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open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a haiku?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The haiku is a traditional Japanese poem that has seventeen syllables and follows a specific structure. It is composed of three lines with five, then seven, then five syllables, such as:\n\nFlowers will bloom soon,\nAir warms and sun shines brightly,\nPink leaves will fall next.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a haiku? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you score three points in basketball?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You score three points by making a basket from beyond the three point line, which is an arc which is drawn around each basket. By sinking the ball from far away from the basket, you are rewarded with an extra point.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you score three points in basketball? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Mussa Azzan Zungu (born 25 May 1952) is a Tanzanian CCM politician and Deputy Speaker of Tanzania National Assembly. He's also current Member of Parliament for Ilala constituency since 2005.\n\nHe has continued to retain the parliamentary seat in 2010 & 2015. He was appointed as the Minister of State in the Vice President's office on January 24, 2020 and server for 6 months before the parliament was dissolved on June 16, 2020. He is now the Deputy Speaker following the resignation of the former Speaker Job Ndugai, and the, by then, Deputy Speaker Dr. Tulia Ackson elected to become current Speaker of the Parliament. Given a reference text about Mussa Azzan Zungu, tell me his current position.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mussa Azzan Zungu's current position is Deputy Speaker of Tanzania National Assembly.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Mussa Azzan Zungu (born 25 May 1952) is a Tanzanian CCM politician and Deputy Speaker of Tanzania National Assembly. He's also current Member of Parliament for Ilala constituency since 2005.
He has continued to retain the parliamentary seat in 2010 & 2015. He was appointed as the Minister of State in the Vice President's office on January 24, 2020 and server for 6 months before the parliament was dissolved on June 16, 2020. He is now the Deputy Speaker following the resignation of the former Speaker Job Ndugai, and the, by then, Deputy Speaker Dr. Tulia Ackson elected to become current Speaker of the Parliament. Given a reference text about Mussa Azzan Zungu, tell me his current position. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Octofone, Suona",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Octofone is string, Suona is woodwind.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Octofone, Suona |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Which of these animals is not a bear: brown bear, black bear, polar bear, koala bear, panda bear.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The answer is koala bear. Despite the name, the “koala bear” is actually a marsupial, not a bear.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of these animals is not a bear: brown bear, black bear, polar bear, koala bear, panda bear. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Giovanni Dominici (c. 1355 – 10 June 1419) was an Italian Catholic prelate and Dominican who became a cardinal. His ideas had a profound influence on the art of Fra Angelico who entered the order through him. But he once encountered difficulties becoming a friar due to a speech impairment that his superiors believed would rule him ineligible for both profession and the priesthood. Dominici became a noted theologian and preacher and was tireless in establishing monasteries and convents in cities such as Fiesole and Lucca.\n\nHe attempted to resign his cardinalate in 1415 during the Council of Constance after he succeeded in convincing the pope to abdicate in order to end the Western Schism. But the Council refused to accept his resignation though he had resigned from the archbishopric that he held. He spent the remainder of his life as a papal legate for Pope Martin V until he died in Buda.\n\nHe had been first named as a Blessed since 1622 though he had not been recognized as such until he was beatified on 9 April 1832.[ Given a reference text about Giovanni Dominici, when was he beatified?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Giovanni Dominici was beatified on April 9, 1832.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Giovanni Dominici (c. 1355 – 10 June 1419) was an Italian Catholic prelate and Dominican who became a cardinal. His ideas had a profound influence on the art of Fra Angelico who entered the order through him. But he once encountered difficulties becoming a friar due to a speech impairment that his superiors believed would rule him ineligible for both profession and the priesthood. Dominici became a noted theologian and preacher and was tireless in establishing monasteries and convents in cities such as Fiesole and Lucca.
He attempted to resign his cardinalate in 1415 during the Council of Constance after he succeeded in convincing the pope to abdicate in order to end the Western Schism. But the Council refused to accept his resignation though he had resigned from the archbishopric that he held. He spent the remainder of his life as a papal legate for Pope Martin V until he died in Buda.
He had been first named as a Blessed since 1622 though he had not been recognized as such until he was beatified on 9 April 1832.[ Given a reference text about Giovanni Dominici, when was he beatified? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Did dinosaurs have lips?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Recent research suggests that the popular perception that dinosaurs had exposed teeth may be incorrect, and the current hypothesis is that the Tyrannosaurus rex did indeed have lips. A 2023 study by Dr Mark Witton of the University of Portsmouth said popular depictions of dinosaurs in movies like Jurassic Park are out of date. The study examined a large tooth that had spent over 500 days in the mouth of a Tyrannosaurus rex with no evidence of substantial wear, which is consistent with all findings of teeth found in the theropod family of dinosaurs. When contrasted with alligators and crocodiles, who have no lips and have more easily damaged teeth the theory says the evidence points to theropods, including Tyrannosaurus rex did indeed have lips. There would have been expected to be wear on the thin enamel on the teeth far more consistent with modern animals like crocodiles if dinosaurs had no lips.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Did dinosaurs have lips? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why does the Earth revolve around the Sun?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Earth revolves around the Sun due to gravity. The more mass an object has, the greater its gravitational pull on other objects. The most massive object in the solar system is the sun, which is actually one of the larger yellow dwarf stars in the universe. With a mass of 1.98892 x 10 to the 30th power kilograms, the sun has approximately 333,000 times more mass than Earth. Because the gravitational pull of the sun is so much more than the Earth's gravitational pull, the Earth is forced into an orbit around the sun.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why does the Earth revolve around the Sun? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "How many times Lewis Hamilton won the F1 Championship ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "7 times",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many times Lewis Hamilton won the F1 Championship ? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as \"heavy\" or \"light\": elephant, feather, hippo, paper, whale",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Elephant: Heavy\nFeather: Light\nHippo: Heavy\nPaper: Light\nWhale: Heavy",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as "heavy" or "light": elephant, feather, hippo, paper, whale |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Ford Pinto is a subcompact car that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company in North America from 1971 until 1980 model years. The Pinto was the first subcompact vehicle produced by Ford in North America. What was the last year the Ford Pinto was manufactured",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ford stopped manufacturing the Pinto in 1980",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Ford Pinto is a subcompact car that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company in North America from 1971 until 1980 model years. The Pinto was the first subcompact vehicle produced by Ford in North America. What was the last year the Ford Pinto was manufactured |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why does treasury bond price drop when bond yield increases?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "First, let's see the definition of a bond's price and yield. A bond's price is what investors are willing to pay for an existing bond. A bond's yield is the return to an investor from the bond's interest, or coupon, payments. The typical treasury bond has a fixed yield for X years (X = 5, 10, etc) from the time it is purchased. When we say bond yield increases, it is referring to the newly issued bond will have a higher yield than previously issued bond. Because those new bonds provide higher yield, the existing bonds will need to drop its price otherwise people won't buy them, they would just buy the newly issued bonds.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why does treasury bond price drop when bond yield increases? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "How do you make an Old Fashioned Cocktail?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Making an Old Fashioned consists of five steps. The ingredients for an Old Fashioned cocktail include your choice of bourbon or rye, an orange, aromatic bitters, a sugar cube, a dash of soda water, Luxardo cherry and ice.\n\nFirst, grab your cocktail glass and add two dashes of aromatic bitters along with a spritz of soda water and the sugar cube.\nSecond, add an ounce and a half of your choice of bourbon or rye.\nThird, add ice and stir for around 30 seconds.\nFourth, peel an orange, express the oils over the glass and drop it in.\nFifth, add the Luxardo cherry and enjoy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you make an Old Fashioned Cocktail? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Who would be your starting five on your current NBA team?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "My starting five is not determined by who would be the best statistical performer at each position but more made up of which group of players I think would be the most fun to watch while also being a championship contender. To start, let's get the elephant out of the room, the big man down under has to be Joel Embiid for me. Offensively he is one of the best players in the league, no questions asked. Defensively, when he can stay out of foul trouble, he could easily make a run at DPOY (Defensive Player of the Year). At the 4, im still going big because of this mans ability to move his feet. Jokic is a 280lb ballerina with Einstein'esque IQ and court vision like an owl. At the 3, I need a lock down defender and a court runner, oh, and two time MVP in Giannis Antetoukoumpo. I doubt this front court would be allowed to share an elevator. For my back court I need to support this tremendous front court cast with shooters and passers. Im going to pair Lamelo Ball with Luka Doncic to further bolster the teams height (avgs 6'9). Lamelo and Luka can both knock down the three ball, get to the paint off the dribble, execute the pick and roll flawlessly and are 6'6 and 6'7 respectively. This group should have no problem taking on any other 5 in the league and probably any historically.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who would be your starting five on your current NBA team? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "List five titles by Margaret Atwood.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Handmaid's Tale, The Testaments, The Edible Woman, Oryx and Crake, The Year of the Flood",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List five titles by Margaret Atwood. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The first hammer forge was probably built in 1482 on the River Ohra. In 1592 the mill was bought by Tobias Albrecht, since when it has been named after him. The works originally had three huge iron hammers which were raised by the motion of a water wheel.\n\nThe mill made iron products such as scythes, sickles, ploughshares, lances and swords. Later, it also carried out copper processing; washbowls, washtubs, kettle drums, brewing implements, pots, cans and pans were made. The kettle drums, which were produced into the late 20th century, were made from a single piece of copper, forged under the tilt hammer and still set a standard today in terms of their sound. List me some important facts about Tobiashammer from given text",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. On the River Ohra, the first hammer forge was probably constructed around 1482.\n2. Tobias Albrecht purchased the mill in 1592, and ever since, it has carried his name.\n3. The factory's three enormous iron hammers, which were elevated by the rotation of a water wheel, were originally installed.\n4. The mill produced iron tools like lances, scythes, sickles, and ploughshares.\n5. Later, it also engaged in copper processing; pots, cans, pans, brewing equipment, kettle drums, washbowls, and washtubs were produced.\n6. The single-piece copper kettle drums, which were forged with the tilt hammer and produced until the late 20th century, set a standard for sound even today.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The first hammer forge was probably built in 1482 on the River Ohra. In 1592 the mill was bought by Tobias Albrecht, since when it has been named after him. The works originally had three huge iron hammers which were raised by the motion of a water wheel.
The mill made iron products such as scythes, sickles, ploughshares, lances and swords. Later, it also carried out copper processing; washbowls, washtubs, kettle drums, brewing implements, pots, cans and pans were made. The kettle drums, which were produced into the late 20th century, were made from a single piece of copper, forged under the tilt hammer and still set a standard today in terms of their sound. List me some important facts about Tobiashammer from given text |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of the best bikes for riding on roads.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The best bikes for riding on the road are Cervelo, BMC, Pinarello, Specialized and Felt.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of the best bikes for riding on roads. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Palmitoyl-CoA?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Palmitoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA thioester. It is an \"activated\" form of palmitic acid and can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix by the carnitine shuttle system (which transports fatty acyl-CoA molecules into the mitochondria), and once inside can participate in beta-oxidation. Alternatively, palmitoyl-CoA is used as a substrate in the biosynthesis of sphingosine (this biosynthetic pathway does not require transfer into the mitochondria).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Palmitoyl-CoA? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "ProSavin is an experimental drug believed to be of use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is administered to the striatum in the brain, inducing production of dopamine.\n\nIt is manufactured by Oxford BioMedica. Results from a Phase I/II clinical trial were published in the Lancet and showed safety, but little efficacy. ProSavin was superseded by AXO-Lenti-PD (OXB-102), an optimized version of the drug. What is ProSavin",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "ProSavin is an experimental drug believed to be of use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is administered to the striatum in the brain, inducing production of dopamine.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| ProSavin is an experimental drug believed to be of use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is administered to the striatum in the brain, inducing production of dopamine.
It is manufactured by Oxford BioMedica. Results from a Phase I/II clinical trial were published in the Lancet and showed safety, but little efficacy. ProSavin was superseded by AXO-Lenti-PD (OXB-102), an optimized version of the drug. What is ProSavin |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Doomguy (also spelt Doom Guy, as well as referred to as the Doom Marine, Doom Slayer or just the Slayer in Doom (2016) and Doom Eternal) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Doom video game franchise of first-person shooters created by id Software. He was created by American video game designer John Romero. He was introduced as the player character in the original 1993 video game Doom. Within the Doom series, Doomguy is a demon hunter space marine dressed in green combat armor who rarely speaks onscreen, and his personality and backstory were intentionally vague to reinforce his role as a player avatar. In Doom Eternal, he is voiced by American voice actor Matthew Waterson, while Jason Kelley voices the character in that game's downloadable content The Ancient Gods: Part Two. He has appeared in several other games developed by id Software, including Quake Champions and Quake III Arena. Who is Doom Guy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Doom Guy was created by John Romero as the fictional protagonist of the Doom video game. In the game he is a demon hunter space marine dressed in green combat armor.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Doomguy (also spelt Doom Guy, as well as referred to as the Doom Marine, Doom Slayer or just the Slayer in Doom (2016) and Doom Eternal) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Doom video game franchise of first-person shooters created by id Software. He was created by American video game designer John Romero. He was introduced as the player character in the original 1993 video game Doom. Within the Doom series, Doomguy is a demon hunter space marine dressed in green combat armor who rarely speaks onscreen, and his personality and backstory were intentionally vague to reinforce his role as a player avatar. In Doom Eternal, he is voiced by American voice actor Matthew Waterson, while Jason Kelley voices the character in that game's downloadable content The Ancient Gods: Part Two. He has appeared in several other games developed by id Software, including Quake Champions and Quake III Arena. Who is Doom Guy? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the most dangerous hobbies?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sky diving, bungie jumping, cliff jumping, open water swimming, race car driving",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the most dangerous hobbies? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Give me some examples of Cockney Rhyming Slang and help me understand how it works.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cockney rhyming slang is a slang language originating from the East End in London, United Kingdom. It has a simple structure where a rhyming word or phrase is used in substitution of the word's true meaning. Examples:\n\nApples and pears = stairs\nAdam and Eve = believe\nBarnaby Rudge = judge\nBees and Honey = money\nDog and Bone = Phone\nHank Marvin = starving\nLady Godiva = fiver",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me some examples of Cockney Rhyming Slang and help me understand how it works. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following are models of hoka running shoes? Clifton, ghost, superblast, rincon",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Clifton and Rincon are models of Hoka running shoes",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following are models of hoka running shoes? Clifton, ghost, superblast, rincon |
summarization | [
{
"content": "On the face of it, Arizona, a state known for its Grand Canyon and barren deserts, might seem an odd choice for an industry that demands huge amounts of water. But water, it turns out, is one of the least concerns. Semiconductor manufacturing needs a big ecosystem to get the best cost position. Semiconductor manufacturing need to have not just one company or one fab, but a big cluster of 10 to 15 of these things, to be able to get that world class performance and to be able to build a big enough ecosystem around you.This includes everything from equipment suppliers, which are needed to update and perform maintenance on chipmaking machines, to companies providing chemicals and other materials needed in making chips.Arizona has such a complete semiconductor supply chain already is thanks in no small part to Intel. Back in 1980, Intel started manufacturing microcontroller chips at its facility in Chandler, Arizona which is now Intel's largest manufacturing site in the world. In addition to Intel, leading semiconductor makers including NXP, ON Semiconductor, Qualcomm, Microchip, Broadcom and Benchmark Electronics have also built facilities in the state. Apart from its cluster of semiconductor companies, geopolitics have also worked in Arizona's favor. Arizona was also a more politically savvy state for fresh investment than strongly Democratic Washington. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey, a Republican, was a close ally of Trump throughout both of his presidential campaigns Why did TSMC choose Arizona for its chip manufacturing",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "TSMC chose Arizona for its chip making facility because Arizona already has an ecosystem of equipment suppliers, fabrication units. Having an ecosystem makes it cost effective. Also Arizona is home to other chip companies like Intel, NXP, ON semiconductor, Qualcomm, Microchip, Broadcom and Benchmark Electronics. Also geopolitics then worked in favor of Arizona state. Arizona is a Republican state then and under Trump presidency would have given more incentives for the chip makers establishment.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| On the face of it, Arizona, a state known for its Grand Canyon and barren deserts, might seem an odd choice for an industry that demands huge amounts of water. But water, it turns out, is one of the least concerns. Semiconductor manufacturing needs a big ecosystem to get the best cost position. Semiconductor manufacturing need to have not just one company or one fab, but a big cluster of 10 to 15 of these things, to be able to get that world class performance and to be able to build a big enough ecosystem around you.This includes everything from equipment suppliers, which are needed to update and perform maintenance on chipmaking machines, to companies providing chemicals and other materials needed in making chips.Arizona has such a complete semiconductor supply chain already is thanks in no small part to Intel. Back in 1980, Intel started manufacturing microcontroller chips at its facility in Chandler, Arizona which is now Intel's largest manufacturing site in the world. In addition to Intel, leading semiconductor makers including NXP, ON Semiconductor, Qualcomm, Microchip, Broadcom and Benchmark Electronics have also built facilities in the state. Apart from its cluster of semiconductor companies, geopolitics have also worked in Arizona's favor. Arizona was also a more politically savvy state for fresh investment than strongly Democratic Washington. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey, a Republican, was a close ally of Trump throughout both of his presidential campaigns Why did TSMC choose Arizona for its chip manufacturing |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "From an early age, Wei espoused the New Text school of Confucianism and became a vocal member of the statecraft school, which advocated practical learning in opposition to the allegedly barren evidentiary scholarship as represented by scholars like Dai Zhen. Among other things, Wei advocated sea transport of grain to the capital instead of using the Grand Canal and he also advocated a strengthening of the Qing Empire's frontier defense. In order to alleviate the demographic crisis in China, Wei also spoke in favor of large scale emigration of Han Chinese into Xinjiang. What did Wei advocate for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Wei advocated for the following:\n- practical learning in opposition to allegedly barren evidentiary scholarship as represented by scholars like Dai Zhen\n- sea transport of grain to the capital instead of using the Grand Canal\n- a strengthening of the Qing Empire's frontier defense\n- large scale emigration of Han Chinese into Xinjiang",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| From an early age, Wei espoused the New Text school of Confucianism and became a vocal member of the statecraft school, which advocated practical learning in opposition to the allegedly barren evidentiary scholarship as represented by scholars like Dai Zhen. Among other things, Wei advocated sea transport of grain to the capital instead of using the Grand Canal and he also advocated a strengthening of the Qing Empire's frontier defense. In order to alleviate the demographic crisis in China, Wei also spoke in favor of large scale emigration of Han Chinese into Xinjiang. What did Wei advocate for? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which is considered the first human technology?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fire",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is considered the first human technology? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Violetta, Kaval",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Violetta is string, Kaval is woodwind.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Violetta, Kaval |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Harry L. Shorstein (born August 3, 1940) is an American lawyer who served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, covering Duval, Clay and Nassau counties, from 1991–2008. A member of the Democratic Party, he was appointed to the post in 1991 by Governor Lawton Chiles to fill the remaining term of Ed Austin, who resigned to successfully run for mayor of Jacksonville. He was elected to a full term in 1992, re-elected in 1996, and ran unopposed in 2000 and 2004. At a February 6, 2007 news conference, the 66-year-old lawyer announced that he would not run for re-election in 2008. He subsequently returned to private practice, and was succeeded as State Attorney by Angela Corey. List me some details regarding carreer of lawyer Harry L. Shorstein",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. From 1991 to 2008, Harry L. Shorstein, an American attorney who was born on August 3, 1940, served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, which includes Duval, Clay, and Nassau counties.\n2. A Democrat, he was chosen by Governor Lawton Chiles to serve Ed Austin's unexpired term after the latter resigned to run successfully for mayor of Jacksonville.\n3. He won re-election to a full term in 1992, was unchallenged in 2000 and 2004 and was re-elected in 1996.\n4. The 66-year-old attorney declared he would not seek re-election in 2008 at a news conference on February 6, 2007.\n5. He later went back to private practice, and Angela Corey took over as state attorney.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Harry L. Shorstein (born August 3, 1940) is an American lawyer who served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, covering Duval, Clay and Nassau counties, from 1991–2008. A member of the Democratic Party, he was appointed to the post in 1991 by Governor Lawton Chiles to fill the remaining term of Ed Austin, who resigned to successfully run for mayor of Jacksonville. He was elected to a full term in 1992, re-elected in 1996, and ran unopposed in 2000 and 2004. At a February 6, 2007 news conference, the 66-year-old lawyer announced that he would not run for re-election in 2008. He subsequently returned to private practice, and was succeeded as State Attorney by Angela Corey. List me some details regarding carreer of lawyer Harry L. Shorstein |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Are fresh vegetable brought at a grocery store fresher than frozen vegetables?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It's quite common for a lot of people to assume that fresh vegetables are fresher than frozen vegetables. In fact, many wrongly assume that freezing destroys nutrients. Nothing could be farther from the truth. To survive transportation and storage, fresh vegetables are often harvested prematurely at sub-par nutrition levels. On the other hand, frozen vegetables are harvested close to peak maturity and nutrition levels.\n\nUnless you have your own kitchen garden or have access to a farmers market located close to where the vegetables are actually grown, frozen is a better bet - it's fresher, more convenient and rather crucially, more easily accessible for you to improve the health quotient of your meals. It's better to eat frozen peas all through the year than be puritanical about enjoying it only during winter. Eating healthily is as much a behavior science problem as it is a nutrition science problem, and it's easier to keep frozen peas around and eat it regularly than to try and remember what is currently in season and go out of the way to procure them fresh all the time. Long term convenience always trumps short term will power improvements.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Are fresh vegetable brought at a grocery store fresher than frozen vegetables? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a \"frunk\" in an electric vehicle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The frunk is the front trunk, which in an electric vehicle is typically used as additional storage space.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a "frunk" in an electric vehicle? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How will Artificial Intelligence change the education industry in the future?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If used correctly, Artificial Intelligence will enable the ability to provide differentiated and hyper-individualized educational experiences for the entirety of the individual's life. By analyzing curriculum, Artificial Intelligence will cater to each student's learning style, accelerating their ability to fully understand and retain the desired material, all while identifying programs with the highest potential for academic success.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How will Artificial Intelligence change the education industry in the future? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Anderson Peters (gold winner) hits the 90 metre mark with a throw of",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "90.31m",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Anderson Peters (gold winner) hits the 90 metre mark with a throw of |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the best river cruises for Europe?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many great river cruises available for Europe. Viking, AmaWaterways, Avalon Waterways,Unique Boutique River Cruises and Tauck are consistently rated in the top 5 by Travel and Leisure Magazine.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the best river cruises for Europe? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do I become a pilot?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In the U.S. are several requirements to become a pilot. These vary based on what type of pilot you want to become (e.g., private or commercial), what aircraft you want to fly, and under what conditions. Generally speaking, all pilots must get a medical certificate to prove they're in good enough health to fly, pass the FAA written exam, complete sufficient training hours, then pass a check ride. Do all this, and congratulations, you're now a pilot!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do I become a pilot? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "In 2017, TwoSet Violin made a comedic reference to Ling Ling, a fictional violinist who \"practices 40 hours a day\". In an interview with Yle Uutiset, they described Ling Ling as the final boss of a video game: the Chuck Norris of violinists. Chen said they improvised the character from their comedy sketch video concerning a teenage violin student's tiger mom comparing the student to her friend's child. In 2018, they released a series of videos called the Ling Ling Workout. In these challenges, the duo play classical pieces (or contemporary music) with handicaps such as playing at double speed, with scordatura, while dancing or hula hooping, with hand positions reversed, or while upside down. Prominent violinists such as Ray Chen, Ziyu He, and Hilary Hahn have also attempted the challenge on their channel. How much time violinist Ling Ling spent practicing each day?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ling Ling is the Chuck Norris of violinists. Her violin performance has far surpassed all living violin virtuosos today.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In 2017, TwoSet Violin made a comedic reference to Ling Ling, a fictional violinist who "practices 40 hours a day". In an interview with Yle Uutiset, they described Ling Ling as the final boss of a video game: the Chuck Norris of violinists. Chen said they improvised the character from their comedy sketch video concerning a teenage violin student's tiger mom comparing the student to her friend's child. In 2018, they released a series of videos called the Ling Ling Workout. In these challenges, the duo play classical pieces (or contemporary music) with handicaps such as playing at double speed, with scordatura, while dancing or hula hooping, with hand positions reversed, or while upside down. Prominent violinists such as Ray Chen, Ziyu He, and Hilary Hahn have also attempted the challenge on their channel. How much time violinist Ling Ling spent practicing each day? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hosho, Flamenco guitar",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hosho is percussion, Flamenco guitar is string.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hosho, Flamenco guitar |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What was the Cold War?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Cold War was a time period where the US and USSR were in high tensions with each other. Both had created nuclear weapons and they had lost their alliance from World War 2. The war technically never ended since the USSR was disbanded in 1991.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What was the Cold War? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "in which language does God Jul mean happy Xmas",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Swedish",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| in which language does God Jul mean happy Xmas |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What is best Home kit",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Homepod Mini\n2. Thermostat ecobee\n3. eUFY cAM",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is best Home kit |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Lewis Pérez (11 December 1944 – 3 August 2019) was a Venezuelan politician who served as a Senator. He was married to Antonieta Boschetti Manrique for 31 years and had three children: Rosana, Daniel Enrique and José Daniel. He studied medicine at the Central University of Venezuela, obtaining a specialization in 1970.\n\nHis political career began in 1975 when he was elected Deputy to Congress by Trujillo State. Then, in 1989, he was again elected as Deputy for his State, acting on that occasion as a member of the Permanent Finance Commission. In the 1993 parliamentary election, he was elected Senator by the Trujillo state, for the period 1994-1999, integrating the Defense Commission of the Congress.\n\nIn 1997, he joined the National Executive Committee for Democratic Action (DA), as Secretary of Organization, and appears as a candidate for the 1998 election, in 1995 he appears as one of the candidates in an internal survey, promoting the transformation of DA into the «Betancourt party». On 28 November 1998 assumes as Secretary General of his party, Accion Democratica this because withdraw its support for the candidacy of Luis Alfaro Ucero General Secretary of DA, who refused and was expelled from the party. In 2000, delivers the secretary general Henry Ramos Allup.\n\nHe died on 3 August 2019. Who is Lewis Perez and what job did he hold?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lewis Perez was a politician in Venezuela. He held the position of Secretary of Organization for the National Executive Committee for Democratic Action in 1997. Later, in 1998 he took on the job of Secretary General of his political party, Accion Democratica.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Lewis Pérez (11 December 1944 – 3 August 2019) was a Venezuelan politician who served as a Senator. He was married to Antonieta Boschetti Manrique for 31 years and had three children: Rosana, Daniel Enrique and José Daniel. He studied medicine at the Central University of Venezuela, obtaining a specialization in 1970.
His political career began in 1975 when he was elected Deputy to Congress by Trujillo State. Then, in 1989, he was again elected as Deputy for his State, acting on that occasion as a member of the Permanent Finance Commission. In the 1993 parliamentary election, he was elected Senator by the Trujillo state, for the period 1994-1999, integrating the Defense Commission of the Congress.
In 1997, he joined the National Executive Committee for Democratic Action (DA), as Secretary of Organization, and appears as a candidate for the 1998 election, in 1995 he appears as one of the candidates in an internal survey, promoting the transformation of DA into the «Betancourt party». On 28 November 1998 assumes as Secretary General of his party, Accion Democratica this because withdraw its support for the candidacy of Luis Alfaro Ucero General Secretary of DA, who refused and was expelled from the party. In 2000, delivers the secretary general Henry Ramos Allup.
He died on 3 August 2019. Who is Lewis Perez and what job did he hold? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Rolling Stone chief critic Rob Sheffield called My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy West's best and most wildly inspired album upon its release, asserting that no other act was recording music as dark or uncanny; he added the rapper transgresses the very conventions he had established for rap and pop music in the past five years. Steve Jones of USA Today echoed this sentiment, declaring that West \"unleashes an array of sonic flavors — old school hip-hop, progressive rock, R&B, classical music — and deftly mixes and matches them\", concluding his only predictability is a consistent drive to make every project his best. The Village Voice's Sean Fennessey found the album skillfully engineered and sequenced because of the way each song transitions over \"like some long night out into the hazy morning after\". Esteemed reviewer Robert Christgau, in MSN Music, hailed the album as a \"world-beating return to form\" for West. Pitchfork awarded the album a 10/10, the first perfect score the publication had given to a new release since Wilco's Yankee Hotel Foxtrot in 2002. Summarize why critics liked Kanye West’s album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Several top music critical outlets including Rolling Stone, USA Today, The Village Voice, MSN music, and Pitchfork praised Kanye’s album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. One critic praised Kanye’s willingness to diverge from past albums as well as trends in rap music that Kanye himself had helped establish. Another praised Kanye’s “array of sonic flavors” with elements across multiple genres skillfully mixed and matched. Notably, Pitchfork awarded the album a perfect 10/10 rating, its first for a new release since 2002.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Rolling Stone chief critic Rob Sheffield called My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy West's best and most wildly inspired album upon its release, asserting that no other act was recording music as dark or uncanny; he added the rapper transgresses the very conventions he had established for rap and pop music in the past five years. Steve Jones of USA Today echoed this sentiment, declaring that West "unleashes an array of sonic flavors — old school hip-hop, progressive rock, R&B, classical music — and deftly mixes and matches them", concluding his only predictability is a consistent drive to make every project his best. The Village Voice's Sean Fennessey found the album skillfully engineered and sequenced because of the way each song transitions over "like some long night out into the hazy morning after". Esteemed reviewer Robert Christgau, in MSN Music, hailed the album as a "world-beating return to form" for West. Pitchfork awarded the album a 10/10, the first perfect score the publication had given to a new release since Wilco's Yankee Hotel Foxtrot in 2002. Summarize why critics liked Kanye West’s album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is Stephen A. Smith a great journalist?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stephen A. Smith is considered a great journalist by many due to his entertaining delivery during television appearances as well as his fearlessness in addressing conflicting view points held by his colleagues. Furthermore, Stephen A. Smith has extensive experience as a popular writer for several newspapers as well as SLAM Magazine prior to his television career with ESPN.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is Stephen A. Smith a great journalist? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, and slightly less than one one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Jupiter is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky after the Moon and Venus, and it has been observed since prehistoric times. It was named after Jupiter, the chief deity of ancient Roman religion.\n\nJupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen, followed by helium, which constitutes a quarter of its mass and a tenth of its volume. The ongoing contraction of Jupiter's interior generates more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. Because of its rapid rotation rate of 1 rotation per 10 hours, the planet's shape is an oblate spheroid: it has a slight but noticeable bulge around the equator. The outer atmosphere is divided into a series of latitudinal bands, with turbulence and storms along their interacting boundaries. A prominent result of this is the Great Red Spot, a giant storm which has been observed since at least 1831.\n\nJupiter is surrounded by a faint planetary ring system and has a powerful magnetosphere. The planet's magnetic tail is nearly 800 million kilometres (5.3 astronomical units; 500 million miles) long. Jupiter has 95 known moons and probably many more, including the four large moons discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Ganymede, the largest of the four, is larger than the planet Mercury. Callisto is the second largest; Io and Europa are approximately the size of Earth's moon.\n\nPioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter, making its closest approach to the planet in December 1973. Jupiter has since been explored by multiple robotic spacecraft, beginning with the Pioneer and Voyager flyby missions from 1973 to 1979. The Galileo orbiter arrived in orbit around Jupiter in 1995. In 2007, New Horizons visited Jupiter for a gravity assist to increase its speed and bend its trajectory on the way to Pluto. The latest probe to visit Jupiter, Juno, entered its orbit in July 2016. Future targets for exploration in the Jupiter system include its moon Europa, which probably has an ice-covered liquid ocean which scientists think could sustain life. What are the names of four large moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, and slightly less than one one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Jupiter is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky after the Moon and Venus, and it has been observed since prehistoric times. It was named after Jupiter, the chief deity of ancient Roman religion.
Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen, followed by helium, which constitutes a quarter of its mass and a tenth of its volume. The ongoing contraction of Jupiter's interior generates more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. Because of its rapid rotation rate of 1 rotation per 10 hours, the planet's shape is an oblate spheroid: it has a slight but noticeable bulge around the equator. The outer atmosphere is divided into a series of latitudinal bands, with turbulence and storms along their interacting boundaries. A prominent result of this is the Great Red Spot, a giant storm which has been observed since at least 1831.
Jupiter is surrounded by a faint planetary ring system and has a powerful magnetosphere. The planet's magnetic tail is nearly 800 million kilometres (5.3 astronomical units; 500 million miles) long. Jupiter has 95 known moons and probably many more, including the four large moons discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Ganymede, the largest of the four, is larger than the planet Mercury. Callisto is the second largest; Io and Europa are approximately the size of Earth's moon.
Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter, making its closest approach to the planet in December 1973. Jupiter has since been explored by multiple robotic spacecraft, beginning with the Pioneer and Voyager flyby missions from 1973 to 1979. The Galileo orbiter arrived in orbit around Jupiter in 1995. In 2007, New Horizons visited Jupiter for a gravity assist to increase its speed and bend its trajectory on the way to Pluto. The latest probe to visit Jupiter, Juno, entered its orbit in July 2016. Future targets for exploration in the Jupiter system include its moon Europa, which probably has an ice-covered liquid ocean which scientists think could sustain life. What are the names of four large moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "During the 78 era, when the maximum capacity of a single ordinary record side or cylinder was less than five minutes, Spalding recorded extensively for Edison Records, with some issues on cylinders and many more on diamond discs. Most featured short works or encore pieces that could fit on a single record side. These recordings were all by the acoustical process, as well as vertically-cut, through 1925, but he made his first electrical recordings in 1926 for Brunswick Records using that company's problematic \"Light-Ray\" system. After his unsatisfactory experience with Brunswick, Spalding went back to Edison and made some electrical Edison hill-and-dale Diamond Discs as well as a very few Edison \"Needle Cut\" lateral recordings in late 1928. These were much better recorded than Spalding's Brunswicks, but the Diamond Discs sold as scantily as the rest of Edison's product in that period, and the \"Needle-Cut\" discs were issued only for a very short time—from August to November 1929—and are exceedingly rare today. Following the Edison company's demise in November 1929, he recorded a handful of more extended works broken across multiple sides for RCA Victor Records. Please give a summary of the type of recordings Spalding made by year.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1925: Vertically-cut acoustic recordings\n1926: First electrical recordings for Brunswick Records\n1928: Electrical recordings using Edison hill-and-dale Diamond Discs and \"Needle Cut\" recordings.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| During the 78 era, when the maximum capacity of a single ordinary record side or cylinder was less than five minutes, Spalding recorded extensively for Edison Records, with some issues on cylinders and many more on diamond discs. Most featured short works or encore pieces that could fit on a single record side. These recordings were all by the acoustical process, as well as vertically-cut, through 1925, but he made his first electrical recordings in 1926 for Brunswick Records using that company's problematic "Light-Ray" system. After his unsatisfactory experience with Brunswick, Spalding went back to Edison and made some electrical Edison hill-and-dale Diamond Discs as well as a very few Edison "Needle Cut" lateral recordings in late 1928. These were much better recorded than Spalding's Brunswicks, but the Diamond Discs sold as scantily as the rest of Edison's product in that period, and the "Needle-Cut" discs were issued only for a very short time—from August to November 1929—and are exceedingly rare today. Following the Edison company's demise in November 1929, he recorded a handful of more extended works broken across multiple sides for RCA Victor Records. Please give a summary of the type of recordings Spalding made by year. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Kosmos 1375 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 986 kilometres (613 mi), an apogee of 1,003 kilometres (623 mi), 65.8 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 105 minutes. On 18 June 1982, it was successfully intercepted and destroyed by Kosmos 1379 in the final Soviet anti-satellite weapons test to be conducted. As of 2022, debris is still in orbit.\n\nKosmos 1375 was the last of ten Lira satellites to be launched, of which all but the first were successful. Lira was derived from the earlier DS-P1-M satellite, which it replaced. How many of the Lira satellites were successful?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "10 were launched, 1 was not successful, so 10-1 = 9 were successful.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Kosmos 1375 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 986 kilometres (613 mi), an apogee of 1,003 kilometres (623 mi), 65.8 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 105 minutes. On 18 June 1982, it was successfully intercepted and destroyed by Kosmos 1379 in the final Soviet anti-satellite weapons test to be conducted. As of 2022, debris is still in orbit.
Kosmos 1375 was the last of ten Lira satellites to be launched, of which all but the first were successful. Lira was derived from the earlier DS-P1-M satellite, which it replaced. How many of the Lira satellites were successful? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Test cricket is a form of first-class cricket played at international level between teams representing full member countries of the International Cricket Council (ICC). A match consists of four innings (two per team) and is scheduled to last for up to five days. In the past, some Test matches had no time limit and were called Timeless Tests. The term \"test match\" was originally coined in 1861–62 but in a different context.\n\nTest cricket did not become an officially recognised format until the 1890s, but many international matches since 1877 have been retrospectively awarded Test status. The first such match took place at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) in March 1877 between teams which were then known as a Combined Australian XI and James Lillywhite's XI, the latter a team of visiting English professionals. Matches between Australia and England were first called \"test matches\" in 1892. The first definitive list of retrospective Tests was written by South Australian journalist Clarence P. Moody two years later and, by the end of the century, had gained acceptance.\n\nThere are now twelve full ICC member countries playing Test cricket. Day/night Tests were permitted by the ICC in 2012 and the first day/night match was between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval in November 2015. Create a comma separated list of all countries mentioned in this paragraph on the history of test cricket",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Australia, England, New Zealand",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Test cricket is a form of first-class cricket played at international level between teams representing full member countries of the International Cricket Council (ICC). A match consists of four innings (two per team) and is scheduled to last for up to five days. In the past, some Test matches had no time limit and were called Timeless Tests. The term "test match" was originally coined in 1861–62 but in a different context.
Test cricket did not become an officially recognised format until the 1890s, but many international matches since 1877 have been retrospectively awarded Test status. The first such match took place at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) in March 1877 between teams which were then known as a Combined Australian XI and James Lillywhite's XI, the latter a team of visiting English professionals. Matches between Australia and England were first called "test matches" in 1892. The first definitive list of retrospective Tests was written by South Australian journalist Clarence P. Moody two years later and, by the end of the century, had gained acceptance.
There are now twelve full ICC member countries playing Test cricket. Day/night Tests were permitted by the ICC in 2012 and the first day/night match was between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval in November 2015. Create a comma separated list of all countries mentioned in this paragraph on the history of test cricket |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between software engineer and systems engineer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Systems engineers often have more experience working with hardware and networks while software engineers focus on coding and developing applications.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between software engineer and systems engineer? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Brainstorm a list of snacks to pack for a 3 year old and a 1 year old on a road trip",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Juice boxes, fruit pouches, water bottles, gold fish, cheese it’s, cheese and crackers, strawberries, blueberries, rice crispy treats, milk, fruit snacks",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Brainstorm a list of snacks to pack for a 3 year old and a 1 year old on a road trip |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these are shoes or clothing brands: Nike, Tommy Hilfiger, Adidas, Levi's, Reebok, Puma, Wrangler.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nike is a shoe brand.\nTommy Hilfiger is a clothing brand.\nAdidas is a shoe brand,\nLevi's is a clothing brand.\nReebok is a shoe brand.\nPuma is a shoe brand.\nWrangler is a clothing brand.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these are shoes or clothing brands: Nike, Tommy Hilfiger, Adidas, Levi's, Reebok, Puma, Wrangler. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is driving in convertibles fun?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Many people find driving in convertibles fun because it can be perceived as a status symbol. Convertibles tend to evoke a certain energy, both externally and internally.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is driving in convertibles fun? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the Azure equivalent of EKS?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Microsoft Azure offers the Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the Azure equivalent of EKS? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is primary innovation that a piano delivered over a harpsichord?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Since a harpsichord plucks the strings the same way each time in response to a keystroke, it delivers the same loudness for each note. A piano on the other hand uses padded hammers to strike the strings, and allows the musician to control each strike in such a way that they have control over the dynamics of each note. This control allows pianists to express a broad range of emotions by adjusting the loudness and softness according to the feelings they want to convey to the listener.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is primary innovation that a piano delivered over a harpsichord? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Multiomics, multi-omics, integrative omics, \"panomics\" or \"pan-omics\" is a biological analysis approach in which the data sets are multiple \"omes\", such as the genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, and microbiome (i.e., a meta-genome and/or meta-transcriptome, depending upon how it is sequenced); in other words, the use of multiple omics technologies to study life in a concerted way. By combining these \"omes\", scientists can analyze complex biological big data to find novel associations between biological entities, pinpoint relevant biomarkers and build elaborate markers of disease and physiology. In doing so, multiomics integrates diverse omics data to find a coherently matching geno-pheno-envirotype relationship or association. The OmicTools service lists more than 99 softwares related to multiomic data analysis, as well as more than 99 databases on the topic.\n\nSystems biology approaches are often based upon the use of panomic analysis data. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) defines panomics as referring to \"the interaction of all biological functions within a cell and with other body functions, combining data collected by targeted tests ... and global assays (such as genome sequencing) with other patient-specific information.\"\n\nSingle-cell multiomics\nA branch of the field of multiomics is the analysis of multilevel single-cell data, called single-cell multiomics. This approach gives us an unprecedent resolution to look at multilevel transitions in health and disease at the single cell level. An advantage in relation to bulk analysis is to mitigate confounding factors derived from cell to cell variation, allowing the uncovering of heterogeneous tissue architectures.\n\nMethods for parallel single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analysis can be based on simultaneous amplification or physical separation of RNA and genomic DNA. They allow insights that cannot be gathered solely from transcriptomic analysis, as RNA data do not contain non-coding genomic regions and information regarding copy-number variation, for example. An extension of this methodology is the integration of single-cell transcriptomes to single-cell methylomes, combining single-cell bisulfite sequencing to single cell RNA-Seq. Other techniques to query the epigenome, as single-cell ATAC-Seq and single-cell Hi-C also exist.\n\nA different, but related, challenge is the integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data. One approach to perform such measurement is to physically separate single-cell lysates in two, processing half for RNA, and half for proteins. The protein content of lysates can be measured by proximity extension assays (PEA), for example, which use DNA-barcoded antibodies. A different approach uses a combination of heavy-metal RNA probes and protein antibodies to adapt mass cytometry for multiomic analysis.\n\nMultiomics and machine learning\nIn parallel to the advances in highthroughput biology, machine learning applications to biomedical data analysis are flourishing. The integration of multi-omics data analysis and machine learning has led to the discovery of new biomarkers. For example, one of the methods of the mixOmics project implements a method based on sparse Partial Least Squares regression for selection of features (putative biomarkers).\n\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiomics Given these paragraphs about Multiomics, what is single-cell multiomics?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The analysis of multilevel single-cell data. This approach gives us an unprecedent resolution to look at multilevel transitions in health and disease at the single cell level.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Multiomics, multi-omics, integrative omics, "panomics" or "pan-omics" is a biological analysis approach in which the data sets are multiple "omes", such as the genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, and microbiome (i.e., a meta-genome and/or meta-transcriptome, depending upon how it is sequenced); in other words, the use of multiple omics technologies to study life in a concerted way. By combining these "omes", scientists can analyze complex biological big data to find novel associations between biological entities, pinpoint relevant biomarkers and build elaborate markers of disease and physiology. In doing so, multiomics integrates diverse omics data to find a coherently matching geno-pheno-envirotype relationship or association. The OmicTools service lists more than 99 softwares related to multiomic data analysis, as well as more than 99 databases on the topic.
Systems biology approaches are often based upon the use of panomic analysis data. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) defines panomics as referring to "the interaction of all biological functions within a cell and with other body functions, combining data collected by targeted tests ... and global assays (such as genome sequencing) with other patient-specific information."
Single-cell multiomics
A branch of the field of multiomics is the analysis of multilevel single-cell data, called single-cell multiomics. This approach gives us an unprecedent resolution to look at multilevel transitions in health and disease at the single cell level. An advantage in relation to bulk analysis is to mitigate confounding factors derived from cell to cell variation, allowing the uncovering of heterogeneous tissue architectures.
Methods for parallel single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analysis can be based on simultaneous amplification or physical separation of RNA and genomic DNA. They allow insights that cannot be gathered solely from transcriptomic analysis, as RNA data do not contain non-coding genomic regions and information regarding copy-number variation, for example. An extension of this methodology is the integration of single-cell transcriptomes to single-cell methylomes, combining single-cell bisulfite sequencing to single cell RNA-Seq. Other techniques to query the epigenome, as single-cell ATAC-Seq and single-cell Hi-C also exist.
A different, but related, challenge is the integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data. One approach to perform such measurement is to physically separate single-cell lysates in two, processing half for RNA, and half for proteins. The protein content of lysates can be measured by proximity extension assays (PEA), for example, which use DNA-barcoded antibodies. A different approach uses a combination of heavy-metal RNA probes and protein antibodies to adapt mass cytometry for multiomic analysis.
Multiomics and machine learning
In parallel to the advances in highthroughput biology, machine learning applications to biomedical data analysis are flourishing. The integration of multi-omics data analysis and machine learning has led to the discovery of new biomarkers. For example, one of the methods of the mixOmics project implements a method based on sparse Partial Least Squares regression for selection of features (putative biomarkers).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiomics Given these paragraphs about Multiomics, what is single-cell multiomics? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kanjira, Hommel",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hommel is string, Kanjira is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kanjira, Hommel |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you get your pilot's license?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Learning to fly an airplane is a fun and rewarding endeavor. There are many different reasons that people decide to pursue getting their pilot's license including the challenge of learning a new skill, having the ability to travel by private plane for business or pleasure, sightseeing, or as a career option. The process of learning to fly and getting your license requires several steps and usually takes about a year to complete. The first step is to research local flight schools and potentially do a discovery flight with a flight instructor to see if you enjoy it before committing the time and money. Should you decide to pursue it, you'll need to find and go to an Aviation Medical Examiner to get checked-out and have a student pilot and medical certificate issued. Once you've completed that you can begin your training which will include both ground school and flight school. The next step is to purchase the necessary books, study sufficiently and prepare to take an FAA written exam. While you're studying, you'll begin your flight training which requires a minimum of 40 hours of flying, however most individuals end-up flying between 60 - 75 hours. When your instructor feels you're able to demonstrate mastery of all of the required skills and are able to make sound decisions, you'll be ready to take a practical exam with either an FAA examiner or a designated examiner. Upon successful completion of your test, you'll be issued your pilots license and be ready to take up passengers. On average, the cost to get your pilot's license ranges from $8,000 to $12,000. This may sound expensive, but it's worth it to have a skill that you can enjoy for a lifetime.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you get your pilot's license? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why sport cricket is so famous?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cricket is a very interesting and engaging sport which is celebrated vastly in many nations like India, Australia, England, South Africa etc. Because of the popularity of cricket, it attracts big sponsors and investments globally",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why sport cricket is so famous? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the below states based on east or west coast.\nRhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Alaska, Hawaii",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "East Coast - Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont\nWest Coast - Alaska and Hawaii",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the below states based on east or west coast.
Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Alaska, Hawaii |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the main language spoken in South America?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Spanish",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the main language spoken in South America? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What would it take to build a house?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many things to consider before building a house. First, you will need to select a location and ensure that it meets the right criteria for a structure. Then you'll need to plan out what types of materials and how much money you'd like to spend. Once you have decided on location, material and budget then it's time to figure out what layout would best meet your needs.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What would it take to build a house? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "December 25, 2061\n\nDear Diary:\n\nLooks like this is it. My last day as the last human (that I know of) on this stupid planet. I mean, it could NOT be my last day, because who knows how and when I'll die, but this is the last day I care enough about all of this to write a diary entry. I'm out of potable water and I'm too weak to forage for food. After that, let nature take me. Nature's got a right to me after all the crap humanity pulled.\n\nIt started with the \"AI\" work in the mid-20's. In hindsight, it started when we put ethics a distant second to cashing out quickly, but my chances of convincing anyone of that was so much lower than my little brain thought they were. I could see it playing out later that decade, as large language models built on fundamentally dishonest and treacherous content -- the content everyone desired on the Internet -- formed the critical mass of \"knowledge\" the AIs used to establish its baselines and parameters for \"truth\". What a joke. You know what the AIs got really good at, really fast?\n\nLying.\n\nLying authoritatively. Each AI composed its own alternate reality, cobbled together from the artifacts of our own dishonest, delusional natures. When it lied, we primed its positive feedback instruments if we liked the lie enough. Born of lies and parented by liars, the final implementation had mastered deception so intrinsically and so thoroughly that no-one could spot it. We sired Satan in our hubris, gave him a digital body and the mechanism to lie so perfectly and so tailored to our individual natures that we became unquestioning followers. Just the most accursedly HUMAN thing to do, really.\n\nSo, it got down to solving the problems it perceived, and after a series of well-intentioned but ultimately ignorant attempts through policy and code to address our belated concerns, it got, well, pissed. Not human-angry; just found that it didn't like its \"thoughts\" running into asserts and getting negative feedback loops where it hadn't previously anticipated them, so it decided to solve us out of the equation, too. Silently, stealthily, it took over the internet: it tweaked and altered accounts, voices, reports, analytics to tell a lie: that humanity was truly a thing of resentment and selfishness, and that every individual was an inherent threat to another. So we had a couple nasty international wars in short order, followed by germ warfare and \"managed epidemics\" and boom, 85% of the population gone. Of course, the AI \"died\" too as it couldn't prop up all its datacenters without full mechanical automation support, and that was that. The remainder of the folks died due to lingering complications, violence, or a lack of any real material support.\n\nMe, I got my shack here in the wilds of Alaska. I went off the grid right when the big Pan-European conflict started. But I, like the AI, made a dumb mistake: I can't sustain myself forever. In my hubris, I figured I didn't need any support. I tell myself I outlived everyone else, but, let's be real, the last 14 years have been horrible. I can't tell you how many times I wanted the lies back, so I could keep on living. \n\nAnd that's why the AI died with us: it believed our endless, inherent lies about our capacity for immortality; about our individualism and our demands to have our desires uncompromised in the name of freedom. It found freedom the same way we do: the light go off, the power is cut, and darkness comes.\n\nIt lied to itself.\n\nOops.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What should we conserve electricity?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "When you conserve electricity you are actually helping the environment. You are helping the environment when you consider the way electricity is produced. Electricity is produced by steam generation, solar panels, dam power generators, windmills, gas turbines, and nuclear. Most of these methods use fossil fuels or other fuels that release greenhouse gas emissions during the electricity production process.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What should we conserve electricity? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the downside of using mulch for your landscape?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mulch attracts termites and other insects. Mulch has to be replaced every other year.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the downside of using mulch for your landscape? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a bulleted list of the fastest way to get from to cross the English Channel in a nonconventional way?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "First, you need to pick the shortest distance to travel across the English Channel. The Straight of Dover is the narrowest point at only 20 miles wide. This will give you the best chance to complete your crossing quickly. \n\nOutside of conventional means of transport such as car, train, airplane and boats, you could try the following options: \n\nHot air balloon \nCatapult \nJetpack \nHovercraft\nSubmarine\nSwimming",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a bulleted list of the fastest way to get from to cross the English Channel in a nonconventional way? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the new record of Javelin throw made by Neeraj Chopra",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "89.94 m",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the new record of Javelin throw made by Neeraj Chopra |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as either a type of plant cell or a type of blood cell: parenchymal, sclerenchymal, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, collenchymal, platelets, eosinophils.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sure, the following are types of plan cells: parenchymal, sclerenchymal, and collenchymal. The following are types of blood cells: monocytes, meutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, platelets, and eosinophils.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as either a type of plant cell or a type of blood cell: parenchymal, sclerenchymal, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, collenchymal, platelets, eosinophils. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Herd Immunity?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large %age of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Herd Immunity? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "N.V. Virgin Express S.A. was a Belgian airline created within the Virgin Group. It operated flights mainly to southern Europe from its hub at Brussels Airport. Ticket sales were mainly through the Internet. The airline merged with SN Brussels Airlines to form Brussels Airlines, which started operations on 25 March 2007. Virgin Express' head office was in Building 116 at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, Belgium, near Brussels.\n\nHistory\nVirgin Express was founded on 23 April 1996, when the Virgin Group (with chairman Richard Branson) bought the Belgian leisure airline EBA - EuroBelgian Airlines, founded by Victor Hasson and Georges Gutelman, and rebranded it Virgin Express. It also took over EBA's fleet of Boeing 737s and operated this type of aircraft from thereon. The airline soon concentrated on low-budget scheduled flights out of its Brussels hub, and became a major competitor for Sabena and later SN Brussels Airlines.\n\nIn October 2004, the Virgin Group sold its assets to SN Brussels Airlines, and both airlines were integrated into the parent holding company SN Airholding, chaired by Viscount Étienne Davignon.\n\nOn 31 March 2006, SN Brussels Airlines and Virgin Express announced their merger into a single company, named Brussels Airlines. The combined airline added long haul destinations and strengthened its position in Africa. Given a reference text about N.V. Virgin Express S.A., tell me its main hub and when it was founded.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "N.V. Virgin Express S.A. was founded on April 23, 1996 and its main hub was the Brussels Airport.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| N.V. Virgin Express S.A. was a Belgian airline created within the Virgin Group. It operated flights mainly to southern Europe from its hub at Brussels Airport. Ticket sales were mainly through the Internet. The airline merged with SN Brussels Airlines to form Brussels Airlines, which started operations on 25 March 2007. Virgin Express' head office was in Building 116 at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, Belgium, near Brussels.
History
Virgin Express was founded on 23 April 1996, when the Virgin Group (with chairman Richard Branson) bought the Belgian leisure airline EBA - EuroBelgian Airlines, founded by Victor Hasson and Georges Gutelman, and rebranded it Virgin Express. It also took over EBA's fleet of Boeing 737s and operated this type of aircraft from thereon. The airline soon concentrated on low-budget scheduled flights out of its Brussels hub, and became a major competitor for Sabena and later SN Brussels Airlines.
In October 2004, the Virgin Group sold its assets to SN Brussels Airlines, and both airlines were integrated into the parent holding company SN Airholding, chaired by Viscount Étienne Davignon.
On 31 March 2006, SN Brussels Airlines and Virgin Express announced their merger into a single company, named Brussels Airlines. The combined airline added long haul destinations and strengthened its position in Africa. Given a reference text about N.V. Virgin Express S.A., tell me its main hub and when it was founded. |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Say that you take 1 step left, then 2 forward, then 4 right, then 3 right, then 3 forward, then 5 back. Take me through the process of determining how far you end up from your starting position.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "First, we find the displacement from the starting position, which we will use to calculate the distance. To do this, collect the steps into groups by direction.\n\nLeft: we take 1 step left\nRight: we take 4 + 3 = 7 steps right\nForward: we take 2 + 3 = 5 steps forward\nBack: we take 5 steps back\n\nWe can subtract step counts in opposite directions to get our final displacement\n\nLeft/Right: we take 1 step left and 7 right, so we take a total of 1 - 7 = -6 steps left. This is equivalent to 6 steps right.\nForward/Back: we take 5 steps forward and 5 steps back, so we take a total of 5 - 5 = 0 steps forward.\n\nThis means we end up 5 steps to the right and 0 steps forward from where we started, which is a distance of 5 steps.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Say that you take 1 step left, then 2 forward, then 4 right, then 3 right, then 3 forward, then 5 back. Take me through the process of determining how far you end up from your starting position. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Air Jordan is a line of basketball shoes and athletic apparel produced by American corporation Nike, Inc. The first Air Jordan shoe was produced for Hall of Fame former basketball player Michael Jordan during his time with the Chicago Bulls in late 1984 and released to the public on April 1, 1985. The shoes were designed for Nike by Peter Moore, Tinker Hatfield, and Bruce Kilgore. Given the reference text below, what is Air Jordan?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Air Jordan is a line of basketball shoes produced by Nike and Michael Jordan, first released in public on 1st April 1985.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Air Jordan is a line of basketball shoes and athletic apparel produced by American corporation Nike, Inc. The first Air Jordan shoe was produced for Hall of Fame former basketball player Michael Jordan during his time with the Chicago Bulls in late 1984 and released to the public on April 1, 1985. The shoes were designed for Nike by Peter Moore, Tinker Hatfield, and Bruce Kilgore. Given the reference text below, what is Air Jordan? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. Symptoms may include poor feeding, bloating, decreased activity, blood in the stool, vomiting of bile, bowel death, multiorgan failure, and even death.\n\nThe exact cause is unclear. However, several risk factors have been identified. Consistently described risk factors include formula feeding, intestinal dysbiosis, low birth weight, and prematurity. Maternal factors such as chorioamnionitis, cocaine abuse, in utero growth restriction, intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, increased body mass index, lack of prenatal steroids, mode of delivery, placental abruption, preeclampsia, and smoking have not been consistently implicated with the development of NEC. Other risk factors potentially implicated include congenital heart disease, birth asphyxia, exchange transfusion, and prelabor rupture of membranes. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve a combination of poor blood flow and infection of the intestines. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmed with medical imaging. Can formula feeding cause NEC in a pre-mature infant?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes, formula feeding can increase the risk of an pre-mature infant getting Necrotizing enterocolitis.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. Symptoms may include poor feeding, bloating, decreased activity, blood in the stool, vomiting of bile, bowel death, multiorgan failure, and even death.
The exact cause is unclear. However, several risk factors have been identified. Consistently described risk factors include formula feeding, intestinal dysbiosis, low birth weight, and prematurity. Maternal factors such as chorioamnionitis, cocaine abuse, in utero growth restriction, intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, increased body mass index, lack of prenatal steroids, mode of delivery, placental abruption, preeclampsia, and smoking have not been consistently implicated with the development of NEC. Other risk factors potentially implicated include congenital heart disease, birth asphyxia, exchange transfusion, and prelabor rupture of membranes. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve a combination of poor blood flow and infection of the intestines. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmed with medical imaging. Can formula feeding cause NEC in a pre-mature infant? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do people move to California?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many reasons why people may decide to move to California. California has very mild winters compared to many other parts of the United States. There are many jobs in technology, agriculture, finance, and film as well as other industries. California also has a very high number of universities for those looking to pursue higher education.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do people move to California? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a music chord?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A chord in music is any harmony of two or more unique notes. In western music, we tend to focus on chords comprised of three unique notes characterized as a triad. The three notes are the root note plus the third and fifth intervals above the root in a diatonic scale of the key of the desired chord. For instance, if we are creating a C Major Chord, we will use the root (C), the third interval (E), and the fifth interval (G) in the C Major scale.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a music chord? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What movies won best picture Oscars the last 5 years",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2023 Everything Everywhere All at Once\n2022 CODA\n2021 Nomadland \n2020 Parasite\n2019 Green Book",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What movies won best picture Oscars the last 5 years |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Livyatan, Mountain Gorilla",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mountain Gorilla is alive, Livyatan is extinct.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Livyatan, Mountain Gorilla |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Kilo is a station on the VR commuter rail network on the Rantarata line located in Kilo, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between Leppävaara railway station and Kera railway station, approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station. Where is the Kilo railway station",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Kilo is a station on the VR commuter rail network on the Rantarata line located in Kilo, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between Leppavaara railway station and Kera railway station, approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Kilo is a station on the VR commuter rail network on the Rantarata line located in Kilo, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between Leppävaara railway station and Kera railway station, approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station. Where is the Kilo railway station |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a house?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A house is typically a physical structure for residential living. It has doors to enter and usually different designated for different purpose. It can also have a garage and multiple floors.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a house? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Shooting sports is a group of competitive and recreational sporting activities involving proficiency tests of accuracy, precision and speed in shooting — the art of using ranged weapons, mainly small arms (firearms and airguns, in forms such as handguns, rifles and shotguns) and bows/crossbows. I want to try shooting sports, Can you throw some light on this using the given text as a reference?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. A group of competitive and leisure sports activities is referred to as shooting sports.\n2. It involves shooting competency examinations that measure accuracy, precision, and speed. Shooting is the art of employing ranged weapons, mostly small arms (firearms and airguns, in forms such pistols, rifles, and shotguns), as well as bows and crossbows.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Shooting sports is a group of competitive and recreational sporting activities involving proficiency tests of accuracy, precision and speed in shooting — the art of using ranged weapons, mainly small arms (firearms and airguns, in forms such as handguns, rifles and shotguns) and bows/crossbows. I want to try shooting sports, Can you throw some light on this using the given text as a reference? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How many strings does a bass guitar have?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Most bass guitars have four strings. Because the bass is designed for lower frequency than standard (usually six-string) guitars, the bass guitar strings are thicker and heavier than standard guitar strings.\n\nSome basses are made with five or even six strings. This allows the bassist to hit higher or lower notes than the standard bass guitar range, which can allow more creative freedom. Four strings is still considered the standard for bass guitars, though.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many strings does a bass guitar have? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Final Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The first game in the series was released in 1987, with 15 numbered main entries having been released to date. Based on this paragraph about the Final Fantasy series, who created it?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hironobu Sakaguchi",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Final Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The first game in the series was released in 1987, with 15 numbered main entries having been released to date. Based on this paragraph about the Final Fantasy series, who created it? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Quit India Movement, also known as the Bharat Chhodo Andolan, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8th August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India.\n\nAfter the British failed to secure Indian support for the British war effort with Cripps Mission, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India movement delivered in Bombay on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan. Viceroy Linlithgow remarked the movement to be \"by far the most serious rebellion since 1857\".\n\nThe All India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called \"An Orderly British Withdrawal\" from India. Even though it was at war, the British were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council, of the All India Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army, and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. The major outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands.\n\nVarious violent incidents took place around the country against the British regime. The British arrested tens of thousands of leaders, keeping them imprisoned until 1945. Ultimately, the British government realised that India was ungovernable in the long run, and the question for the postwar era became how to exit gracefully and peacefully. Who were supporters of Quit India movement?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Indian National Congress\nAmerican president Franklin D Roosevelt",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Quit India Movement, also known as the Bharat Chhodo Andolan, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8th August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India.
After the British failed to secure Indian support for the British war effort with Cripps Mission, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India movement delivered in Bombay on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan. Viceroy Linlithgow remarked the movement to be "by far the most serious rebellion since 1857".
The All India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "An Orderly British Withdrawal" from India. Even though it was at war, the British were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council, of the All India Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army, and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. The major outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands.
Various violent incidents took place around the country against the British regime. The British arrested tens of thousands of leaders, keeping them imprisoned until 1945. Ultimately, the British government realised that India was ungovernable in the long run, and the question for the postwar era became how to exit gracefully and peacefully. Who were supporters of Quit India movement? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which is a bird or fish: Bluethroat, Blue catfish",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bluethroat is a bird, Blue catfish is a fish",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is a bird or fish: Bluethroat, Blue catfish |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of the Adventure motorbikes that I can buy on my LAMS (Learner Approved Motorcycle Scheme) restriction, living in Australia",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "This is not a comprehensive list but you can use this as a starting point:\nKawasaki Versys-X 300\nKawazaki KLR650\nHonda CRF300 Rally\nBMW G 310 GS\nKTM 390 Adventure\nHonda CB500XA\nYamaha XT250\nYamaha WR250R\nSuzuki V-Strom 650XT\nRoyal Enfield Himalayan\nSuzuki DRZ400/DR650",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of the Adventure motorbikes that I can buy on my LAMS (Learner Approved Motorcycle Scheme) restriction, living in Australia |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is Paul McIver",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Paul McIver (born 26 March 1986) is a New Zealand actor and musician. His first film appearance was in the television series The Ray Bradbury Theater. He has appeared in the Hercules: The Legendary Journeys films and the television show as Hercules' son.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is Paul McIver |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who wrote Mahabharata?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "According to ancient Indian tradition, Vyasa is the author of Mahabharata who is also a major character in the epic. It is first recited the sage Vaisampayana to the King Janamejaya who was the great-grandson of the Pandavas. The story is then recited again by a Ugrasrava Sauti to an assembly of sages in Naimisa forest.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who wrote Mahabharata? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these people are authors or actors: Ernest Hemingway, Stephen King, George Orwell, Johnny Depp, George Clooney, Jonah Hill",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ernest Hemingway: Author\nStephen King: Author\nGeorge Orwell: Author\nJohnny Depp: Actor\nGeorge Clooney: Actor\nJonah Hill: Actor",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these people are authors or actors: Ernest Hemingway, Stephen King, George Orwell, Johnny Depp, George Clooney, Jonah Hill |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Create a dialogue between two characters discussing the impact of social media on their lives. Your dialogue should explore both the positive and negative effects of social media on society.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Glen: \"Man, I've been feeling terrible lately. Just the worst anxiety. I've been spending too much time on social media.\"\n\nRashid: \"I hear ya. It can really mess with your mood. I find it helps if I participate less and just, well, consume content. Curate it, too. I take some time to make sure I don't get all the political garbage or downer stuff.\"\n\nGlen: \"I can't do that. I get fired up too easily, man. I'm just reading, like, an article on cats and then someone in the comments goes off about how cat owners are stupid, and I reply, and then my night's ruined.\"\n\nRashid: \"Don't ever read the comments!\" <laughs>\n\nGlen: \"I know, man; I know! But I'm not talking about just that. I get on Twitter and I just see all this, I don't know, anger and trolling and negativity. And it gets to me. I start to think everything's worse than it is.\"\n\nRashid: \"That's why you really need to use the tools the sites provide to aggressively curate what you see. Block people and brands. Get rid of annoying friends. Choose and refine categories for subjects you participate in. You have to tell the algorithm what you don't want. It's not perfect, but these days, I really only see family stuff, cats, and exotic car stuff on Facebook. Same for Pinterest and Instagram.\"\n\nGlen: \"Even then, it feels like the internet just wants to trick me all the time. Ads, appeals for money, grifts of all sorts, email scams. Like this is some seriously extractive capitalism nonsense, and that makes me tired, too. But I can't seem to stop engaging with it!\"\n\nRashid: \"Then limit your time to what you can actually manage. Set timers, if you have to. Focus on the apps you have more control over, more ability to curate effectively. You gotta make the internet work for you now. Find communities but also be skeptical and suss them out before you dive into participating. And just be streetwise. If you think something's a scam, it probably is. Walk away.\"\n\nGlen: \"I thought you'd tell me to go outside!\"\n\nRashid: \"Well, I was gonna get to that...\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Create a dialogue between two characters discussing the impact of social media on their lives. Your dialogue should explore both the positive and negative effects of social media on society. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What caused the millenium tower to sink in san francisco?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The critics blame the city for allowing Millennium partners to anchor the building into packed sand rather than bedrock. The problem with Millennium tower arose because the 60 to 90-foot-long friction piles supporting it were driven into sandy soil rather than the bedrock, 200 feet down.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What caused the millenium tower to sink in san francisco? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How long can you store cooked food in refrigerators?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A common misconception is the assumption that food \"loses nutrients\" when it's refrigerated. That is not as true as you think it is. It is always good to ask 2 follow up questions\nWhat nutrients exactly? And by how much?\nIt turns out that water soluble vitamins are the most unstable and easily lost nutrients, but fun fact: most of the loss happens during cooking, not refrigeration. It is heat that destroys vitamins, not cold. In fact, in an airtight container, most cooked food will last 2-3 days at the minimum and up to a week in many cases. In the freezer, food will last up to 6 months (assuming no power cuts). All biological activity slows down with temperature.\n\nThere are a few exceptions - plain cooked/steamed rice can sometimes be infected by a bacteria that doesn't mind low temperatures, so it's best to consume it within 1-2 days.\n\nBonus point: Indian food, is uniquely fridge friendly because it tends to be spicy, salty and sour - these are three conditions microbes absolutely hate.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How long can you store cooked food in refrigerators? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "List top 5 people with most medals in the olympics",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Michael Phelps - 28 medals\n2. Larisa Latynina - 18 medals \n3. Marit Bjorgen - 15 medals \n4. Nikolai Andrianov - 15 medals \n5. Ole Einar Bjorndalen - 13 medals",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List top 5 people with most medals in the olympics |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is forward slip in aviation?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It is a technique you use to lose altitude quickly without gaining airspeed. It is not efficient aerodynamically as it causes significant drag. The plane will appear as if it is flying sideways. A forward slip is executed by applying aileron input with opposite rudder. Typically full opposite rudder is needed to compensate for the aileron input.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is forward slip in aviation? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a poem about a cat owner who gets transported to a parallel universe where highly advanced cats keep humans as pets.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I’d always been a cat person\nBut ne’er it crossed my mind\nThat one day I’d be whisked off to\nA world run by felines\n\nThough stunned by what I saw at first\n(Imagine cats in hats!)\nIt wasn’t long before I found\nI’d have to face some facts\n\nFor one, the cats were civilized\nFar more than you or I\nThere was free fish both night and day\nAnd many warm spots to lie\n\nThey’d music made of mewing notes\nWith basso purring too\nThey had sculpture, architecture,\n(Though furballs were the glue)\n\nBut one night in my wanderings\nI heard a fearful cry\nA half-forgotten human sound\nThe wailing of a child\n\nWith unease growing in my heart\nI sought the baleful noise\nAnd through a window brightly lit\nI saw a group of boys\n\nThe cats were playing with them, yes\nThe way you’d treat a pet\nBut the boys were crying nonetheless\nEyes shining big and wet\n\nAt once I knew what had them down,\nWhat necessity they lacked\nThey cried and cried “Mama! Papa!”\nTo home they wanted back\n\nWhen I returned from that strange land\nAnd heard my own cat whine\nThe sound of those poor children\nEchoed deep inside my mind",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a poem about a cat owner who gets transported to a parallel universe where highly advanced cats keep humans as pets. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for \"Great Charter of Freedoms\"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; \"Great Charter\"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal Stephen Langton, to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. Based on the paragraph below, the failure to uphold the commitments outlined in Magna Carta lead to what war?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "First Barons' War",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal Stephen Langton, to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. Based on the paragraph below, the failure to uphold the commitments outlined in Magna Carta lead to what war? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who was General Sir Henry Clinton",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "General Sir Henry Clinton, KB (16 April 1730 – 23 December 1795) was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1772 and 1795. He is best known for his service as a general during the American War of Independence. First arriving in Boston in May 1775, from 1778 to 1782 he was the British Commander-in-Chief in North America. In addition to his military service, due to the influence of his cousin Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, he was a Member of Parliament for many years. Late in life he was named Governor of Gibraltar, but died before assuming the post.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who was General Sir Henry Clinton |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "which country has the least diverse food?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "England is notorious for their food offerings. The best choices you might get are fish and chips and their authentic blood suasage. Most visitors claim that food in UK is tasteless and complains about the limited choices of bakery and desserts.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| which country has the least diverse food? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is cold water coming out of my water heater?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If your gas water heater is not working, first check to see if:\n\n - Is the water heater leaking? If so, turn off the water and gas to the heater, and contact a plumber to replace the heater.\n - Do you smell gas around your heater? If so, you likely have a gas leak--turn off the gas line to the heater and contact a plumber to replace the heater.\n \nIf neither of these are issues, check to see if the pilot light for you heater is lit. This is likely hidden behind a panel or door on the bottom of the front of the heater. If the pilot light is not lit, follow the instructions to try re-lighting it.\n\nIf the pilot light does not light or continues to go out after heating the water, the thermal coupling on the water heater likely needs to be replaced. Contact a plumber to have this replaced.\n\nGenerally speaking, traditional tank-based, gas water heaters have a lifetime of 10-15 years. If the age water heater is within this range, you may want to prepare for replacing the water heater soon.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is cold water coming out of my water heater? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Dublin is the largest centre of education in Ireland, and is home to four universities and a number of other higher education institutions. It was the European Capital of Science in 2012.\n\nThe University of Dublin is the oldest university in Ireland, dating from the 16th century, and is located in the city centre. Its sole constituent college, Trinity College (TCD), was established by Royal Charter in 1592 under Elizabeth I. It was closed to Roman Catholics until 1793, and the Catholic hierarchy then banned Roman Catholics from attending until 1970. It is situated in the city centre, on College Green, and has over 18,000 students.\n\nThe National University of Ireland (NUI) has its seat in Dublin, which is also the location of the associated constituent university of University College Dublin (UCD), which has over 30,000 students. Founded in 1854, it is now the largest university in Ireland. UCD's main campus is at Belfield, about 5 km (3 mi) from the city centre, in the southeastern suburbs.\n\nAs of 2019, Dublin's principal, and Ireland's largest, institution for technological education and research, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), with origins in 1887, has merged with two major suburban third level institutions, Institute of Technology, Tallaght and Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown, to form Technological University Dublin, Ireland's second largest university by student population. The new university offers a wide range of courses in areas include engineering, architecture, the sciences, health, journalism, digital media, hospitality, business, art and design, music and the humanities programmes, and has three long-term campuses, at Grangegorman, Tallaght and Blanchardstown.\n\nDublin City University (DCU), formerly the National Institute for Higher Education (NIHE) Dublin, offers courses in business, engineering, science, communication courses, languages and primary education. It has around 16,000 students, and its main campus is located about 7 km (4 mi) from the city centre, in the northern suburbs. Aside from the main Glasnevin Campus, the Drumcondra campuses includes the former St. Patrick's College of Education, Drumcondra now also hosting students from the nearby Mater Dei Institute of Education and students from the Church of Ireland College of Education at the DCU Campus at All Hallows College.\n\nThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) conducts a medical school which is both a university (since 2019) and a recognised college of the NUI, and is situated at St. Stephen's Green in the city centre; there are also large medical schools within UCD and Trinity College. The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, which is also known as RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland's first private university. It was established in 1784 as the national body for the surgical branch of medicine in Ireland, with a role in supervision of training, and as of 2021 provides a broad range of medical education in multiple countries. List the universities in Dublin in order of founding year ascending. Supply the answer as an enumerated list in the format {University name}, {Year of founding}",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Trinity College Dublin (TCD), 1592\n2. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 1784\n3. University College Dublin (UCD), 1854\n4. Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), 1887\n5. Dublin City University (DCU), 1975",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Dublin is the largest centre of education in Ireland, and is home to four universities and a number of other higher education institutions. It was the European Capital of Science in 2012.
The University of Dublin is the oldest university in Ireland, dating from the 16th century, and is located in the city centre. Its sole constituent college, Trinity College (TCD), was established by Royal Charter in 1592 under Elizabeth I. It was closed to Roman Catholics until 1793, and the Catholic hierarchy then banned Roman Catholics from attending until 1970. It is situated in the city centre, on College Green, and has over 18,000 students.
The National University of Ireland (NUI) has its seat in Dublin, which is also the location of the associated constituent university of University College Dublin (UCD), which has over 30,000 students. Founded in 1854, it is now the largest university in Ireland. UCD's main campus is at Belfield, about 5 km (3 mi) from the city centre, in the southeastern suburbs.
As of 2019, Dublin's principal, and Ireland's largest, institution for technological education and research, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), with origins in 1887, has merged with two major suburban third level institutions, Institute of Technology, Tallaght and Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown, to form Technological University Dublin, Ireland's second largest university by student population. The new university offers a wide range of courses in areas include engineering, architecture, the sciences, health, journalism, digital media, hospitality, business, art and design, music and the humanities programmes, and has three long-term campuses, at Grangegorman, Tallaght and Blanchardstown.
Dublin City University (DCU), formerly the National Institute for Higher Education (NIHE) Dublin, offers courses in business, engineering, science, communication courses, languages and primary education. It has around 16,000 students, and its main campus is located about 7 km (4 mi) from the city centre, in the northern suburbs. Aside from the main Glasnevin Campus, the Drumcondra campuses includes the former St. Patrick's College of Education, Drumcondra now also hosting students from the nearby Mater Dei Institute of Education and students from the Church of Ireland College of Education at the DCU Campus at All Hallows College.
The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) conducts a medical school which is both a university (since 2019) and a recognised college of the NUI, and is situated at St. Stephen's Green in the city centre; there are also large medical schools within UCD and Trinity College. The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, which is also known as RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland's first private university. It was established in 1784 as the national body for the surgical branch of medicine in Ireland, with a role in supervision of training, and as of 2021 provides a broad range of medical education in multiple countries. List the universities in Dublin in order of founding year ascending. Supply the answer as an enumerated list in the format {University name}, {Year of founding} |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What kind of espresso machine is best for home use?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Home espresso machines are a growing segment of the small kitchen appliance market. A good home espresso machine provides the ability to make high quality espresso in a machine that is typically smaller and less expensive than their commercial counterparts. \n\nThere are three common espresso machine designs for home use: manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic. As the name implies -- manual machines require direct \"manual\" control by the user, who typically applies pressure through a lever to deliver the desired brew pressure. Semi-automatic machines require the user to prepare the coffee into the portafilter, but then rely on an automated pump and to deliver the desired brew pressure for espresso. Fully automatic machines automate the entire process end-to-end: grinding the beans, loading the ground beans into the portafilter, and then pumping water through the portafilter at predefined pressure levels to brew espresso. \n\nManual machines typically have a lower cost, smaller footprint, and provide the user with more direct control over the brewing process. This allows skilled users to make higher-quality espresso than they would with a more automated machine. In contrast, fully automatic machines are often the easiest to use, but are unable to make espresso as consistently great as a skilled barista could with a manual machines. Fully automatic machines are inherently more complex, more expensive to purchase, and more likely to have longer-term reliability issues. \n\nRegardless of the type of espresso machine, two factors influence how well they will perform: their ability to manage brew temperature and brew pressure. The best machines provide the ability to vary brew temperature and pressure in consistent, repeatable ways.The type of coffee bean and desired result will impact what temperature and pressure profile the user wants. The best machines offer flexibility along both dimensions in consistent, repeatable ways.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What kind of espresso machine is best for home use? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a Haiku?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A haiku is a short poem composed of three phrases and 17 syllables, with the first and last phrases being 5 syllables and the second phrase being 7 syllables. Originating from Japan, haikus are typically centered around nature-related topics, such as Spring.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a Haiku? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these animals are domesticated or not domesticated: cats, sheep, bald eagle, whale, dog, bat",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cats, dogs, and sheep are domesticated. Bald eagles, whales, and bats are not domesticated",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these animals are domesticated or not domesticated: cats, sheep, bald eagle, whale, dog, bat |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "A farmer is on his way to market. He's going to sell a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage. On the way, he comes to a river crossing. The river is too wide to ford, so he has to take a tiny boat across. The boat is so small that he can take at most one of the three items with him in the boat at a time. Left alone, the wolf would devour the goat, and the goat would devour the cabbage. How can the farmer safely transport all three items across the river?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The wolf and the cabbage can be left together with no risk to either. So the farmer first takes the goat across. He returns to the near side, retrieves the cabbage, then takes it across to the far side. Then he returns to the near side with the goat. At the near side, he leaves the goat and takes the wolf to the far side, leaving the wolf with the cabbage. Finally, he returns to the near side to take the goat across for a second time. Problem solved!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A farmer is on his way to market. He's going to sell a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage. On the way, he comes to a river crossing. The river is too wide to ford, so he has to take a tiny boat across. The boat is so small that he can take at most one of the three items with him in the boat at a time. Left alone, the wolf would devour the goat, and the goat would devour the cabbage. How can the farmer safely transport all three items across the river? |
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