media coverage since its ignition in 2019. Given this paragraph about Taylor Swift re-recording her masters, who was responsible for the controversy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Scooter Braun.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift has come in dispute with her former record label, Big Machine Records, its founder Scott Borchetta, and new owner Scooter Braun, over the ownership of the master recordings of her first six studio albums. It is a highly publicized conflict, drawing widespread attention and media coverage since its ignition in 2019. Given this paragraph about Taylor Swift re-recording her masters, who was responsible for the controversy? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a paragraph about AI governance.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The AI arms race is heating up, and breakthroughs are happening at an accelerating pace.\n\nThe release of ChatGPT by OpenAI represents a profound leap forward in how humans interface with machines, showcasing the startling progress in large language models. Meanwhile generative AI capabilities such as Dall-E, Stable Diffusion, and Midjourney are able to generate highly realistic and detailed images from text descriptions, demonstrating a level of creativity and imagination that was once thought to be exclusively human.\n\nHumans seem fundamentally wired to continuously advance technology and improve our knowledge and capabilities. Also, the human brain tends to think linearly, causing us to underestimate the exponential progress of technology. Companies and nations are incentivized by market forces and geopolitical game theory to pursue better intelligence through the advancement of AI.\n\nThe Future of Life Institute recently published Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter. The letter — with notable signatories including Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and Andrew Yang — caused a stir, calling for a 6 month pause on advanced AI development:\n\n“Therefore, we call on all AI labs to immediately pause for at least 6 months the training of AI systems more powerful than GPT-4. This pause should be public and verifiable, and include all key actors. If such a pause cannot be enacted quickly, governments should step in and institute a moratorium.”\n\nMuch of the media and public discourse in response to this letter has focused on who signed it and pushing back on the notion that humanity faces an imminent existential threat of artificial superintelligence. Dystopian claims of runaway artificial intelligence seem hyperbolic to many people, and calling for a 6 month moratorium is not realistic. Good luck convincing China to “pause” their efforts in the AI arms race.\n\nBut are there no boundaries? Should we proceed with no guidelines?\n\nFor example …\n\nAre we comfortable outsourcing decisions to black box AI systems that lack transparency and explainability, making it impossible for humans to understand the reasoning behind decisions?\nShould we be worried about the development of AI-powered autonomous weapons that make decisions about the use of lethal force without human input?\nShould we be worried about the potential for malicious actors to use AI for nefarious purposes, such as sophisticated propaganda campaigns?\nAre our current laws, regulations and political systems equipped to handle the rapid influx of new AI alignment questions that society will grapple with in the very near future?\nAs AI becomes more advanced, it may become difficult to understand, which could lead to unintended outcomes. AI systems can behave in ways that are unforeseen and difficult to control. The AI alignment problem is a societal challenge that requires collaboration between researchers, engineers, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and the public. It will also require international cooperation between governments and the private sector. This is not just a technical challenge, but also a philosophical and ethical one.\n\nThe open letter mentioned above goes on to recommend:\n\n“AI research and development should be refocused on making today’s powerful, state-of-the-art systems more accurate, safe, interpretable, transparent, robust, aligned, trustworthy, and loyal.”\n\nThis is certainly a worthy goal, and it can be achieved by doing AI in the open. What we currently lack is a framework. Society needs a set of procedures and protocols to make the recommendation from The Future of Life Institute actionable.\n\nJointly, we must consider and debate the pros and cons of many ideas, including but not limited to:\n\nMandatory disclosure of model details, including training datasets, evaluation methodologies, and known biases\nDevelopment of a framework that establishes model monitoring and audit requirements for advanced AI systems\nImplementation of laws that impose liability for AI-caused harm\nEstablishment of a regulatory authority for oversight and tracking of highly capable AI systems\nThe first step in achieving a productive framework for safe AI development is an open dialogue among the many stakeholders involved, which includes everyone. We must rise above the hyper-politicized discourse that our dishonest and broken media often forces upon us. This topic is too important and the ramifications are too profound. Join me in advocating for an intelligent and respectful conversation on AI — one that solicits input and open debate from a diverse set of voices to help ensure a path forward that is in our collective best interest.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a paragraph about AI governance. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "When was the first iPhone released to the public?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "June 29, 2007",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| When was the first iPhone released to the public? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Robert Gordon Orr OC (born March 20, 1948) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest of all time. Orr used his ice skating speed, scoring, and play-making abilities to revolutionize the position of defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 12 seasons, the first 10 with the Boston Bruins, followed by two with the Chicago Black Hawks. Orr remains the only defenceman to have won the league scoring title with two Art Ross Trophies. He holds the record for most points and assists in a single season by a defenceman. Orr won a record eight consecutive Norris Trophies as the NHL's best defenceman and three consecutive Hart Trophies as the league's most valuable player (MVP). Orr was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1979 at age 31, the youngest to be inducted at that time. In 2017, Orr was named by the National Hockey League as one of the \"100 Greatest NHL Players\" in history. What team did Bobby Orr play for in his 5th season?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bobby Orr played for the Boston Bruins in his 5th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).\n\nHe played in the NHL for 12 seasons, the first 10 with the Boston Bruins, followed by two with the Chicago Black Hawks.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Robert Gordon Orr OC (born March 20, 1948) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest of all time. Orr used his ice skating speed, scoring, and play-making abilities to revolutionize the position of defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 12 seasons, the first 10 with the Boston Bruins, followed by two with the Chicago Black Hawks. Orr remains the only defenceman to have won the league scoring title with two Art Ross Trophies. He holds the record for most points and assists in a single season by a defenceman. Orr won a record eight consecutive Norris Trophies as the NHL's best defenceman and three consecutive Hart Trophies as the league's most valuable player (MVP). Orr was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1979 at age 31, the youngest to be inducted at that time. In 2017, Orr was named by the National Hockey League as one of the "100 Greatest NHL Players" in history. What team did Bobby Orr play for in his 5th season? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. Who won March Madness?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "UConn Huskies won the 2023 NCAA Division 1 men's basketball tournament defeating San Diego State Aztecs, 76-59. This tournament is popularly known as March Madness.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. Who won March Madness? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "As the processing power of graphics cards increased, so did their demand for electrical power. Current high-performance graphics cards tend to consume large amounts of power. For example, the thermal design power (TDP) for the GeForce Titan RTX is 280 watts. When tested with video games, the GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition averaged 300 watts of power consumption. While CPU and power supply manufacturers have recently aimed toward higher efficiency, power demands of graphics cards continued to rise, with the largest power consumption of any individual part in a computer. Although power supplies have also increased their power output, the bottleneck occurs in the PCI-Express connection, which is limited to supplying 75 watts. From the passage provided, extract the power consumption of a GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition averaged 300 watts of power consumption.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| As the processing power of graphics cards increased, so did their demand for electrical power. Current high-performance graphics cards tend to consume large amounts of power. For example, the thermal design power (TDP) for the GeForce Titan RTX is 280 watts. When tested with video games, the GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition averaged 300 watts of power consumption. While CPU and power supply manufacturers have recently aimed toward higher efficiency, power demands of graphics cards continued to rise, with the largest power consumption of any individual part in a computer. Although power supplies have also increased their power output, the bottleneck occurs in the PCI-Express connection, which is limited to supplying 75 watts. From the passage provided, extract the power consumption of a GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who was the last king of the Reach before Aegon's Conquest?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mern IX Gardener was the last king of the Reach. When the last of the Gardener's lineage died, the house went extinct and the Reach was assigned to House Tyrell to rule.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who was the last king of the Reach before Aegon's Conquest? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "which countries has the most diverse food?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Countries with vast areas with various geological structures, profound histories, or chill life styles usually have a wide diversity of food choices. For example, China has 3.7 million square miles area and over 50 different ethnitical groups. Each ethnicity has its own culture and living styles, thus different cuisine styles and tastes. The United States is another example with almost 3.8 million square miles of area and immigrants from all over the world. As a results, the immigrants and their descendants bring in food culture from their original heritage that creates a huge variety of choices in the US. South European areas like Rome have stellar reputation for their food too. When it comes to pizza, pasta, seafood, coffee and gelato, no one could say no when visiting Italy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| which countries has the most diverse food? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following numbers is a irrational number: -200, -1.5, -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 200, pi, e, sqrt(-1)?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Square root of -1 is an irrational number",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following numbers is a irrational number: -200, -1.5, -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 200, pi, e, sqrt(-1)? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these states are in Eastern Time, Central Time, or neither",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "California, Oregon, Connecticut, Washington, Texas, Hawaii",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these states are in Eastern Time, Central Time, or neither |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Edison famous for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Inventing the light bulb",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Edison famous for? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the right time to do workouts or yoga?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The physical activities like Workouts and Yoga are best performed when one is light on stomach - hence early morning or evenings are usually the most appropriate time in general. However, the most important thing is, one should find time everyday to do some kind of physical exercise to maintain a healthy body.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the right time to do workouts or yoga? |
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