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general_qa | [
{
"content": "Which is better - skiing or snowboarding",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I prefer skiing over snowboarding. For three reasons: safety, reliability, and expediency\n\nSafety - snowboarding can be a very dangerous sport. I'd been skiing and snowboarding for years. One winter I had a snowboarding accident and slid into a tree. Snowboarding requires larger turns with a bigger radius. I wasn't able to turn in time to avoid the tree. \n\nReliability - The thing about being on only a single piece of equipment is that your balance relies much more on the snow conditions. Under ideal conditions, its great to be able to snowboard and maintain control with the edge. Skiing on powder is also a dream. However, if the conditions are less than ideal, then snowboarding on ice becomes a dangerous, out of control situation. Skiing on ice is also no picnic, but at least you can stabilize and balance on your two skis. \n\nExpediency - Skiing with friends inevitably means that you are waiting for the slowest one before you can start down the mountain. I was that friend. Snowboarders have to sit down and strap in, while skiers can pretty much get right off the lift and start down the mountain immediately. This makes mixed groups of skiers and snowboarders the trickiest. So I would sometimes snowboard if I was traveling with snowboarders, and ski if I was traveling with skiers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is better - skiing or snowboarding |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these auto manufacturers are located in Germany or Japan: Volkswagen, Toyota, BMW, Honda, Adam Opel, Mazda, Daimler, Subaru, Continental, Hino",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Germany - Volkwagen, BMW, Adam Opel, Daimler, Continental | Japan - Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Subaru, Hino",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these auto manufacturers are located in Germany or Japan: Volkswagen, Toyota, BMW, Honda, Adam Opel, Mazda, Daimler, Subaru, Continental, Hino |
summarization | [
{
"content": "In 1989, David teamed up with comedian Jerry Seinfeld to create a pilot for NBC called The Seinfeld Chronicles, which became the basis for Seinfeld, one of the most successful shows in history, reaching the top of TV Guide's list of the 50 greatest TV shows of all time. Entertainment Weekly ranked it the third-best TV show of all time. David made occasional uncredited appearances on the show, playing such roles as Frank Costanza's cape-wearing lawyer and the voice of George Steinbrenner. He was also the primary inspiration for the show's character George Costanza. David left Seinfeld on friendly terms after the seventh season but returned to write the series finale in 1998, two years later. He also continued to provide the voice for the Steinbrenner character.\nDavid wrote 62 of the episodes of Seinfeld, including 1992's \"The Contest\", for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award and which TV Guide ranked as episode No. 1 on its list of \"TV's Top 100 Episodes of All Time\". The syndication of Seinfeld earned David an estimated $250 million in 1998 alone. This amount has been steadily decreasing each year, but payments will continue until the full $1.7 billion from the original syndication deal has been paid. In 2008, David made $55 million from Seinfeld syndication, DVD sales, and Curb Your Enthusiasm. He was nominated for an Emmy award 19 times for Seinfeld, winning twice — once for best comedy and once for writing. Give me a brief synopsis of Larry David’s contribution to Seinfeld based on the text.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Larry David was a co-writer for seven seasons on the hit TV show Seinfeld. In addition to writing 62 episodes, he played several characters on the show, including Frank Costanza’s lawyer and the voice of George Steinbrenner. The character of George Costanza was also based on Larry David. His work on the show earned him 19 Emmy award nominations and two wins, numerous accolades, and considerable syndication income.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In 1989, David teamed up with comedian Jerry Seinfeld to create a pilot for NBC called The Seinfeld Chronicles, which became the basis for Seinfeld, one of the most successful shows in history, reaching the top of TV Guide's list of the 50 greatest TV shows of all time. Entertainment Weekly ranked it the third-best TV show of all time. David made occasional uncredited appearances on the show, playing such roles as Frank Costanza's cape-wearing lawyer and the voice of George Steinbrenner. He was also the primary inspiration for the show's character George Costanza. David left Seinfeld on friendly terms after the seventh season but returned to write the series finale in 1998, two years later. He also continued to provide the voice for the Steinbrenner character.
David wrote 62 of the episodes of Seinfeld, including 1992's "The Contest", for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award and which TV Guide ranked as episode No. 1 on its list of "TV's Top 100 Episodes of All Time". The syndication of Seinfeld earned David an estimated $250 million in 1998 alone. This amount has been steadily decreasing each year, but payments will continue until the full $1.7 billion from the original syndication deal has been paid. In 2008, David made $55 million from Seinfeld syndication, DVD sales, and Curb Your Enthusiasm. He was nominated for an Emmy award 19 times for Seinfeld, winning twice — once for best comedy and once for writing. Give me a brief synopsis of Larry David’s contribution to Seinfeld based on the text. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are five capital cities in Asia?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Five capital cities in Asia are Bangkok, Jakarta, Seoul, Manila, and Hanoi.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are five capital cities in Asia? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Tesrt",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tesrt |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why invest in the stock market?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Long term investing in the stock market is a good idea. Short term growth is risky and fluctuates a lot but long term growth can show returns as much at 10% - 15% return per year on average. Tracking the S&P 500 is a great way to get started because its a well diversified option that tracks 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges. It has a historical return of nearly 10% and the S&P 500 was introduced in 1957.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why invest in the stock market? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best time to visit Florida?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The winter months are the recommended time for visiting Florida. It is usually much warmer than other areas in the nation, and it's not as hot or humid as in the summer. In the winter time, you may also see wild manatees in the natural springs, which is very unique. Besides nature places, Disney, Universal, Sea World and other theme parks can be great choices to visit during the winter months, since a lot of students may still be in school, and it's not as crowded as summer time.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best time to visit Florida? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "tell me a way to slice an apple.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "well, you could slice an apple with a knife, a wire, a sword, a metal sheet, an axe, a gun (with enough bullets...)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| tell me a way to slice an apple. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the volume of a rectangular prism",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "length * base * height",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the volume of a rectangular prism |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which is a species of fish? Rock bass or Rock",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Rock bass",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is a species of fish? Rock bass or Rock |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a snowman?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A snowman is a replica of a human made from snow, typically by stacking three large balls of snow on top of each other. The top ball represents the head, the middle ball is the body and the lower ball are the lower extremities of the snowman. Often, a snowman will have sticks for arms and a carrot for a nose.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a snowman? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the paleolithic?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The word \"Paleolithic\" comes from the Greek for \"ancient stone.\" It refers to a time period of several million years in the past, from the beginning of humans to the invention of agriculture about 10 million years ago, when stone tools were made and used.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the paleolithic? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of popular current artists in the EDM category.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Currently popular musicians in the EDM, or electronic dance music, genre of music include Illenium, 3LAU, Calvin Harris, Kaskade, and Dimitri Vegas.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of popular current artists in the EDM category. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Petrified wood, also known as petrified tree (from Ancient Greek πέτρα meaning 'rock' or 'stone'; literally 'wood turned into stone'), is the name given to a special type of fossilized wood, the fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. Petrifaction is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes permineralization and replacement. The organic materials making up cell walls have been replicated with minerals (mostly silica in the form of opal, chalcedony, or quartz). In some instances, the original structure of the stem tissue may be partially retained. Unlike other plant fossils, which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material.\n\nThe petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water or volcanic ash. The presence of water reduces the availability of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediments may lead to permineralization, which occurs when minerals precipitate out of solution filling the interiors of cells and other empty spaces. During replacement, the plant's cell walls act as a template for mineralization. There needs to be a balance between the decay of cellulose and lignin and mineral templating for cellular detail to be preserved with fidelity. Most of the organic matter often decomposes, however some of the lignin may remain. Silica in the form of opal-A, can encrust and permeate wood relatively quickly in hot spring environments. However, petrified wood is most commonly associated with trees that were buried in fine grained sediments of deltas and floodplains or volcanic lahars and ash beds. A forest where such material has petrified becomes known as a petrified forest. what is petrified wood",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Petrified wood is one of fossils, it is a plant which the inner part has been replaced by stone by compressions and impressions through millions of years",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Petrified wood, also known as petrified tree (from Ancient Greek πέτρα meaning 'rock' or 'stone'; literally 'wood turned into stone'), is the name given to a special type of fossilized wood, the fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. Petrifaction is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes permineralization and replacement. The organic materials making up cell walls have been replicated with minerals (mostly silica in the form of opal, chalcedony, or quartz). In some instances, the original structure of the stem tissue may be partially retained. Unlike other plant fossils, which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material.
The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water or volcanic ash. The presence of water reduces the availability of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediments may lead to permineralization, which occurs when minerals precipitate out of solution filling the interiors of cells and other empty spaces. During replacement, the plant's cell walls act as a template for mineralization. There needs to be a balance between the decay of cellulose and lignin and mineral templating for cellular detail to be preserved with fidelity. Most of the organic matter often decomposes, however some of the lignin may remain. Silica in the form of opal-A, can encrust and permeate wood relatively quickly in hot spring environments. However, petrified wood is most commonly associated with trees that were buried in fine grained sediments of deltas and floodplains or volcanic lahars and ash beds. A forest where such material has petrified becomes known as a petrified forest. what is petrified wood |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied, with Deloitte considering that \"Cognitive technologies could eventually revolutionize every facet of government operations\". Mehr suggests that six types of government problems are appropriate for AI applications:\n- Resource allocation - such as where administrative support is required to complete tasks more quickly.\n- Large datasets - where these are too large for employees to work efficiently and multiple datasets could be combined to provide greater insights.\n- Experts shortage - including where basic questions could be answered and niche issues can be learned.\n- Predictable scenario - historical data makes the situation predictable.\n- Procedural - repetitive tasks where inputs or outputs have a binary answer.\n- Diverse data - where data takes a variety of forms (such as visual and linguistic) and needs to be summarised regularly. What types of problems in government could AI be used to solve",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied but some appropriate areas to consider AI applications include: Resource allocation; Large datasets; Repetitive tasks; Answering basic questions; Summarising data from multiple forms; Predicting future scenarios based on historical data.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied, with Deloitte considering that "Cognitive technologies could eventually revolutionize every facet of government operations". Mehr suggests that six types of government problems are appropriate for AI applications:
- Resource allocation - such as where administrative support is required to complete tasks more quickly.
- Large datasets - where these are too large for employees to work efficiently and multiple datasets could be combined to provide greater insights.
- Experts shortage - including where basic questions could be answered and niche issues can be learned.
- Predictable scenario - historical data makes the situation predictable.
- Procedural - repetitive tasks where inputs or outputs have a binary answer.
- Diverse data - where data takes a variety of forms (such as visual and linguistic) and needs to be summarised regularly. What types of problems in government could AI be used to solve |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Angelo Scicilano better know as who",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Charles Atlas",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Angelo Scicilano better know as who |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Credit for the invention of the electric telephone is frequently disputed, and new controversies over the issue have arisen from time to time. Antonio Meucci, Alexander Graham Bell, and Elisha Gray amongst others, have all been credited with the telephone's invention. The early history of the telephone became and still remains a confusing morass of claims and counterclaims, which were not clarified by the huge number of lawsuits filed in order to resolve the patent claims of the many individuals and commercial competitors. The Bell and Edison patents, however, were commercially decisive, because they dominated telephone technology and were upheld by court decisions in the United States.\n\nThe modern telephone is the result of the work of many people. Alexander Graham Bell was, however, the first to patent the telephone, as an \"apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically\". Bell has most often been credited as the inventor of the first practical telephone. Johann Philipp Reis coined the term \"telephon\". Models of it were sent abroad, to London, Dublin, Tiflis, and other places. It became a subject for popular lectures, and an article for scientific cabinets. Edison credited him as the \"first inventor of the telephone.\" The Italian-American inventor and businessman Antonio Meucci has been recognized by the U.S. House of Representatives for his contributory work on the telephone. Several other controversies also surround the question of priority of invention for the telephone.\nThe Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy considers the question of whether Bell and Gray invented the telephone independently and, if not, whether Bell stole the invention from Gray. This controversy is narrower than the broader question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants. Who really invented the telephone ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The telephone invention is a result of many contributions across the years. The most well-known, Antonio Meucci, Alexander Graham Bell, and Elisha Gray helped provided their knowledge and works to create the telephone as we know it today. Several people claimed credit for this creation but we can easily say that this invention is the fruit of humanity's collaboration to ease communication and get people closer across the globe.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Credit for the invention of the electric telephone is frequently disputed, and new controversies over the issue have arisen from time to time. Antonio Meucci, Alexander Graham Bell, and Elisha Gray amongst others, have all been credited with the telephone's invention. The early history of the telephone became and still remains a confusing morass of claims and counterclaims, which were not clarified by the huge number of lawsuits filed in order to resolve the patent claims of the many individuals and commercial competitors. The Bell and Edison patents, however, were commercially decisive, because they dominated telephone technology and were upheld by court decisions in the United States.
The modern telephone is the result of the work of many people. Alexander Graham Bell was, however, the first to patent the telephone, as an "apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically". Bell has most often been credited as the inventor of the first practical telephone. Johann Philipp Reis coined the term "telephon". Models of it were sent abroad, to London, Dublin, Tiflis, and other places. It became a subject for popular lectures, and an article for scientific cabinets. Edison credited him as the "first inventor of the telephone." The Italian-American inventor and businessman Antonio Meucci has been recognized by the U.S. House of Representatives for his contributory work on the telephone. Several other controversies also surround the question of priority of invention for the telephone.
The Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy considers the question of whether Bell and Gray invented the telephone independently and, if not, whether Bell stole the invention from Gray. This controversy is narrower than the broader question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants. Who really invented the telephone ? |
classification | [
{
"content": "I want you to break these emotions down into happy and sad groups: Upset, Joyful, Elated, Grief, Amused, Upbeat and Melancholy.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Elated, Joyful Amused and Upbeat are happy emotions. Upset, Grief, and Melancholy are sad emotions.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| I want you to break these emotions down into happy and sad groups: Upset, Joyful, Elated, Grief, Amused, Upbeat and Melancholy. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is guitar amp modeling?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Guitar amp modeling is a digital technology for reproducing the sound and feel of playing guitar through physical amplifiers. This technology may be embodied in a piece of outboard gear, or as a software plugin for a digital audio workstation. In recent years, guitar amp modeling has advanced to the point of being difficult to discern by ear from the sound of the amplifiers being modeled. Some brands associated with advanced guitar amp modeling include Line 6, Fractal Audio, and Neural DSP.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is guitar amp modeling? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What makes plants grow faster?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "According to a study by scientists from South Korea, plants grow at a faster pace when they are played classical music. Using 14 different pieces of music, the scientists played music to a rice field and studied the results. Findings were that the music helped the crops grow and even suggested evidence that plants could “hear”. We suggest practicing your instrument in your veggie garden!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What makes plants grow faster? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Trojan Horse was a wooden horse said to have been used by the Greeks during the Trojan War to enter the city of Troy and win the war. The Trojan Horse is not mentioned in Homer's Iliad, with the poem ending before the war is concluded, and it is only briefly mentioned in the Odyssey. But in the Aeneid by Virgil, after a fruitless 10-year siege, the Greeks constructed a huge wooden horse at the behest of Odysseus, and hid a select force of men inside, including Odysseus himself. The Greeks pretended to sail away, and the Trojans pulled the horse into their city as a victory trophy. That night, the Greek force crept out of the horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army, which had sailed back under the cover of darkness. The Greeks entered and destroyed the city, ending the war. Which epic poem discussed the Trojan Horse?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Odyssey",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Trojan Horse was a wooden horse said to have been used by the Greeks during the Trojan War to enter the city of Troy and win the war. The Trojan Horse is not mentioned in Homer's Iliad, with the poem ending before the war is concluded, and it is only briefly mentioned in the Odyssey. But in the Aeneid by Virgil, after a fruitless 10-year siege, the Greeks constructed a huge wooden horse at the behest of Odysseus, and hid a select force of men inside, including Odysseus himself. The Greeks pretended to sail away, and the Trojans pulled the horse into their city as a victory trophy. That night, the Greek force crept out of the horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army, which had sailed back under the cover of darkness. The Greeks entered and destroyed the city, ending the war. Which epic poem discussed the Trojan Horse? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the capital of Germany?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The capital of Germany is Berlin",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the capital of Germany? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between alligator and a crocodile",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Snout: Alligators have a wider, U-shaped snout, while crocodiles have a pointier, V-shaped snout. Water: Alligators prefer fresh water, while crocs tend to prefer saltwater or brackish water, which is a combination of saltwater and freshwater.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between alligator and a crocodile |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a side slide in aviation?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It is a technique used to compensate for a crosswind. It is used primarily during takeoff and landing. It is first established by lowering the upwind wing using aileron by moving the yoke or stick in the direction of the wind. Then apply enough rudder to keep from turning.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a side slide in aviation? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique digital identifier that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided, that is recorded in a blockchain, and that is used to certify ownership and authenticity. The ownership of an NFT is recorded in the blockchain and can be transferred by the owner, allowing NFTs to be sold and traded. NFTs can be created by anybody, and require few or no coding skills to create. NFTs typically contain references to digital files such as photos, videos, and audio. Because NFTs are uniquely identifiable assets, they differ from cryptocurrencies, which are fungible.\n\nProponents of NFTs claim that NFTs provide a public certificate of authenticity or proof of ownership, but the legal rights conveyed by an NFT can be uncertain. The ownership of an NFT as defined by the blockchain has no inherent legal meaning and does not necessarily grant copyright, intellectual property rights, or other legal rights over its associated digital file. An NFT does not restrict the sharing or copying of its associated digital file and does not prevent the creation of NFTs that reference identical files.\n\nThe NFT market grew dramatically from 2020 to 2021: the trading of NFTs in 2021 increased to more than $17 billion, up by 21,000% over 2020's total of $82 million. NFTs have been used as speculative investments and they have drawn increasing criticism for the energy cost and carbon footprint associated with validating blockchain transactions as well as their frequent use in art scams. The NFT market has also been compared to an economic bubble or a Ponzi scheme. In 2022, the NFT market suffered a major collapse, with prices sharply falling; a May 2022 estimate was that the number of sales was down over 90% compared to its 2021 peak. From the passage note down the valuation of NFT trade for the year 2020 and 2021. List the results in format ‘Year: Value‘.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2020: $82million\n2021: $17billion",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique digital identifier that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided, that is recorded in a blockchain, and that is used to certify ownership and authenticity. The ownership of an NFT is recorded in the blockchain and can be transferred by the owner, allowing NFTs to be sold and traded. NFTs can be created by anybody, and require few or no coding skills to create. NFTs typically contain references to digital files such as photos, videos, and audio. Because NFTs are uniquely identifiable assets, they differ from cryptocurrencies, which are fungible.
Proponents of NFTs claim that NFTs provide a public certificate of authenticity or proof of ownership, but the legal rights conveyed by an NFT can be uncertain. The ownership of an NFT as defined by the blockchain has no inherent legal meaning and does not necessarily grant copyright, intellectual property rights, or other legal rights over its associated digital file. An NFT does not restrict the sharing or copying of its associated digital file and does not prevent the creation of NFTs that reference identical files.
The NFT market grew dramatically from 2020 to 2021: the trading of NFTs in 2021 increased to more than $17 billion, up by 21,000% over 2020's total of $82 million. NFTs have been used as speculative investments and they have drawn increasing criticism for the energy cost and carbon footprint associated with validating blockchain transactions as well as their frequent use in art scams. The NFT market has also been compared to an economic bubble or a Ponzi scheme. In 2022, the NFT market suffered a major collapse, with prices sharply falling; a May 2022 estimate was that the number of sales was down over 90% compared to its 2021 peak. From the passage note down the valuation of NFT trade for the year 2020 and 2021. List the results in format ‘Year: Value‘. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What temperature does water boil at in Celsius and Fahrenheit",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What temperature does water boil at in Celsius and Fahrenheit |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which refers to the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive phenomena in other entities. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles giving rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. Magnetism is one aspect of the combined phenomena of electromagnetism. The most familiar effects occur in ferromagnetic materials, which are strongly attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets, producing magnetic fields themselves. Demagnetizing a magnet is also possible. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic; the most common ones are iron, cobalt, and nickel and their alloys. The rare-earth metals neodymium and samarium are less common examples. The prefix ferro- refers to iron because permanent magnetism was first observed in lodestone, a form of natural iron ore called magnetite, Fe3O4.\n\nAll substances exhibit some type of magnetism. Magnetic materials are classified according to their bulk susceptibility. Ferromagnetism is responsible for most of the effects of magnetism encountered in everyday life, but there are actually several types of magnetism. Paramagnetic substances, such as aluminium and oxygen, are weakly attracted to an applied magnetic field; diamagnetic substances, such as copper and carbon, are weakly repelled; while antiferromagnetic materials, such as chromium and spin glasses, have a more complex relationship with a magnetic field. The force of a magnet on paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and antiferromagnetic materials is usually too weak to be felt and can be detected only by laboratory instruments, so in everyday life, these substances are often described as non-magnetic. Given a reference text about magnetism, tell me the definition of magnetism and how magnetic materials are classified.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Magnetism is defined as the physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which is the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive forces. Magnetic materials are classified by their bulk susceptibility.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which refers to the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive phenomena in other entities. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles giving rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. Magnetism is one aspect of the combined phenomena of electromagnetism. The most familiar effects occur in ferromagnetic materials, which are strongly attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets, producing magnetic fields themselves. Demagnetizing a magnet is also possible. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic; the most common ones are iron, cobalt, and nickel and their alloys. The rare-earth metals neodymium and samarium are less common examples. The prefix ferro- refers to iron because permanent magnetism was first observed in lodestone, a form of natural iron ore called magnetite, Fe3O4.
All substances exhibit some type of magnetism. Magnetic materials are classified according to their bulk susceptibility. Ferromagnetism is responsible for most of the effects of magnetism encountered in everyday life, but there are actually several types of magnetism. Paramagnetic substances, such as aluminium and oxygen, are weakly attracted to an applied magnetic field; diamagnetic substances, such as copper and carbon, are weakly repelled; while antiferromagnetic materials, such as chromium and spin glasses, have a more complex relationship with a magnetic field. The force of a magnet on paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and antiferromagnetic materials is usually too weak to be felt and can be detected only by laboratory instruments, so in everyday life, these substances are often described as non-magnetic. Given a reference text about magnetism, tell me the definition of magnetism and how magnetic materials are classified. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "where is khargone?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Khargone is a town in Madhya Pradesh India, situated near river Kunda. It's on the southwest corner of the state. it borders with Maharastra state to the south. Khargone is also a district with the same name. The weather in Khargone is very hot in summers with temperatures reaching above 40 degree celcius. The city has a famous temple know as \"Nav Grah Temple\" which means nine planets. It also has a fort.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| where is khargone? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the Auburn Ski Club?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Auburn Ski Club is a non-profit training center that owns and operates a lodge/locker room/gym as well as a Nordic ski course and biathlon range adjacent to Boreal Mountain Resort. The club runs alpine, Nordic, snowboard and biathlon training programs for youth athletes from beginner to expert level.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the Auburn Ski Club? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the most common meals?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most common meals are breakfast, lunch and dinner. Breakfast is eat when a person wakes up, lunch is eaten in the afternoon after 4 - 5 hours of being awake, and dinner is eaten in the evening before bed time. Each of the meals is important to give the body energy to be able to function during the day. Skipping meals is a form of fasting, and this is very common in certain cultures and certain religions too. Eating in between meals is not a meal but a form of snacking.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the most common meals? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "is HR a great career",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "yes",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| is HR a great career |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which one of these instruments are brass instruments? trombone, viola, trumpet, tuba, flute, clarinet, saxophone and piano.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The instruments out that list that are brass instruments are: trombone, trumpet and tuba.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which one of these instruments are brass instruments? trombone, viola, trumpet, tuba, flute, clarinet, saxophone and piano. |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "What is a dam?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A dam is a barrier that stops the flow of water of a river and creates an artificial lake. Dams are used for different reasons. Some dams are used to gather water for industrial, agricultural needs or water supply to civil aqueducts. Another usage can be for power generation employing hydroelectric turbines. Some other times, it is mean of water flow control aimed at flood prevention or land reclamation.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a dam? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following are exercise equipment: bicycle, book, dumbbell, treadmill, spoon, television",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A bicycle, dumbbell, and treadmill are all pieces of exercise equipment. Bicycles can be used to ride around outside or even indoors, they are a great way to improve your cardio health. Dumbbells are often used at a gym but can be used at home, they help to improve muscle mass through strength training. A treadmill is a great way to improve work on your cardio health by allowing you to run inside. A book is not a piece of exercise equipment as it does not require much physical effort to engage with. A spoon will help you in eating meals, but does little to improve your cardio health or strength. A television, or TV, can be watched while exercising, but cannot be exercised with.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following are exercise equipment: bicycle, book, dumbbell, treadmill, spoon, television |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why would a person from Switzerland immigrate to the California?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The warm climate, the nice weather, the proximity to the ocean in California are all things that Switzerland misses. People are usually more relaxed and friendlier to strangers than in Switzerland. In California has a huge variety of restaurants and grocery stores from all over the world.\nBut of course a person from Switzerland missed the mountains, excellent public transportation, cheese and chocolate.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why would a person from Switzerland immigrate to the California? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Arsenal FC?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Arsenal Football Club is an English professional football club based in Islington, London. Arsenal plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 16 FA Community Shields, one European Cup Winners' Cup, and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most successful club in English football.\n\nArsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position. Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons.\n\nHerbert Chapman, who changed the fortunes of Arsenal forever, won the club its first silverware, and his legacy led the club to dominate the 1930s decade; Chapman, however, died of pneumonia in 1934, aged 55. He helped introduce the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers; he also added the white sleeves and brighter red to the club's jersey. Arsène Wenger is the longest-serving manager and won the most trophies. He won a record seven FA Cups, and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004, receiving the nickname The Invincibles.\n\nIn 1886, munitions workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913 the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. With an annual revenue of £340.3m in the 2019–20 season, Arsenal was estimated to be worth US$2.68 billion by Forbes, making it the world's eighth most valuable club, while it is one of the most followed on social media.The motto of the club has long been Victoria Concordia Crescit, Latin for \"Victory Through Harmony\".",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Arsenal FC? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Paramahansa Yogananda (born Mukunda Lal Ghosh; January 5, 1893 – March 7, 1952) was an Indian Hindu monk, yogi and guru who introduced millions to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his organization Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) / Yogoda Satsanga Society (YSS) of India, and who lived his last 32 years in America. A chief disciple of the Bengali yoga guru Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, he was sent by his lineage to spread the teachings of yoga to the West, to prove the unity between Eastern and Western religions and to preach a balance between Western material growth and Indian spirituality. His long-standing influence in the American yoga movement, and especially the yoga culture of Los Angeles, led him to be considered by yoga experts as the \"Father of Yoga in the West.\" Who was Paramahansa Yogananda?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Paramahansa Yogananda was an Indian Hindu monk who introduced large populations of people to the meditation and Kriya Yoga. He organized Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) / Yogoda Satsanga Society (YSS) of India and was sent by his Guru Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri to the United States to speak the knowledge of Yoga to the West. He was known as \"Father of Yoga in the West.\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Paramahansa Yogananda (born Mukunda Lal Ghosh; January 5, 1893 – March 7, 1952) was an Indian Hindu monk, yogi and guru who introduced millions to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his organization Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) / Yogoda Satsanga Society (YSS) of India, and who lived his last 32 years in America. A chief disciple of the Bengali yoga guru Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, he was sent by his lineage to spread the teachings of yoga to the West, to prove the unity between Eastern and Western religions and to preach a balance between Western material growth and Indian spirituality. His long-standing influence in the American yoga movement, and especially the yoga culture of Los Angeles, led him to be considered by yoga experts as the "Father of Yoga in the West." Who was Paramahansa Yogananda? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "How long does it take our sun to orbit the center of our galaxy",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "230 million years!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How long does it take our sun to orbit the center of our galaxy |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America.\n\nBackground\nFEG president Tanikawa had stated that the company planned on holding an event together with Sengoku Raiden Championship and this event may have a similar DREAM vs SRC format as Dynamite!! 2009. However, this did not happen as SRC held its own event, World Victory Road Presents: Soul of Fight.\n\nTanikawa has also stated that this Dynamite!! event will most likely be shortened (to around three hours) and the annual K-1 Koshien tournament will not take place at this event.\n\nThe title fight between Bibiano Fernandes and Hiroyuki Takaya was the last in the 63 kg. (139 lbs) weight class before it gets broken into the standard MMA bantamweight and featherweight divisions. DREAM plans on holding a Grand Prix in whichever of the two weight classes the champion does not decide to fight in. After winning the title, Hiroyuki Takaya stated that he would become the Featherweight (145 lbs) Champion.\n\nThe Aoki/Nagashima fight was first announced that there would be an alternate of four rounds, with one round under MMA rules and the next round, then they will change gloves and, fight under kickboxing rules. A coin toss will determine what rules they start under. However, it has later announced that the fight will feature one three-minute kickboxing round, followed by a standard five-minute MMA round. The fighters used open-fingered gloves throughout. If no winner were decided in the eight minutes of competition, the fight would have been declared an automatic draw.\n\nA fight between Bob Sapp and Shinichi Suzukawa in a super-heavyweight “IGF rules” bout was set to feature a rule set similar to MMA, but with no closed fist strikes. However, the fight was canceled due to Sapp attempting to re-negotiate his contract backstage prior to the event and eventually electing to withdraw from the contest. Wha is the Dynamite!! 2010",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan.\n\nThe event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America.
Background
FEG president Tanikawa had stated that the company planned on holding an event together with Sengoku Raiden Championship and this event may have a similar DREAM vs SRC format as Dynamite!! 2009. However, this did not happen as SRC held its own event, World Victory Road Presents: Soul of Fight.
Tanikawa has also stated that this Dynamite!! event will most likely be shortened (to around three hours) and the annual K-1 Koshien tournament will not take place at this event.
The title fight between Bibiano Fernandes and Hiroyuki Takaya was the last in the 63 kg. (139 lbs) weight class before it gets broken into the standard MMA bantamweight and featherweight divisions. DREAM plans on holding a Grand Prix in whichever of the two weight classes the champion does not decide to fight in. After winning the title, Hiroyuki Takaya stated that he would become the Featherweight (145 lbs) Champion.
The Aoki/Nagashima fight was first announced that there would be an alternate of four rounds, with one round under MMA rules and the next round, then they will change gloves and, fight under kickboxing rules. A coin toss will determine what rules they start under. However, it has later announced that the fight will feature one three-minute kickboxing round, followed by a standard five-minute MMA round. The fighters used open-fingered gloves throughout. If no winner were decided in the eight minutes of competition, the fight would have been declared an automatic draw.
A fight between Bob Sapp and Shinichi Suzukawa in a super-heavyweight “IGF rules” bout was set to feature a rule set similar to MMA, but with no closed fist strikes. However, the fight was canceled due to Sapp attempting to re-negotiate his contract backstage prior to the event and eventually electing to withdraw from the contest. Wha is the Dynamite!! 2010 |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are three cities on the west coast of Florida?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Three cities on the west coast of Florida are Naples, Tampa, and Sarasota.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are three cities on the west coast of Florida? |
classification | [
{
"content": "classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: costco, netflix, uber, restaurant, rent, lyft",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "costco should be grocery, netflix should be entertainment, uber should be travel, restaurant should be food & drink, rent should be bills, lyft should be travel",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: costco, netflix, uber, restaurant, rent, lyft |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are good native plants for a garden in Ohio?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Native plants that will grow well in Ohio include Purple Coneflower, Thin Leaf Mountain Mint, Sawtooth Sunflower, and Little Bluestem Grass. There's quite a few plants that grow well in Ohio and are native to the area. The Missouri Botanical Garden has great resources on those kinds of plants as does the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are good native plants for a garden in Ohio? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these sports require a ball or not to play: basketball, hockey, track and field, soccer, surfing, water polo, karate, football, gymnastics, skateboarding, golf, tennis, boxing, baseball, rugby, weightlifting, softball, rowing",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Basketball, soccer, water polo, football, golf, tennis, baseball, rugby, and softball require a ball to play. Hockey, track and field, surfing, karate, gymnastics, skateboarding, boxing, weightlifting, and rowing do not require a ball.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these sports require a ball or not to play: basketball, hockey, track and field, soccer, surfing, water polo, karate, football, gymnastics, skateboarding, golf, tennis, boxing, baseball, rugby, weightlifting, softball, rowing |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these animals are herbivores or carnivores: deer, rabbits, cows, elephants, lions, wolves, polar bears, cheetahs",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Deer are herbivores.\nRabbits are herbivores.\nCows are herbivores.\nElephants are herbivores.\nLions are carnivores.\nWolves are carnivores.\nPolar bears are carnivores.\nCheetahs are carnivores.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these animals are herbivores or carnivores: deer, rabbits, cows, elephants, lions, wolves, polar bears, cheetahs |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why are so many movies and tv shows merely recycled stories from previously successful stories ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "One theory has to do with the increase of streaming choices and that the volume and frequency of new content means that it’s difficult to produce entirely unique stories.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are so many movies and tv shows merely recycled stories from previously successful stories ? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which movies star Eddie Murphy and which ones star Bill Murray: Groundhog Day, Coming to America, Rushmore, Lost in Translation, Beverly Hills Cop, Caddyshack, 48 Hours, and Trading Places.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Eddie Murphy was in Coming to America, Beverly Hills Cop, 48 Hours, and Trading Places. Bill Murray was in Groundhog Day, Rushmore, Lost in Translation, and Caddyshack.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which movies star Eddie Murphy and which ones star Bill Murray: Groundhog Day, Coming to America, Rushmore, Lost in Translation, Beverly Hills Cop, Caddyshack, 48 Hours, and Trading Places. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "RELX plc (pronounced \"Rel-ex\") is a British multinational information and analytics company headquartered in London, England. Its businesses provide scientific, technical and medical information and analytics; legal information and analytics; decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations. It was previously known as Reed Elsevier, and came into being in 1993 as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.\n\nThe company is publicly listed, with shares traded on the London Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX). The company is one of the constituents of the FTSE 100 Index, Financial Times Global 500 and Euronext 100 Index. Which stock indexes is RELX part of?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "RELX plc is a constituent of the FTSE 100, Financial Times Global 500 and Euronext 100 indices.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British multinational information and analytics company headquartered in London, England. Its businesses provide scientific, technical and medical information and analytics; legal information and analytics; decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations. It was previously known as Reed Elsevier, and came into being in 1993 as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.
The company is publicly listed, with shares traded on the London Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX). The company is one of the constituents of the FTSE 100 Index, Financial Times Global 500 and Euronext 100 Index. Which stock indexes is RELX part of? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following are real vs. mythical animals: dove, unicorn, Komodo dragon, Sasquatch, cockatrice, snipe",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Real: dove, Komodo dragon, snipe\nMythical: unicorn, Sasquatch, cockatrice\n\nNote that asking someone to go on a 'snipe hunt' to trick them into searching for something that does not exist. So 'snipe' in this context is something that is not real, but there is in fact a real snipe family of birds",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following are real vs. mythical animals: dove, unicorn, Komodo dragon, Sasquatch, cockatrice, snipe |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Are Rainbow Trout and Steelhead the same?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Steelhead and Rainbow trout are the same species, but have different lifestyles. Steelhead spend part of their lives in the sea before going up river to breed, while rainbow trout spend their lives in freshwater.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Are Rainbow Trout and Steelhead the same? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "At age 8, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player. This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and it was at that time that his uncle encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, after studying Nadal's then two-handed forehand stroke. Why does Nadal play tennis left-handed?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "When he was younger, Rafa Nadal used to play with a double handed forehand. His uncle then recommended that he switch to a left-handed stroke in order to have a natural advantage on court.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| At age 8, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player. This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and it was at that time that his uncle encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, after studying Nadal's then two-handed forehand stroke. Why does Nadal play tennis left-handed? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Explain how \"work from home\" has an opportunity cost. Provide anecdotes to support your points.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "These days, it is “cool” to be a techie. Jobs come with perks, including nap rooms and free gourmet lunches. Celebrity entrepreneurs, like Mark Cuban, talk about how they are learning to write code. Back in the late 1990s when I started getting paid to write code, this was not the case. I often found myself in windowless rooms, basements or chilly server rooms wrangling data or writing code. However, from early on in my career, my managers ensured that I was exposed to the real action: where the business value-add activities took place. I walked factory floors at Prestolite in Ann Arbor to see how the ERP system for which I was contributing programming code played a part in the convergence of IT with humans working with machines and parts to produce finished products. When I worked for Richard Helppie’s Superior Consultant Holdings Corporation, while between programming assignments, I shadowed an industrial engineer who was helping to redesign an Emergency Department’s (ED) physical layout; we watched the flow of doctors, patients and nurses. We asked questions like: “why are the doctors not using the stations intended for note-taking and instead are walking down two hallways to take their notes in empty offices?”; it turned out that the note-taking station in the heart of the ED was a place where doctors were exposed to all sorts of noise and other distractions.\n\nBeing a good programmer had a lot to do with understanding software architecture, APIs, etc… But being a better programmer meant understanding the world in which the software was actually put into practice. \n\nFord Motor Company’s F-150 has been America’s best selling truck for 46 consecutive years. Looking at the finished product with your eyes barely conveys the awesome complexity of the supply chain involved in bringing it to life. To get a better sense of the convergence of the F-150’s supply chain into its finished product, you can take a stroll on the catwalk that hovers above the assembly line as part of the Ford Rouge Factory Tour. The public can tour the plant and walk above a large portion of the assembly process. You can see Kanban in action as workers pull components from bins and perform their specialized task in a step of the ever-rolling line, while overhead displays help orchestrate replenishment. You can get a sense of the optimized flows of humans, robots and parts. And, maybe, if you look closely, you’ll spot opportunities for improvements in the process, in the safety measures, or in areas where automation has not yet taken hold. Consider whether or not you would see such opportunities by looking at charts and graphs…\n\nAlan Mulally was figuratively and literally a gymnast (at least during his time at the University of Kansas). After taking over the reins as CEO of Ford in 2006, he famously transformed a culture with deep-rooted divisional fiefdoms that hindered communication, reporting, efficiency and agility into a new era of quality, efficiency and innovation. A disciplined engineer by training, he did not solely rely on charts, facts and figures to drive organizational change. He used his eyes and made sure that the leaders saw the firm’s operations in a certain, methodical way. For instance, he built trust through transparency by using simple visual tools (like color-coding for status). \n\nOnce Mulally brought divisional leaders together to a conference room to look at a pile of hood prop rods for the various cars and trucks that Ford manufactures. The prop rods all looked different. They were from different suppliers, made of different materials, had a variety of costs, and had different internal staff dedicated to their role in the supply chain and assembly. He did not send a spreadsheet in an email to make his point. He had the leadership team look at the rods on the table and aimed for them to understand that “this kind of variation is costly but doesn’t matter to consumers.”\n\nMulally performed organizational and operational gymnastics, starting with a junk-rated company, and ending up being called “The Savior of Ford”. Mulally understood the power of seeing and of showing.\n\nIn the 1970s, Japan rocked the automotive world by mass producing high-quality, fuel-efficient vehicles at highly competitive prices. The Toyota way eventually swept across the industry, and a new jargon (and mindset) made its way to Detroit, with terms like Kaizen, Kanban, and Genchi Genbutsu. The Gemba Walk made its way into automotive manufacturing and other industries, such as Overhead Door and at the COVID-19 vaccination center at Mount Morningside Hospital in New York City. “The literal translation for Gemba (現場) is ‘the real place’ and in business it refers to the real place where value is created, such as the factory floor.” These tools are not a magic bullet; a Harvard Business Review study found that MBWA (“management by walking around”) decreased performance, on average, in a hospital setting. \n\nI used aspects of the Gemba Walk to help design a software system for lab technicians at a major national laboratory. When the CDC needed help to track the variants of the SARS-Cov-2 (“Coronavirus”) across the USA, I helped build a system that enabled lab technicians to efficiently select and route the appropriate samples for the genetic sequencing process, a step that comes after the COVID PCR test. I went to the lab, watched the technicians, observed the physical flow of humans and materials in the lab and talked with the people involved in the process. I was able to see (and measure) aspects of the process that I was tasked with automating. I made observations that I never could have made through video calls or emails.\n\nSoftware practitioners (developers, designers, architects, UX engineers and product owners) are continuously building and refining systems for robotics, assembly lines, labs, logistics, warehouses, shipyards, and other industries. “Agile” software development is a common methodology (and has some roots that are tied to Toyota-inspired manufacturing practices). Agile facilitates frequent, structured communication, but the product owner often serves as a proxy for the actual business stakeholders. He or she may communicate with slides, diagrams and customer “user stories”. However, as the value chain is communicated through the various parties (product owner, architect, etc.), the real-world value chain (what does the assembly line actually look like when it is in full swing) can become distilled and distorted.\n\nExecutives and senior managers are keenly monitoring the Work from Home (WFH) phenomenon. The U.S. Census Bureau is tracking WFH trends. Academics are analyzing WFH. Celebrity executives are flip-flopping on WFH. Productivity is questioned. But, are we asking the right question? Can you WFH and walk?\n\nIt is clear that IT and non-IT professionals prefer WFH… So companies are in a bind: force in-office work or find some middle ground. A.P. Moller – Maersk, “an integrated transport and logistics company”, lists job vacancies on their website. When looking at their IT jobs, you will struggle to see a mention of “Remote” or “Work from Home.” And you will also see vacancies, such as this Lead Software Engineer that have been open since May of 2022.\n\nA startup named “Gemba” is hoping to solve this vexing problem using Virtual Reality (VR). A Global Newswire article from January, 2023 describes Gemba’s origin story: “Gemba grew out of executive training company The Leadership Network, founded in 2013 by CEO Nathan Robinson and Chairman Victor Lewis. Through its collaboration with global giants like Toyota, Tesla, Google, BMW and Amazon, senior executives from non-competing companies have been able to visit their state-of-the-art factories and facilities to see best practice in action as part of an executive Gemba masterclass.”\n\nWe’ll see if technology will allow techies like myself to continue to work in our pajamas while getting the benefits of a Gemba Walk. In the meantime, executives and senior managers may want to consider scheduling on-site Gemba walks. Just don’t forget to supply a gourmet lunch, a foot massage, and some nice swag.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Explain how "work from home" has an opportunity cost. Provide anecdotes to support your points. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Hearst died at the age of 70 in Washington, D.C., on February 28, 1891. The California Legislature and state courts adjourned so officials could attend his funeral. When Phoebe Apperson Hearst inherited her husband's wealth, she donated a great deal of it to help found new libraries at several universities. Hearst is buried in Cypress Lawn Cemetery in Colma, California. His widow and son were later buried there as well. The Hearst Memorial Mining Building on the Berkeley campus is dedicated to George Hearst. In 1996, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Based on this paragraph, during what year was Hearst born?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hearst died at the age of 70 in 1891, so he must have been born in either 1820 or 1821.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Hearst died at the age of 70 in Washington, D.C., on February 28, 1891. The California Legislature and state courts adjourned so officials could attend his funeral. When Phoebe Apperson Hearst inherited her husband's wealth, she donated a great deal of it to help found new libraries at several universities. Hearst is buried in Cypress Lawn Cemetery in Colma, California. His widow and son were later buried there as well. The Hearst Memorial Mining Building on the Berkeley campus is dedicated to George Hearst. In 1996, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Based on this paragraph, during what year was Hearst born? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Xenoposeidon, Sloth",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sloth is alive, Xenoposeidon is extinct.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Xenoposeidon, Sloth |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me five different names I could use for my female cat",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lulu, Fluffy, Lady, Princess, Belle",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me five different names I could use for my female cat |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How can I read and write data with Delta Lake?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You can use your favorite Apache Spark APIs to read and write data with Delta Lake. See Read a table and Write to a table.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How can I read and write data with Delta Lake? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some ways to cool off on a hot day?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You can cool off on a hot day by drinking cold drinks, eating ice cream, going for a swim, removing jackets or heavy clothing, moving out of the sun or going to an air conditioned area",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some ways to cool off on a hot day? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me some strategies to prevent procrastination",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Procrastination is a huge problem for individuals in today's society. Though there are many strategies to beat procrastination, the effectiveness of these strategies is largely dependent on the individual and his/her/their circumstances. Here are some popular strategies to beat procrastination:\n\n1. Set realistic, specific, and time-bound goals. The best goals should have some built-in time delays, but not too much, as to maintain some urgency. Large goals should also be broken into achievable chunks. \n\n2. Limit your access to distracting media. Making use of your device's focus modes, or locking away your device all together when working can prevent you from being distracted while executing tasks\n\n3. Make the rewards of accomplishing goals tangible and more immediate. A popular strategy for this is temptation bundling, where you bundle a behavior that is good for you in the long-run with a behavior that feels good in the short-run. For example, you may only allow yourself to watch YouTube videos while you are folding laundry.\n\n4. Use support systems. Often, using peers, family, or other individuals in your support system to help hold you accountable is an effective way to encourage task accomplishment. This method also promotes social interaction and continuous discussion of goals with others. As a caveat, you should not become reliant on this method, as it can create burdens on the other individuals in your support system",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me some strategies to prevent procrastination |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What was the public reaction to the draft during the Vietnam War?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Vietnam War Draft was met with widespread protests and draft dodging in order to avoid conscription, which eventually led to public opinion during against the war",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What was the public reaction to the draft during the Vietnam War? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is VTEC?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "VTEC stands for \"Variable Valve Timing & Lift Electronic Control.\" It is a technology used by some Honda cars for changing the way an engine runs based on the engine speeds. It works by using oil pressure to activate a different camshaft profile at higher engine speeds. The camshaft profile allows more air to enter the engine cylinders, and thus causes more effective combustion and more power. At lower engine speeds, VTEC disengages and uses a default camshaft profile, which is optimized for fuel efficiency.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is VTEC? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of these are Aamir Khan Movies : Sarfarosh, Mela, Dil, Darr, Beta",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sarfarosh, Mela, Dil are Aamir Khan Movies. Darr had Sunny Deol and Shah Kurh Khan in the lead roles , Beta had Anil Kapoor in the lead role.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of these are Aamir Khan Movies : Sarfarosh, Mela, Dil, Darr, Beta |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tingsha, Bazantar",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tingsha is percussion, Bazantar is string.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tingsha, Bazantar |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me some great quotes about surviving in the wild.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some memorable quotes about survival include: \n\"If you live among wolves you have to act like a wolf.\" - Nikita Khrushchev;\n\"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately… and see if I could not learn what it had to teach.” - Henry David Thoreau:\n\"Hunger, love, pain, fear are some of those inner forces which rule the individual’s instinct for self-preservation.” - Albert Einstein;\n\"Extraordinary people survive under the most terrible circumstances and they become more extraordinary because of it.” - Robertson Davies;\n\"If quick, I survive. If not quick, I am lost. This is ‘death.'\" - Sun Tzu and;\n\"Courage is not having the strength to go on; it is going on when you don’t have the strength.” - Theodore Roosevelt.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me some great quotes about surviving in the wild. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Agriculture is an important sector in California's economy. Farming-related sales more than quadrupled over the past three decades, from $7.3 billion in 1974 to nearly $31 billion in 2004. This increase has occurred despite a 15 percent decline in acreage devoted to farming during the period, and water supply suffering from chronic instability. Factors contributing to the growth in sales-per-acre include more intensive use of active farmlands and technological improvements in crop production. In 2008, California's 81,500 farms and ranches generated $36.2 billion products revenue. In 2011, that number grew to $43.5 billion products revenue. The Agriculture sector accounts for two percent of the state's GDP and employs around three percent of its total workforce. According to the USDA in 2011, the three largest California agricultural products by value were milk and cream, shelled almonds, and grapes. From the passage provided, extract the more recent available annual revenue from agriculture in dollars.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In 2011, California's agricultural product revenue was $43.5 billion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Agriculture is an important sector in California's economy. Farming-related sales more than quadrupled over the past three decades, from $7.3 billion in 1974 to nearly $31 billion in 2004. This increase has occurred despite a 15 percent decline in acreage devoted to farming during the period, and water supply suffering from chronic instability. Factors contributing to the growth in sales-per-acre include more intensive use of active farmlands and technological improvements in crop production. In 2008, California's 81,500 farms and ranches generated $36.2 billion products revenue. In 2011, that number grew to $43.5 billion products revenue. The Agriculture sector accounts for two percent of the state's GDP and employs around three percent of its total workforce. According to the USDA in 2011, the three largest California agricultural products by value were milk and cream, shelled almonds, and grapes. From the passage provided, extract the more recent available annual revenue from agriculture in dollars. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "In golf what do the Americans call an albatross",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Double Eagle",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In golf what do the Americans call an albatross |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some of the most well-known castles in the Loire Valley in France?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The list of castles includes Château de Cheverny, Château de Chambord, Château de Chenonceau, Château d'Azay-le-Rideau, Château de Villandry, Château d'Amboise, and Château de Chaumont.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some of the most well-known castles in the Loire Valley in France? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "In 2002, McEwan discovered that he had a brother who had been given up for adoption during the Second World War; the story became public in 2007. The brother, a bricklayer named David Sharp, was born six years earlier than McEwan, when their mother was married to a different man. Sharp has the same mother and father as McEwan but was born from an affair that occurred before they married. After her first husband was killed in combat, McEwan's mother married her lover, and Ian was born a few years later. The brothers are in regular contact and McEwan has written a foreword to Sharp's memoir. How do McEwan and Sharp share the same parents if their mother was married to a different man when Sharp was born?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "While married to a man who would die in combat, their mother had an affair with a man (their father) she would later marry. That affair produced Sharp, and they proceeded to have another child, McEwan, following their marriage.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In 2002, McEwan discovered that he had a brother who had been given up for adoption during the Second World War; the story became public in 2007. The brother, a bricklayer named David Sharp, was born six years earlier than McEwan, when their mother was married to a different man. Sharp has the same mother and father as McEwan but was born from an affair that occurred before they married. After her first husband was killed in combat, McEwan's mother married her lover, and Ian was born a few years later. The brothers are in regular contact and McEwan has written a foreword to Sharp's memoir. How do McEwan and Sharp share the same parents if their mother was married to a different man when Sharp was born? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is it like to live in Miami for someone moving from California?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "First, you'll notice the heat. Miami is hot and humid all year round. Next you will notice that the dominate culture is Latin. This permeates into the way that people dress, and the food that the local restaurants offer. Miami is also incredibly flat, with no major hills or change in elevation throughout the city.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is it like to live in Miami for someone moving from California? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which is a species of fish? Snapper or Tapper",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Snapper",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is a species of fish? Snapper or Tapper |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some of the popular monuments in India?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some of the popular monuments in India are:\n\nTaj Mahal : The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum commissioned by Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor, in 1631. It was built in memory of, and to house the tomb of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly 17 hectares, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh.\n\nQutab Minar : The Qutab Minar is a 72.5m tall red sandstone tower located in the south of Delhi. The Minar is surrounded by a complex of gardens, mosques and other buildings like one of the Ashoka pillars.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some of the popular monuments in India? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "SH 115 begins at an intersection with Interstate 20 and Farm to Market Road 1927 in Pyote. The route travels north along the eastern edge of town and through Far West Texas oil fields before reaching Wink. The route then turns northeast, next reaching Kermit. The route travels through downtown Kermit, passing the Winkler County Courthouse. The route continues to the northeast, crossing oil fields of Winkler and Andrews Counties, before reaching Andrews. The route travels through Andrews, intersecting U.S. Route 385. The route continues northeast, crossing through the intersection of Andrews, Gaines, Martin, and Dawson Counties before reaching its terminus at SH 349 at the unincorporated community of Patricia, Texas. Extract a list of all of the communties and counties mentioned in this article about SH 115.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pyote, Wink, Kermit, Winkler, Andrews, Gaines, Martin, Dawson, Patricia",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| SH 115 begins at an intersection with Interstate 20 and Farm to Market Road 1927 in Pyote. The route travels north along the eastern edge of town and through Far West Texas oil fields before reaching Wink. The route then turns northeast, next reaching Kermit. The route travels through downtown Kermit, passing the Winkler County Courthouse. The route continues to the northeast, crossing oil fields of Winkler and Andrews Counties, before reaching Andrews. The route travels through Andrews, intersecting U.S. Route 385. The route continues northeast, crossing through the intersection of Andrews, Gaines, Martin, and Dawson Counties before reaching its terminus at SH 349 at the unincorporated community of Patricia, Texas. Extract a list of all of the communties and counties mentioned in this article about SH 115. |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Why should people convert lawns and ornamental gardens to native plants?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Who doesn’t love butterflies? They are a beautiful symbol of innocence. But have you noticed there are fewer and fewer every year? When I was a kid, you couldn’t take a trip without getting some butterflies on the windshield of your car. So why are there so few and what does it mean?\n\nOne of the main reasons is the use of pesticides and herbicides. These chemicals are indiscriminate killers. And they knock the whole ecosystem out of balance. In my yard, I have seen how a little patience will put things back into balance. I had aphids, but slowly noticed aphid predators solving the problem. I had flies due to my chicken coop, but over a few weeks I saw Swallows and Phoebes move in to take advantage of the food source.\n\nThe other reason we see fewer butterflies is food for caterpillars. Most butterflies and moths (or butterflies of the night as I like to call them) need a particular plant to host their caterpillars. For Monarch butterflies, it is Milkweed (Asclepias), which is an unfortunate name for a beautiful plant. For Pipevine Swallowtails, it is Pipevine (Aristolochia). Without these plants, caterpillars have no source of food. And as cities and suburbs become paved over, there is no place for these once abundant plants to grow. As we look at our own yards, they contain beautiful plants that are imported from other places. But to a butterfly, our yards seem like deserts. Even plants like bottlebrush, which attract a lot of insects for nectar, provide no food for native baby insects. It’s kind of like having a bar for the adults to drink at, but no food to nourish their children so they can grow to be adults too. \n\nBut Doug Tallamy, an entomologist from University of Delaware, says we can help. By putting some native plants in our yards, we can provide the food to bring back butterflies.\n\nAs we prepared to redo our garden from evergreen ornamentals, to an English cottage/cut flower garden, something happened. We saw Doug Tallamy speak on a CNPS Silicon Valley Zoom Meeting. And we realized we had to change our direction, and begin gardening with natives. \n\nAs we look at our garden, the key is that we are just beginning…\nIt is a grand experiment to see what works where. And already the garden is talking to us. The blue eyed grass has jumped the paved walkway to another part of the garden! We expect more movement and magic in the future. Here are some of our thoughts on our garden.\n\nBlessings… Having a giant oak tree in our yard and creek behind us have certainly given us a leg up in terms of food and wildlife access to our yard.\n\nDownside… Lots of shade. Only two, maybe three spots in our garden that get good sun. So, we troll through Calscape looking for plants that will tolerate shade. (If you haven't met Calscape you are in for a treat. I hope you live in California though...).\n\nGoal… As Talamites, we believe in feeding the ecosystem, which starts with caterpillar farming. So how has that worked out? Well, we’ve only seen one or two caterpillars so far. Sigh. It’s all an experiment…\n\nBiggest impact… Leaving the leaves the past year. We can already see the soil improving, and everytime we water we see lots of insects rising up out of the litter. So it is happening. Slowly…\n\nSo we continue to replace non-natives with natives. Last weekend we took out Sarcococca and Pierris Japonicas and replaced them with Coffeeberry (Frangula Californica). This weekend we removed two maple trees and replaced them with Bush Anemone (Carpenteria Californica). And next weekend we are going to replace our box hedge with Coyote Brush (Baccharis pilularis). \n\nBesides the bugs, we've seen lots of other great wildlife in our yard. A new nest of baby squirrels is born in the tree every year. And this year we were surprised by 3 baby raccoons moving into the tree (it is largely hollow).\n\nThey are sweet shy and adorable. We've enjoyed watching them come out and scour the tree every night for food.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why should people convert lawns and ornamental gardens to native plants? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The national flag of the United States of America (often referred to as the American flag, or the U.S. flag) consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the \"union\") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 U.S. states, and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from Great Britain, and became the first states in the U.S. Nicknames for the flag include the Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner. What is does the stars represent on the United States of America flag?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 50 stars on the United States of America flag represent the 50 U.S. states.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The national flag of the United States of America (often referred to as the American flag, or the U.S. flag) consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 U.S. states, and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from Great Britain, and became the first states in the U.S. Nicknames for the flag include the Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner. What is does the stars represent on the United States of America flag? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is tequila?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tequila is an alcoholic beverage made in Mexico. It is Mexico's national drink. It is made from the heart of the agave plant. There are three kinds of tequila, Silver, Reposado and Anejo.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is tequila? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "RGP, formerly known as Resources Global Professionals, is the operating arm of Resources Connection, Inc. (NASDAQ:RGP). The company provides consulting services in the areas of finance & accounting; information management; governance, risk & compliance (GRC); human capital; legal & regulatory; corporate advisory & restructuring; strategic communications; and supply chain management. As of fiscal year ending May 28, 2016, the company employed 3,283 professionals in 68 offices in 20 countries around the world. The company reported serving over 1,700 clients. Company headquarters are located in Irvine, CA. If each client was served by the same number of professionals, how many professionals (round to one decimal place) would each client be served by?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "3283 professionals and 1700 clients, so 3283/1700 = 1.9 professionals serving each client.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| RGP, formerly known as Resources Global Professionals, is the operating arm of Resources Connection, Inc. (NASDAQ:RGP). The company provides consulting services in the areas of finance & accounting; information management; governance, risk & compliance (GRC); human capital; legal & regulatory; corporate advisory & restructuring; strategic communications; and supply chain management. As of fiscal year ending May 28, 2016, the company employed 3,283 professionals in 68 offices in 20 countries around the world. The company reported serving over 1,700 clients. Company headquarters are located in Irvine, CA. If each client was served by the same number of professionals, how many professionals (round to one decimal place) would each client be served by? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Silvio Micali (born October 13, 1954) is an Italian computer scientist, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the founder of Algorand, a proof-of-stake blockchain cryptocurrency protocol. Micali's research at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory centers on cryptography and information security.\n\nIn 2012, he received the Turing Award for his work in cryptography along with Shafi Goldwasser for their work on zero-knowledge proofs. Who is Silvio Micali?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Silvio Micali is a cryptography professor at MIT. He received a Turing award in 2012 along with Shafi Goldwasser for their work on zero-knowledge proofs. Micali also founded Algorand, which is a a proof-of-stake blockchain cryptocurrency protocol and company.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Silvio Micali (born October 13, 1954) is an Italian computer scientist, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the founder of Algorand, a proof-of-stake blockchain cryptocurrency protocol. Micali's research at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory centers on cryptography and information security.
In 2012, he received the Turing Award for his work in cryptography along with Shafi Goldwasser for their work on zero-knowledge proofs. Who is Silvio Micali? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are ten woodworking projects that I could complete in a weekend?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. A wine box\n2. A coat rack\n3. A cutting board\n4. A simple desk\n5. A bottle stopper\n6. A bowl\n7. A small shelf\n8. A picture frame\n9. A serving tray\n10. A garden bench",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are ten woodworking projects that I could complete in a weekend? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Donkey, Leopard ca",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Leopard cat is wild, Donkey is domesticated",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Donkey, Leopard ca |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What motivates a chief executive officer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Revenue and platform or product consumption and scalability motivate chief technology officers (CEOs). It is the quickest way to achieve company exponential growth. Strategic vision with laser focus execution focus items that drive company growth also motivate CEOs. Having a team of world-class employees who help to deliver the strategic vision, and product platform scalability and consumption that increases revenue also motivates CEOs.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What motivates a chief executive officer? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of nice board games to play with friends",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Cards Against Humanity\n2. Codenames\n3. The Game of Things\n4. Taboo\n5. Balderdash\n6. Scattergories\n7. Exploding Kittens",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of nice board games to play with friends |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Pultenaea empetrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub with down-curved, cylindrical, grooved leaves and yellow to orange and red flowers.\n\nDescription\nPultenaea empetrifolia is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 40 cm (16 in) and has glabrous stems. The leaves are cylindrical and curved strongly downwards with one or two grooves along the lower surface, 3–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long and 0.6–1.0 mm (0.024–0.039 in) wide with stipules at the base. The flowers are yellow to orange and red, and sessile or on a pedicel about up to 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long. The sepals are hairy and 4.0–4.6 mm (0.16–0.18 in) long with hairy bracteoles 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) long at the base. The standard petal is 8.0–8.5 mm (0.31–0.33 in) long, the wings 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long and the keel 6.2–7.0 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a pod. Given a reference text about Pultenaea empetrifolia, tell me the colors of its flowers.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Pultenaea empetrifolia has yellow to orange and red flowers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pultenaea empetrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub with down-curved, cylindrical, grooved leaves and yellow to orange and red flowers.
Description
Pultenaea empetrifolia is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 40 cm (16 in) and has glabrous stems. The leaves are cylindrical and curved strongly downwards with one or two grooves along the lower surface, 3–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long and 0.6–1.0 mm (0.024–0.039 in) wide with stipules at the base. The flowers are yellow to orange and red, and sessile or on a pedicel about up to 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long. The sepals are hairy and 4.0–4.6 mm (0.16–0.18 in) long with hairy bracteoles 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) long at the base. The standard petal is 8.0–8.5 mm (0.31–0.33 in) long, the wings 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long and the keel 6.2–7.0 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a pod. Given a reference text about Pultenaea empetrifolia, tell me the colors of its flowers. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following transportation options as \"Mass Transportation\" or \"Individual Transportation\": car, bike, subway, train, tram, motorcycle, scooter",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Car: Individual Transportation\nBike: Individual Transportation\nSubway: Mass Transportation\nTrain: Mass Transportation\nTram: Mass Transportation\nMotorcycle: Individual Transportation\nScooter: Individual Transportation",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following transportation options as "Mass Transportation" or "Individual Transportation": car, bike, subway, train, tram, motorcycle, scooter |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What should you do if a black bear approaches you while you are hiking?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If a black bear approaches but does not see you, back away slowly. If the bear does see you, stand your ground and do not run away. Wave your arms and talk to the bear in a calm voice.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What should you do if a black bear approaches you while you are hiking? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Antarctica (/ænˈtɑːrktɪkə/) is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of 14,200,000 km2 (5,500,000 sq mi). Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of 1.9 km (1.2 mi).\nAntarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual precipitation of over 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost 60 metres (200 ft). Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). The coastal regions can reach temperatures over 10 °C (50 °F) in summer. Native species of animals include mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Where vegetation occurs, it is mostly in the form of lichen or moss.\nThe ice shelves of Antarctica were probably first seen in 1820, during a Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The decades that followed saw further exploration in French, American, and British expeditions. The first confirmed landing was by a Norwegian team in 1895. In the early 20th century, there were a few expeditions into the interior of the continent. British explorers were the first to reach the magnetic South Pole in 1909, and the geographic South Pole was first reached in 1911 by Norwegian explorers. List the vegetation found in Antarctica in a common separated manner.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lichen, moss.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Antarctica (/ænˈtɑːrktɪkə/) is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of 14,200,000 km2 (5,500,000 sq mi). Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of 1.9 km (1.2 mi).
Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual precipitation of over 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost 60 metres (200 ft). Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). The coastal regions can reach temperatures over 10 °C (50 °F) in summer. Native species of animals include mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Where vegetation occurs, it is mostly in the form of lichen or moss.
The ice shelves of Antarctica were probably first seen in 1820, during a Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The decades that followed saw further exploration in French, American, and British expeditions. The first confirmed landing was by a Norwegian team in 1895. In the early 20th century, there were a few expeditions into the interior of the continent. British explorers were the first to reach the magnetic South Pole in 1909, and the geographic South Pole was first reached in 1911 by Norwegian explorers. List the vegetation found in Antarctica in a common separated manner. |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a dialogue between two hikers, John and Jane, who are lost in the woods and can't decide what to do. End the argument with Jane winning and them deciding to turn around and retrace their steps.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "John: I think we're lost, this trail doesn't look familiar\nJane: I think you're right. We must have taken a wrong turn at the fork a mile back. Let's turn around and trace our steps back\nJohn: No, I think we should just keep going forward. We are still on a path, so we should just go and see if we can find our way back to a path we know\nJane: I'm worried its going to get dark, and we'll just be going further into the woods. We should turn around and repeat our steps\nJohn: Okay, you're right. Let's go back to where we first got lost and take the other side of the fork.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a dialogue between two hikers, John and Jane, who are lost in the woods and can't decide what to do. End the argument with Jane winning and them deciding to turn around and retrace their steps. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The show follows Bluey, an anthropomorphic six-year-old Blue Heeler puppy who is characterised by her abundance of energy, imagination and curiosity of the world. The young dog lives with her father, Bandit; mother, Chilli; and younger sister, Bingo, who regularly joins Bluey on adventures as the pair embark on imaginative play together. Other characters featured each represent a different dog breed. Overarching themes include the focus on family, growing up and Australian culture. The program was created and is produced in Queensland; the culture and lifestyle of Brisbane inspires the show's setting. Extract from the text the main characters in the show Bluey, the relationship to the main character, and list them using bullets in format {character name}: {relationship to Bluey}",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Bluey: self\n- Bandit: father\n- Chilli: mother\n- Bingo: younger sister",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The show follows Bluey, an anthropomorphic six-year-old Blue Heeler puppy who is characterised by her abundance of energy, imagination and curiosity of the world. The young dog lives with her father, Bandit; mother, Chilli; and younger sister, Bingo, who regularly joins Bluey on adventures as the pair embark on imaginative play together. Other characters featured each represent a different dog breed. Overarching themes include the focus on family, growing up and Australian culture. The program was created and is produced in Queensland; the culture and lifestyle of Brisbane inspires the show's setting. Extract from the text the main characters in the show Bluey, the relationship to the main character, and list them using bullets in format {character name}: {relationship to Bluey} |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing people to perform delivery tasks by walking instead of requiring the use of a bike or car? When do you think it is more pragmatic for deliveries to be fulfilled by walking versus biking or driving?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are both advantages and disadvantages to allowing delivery tasks to be completed by walking instead of biking or driving. The following is a list of advantages and disadvantages:\n\nAdvantages:\n- Additional supply of individuals capable of performing deliveries (i.e., people without a bike or car)\n- Potential for shorter delivery times in densely populated metropolitan areas\n- Positive impact on the environment and sustainability\n- Stronger contribution margins for shorter deliveries\n\nDisadvantages:\n- Weather can heavily impact if items are delivered or not as well as the quality of items when delivered (e.g., wet paper towels)\n- Limitations on the number and weight of items being delivered\n- Less deliveries can be performed together (i.e., batching of deliveries)\n- Distance items can be delivered is substantially shorter\n\nOverall, permitting deliveries to be fulfilled by walking likely provides incremental benefits in certain situations, especially in densely populated urban centers. However, it is not feasible to deliver items by walking in suburban or rural areas given the distance that needs to be covered to successfully deliver items.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing people to perform delivery tasks by walking instead of requiring the use of a bike or car? When do you think it is more pragmatic for deliveries to be fulfilled by walking versus biking or driving? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The film covers elements of coming of age and psychological drama, dealing with themes of bullying, disability, forgiveness, mental health, suicide, and friendship of opposite sexes. It follows the story of a former bully turned social outcast, who decides to reconnect and befriend the deaf girl he had bullied years prior. What is the movie A Silence Voice about?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A Silent Voice is a Japanese animated film about a boy who used to bully a deaf girl, but was then shunned himself for bullying her. Years later, they reconnect and he tries to atone for his past. The film touches upon many charged topics especially prevalent in Japanese high schools from bullying to disability to suicide and mental health.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The film covers elements of coming of age and psychological drama, dealing with themes of bullying, disability, forgiveness, mental health, suicide, and friendship of opposite sexes. It follows the story of a former bully turned social outcast, who decides to reconnect and befriend the deaf girl he had bullied years prior. What is the movie A Silence Voice about? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Do we live in a simulation? Argue both sides",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We do not know if we live in a simulation. Both sides of the argument have their merits and shortcomings. On the one hand, it is possible that we are living in a simulation, as it could explain certain aspects of the universe that are not easily explained otherwise. On the other hand, it could be that we are not living in a simulation, as there is no evidence to support this claim. Ultimately, it is up to us to decide what we believe.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Do we live in a simulation? Argue both sides |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the following games in ascending order of computational complexity: tic-tac-toe, chess, checkers, go",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "tic-tac-toe, checkers, chess, go",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the following games in ascending order of computational complexity: tic-tac-toe, chess, checkers, go |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me where you would find each of these in a bathroom or bedroom: sheets, pillows, toilet, shower, sink, bed, bidet",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sheets: Bedroom\nPillows: Bedroom\nToilet: Bathroom\nShower: Bathroom\nSink: Bathroom\nBed: Bedroom\nBidet: Bathroom",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me where you would find each of these in a bathroom or bedroom: sheets, pillows, toilet, shower, sink, bed, bidet |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the new 7 Wonders of Nature:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here are the new 7 Wonders of Nature:\n\n- Iguazu Falls, on the border of the Argentine province of Misiones and the Brazilian state of Paraná\n- Hạ Long Bay, in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam\n- Jeju Island, in the Jeju Province of South Korea\n- Puerto Princesa Underground River, in Palawan, Philippines\n- Table Mountain, overlooking the city of Cape Town, South Africa\n- Komodo Island, one of the 17,508 islands that comprise the Republic of Indonesia\n- Amazon rainforest, located in Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the new 7 Wonders of Nature: |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays.\nIn the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.\nIn England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.\nIn the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October. Based on the following passage, create a list os when schools close and resume in England and Wales, Scotland and Canada.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. \n2. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. \n3. In Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays.
In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.
In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October. Based on the following passage, create a list os when schools close and resume in England and Wales, Scotland and Canada. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some common peer-to-peer money transfer apps in the United States?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some of the most common peer-to-peer money transfer apps in the United States are Zelle, Venmo, CashApp, PayPal, and Apple/Google Pay (depending on the type of mobile device of the user).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some common peer-to-peer money transfer apps in the United States? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is behavioural economics?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A method of economic analysis that applies psychological insights into human behavior to explain economic decision-making. Behavioural economics, the application of psychological insights to economic theories and problems, has been growing in influence for decades.’ In short behavioural economics is a subset of the study of economics. It is a method of economic analysis that applies psychological insights into human behaviours to explain economic decision making.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is behavioural economics? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "why is context switching bad for computer performance?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "context switching, which occurs when a process is paused by the cpu and another process starts running can affect performance of a computer systems for a couple of reasons. The act of switching the context is not in itself very time consuming. The real performance hit comes from the fact that different processes have different virtual memory address spaces so all the caches in the system need to be invalidated and flushed. Since there is such a huge difference in how fast a cpu can run compared to how fast instructions and data can be retrieved from main memory, these things are cached close to the cpu in onboard caches. Even a pointer to a mapping of virtual addresses to physical addresses are cached so that memory access is faster. When a new process gets loaded by the cpu with a different address space and mapping of virtual to physical addresses, all of the data in the caches is invalid and needs to be flushed. This leaves the cpu with empty caches that have to be rebuilt from scratch for the new process, meaning there will be a big slowdown in retrieving instructions and data since these will now be coming from main memory, which is much slower than the cpu's cache.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| why is context switching bad for computer performance? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Bishop Patrick MacMullan (17 March 1752 – 25 October 1824) was an Irish Roman Catholic Prelate and 20th Bishop of Down and Connor.\n\nHe was a native of mid Down and details of his early life in the latter half of the eighteenth century are sketchy. It is believed he was ordained to the priesthood in 1775.\n\nHe received episcopal consecration on 2 September 1793, and the following year succeeded his distant cousin Hugh as Bishop of Down and Connor.\n\nIn 1814 he made a report to Rome on the state of his diocese (served by around 35 parish priests and a few curates) which although vague gives some indication of the state of the diocese.\n\nHe died on 25 October 1824 in the house of his nephew in Loughinisland and is buried at Loughinisland Graveyard.\n\nA notice of his death, circulated in many Irish newspapers noted that \"the Catholic Clergy of that diocese [Down and Connor] have been under the scriptural jurisdiction of this amiable Prelate for 31 years, during which he has presided over them with the politeness of a Gentleman, the abilities of a Theologian, and the meekness of a humble and exemplary Christian.\" Please tell me who Bishop Patrick MacMullan was and when he died.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Patrick MacMullan was an Irish Roman Catholic Bishop. He passed away on October 25th, 1824.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Bishop Patrick MacMullan (17 March 1752 – 25 October 1824) was an Irish Roman Catholic Prelate and 20th Bishop of Down and Connor.
He was a native of mid Down and details of his early life in the latter half of the eighteenth century are sketchy. It is believed he was ordained to the priesthood in 1775.
He received episcopal consecration on 2 September 1793, and the following year succeeded his distant cousin Hugh as Bishop of Down and Connor.
In 1814 he made a report to Rome on the state of his diocese (served by around 35 parish priests and a few curates) which although vague gives some indication of the state of the diocese.
He died on 25 October 1824 in the house of his nephew in Loughinisland and is buried at Loughinisland Graveyard.
A notice of his death, circulated in many Irish newspapers noted that "the Catholic Clergy of that diocese [Down and Connor] have been under the scriptural jurisdiction of this amiable Prelate for 31 years, during which he has presided over them with the politeness of a Gentleman, the abilities of a Theologian, and the meekness of a humble and exemplary Christian." Please tell me who Bishop Patrick MacMullan was and when he died. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What can people do to entertain cats?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "People can entertain cats in many different ways: 1. laser pointer against walls for cats to chase after 2. lean string/wand-like toys or strings 3. auto-moving balls 4. Videos with moving balls, mice, etc While different cats would be entertained by different ways, in common, cats like small and fast-moving objects that the cats can run after. Cats also like being patted but only by the people they are familiar with (their people)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What can people do to entertain cats? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which is a species of fish? Pike or Parrot",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pike",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is a species of fish? Pike or Parrot |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which is a species of fish? Cisco or Palo Alto",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cisco",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is a species of fish? Cisco or Palo Alto |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is John D. Rockefeller?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He has been widely considered the wealthiest American of all time and the richest person in modern history. Rockefeller was born into a large family in Upstate New York that moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland. He became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into several business partnerships beginning at age 20, concentrating his business on oil refining. Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870. He ran it until 1897 and remained its largest shareholder.\n\nRockefeller's wealth soared as kerosene and gasoline grew in importance, and he became the richest person in the country, controlling 90% of all oil in the United States at his peak. Oil was used throughout the country as a light source until the introduction of electricity, and as a fuel after the invention of the automobile. Furthermore, Rockefeller gained enormous influence over the railroad industry which transported his oil around the country. Standard Oil was the first great business trust in the United States. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and, through corporate and technological innovations, was instrumental in both widely disseminating and drastically reducing the production cost of oil. His company and business practices came under criticism, particularly in the writings of author Ida Tarbell.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is John D. Rockefeller? |
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