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general_qa | [
{
"content": "Thinking about public opinion, what is the significance of “issue consistency” and “levels of conceptualization”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Issue consistency is how consistent an individual American’s opinion is about an issue and is measured in two ways. Measuring across time shows that individual Americans are not likely to have the same opinion at two different points in time. For example, same-sex marriage opinions in Texas have changed from unfavorable (~30%) to favorable (over 50%) over a short amount of time from 2009 to 2017. Measuring across issue domain tells us that knowing what an individual thinks about one issue doesn’t really tell you much about what they think of another issue.\nLevels of conceptualization are used to categorize people by use of ideological language in explaining their opinions. There are five levels, the first is “ideologues”, when people rely on abstract concepts to make judgements about political objects. Second, are “near-ideologues” who use ideological terminology, but don’t always use it correctly. Third, are “group interest”, where people evaluate political objects with respect to their treatment of particular groups. Fourth are “nature of the times”, when evaluations of candidates and parties are tied to general perceptions about how things are going. Lastly, “no issue content”, where focus is on personalities or family traditions without any evidence of political thinking.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Thinking about public opinion, what is the significance of “issue consistency” and “levels of conceptualization”? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The main ways for employers to find workers and for people to find employers are via jobs listings in newspapers (via classified advertising) and online, also called job boards. Employers and job seekers also often find each other via professional recruitment consultants which receive a commission from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates. However, a study has shown that such consultants may not be reliable when they fail to use established principles in selecting employees. A more traditional approach is with a \"Help Wanted\" sign in the establishment (usually hung on a window or door or placed on a store counter). Evaluating different employees can be quite laborious but setting up different techniques to analyze their skills to measure their talents within the field can be best through assessments. Employer and potential employee commonly take the additional step of getting to know each other through the process of a job interview. Summarise the ways an employer can find workers using the given text as a reference",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Job listing in newspapers through classified advertising.\n2. Posting Job listings online (Job Boards) .\n3. Through Recruitment consultants who takes a commission from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates. \n4. By displaying a 'Help Wanted' sign in the establishment near a window or door or on the reception.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The main ways for employers to find workers and for people to find employers are via jobs listings in newspapers (via classified advertising) and online, also called job boards. Employers and job seekers also often find each other via professional recruitment consultants which receive a commission from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates. However, a study has shown that such consultants may not be reliable when they fail to use established principles in selecting employees. A more traditional approach is with a "Help Wanted" sign in the establishment (usually hung on a window or door or placed on a store counter). Evaluating different employees can be quite laborious but setting up different techniques to analyze their skills to measure their talents within the field can be best through assessments. Employer and potential employee commonly take the additional step of getting to know each other through the process of a job interview. Summarise the ways an employer can find workers using the given text as a reference |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which Targaryen conquered Westeros?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Aegon Targaryen conquered Westeros, with the assistance of his sister-wives, Visenya and Rhaenys.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which Targaryen conquered Westeros? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of these foods are from North and South of India: Chicken Tikka, Chole Samosa, Chole Batura, Idli Sambar, Dosa, Upama, Tamarind Rice",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Chicken Tikka, Chole Samosa, Chole Batura are North Indian Foods. Idli Sambar, Dosa, Upama, Tamarind Rice are from South of India.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of these foods are from North and South of India: Chicken Tikka, Chole Samosa, Chole Batura, Idli Sambar, Dosa, Upama, Tamarind Rice |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Boston Marathon began on 19 April 1897, and was inspired by the success of the first marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics. It is the world's oldest run annual marathon, and ranks as one of the world's most prestigious road racing events. Its course runs from Hopkinton in southern Middlesex County, to Copley Square in Boston. Johnny Hayes' victory at the 1908 Summer Olympics also contributed to the early growth of long-distance running and marathoning in the United States. Later that year, races around the holiday season including the Empire City Marathon held on New Year's Day 1909 in Yonkers, New York, marked the early running craze referred to as \"marathon mania\". Following the 1908 Olympics, the first five amateur marathons in New York City were held on days that held special meanings: Thanksgiving Day, the day after Christmas, New Year's Day, Washington's Birthday, and Lincoln's Birthday.\n\nFrank Shorter's victory in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics would spur national enthusiasm for the sport more intense than that which followed Hayes' win 64 years earlier. In 2014, an estimated 550,600 runners completed a marathon within the United States. This can be compared to 143,000 in 1980. Today marathons are held all around the world on a nearly weekly basis. What is the world's oldest annual marathon based on the reference text below?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon, beginning on April 19th 1897.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Boston Marathon began on 19 April 1897, and was inspired by the success of the first marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics. It is the world's oldest run annual marathon, and ranks as one of the world's most prestigious road racing events. Its course runs from Hopkinton in southern Middlesex County, to Copley Square in Boston. Johnny Hayes' victory at the 1908 Summer Olympics also contributed to the early growth of long-distance running and marathoning in the United States. Later that year, races around the holiday season including the Empire City Marathon held on New Year's Day 1909 in Yonkers, New York, marked the early running craze referred to as "marathon mania". Following the 1908 Olympics, the first five amateur marathons in New York City were held on days that held special meanings: Thanksgiving Day, the day after Christmas, New Year's Day, Washington's Birthday, and Lincoln's Birthday.
Frank Shorter's victory in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics would spur national enthusiasm for the sport more intense than that which followed Hayes' win 64 years earlier. In 2014, an estimated 550,600 runners completed a marathon within the United States. This can be compared to 143,000 in 1980. Today marathons are held all around the world on a nearly weekly basis. What is the world's oldest annual marathon based on the reference text below? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why should you exercise if you have a sitting job where you have to sit in front of computer screen ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Basically exercise has many benefits listed below\n1. Exercise manages weight \n2. Exercise prevents and treats illnesses\n3. Exercise enhances mood\n4. Exercise gives you more energy\n5. Exercise helps you sleep better.\n6. Exercise revitalises your personal life.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why should you exercise if you have a sitting job where you have to sit in front of computer screen ? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Provide a bulleted list of reasons why Tesla stock could go up in the future.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The following are reasons why Tesla stock could go up in the future:\n1. Governments incentivizing citizens to purchase electric cars\n2. Increased production of the Model S, 3, X, and Y\n3. Launch of Tesla Cyber Truck\n4. Launch of a cheaper, more widely used Tesla Model\n5. Opening of more Giga Factories\n6. Enhanced production capacity at current giga factories\n7. Expansion of solar deployments\n8. Expansion of the super charger network\n9. Expansion of megapack deployments\n10. Expansion of the Tesla insurance program\n11. Improvement to full self driving\n12. Launch of a robotaxi network.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Provide a bulleted list of reasons why Tesla stock could go up in the future. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the capital of Arizona?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Phoenix is the capital",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the capital of Arizona? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "On October 1, 2008, the band announced on their website that they had officially reunited, and would play their first shows in five years in March 2009 at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia. The three reunion concerts were held on March 6, 7, and 8, 2009, with \"Fluffhead\" being the first song the band played onstage at the first show. Approximately 14,000 people attended the concerts over the course of three days, and the band made the shows available for free download on their LivePhish website for a limited time, in order to accommodate fans who were unable to attend. When the band decided to reunite, the members agreed to limit their touring schedule, and they have typically performed about 50 concerts a year since. Following the reunion weekend, Phish embarked on a summer tour which began in May with a concert at Fenway Park in Boston. The Fenway show was followed by a 25-date tour which included performances at the 2009 edition of the Bonnaroo Music Festival in Tennessee and a four date stand at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Colorado. At Bonnaroo, Phish was joined by Bruce Springsteen on guitar for three songs. Phish's fourteenth studio album, Joy, produced by Steve Lillywhite, was released September 8, 2009. In October, the band held Festival 8, their first multi-day festival event since Coventry in 2004, at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California. In March 2010, Anastasio inducted Genesis, one of his favorite bands, into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at the museum's annual ceremony in New York City. In addition to Anastasio's speech, Phish performed the Genesis songs \"Watcher of the Skies\" and \"No Reply at All\" at the event. Phish toured in the summer and fall of 2010, and their concerts at Alpine Valley Music Theatre in East Troy, Wisconsin and the Utica Memorial Auditorium in Utica, New York were issued as CD/DVD sets in 2010 and 2011 respectively. Extract the venues of each Phish concert referenced in this paragraph and list in bulleted format.",
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},
{
"content": "-Hampton Coliseum\n-Fenway Park\n-Red Rocks Ampitheatre\n-Bonnaroo Music Festival\n-Empire Polo Club\n-New York City (venue for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ceremony is not specified)\n-Alpine Valley Music Theatre\n-Utica Memorial Auditorium",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| On October 1, 2008, the band announced on their website that they had officially reunited, and would play their first shows in five years in March 2009 at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia. The three reunion concerts were held on March 6, 7, and 8, 2009, with "Fluffhead" being the first song the band played onstage at the first show. Approximately 14,000 people attended the concerts over the course of three days, and the band made the shows available for free download on their LivePhish website for a limited time, in order to accommodate fans who were unable to attend. When the band decided to reunite, the members agreed to limit their touring schedule, and they have typically performed about 50 concerts a year since. Following the reunion weekend, Phish embarked on a summer tour which began in May with a concert at Fenway Park in Boston. The Fenway show was followed by a 25-date tour which included performances at the 2009 edition of the Bonnaroo Music Festival in Tennessee and a four date stand at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Colorado. At Bonnaroo, Phish was joined by Bruce Springsteen on guitar for three songs. Phish's fourteenth studio album, Joy, produced by Steve Lillywhite, was released September 8, 2009. In October, the band held Festival 8, their first multi-day festival event since Coventry in 2004, at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California. In March 2010, Anastasio inducted Genesis, one of his favorite bands, into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at the museum's annual ceremony in New York City. In addition to Anastasio's speech, Phish performed the Genesis songs "Watcher of the Skies" and "No Reply at All" at the event. Phish toured in the summer and fall of 2010, and their concerts at Alpine Valley Music Theatre in East Troy, Wisconsin and the Utica Memorial Auditorium in Utica, New York were issued as CD/DVD sets in 2010 and 2011 respectively. Extract the venues of each Phish concert referenced in this paragraph and list in bulleted format. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What type of kitchen knife should I buy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Every household should have at a minimum: a serrated knife, a paring knife, and a chef's knife. The serrated knife is good for cutting breads. A paring knife is handy for peeling and slicing smaller objects such as fruits. A chef's knife is a multi-purpose workhorse that can be used to accomplish most tasks such as slicing and dicing meats, vegetables, and fruits.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What type of kitchen knife should I buy? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Dredging is the excavation of material from a water environment. Possible reasons for dredging include improving existing water features; reshaping land and water features to alter drainage, navigability, and commercial use; constructing dams, dikes, and other controls for streams and shorelines; and recovering valuable mineral deposits or marine life having commercial value. In all but a few situations the excavation is undertaken by a specialist floating plant, known as a dredger.\n\nDredging is carried out in many different locations and for many different purposes, but the main objectives are usually to recover material of value or use, or to create a greater depth of water. Dredges have been classified as suction or mechanical. Dredging systems can either be shore-based, brought to a location based on barges, or built into purpose built vessels.\n\nDredging has significant environmental impacts: it can disturb marine sediments, leading to both short- and long-term water pollution, destroy important seabed ecosystems, and can release legacy human-sourced toxins captured in the sediment. These environmental impacts can significantly hurt marine wildlife populations, contaminate sources of drinking water and interrupt economic activities such as fishing. From the paragraph, tell me what is a dredger",
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},
{
"content": "A dredger is a specialist floating plant used to do excavation of material from a water environment. This process is called dredging.",
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}
]
| Dredging is the excavation of material from a water environment. Possible reasons for dredging include improving existing water features; reshaping land and water features to alter drainage, navigability, and commercial use; constructing dams, dikes, and other controls for streams and shorelines; and recovering valuable mineral deposits or marine life having commercial value. In all but a few situations the excavation is undertaken by a specialist floating plant, known as a dredger.
Dredging is carried out in many different locations and for many different purposes, but the main objectives are usually to recover material of value or use, or to create a greater depth of water. Dredges have been classified as suction or mechanical. Dredging systems can either be shore-based, brought to a location based on barges, or built into purpose built vessels.
Dredging has significant environmental impacts: it can disturb marine sediments, leading to both short- and long-term water pollution, destroy important seabed ecosystems, and can release legacy human-sourced toxins captured in the sediment. These environmental impacts can significantly hurt marine wildlife populations, contaminate sources of drinking water and interrupt economic activities such as fishing. From the paragraph, tell me what is a dredger |
summarization | [
{
"content": "I’ve directed my team to bring every element of the federal government together to help with immediate needs and long-term rebuilding. Early this morning, I approved an expedited major disaster declaration to quickly provide Federal assistance to the people of Arkansas. This weekend, I reached out to Governor J.B. Pritzker of Illinois and spoke with Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Little Rock Mayor Frank Scott Jr., and Wynne Mayor Jennifer Hobbs of Arkansas as well as Governor John Carney of Delaware to let them know that my administration will do everything we can to help, as long as it takes. I also spoke with my FEMA Administrator, who already has teams on the ground and is in Arkansas today to coordinate Federal response and recovery efforts. We are working closely with the state of Indiana and other impacted states as they assess damages, and stand ready to respond to any additional requests for Federal assistance. Please summarize President Joe Biden's statement below.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I approved disaster assistance for Arkansas. I told Arkansas leaders that the federal government will help. I spoke with the FEMA Administrator, who is coordinating efforts. We will work with other states that need assistance.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| I’ve directed my team to bring every element of the federal government together to help with immediate needs and long-term rebuilding. Early this morning, I approved an expedited major disaster declaration to quickly provide Federal assistance to the people of Arkansas. This weekend, I reached out to Governor J.B. Pritzker of Illinois and spoke with Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Little Rock Mayor Frank Scott Jr., and Wynne Mayor Jennifer Hobbs of Arkansas as well as Governor John Carney of Delaware to let them know that my administration will do everything we can to help, as long as it takes. I also spoke with my FEMA Administrator, who already has teams on the ground and is in Arkansas today to coordinate Federal response and recovery efforts. We are working closely with the state of Indiana and other impacted states as they assess damages, and stand ready to respond to any additional requests for Federal assistance. Please summarize President Joe Biden's statement below. |
classification | [
{
"content": "I need you to divide the following into solids, liquids and gasses. Gold, oxygen, helium, water, coffee, wood, blood, sand, neon, steel, rock, carbon dioxide, copper, ice and milk.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Gold, wood, sand, steel, rock, copper, ice are solids. Water, coffee, blood and milk are liquids. Oxygen, helium, neon, carbon dioxide are gasses.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| I need you to divide the following into solids, liquids and gasses. Gold, oxygen, helium, water, coffee, wood, blood, sand, neon, steel, rock, carbon dioxide, copper, ice and milk. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Skarsgård was born on 25 August 1976 in Stockholm, Sweden. He is the eldest son of actor Stellan Skarsgård and physician My Skarsgård. His parents are divorced. He has five younger siblings: Gustaf, Sam, Bill, Eija and Valter, and two half-brothers from his father's second wife, Megan Everett. Gustaf, Bill and Valter are also actors.\n\nA friend of his father, a director, gave Skarsgård his first film role when he was seven years old, playing Kalle Nubb in Åke and His World (Åke och hans värld). In 1989, his lead role in the Swedish television production Hunden som log (The Dog That Smiled) earned him praise and brought him to prominence in Sweden at age 13. Uncomfortable with the fame, he quit acting at that same age.\n\nAt age 19, Skarsgård applied to perform his national service. He served in the Swedish Armed Forces, in the SäkJakt (\"protect and hunt\") unit that dealt with anti-sabotage and anti-terrorism in the Stockholm archipelago, for 18 months. After completing his service in 1996, he left Sweden and attended Leeds Metropolitan University in England for six months. He enrolled to study English but admits he did not study much and \"had a blast\" instead. While there, he considered pursuing an architecture career, but chose acting instead. In 1997, he enrolled in a theatre course at Marymount Manhattan College and moved to New York City. He returned to Stockholm after six months, but his time studying theatre confirmed to him that he wanted to act. Was Alexander Skarsgård destined to become an actor?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Alexander Skarsgård was born into an actors family, his father Stellan as well as several of his brothers are successful actors. Furthermore, he got off to an early start when a friend of his father got him a role at seven years old, which seemed to suggest he was always destined to become an actor. However, along the way, several diversions could have set him on another path. At 13 years old he quit acting as he got uncomfortable with the fame. Later on, he joined the Swedish national service, went off to study English in Leeds, and considered pursuing an architecture career. But in the end, he chooses the path of acting.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Skarsgård was born on 25 August 1976 in Stockholm, Sweden. He is the eldest son of actor Stellan Skarsgård and physician My Skarsgård. His parents are divorced. He has five younger siblings: Gustaf, Sam, Bill, Eija and Valter, and two half-brothers from his father's second wife, Megan Everett. Gustaf, Bill and Valter are also actors.
A friend of his father, a director, gave Skarsgård his first film role when he was seven years old, playing Kalle Nubb in Åke and His World (Åke och hans värld). In 1989, his lead role in the Swedish television production Hunden som log (The Dog That Smiled) earned him praise and brought him to prominence in Sweden at age 13. Uncomfortable with the fame, he quit acting at that same age.
At age 19, Skarsgård applied to perform his national service. He served in the Swedish Armed Forces, in the SäkJakt ("protect and hunt") unit that dealt with anti-sabotage and anti-terrorism in the Stockholm archipelago, for 18 months. After completing his service in 1996, he left Sweden and attended Leeds Metropolitan University in England for six months. He enrolled to study English but admits he did not study much and "had a blast" instead. While there, he considered pursuing an architecture career, but chose acting instead. In 1997, he enrolled in a theatre course at Marymount Manhattan College and moved to New York City. He returned to Stockholm after six months, but his time studying theatre confirmed to him that he wanted to act. Was Alexander Skarsgård destined to become an actor? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How long will it take me to train for a marathon?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It depends on your goals! Many runners training to finish a marathon can do so with only 12 weeks of training, but if you are aiming for a PR or to qualify for the Boston Marathon, you'll likely need a longer training plan. Most runners who qualify for Boston run between 50 and 80 miles a week, which can take anywhere from 10 to 15 hours a week.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How long will it take me to train for a marathon? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States. The NAB represents more than 8,300 terrestrial radio and television stations as well as broadcast networks.\n\nAs of 2022, the president and CEO of the NAB is Curtis LeGeyt.\n\nFounding\n\nNAB headquarters in Washington, D.C.\nThe NAB was founded as the National Association of Radio Broadcasters (NARB) in April 1923 at the Drake Hotel in Chicago. The association's founder and first president was Eugene F. McDonald Jr., who also launched the Zenith corporation. In 1951 it changed its name to the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB) to include the television industry. In 1958 it adopted its current name, \"National Association of Broadcasters\".\n\nCommercial radio\nThe NAB worked to establish a commercial radio system in the United States. The system was set up in August 1928 with the establishment of General Order 40—a radio reallocation scheme by the Federal Radio Commission which awarded the choicest frequencies and broadcast times to the then-emerging commercial radio industry. In the wake of General Order 40, a loose coalition of educators, nonprofit broadcasters, labor unions, and religious groups coalesced to oppose the NAB and their allies through the 1920s and 1930s, and to develop a public, nonprofit, license-funded radio system without commercials (similar to what happened with the BBC). The coalition claimed that the commercial industry would only promote profitable programming, thereby reducing the quality and future potential of radio broadcasting.\n\nNot having the political connections, resources, or publicity of the NAB and the commercial radio industry, the non-profit coalition eventually lost the fight with the passage of the Communications Act of 1934.\n\nThe National Independent Broadcasters were formed in 1939 as part of the NAB, to represent stations that were not associated with any network, but the group split off in 1941.\n\nSatellite radio\nMany satellite radio enthusiasts have criticized the NAB for lobbying against legislation approvals for those services. The NAB protested the FCC's approval of both satellite radio services in the United States—XM and Sirius—and furthermore criticized the 2008 merger of the two companies, calling the merged company a \"potential monopoly\".\n\nDigital transition\nIn 2005, the NAB, together with the Association for Maximum Service Television Stations, Inc. (MSTV), commenced development of a prototype high quality, low cost digital-to-analog converter box for terrestrial digital television reception. The result of this project was a specification for the converter box, which was then adopted by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration as a technical requirement for eligible converter boxes for the Administration's Digital-to-Analog Converter Box Coupon Program.\n\nWhite space\nThe NAB has lobbied against the use of white spaces, unused broadcast spectrum lying between broadcast channels, for wireless broadband internet and other digital use. The NAB has claimed that use of white space will interfere with existing broadcast spectrum, even though tests by the Federal Communications Commission at levels far stronger than that being advocated for in policy circles have not supported such claims. Indeed, the FCC has recommended the use of white spaces for broadband and other digital use. In 2011 the NAB funded an advertising campaign titled \"The Future of TV\", advocating for the private ownership of the spectrum, framed as a threat to free television.\n\nFree TV campaign\nIn mid-2014, an NAB advertising campaign against a Congressional threat appeared, advocating viewers to defeat a cable-TV lobby.\n\nSimilar organizations\nOrganizations similar to the NAB exist in individual U.S. states, including Georgia Association of Broadcasters (GAB) in Georgia, and the Illinois Broadcasters Association (IBA), in Illinois. In Canada, the Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB) has a similar role. Who are the CEO of National Association of Broadcasters",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "As of 2022, the president and CEO of the NAB is Curtis LeGeyt",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States. The NAB represents more than 8,300 terrestrial radio and television stations as well as broadcast networks.
As of 2022, the president and CEO of the NAB is Curtis LeGeyt.
Founding
NAB headquarters in Washington, D.C.
The NAB was founded as the National Association of Radio Broadcasters (NARB) in April 1923 at the Drake Hotel in Chicago. The association's founder and first president was Eugene F. McDonald Jr., who also launched the Zenith corporation. In 1951 it changed its name to the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB) to include the television industry. In 1958 it adopted its current name, "National Association of Broadcasters".
Commercial radio
The NAB worked to establish a commercial radio system in the United States. The system was set up in August 1928 with the establishment of General Order 40—a radio reallocation scheme by the Federal Radio Commission which awarded the choicest frequencies and broadcast times to the then-emerging commercial radio industry. In the wake of General Order 40, a loose coalition of educators, nonprofit broadcasters, labor unions, and religious groups coalesced to oppose the NAB and their allies through the 1920s and 1930s, and to develop a public, nonprofit, license-funded radio system without commercials (similar to what happened with the BBC). The coalition claimed that the commercial industry would only promote profitable programming, thereby reducing the quality and future potential of radio broadcasting.
Not having the political connections, resources, or publicity of the NAB and the commercial radio industry, the non-profit coalition eventually lost the fight with the passage of the Communications Act of 1934.
The National Independent Broadcasters were formed in 1939 as part of the NAB, to represent stations that were not associated with any network, but the group split off in 1941.
Satellite radio
Many satellite radio enthusiasts have criticized the NAB for lobbying against legislation approvals for those services. The NAB protested the FCC's approval of both satellite radio services in the United States—XM and Sirius—and furthermore criticized the 2008 merger of the two companies, calling the merged company a "potential monopoly".
Digital transition
In 2005, the NAB, together with the Association for Maximum Service Television Stations, Inc. (MSTV), commenced development of a prototype high quality, low cost digital-to-analog converter box for terrestrial digital television reception. The result of this project was a specification for the converter box, which was then adopted by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration as a technical requirement for eligible converter boxes for the Administration's Digital-to-Analog Converter Box Coupon Program.
White space
The NAB has lobbied against the use of white spaces, unused broadcast spectrum lying between broadcast channels, for wireless broadband internet and other digital use. The NAB has claimed that use of white space will interfere with existing broadcast spectrum, even though tests by the Federal Communications Commission at levels far stronger than that being advocated for in policy circles have not supported such claims. Indeed, the FCC has recommended the use of white spaces for broadband and other digital use. In 2011 the NAB funded an advertising campaign titled "The Future of TV", advocating for the private ownership of the spectrum, framed as a threat to free television.
Free TV campaign
In mid-2014, an NAB advertising campaign against a Congressional threat appeared, advocating viewers to defeat a cable-TV lobby.
Similar organizations
Organizations similar to the NAB exist in individual U.S. states, including Georgia Association of Broadcasters (GAB) in Georgia, and the Illinois Broadcasters Association (IBA), in Illinois. In Canada, the Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB) has a similar role. Who are the CEO of National Association of Broadcasters |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "give me a list of places I have to visit in Rome.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Colosseum\n2. Fontana di trevi\n3. Vatican museums\n4.St.Peter's Basilica\n5. Roman Forum\n6. Pantheon\n7. Piazza Navona\n8. Piazza Spagna\n9. Villa Borghese\n10.Castel Sant'Angelo",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| give me a list of places I have to visit in Rome. |
classification | [
{
"content": "which is the odd one out? Spoon, Pen, Knife, Fork",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pen is the odd one out. The rest are silverware we use for eating",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| which is the odd one out? Spoon, Pen, Knife, Fork |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the three original citrus fruits?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Contrary to popular belief, the three original citrus fruits are the mandarin, pomelo and citron. All other popular fruits such as the bitter orange, lemons or grapefruit are all hybrids.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the three original citrus fruits? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Van Zyl joined the Eastern Province Kings Academy, where he played for the Eastern Province U19 side in the 2010 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He was a key player for the Eastern Province U21 side in the 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 71 points in eight appearances. Van Zyl was under the Top SARU Performers, scoring the most tries at 6 in the 2012 Provincial Under 21 in the Rugby Junior Provincials.\n\nThis included a record and a remarkable personal haul in their opening match, when he scored 36 of his team's points in a 61–3 victory over Boland U21, consisting of four tries and eight conversions and was awarded Man of the Match. Who was Kyle Van Zyl playing against when he scored 36 of hisa teams 61 points?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Kyle Van Zyl was playing against Boland U21 when he scored 36 points, leading his team to victory in a 61-3 win.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Van Zyl joined the Eastern Province Kings Academy, where he played for the Eastern Province U19 side in the 2010 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He was a key player for the Eastern Province U21 side in the 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 71 points in eight appearances. Van Zyl was under the Top SARU Performers, scoring the most tries at 6 in the 2012 Provincial Under 21 in the Rugby Junior Provincials.
This included a record and a remarkable personal haul in their opening match, when he scored 36 of his team's points in a 61–3 victory over Boland U21, consisting of four tries and eight conversions and was awarded Man of the Match. Who was Kyle Van Zyl playing against when he scored 36 of hisa teams 61 points? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a Flat Earth Society",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Flat Earth Society is a group of like minded people who believe the earth to be flat rather than round. Although science has proven the existence of our earth as a circular mass orbiting the sun in the solar system, the Flat Earthers firmly believe it to be a propaganda and continue to hold the belief that the earth is actually flat and not round.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a Flat Earth Society |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2017. Moonlight became the first film with an all-black cast and the first LGBT-themed film to win Best Picture. In an event unprecedented in the history of the Oscars, La La Land was incorrectly announced as the Best Picture, and, a few minutes later, the error was corrected and Moonlight was declared the winner. O.J.: Made in America, at 467 minutes, became the longest film to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute long War and Peace, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969. Following the five-part documentary's win, new academy rules barred any \"multi-part or limited series\" from being eligible for documentary categories. With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, he and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Emmy, and Tony wins. Which movie was originally declared the winner for Best Picture?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "La La Land was originally declared the winner for Best Picture",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2017. Moonlight became the first film with an all-black cast and the first LGBT-themed film to win Best Picture. In an event unprecedented in the history of the Oscars, La La Land was incorrectly announced as the Best Picture, and, a few minutes later, the error was corrected and Moonlight was declared the winner. O.J.: Made in America, at 467 minutes, became the longest film to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute long War and Peace, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969. Following the five-part documentary's win, new academy rules barred any "multi-part or limited series" from being eligible for documentary categories. With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, he and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Emmy, and Tony wins. Which movie was originally declared the winner for Best Picture? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is dialtune drums?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Dialtune is a cable tuning system for drums. Using separate dials for the top and bottom heads, drummers can find the exact sound they're looking for faster, change drumheads in under a minute, and explore new creative possibilities without compromise. While Cable tuning is not new, Dialtune has improved upon it with a patented system that makes it the only cable-tuning drum that can independently tune the top and bottom heads using separate dials on either side of the drum. Additionally, changing drumheads doesn't require removing the cable. Dialtune's quick-release hoops make changing a drumhead simple and easy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is dialtune drums? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me what continent are these countries located: China, United States, India, France, Brazil.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "China and India are in Asia, United States is in North America, France is in Europe, and Brazil is in South America.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me what continent are these countries located: China, United States, India, France, Brazil. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Would you rather be stuck on a broken ski lift or a broken elevator?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "While both are not ideal situations, at least with the ski lift, you get to have a view and fresh air. It’s also important in terms of communication, if you are stuck in an elevator during a black-out , it might be challenging to communicate before help can arrive. This is important if you are claustrophobic.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Would you rather be stuck on a broken ski lift or a broken elevator? |
classification | [
{
"content": "You are planning a trip and want to travel only in the Southern Hemisphere in the first half, and only the Northern Hemisphere in the second half. Sort the countries in your itinerary into 'Southern Hemisphere' and 'Northern Hemisphere'. Your itinerary includes: Fiji, Brazil, Australia, China, Argentina, India, Canada, and South Africa.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Most countries are in the Northern Hemisphere. These include: Brazil, China, India and Canada. Countries in the Southern Hemisphere are: Australia, South Africa, Argentina and Fiji.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| You are planning a trip and want to travel only in the Southern Hemisphere in the first half, and only the Northern Hemisphere in the second half. Sort the countries in your itinerary into 'Southern Hemisphere' and 'Northern Hemisphere'. Your itinerary includes: Fiji, Brazil, Australia, China, Argentina, India, Canada, and South Africa. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is your favorite piece of classical music?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I'm not sure if I have a single favorite piece, as my tastes and preferences tend to change over time. But right now I am really enjoying a piece called \"Habanera\" from the opera Carmen, written by Georges Bizet. Previously I was listening and playing along to several musical impromptus by Schubert.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is your favorite piece of classical music? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify if the following are hollywood or bollywood movies: Zanjeer; The Shawshank redemption; Sholay; Pride & prejudice",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Zanjeer and Sholay are bollywood moves. The Shawshank redemption and Pride & Prejudice are hollywood movies.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify if the following are hollywood or bollywood movies: Zanjeer; The Shawshank redemption; Sholay; Pride & prejudice |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these countries hosted the Olympics: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, \"Eswatini , Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine State, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Country,Hosted Olympic?\n Albania,No\n Algeria,No\n Andorra,No\n Angola,No\n Antigua and Barbuda,No\n Argentina,No\n Armenia,No\n Australia,Yes\n Austria,Yes\n Azerbaijan,No\n Bahamas,No\n Bahrain,No\n Bangladesh,No\n Barbados,No\n Belarus,No\n Belgium,Yes\n Belize,No\n Benin,No\n Bhutan,No\n Bolivia,No\n Bosnia and Herzegovina,No\n Botswana,No\n Brazil,Yes\n Brunei,No\n Bulgaria,No\n Burkina Faso,No\n Burundi,No\n Côte d'Ivoire,No\n Cabo Verde,No\n Cambodia,No\n Cameroon,No\n Canada,Yes\n Central African Republic,No\n Chad,No\n Chile,No\n China,Yes\n Colombia,No\n Comoros,No\n Congo (Congo-Brazzaville),No\n Costa Rica,No\n Croatia,No\n Cuba,No\n Cyprus,No\n Czechia (Czech Republic),No\n Democratic Republic of the Congo,No\n Denmark,No\n Djibouti,No\n Dominica,No\n Dominican Republic,No\n Ecuador,No\n Egypt,No\n El Salvador,No\n Equatorial Guinea,No\n Eritrea,No\n Estonia,No\n Eswatini ,No\n Ethiopia,No\n Fiji,No\n Finland,Yes\n France,Yes\n Gabon,No\n Gambia,No\n Georgia,No\n Germany,Yes\n Ghana,No\n Greece,Yes\n Grenada,No\n Guatemala,No\n Guinea,No\n Guinea-Bissau,No\n Guyana,No\n Haiti,No\n Holy See,No\n Honduras,No\n Hungary,No\n Iceland,No\n India,No\n Indonesia,No\n Iran,No\n Iraq,No\n Ireland,No\n Israel,No\n Italy,Yes\n Jamaica,No\n Japan,Yes\n Jordan,No\n Kazakhstan,No\n Kenya,No\n Kiribati,No\n Kuwait,No\n Kyrgyzstan,No\n Laos,No\n Latvia,No\n Lebanon,No\n Lesotho,No\n Liberia,No\n Libya,No\n Liechtenstein,No\n Lithuania,No\n Luxembourg,No\n Madagascar,No\n Malawi,No\n Malaysia,No\n Maldives,No\n Mali,No\n Malta,No\n Marshall Islands,No\n Mauritania,No\n Mauritius,No\n Mexico,Yes\n Micronesia,No\n Moldova,No\n Monaco,No\n Mongolia,No\n Montenegro,No\n Morocco,No\n Mozambique,No\n Myanmar (formerly Burma),No\n Namibia,No\n Nauru,No\n Nepal,No\n Netherlands,Yes\n New Zealand,No\n Nicaragua,No\n Niger,No\n Nigeria,No\n North Korea,No\n North Macedonia,No\n Norway,Yes\n Oman,No\n Pakistan,No\n Palau,No\n Palestine State,No\n Panama,No\n Papua New Guinea,No\n Paraguay,No\n Peru,No\n Philippines,No\n Poland,No\n Portugal,No\n Qatar,No\n Romania,No\n Russia,No\n Rwanda,No\n Saint Kitts and Nevis,No\n Saint Lucia,No\n Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,No\n Samoa,No\n San Marino,No\n Sao Tome and Principe,No\n Saudi Arabia,No\n Senegal,No\n Serbia,No\n Seychelles,No\n Sierra Leone,No\n Singapore,No\n Slovakia,No\n Slovenia,No\n Solomon Islands,No\n Somalia,No\n South Africa,No\n South Korea,Yes\n South Sudan,No\n Spain,Yes\n Sri Lanka,No\n Sudan,No\n Suriname,No\n Sweden,Yes\n Switzerland,Yes\n Syria,No\n Tajikistan,No\n Tanzania,No\n Thailand,No\n Timor-Leste,No\n Togo,No\n Tonga,No\n Trinidad and Tobago,No\n Tunisia,No\n Turkey,No\n Turkmenistan,No\n Tuvalu,No\n Uganda,No\n Ukraine,No\n United Arab Emirates,No\n United Kingdom,Yes\n United States of America,No\n Uruguay,No\n Uzbekistan,No\n Vanuatu,No\n Venezuela,No\n Vietnam,No\n Yemen,No\n Zambia,No\n Zimbabwe,No",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these countries hosted the Olympics: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, "Eswatini , Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine State, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's persistent attempts to cover up its involvement in the June 17, 1972 break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Washington, D.C., Watergate Office Building. Who were the major players in the Watergate conspiracy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The list begins with the President of the United States, Richard Nixon. John Dean served as the Counsel to the President, and was a lead witness whose testimony blew the case wide open, naming many top presidential aides as being closely involved. H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and John Mitchell were all senior members of the administration who resigned in disgraced and were convicted. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy played major roles in the Watergate break-in. \n\nA major figure in the conspiracy was Daniel Ellsberg, but not for any wrongdoing. Rather, he was a target of the Nixon White House, and an attempted burglary of his psychiatrist's office was just one of the illegal acts that the White House covered up.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's persistent attempts to cover up its involvement in the June 17, 1972 break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Washington, D.C., Watergate Office Building. Who were the major players in the Watergate conspiracy? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a bulleted list of ways to get around New York City.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The following is a bulleted list of ways to get around New York City:\n- The New York City Subway\n- A taxi cab\n- Walking\n- A rideshare car service such as Uber or Lyft\n- A rideshare moped service such as Revel\n- New York City's public buses\n- New York City's ferry service\n- A rideshare bicycle such as Citibike\n- Driving your personal vehicle\n- Riding your personal bicycle\n- Rollerblading or roller-skating\n- Taking a pedicab\n- Taking a scooter",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a bulleted list of ways to get around New York City. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Apply the traditional western culture label (domesticated pet, farm animal, wild animal) to each of the following animals: dog, sheep, horse, wolf, cat, zebra, cow",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "dog: Domesticated pet\n\nsheep: Farm animal\n\nhorse: Farm animal\n\nwolf: Wild animal\n\ncat: Domesticated pet\n\nzebra: Wild animal\n\ncow: Farm animal",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Apply the traditional western culture label (domesticated pet, farm animal, wild animal) to each of the following animals: dog, sheep, horse, wolf, cat, zebra, cow |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of the greatest basketball players of all time.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Michael Jordan and Lebron James are often considered as the two greatest basketball players of all time. In addition, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Bill Russell, Magic Johnson, Kobe Bryant, and Larry Bird are all considered amongst the best basketball players to play the game.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of the greatest basketball players of all time. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Think up some ways to pass the time on a long airplane flight.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here are some ways to pass the time on an airplane flight:\n1. Watch a TV show or a movie. Many subscription services allow downloading media for offline consumption. Alternatively, some airlines will offer complimentary movies and TV shows to watch.\n2. Read a book. If you are using an e-reader, make sure to download books before the flight.\n3. Listen to music or a podcast. Download your album or catch up on podcasts on your flight. This can help you relax until you arrive at your destination.\n4. Sleep. This will pass the time quickly. If you have trouble sleeping in airplanes, consider using a travel pillow. This can also help energize you so you land ready for any activities you have planned.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Think up some ways to pass the time on a long airplane flight. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Sarcosuchus, Plains Bison",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sarcosuchus is extinct, Plains Bison is alive.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Sarcosuchus, Plains Bison |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as either typical indoor or outdoor sports: Chess, Carrom, Cricket, Billiards, Table Tennis, Field Hockey, Rugby, Snooker, Soccer and Boxing",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Chess - Indoor\nCarrom - Indoor \nCricket - Outdoor \nBilliards - Indoor \nTable Tennis - Indoor \nField Hockey - Outdoor \nRugby - Outdoor \nSnooker - Indoor \nSoccer - Outdoor \nBoxing - Indoor",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as either typical indoor or outdoor sports: Chess, Carrom, Cricket, Billiards, Table Tennis, Field Hockey, Rugby, Snooker, Soccer and Boxing |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some of the highest quality, full flavored cigars I can buy in the united states?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Due to the US embargo banning importation of products from Cuba in the mid 20th century, the storied Cuban cigar has not been able to be legally purchased by US consumers.With that said, there are numerous highly regarded cigar makers in countries like Nicargua, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras whose cigars rival the best Cuban cigars, many of them full flavored. Here are a few options to consider:\n\nArturo Fuente Opus X - this is a highly complex, highly sought after, full-flavored cigar from the Dominican Republic that retails for ~$25 for a single, making it an expensive choice for a regular cigar smoker. With that said, it is near the top of the list of favorites for most cigar aficianados.\n\nPadron Serie 1926 - this is a creamy, chocolatey cigar from Nicaragua that retails for around $17, making it a slightly more affordable option, though still a premium selection. These are produced in higher volume than the Opus, which makes them easier to fine.\n\nAshton VSG - this is a Dominican cigar, with VSG standing for \"Virgin Sun Grown.\" The flavor profile is very unique due to the sun grown wrapper. These are about $13 for a single at retail depending on size.\n\nThere are dozens of reputable cigar makers making thousands of cigars, but those above are longstanding staples of many avid cigar smokers in the US.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some of the highest quality, full flavored cigars I can buy in the united states? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Oji Hiroi (広井 王子, Hiroi Ōji, born 8 February 1954), real name Teruhisa Hiroi (廣井 照久, Hiroi Teruhisa), is an author and video game developer. He co-authored Samurai Crusader with Ryoichi Ikegami. He also created the Far East of Eden and Sakura Wars role-playing video game franchises, and wrote the Sakura Wars manga. Who is Oji Hiroi",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Oji Hiroi, born 8 February 1954), real name Teruhisa Hiroi, is an author and video game developer. He co-authored Samurai Crusader with Ryoichi Ikegami. He also created the Far East of Eden and Sakura Wars role-playing video game franchises, and wrote the Sakura Wars manga.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Oji Hiroi (広井 王子, Hiroi Ōji, born 8 February 1954), real name Teruhisa Hiroi (廣井 照久, Hiroi Teruhisa), is an author and video game developer. He co-authored Samurai Crusader with Ryoichi Ikegami. He also created the Far East of Eden and Sakura Wars role-playing video game franchises, and wrote the Sakura Wars manga. Who is Oji Hiroi |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Murray's performance in Sofia Coppola's Lost in Translation (2003) earned him a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. He has frequently collaborated with directors Ivan Reitman, Harold Ramis, Wes Anderson, Sofia Coppola, Jim Jarmusch, John McNaughton and the Farrelly brothers. He received Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Ghostbusters, Rushmore (1998), Hyde Park on Hudson (2012), St. Vincent (2014), On the Rocks (2020) and the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), for which he later won his second Primetime Emmy Award. What awards did Bill Murray receive for Lost in Translation?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bill Murray earned a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor for his role in Lost in Translation.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Murray's performance in Sofia Coppola's Lost in Translation (2003) earned him a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. He has frequently collaborated with directors Ivan Reitman, Harold Ramis, Wes Anderson, Sofia Coppola, Jim Jarmusch, John McNaughton and the Farrelly brothers. He received Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Ghostbusters, Rushmore (1998), Hyde Park on Hudson (2012), St. Vincent (2014), On the Rocks (2020) and the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), for which he later won his second Primetime Emmy Award. What awards did Bill Murray receive for Lost in Translation? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best University in Canada for computer Science?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To decide which university is the best university is a rather subjective choice, however the consensus (based on multiple University rankings) is that The University of Waterloo is the best school to study computer science.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best University in Canada for computer Science? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "What is Photosynthesis?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Photosynthesis is a process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Photosynthesis? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How are healthcare organizations thinking about their strategy to improve healthcare delivery?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "One popular model that many healthcare organizations use to set goals and measure their progress is known as the \"Quadruple Aim.\" This framework looks to achieve four simultaneous and interconnected goals: Improving the patient experience, Improving healthcare outcomes, reducing cost of care, and improving the working experience of healthcare providers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How are healthcare organizations thinking about their strategy to improve healthcare delivery? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Skate series distinguishes itself from other skateboarding video games with its unique control system, called \"Flick-it\", in which players execute tricks with brief, rapid movements of either or both analog sticks of a twin-stick gamepad. Players assume the role of a customizable skater and freely explore a fictional city in an open world setting, completing diverse and increasingly difficult challenges while being filmed by cameraman Giovanni Reda to unlock new areas, obtain new cosmetics and eventually rise to stardom. Along the way, they can encounter, compete with and even play as famous real-life skaters, including Danny Way, Terry Kennedy and Rob Dyrdek, and must eventually choose from among several authentic licensed skateboard gear firms to strike an endorsement with for exclusive skateboard parts and gear. Players can make use of session markers to quickly travel to or return to a location of their choosing. A special injury system called the \"Hall of Meat\" tracks injuries sustained during wipeouts, particularly broken bones, which is key to completing certain challenges. Tell me why people like the Skate video game series in one sentence",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "People like the Skate series because of its unique \"Flick-it\" controls, authenticity, and similarity to real world skateboarding.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Skate series distinguishes itself from other skateboarding video games with its unique control system, called "Flick-it", in which players execute tricks with brief, rapid movements of either or both analog sticks of a twin-stick gamepad. Players assume the role of a customizable skater and freely explore a fictional city in an open world setting, completing diverse and increasingly difficult challenges while being filmed by cameraman Giovanni Reda to unlock new areas, obtain new cosmetics and eventually rise to stardom. Along the way, they can encounter, compete with and even play as famous real-life skaters, including Danny Way, Terry Kennedy and Rob Dyrdek, and must eventually choose from among several authentic licensed skateboard gear firms to strike an endorsement with for exclusive skateboard parts and gear. Players can make use of session markers to quickly travel to or return to a location of their choosing. A special injury system called the "Hall of Meat" tracks injuries sustained during wipeouts, particularly broken bones, which is key to completing certain challenges. Tell me why people like the Skate video game series in one sentence |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some good places to visit in and around Austin?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Austin by itself is a mid size city in Central Texas. From a college town it has elevated itself to be a technology hub in the country in 2010s. Apart from a vibrant, musical feel and decent sized downtown area, there are some great places to visit, hangout and eat at. The Domain is a chic urban living area just north of downtown. Lake travis and the shoreline offer ample parks and hiking choices, and a must visit eat/drink location, The Oasis. West of Austin offers a peak at hill country, and Balcon Canyonlands, an open area for ample hiking opportunities. Mount Bonnell, a great short hike, and a beautiful view of sunset over colorado river. Barton Creek and Bee Cave also has a lot of activities going on. In the middle of downtown one can walk or bike on the boardwalk over ladybird lake, or just go chill at Zilker park.",
"role": "assistant"
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]
| What are some good places to visit in and around Austin? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "In 208, Cao Cao marched south with his army hoping to quickly unify the empire. Liu Biao's son Liu Cong surrendered Jing Province and Cao was able to capture a sizable fleet at Jiangling. Sun Quan, the successor to Sun Ce in the lower Yangtze, continued to resist. His advisor Lu Su secured an alliance with Liu Bei, himself a recent refugee from the north, and Zhou Yu was placed in command of Sun Quan's navy, along with a veteran general who served the Sun family, Cheng Pu. Their combined armies of 50,000 met Cao Cao's fleet and 200,000-strong force at Red Cliffs that winter. Cao Cao had to cross the mighty Yangtze River. So when he along with his fleet sailed down the river, many of his men fell to exhaustion, disease and the northerners were not very comfortable on ships and the marshy terrain. So when the two sides met for war at Wulin, Cao Cao wasn’t able to inflict any defeat on the Allied Force. On the other hand, General Huang Gai of Sun Quan’s army came up with a sneaky plan. He sent a forged letter to Cao Cao, stating that he and others wanted to inflict to his side and they would also bring some of the finest ships of the allies. But little did Cao know that the ships were full of flammable reeds. So when they sailed and approached his fleet, they were set alight and they destroyed Cao Cao’s fleet and camps. Seeing the hopeless situation, Cao Cao ordered his army for a difficult retreat through the Marshlands, during which more of his men fell to disease and exhaustion. The allied victory at Red Cliffs ensured the survival of Liu Bei and Sun Quan, and provided the basis for the states of Shu and Wu. Could you tell me how Cao Cao's fleet got destroyed during the battle of Red Cliffs based on this paragraph?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cao Cao's fleet got set on fire by the General Huang Gai. Huang Gai initially informed Cao Cao that he'd betray the Allied Force formed by Liu Bei and Sun Quan. But Huang Gai was actually trying to take this chance to send ships loaded with flammable reeds to Cao Cao's fleet. Cao Cao took the bait and accepted the offer from Huang Gai. Then, when Huang Gai's ships arrived, the Allied Force set Cao Cao's fleet and camps on fire and essentially destroyed Cao Cao's army.",
"role": "assistant"
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| In 208, Cao Cao marched south with his army hoping to quickly unify the empire. Liu Biao's son Liu Cong surrendered Jing Province and Cao was able to capture a sizable fleet at Jiangling. Sun Quan, the successor to Sun Ce in the lower Yangtze, continued to resist. His advisor Lu Su secured an alliance with Liu Bei, himself a recent refugee from the north, and Zhou Yu was placed in command of Sun Quan's navy, along with a veteran general who served the Sun family, Cheng Pu. Their combined armies of 50,000 met Cao Cao's fleet and 200,000-strong force at Red Cliffs that winter. Cao Cao had to cross the mighty Yangtze River. So when he along with his fleet sailed down the river, many of his men fell to exhaustion, disease and the northerners were not very comfortable on ships and the marshy terrain. So when the two sides met for war at Wulin, Cao Cao wasn’t able to inflict any defeat on the Allied Force. On the other hand, General Huang Gai of Sun Quan’s army came up with a sneaky plan. He sent a forged letter to Cao Cao, stating that he and others wanted to inflict to his side and they would also bring some of the finest ships of the allies. But little did Cao know that the ships were full of flammable reeds. So when they sailed and approached his fleet, they were set alight and they destroyed Cao Cao’s fleet and camps. Seeing the hopeless situation, Cao Cao ordered his army for a difficult retreat through the Marshlands, during which more of his men fell to disease and exhaustion. The allied victory at Red Cliffs ensured the survival of Liu Bei and Sun Quan, and provided the basis for the states of Shu and Wu. Could you tell me how Cao Cao's fleet got destroyed during the battle of Red Cliffs based on this paragraph? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1997. They consist of vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, drummer Will Champion and creative director Phil Harvey. They met at University College London and began playing music together from 1997 to 1998, initially calling themselves Starfish. Who are Coldplay",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1997. They consist of vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, drummer Will Champion and creative director Phil Harvey.\n\nThey met at University College London and began playing music together from 1997 to 1998, initially calling themselves Starfish.",
"role": "assistant"
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| Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1997. They consist of vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, drummer Will Champion and creative director Phil Harvey. They met at University College London and began playing music together from 1997 to 1998, initially calling themselves Starfish. Who are Coldplay |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The children of Bill 101 (les enfants de la loi 101) is the name given to the generation of children whose parents immigrated to Quebec, Canada after the adoption of the 1977 Charter of the French Language (Bill 101).\n\nOne of the Charter's articles stipulates that all children under 16 must receive their primary and secondary education in French schools, unless one of the child's parents has received most of their education in English, in Canada, or the child or the child's sibling has already received a substantial part of their education in English, in Canada. If a child qualifies for a certificate of eligibility for instruction in English under one of those criteria, then the certificate is permanent and can be passed on to future generations even if the child ends up attending French instead of English school. The permanent certificate can only be granted if one of the child's parents is a Canadian citizen. In addition, children of foreign temporary residents living in Quebec on study or work permits, as well as children of diplomats, can also obtain a temporary certificate of eligibility that is only valid for the duration of their permit. Who were the children of Bill 101",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The children of Bill 101 (les enfants de la loi 101) is the name given to the generation of children whose parents immigrated to Quebec, Canada after the adoption of the 1977 Charter of the French Language (Bill 101).\n\nOne of the Charter's articles stipulates that all children under 16 must receive their primary and secondary education in French schools, unless one of the child's parents has received most of their education in English, in Canada, or the child or the child's sibling has already received a substantial part of their education in English, in Canada.",
"role": "assistant"
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]
| The children of Bill 101 (les enfants de la loi 101) is the name given to the generation of children whose parents immigrated to Quebec, Canada after the adoption of the 1977 Charter of the French Language (Bill 101).
One of the Charter's articles stipulates that all children under 16 must receive their primary and secondary education in French schools, unless one of the child's parents has received most of their education in English, in Canada, or the child or the child's sibling has already received a substantial part of their education in English, in Canada. If a child qualifies for a certificate of eligibility for instruction in English under one of those criteria, then the certificate is permanent and can be passed on to future generations even if the child ends up attending French instead of English school. The permanent certificate can only be granted if one of the child's parents is a Canadian citizen. In addition, children of foreign temporary residents living in Quebec on study or work permits, as well as children of diplomats, can also obtain a temporary certificate of eligibility that is only valid for the duration of their permit. Who were the children of Bill 101 |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who explored New World?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Christopher Columbus",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who explored New World? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Is it better to invest in the stock market or to keep money in a savings account?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are key differences between investing in the stock market versus keeping money in a savings account. Savings accounts can be FDIC insured up to $250k (although there are services that can increase this limit such as Wealthfront) and thus are extremely safe places to store money, but these accounts generally have very low interest rates and thus the money will not grow quickly (or at all, compared to inflation). Generally it is recommended to keep an emergency fund available in savings accounts as they may need to be quickly accessible. \n\nThe stock market works differently - you are purchasing shares of a company, and ideally that company grows over time, thus increasing the value of the underlying stocks. People generally invest in the stock market in order to grow their money over time, although it is recommended to measure the success or failure of investments over a long time period (greater than 10 years). The broader US stock market has historically grown nearly 10%/year on average, although many years significantly deviate from that growth rate.",
"role": "assistant"
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]
| Is it better to invest in the stock market or to keep money in a savings account? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Missy Elliott references what infamous celebrity couple in \"Let Me Fix My Weave?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Missy Elliott references what infamous celebrity couple in "Let Me Fix My Weave?" |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the best rock and roll drummer of all time?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "John Bonham",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the best rock and roll drummer of all time? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS) is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy. The system offers a complete solution to detect and locate an incoming torpedo and to apply countermeasures to protect naval platform against torpedo attack. It was developed as a joint project of the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Kochi and the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL), Visakhapatnam. Bharat Electronics is manufacturing it India. What is the Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS)?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS) is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy. The system offers a complete solution to detect and locate an incoming torpedo and to apply countermeasures to protect naval platform against torpedo attack. It was developed as a joint project of the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Kochi and the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL), Visakhapatnam. Bharat Electronics is manufacturing it India. What is the Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS)? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the below as food or drinks.\nBiriyani, Pasta, Steak, cocktail, mocktail, wine",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Food - Biriyani, Pasta, Steak\nDrinks - cocktail, mocktail, wine",
"role": "assistant"
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]
| Classify the below as food or drinks.
Biriyani, Pasta, Steak, cocktail, mocktail, wine |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between love and affection?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Friendship and love are feelings close to each other, but there is a substantial difference. Friendship is a feeling that, if genuine, can last a lifetime. Love, on the other hand, is a more complex feeling that can change with the passage of time",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between love and affection? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How to find a boyfriend or girlfriend?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Finding a partner is a life topic. People fall in love in very different ways. Some people will start a relationship with friends after knowing each other for years, while some will love someone who was still a completely stranger yesterday. Some people will completely rely on serendipity to meet someone new, while some use dating apps to find a potential lover with clear purposes. There are no right ways to start a relationship, but a wrong relationship can be harmful to both sides. Therefore, you should take your take and never rush into a new relationship. Some tips for finding a BF or GF:\n1. Participate in more events to meet new people. For example, exercise classes, clubs of your hobby, volunteering, and parties can be a good start.\n2. Ask your friends to recommend some guy/girl they know. Friends can be a reliable source since they share similar background and experience with you.\n3. Be nice, honest and helpful to everyone you meet. This can help you to build good reputation in your friends circle so that people are more likely to be attracted by you.\n4. Know a person well before you start developing a romantic relationship with him/her. Some people may be very different as a friend vs. in a relationship. It's better to spend more time dating, knowing his/her life before making a decision.",
"role": "assistant"
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]
| How to find a boyfriend or girlfriend? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Fast food restaurants often aim some of their advertising directly at the youth population. McDonald's Happy Meals, which include a toy often tied in with a newly released family film, is a significant example. Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot introduced in 1963 and designed to appeal to young children, is another. In addition, in 1987 McDonald's incorporated a Play Place in their restaurants to further advertise to children, making their restaurants a more appealing environment for children. Additionally, from 1996 to 2006, Disney was an exclusive partner with McDonald's, linking their products together. They announced the end of this deal in May 2006, with some reports saying that Disney was worried about childhood obesity. Other than Disney, McDonald's has also been partnered with Nintendo since 1985, when the Nintendo Entertainment System was first introduced. In 1987, McDonald's also created a Nintendo play land in their restaurants where kids could play on Nintendo consoles while waiting for their food. During 2007, McDonald's began to provide WiFi from the Nintendo consoles; giving children the ability to play wherever they were. With also a target audience of children releasing these new films and incorporating toys, it uses the kids to reach out to their parents pockets because of their large investment. How has McDonald's target audience changed over time?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "McDonald's has consistently aimed their advertising directly at the youth population.\n\nStarting in 1963, they introduced Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot designed to appeal to young children. Over the years, McDonald's partnered with multiple companies that have products targeted at children, such as Nintendo and Disney.",
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]
| Fast food restaurants often aim some of their advertising directly at the youth population. McDonald's Happy Meals, which include a toy often tied in with a newly released family film, is a significant example. Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot introduced in 1963 and designed to appeal to young children, is another. In addition, in 1987 McDonald's incorporated a Play Place in their restaurants to further advertise to children, making their restaurants a more appealing environment for children. Additionally, from 1996 to 2006, Disney was an exclusive partner with McDonald's, linking their products together. They announced the end of this deal in May 2006, with some reports saying that Disney was worried about childhood obesity. Other than Disney, McDonald's has also been partnered with Nintendo since 1985, when the Nintendo Entertainment System was first introduced. In 1987, McDonald's also created a Nintendo play land in their restaurants where kids could play on Nintendo consoles while waiting for their food. During 2007, McDonald's began to provide WiFi from the Nintendo consoles; giving children the ability to play wherever they were. With also a target audience of children releasing these new films and incorporating toys, it uses the kids to reach out to their parents pockets because of their large investment. How has McDonald's target audience changed over time? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "I'm going on a hike and the weather is cold, how should I dress?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "When hiking, it is important to dress in layers. As you hike, your body will heat up, and you will want the flexibility to remove layers accordingly. They layers should consist of a base layer to wick away sweat, an insulating layer to help retain body heat, and an outer layer to shield from rain or wind. You should also consider weather like snow or rain as this may change what you need to bring.",
"role": "assistant"
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| I'm going on a hike and the weather is cold, how should I dress? |
classification | [
{
"content": "When completing a full distance triathlon for a personal best time, categorize the following as either ‘useful’, ‘not useful’, ‘dangerous’, or ‘neither’. A knife, pretzels, a bike helmet, a French horn, cowboy boots",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A knife is sharp and is dangerous to run, bike, and swim with, therefore a knife is considered dangerous. Pretzels are a great example of quick digesting carbohydrates and salt (to avoid cramping) so pretzels are considered useful. A bike helmet is useful to ensure that the bike portion is completed safely. There is no use for a French horn in a triathlon, especially when you’re attempting to complete it in a personal best time, therefore it’s not useful. Lastly, cowboy boots have spurs on the back which could hurt during the bike, run, and swim therefore they’re considered dangerous.",
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| When completing a full distance triathlon for a personal best time, categorize the following as either ‘useful’, ‘not useful’, ‘dangerous’, or ‘neither’. A knife, pretzels, a bike helmet, a French horn, cowboy boots |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679, \"GDPR\") is a Regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and of human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA areas. The GDPR's primary aim is to enhance individuals' control and rights over their personal data and to simplify the regulatory environment for international business. Superseding the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, the regulation contains provisions and requirements related to the processing of personal data of individuals, formally called \"data subjects\", who are located in the EEA, and applies to any enterprise—regardless of its location and the data subjects' citizenship or residence—that is processing the personal information of individuals inside the EEA.\nThe GDPR was adopted on 14 April 2016 and became enforceable beginning 25 May 2018. As the GDPR is a regulation, not a directive, it is directly binding and applicable, and provides flexibility for certain aspects of the regulation to be adjusted by individual member states.\n\nAccording to the European Commission, \"Personal data is information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual. If you cannot directly identify an individual from that information, then you need to consider whether the individual is still identifiable. You should take into account the information you are processing together with all the means reasonably likely to be used by either you or any other person to identify that individual.\" The precise definitions of terms such as \"personal data\", \"processing\", \"data subject\", \"controller\", and \"processor\" are stated in Article 4 of the Regulation. \n\nPrinciples\nPersonal data may not be processed unless there is at least one legal basis to do so. Article 6 states the lawful purposes are:\n\n(a) If the data subject has given consent to the processing of his or her personal data;\n(b) To fulfill contractual obligations with a data subject, or for tasks at the request of a data subject who is in the process of entering into a contract;\n(c) To comply with a data controller's legal obligations;\n(d) To protect the vital interests of a data subject or another individual;\n(e) To perform a task in the public interest or in official authority;\n(f) For the legitimate interests of a data controller or a third party, unless these interests are overridden by interests of the data subject or her or his rights according to the Charter of Fundamental Rights (especially in the case of children).\n\nSecurity of personal data\nControllers and processors of personal data must put in place appropriate technical and organizational measures to implement the data protection principles. Business processes that handle personal data must be designed and built with consideration of the principles and provide safeguards to protect data (for example, using pseudonymization or full anonymization where appropriate). Data controllers must design information systems with privacy in mind. For instance, using the highest-possible privacy settings by default, so that the datasets are not publicly available by default and cannot be used to identify a subject. No personal data may be processed unless this processing is done under one of the six lawful bases specified by the regulation (consent, contract, public task, vital interest, legitimate interest or legal requirement). When the processing is based on consent the data subject has the right to revoke it at any time.\n\nArticle 33 states the data controller is under a legal obligation to notify the supervisory authority without undue delay unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of the individuals. There is a maximum of 72 hours after becoming aware of the data breach to make the report. Individuals have to be notified if a high risk of an adverse impact is determined (Article 34). In addition, the data processor will have to notify the controller without undue delay after becoming aware of a personal data breach (Article 33). However, the notice to data subjects is not required if the data controller has implemented appropriate technical and organisational protection measures that render the personal data unintelligible to any person who is not authorised to access it, such as encryption (Article 34).\n\nData protection officer\n\nArticle 37 requires appointment of a data protection officer. If processing is carried out by a public authority (except for courts or independent judicial authorities when acting in their judicial capacity), or if processing operations involve regular and systematic monitoring of data subjects on a large scale, or if processing on a large scale of special categories of data and personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences (Articles 9 and Article 10) a data protection officer (DPO)—a person with expert knowledge of data protection law and practices—must be designated to assist the controller or processor in monitoring their internal compliance with the Regulation.\n\nA designated DPO can be a current member of staff of a controller or processor, or the role can be outsourced to an external person or agency through a service contract. In any case, the processing body must make sure that there is no conflict of interest in other roles or interests that a DPO may hold. The contact details for the DPO must be published by the processing organisation (for example, in a privacy notice) and registered with the supervisory authority.\n\nThe DPO is similar to a compliance officer and is also expected to be proficient at managing IT processes, data security (including dealing with cyberattacks) and other critical business continuity issues associated with the holding and processing of personal and sensitive data. The skill set required stretches beyond understanding legal compliance with data protection laws and regulations. The DPO must maintain a living data inventory of all data collected and stored on behalf of the organization. More details on the function and the role of data protection officer were given on 13 December 2016 (revised 5 April 2017) in a guideline document.\n\nOrganisations based outside the EU must also appoint an EU-based person as a representative and point of contact for their GDPR obligations (Article 27). This is a distinct role from a DPO, although there is overlap in responsibilities that suggest that this role can also be held by the designated DPO. Given a reference text about GDPR, tell me how GDPR helps to secure personal data.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "General Data Protection Regulation provides guidelines on storing and processing personal data. Personal data is any information about an identified or identifiable person, also known as the data subject. Personal data includes information such as their:\n\nname\naddress\nID card/passport number\nincome\ncultural profile\nInternet Protocol (IP) address\ndata held by a hospital or doctor (which uniquely identifies a person for health purposes).\n\nSpecial categories of data\nYou may not process personal data about someone's:\n\nracial or ethnic origin\nsexual orientation\npolitical opinions\nreligious or philosophical beliefs\ntrade-union membership\ngenetic, biometric or health data except in specific cases (e.g. when you've been given explicit consent or when processing is needed for reasons of substantial public interest, on the basis of EU or national law)\npersonal data related to criminal convictions and offences unless this is authorised by EU or national law.\n\nWho processes the personal data?\nDuring processing, personal data can pass through various different companies or organisations. Within this cycle there are two main profiles that deal with processing personal data:\n\nThe data controller - decides the purpose and way in which personal data is processed.\nThe data processor - holds and processes data on behalf of a data controller.\nWho monitors how personal data is processed within a company?\nThe Data Protection Officer (DPO), who may have been designated by the company, is responsible for monitoring how personal data is processed and to inform and advise employees who process personal data about their obligations. The DPO also cooperates with the Data Protection Authority (DPA), serving as a contact point towards the DPA and individuals.\n\nProcessing data for another company\nA data controller can only use a data processor who offers sufficient guarantees, these should be included in a written contract between the parties involved. The contract must also contain a number of mandatory clauses, e.g. that the data processor will only process personal data when instructed to do so by the data controller.\n\nData transfer outside the EU\nWhen personal data is transferred outside the EU, the protection offered by the GDPR should travel with the data. This means that if you export data abroad, your company must ensure one of the following measures are adhered to:\n\nThe non-EU country's protections are deemed adequate by the EU.\nYour company takes the necessary measures to provide appropriate safeguards, such as including specific clauses in the agreed contract with the non-European importer of the personal data.\nYour company relies on specific grounds for the transfer (derogations) such as the consent of the individual.\nWhen is data processing allowed?\nEU data protection rules mean you should process data in a fair and lawful manner, for a specified and legitimate purpose and only process the data necessary to fulfil this purpose. You must ensure that you fulfil one of the following conditions to process the personal data; you:\n\nhave been given the consent of the individual concerned\nneed the personal data to fulfil a contractual obligation with the individual\nneed the personal data to satisfy a legal obligation\nneed the personal data to protect the vital interests of the individual\nprocess personal data to carry out the task in the interest of the public\nare acting in your company's legitimate interests, as long as the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual whose data are processed are not seriously impacted. If the person's rights override your company's interests, then you cannot process the personal data.\n\n\nAgreeing to data processing - consent\nRight to access and right to data portability\nRight to correct and right to object\nRight to erasure (right to be forgotten)\nAutomated decision-making and profiling\nData breaches – providing proper notification\nResponding to requests\nImpact assessments\nKeeping a record",
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| The General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679, "GDPR") is a Regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and of human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA areas. The GDPR's primary aim is to enhance individuals' control and rights over their personal data and to simplify the regulatory environment for international business. Superseding the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, the regulation contains provisions and requirements related to the processing of personal data of individuals, formally called "data subjects", who are located in the EEA, and applies to any enterprise—regardless of its location and the data subjects' citizenship or residence—that is processing the personal information of individuals inside the EEA.
The GDPR was adopted on 14 April 2016 and became enforceable beginning 25 May 2018. As the GDPR is a regulation, not a directive, it is directly binding and applicable, and provides flexibility for certain aspects of the regulation to be adjusted by individual member states.
According to the European Commission, "Personal data is information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual. If you cannot directly identify an individual from that information, then you need to consider whether the individual is still identifiable. You should take into account the information you are processing together with all the means reasonably likely to be used by either you or any other person to identify that individual." The precise definitions of terms such as "personal data", "processing", "data subject", "controller", and "processor" are stated in Article 4 of the Regulation.
Principles
Personal data may not be processed unless there is at least one legal basis to do so. Article 6 states the lawful purposes are:
(a) If the data subject has given consent to the processing of his or her personal data;
(b) To fulfill contractual obligations with a data subject, or for tasks at the request of a data subject who is in the process of entering into a contract;
(c) To comply with a data controller's legal obligations;
(d) To protect the vital interests of a data subject or another individual;
(e) To perform a task in the public interest or in official authority;
(f) For the legitimate interests of a data controller or a third party, unless these interests are overridden by interests of the data subject or her or his rights according to the Charter of Fundamental Rights (especially in the case of children).
Security of personal data
Controllers and processors of personal data must put in place appropriate technical and organizational measures to implement the data protection principles. Business processes that handle personal data must be designed and built with consideration of the principles and provide safeguards to protect data (for example, using pseudonymization or full anonymization where appropriate). Data controllers must design information systems with privacy in mind. For instance, using the highest-possible privacy settings by default, so that the datasets are not publicly available by default and cannot be used to identify a subject. No personal data may be processed unless this processing is done under one of the six lawful bases specified by the regulation (consent, contract, public task, vital interest, legitimate interest or legal requirement). When the processing is based on consent the data subject has the right to revoke it at any time.
Article 33 states the data controller is under a legal obligation to notify the supervisory authority without undue delay unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of the individuals. There is a maximum of 72 hours after becoming aware of the data breach to make the report. Individuals have to be notified if a high risk of an adverse impact is determined (Article 34). In addition, the data processor will have to notify the controller without undue delay after becoming aware of a personal data breach (Article 33). However, the notice to data subjects is not required if the data controller has implemented appropriate technical and organisational protection measures that render the personal data unintelligible to any person who is not authorised to access it, such as encryption (Article 34).
Data protection officer
Article 37 requires appointment of a data protection officer. If processing is carried out by a public authority (except for courts or independent judicial authorities when acting in their judicial capacity), or if processing operations involve regular and systematic monitoring of data subjects on a large scale, or if processing on a large scale of special categories of data and personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences (Articles 9 and Article 10) a data protection officer (DPO)—a person with expert knowledge of data protection law and practices—must be designated to assist the controller or processor in monitoring their internal compliance with the Regulation.
A designated DPO can be a current member of staff of a controller or processor, or the role can be outsourced to an external person or agency through a service contract. In any case, the processing body must make sure that there is no conflict of interest in other roles or interests that a DPO may hold. The contact details for the DPO must be published by the processing organisation (for example, in a privacy notice) and registered with the supervisory authority.
The DPO is similar to a compliance officer and is also expected to be proficient at managing IT processes, data security (including dealing with cyberattacks) and other critical business continuity issues associated with the holding and processing of personal and sensitive data. The skill set required stretches beyond understanding legal compliance with data protection laws and regulations. The DPO must maintain a living data inventory of all data collected and stored on behalf of the organization. More details on the function and the role of data protection officer were given on 13 December 2016 (revised 5 April 2017) in a guideline document.
Organisations based outside the EU must also appoint an EU-based person as a representative and point of contact for their GDPR obligations (Article 27). This is a distinct role from a DPO, although there is overlap in responsibilities that suggest that this role can also be held by the designated DPO. Given a reference text about GDPR, tell me how GDPR helps to secure personal data. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "How to become a good team player?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To become a good team player, one needs to be:\nConsiderate to other team members and\nWilling to help and go above and beyond to help teammates\nNot only that, they actually should instill a positive attitude towards all team members and be always ready to help and leave things better then it was\nThere is no \"i\" in team",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How to become a good team player? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rainstick, Tiple",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tiple is string, Rainstick is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rainstick, Tiple |
classification | [
{
"content": "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Emu, Ostrich, Kiwi, Eagle",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The listed words include types of birds that can be found in different parts of the world. The answer to the question is Eagle as the rest of the birds listed are all flightless birds",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Choose the word which is different from the rest: Emu, Ostrich, Kiwi, Eagle |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Shauraseni Prakrit (Sanskrit: शौरसेनी प्राकृत, Śaurasenī Prākṛta) was a Middle Indo-Aryan language and a Dramatic Prakrit. Shauraseni was the chief language used in drama in medieval northern India. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries, though it was probably a spoken vernacular around the 2nd century BCE in the ancient state of Surasena. Among the Prakrits, Shauraseni is said to be the one most closely related to Classical Sanskrit in that it \"is derived from the Old Indian Indo-Aryan dialect of the Madhyadeśa on which Classical Sanskrit was mainly based.\": 3–4 Its descendants include the languages of the Hindi Belt, the Central Zone of modern Indo-Aryan or Hindi languages, the standard registers of the Hindustani language based on the Delhi dialect. What kind of language is Shauraseni Prakrit",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Shauraseni Prakrit was a Middle Indo-Aryan language and a Dramatic Prakrit. Shauraseni was the chief language used in drama in medieval northern India. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries, though it was probably a spoken vernacular around the 2nd century BCE in the ancient state of Surasena. \n\nAmong the Prakrits, Shauraseni is said to be the one most closely related to Classical Sanskrit in that it is derived from the Old Indian Indo-Aryan dialect of the Madhyadesa on which Classical Sanskrit was mainly based. Its descendants include the languages of the Hindi Belt, the Central Zone of modern Indo-Aryan or Hindi languages, the standard registers of the Hindustani language based on the Delhi dialect.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Shauraseni Prakrit (Sanskrit: शौरसेनी प्राकृत, Śaurasenī Prākṛta) was a Middle Indo-Aryan language and a Dramatic Prakrit. Shauraseni was the chief language used in drama in medieval northern India. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries, though it was probably a spoken vernacular around the 2nd century BCE in the ancient state of Surasena. Among the Prakrits, Shauraseni is said to be the one most closely related to Classical Sanskrit in that it "is derived from the Old Indian Indo-Aryan dialect of the Madhyadeśa on which Classical Sanskrit was mainly based.": 3–4 Its descendants include the languages of the Hindi Belt, the Central Zone of modern Indo-Aryan or Hindi languages, the standard registers of the Hindustani language based on the Delhi dialect. What kind of language is Shauraseni Prakrit |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best way to clean a cast iron pan that is heavily soiled?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Use a scrub brush or scrub sponge, but not one with any kind of metal in it. Contrary to popular opinion, you should be able to use soap if your pan is properly seasoned, because proper seasoning results from polymerization of oils across and to the pan itself, rather than just oil sitting on the surface of the pan. If necessary, you can re-season the pan, but this is usually excessive.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best way to clean a cast iron pan that is heavily soiled? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pterodactyl, Snow Leopard",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Snow Leopard is alive, Pterodactyl is extinct.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pterodactyl, Snow Leopard |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Anachemmis sober is a species of false wolf spiders & wandering spiders in the family Zoropsidae. It is found in the United States. What specie is the Anachemmis sober?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Anachemmis sober is part of the family of spiders of the species of false wolf.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Anachemmis sober is a species of false wolf spiders & wandering spiders in the family Zoropsidae. It is found in the United States. What specie is the Anachemmis sober? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The blood hammer phenomenon is a sudden increase of the upstream blood pressure in a blood vessel (especially artery or arteriole) when the bloodstream is abruptly blocked by vessel obstruction. The term \"blood-hammer\" was introduced in cerebral hemodynamics by analogy with the hydraulic expression \"water hammer\", already used in vascular physiology to designate an arterial pulse variety, the \"water-hammer pulse\". Complete understanding of the relationship between mechanical parameters in vascular occlusions is a critical issue, which can play an important role in the future diagnosis, understanding and treatment of vascular diseases. Given a reference text about the blood hammer phenomenon, tell me the background of the term \"blood-hammer\".",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The term \"blood-hammer\" was introduced by analogy with the hydraulic expression \"water hammer\" that was already used in vascular physiology.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The blood hammer phenomenon is a sudden increase of the upstream blood pressure in a blood vessel (especially artery or arteriole) when the bloodstream is abruptly blocked by vessel obstruction. The term "blood-hammer" was introduced in cerebral hemodynamics by analogy with the hydraulic expression "water hammer", already used in vascular physiology to designate an arterial pulse variety, the "water-hammer pulse". Complete understanding of the relationship between mechanical parameters in vascular occlusions is a critical issue, which can play an important role in the future diagnosis, understanding and treatment of vascular diseases. Given a reference text about the blood hammer phenomenon, tell me the background of the term "blood-hammer". |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What should I do if I'm feeling depressed?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It's completely normal to feel depressed from time to time. Life is hard, and sometimes it just seems meaningless. One thing you can do in this situation is to try something new that you haven't done before, like taking a walk in a neighborhood where you haven't been, hang out with a friend that you haven't talked to for awhile, taking a vacation and traveling to somewhere new, or even just reading a new book or watching a new movie. New experiences can give you new perspectives in unexpected ways.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What should I do if I'm feeling depressed? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are people migrating in the US from the NE and Mid-West to the South and SE?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Remote work has eliminated the requirement to live close to the office",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are people migrating in the US from the NE and Mid-West to the South and SE? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Clarence Albert Pierce, Jr. (born October 1, 1928) is an American politician in the state of Mississippi. He served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1952 to 1984. He was a teacher and farmer. He attended the University of Mississippi, graduating in 1950. Pierce served as an assistant to Senator James Eastland when the Mississippi House was not in session. Clarence Albert Pierce, Jr., tell me where he was born and what college he went attended.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Clarence Albert Pierce, Jr. was born on October 1, 1928 and attended the University of Mississippi.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Clarence Albert Pierce, Jr. (born October 1, 1928) is an American politician in the state of Mississippi. He served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1952 to 1984. He was a teacher and farmer. He attended the University of Mississippi, graduating in 1950. Pierce served as an assistant to Senator James Eastland when the Mississippi House was not in session. Clarence Albert Pierce, Jr., tell me where he was born and what college he went attended. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is better : Superman or Batman?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "When it comes down to it, in every aspect, Superman is better than Batman. Superman is stronger, he's been around longer, he's a hard-working man, and he's just a better person.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is better : Superman or Batman? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following are prime numbers: 7, 12, 23, 33, 64, 79, 97, and 100.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The numbers 7, 23, 79, and 97 are prime numbers. The numbers 12, 33, 64, and 100 are not.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following are prime numbers: 7, 12, 23, 33, 64, 79, 97, and 100. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which planets are part of the inner solar system and which are part of the outer solar system?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mercury - inner\nVenus - inner\nEarth - inner\nMars - inner\nJupiter - outer\nSaturn - outer\nUranus - outer\nNeptune - outer",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which planets are part of the inner solar system and which are part of the outer solar system? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best way to tune a snare drum?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The best way to tune a drum depends on which system the drum uses for tension. Newer technologies such as Dialtune's cable tuning system allow a drummer to quickly and evenly tune a drum head by turning separate dials for the top and bottom head. \n\nTraditional lug and tension rod drums use a drum key and require more attention to detail. For these drums, start by getting all tension rods finger-tight. Bring the snare drum up to tension with a full turn of a drum key of each one, moving in a star pattern around the drum. Use a drumstick to tap around the drum by each tension rod and listen for a consistent sound. \n\nOnce you have the overall sound in the range you’re looking for, test the pitch by tapping around the drum. For the snare’s resonant head, detune it like the batter head. Tune it ‘tabletop tight’: so flat you could confidently rest a drink on it (don’t do this, though). Bring up each tension rod another quarter turn. You want to hear the wires, but not so much that it overwhelms the attack. Tap the head beside each tension rod, then start to even out the pitch with the tension rods so they all match.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best way to tune a snare drum? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Born and raised in Oakland, California, Zendaya began her career as a child model and backup dancer. She made her television debut as Rocky Blue on the Disney Channel sitcom Shake It Up (2010–2013) and starred as the titular character in the sitcom K.C. Undercover (2015–2018), for the channel. Her feature film debut came in 2017 with the superhero film Spider-Man: Homecoming, and she later starred in its sequels. Zendaya's role as Rue Bennett, a struggling drug addicted teenager, in the HBO teen drama series Euphoria (2019–present) made her the youngest recipient of the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, which she won twice. Her film roles include the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), the romantic drama Malcolm & Marie (2021), and the science fiction epic Dune (2021). Please share some important points about actress Zendaya using given passage as a reference",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1.\tZendaya is born and grown up in Oakland, California.\n2.\tShe started her career as a child model and made her television debut as Rocky Blue in Shake It Up (2010–2013) and starred as the titular character in K.C. Undercover (2015–2018), on Disney Channel.\n3.\tZendaya made her film debut in 2017 with Spider-Man: Homecoming, and she later starred in its sequels.\n4.\tZendaya is the youngest recipient of the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, which she won twice for Zendaya's role as Rue Bennett, a struggling drug addicted teenager, in the HBO teen drama series Euphoria (2019–present).\n5.\tFew of her film roles include the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), the romantic drama Malcolm & Marie (2021), and the science fiction epic Dune (2021).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Born and raised in Oakland, California, Zendaya began her career as a child model and backup dancer. She made her television debut as Rocky Blue on the Disney Channel sitcom Shake It Up (2010–2013) and starred as the titular character in the sitcom K.C. Undercover (2015–2018), for the channel. Her feature film debut came in 2017 with the superhero film Spider-Man: Homecoming, and she later starred in its sequels. Zendaya's role as Rue Bennett, a struggling drug addicted teenager, in the HBO teen drama series Euphoria (2019–present) made her the youngest recipient of the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, which she won twice. Her film roles include the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), the romantic drama Malcolm & Marie (2021), and the science fiction epic Dune (2021). Please share some important points about actress Zendaya using given passage as a reference |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the total number of goals scored by this player when he played for the Sevilla team? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissam_Ben_Yedder#Club",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "38",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the total number of goals scored by this player when he played for the Sevilla team? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissam_Ben_Yedder#Club |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "What are some guidelines or rules for allowing a teen to use a mobile phone?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Advise the teen that the phone use is a privilege\nThe phone will be monitored\nPhone passwords must be disclosed\nPermission to install apps must be obtained from parent\nParental controls will be placed on the phone\nThe phone can only be used by you and not any friends/others\nThe phone use is restricted to certain times of the day",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some guidelines or rules for allowing a teen to use a mobile phone? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How data engineers are different from software engineers?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Data engineers build data systems and databases while software engineers create applications, software, and other products.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How data engineers are different from software engineers? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which phrases are French and which words are English: mon frère, c'est la vie, good morning, what's up, break the ice, bite the bullet, and je suis désolé.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The French phrases are: mon frère, c'est la vie, and je suis désolé. The English phrases are: good morning, what's up, break the ice, and bite the bullet.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which phrases are French and which words are English: mon frère, c'est la vie, good morning, what's up, break the ice, bite the bullet, and je suis désolé. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The autism spectrum, often referred to as just autism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or sometimes autism spectrum condition (ASC), identifies a loosely defined cluster of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by challenges in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and often repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Other common features include unusual responses to sensory stimuli and a preference for sameness or unusual adherence to routines.\nAutism is generally understood to be a spectrum disorder, as it can manifest differently in each person: any autistic individual is likely to show some, but not all, of the characteristics associated with it, and the person may exhibit them to varying degrees and frequencies.There is large variation in the support needs of autistic people, and some are nonspeaking, while others have proficient spoken language. What is Autism and how varied is the spectrum?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Autism is a highly variable neurodevelopmental disorder that is generally thought to cover a broad and deep spectrum, manifesting very differently from one person to another. Some have high support needs, may be non-speaking, and experience developmental delays; this is more likely with other co-existing diagnoses. Others have relatively low support needs; they may have more typical speech-language and intellectual skills but atypical social/conversation skills, narrowly focused interests, and wordy, pedantic communication.They may still require significant support in some areas of their lives. The spectrum model should not be understood as a continuum running from mild to severe, but instead means that autism can present very differently in each individual.How a person presents can depend on context, and may vary over time.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The autism spectrum, often referred to as just autism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or sometimes autism spectrum condition (ASC), identifies a loosely defined cluster of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by challenges in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and often repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Other common features include unusual responses to sensory stimuli and a preference for sameness or unusual adherence to routines.
Autism is generally understood to be a spectrum disorder, as it can manifest differently in each person: any autistic individual is likely to show some, but not all, of the characteristics associated with it, and the person may exhibit them to varying degrees and frequencies.There is large variation in the support needs of autistic people, and some are nonspeaking, while others have proficient spoken language. What is Autism and how varied is the spectrum? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Is Gillian Anderson an English actress?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No. Gillian Anderson is American. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. However, she spent many years living in England as a child and was able to develop an English accent. She is considered bidialectal and can switch between American and British accents. She currently lives in London.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is Gillian Anderson an English actress? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Cold Granite is the debut novel written by Stuart MacBride. It features Detective Sergeant Logan McRae (who is later nicknamed \"Lazarus\") as its central character, who works for Grampian Police in Aberdeen, Scotland. Logan McRae went on to feature in a series of books which became a bestseller series for MacBride.\n\nPlot\nIt is Logan McRae's first week back after being on sick leave for a year; courtesy of Angus Robertson (The Mastrick Monster) who carved him up with a knife. Someone is kidnapping children, murdering them and mutilating them afterwards. The local paper screams about police incompetence and is gunning for McRae's boss, Detective Inspector David Insch. McRae discovers that someone is leaking the stories to a journalist, Colin Miller, who inadvertently disrupts Grampian Polices' plans to apprehend the killer by revealing their plan to wait out in a secluded location which the killer thinks is safe.\n\nMcRae discovers that Miller's source is none other than his ex-girlfriend, Isobel McAlister, the police pathologist, who is now living with Miller and tells him about her day to unwind.\n\nMeanwhile, the local council worker who removes all the dead animals from the roads (affectionately called \"Roadkill\") is found to have a dead girl in his tip and another dead girl is discovered on the local rubbish dump. Tell me about the plot of the book Cold Granite",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cold Granite is the debut novel written by Stuart MacBride. It features Detective Sergeant Logan McRae (who is later nicknamed \"Lazarus\") as its central character, who works for Grampian Police in Aberdeen, Scotland. Logan McRae went on to feature in a series of books which became a bestseller series for MacBride.\n\nThe Plot goes as it is Logan McRae's first week back after being on sick leave for a year; courtesy of Angus Robertson (The Mastrick Monster) who carved him up with a knife. Someone is kidnapping children, murdering them and mutilating them afterwards. The local paper screams about police incompetence and is gunning for McRae's boss, Detective Inspector David Insch. McRae discovers that someone is leaking the stories to a journalist, Colin Miller, who inadvertently disrupts Grampian Polices' plans to apprehend the killer by revealing their plan to wait out in a secluded location which the killer thinks is safe.\n\nMcRae discovers that Miller's source is none other than his ex-girlfriend, Isobel McAlister, the police pathologist, who is now living with Miller and tells him about her day to unwind.\n\nMeanwhile, the local council worker who removes all the dead animals from the roads (affectionately called \"Roadkill\") is found to have a dead girl in his tip and another dead girl is discovered on the local rubbish dump.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Cold Granite is the debut novel written by Stuart MacBride. It features Detective Sergeant Logan McRae (who is later nicknamed "Lazarus") as its central character, who works for Grampian Police in Aberdeen, Scotland. Logan McRae went on to feature in a series of books which became a bestseller series for MacBride.
Plot
It is Logan McRae's first week back after being on sick leave for a year; courtesy of Angus Robertson (The Mastrick Monster) who carved him up with a knife. Someone is kidnapping children, murdering them and mutilating them afterwards. The local paper screams about police incompetence and is gunning for McRae's boss, Detective Inspector David Insch. McRae discovers that someone is leaking the stories to a journalist, Colin Miller, who inadvertently disrupts Grampian Polices' plans to apprehend the killer by revealing their plan to wait out in a secluded location which the killer thinks is safe.
McRae discovers that Miller's source is none other than his ex-girlfriend, Isobel McAlister, the police pathologist, who is now living with Miller and tells him about her day to unwind.
Meanwhile, the local council worker who removes all the dead animals from the roads (affectionately called "Roadkill") is found to have a dead girl in his tip and another dead girl is discovered on the local rubbish dump. Tell me about the plot of the book Cold Granite |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Cassoday is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States. It is known as the \"Prairie Chicken Capital of the World\". As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 113. Where is the \"Prairie Chicken Capital of the World\"?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cassoday, KS in Butler County, Kansas is known as the \"Prairie Chicken Capital of the World\". Its population in the 2020 census was 113 people.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Cassoday is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States. It is known as the "Prairie Chicken Capital of the World". As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 113. Where is the "Prairie Chicken Capital of the World"? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_storage Given these paragraphs about Hydrogen Storage, what have been the two main historical forms of storage?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_storage Given these paragraphs about Hydrogen Storage, what have been the two main historical forms of storage? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me 5 major attractions to see in Berlin",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Brandenburg Gate. This is a must visit location in Berlin and often times referred as Berlin's signature attraction.\n2. Berlin Television Tower. This TV tower or Fernsehturm as called in German, is the something that is hard of ignore even from farthest of the distances.\n3. Reichtag. It is Federal Govenment buiding of Germany. This building has been modernised and special attraction is its glass dome to capture a great glance of the city.\n4. Kurfürstendamm. It is Berlin's most famous shopping street.\n5. Checkpoint Charlie. Just something that attracts every tourist due to its historical significance.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me 5 major attractions to see in Berlin |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy. This difference in mass arises due to the difference in nuclear binding energy between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Nuclear fusion is the process that powers active or main-sequence stars and other high-magnitude stars, where large amounts of energy are released.\n\nA nuclear fusion process that produces atomic nuclei lighter than iron-56 or nickel-62 will generally release energy. These elements have a relatively small mass and a relatively large binding energy per nucleon. Fusion of nuclei lighter than these releases energy (an exothermic process), while the fusion of heavier nuclei results in energy retained by the product nucleons, and the resulting reaction is endothermic. The opposite is true for the reverse process, called nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion uses lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium, which are in general more fusible; while the heavier elements, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium, are more fissionable. The extreme astrophysical event of a supernova can produce enough energy to fuse nuclei into elements heavier than iron. Based on the above passage what are the heavier elements which are more fissionable?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "uranium, thorium and plutonium.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy. This difference in mass arises due to the difference in nuclear binding energy between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Nuclear fusion is the process that powers active or main-sequence stars and other high-magnitude stars, where large amounts of energy are released.
A nuclear fusion process that produces atomic nuclei lighter than iron-56 or nickel-62 will generally release energy. These elements have a relatively small mass and a relatively large binding energy per nucleon. Fusion of nuclei lighter than these releases energy (an exothermic process), while the fusion of heavier nuclei results in energy retained by the product nucleons, and the resulting reaction is endothermic. The opposite is true for the reverse process, called nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion uses lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium, which are in general more fusible; while the heavier elements, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium, are more fissionable. The extreme astrophysical event of a supernova can produce enough energy to fuse nuclei into elements heavier than iron. Based on the above passage what are the heavier elements which are more fissionable? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the most famous sport in the world",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Soccer is one of the most famous sports . With Fan base of ~4 Billion soccer is one support which can be considered to be most viewed sport in the the world.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the most famous sport in the world |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Where was the first publicly funded civil park?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The first publicly funded civil park is generally accepted to be Birkenhead Park, in England, United Kingdom.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where was the first publicly funded civil park? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Samsung E1200 (also known as Samsung Pusha and Samsung Keystone 2) is a mobile phone made by Samsung. This phone was released in 2012 through Tesco in the UK. It was discontinued in 2015 when the Samsung Guru FM E1202 was released as its successor. If the year is 2013, is the Samsung E1200 being produced?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes, the phone was released in 2012 and was not discontinued until 2015.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Samsung E1200 (also known as Samsung Pusha and Samsung Keystone 2) is a mobile phone made by Samsung. This phone was released in 2012 through Tesco in the UK. It was discontinued in 2015 when the Samsung Guru FM E1202 was released as its successor. If the year is 2013, is the Samsung E1200 being produced? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is my Chinese Zodiac sign (animal)?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are 12 Zodiac animals: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and boar. To find it, you can look up the lunar calendar. But the following way is a quick and traditional Chinese way to find it. \n\nCalculate the remainder of (Year of birth - 1900) / 12, and check the remainder with date of birth:\n\nDate of birth is before January 21: \nThe remainder = 0, Boar\nThe remainder = 1, Rat\nThe remainder = 2, Ox\nThe remainder = 3, Tiger\nThe remainder = 4, Rabbit\nThe remainder = 5, Dragon\nThe remainder = 6, Snake\nThe remainder = 7, Horse\nThe remainder = 8, Goat\nThe remainder = 9, Monkey\nThe remainder = 10, Rooster\nThe remainder = 11, Dog\n\nDate of birth is after February 20: \nThe remainder = 0, Rat\nThe remainder = 1, Ox\nThe remainder = 2, Tiger\nThe remainder = 3, Rabbit\nThe remainder = 4, Dragon\nThe remainder = 5, Snake\nThe remainder = 6, Horse\nThe remainder = 7, Goat\nThe remainder = 8, Monkey\nThe remainder = 9, Rooster\nThe remainder = 10, Dog\nThe remainder = 11, Boar\n\nFor those born between January 21 and February 20, the beginning of the Lunar New Year usually, please look up the lunar calendar which will provide the details.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is my Chinese Zodiac sign (animal)? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Romain Iannetta (born 27 November 1979 in Villecresnes) is a French racing driver who last competed in the GT4 European Series, driving the No. 77 Audi R8 LMS GT4 Evo for Full Motorsport. He also competes part-time in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series as the driver of the No. 46 Chevrolet Camaro for Marko Stipp Motorsport in the EuroNASCAR PRO class.\n\nHe is the nephew of driver Alain Iannetta who participated in 24 Hours of Le Mans three times (1988, 1989 and 1990).\n\nIn parallel to his passion, Romain is an instructor at the flight school PRO'PULSION (Dreux and Issoire) and driving Ferrari 360 Modena for JMB Racing. He also worked for many auto manufacturers at the launch of new vehicles on the market (Volkswagen, Audi, Citroën, Renault, Alfa Romeo...).\n\nIt began in 2000 in the trade of automotive stunt team CINE CASCADE directed by Jean-Claude Lagnes. It revolves mainly around feature films such as: Le Boulet, Ripoux 3, San Antonio, Hush!, Taxi, 36 Quai des Orfèvres, The Bourne Identity and The Mental Love your father.\n\nHe was awarded the World Stunt Awards in the United States for the best sequence on a vehicle for the year 2003 for the film \"The Bourne Identity\". Who is Romain Iannetta",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Romain Iannetta (born 27 November 1979 in Villecresnes) is a French racing driver who last competed in the GT4 European Series, driving the No. 77 Audi R8 LMS GT4 Evo for Full Motorsport. He also competes part-time in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series as the driver of the No. 46 Chevrolet Camaro for Marko Stipp Motorsport in the EuroNASCAR PRO class.\n\nHe is the nephew of driver Alain Iannetta who participated in 24 Hours of Le Mans three times (1988, 1989 and 1990).\n\nIn parallel to his passion, Romain is an instructor at the flight school PRO'PULSION (Dreux and Issoire) and driving Ferrari 360 Modena for JMB Racing. He also worked for many auto manufacturers at the launch of new vehicles on the market (Volkswagen, Audi, Citroen, Renault, Alfa Romeo...).\n\nIt began in 2000 in the trade of automotive stunt team CINE CASCADE directed by Jean-Claude Lagnes. It revolves mainly around feature films such as: Le Boulet, Ripoux 3, San Antonio, Hush!, Taxi, 36 Quai des Orfèvres, The Bourne Identity and The Mental Love your father.\n\nHe was awarded the World Stunt Awards in the United States for the best sequence on a vehicle for the year 2003 for the film The Bourne Identity.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Romain Iannetta (born 27 November 1979 in Villecresnes) is a French racing driver who last competed in the GT4 European Series, driving the No. 77 Audi R8 LMS GT4 Evo for Full Motorsport. He also competes part-time in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series as the driver of the No. 46 Chevrolet Camaro for Marko Stipp Motorsport in the EuroNASCAR PRO class.
He is the nephew of driver Alain Iannetta who participated in 24 Hours of Le Mans three times (1988, 1989 and 1990).
In parallel to his passion, Romain is an instructor at the flight school PRO'PULSION (Dreux and Issoire) and driving Ferrari 360 Modena for JMB Racing. He also worked for many auto manufacturers at the launch of new vehicles on the market (Volkswagen, Audi, Citroën, Renault, Alfa Romeo...).
It began in 2000 in the trade of automotive stunt team CINE CASCADE directed by Jean-Claude Lagnes. It revolves mainly around feature films such as: Le Boulet, Ripoux 3, San Antonio, Hush!, Taxi, 36 Quai des Orfèvres, The Bourne Identity and The Mental Love your father.
He was awarded the World Stunt Awards in the United States for the best sequence on a vehicle for the year 2003 for the film "The Bourne Identity". Who is Romain Iannetta |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name a style of hot yoga.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bikram.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name a style of hot yoga. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the \"Queen of sinking ships\" or \"Miss Unsinkable,\" was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911. What is Violet Constance Jessop's nickname?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "She is commonly referred to as \"Miss Unsinkable\" or Queen of sinking ships\".",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the "Queen of sinking ships" or "Miss Unsinkable," was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911. What is Violet Constance Jessop's nickname? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each Taylor Swift album into the respective music genre: Debut, Fearless, Speak Now, Red, 1989, Reputation, Lover, Folklore, Evermore, Midnights",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Debut is country-pop. Fearless is country-pop. Speak Now is Country-pop and Pop-Rock. Red is Country-Pop and Pop-Rock. 1989 is pop. Reputation is electro-pop. Lover is pop. Folklore is Indie folk. Evermore is indie folk. Midnights is electro-pop.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each Taylor Swift album into the respective music genre: Debut, Fearless, Speak Now, Red, 1989, Reputation, Lover, Folklore, Evermore, Midnights |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What year was the Ice Bowl played in?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Often called \"The Ice Bowl\", the 1967 NFL Championship was a game between the Dallas Cowboys and the Green Bay Packers. The game was played in frigid conditions, at a temperature of −15 °F (−26 °C) before wind chill.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What year was the Ice Bowl played in? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the nature of god, from a logical perspective?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Assuming god exists, one can think of the nature of god in two dimensions: is god active or passive, and is god benevolent or indifferent? Therefore, god is either active and benevolent, active and indifferent, passive and benevolent, or passive and indifferent. If god is active and benevolent, then all the bad things that happen would not happen, so this combination is unlikely. If god is active, god would likely be benevolent, so an indifferent active god seems a low probability. If god is benevolent, one would think they would be active, so a benevolent passive god seems a remote possibility. That leaves as the likeliest scenario a god that is passive and indifferent.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the nature of god, from a logical perspective? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Geling Yan (simplified Chinese: 严歌苓; traditional Chinese: 嚴歌苓; pinyin: Yán Gēlíng; born 16 November 1958]) is a Chinese-American author and screenwriter. Yan began performing as a dancer at age 12. She served in the People's Liberation Army in Chengdu, during the Cultural Revolution in Tibet and later as a journalist in the Sino-Vietnamese War, achieving a rank equivalent to lieutenant colonel. What career did GeLing Yan have?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "She is an author, screenwriter, and once was a dancer and a journalist.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Geling Yan (simplified Chinese: 严歌苓; traditional Chinese: 嚴歌苓; pinyin: Yán Gēlíng; born 16 November 1958]) is a Chinese-American author and screenwriter. Yan began performing as a dancer at age 12. She served in the People's Liberation Army in Chengdu, during the Cultural Revolution in Tibet and later as a journalist in the Sino-Vietnamese War, achieving a rank equivalent to lieutenant colonel. What career did GeLing Yan have? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Although \"sauerkraut\" is from a German word (Sauerkraut), the dish did not originate in Germany. Some claim fermenting cabbage suan cai was already practised in the days of the building of the Great Wall of China and that the practice was likely transmitted from China to Europe by the Tartars. However, the Romans, as previously noted, pickled forms of cabbage, and were the more likely source of modern-day sauerkraut It then took root in Central and Eastern European cuisines, but also in other countries including the Netherlands, where it is known as zuurkool, and France, where the name became choucroute. The English name is borrowed from German where it means \"sour cabbage\". The names in Slavic and other Central and Eastern European languages have similar meanings with the German word: \"fermented cabbage\" (Albanian: lakër turshi, Azerbaijani: kələm turşusu, Belarusian: квашаная капуста, Czech: kysané zelí, Lithuanian: rauginti kopūstai, Russian: квашеная капуста, tr. kvašenaja kapusta, Turkısh: lahana turşusu, Romanian: varză murată, Persian: kalam torş, Ukrainian: квашена капуста) or \"sour cabbage\" (Bulgarian: кисело зеле, Estonian: hapukapsas, Finnish: hapankaali, Hungarian: savanyúkáposzta, Latvian: skābēti kāposti, Macedonian: расол / кисела зелка, Polish: kapusta kiszona, Russian: кислая капуста, tr. kislaya kapusta, Serbo-Croatian: кисели купус / кисело зелје, kiseli kupus / kiselo zelje, Slovak: kyslá kapusta, Slovene: kislo zelje, Ukrainian: кисла капуста, kysla kapusta). Given this paragraph, where did the German dish sauerkraut originate from?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Romans are believed to be the most likely origin of the German dish called sauerkraut.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Although "sauerkraut" is from a German word (Sauerkraut), the dish did not originate in Germany. Some claim fermenting cabbage suan cai was already practised in the days of the building of the Great Wall of China and that the practice was likely transmitted from China to Europe by the Tartars. However, the Romans, as previously noted, pickled forms of cabbage, and were the more likely source of modern-day sauerkraut It then took root in Central and Eastern European cuisines, but also in other countries including the Netherlands, where it is known as zuurkool, and France, where the name became choucroute. The English name is borrowed from German where it means "sour cabbage". The names in Slavic and other Central and Eastern European languages have similar meanings with the German word: "fermented cabbage" (Albanian: lakër turshi, Azerbaijani: kələm turşusu, Belarusian: квашаная капуста, Czech: kysané zelí, Lithuanian: rauginti kopūstai, Russian: квашеная капуста, tr. kvašenaja kapusta, Turkısh: lahana turşusu, Romanian: varză murată, Persian: kalam torş, Ukrainian: квашена капуста) or "sour cabbage" (Bulgarian: кисело зеле, Estonian: hapukapsas, Finnish: hapankaali, Hungarian: savanyúkáposzta, Latvian: skābēti kāposti, Macedonian: расол / кисела зелка, Polish: kapusta kiszona, Russian: кислая капуста, tr. kislaya kapusta, Serbo-Croatian: кисели купус / кисело зелје, kiseli kupus / kiselo zelje, Slovak: kyslá kapusta, Slovene: kislo zelje, Ukrainian: кисла капуста, kysla kapusta). Given this paragraph, where did the German dish sauerkraut originate from? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the largest living thing?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Honey mushroom",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the largest living thing? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Ford, Higer",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ford is American, Higer is Chinese",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Ford, Higer |
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