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# 2003 Masters (snooker)
The **2003 Masters** (officially the **2003 Benson & Hedges Masters**) was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 2 and 9 February 2003 at the Wembley Conference Centre in London, England.
Paul Hunter, who was aiming to complete a hat-trick of Masters titles, lost 3--6 to Mark Williams in the semi-final. Williams then beat Stephen Hendry 10--4 in the final to win his second Masters title. Hendry made the highest break of the championship with a 144 in his semi-final match against Ken Doherty, but missed out on a 147 during his quarter-final match against local favourite Jimmy White when he failed to pot the final pink.
This was the last Masters to be sponsored by Benson & Hedges after the ban on tobacco advertising which came into effect in summer 2003. Regal\'s sponsorship of the Scottish Masters, the Welsh Open and the Scottish Open also ended during the 2002/2003 season. However, Embassy continued to sponsor the World Championship until 2005.
A total attendance of 24,329 was the events highest since 1988.
## Field
Defending champion Paul Hunter was the number 1 seed with World Champion Peter Ebdon seeded 2. Places were allocated to the top 16 players in the world rankings. Players seeded 15 and 16 played in the wild-card round against the winner of the qualifying event, Mark Davis (ranked 37), and Steve Davis (ranked 25), who was the wild-card selection. Mark Davis, Quinten Hann and Joe Perry were making their debuts in the Masters.
## Prize fund {#prize_fund}
The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below:
- Winner: £210,000
- Runner-up: £105,000
- Highest break: £22,000
- Maximum break: £100,000
- Total: £695,000
## Wild-card round {#wild_card_round}
Match Date Score
------- ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------
WC1 Sunday 2 February **`{{flagathlete|[[Alan McManus]]|SCO}}`{=mediawiki}** (15) **6**--5
WC2 Monday 3 February \(16\) 4--**6** **`{{flagathlete|[[Steve Davis]]|ENG}}`{=mediawiki}**
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| 0 |
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# 2003 Masters (snooker)
## Main draw {#main_draw}
`{{16TeamBracket
| seed-width =
| team-width = 180
| score-width =
| RD1= Last 16 <br />Best of 11 frames
| RD2= Quarter-finals <br />Best of 11 frames
| RD3= Semi-finals <br />Best of 11 frames
| RD4= Final <br />Best of 19 frames
| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01={{flagicon|England}} '''[[Paul Hunter]]'''<ref name="Hunter vs. McManus">{{cite news|last=Shea|first=Julian|title=Hunter masters McManus|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2725887.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=16 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD1-score01='''6'''
| RD1-seed02=15
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Alan McManus]]
| RD1-score02=4
| RD1-seed03=8
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|England}} '''[[Stephen Lee (snooker player)|Stephen Lee]]'''<ref name="Swail vs. Davis"/>
| RD1-score03='''6'''
| RD1-seed04=14
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|Australia}} [[Quinten Hann]]
| RD1-score04=4
| RD1-seed05=5
| RD1-team05= {{flagicon|Scotland}} '''[[John Higgins]]'''<ref name="Hunter vs. McManus"/>
| RD1-score05='''6'''
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|England}} [[Steve Davis]]
| RD1-score06=2
| RD1-seed07=4
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|Wales}} '''[[Mark Williams (snooker player)|Mark Williams]]'''<ref name="Doherty vs. Stevens"/>
| RD1-score07='''6'''
| RD1-seed08=12
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Graeme Dott]]
| RD1-score08=3
| RD1-seed09=3
| RD1-team09={{flagicon|England}} '''[[Ronnie O'Sullivan]]'''
| RD1-score09='''6'''
| RD1-seed10=13
| RD1-team10={{flagicon|England}} [[Joe Perry (snooker player)|Joe Perry]]<ref name="Swail vs. Davis"/>
| RD1-score10=1
| RD1-seed11=6
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|Ireland}} '''[[Ken Doherty]]'''<ref name="Doherty vs. Stevens"/>
| RD1-score11='''6'''
| RD1-seed12=9
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|Wales}} [[Matthew Stevens]]
| RD1-score12=5
| RD1-seed13=7
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|Scotland}} '''[[Stephen Hendry]]'''<ref>{{cite news|last=Shea|first=Julian|title=Hendry sets up White clash|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2731055.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=5 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD1-score13='''6'''
| RD1-seed14=11
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|England}} [[Mark King (snooker player)|Mark King]]
| RD1-score14=3
| RD1-seed15=2
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|England}} [[Peter Ebdon]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Shea|first=Julian|title=White comeback sinks Ebdon|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2730269.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=16 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD1-score15=5
| RD1-seed16=10
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|England}} '''[[Jimmy White]]'''
| RD1-score16='''6'''
| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|England}} '''[[Paul Hunter]]'''<ref>{{cite news|last=Shea|first=Julian|title=Hunter demolishes Lee|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2733581.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=6 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD2-score01='''6'''
| RD2-seed02=8
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|England}} [[Stephen Lee (snooker player)|Stephen Lee]]
| RD2-score02=1
| RD2-seed03=5
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|Scotland}} [[John Higgins]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Jones|first=Clive|title=Williams strides into semis|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2737573.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=7 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD2-score03=3
| RD2-seed04=4
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|Wales}} '''[[Mark Williams (snooker player)|Mark Williams]]'''
| RD2-score04='''6'''
| RD2-seed05=3
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|England}} [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]]
| RD2-score05=5
| RD2-seed06=6
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|Ireland}} '''[[Ken Doherty]]'''<ref>{{cite news|last=Shea|first=Julian|title=Doherty ousts O'Sullivan|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2734887.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=6 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD2-score06='''6'''
| RD2-seed07=7
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|Scotland}} '''[[Stephen Hendry]]'''
| RD2-score07='''6'''
| RD2-seed08=10
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|England}} [[Jimmy White]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Jones|first=Clive|title=Hendry battles into last four|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2739283.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=16 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD2-score08=4
| RD3-seed01=1
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|England}} [[Paul Hunter]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Jones|first=Clive|title=Williams eases past Hunter|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2740807.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=16 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD3-score01=3
| RD3-seed02=4
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|Wales}} '''[[Mark Williams (snooker player)|Mark Williams]]'''
| RD3-score02='''6'''
| RD3-seed03=6
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Ken Doherty]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Jones|first=Clive|title=Hendry breaks Doherty resistance|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2741375.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=8 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD3-score03=3
| RD3-seed04=7
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|Scotland}} '''[[Stephen Hendry]]'''
| RD3-score04='''6'''
| RD4-seed01=4
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|Wales}} '''[[Mark Williams (snooker player)|Mark Williams]]'''<ref name="Williams vs. Hendry">{{cite news|last=Jones|first=Clive|title=Williams hammers Hendry|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2741905.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=4 April 2011|date=17 February 2003}}</ref>
| RD4-score01='''10'''
| RD4-seed02=7
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Stephen Hendry]]
| RD4-score02=4
}}`{=mediawiki}
## Final
+:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:+
| **Final:** Best of 19 frames. Referee: Alan Chamberlain\ |
| Wembley Conference Centre, London, England, 9 February 2003. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Mark Williams** (4)\ |
| `{{WAL}}`{=mediawiki} |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *Afternoon:* **69**--5, 0--**123** (70), **82**--1 (82), **76**--1, **67**--47, **74**--35 (59), **67**--43, 0--**102** (102)\ |
| *Evening:* **59**--12, 27--**101** (101), 50--**67**, **68**--36, **61**--1 (60), **83**--0 (82) |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 82 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **4** |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
## Qualifying
The 2002 Masters Qualifying Event was held between 21 and 31 October 2002 at Pontin\'s in Prestatyn, Wales. The winner of this series of matches, who qualified for the tournament, was Mark Davis. Tony Drago made his first and to date only maximum break against Stuart Bingham
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# Indoor antenna
An **indoor antenna** is a type of radio or TV antenna placed indoors, as opposed to being mounted on the roof. They are usually considered a simple and cheap solution to receive transmissions. An indoor antenna is prone to picking up electrical noise, but digital broadcasts are resistant to this noise.
## Description
An indoor antenna is a type of radio or TV antenna placed indoors, as opposed to being mounted on the roof.
## Use
Indoor antennas are a common solution for cord cutting, with a variety of commercial options. They are usually considered a simple and cheap solution that may work well when the receiver is relatively near to the broadcasting transmitter and the building walls do not shield the radio waves too much.
Being close to other electric or electronic equipment in the building, an indoor antenna is prone to picking up more electrical noise that may interfere with a clear (analog) reception. Used for digital broadcast, the noise is less of a factor than analog broadcast, which recently makes this type of antenna a more popular solution.
Indoor antennas are used for radio reception, particularly the folded dipole constructed from twin-lead, which can be nailed to a skirting board
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# RML Group
**Ray Mallock Ltd.**, also known as **RML Group**, is a motorsports and high performance engineering company, based in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, United Kingdom.
## Early history {#early_history}
Ray Mallock began building racing cars, alongside his brother Richard, as an assistant to his father, Major Arthur Mallock, who created the Mallock U2 chassis for Clubmans racing. After racing in Formula 3, Formula Atlantic and sports car racing, Mallock founded his team, Ray Mallock Atlantic Racing, in 1979, which he renamed RML in 1984.
## Sports car racing {#sports_car_racing}
Ray Mallock, a driver for Viscount Downe Racing, helped develop the privateer Aston Martin-powered Nimrod NRA/C2 for Group C regulations in the World Endurance Championship in 1982, 1983 and 1984. In 1984, RML was contracted to build the Ecurie Ecosse prototypes for the C2 class, winning the class title in 1986.
In 1987, RML returned to the main class by developing the Aston Martin AMR-1. The project was closed in 1990, but RML found work with the works Nissan team instead. RML developed and prepared NPTI\'s Nissan R90CK programme for Le Mans. One of the cars manages to lead the race for five hours and set a new lap record.
In 1999, RML returned sportscars by producing the RML Mallock P20 Supersports Car, in association with Mallock Sports his brother Richard\'s company. The car won the National Supersports championships in 1999 and in 2000, when it was driven by Michael Mallock.
In 2000, RML created the Saleen S7 supercar initially as a road car, and then the racing version the S7-R, winning the European Le Mans Series in the GT1 class in 2001 and the Spanish GT Championship overall in 2002. In 2004 RML entered the FIA GT Championship with two cars.
Also in 2004, RML ran an MG-Lola EX257 in the Le Mans 24 Hours and Le Mans Endurance Series. After the design became obsolete with the onset of new LMP2 regulations, RML merged components from the EX257 into the Lola B05/40\'s chassis and bodyshell, creating the MG-Lola EX264, which won Le Mans in the LMP2 class in 2005 and 2006.
The team\'s car was further upgraded for the 2008 Le Mans Series season, using a new XP21 motor developed by MG, and renaming the car EX265. This car was then replaced before the season finale by a coupe bodystyle, based on the new Lola B08/80. Using components of the EX265, including the MG XP21 motor, the new car was christened the EX265C, and made its debut at the 2008 1000km of Silverstone.
In 2009, the team turned to the Mazda MZR-R turbocharged engine in the back of the Lola B08/80, abandoning the MG moniker, but issues with the spec fuel caused several engine failures over the season, the car finishing only twice over the whole season. For the 2010 season, the team is retaining the Lola B08/80 chassis, but with a normally aspirated V8 engine developed by Honda Performance Development, the same engine used in the HPD ARX-01.
RML competed in the Le Mans Series in 2011 with a HPD ARX-01d LMP2 car, becoming the second team to run the ARX-01 in Europe after Strakka Racing.
In 2012, RML developed a new engine on behalf of Nissan for the unique Nissan DeltaWing RML, as Nissans Motorsport Partner ran the car and provided engineering and technical support at Le Mans 24 hours and Petit Le Mans where it finished 5th overall.
For 2014, RML were engaged to design and build the Nissan ZEOD RC, an innovative racing car designed to run in Le Mans Garage 56. The car was the first to switch between Electric and Petrol powered Propulsion. RML were responsible for the whole vehicle, including developing a high performance lightweight powertrain. The engine was a new RML design, a 3-cylinder 1.5 litre weighing only 40 kg and producing over 400 bhp. The ZOED RC suffered a gearbox failure due to a new part with a material defect early in the 24 hour race, however in practice had achieved the first ever all electric lap of Le Mans and over 300 km/h on in Electric mode.
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# RML Group
## Touring car racing {#touring_car_racing}
### British Touring Car Championship {#british_touring_car_championship}
#### Vauxhall (1992--1996) {#vauxhall_19921996}
Taking advantage of its relationship to Ecurie Ecosse, RML made its debut in touring car racing in 1992, by moving to the British Touring Car Championship. The team ran two semi-works Vauxhall Cavaliers for Ecurie Ecosse for two years.
RML built its first ground up Super touring car the Vauxhall Cavalier RML P7 in 1993, it took RML\'s maiden BTCC victory with David Leslie at the wheel at Thruxton.
Due to the team\'s success, RML was awarded with the works Vauxhall contract in 1994 taking over from Dave Cook Racing, winning the championship the following year. The RML Vauxhall Cavalier RML P11 won the 1995 in both the teams and Drivers standings. Vauxhall launched the new Vectra RML P12 for 1996. The season was a transitional year with the team scoring just one victory with James Thompson.
#### Nissan (1997--1999) {#nissan_19971999}
RML\'s association with Nissan in touring car racing began with the design of South African Touring car championship Sentra RML P8 in 1993. It grew in 1997 moving on from Vauxhall to become the works partner for Nissan in Super Touring, being responsible for the build, development and operation of the BTCC cars as well as the build of the cars for the German and Japanese series.
The team won the BTCC manufacturers\' and teams\' titles in 1998 & 1999 with RML project numbers P17 & P18 respectively and the drivers\' championship in 1999 with Laurent Aïello.
#### SEAT (2004) {#seat_2004}
In 2004, RML contracted with SEAT Sport UK to run two SEAT Toledo Cupras in the BTCC with drivers Jason Plato and Rob Huff, at the end of the year RML moved into the WTCC with Chevrolet.
#### Chevrolet (2009--2011) {#chevrolet_20092011}
RML re-entered the BTCC in 2009, running their ex-WTCC Chevrolet Lacettis for 2001 champion Jason Plato, Mat Jackson since round two and James Nash since round four. Alex MacDowall. Their 2009 campaign has brought good results, taking 11 wins and Plato taking second in the drivers championship. In 2010, RML ran the Works Chevrolet team in the BTCC, winning the drivers championship with Jason Plato. On 1 February 2012, Chevrolet announced that they will be pulling out of the BTCC to focus on the WTCC, therefore RML will not be taking part in the 2012 BTCC season.
### World Touring Car Championship {#world_touring_car_championship}
#### Chevrolet (2005--2012) {#chevrolet_20052012}
RML won the contract to build, develop and run the works Chevrolet Lacetti in the WTCC from the 2005 season. The Lacetti won 1 race in its first year, 7 wins in 2007 and 5 wins in 2008. In 2009 the new Chevrolet Cruze was introduced and took 6 wins in the first year. In 2010, the Chevrolet team won both the Manufacturers Championship by a substantial 74 points and, with Yvan Muller, won the Drivers Championship. The RML Chevrolet team won the WTCC again in 2011 with Muller and again in 2012 with Rob Huff. On 4 July 2012, Chevrolet Europe announced that the 2012 season will be the last for the Chevrolet WTCC team.
#### Independent entry (2013) {#independent_entry_2013}
On 4 March 2013, RML announced they would enter the WTCC in 2013 as an independent two-car entry with Chevrolet Cruzes run for Yvan Muller and new recruit from the closed down Team Aon team, Tom Chilton. Muller will win the 2013 WTCC championship & Chilton finishes 5th overall.
Since 2014, RML develops the Chevrolet Cruze to the new 2014 TC1 specs for various teams, but did not field a team.
### South African Touring Car Championship {#south_african_touring_car_championship}
RML built the works Nissan Sentra for the South African Touring Car Championship.
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# RML Group
## Rallying
At the end of 1997, Opel decided to cut down its involvement in touring cars, and contracted RML to the develop the Opel Astra Kit-car for the Formula 2 regulations for them in the World Rally Championship and several national rallying championships in Europe. In 1999, the RML Astra won titles in Germany, Norway and Sweden.
In late 2000 Opel assigned RML to design and build the Opel Corsa for the new Super 1600 category, which replaced the F2 kit-cars. The car made its competition debut in the 2002 JWRC class of the Monte Carlo Rally and its first title the following year.
During this period RML were responsible for the build, development and customer support of all Opel Astra and Corsa Rally cars.
## Formula One {#formula_one}
RML considered lodging an entry for the 2010 Formula One World Championship, however decided against it, citing the current uncertainty over 2010 regulations as their reason for doing so. They were to use Cosworth engines had they submitted an entry. RML have also said they are still considering an entry into Formula One in the future.
## Other series {#other_series}
In 2002, RML entered the British ASCAR stock car series, based on ASA-type racing, winning the 2002 and 2003 titles with Nicolas Minassian and Ben Collins. Also in 2002, RML prepared Darren Manning\'s Team St. George car for the British Champ Car race at the Rockingham race track.
## Road cars {#road_cars}
RML\'s engineering skills were used in road-going cars for the first time in 1990, when the company built a small number of Ford GT40 replicas. In 1994, RML created several concept sketches for an undisclosed Japanese manufacturer.
In 1999, RML returned with two different projects, the Opel Astra Concept DTM, a road-going prototype based on the Opel Astra Coupé the German company would debut the following year, and the ground up design of the Saleen S7.
In 2003, Nissan ordered a prototype based on the new Nissan Micra, powered initially by a 265 hp Touring Car race engine (with a 6-speed sequential gearbox), and later by a 309 hp Nismo tuned V6 engine and called Micra R. The car debuted in the Geneva Auto Show.
In 2011, RML showcased the Nissan Juke-R with Nissan announcing a limited production run of \'the worlds fastest crossover\' in 2012.
In 2014, RML developed and built the Q50 Eau Rouge concept on behalf of Infiniti Motor Co.
RML Group produced a road-legal converted version of the Aston Martin Vulcan some time before 2018.
In 2021, RML showcased the Short Wheelbase, essentially a modern classic inspired by the famed Ferrari 250 GT SWB. Only a few months later, more details surrounding it have been released. As such, only 30 units will be made and will go on sale at the end of 2021
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# Tokyo Metro 05 series
The `{{Nihongo|'''TRTA/Tokyo Metro 05 series'''|営団・東京メトロ05系|Eidan/Tōkyō Metoro 05-kei}}`{=mediawiki} is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on the Tokyo Metro Tozai Line and Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line Ayase Branch in Japan by the subway operator Tokyo Metro. Some sets have also been shipped to Indonesia, where they operate on the KRL Commuterline system in Jakarta.
A total of 43 ten-car trainsets were built from 1988 to 2004, with a number of variants. Sets 05-125 onward have a redesigned front end, and are called \"05N series\". Sets `{{not a typo|05-114}}`{=mediawiki} to 05-118 have wide doors. A further four sets were due to be built, but the plan was changed to use 07 series trains transferred from the Yurakucho Line, so no further 05 series trains were built.
## Operations
, a total of 34 sets (30 x ten-car sets and 4 x three-car sets) were in operation in Japan.
### Tozai Line 10-car sets {#tozai_line_10_car_sets}
30 x ten-car sets based at Fukagawa Depot and used on the following lines.
- Tokyo Metro Tozai Line
- Tōyō Rapid Line between Nishi-Funabashi Station, Tōyō-Katsutadai Station and Nakano Station.
- JR Chūō-Sōbu Line between Nakano Station and Mitaka Station.
- JR Chūō-Sōbu Line between Nishi-Funabashi Station and Tsudanuma Station (only weekday mornings and evenings).
### Chiyoda Line 3-car sets {#chiyoda_line_3_car_sets}
Four three-car sets based at Ayase Depot for use on Chiyoda Line Kita-Ayase Branch Line services since 2014.
## Specifications
to 113 05-114 to 118 to 124 to 133 to 139 to 143
----------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- -------------- --------------- --------------------- --------------- ---------------
Max speed (km/h) 110 120
Acceleration (km/h/s) 3.3 3.0 3.3
Deceleration (km/h/s) 3.5 (emergency 5.0)
Front end style Rectangular lights, no skirt Round lights, skirt
Headlights Sealed beam HID
Destination indicators Roller blind (converted Chiyoda branch line use LED display) 3-colour LED
Interior LED displays 8 per car 4 per car
Control system Chopper GTO-VVVF Chopper IGBT-VVVF
Motor/trailer ratio 5M5T 4M6T 5M5T 4M6T 5M5T
Motor output (kW per motor) 160 200 160 205 165
Train power output (kW) 3,200 3,280 3,300
Gear ratio 5.73 (86:15) 7.79 (109:14) 5.73 (86:15) 7.79 (109:14) 6.21 (87:14)
Pantographs lozenge x5 lozenge x4 lozenge x5 lozenge x4 single arm x5 single arm x3
Door width (m) 1.3 1.8 1.3
Driving controls Dual handle single handle
Seat configuration 3-7-7-7-3 2-6-6-6-2 4-6-7-6-4 3-7-7-7-3
- Note: Sets `{{not a typo|05-135}}`{=mediawiki} to 139 use 3 pantographs (other pantographs are not used).
## Batch differences {#batch_differences}
- to 05-113
- Built 1988 to 1991.
- From`{{not a typo|05-104}}`{=mediawiki} front end glass is slightly extended.
- 05-114
- Built 1991.
- Wide-door cars.
- VVVF prototype cars.
- to 05-118
- Built 1992.
- Wide-door cars.
- Control system same as sets `{{not a typo|05-101}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{not a typo|05-113}}`{=mediawiki}.
- to 05-124
- Built 1993 to 1994.
- Control system is similar to 06 series and 07 series.
- Window sizes are not uniform.
- Set 05-124 contains recycled aluminium components.
- to 05-133
- Built 1999 to 2001.
- Design is completely changed.(05N)
- Performance is similar to sets 119 to 124.
- 05--134 to 05-139
- Built 2002 to 2003.
- Control system is similar to 08 series (used on Hanzōmon Line), with increased performance.
- Uniform window size
- to 05-143 (13th batch)
- Built 2004.
- Control system is similar to sets 134 to 139, but uses pure electric braking.
- Body fabrication changed to adopt Hitachi A-Train concept.
<File:Tokyo-Metro> Series05R-114F.jpg\|05-114 with wide doors and GTO-VVVF system in July 2022 <File:Tokyo-Metro-Series05-024.jpg%7CSet> `{{not a typo|05-124}}`{=mediawiki} in July 2022 <File:Tokyo-Metro> Series05-143F.jpg\|Set `{{not a typo|05-143}}`{=mediawiki} in May 2022
## Formations
### Refurbished sets {#refurbished_sets}
The refurbished sets are formed as shown below, with four motored \"M\" cars, and with car 1 at the Nishi-Funabashi end.
Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
------------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Designation CT1 M1 T M2 Tc1 Tc2 M3 T\' M4 CT2
Numbering 05-100 05-200 05-400 05-800 05-500 05-600 05-300 05-700 05-900 05-000
Weight (t) 24.9 33.5 22.8 32.0 25.9 25.6 32.3 23.3 32.2 25.0
Capacity (total/seated) 143/40 155/42 154/44 154/42 154/44 143/40
Each motored car (cars 2, 4, 7, and 9) is fitted with one single-arm pantograph.
### Chiyoda Line Kita-Ayase Branch 3-car sets {#chiyoda_line_kita_ayase_branch_3_car_sets}
The four sets refurbished and reformed as three-car units for use on the Chiyoda Line Kita-Ayase Branch from April 2014 are formed as shown below, with two motored (\"M\") cars and one non-powered trailer (\"T\") car, and with car 1 at the Ayase end. Sets `{{not a typo|05-101, 05-103}}`{=mediawiki}, 05-106 and 05-113 have been moved to the Chiyoda line.
Car No. 1 2 3
------------------------- -------- -------- --------
Designation CM M1 CT
Numbering 05-100 05-200 05-000
Capacity (total/seated) 142/48 154/51 142/48
- The \"M1\" car has two lozenge-type pantographs.
- The two motored cars each have three axles motored.
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# Tokyo Metro 05 series
## Interior
<File:Tokyometro05-inside1.jpg%7CInterior> of a Tokyo Metro 05 series (1st batch) <File:Tokyo-Metro> Series05-722 Inside.jpg\|Interior of a Tokyo Metro 05 series (7th batch) <File:Tokyometro05> -inside9th.jpg\|Interior of a Tokyo Metro 05N series (9th batch) <File:Tokyo-Metro> Series05-838 Inside.jpg\|Interior of a Tokyo Metro 05N series (12th batch) <File:Tokyo-Metro> Series05-240 Inside.jpg\|Interior of a Tokyo Metro 05N series (13th batch)
## Refurbishment
In December 2012, set 05-114 underwent \"type B\" refurbishment, with a number of improvements utilizing features on the newer 15000 series sets. The traction motors were replaced with new PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motors), as used on the Chiyoda Line 16000 series sets, and internally, 17 in LCD passenger information screens were added above the doorways. The same was done to fifth-batch sets `{{not a typo|05-115}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{not a typo|
05-118}}`{=mediawiki} over the next few years, and eventually all sixth-batch sets `{{not a typo|05-119}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{not a typo|05-121}}`{=mediawiki} by the end of May 2020.
All Tokyo Metro trains, including the Tokyo Metro 05 series in Indonesia, are planned to be retrofitted or refurbished by INKA soon. The refurbishment or retrofit process including conversion from 4-Quadrant Chopper to IGBT-VVVF and changing the number of cars per trainset (8 cars to 12 cars per trainset).
## Retirement
The 05 series begun to be replaced by new 15000 series trains from May 2010. The first batch was replaced by the 15000 series, and has since been scrapped.
Eight former 05 series sets have been shipped to KAI Commuter (formerly known as KA Commuter Jabodetabek / KRL Jabodetabek) in Jakarta, Indonesia. They are sets `{{not a typo|05-102, 05-104, 05-105, 05-107, 05-108, 05–109, 05-110}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{not a typo|05–112}}`{=mediawiki}. These sets have been reduced to eight cars.
Set 05-107 was withdrawn following derailment accident damage sustained in October 2012. Sets 05-102, 104, 105, 109 and 112 are no longer in operation and stored in Depok railway depot. Set 05-110F is bearing the latest KAI Commuter\'s gray-red-white color scheme.
<File:Tokyo> Metro 05 at Kawasaki 20101103.jpg\|Withdrawn 05 series units at Kawasaki wharf awaiting shipping to Indonesia in November 2010 <File:05-109F> Jabodetabek KCJ 05 Series EMU.jpg\|Former 05 series set 109 operated by Kereta Commuter Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia, in February 2011 <File:TM> 05-110F at Manggarai Station.jpg\|Former 05 series set 110 in Indonesia in March 2016 <File:Tokyo> Metro 05-110F New Livery.jpg\|Repainted set 110 in Ancol railway station. The only 05 set that bears the KAI Commuter\'s gray-red-white color scheme. <File:05> Series DP.jpg\|05-104F parked at Depok KRL Depot emplacement.
## Gallery
<File:SS161> of 05.JPG\|SS161 bogie of a 05 series <File:TokyoMetro05-CHOP1.jpg%7CChopper> control device as used on the 05 series <File:TokyoMetro05-VFI-HR2420D-01.jpg%7CVVVF> inverter as used on the 05 series <File:Tokyometro05-124-1.jpg%7CSome> 05 series trains bear this sticker to indicate that they were made using recycled aluminium <File:Tokyo-Metro> Series05R Cab.jpg\|Control cab of the 05 series <File:Tozai05fukagawa
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# Jonathan Beaulieu-Bourgault
**Jonathan Beaulieu-Bourgault** (born September 27, 1988) is a Canadian former professional soccer player who played as a defensive midfielder.
## Club career {#club_career}
Born in Montreal, Quebec, he helped FC St. Pauli gain promotion from the Regionalliga Nord to the 2. Bundesliga during the 2006--07 season, after being forced to sit out the prior season due to a broken leg. Beaulieu-Bourgault signed with the German side at age 17 after being scouted while playing for Lakers du Lac Saint-Louis in Quebec.
On June 21, 2010 he signed with SC Preußen Münster, where he spent two years.
## International career {#international_career}
Beaulieu-Bourgault played for the Canada national U20 team. He made his debut in a three-match series against Brazil in May 2006. The Canadians won the first match 2--1, which was the first time any Canadian team had won against the Brazil national team. He contributed by making a key defensive play which resulted in the attacking move which created the winning goal. Prior to that, he was a member of the Canadian team in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship, although he did not play for the team.
He was called up to the U20 team for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup in his home nation and played in all three of the team\'s matches. In the match against the Congo on July 8, 2007, Canada\'s goalkeeper Asmir Begović was red carded for handling the ball outside the box. As coach Dale Mitchell had already made his three substitutions, Beaulieu-Bourgault took the place of goalkeeper for the final fifteen minutes of the match. He made several impressive saves and kept a clean sheet for his portion of the match (which ended 2--0 for the Congo, both goals already having been conceded by Begovic) which led to rousing applause by the Canadian fans.
On November 11, 2009 he received his first senior call-up for Canada. He made his senior debut as a substitute in a friendly against Macedonia on November 14, 2009.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He speaks English, French and German fluently
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# Erling Blöndal Bengtsson
**Erling Blöndal Bengtsson** (8 March 1932 -- 6 June 2013) was a Danish cellist.
Born in Copenhagen, Bengtsson gave his first public performance there in 1936, when he was four years old. He was admitted at the age of sixteen to the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia where he studied with Gregor Piatigorsky, who engaged him as a teaching assistant in 1949. From 1950 to 1953, Bengtsson taught his own cello class at the Institute, before being appointed to the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen. In 1980, he became a professor at the Hochschule für Musik Köln. He returned to America in 1990 and taught at the University of Michigan School of Music until his retirement from academia in 2006.
Bengtsson was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music and was conferred the title *Chevalier du Violoncelle* by Indiana University in 1993. Bengtsson made most of his phonograph and CD recordings with the Danish label Danacord. In November 2006, Danacord released the DVD *The Cello and I*, which presented a comprehensive portrait of Bengtsson\'s career on the seventieth anniversary of his debut. He died in Ann Arbor, Michigan, aged 81.
Bengtsson was the subject of a sculpture (*The Musician*) in 1970 by the Icelandic sculptor Ólöf Pálsdóttir, of him playing the cello. In 2014 this was moved to a location in the water, next to the Iceland Symphony Orchestra\'s new home of the Harpa in Reykjavík
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# Darryl Grant
**Darryl Baris Grant** (born November 22, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Washington Redskins. He played college football for the Rice Owls.
Grant was selected by the Redskins in the ninth round of the 1981 NFL draft. The Redskins decided to turn him into a defensive lineman, even though he played offensive guard in college. After using his 1981 rookie year to adjust to the rigors of playing defensive tackle in the NFL, Grant joined the defensive line rotation starting in 1982.
Grant went on to become a fixture on head coach Joe Gibbs\' Redskins teams in the 1980s. At times paired alongside other Redskins defensive line standouts such as Dave Butz, Dexter Manley and Charles Mann, Grant was one of the contributors during a period (his Redskins career 1981--1990) that saw the Redskins make the playoffs six times, including three trips to the Super Bowl (two wins) and four conference championship appearances (three wins).
## Career highlights {#career_highlights}
Grant intercepted a pass and returned it for a ten-yard touchdown in the 1982 NFC Championship game against the Dallas Cowboys, which the Redskins eventually won 31--17.
Grant went on to play in 141 games for the Redskins from 1981 to 1990, finishing with 27 sacks and two interceptions. His best season was 1984 when he recorded a career-high eight sacks
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# Brief Heaven
***Brief Heaven*** (*Breve cielo*) is a 1969 Argentine film directed by David José Kohon. It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival where Ana María Picchio won the award for Best Actress.
In a survey of the 100 greatest films of Argentine cinema carried out by the Museo del Cine Pablo Ducrós Hicken in 2000, the film reached the 24th position. In a new version of the survey organized in 2022 by the specialized magazines *La vida útil*, *Taipei* and *La tierra quema*, presented at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival, the film reached the 41st position
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# Deliciously Amoral
***Deliciously Amoral*** (*Deliciosamente amoral*) is a 1969 Argentine sex comedy film directed by Julio Porter, starring Libertad Leblanc, Guillermo Bredeston, and Rodolfo Onetto
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# HK Spišská Nová Ves
**HK Spišská Nová Ves** is a professional Slovak ice hockey club based in Spišská Nová Ves. They currently play in the Slovak Extraliga. The club is a four-time and current winner of the second highest competition Slovak 1. Liga, as it won in the 2020--21 season and advanced to Slovak Extraliga. They play their home games in Spiš Aréna in the eastern Slovak town Spišská Nová Ves. The team was established in 1932.
## Honours
### Domestic
**Slovak Extraliga**
- Runners-up (1): 2023--24
- 3rd place (1): 2022--23
**Slovak 1. Liga**
- Winners (4): 1995--96, 2001--02, 2008--09, 2020--21
- Runners-up (3): 2006--07, 2007--08, 2014--15
- 3rd place (1): 2010--11
**1st
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# Sensual Jungle
***Sensual Jungle*** (*Cautiva en la selva*) is a 1969 Argentine film directed by Leo Fleider
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# Eloy (film)
***Eloy*** is a 1969 Argentine film directed by Humberto Ríos.
It was filmed in San Diego, Viña del Mar, Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires
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# Embrujada
***Embrujada*** is a 1976 Argentine sexploitation horror film directed by Armando Bó and Egídio Eccio.
## Cast
- Isabel Sarli as Ansisé
- Víctor Bó as Juan
- Daniel de Alvarado as Leandro
- C. Adolpho Chadler as Jacinto
- Miguel A
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# Sonnet 92
**Sonnet 92** is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man.
## Structure
Sonnet 92 is an English or Shakespearean sonnet. The English sonnet has three quatrains, followed by a final rhyming couplet. It follows the typical rhyme scheme of the form, ABAB CDCD EFEF GG and is composed in iambic pentameter, a type of poetic metre based on five pairs of metrically weak/strong syllabic positions. The 5th line exemplifies a regular iambic pentameter:
× / × / × / × / × /
Then need I not to fear the worst of wrongs, (92.5)
: / = *ictus*, a metrically strong syllabic position. × = *nonictus*.
The 12th line exhibits both an initial and a mid-line reversal:
/ × × / × / / × × /
Happy to have thy love, happy to die! (92.12)
The meter demands that both in line 2\'s \"assurèd\" and line 13\'s \"blessèd\", the *-ed* ending receives full syllabic status.
## Context in the sequence {#context_in_the_sequence}
Sonnet 92 follows directly on from sonnet 91, where the poet was happy in everything except that \'thou mayst take/ All this away\'. But, sonnet 92 says, if the fair young man steals himself away, the poet\'s life will immediately end.
## Comments on idiom and vocabulary {#comments_on_idiom_and_vocabulary}
\'But do thy worst\': in this psychologically tormented series of sonnets, the young man was urged to leave the poet in Sonnet 90, so that the poet would feel \'the worst of Fortune\'s might\'. Burrow suggests the opening phrase of Sonnet 92 plays on \'do your best\', but \'Do thy worst\' was a common idiom (\'Do thy worst, Satan\' etc. sometimes used in sexual contexts: \'Do thy worst\' says the young woman to her lover in a round by Edward Ravenscroft, \'Glad am I, glad am I\...\').
\'steal thyself away\': Sonnet 91 had considered various forms of valuable possessions enjoyed by various men, but claimed that \'having thee, of all men\'s pride I boast\'. Surveying of all Elizabethan sonnets (using the LION database) reveals that the idea of theft is common in Shakespeare\'s sonnets (10 times), rare in other sonneteers. An alert and questioning reader might pause over the notion that the young man can steal himself: and this betrays a perhaps worrying sense of emotional entitlement in the poet.
In line 11, \'happy title\': Shakespeare quite naturally uses \'title\' in relation to kingship (most frequently in Part 3 of *Henry VI*). A kingly title that is perilous or subject to imminent change would be that of Macbeth (Act V scene ii: \'now does he feel his title hang loose about him\'). Expressions like \'better state\', \'revolt\' and \'happy title\' give a subdued figure of kingship. Back in sonnet 87, the poet was \'in sleep a king\' (dreaming of the young man), \'but waking no such matter\'.
\'O\', opening line 11, is a common exclamation on the sonnets (49 times, often at the very opening of a sonnet). Here, the suggestion or tonality is of empty happiness, \'O\' as a nullity.
In the closing couplet of a sonnet where comparatives had played a significant role, the poet discovers another level of \'worst\': falsehood in the young man of which the poet may actually be unaware. Sonnet 93 follows directly on this new possibility of distress
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# YMCA International Camp, Nilshi, India
**YMCA Camp Lakeside** is located at village Nilshi, in the Western Ghats (mountains) between Mumbai and Pune, India.
Camp Lakeside is a 40-acre campsite surrounded by the beautiful Andhra Lake. The site aims to provide camping & outdoor experiences that develop self-reliance and resourcefulness in a fun, learning environment.
The campsite is run by the YMCA of Bombay, and a team consisting of adventure experts and locally hired support staff.
This wilderness retreat is used by outdoor development experts for environmental and experiential learning, adventure sports, for corporate executive training, youth leadership building and conference programs, for summer and Diwali camp programs, by social workers for informal education of local under-privileged children, and for spiritual/church retreats.
**Activities include**: Rock climbing, archery, swimming, nature treks, development games, treasure hunts, rappelling, kayaking, ropes course, team/group games, camp fires etc.
## Design
The complex was designed by Pune-based Master Architect Prof.Christopher Charles Benninger. His team included architects Deepak Guggari and Harsh Manrao. This organic complex was completed in 2003 and has won national awards, including the 2006 Indian Institute of Architects (IIA) Award for the best Public Building of the year because of its sustainable environment and unique relationship to the landscape.
Most of the habitable areas are underground, tucked into the hillside, reducing the need for energy-driven air conditioning, while maintaining the original green ground coverage. Wind scopes provide natural ventilation and lighting deep within the habitable areas. Earth insulation reduces energy consumption and stabilizes cyclical temperature variations. The complex is one of India\'s best examples of energy efficient and sustainable architecture. It is also known for the use of a lightweight tensile structure over the dining hall providing soft, energy-free light. In 2022-23, it was decided to add a support column for this tensile cover, given the high speed winds prevalent sometimes during the yearly monsoon period. There is also an underground conference hall that accommodates up to 80 people
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# The Boys Didn't Wear Hair Gel Before (1969 film)
***The Boys Didn\'t Wear Hair Gel Before*** (***Los muchachos de antes no usaban gomina***) is a 1969 Argentine drama film. It is a remake of the 1937 film *The Boys Didn\'t Wear Hair Gel Before*, one of the biggest hits of the Golden Age of Argentine Cinema
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# I Want to Fill Myself With You
***I Want to Fill Myself With You**\'\' (***Quiero llenarme de ti**\'\') is a 1969 Argentine film
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# Electoral district of East Sydney
**East Sydney** was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly, in the Australian colony of New South Wales created in 1859 from part of the Electoral district of Sydney City, covering the eastern part of the current Sydney central business district, Woolloomooloo, Potts Point, Elizabeth Bay and Darlinghurst, bordered by George Street to the east, Boundary Street to the west, and, from the creation of South Sydney in 1880, Liverpool Street and Oxford Street, to the south. It elected four members simultaneously, with voters casting four votes and the first four candidates being elected. For the 1894 election, it was replaced by the single-member electorates of Sydney-King, Sydney-Fitzroy and Sydney-Bligh
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# Póker de amantes para tres
***Póker de amantes para tres*** is a 1969 Argentine film
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# Players vs. ángeles caídos
***Players vs. ángeles caídos*** is a 1969 Argentinian film
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# Shulshaga
**Shulshaga** (Šulšaga) or **Shulsagana** (Šulšagana) was a Mesopotamian god. He was a part of the state pantheon of the city-state of Lagash. His name means \"youth of his heart\" in Sumerian, with the possessive pronoun possibly referring to Shulshaga\'s father, Ningirsu.
While direct references to the lineage of deities are rare in sources from the Early Dynastic period, it is certain that Shulshaga was viewed as the eldest son of Ningirsu and his wife Bau, and as the older brother of Igalim. One inscription refers to Shulshaga and Igalim as \"beloved children of Ningirsu.\" They received an equal amount of offerings according to documents from Early Dynastic Lagash.
Several rulers of Lagash were devoted to Shulshaga. Ur-Nanshe built a statue of him. Urukagina mentions building temples to multiple deities of Lagash, including Shulsaga, as well as his parents, brother, as well as Hegir, Bau\'s Lamma and Ninmu. Said temple bore the name *(E-)tuš-akkil-li*. One inscription of Gudea mentions him alongside Ningirsu and the king\'s tutelary god Ningishzida, and credits him with providing him with the \"breath of life.\"
It is possible that in later periods Shulshaga was worshiped in Assur in Esharra, the temple of Ashur. Late lexical texts also sometimes apply the names Shulshaga and Igalim to the weapons of Zababa
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# Shul-utula
**Shul-utul** (*𒀭𒂄𒀖𒇻}}*, `{{Transliteration|sux|<sup>[[dingir|D]]</sup>šul-utul₁₀}}`{=mediawiki}) or **Shul-utula** was the personal god of the rulers of the Mesopotamian Ur-Nanshe dynasty of Lagash. His name means \"youngling shepherd\" in Sumerian.
Despite his role as the personal deity of kings, Shul-utul was not regarded as a deity associated with ruling, and it is possible his role was instead connected to personal luck. It is also possible that, similar to Ninshubur, he was envisioned as capable of mediating with higher ranked gods on behalf of humans under his protection. One document states that he helped kings with building temples in Girsu. He is mentioned in inscriptions in association with rulers such as Entemena and Eannatum.
Shut-utul is mostly attested in association with temples of other deities. Seven foundation figurines from the Ibgal temple, which dedicated to Inanna, are assumed to be depictions of Shul-utul. He was also worshiped in Emah (Sumerian: \"exalted house\"), a shrine of Nanshe located in Girsu.
The only certain attestation of Shul-utul from the Ur III period is the personal name Ur-Shul-utul. None are known from later periods
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# Sturtevant station
**Sturtevant station** is an Amtrak railroad station in Sturtevant, Wisconsin, United States, which opened for service on August 14, 2006. It is located on East Exploration Court in the Renaissance Business Park off Wisconsin Highway 20. The facility accommodates travelers who use the *Hiawatha* between Chicago and Milwaukee and the related *Borealis* between Chicago and St. Paul, Minnesota, and sees fourteen daily arrivals. The *Empire Builder* also passes through this station but does not stop. Located along tracks owned by the Canadian Pacific Kansas City railroad, the station was constructed as a replacement for the former Milwaukee Road depot, which was moved from its former location to Caledonia in October 2009.
## Service and facilities {#service_and_facilities}
The Sturtevant station\'s primary function is to provide residents of Racine, Kenosha and the southern portions of the Milwaukee metropolitan area with intercity service. The station sees fourteen daily arrivals, with six *Hiawatha* trains each direction and one pair of *Borealis* trains, which took over the scheduled time slots of a former seventh pair of *Hiawathas*. All trains operate from Chicago Union Station on the southern end of the route. *Hiawatha* trains operate from Milwaukee Intermodal Station in the north, while *Borealis* trains run from St. Paul Union Depot. The station is the second stop enroute from Milwaukee to Chicago, 23 mi with a travel time of about 28 minutes. It is also the third stop en route from Chicago, with a travel time along the 63 mi section taking one hour. In Amtrak\'s `{{Amtrak ridership|longdate}}`{=mediawiki}, the station handled `{{Amtrak ridership|Sturtevant}}`{=mediawiki} passengers.`{{Amtrak ridership|citationWI}}`{=mediawiki}
The 1800 sqft station includes a Quik-Trak ticket kiosk, restrooms, a seating area and a pedestrian bridge to connect the northbound and southbound boarding platforms. As the station is unstaffed, all tickets from the station need to be either purchased in advance or from the Quik-Trak kiosk. The station parking lot contains 170 spaces, with payment required upon entering for daily use and a permit required for monthly use. Connections from the station to the local bus service operated daily by Ryde Racine are also available.
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# Sturtevant station
## History
Prior to the completion of this facility, Amtrak served the former Milwaukee Road depot on Wisconsin Street in downtown Sturtevant. Due to the age and condition of the facility, in summer 1998 village officials applied for a federal grant for the construction of a new station. By November, initial construction costs for the facility were estimated at \$1 million. Financing for the facility would come 80 percent through a state grant with the remaining 20 percent coming from the village. In July 2000, the original architectural plans were unveiled illustrating a 1500 sqft station, two side platforms, and a pedestrian tunnel crossing beneath the tracks. Additionally, construction costs were revised to \$1.2 million with an estimated completion date of spring 2001.
Final approval for the construction of the station was given by the Sturtevant Village Board in April 2001, with completion slated for that November. At the time of approval, construction costs were again revised up to \$2.1 million and the size of the station was increased to 1800 sqft. By fall 2002, after both design changes and a delay in the receipt federal funding, construction was expected to commence. However, groundbreaking would again be delayed due to a disagreement between the village and the Canadian Pacific Railway regarding liability for what occurs on railroad property during construction. The issue was resolved by February 2003, with solicitation of bids for its construction being requested soon thereafter.
In May, costs for construction of the station were again increased to \$4.1 million. The increased costs were primarily associated with the relocation of fiber optic lines during the construction of the pedestrian tunnel. To reduce overall costs, village officials asked for architects to remove the tunnel and replace it with an elevated walkway over the tracks. In October 2004, the village board gave final approval to the revised station plan with a pedestrian bridge. The \$3.2 million estimated cost of the station was to be financed through a pair of federal transportation grants in addition to the village borrowing against its tax incremental financing district from the adjacent industrial park.
After nearly six years since it was initially proposed, ground was broken for the station in September 2005. The official dedication for the \$3.2 million facility occurred on August 12, 2006, with Governor Jim Doyle, U.S. Representative Paul Ryan and Racine County Executive Bill McReynolds in attendance. Service would be discontinued at the 1901-depot the following day with the new facility opening for passenger service on August 14, 2006. The shuttered, 1901 station would subsequently be deconstructed and relocated to Caledonia between August and October 2009.
For much of the spring of 2020, Sturtevant was temporarily a stop on the *Empire Builder,* a long-distance train connecting Chicago to the Pacific Northwest. The stop was added when the *Hiawatha* was suspended in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Daily service to/from St. Paul began on May 21, 2024, when *Hiawatha* trains 333 (northbound) and 340 (southbound) were extended to become *Borealis* trains 1333 and 1340
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# Goodman Mazibuko
**Goodman Mazibuko** (born 5 April 1975) is a South African former soccer player who played as a midfielder. He played for Free State Stars, Orlando Pirates and Moroka Swallows. He also represented South Africa
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# Robert Merritt
**Robert Gray Merritt** (1936 -- June 5, 1999) was a Nova Scotia playwright, film critic, and educator.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Merritt was born in Yonkers, NY, the son of John Gray and Mildred (Rust) Merritt.
Merritt died in 1999 of complications arising from congestive heart failure and cancer, five years after taking early retirement.
## Career
Merritt was a teacher in Houston and Oklahoma in the 1960s. From the 1970s through the 1990s, he was a professor of theatre, specializing in playwriting and film, at Dalhousie University\'s Department of Theatre. He was well known for challenging the conventions of mainstream theatre and encouraging his many students to find their own artistic voices.
Merritt was also a film critic for CBC Radio\'s morning program, Information Morning. At times he roused strong listener reaction with his attacks on mainstream movies and his promotion of independent film. Describing Warren Beatty and Dustin Hoffman\'s Ishtar, Merritt said that it was a pity that the film was not named \"Tishtar.\" because then \"if you spelled it backwards, it would almost write its own review.\"
## Legacy
The annual Robert Merritt Awards, which recognize outstanding achievement in professional theatre in Nova Scotia, are named in his honour. The Merritts celebrate accomplishment in acting, directing, playwrighting, design, technical theatre, and production
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# Mukōmachi Station
`{{nihongo|'''Mukōmachi Station'''|向日町駅|Mukōmachi-eki}}`{=mediawiki} is a passenger railway station located in the city of Mukō, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). Mukōmachi Station is one of three railway stations in the city of Mukō; the others are `{{STN|Nishi-Mukō|x}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{STN|Higashi-Mukō|x}}`{=mediawiki} stations on the Hankyu Kyoto Line.
## Lines
Mukōmachi Station is served by trains of the JR Kyoto Line (Tōkaidō Main Line). Only local trains stop at this station except for special rapid service trains which stop in the morning. The station is 6.4 km to Kyoto Station, 36.4 km to Osaka Station and 520.0 km to Tokyo Station.
## Station facilities {#station_facilities}
The track runs north to south and the station building stands west of the tracks. On the tracks there are two island platforms, which are connected by a footbridge. Tracks No. 2 and 3 are for passenger use, with Tracks No. 1 and 4 fenced off as all trains on the outer tracks pass through this station without stopping. The station is staffed.
## History
Mukōmachi Station opened on 28 July 1876, as the first railway station in Kyoto Prefecture when the nation\'s second-oldest railway line connecting Osaka and Kobe was first extended towards Kyoto. The location of the station was a crossing point of the railway and the `{{nihongo|Saigoku Highway|[[:ja:西国街道|西国街道]]|Saigoku Kaidō}}`{=mediawiki} to Kyoto. The railway once terminated at Mukōmachi was extended to the temporary station of Kyoto on 5 September 1876.
Mukōmachi was the name of the predecessor town of the city of Mukō. When Mukō become a city in 1972, the two Hankyu stations were renamed from Nishi-Mukōmachi and Higashi-Mukōmachi respectively, but the name of JNR station was not changed.
Station numbering was introduced to the station in March 2018 with Mukōmachi being assigned station number JR-A34.
## Passenger statistics {#passenger_statistics}
According to the Kyoto Prefecture statistical book, in fiscal 2019 the station was used by an average of 7994 passengers per day.
## Environs
South of the station is the large train yard called *Kyoto Sōgō Untensho*, a base of passenger trains of West Japan Railway. Higashi-Mukō Station of the Hankyu Kyoto Line is located about 0.5 km southwest of the station. A free bus service connects the station to Mukōmachi Keirinjō bicycle racecourse when keirin races are held there
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# Lew Barnes
**Lew Eric Barnes** (born December 27, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for three seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Bears, Atlanta Falcons, and Kansas City Chiefs. He was selected by the Bears in the fifth round of the 1986 NFL draft. Barnes played college football at the University of Oregon, where he was a first-team All-American as a senior.
## Early life {#early_life}
Barnes prepped at Lincoln High School in Southeast San Diego
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# David Hickey (Gaelic footballer)
**David Hickey** is a former Gaelic footballer, semi-professional rugby union player and selector for the Dublin county team. With Dublin he played as wing-forward, with French rugby union club Stade Rochelais as full-back.
He is a doctor by profession and Director of Transplantation in Ireland. According to the *Irish Independent*, Hickey is \"one of the world\'s most eminent transplant surgeons\".
## Biography
Hickey was interested in rugby union, specifically the French variety, from a young age. His father, Patrick, was a Waterpark RFC player.
Hickey studied medicine at University College Dublin (UCD). He first featured for Dublin at the age of 17, and was the only footballer in a medical class dominated by rugby players. He appeared in six consecutive All-Ireland Senior Football Championship finals during the 1970s, winning three of them and receiving two All-Stars. His All-Ireland winning years were 1974, 1976 and 1977. His two All-Stars for Dublin were in 1974 and 1976. He also won two National Football League medals with Dublin in 1976 and 1978.
Offaly, on their way to three consecutive Leinster Senior Football Championship titles, ended Dublin\'s run of All-Ireland finals by defeating them in the 1980 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. Hickey joined the then semi-professional French rugby union club Stade Rochelais, where he spent two years, after an agreement was reached through rugby commentator Pierre Salviac. The club\'s president, who also happened to be a local councillor and surgeon, allowed Hickey to continue his medical training with him in the operating theatre. He was given his own apartment and learned what he later described as a sort of \"aristocratic French\". He left the club because his surgical training programme required him to be in Ireland but said he would never have returned to his own country if he had been studying another subject. He later told the *Irish Independent*: \"There\'s a harbour lined with cafes, restaurants and bars and they\'re lovely people. I had a really wonderful time there, really, really loved it\". Hickey, the club\'s first signing from abroad, received the Freedom of the City of La Rochelle. Clontarf were invited to France to play a game against Stade Rochelais to commemorate the end of Hickey\'s time there. He invited his old French rugby teammates to Ireland for the 2019 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final (drawn game), having introduced them to Gaelic football through repeated viewings of the 1977 Dublin and Kerry All-Ireland semi-final while travelling to rugby games across France.
Hickey, upon his return to Ireland, was first sent to Waterford. There he played one season of rugby for Waterpark. He is a consultant urologist and transplant surgeon, based at Beaumont Hospital in Dublin. He was tipped to become a selector for the Dublin football panel, replacing Paul Nugent ahead of the 2010 football season
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# Second Thoughts (Shobhaa De novel)
***Second Thoughts*** is a novel by Shobhaa De.
## Synopsis
*Second Thoughts* is a love story about Maya, a pretty girl who is eager to escape her dull, middle-class home in Calcutta for the glamour of Mumbai, where she moves after marriage to Ranjan, a handsome, ambitious man who has an American university degree and a wealthy family background.
Maya is determined to be the ideal wife, but finds herself trapped and stifled by the confines of her arranged marriage to a man who, she discovers, is rigidly conservative and completely indifferent to her desires. She begins to experience great loneliness in suburban Mumbai.
She strikes up a friendship with Nikhil, her charming, college-going neighbor, leading to love and betrayal
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# Calvin Magee
**Calvin N. Magee** (April 23, 1963`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}May 20, 2022) was an American professional football player and college football coach. He played tight end for four seasons for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1985 to 1988.
Shortly after a high school coaching career around the Tampa area, Calvin was a member of the University of South Florida\'s first coaching staff in 1996 where he remained until 2001 when he joined Rich Rodriguez\'s staff at West Virginia University. Magee followed Rodriguez to the University of Michigan in 2008, where he served as offensive coordinator until Rodriguez and his staff were fired after the 2010 season.
Rodriguez is widely credited with innovating the spread option offense, which Magee managed at West Virginia and Michigan. This offense is used by thousands of high schools and other collegiate programs throughout the country. Magee was a finalist for the Broyles Award in 2007, given to the top college assistant coach.
Following Rich Rodriguez\'s termination as Michigan\'s head football coach, Magee joined Todd Graham\'s staff on the Pittsburgh Panthers football team. He served as offensive coordinator for the 2011 season.
On December 5, 2011, Rich Rodriguez announced that Magee would join his staff at the University of Arizona as offensive coordinator. He was also the running backs coach.
On January 20, 2018, Magee became the offensive coordinator and running backs coach at the University of New Mexico.
On January 2, 2019, Magee became the tight ends coach at the University of Mississippi.
Magee died on May 20, 2022, following a heart attack
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# Milwaukee Intermodal Station
**Milwaukee Intermodal Station** is an intercity bus and train station in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Amtrak service at Milwaukee includes the daily *Empire Builder*, the daily *Borealis*, and the six daily *Hiawatha* round trips. It is Amtrak\'s 18th-busiest station nationwide, and the second-busiest in the Midwest, behind only Chicago Union Station. The station is served by bus companies Coach USA - Wisconsin Coach Lines (regional and intercity services), Greyhound Lines, Jefferson Lines, Indian Trails, Lamers, Badger Bus, Tornado Bus Company, and Megabus. It is also the western terminus of the M-Line service of The Hop streetcar.
The Wisconsin Department of Transportation owns the station and platforms. The DOT\'s Statewide Traffic Operations Center is on the 3rd floor of the station. The station has 2 island platforms and 1 side platform, which serve the two main tracks of the Canadian Pacific Kansas City C&M Subdivision plus three platform sidings.
## History
The station opened on August 3, 1965, as **Milwaukee Union Station**. Operated by the Milwaukee Road, it replaced their previous Everett Street Depot. The depot was built on West St. Paul Avenue in a modernistic style that proved unpopular quickly after it was erected. The Chicago and North Western Railway closed their Milwaukee station (Lake Front Depot) and moved their passenger operations to the new Milwaukee Road depot in 1966. Following the formation of Amtrak in 1971, the Chicago and North Western withdrew all of its inter-city trains and commuter service from the station. The Canadian Pacific Railway (through its Soo Line Railroad subsidiary) acquired the trackage within the train shed when it bought the remnants of the Milwaukee Road in 1986. CP merged with the Kansas City Southern Railway on April 14, 2023 to form Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited.
In November 2007, the facility was renamed the Milwaukee Intermodal Station following a \$16.9 million renovation. The new facility included a larger waiting area with a glass atrium and improved space for Amtrak ticketing, as well as facilities for intercity buses (to accommodate Greyhound service after it relocated from its former location at 7th and Michigan), a restaurant, and retail space. In 2016, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation completed a rebuild of the train shed and platform to meet federal accessible standards.
The Hop streetcar service began on November 2, 2018, with a stop on Vel R. Phillips Avenue just northeast of the station
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# Paulo Alves (footballer, born 1969)
**Paulo Lourenço Martins Alves** `{{Post-nominals|list=[[Order of Prince Henry|CvIH]]}}`{=mediawiki} (born 10 December 1969) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a centre-forward, currently a manager.
He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 301 matches and 78 goals over 13 seasons, mainly with Gil Vicente (five years). He also represented in the competition Marítimo, Sporting CP (three apiece) União de Leiria (two) and Braga. Internationally, he won the FIFA World Youth Championship in 1989 and was part of the Olympic team that came fourth in 1996, also being a senior international in the mid-1990s.
Alves started coaching in 2005, and went on to be in charge of several clubs, including Gil (in several spells). He managed them and Olhanense in the top-flight, and eight teams in the second tier, winning the latter with Gil and Moreirense.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Club
Born in Vila Real, Alves moved from local club S.C. Vila Real to FC Porto\'s youth ranks at 17, but was unsuccessful there, moving to Gil Vicente FC. After spells with F.C. Tirsense, C.S. Marítimo (twice) and S.C. Braga, Alves joined Primeira Liga giants Sporting CP, being relatively used during his three-year stay. He also played in England with West Ham United on loan, but managed just four substitute appearances in a three-month spell. Upon his return to Lisbon, he notably scored a hat-trick in a 5--3 win at S.C. Campomaiorense.
In the summer of 1998, Alves signed a three-year deal at SC Bastia in the French Ligue 1, for a fee of €400,000. He scored on his debut as a late replacement in a 3--0 home victory over FC Metz, but added only two more goals in his one year in Corsica. He then spent two seasons with U.D. Leiria, netting six times in 27 matches in 2000--01 to help the club to its best-ever finish in the top flight, a fifth position. His second stint at Gil Vicente saw him finish as team top scorer for the 2001--02 campaign, with 11 goals from 27 appearances.
Alves retired in June 2005, at the age of 35.
### International
Alves helped Portugal win the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship in Saudi Arabia -- in the group stage opener against Czechoslovakia, he scored a last-minute header (his strongest asset) for the game\'s only goal. Later in his career he also managed 13 caps for the full side, scoring seven times, mostly during the UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying stage and friendlies within that period. His first goals came as a brace as a substitute on 18 December 1994 in an 8--0 qualifying win over Liechtenstein, and three more the following 15 August in a 7--0 victory in the reverse fixture, again off the bench.
At the 1996 Summer Olympics in the United States, Alves helped his team finish fourth in the football event. He scored to open a 1--1 draw with the hosts in the final group game at the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium.
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# Paulo Alves (footballer, born 1969)
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
Alves took up coaching immediately after retiring, precisely with the Barcelos club. In 2008 he joined another team he played for, Leiria, also in the Segunda Liga.
Due to poor results in the 2008--09 season, Alves was sacked by União de Leiria, but stayed in that league by moving to F.C. Vizela. In the following summer he rejoined former Sporting teammate Oceano\'s coaching staff at the Portugal under-21 side, while also being charged with the under-20s; after a handful of games he resigned and returned to Gil Vicente, winning the 2011 second-division championship with the subsequent promotion.
After three years, which also brought a runner-up place in the Taça da Liga, Alves replaced former national teammate Abel Xavier at the helm of S.C. Olhanense early into the 2013--14 campaign, being dismissed after less than three months in charge and with only one point won in six league matches.
Alves returned to management in December 2014, taking the helm at S.C. Beira-Mar, 14th in the second tier. The team suffered with serious financial problems over the season, and were sent to the Aveiro Football Association\'s second division as a punishment.
On 3 December 2015, Alves was appointed at F.C. Penafiel until the end of the division two season, having been working in Iran for F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran. He remained in the job until being hired by C.F. União for 2017--18, being relieved of his duties on 2 October with the side placed 12th. He returned to Gil Vicente halfway through the campaign, and left on 23 February 2018 by mutual agreement having not won any of his seven fixtures.
After a few months back in the Middle East with Ohod Club of Saudi Arabia, Alves returned to the Portuguese second tier in June 2019, at Varzim SC. He was dismissed on 18 October 2020, after three consecutive defeats in a five-game winless run.
On 8 June 2022, Alves was hired by newly relegated Moreirense FC. He helped the club through their League Cup group, at the expense of national leaders S.L. Benfica on goals scored. He also won the second tier, confirming it with a 4--2 away victory over second-placed C.F. Estrela da Amadora. After achieving this, he left the Parque de Jogos Comendador Joaquim de Almeida Freitas.
On 22 December 2023, Alves was appointed as manager of Primera Federación club CD Lugo. He was sacked less than two months later
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# Tashmetum
**Tashmetum** (`{{cuneiform|𒀭𒌨𒈨𒌈}}`{=mediawiki}, *^d^taš-me-tum*, **Tašmētum**) was a Mesopotamian goddess. Her character is poorly understood, and she is best attested as the spouse of Nabu, though they only came to be associated with each other in the eighteenth century BCE. She was worshiped in Assyria as early as in the nineteenth century BCE, and reached Babylonia in the Old Babylonian period. Sources from the first millennium BCE indicate she was venerated alongside Nabu in cities such as Borsippa and Kalhu.
## Name
The theonym Tashmetum has Akkadian origin. It is derived from the root *šemû*, \"to hear\". The translations \"hearing\" and \"reconciliation\" have been suggested, though neither is certain, as the term is not attested as an abstract noun, only as a theonym and personal name. Zachary Rubin proposes translating it as \"she hears\" instead. Franscesco Pomponio suggested the alternate translation \"intelligence\", relying on the association between Tashmetum and Nabu, but no evidence for the term *tašmētum* ever being assigned such a meaning exists.
A secondary Sumerian name of Tashmetum, Ningutešasiga, first appears in bilingual texts from the Middle Babylonian period, where it corresponds to her Akkadian title *bēlet tešmê u salīme*, \"lady of listening and peace\". It might have originally developed as an ancient scholarly justification for folk etymologies of her name. In an inscription from Sippar she is referred to as Ninsiga (*^d^nin-sig-ga*), \"good lady\", though elsewhere this name belongs to a deity from the entourage of Ninisina instead. A further possible alternate name or title of Tashmetum, Emagar-qabûša, \"her speech showed favor\", appears in a *lipšur* litany, though it might alternatively be interpreted as an otherwise unattested attendant deity in her service.
## Character
Tashmetum\'s character is poorly known. A prayer from the reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I (tablet KAR 128) refers to her as the \"*lamassu* of the land\", in this context a designation of a minor protective deity. She is also attested in an intercessory role, though this was a standard function of all goddesses regarded as spouses of major gods in Mesopotamian religion.
Zachary Rubin proposes that Tashmetum originated as a deified ancestor, similarly to deities such as Yakrub-El, Itūr-Mēr or Ikšudum. He points out that *tàš-má-tum* and *tá-áš-má-tum*, which might be hypocoristic forms of common names combining the word *tašme* (in this context: \"listens to prayers\") and a theonym, already appear as ordinary personal names in sources from the Old Akkadian and Ur III periods, for example in texts from the temple of Sin in Tutub. However, he stresses that there is no evidence that Tashmetum and other similar deities were imagined as a deified human within their historical cults. He concludes that even if they originated as real or imagined ancestors, they were eventually re-imagined as fully divine.
The iconography of Tashmetum is unknown.
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# Tashmetum
## Associations with other deities {#associations_with_other_deities}
Tashmetum was regarded as the spouse of Nabu, as already attested in sources from the Old Babylonian period. Zachary Rubin argues they first came to be associated with each other in the eighteenth century BCE, possibly due to the respective meanings of their names, with Nabu\'s derived from *nabû*, \"to call\", and Tashmetum\'s from *šemû*, \"to hear\". The oldest source attesting they were associated with each other is a copy of the Weidner god list from Tell Taban dated to the late eighteenth century BCE.
As Nabu\'s wife, Tashmetum came to be referred to as the daughter-in-law of Marduk, once Nabu started to be viewed as Marduk\'s son. However, she was already associated with Marduk independently from Nabu, as evidenced for example by her incorporation into his circle in Old Babylonian Sippar. She might have been viewed either as his courtier or courtesan, prior to the development of her standard role as a spouse of Nabu. It is possible that she initially fulfilled a similar role in the court of Ashur or Ištar-Aššurītu in Assur.
No references to any deities as children of Tashmetum are known.
Urash, the tutelary god of Dilbat, could be regarded as the father of Tashmetum. Anne Löhnert argues that while the evidence is limited to sources from the first millennium BCE, they reflect an older tradition in which she was a member of the circle of this god. Zachary Rubin points out that Tashmetum does not appear in many theophoric names from Dilbat, and concludes that the connection between her and Urash might have only developed during the reign of Samsu-iluna (c. 1749--1712 BC) or later. He suggests that the association of Babylon\'s Urash gate with ceremonies focused on Nabu might indicate that it was perceived as Tashmetum\'s dowry. No sources directly refer to Urash as the father-in-law of Nabu, but this might be explained by Urash\'s minor position in the Mesopotamian pantheon.
By the end of the Kassite period, Tashmetum came to be associated with Nanaya through an extension of the connection between this goddess and Nabu. They appear as a triad in an inscription on a *kudurru* from the reign of Marduk-apla-iddina I (1171-1159 BCE), which refers to them as the \"lords of judgment and decision\" (EN.MEŠ *šip-ṭi u* EŠ.BAR). In Borsippa Tashmetum was regarded as Nabu's official spouse, while Nanaya was apparently his mistress. As a result of this connection, both of them could be referred to as the \"queen of Borsippa\". However, Paul-Alain Beaulieu concludes that while a degree of syncretism did occur between them, they were not fully conflated. Joan Goodnick Westenholz argued that sharing an epithet in this case might only reflect equal status in the pantheon, as opposed to syncretism.
A late syncretic hymn to Ishtar equates her with Tashmetum (as well as Zarpanit, Ereshkigal, Ninmah, Enlil and Ninlil). However, Alison Acker Grueske and Takayoshi M. Oshima stress that she cannot be considered an Ishtar-like figure overall.
In the Hittite text KUB 60.147 Tashmetum\'s name is used as a logogram to designate an unidentified deity worshiped in Ištaḫara, a northern province of the Hittite Empire located in the proximity of the plain of Merzifon.
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# Tashmetum
## Worship
According to Joan Goodnick Westenholz Tashmetum originated in Assyria in the Old Assyrian period. She was already worshiped in this area in the nineteenth century BCE, as evidenced by references to her enshrinement in the cellas of Ashur and Ištar-Aššurītu and to personal devotion to her among Assyrians. A letter found in Kanesh mentions a votive gift offered to her by the trader Pūšu-kēn, though there is no evidence she was his family\'s tutelary deity mentioned in other letters. In the same text corpus the theophoric names Ikun-pî-Tašmētim and Šāt-Tašmētim have been identified.
In the Old Babylonian period the worship of Tashmetum spread to the north of Babylonia, as evidenced by sources from Sippar, Borsippa and Dilbat. Zachary Rubin notes that her absence from the Old Babylonian Nippur god list might support the assumption she was still relatively poorly known in the south in this period.
Sources from the final years of the reign of Hammurabi indicate that at some point Tashmetum came to be enshrined in Babylon. In the forty first year of his reign, the king dedicated red gold and a precious stone to her, possibly in hopes of warding off potential infirmity caused by his advanced age. While no other royal inscriptions of the rulers from the First Dynasty of Babylon mention her, it is presumed she might have been enshrined in Marduk\'s temple Esagil in this period, and by its end she was worshiped in Sippar as a member of the circle of Marduk and Zarpanit. A letter found in this city sent by the Assyrian Tarīša to her relatives includes a blessing by Ishtar and Tashmetum, which might additionally indicate that by the Old Babylonian period she came to be seen as one of the tutelary deities of Assur.
Tashmetum came to be seen as the main goddess of Borsippa in the late second millennium BCE due to the exaltation of Nabu which occurred in the local pantheon. However, she was eventually overshadowed by Nanaya in this city.
In Assyria in the first millennium BCE Tashmetum was worshiped in Kalhu, where she was venerated in the local temple of Nabu, as well as in Nineveh and Assur. She appears in a *tākultu* ritual from the reign of Ashurbanipal. In other Neo-Assyrian sources, she is often grouped with Šērūa and the poorly known goddess Kippat-māti (\"circumference of the earth\"), presumably because all three of them were enshrined in the temple of Ashur in Assur.
### Uncertain or disproved attestations {#uncertain_or_disproved_attestations}
Anne Löhnert argues Tashmetum is attested for the first time in a text from the Ur III period, VAT 6563. However, the dating of this tablet, which is now lost, is uncertain, and it might be younger, specifically Old Babylonian.
Tešmit-māti, a deity attested in offering lists from the Sealand, is unlikely to be related to Tashmetum, and might be either the deified wife of the local king Gulkišar or a member of the circle of Shamash.
The theonym ^d^U*-te-eš-me-tu~4~* known from Nuzi is sometimes interpreted as a variant of Tashmetum\'s name. However, according to Zachary Rubin there is no evidence that this deity, who is only attested in the name of a gate of the town Zizza, is related to her, and it is possible her name should be translated as \"Ishtar (^d^U) is the one who hears\", which would instead indicate a connection with Ištar-tašmê, \"Ishtar of hearing\", worshiped in the north of Babylonia.
While Tashmetum is not attested in Neo-Babylonian sources from Uruk, Paul-Alain Beaulieu argues she might have been introduced to the local pantheon as the spouse of Nabu. In the past, attempts have been made to prove the theophoric name Ina-ṣilli-Uridimmu attested in a text from this site should be read as Ina-ṣilli-Tašmētum based on alternate sign values, but this proposal has been abandoned by the early 2000s, and it is now assumed it reflects the worship of deified Uridimmu, a mythical lion-like hybrid creature
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# Do Jasoos
**Do Jasoos** (`{{lit|Two detectives}}`{=mediawiki}) is a 1975 Hindi comedy drama film produced and directed by Naresh Kumar. Raj Kapoor, Rajendra Kumar started in the title roles, along with Prem Chopra, Sujit Kumar, Farida Jalal, Aruna Irani among others. The music is by Ravindra Jain.
## Plot
Dharamchand and Karamchand are two detectives who are sunk in debts due to lack of work. One day they get a call from a rich businessman, who hires them for finding his lost daughter, Hema. However, he breaks his glasses and provides them with the photograph of his daughter\'s friend, Pinky.
Pinky lives with her widowed mother and is in love with Ashok, the son of a journalist, who had been instrumental in the arrest of a smuggler, Prem Chopra. Prem\'s father had wronged Pinky\'s father in the past and in remorse, named Pinky his heir before his death. Prem comes out of jail and murders Ashok\'s father. Pinky becomes eye-witness to the murder and tries to flee from Prem, who on one hand wants to marry her for his father\'s property and on the other hand, wants to kill her. Dharamchand and Karamchand save Pinky a number of times, thinking her to be Hema. However, on learning the truth, they decide to protect Pinky from the clutches of Prem\'s gang. In the end, they are successful in busting the entire smuggling racket and also two other rackets of fake currency and prostitution.
## Cast
- Raj Kapoor as Dharamchand
- Rajendra Kumar as Karamchand
- Shailendra Singh as Ashok Sinha
- Bhavna Bhatt as Pinky Verma
- Prem Chopra as Prem Chopra
- Kamal Kapoor as Motilal Sippy
- Jagdish Raj as Police Inspector
- Farida Jalal as Hema
- Aruna Irani as Chhamia
- Manmohan Krishna as Journalist V.N. Sinha
- Sujit Kumar as G.L. Sippy
- Dulari as Sarita Devi Verma
- Asit Sen as Seth Nihalchand Khushalchand
- Rammohan Sharma as Ram Singh
- Randhir as John Uncle
- Gurcharan Pohli as Prem's associate
- Bachchan Singh as Prem's associate
- Raj Kishore as Prem\'s associate
- Appi Umrani as Moti\'s associate
- Ram Avtar as Johnson
- Sunder as Thomson
- Moolchand as dancer in the New Year party
## Music
Lyrics are written by Hasrat Jaipuri and Ravindra Jain
1. \"Dariya Cha Raaja Deva\" -- Lata Mangeshkar, Shailendra Singh part of this song is copied from Woyaya by Ghanaian Afro-pop band Osibisa released in 1971
2. \"Happy New Year To You\" -- Shailendra Singh
3. \"Main Bijli Hoon Titli Hoon\" -- Lata Mangeshkar, Shailendra Singh
4. \"Allaah Meri Tauba\" -- Asha Bhosle
5. \"Do Jasoos Kare\" -- Mohammed Rafi, Mukesh
6. \"Saal Mubaarak Saaheb Ji\" -- Mohammed Rafi, Mukesh
7
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# Flight 104
\"**Flight 104**\" is the 26th episode of *Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons*, a British Supermarionation television series created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and filmed by their production company Century 21 Productions. Written by Tony Barwick and directed by Robert Lynn, it was first broadcast on 1 March 1968 on ATV Midlands.
Set in 2068, the series depicts a \"war of nerves\" between Earth and the Mysterons: a race of Martians with the power to create functioning copies of destroyed people or objects and use them to carry out acts of aggression against humanity. Earth is defended by a military organisation called Spectrum, whose top agent, Captain Scarlet, was killed by the Mysterons and replaced by a reconstruction that subsequently broke free of their control. Scarlet\'s double has a self-healing power that enables him to recover from injuries that would be fatal to anyone else, making him Spectrum\'s best asset in its fight against the Mysterons.
In \"Flight 104\", the Mysterons take control of an airliner that is flying Scarlet, Captain Blue and an astrophysicist to a secret conference that has been called to discuss a proposed return mission to the Mysterons\' planet, Mars.
## Plot
A top-secret conference is to be held at Lake Toma, Switzerland to discuss a proposed return to the Mysterons\' planet, Mars. One of the conference delegates, astrophysicist Dr Conrad, will be flying to Geneva Airport accompanied by two bodyguards: Spectrum Captains Scarlet and Blue. The Mysterons have threatened to sabotage the conference.
During a pre-flight stay at the Adelphi Hotel, Scarlet and Blue encounter two journalists, Harry and Joe, whose editor is desperate for news stories. Recognising Conrad and sensing a scoop, Harry and Joe follow the Spectrum party to Novena Airport and try to book seats on Flight 104, which will be carrying Conrad, Scarlet and Blue to Geneva. Spectrum has anonymously booked all of the seats to ensure that the trio will be travelling alone. However, Scarlet and Blue ask the airport authorities to admit the journalists to prevent Conrad\'s movements from being published.
Shortly after Flight 104 takes off, its crew are found unconscious in a storage room. It is discovered that they were drugged by Captain Black and that the airliner is under Mysteron control. On Cloudbase, Colonel White orders the launch of the Angel squadron, who intercept Flight 104 over the Alps. Seeing the empty cockpit, the Angels emit warning smoke to alert Scarlet and Blue. After gaining entry to the cockpit by shooting out the door, the officers discover that Flight 104 is nosediving into the Alps. However, the electricity from a power station breaks the Mysterons\' hold on the airliner, and Scarlet and Blue are able to pull out of the dive before they crash into a mountain.
Flight 104 makes its final approach to Geneva, piloted by Scarlet and Blue. However, one of Blue\'s bullets has damaged the circuit that operates the landing gear, which fails to deploy. Ordering Blue and the others to the back of the plane, Scarlet makes a successful crash landing but is killed when the front of the plane collides with a bunker. Aware of Scarlet\'s retro-metabolic powers, Blue assures Harry and Joe that the officer is all right.
## Regular voice cast {#regular_voice_cast}
- Francis Matthews as Captain Scarlet
- Ed Bishop as Captain Blue
- Donald Gray as Colonel White and the Mysterons
- Cy Grant as Lieutenant Green
- Jeremy Wilkin as Captain Ochre
- Liz Morgan as Destiny Angel
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# Flight 104
## Production
The subplot of the planned return to Mars is continued in \"Noose of Ice\", in which a new Earth space fleet is under construction. Although \"Noose of Ice\" was originally broadcast after \"Flight 104\", distributor ITC Entertainment\'s official running order places it before this episode, disrupting the series continuity.
The episode\'s on-screen title, rendered in the series\' regular Microgramma font, reads \"Flight I04\" with a letter \"I\" substituting for the \"1\". This change was made as it was thought that Microgramma \"1\"s looked too similar to \"7\"s and that rendering \"104\" entirely in numerals would confuse viewers. The title of the earlier episode \"Crater 101\" also uses \"I\"s in place of \"1\"s.
The miniature model representing Geneva Airport first appeared as New York Central Airport in the *Thunderbirds* episode \"The Duchess Assignment\". The shot of the airport crash tenders moving into position is stock footage originally filmed for \"Trapped in the Sky\", the first episode of *Thunderbirds*. The incidental music that accompanies the scene of Flight 104\'s near miss with the mountain was originally composed for *Stingray*. The episode also recycles music from *Supercar* and *Thunderbirds*.
## Reception
Anthony Clark of *sci-fi-online.com* criticises the pace of the episode, describing \"Flight 104\" as \"torpid\".
According to writer Fred McNamara, the episode\'s \"subdued, almost casual tone\", which he regards as blending humour with spy themes, \"brings a warm, approachable atmosphere to its intimate, neatly unfolding story.\" He describes scenes in which Joe secretly photographs Scarlet, only for the captain to show up as a black silhouette on the developed image, as \"*The Man from U.N.C.L.E.*`{{nbhyph}}`{=mediawiki}esque\" in their absurdity. However, he also considers the episode\'s \"languid\" flavour to be a downside as well as a strength, arguing that the set-up \"really feels as though it should gain more focus\" and that most of the aerial tension lies in close-up shots of Scarlet and Blue\'s \"sweat-laden faces\". McNamara also expresses disappointment that the plot point of the secret conference is not developed in later episodes, though he notes that \"Noose of Ice\" may serve as an indirect continuation. He concludes that the episode \"doesn\'t rely on death-defying action to constitute effective viewing, but rather digs deeper for that ever-reliable tactic that *Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons* used so liberally -- gently crafting an uneasy atmosphere that builds on speculative horror
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# Vince Heflin
**Vince Heflin** (born July 7, 1959) is a former professional American football wide receiver. He played for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Miami Dolphins. Heflin attended Wayne High School in Huber Heights, Ohio and played college football at Central State University.
He is the brother of former NFL defensive back Victor Heflin
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# Strange Place for Snow
***Strange Place for Snow*** is a studio album by the Swedish group Esbjörn Svensson Trio released in 2002.
## Background
The album was recorded in December 2001 and released in Europe on March 1, 2002 by ACT Music. The international release was on June 4, 2002 by Sony BMG.
## Reception
The recording was awarded the annual prize of the German Record Critics 2002 and the German Jazz Award.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"The Message\" -- 5:16
2. \"Serenade For The Renegade\" -- 4:30
3. \"Strange Place For Snow\" -- 6:44
4. \"Behind The Yashmak\" -- 10:30
5. \"Bound For The Beauty Of The South\" -- 5:10
6. \"Years Of Yearning\" -- 5:44
7. \"When God Created The Coffeebreak\" -- 6:38
8. \"Spunky Sprawl\" -- 6:29
9. \"Carcrash\" -- 18:01
The last track of the CD release -- \"Carcrash\" -- contains a hidden track. The tracks itself ends at 05:05 and after about three minutes of silence the hidden track commences.
## Personnel
- Daniel Berglund -- Double Bass
- Magnus Öström -- Percussion, Drums
- Esbjörn Svensson -- Keyboards, Piano (Grand)
## Production
- E.S.T
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# Rokkō Station
is a railway station in Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, on the Hankyu Railway Kobe Line operated by Hankyu Railway.
## Overview
### Layout
Rokko Station is the only station operated by Hankyu Corporation having two side platforms serving a siding track each outside of the passing tracks. When the station was opened in 1920, it had two island platforms serving two tracks each on the ground. The island platforms were removed and the side ones were situated outside of the siding tracks by 1968 for the preparation of the through operation with the Sanyo Railway Main Line and the eight-car operation on the Kobe Line.
The through operation by Sanyo Railway was continued until February 1998 with starting and terminating this station and the trains returned at the siding track in the west of adjacent Mikage Station as deadhead trains.
### Surrounding area {#surrounding_area}
Rokko Station is located near Kobe University and Kobe Shoin University. The Hankyu Bus leaves from the station for Mount Rokkō, and city bus services connect with the Rokko Cable Line, Sannomiya and Rokkomichi stations on the JR Kobe Line and Mikage Station on the Hanshin Electric Railway Main Line.
Immediately south of the station is the Rokko Yahata Shrine, which has been in the area for the past century.
## History
Rokkō Station opened on 16 July 1920.
Through services from here onto the Sanyo Electric Railway Main Line started running in 1968 and operated until 1998 when these services were discontinued.
The station was damaged by the Great Hanshin earthquake in January 1995. Restoration work on the Kobe Line took 7 months to complete.
Station numbering was introduced on 21 December 2013, with Rokkō being designated as station number HK-13
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# WGNZ
**WGNZ** (1110 kHz \"Good News 1110\") is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Fairborn, Ohio, with radio studios in Dayton and its transmitter in Xenia (the original city of license). It airs a Christian talk and teaching radio format with Southern Gospel music. The owner is L & D Broadcasters, Inc.
By day, WGNZ transmits with 5,000 watts. Because 1110 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A WBT Charlotte and KFAB Omaha, WGNZ must reduce power to 1,700 watts during critical hours and to only 2 watts night. WGNZ is heard around the clock on FM translator W282CD on 104.3 MHz in Dayton.
## History
WGNZ was founded in 1968 as 250-watt daytimer using the call sign WELX. It was owned by West Central Ohio Broadcasters Inc., and it was the AM sister station of WHBM (now WZDA). The WELX call letters stood for: **E**rnie and **L**owell, along with the city of **X**enia. Ernie and Lowell were the sons of founders Harry and Ernestine Miller.
The station was sold in 1979 to L&D Broadcasters Inc. and returned to the air in 1980 airing Urban Gospel music in the morning and early evenings and Southern Gospel in the afternoons.
Rev. Norman Livingston of Dayton, a local independent church pastor who also promoted Southern Gospel Music concerts, began to work with WELX and became the afternoon co-host. He eventually moved into managing and promoting the station in 1981 when urban gospel music was dropped in favor of full-time southern gospel music. In 1984, the station switched the call sign from WELX to WMMX to stand for \"Message Music Radio\" or \"Gospel Music\'s Best MIX.\"
Eventually that call sign was replaced with WGNZ and its new slogan \"Good News 1110\". The released call sign \"WMMX\" was taken by 107.7 FM. As of November 1, 2008, the old tower site has been razed. In the Summer of 2008, WGNZ built a new state of the art transmitter and tower facility.
## Programming
WGNZ is one of the last locally owned commercial stations in the Dayton, Ohio market. The station features National and Local pastors providing Christian talk and teaching programs. It is also the only radio station in the Miami Valley that is primarily Southern Gospel, but also features Bluegrass and Local Artists. WGNZ has streamed its programming on the internet since July 9, 1996. WGNZ was at that time the second Christian radio station in Ohio to stream on the internet.
The WELX callsign is now used at an FM station in Isabella, Puerto Rico
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# Tilla (deity)
**Tilla** or **Tella** (*^d^til-la* or *^gud^ti-el-la*) was a Hurrian god assumed to have the form of a bull. He is best attested in texts from Nuzi, where he commonly appears in theophoric names. His main cult center was Ulamme.
## Name and character {#name_and_character}
It has been proposed that Tilla\'s name was derived from a Hurrian word for bull, though this proposal remains unproven. He is nonetheless often characterized in modern literature as a \"bull god\". The only source which explicitly describes him as having the form of a bull is the *Song of Ullikummi*. In this composition, which is considered to belong to the cycle of myths about Kumarbi, Tilla is one of the two bulls who pull Teshub\'s chariot, the other one being Šerišu. During preparations for battle with the eponymous being, the stone giant Ullikummi, Teshub says Tilla\'s tail needs to be covered with gold.
In other sources, such as offering lists, Šerišu is paired with Hurriš, not Tilla. Piotr Taracha considers the pair Tilla and Šerišu to belong to eastern Hurrian tradition, and Šerišu and Hurriš to western. However, Daniel Schwemer notes that in the eastern Hurrian text corpus from Nuzi both Tilla and Hurriš are attested, and concludes that the exact relation between these two gods is unknown and it only can be determined that most likely neither was an epithet of the other. He proposes treating both of them, as well as Šerišu and Šarruma, as members of a category of bull deities linked with Teshub. He notes that bull-like deities were linked to weather gods across the entire ancient Near East starting in the beginning of the second millennium BCE, but the roots of this phenomenon are uncertain. He also states Tilla might not have initially belonged to the circle of Teshub, as sources from Nuzi treat him as an independent deity rather than as a divine draft animal of the weather god. Volkert Haas suggested that in this area Tilla\'s character was comparable to that of Teshub based on the fact that in religious texts he could be listed alongside Ishtar (or Šauška) *bēlat dūri* (\"lady of the city wall\"), which according to him might parallel the weather god\'s relation to Šauška.
## Worship
Tilla was worshiped in the kingdom of Arrapha, which was located in northern Mesopotamia on the eastern border of the Mitanni Empire. His cult center was Ulamme. He was seemingly the head of the pantheon of this city. A temple dedicated to him was located in this area. He is best attested in documents from Nuzi, where he is the most common deity in Hurrian theophoric names next to Teshub. Examples include Irir(i)-Tilla (\"Tilla is the one who helps\"), Kirip-Tilla (\"Tilla frees\"), Pašši-Tilla (\"Tilla sent\"), Šarri-Tilla (\"Tilla is a divine king\") and Urḫi-Tilla (\"Tilla is reliable\"). It is possible that in some cases theophoric names in which a theonym is abbreviated as *Te*, *Tē*, *Teya* or *Tēya* also refer to Tilla, as opposed to Teshub or Tirwe. References to an *entu* priestess connected to his cult are also known. She resided in Kuruḫanni (modern Tell al-Fakhar).
In the corpus of texts from Kassite Nippur, which constitutes the main source of attestations of Hurrian personal names from Babylonia from this period, four examples invoking Tilla occur. However, theophoric name Ur-Tilla known from both this city and Puzrish-Dagan from the Ur III period refers to another deity, seemingly worshiped in Umma, whose name is derived from the Sumerian word *tillá* (written AN.AŠ.AN or AN.DIŠ.AN), \"street\".
## Uncertain attestations {#uncertain_attestations}
Volkert Haas proposed that the name of the Hurrian mountain Šenu-Tilla (or Šena-Tilla), which is mentioned in the texts pertaining to the *ḫišuwa* festival, references Tilla and can be translated as \"the two Tilla\". This possibility is also accepted by Daniel Schwemer, who notes that the mountain possibly named after Tilla is paired with another named Šēra, which he sees as a possible reflection of the pair Tilla and Šerišu attested in the *Song of Ullikummi*. However, he express doubts about Haas\' translation of the mountain\'s name, as there is no indication that Tilla was ever regarded as a dyad of deities. Gernot Wilhelm considers the connection between the names of the mountain and the god uncertain.
A deity named *^d^ti-la*, who according to Wilfred G. Lambert might correspond to Tilla, is attested in a Mesopotamian god list which equates him with a Mesopotamian deity whose name is not preserved, possibly Adad or Ea. This text is only known from a single damaged tablet, VAT 10608 (KAR 339a), which was found in Assur and presently belongs to the collection of the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin. It seemingly originated in the Middle Babylonian period. Multiple of the deities listed in it are obscure or foreign, with examples including the primordial figure Lugaldukuga, the Elamite god Simut or Ḫillibe, presumably related to the homophonous word for god in an unknown language attested in a lexical list
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# Valerio Bernabò
**Valerio Bernabò** (born 3 March 1984 in Rome) is a retired Italian rugby union player. He has also been selected for the Italian national team with 33 caps, making his debut in 2004 against the USA. He also captained the Italian under-21 team. His usual position was at lock.
He played for CA Brive in 2007/08
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# Tishpak
**Tishpak** (**Tišpak**) was a Mesopotamian god associated with the ancient city Eshnunna and its sphere of influence, located in the Diyala area of Iraq. He was primarily a war deity, but he was also associated with snakes, including the mythical mushussu and bashmu, and with kingship.
Tishpak was of neither Sumerian nor Akkadian origin and displaced Eshnunna\'s original tutelary god, Ninazu. Their iconography and character were similar, though they were not formally regarded as identical in most Mesopotamian sources.
## Origin
It is commonly assumed that initially the tutelary deity of Eshnunna was Ninazu, worshiped in the temple Esikil. From the Sargonic period onward, Tishpak competed with Ninazu in that location, and the latter finally ceased to be mentioned in documents from it after Hammurabi\'s conquest. While similar in character, Ninazu and Tishpak were not fully conflated, and unlike Inanna and Ishtar or Enki and Ea were kept apart in god lists.
It is generally agreed by scholars that Tishpak had neither Sumerian nor Akkadian origin. Fritz Hommel suggested in 1904 that he was analogous to the Hurrian weather god Teshub. This theory was also supported by Thorkild Jacobsen at first, though he later abandoned it and proposed that Tishpak\'s name had Akkadian origin, which is now regarded as implausible. Jacobsen's second theory relied on the assumption that Tishpak\'s name, which he argued meant \"downpour,\" would have similar meaning to an etymology he proposed for the name of Ninazu, \"The Water-Pouring Lord,\" according to him an indication he was the god of spring rains. However, it is now agreed that Ninazu\'s name means \"Lord Healer,\" and that he was considered a god of the underworld and vegetation and sometimes a divine warrior, not a weather deity. Elam has also been proposed as Tishpak\'s point of origin. Modern authors who support this view include Marten Stol, who considers it a possibility that Tishpak\'s name has Elamite origin, Manfred Krebernik, who also classifies the name of his son Nanshak as Elamite, and Irene Sibbing-Plantholt. In 1965 Dietz Otto Edzard combined both theories, arguing that Tishpak was an Elamite form of Teshub. Frans Wiggermann proposes that Tishpak was one of the deities he describes as \"transtigridian snake gods,\" a group which he assumes developed on the boundary between Sumero-Akkadian and Elamite culture to which he also assigns gods such as Ninazu, Ningishzida, Ishtaran (the tutelary god of Der) and the Elamite Inshushinak (the tutelary god of Susa). In the god list *An = Anum* all of them appear in sequence, following Ereshkigal, which according to Wiggermann indicates they were regarded as underworld deities.
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# Tishpak
## Character and iconography {#character_and_iconography}
An inscription of king Dadusha of Eshnunna indicates that Tishpak was regarded as one of the major gods in this city\'s sphere of influence, as he occurs right after Anu, Enlil, Sin and Shamash, and before Adad. His character was similar to Ninazu\'s. He was a war god, described as \"the warrior of the gods\" (*ursag ili*). The incantation series *Šurpu* highlights this feature, calling him \"lord of the troops\" and placing him in a sequence with Ningirsu and Zababa, who were both regarded as warlike deities. An Akkadian text from Eshnunna additionally characterizes him as \"steward of the sea\" (*abarak ti\'āmtim*) and \"fierce hero\" (*qurādum ezzum*).
Tishpak\'s attributes overlapped with these of Ninazu and included two maces and various snakes and serpentine monsters, especially the dragon mushussu. A year name from Eshnunna additionally indicates a bronze plough was one of the sacred objects held in his main temple. In the poorly preserved Labbu myth Tishpak\'s divine weapon is a seal, and he is described as capable of causing storms. It does not necessarily indicate he was a weather god, as Ninurta and Marduk, who had no such a role, also use atmospheric phenomena as weapons in myths. Such an interpretation was suggested in older studies, but is no longer accepted today.
Tishpak\'s name was represented logographically with the sign MUŠ, which could also designate other deities, for example Inshushinak.
On cylinder seals Tishpak could be depicted riding on a mushussu. References to visual representations of him \"treading on a dragon\" are also known from Mesopotamian texts. Additionally, while Mesopotamians generally imagined the gods as fully anthropomorphic, he was on occasion described as green in color, possibly indicating he was assumed to have snake-like skin. A scaled god occurs on seals from Eshnunna, but according to Frans Wiggermann he might be Ninazu rather than Tishpak. As noted by Theodore J. Lewis, art from Eshnunna, likely to depict Tishpak and monsters associated with him, is often incorrectly labeled as Canaanite even in professional publication, \"bypassing any reference to Tishpak.\"
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# Tishpak
## Associations with other deities {#associations_with_other_deities}
Tishpak\'s wife was the goddess Kulla, known as the \"Queen of Eshnunna.\" Much like in the case of her husband, the origin of her name is uncertain and a matter of scholarly debate. Their sons were Nanshak, Pappasanu and Me-SUḪUR (reading of the name uncertain). Marten Stol additionally assumes that Inshushinak and Ishtaran were regarded as sons of Tishpak by the compiler of the god list *An = Anum*. His sukkal was the serpentine creature bashmu. However, since on cylinder seals a god who might be Tishpak is accompanied by a fully anthropomorphic attendant deity, it is possible that Bashmu in this case was the name of an anthropomorphic minor god which was simply meant to highlight the association between his master and snakes. A further courtier of Tishpak was Abu, also known as Ipahum, \"viper.\"
On the seal of Shu-Iliya, a king of Eshnunna, Tishpak appears alongside the goddesses Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban. It is assumed that they had their origin north of Eshnunna, where the corresponding cities, Shuhnir and Terraban, were most likely located.
While Tishpak\'s epithet, \"steward of the sea,\" is generally regarded as a sign that he was viewed as the enemy of a marine monster as described in the Labbu myth, Wilfred G. Lambert proposes that it might instead be a rare occurrence of Tiamat outside the *Enuma Elish*, rather than a mention of ordinary non-personified sea.
A Neo-Babylonian god list identifies Tishpak with Marduk, referring to him as \"Marduk of the troops.\" Frans Wiggermann argues that the mushussu started to be associated with Marduk after Hammurabi\'s conquest of Eshnunna and suggests that it was a result of influence of the image of Tishpak on that of Marduk. Texts equating Tishpak with another god chiefly known from the official pantheon of Babylon, Nabu, are also known.
While most Mesopotamian sources do not treat Ninazu and Tishpak as equivalents, and they appear separately in the prologue of Laws of Hammurabi, a bilingual inscription from the reign of Shulgi of Ur lists Tishpak in the Akkadian version and Ninazu in Sumerian as the god worshiped in Esikil. Wilfred G. Lambert additionally proposed that Tishpak could be understood as a deity connected with Ninurta, based on his association with Ninazu, who shared many traits with the latter. Similarly, Andrew R. George argues that Tishpak\'s placement in the so-called *Canonical Temple List* might indicate he was one of the deities who could be syncretised with Ninurta, similar to Lugal-Marada, Zababa or Urash. According to Marten Stol, both classification of Tishpak as a Ninurta-like figure (\"Ninurta-Gestalt\") and direct equation between these two gods (Tishpak being described as *Ninurta ša ramkūti*) is attested in a single document each.
In an Ugaritic trilingual god list Tishpak is identified with Milkunni, a Hurro-Hittite god whose name was the combination of the Ugaritic divine name Milku with the Hurrian suffix -*nni*. The Ugaritic column of the same list (line 27) describes him as *ga-ša-ru* (Ugaritic: \"mighty\"; written as *gṯr* in the alphabetic script), an epithet treated as a divine name in this case which is applied within the same text to two more Mesopotamian deities whose names are not preserved. Aaron Tugendhaft, following earlier restoration proposals, concludes that they can be tentatively identified as Ningirsu (line 43) and Mesagunu (line 45), a minor warrior god from Uruk possibly associated with Nergal or Ninurta. The reading of his name continues to be disputed, and other proposals include Mes-sanga-unug, Messagunug, Pisangunuk and Pisansagunuga. Equating multiple Mesopotamian gods with the same Ugaritic and Hurrian ones in multilingual lists is well attested and is considered to be a result of scribes having to deal with the smaller number of deities present in these pantheons compared to these enumerated in Mesopotamian god lists. It has been suggested that in Ugarit *gašaru* might have referred to legendary ancestors of the royal family or to an underworld god. It is also attested as an epithet of the goddess Anat. The cognate Akkadian word, *gašru*, is attested in Emar as the name of a deity as well. In Mesopotamia, the god Gashru was usually associated with Lugalirra or Erra. Neo-Babylonian documents possibly originating in the Eanna archive from Uruk indicate he was worshiped under his own name in nearby Opis. The word *gašru* and its derivatives is also attested as the epithet or part of epithets of deities, for example Adad, Dumuzi, Ishtar and Ninurta (first attested during the reign of Tiglath-Pileser I).
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# Tishpak
## Worship
Tishpak was chiefly worshiped as the tutelary god of Eshnunna (Tell Asmar), first appearing there in the Sargonic period. His cult retained a degree of importance through most of the Old Babylonian period, much like his city. His main temple was the Esikil, \"pure house,\" originally the temple of Ninazu. Only one reference to a festival of Tishpak, *kinkum* (the twelfth month of the calendar used in Eshnunna) *isin Tishpak*, is known.
After Eshnunna gained independence after the fall of Third Dynasty of Ur, a royal ideology in which the king was a representative of Tishpak developed. The human ruler of the city was described as an *ensi*, and Tishpak as its *lugal*. The latter was also referred to with epithets which in earlier periods belonged to Akkadian royal titularies. Beate Pongratz-Leisten compares it to the position of the god Ashur in his city Assur. One of the kings of Eshnunna was named Iquish-Tishpak. Bilalama and Dadusha called themselves \"beloved of Tishpak\" and most likely placed two statues of himself in his temple. Multiple year names of various rulers of the city mention Tishpak too.
According to Marten Stol, Tishpak was generally not worshiped outside the kingdom of Eshnunna. No references to active worship of him are known southern Mesopotamian cities.
Personal names with Tishpak as a theophoric names are known from Shaduppum (Tell Harmal), a city which was located within the borders of the kingdom of Eshnunna. Another site other than Eshnunna itself, though most likely affiliated with it, from which personal names with Tishpak as a theophoric element are known from is the Chogha Gavaneh site in western Iran, which in the early second millennium BCE was a predominantly Akkadian settlement. Kamyar Abdi and Gary Beckman note that the locally used calendar shows affinity with that known from sites in the Diyala area, and on this basis link it with Eshnunna. While the number of personal names invoking gods from the Diyala area, especially Tishpak (Ibni-Tishpak, Lipit-Tishpak, Tishpak-Gamil, Tishpak-nasi, Tishpak-iddinam, Warad-Tishpak), is higher in documents from Sippar than from any other place in Babylonia proper, the people bearing them were likely not native inhabitants of the city, but rather individuals who arrived from the kingdom of Eshnunna. There is evidence that Sippar was closely linked to Eshnunna, including economic texts, letters and the existence of greeting formulas invoking Shamash alongside Tishpak, rather than the tutelary god of nearby Babylon, Marduk.
Tishpak is also mentioned in a letter addressed by the official Shamash-nasir to the king Zimri-Lim of Mari, relaying an oracle of Terqa\'s tutelary god Dagan to him. The text was most likely an allegorical representation of Eshnunna's encroachment of territory within the sphere of influence of Mari, with the mentioned gods - Dagan, Tishpak and the western goddess Ḫanat (whose words were relayed by the god Yakrub-El) - representing respectively Mari, Eshnunna and the Suhum area, which was under the control of Mari, but presumably endangered by the eastern kingdom\'s forces. While the text recognizes Tishpak as a high ranking god, it ultimately considers Dagan a higher authority.
In the prologue of Laws of Hammurabi, the eponymous king is addressed as \"the one who brightens Tishpak\'s face.\" This section additionally mentions Ninazu, indicating it refers to Eshnunna, most likely showing that Hammurabi after his conquest of said city presented himself as fulfilling obligations associated with local gods to legitimize his rule.
A reference to Esikil occurs on a boundary stone (kudurru) of Nazi-Maruttash. Another Kassite period reference to Tishpak can be found in a curse formula from an inscription of either Kurigalzu I or Kurigalzu II from Der.
Tishpak appears in a ritual from the *Utukku Lemnutu* incantation series as one of the deities meant to protect a doorway, alongside the Sebitti, Lulal, Latarak, Mashtabba and Ishtar.
Two Neo-Assyrian ritual texts mention Tishpak: a *tākultu* from the reign of Ashurbanipal (alongside Ashur and Shakkan) and a list of deities worshiped in Assur (alongside Kittum).
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# Tishpak
## Mythology
One of the tablets from the library of Ashurbanipal narrates Tishpak\'s triumph over the monster Labbu, described as created by the sea, but designed by Enlil, seemingly to serve as punishment similar to the flood in the Atrahasis myth. Frans Wiggermann argues that the narrative shows a number of similarities to the myth of Anzu and to Enuma Elish. As pointed out by Wilfred G. Lambert, the most similar composition is however a fragmentary myth which seemingly casts Nergal as the hero, in which he confronts a sea monster on the behalf of Enlil. Frans Wiggermann proposes that the Labbu myth served as an explanation for Tishpak\'s associations with serpentine creatures such as mushussu, and as a justification for his installation as the tutelary god of Eshnunna. Lambert regards Wiggermann\'s theories about the myth as speculations due to the poor state of preservation of its only source making it impossible to interpret fully
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# Ongka's Big Moka
***Ongka\'s Big Moka: The Kawelka of Papua New Guinea*** is a 1970s documentary film, part of Granada Television\'s *Disappearing World* Series which ran from 1969--1993. It was first aired in the UK on 11 December 1974, and was subsequently aired in the US in 1976. Andrew Strathern served as consulting anthropologist for the film.
## Overview
In *Ongka\'s Big Moka* Ongka, a New Guinea Big man, is seen preparing a Moka exchange. The film follows Ongka\'s struggles to accumulate huge numbers of pigs and other items of value to present at a Moka ceremony to another tribe. The objective of Ongka\'s Moka is to build status, prestige and fame for his tribe and for himself. Ongka uses Moka to elevate his status as the \"Big Man\" of his tribe. The film shows clearly that there are strong elements of competition and one-upmanship in giving Moka, setting the ceremony\'s date, and also --- despite the fact it was not filmed --- in the actual Moka ceremony itself in which the participants wear traditional and magnificent Highland \"decoration\". Giving Moka can bring the giver close to ruin but the political and social gains from increased prestige can outweigh this.
Traditionally, Moka was an exchange of pigs. The \"Big Man\" hires a speaker to go down the line of pigs, stopping before each one to sing its praises and describe its lineage. This scene is one of the highlights of the film along with extraordinary footage of a neighboring \"Big Man\'s\" funeral and his tribe\'s reaction to his death and its probable causes. The film also shows that expensive modern consumer items have also become part of the Moka exchange.
This film has become a staple in college anthropology programs, in part because of its study of Ongka himself, but also due to its excellent illustration of gift-based economies as well as an example of the role of Big Men.
The Moka was delayed, and the filmmakers left before it occurred. When the Moka finally did occur, it comprised a huge gift of 600 pigs, \$10,000 Australian dollars, 12 cassowaries, eight cows, a motorbike and a pick-up truck. In his speech at the Moka, Ongka says, \"Now that I have given you these things, I have won. I have knocked you down by giving so much
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# Tutu (Mesopotamian god)
**Tutu** was a minor Mesopotamian god. The meaning and origin of his name are uncertain.
He was originally the tutelary god of Borsippa, near Babylon, and appears in the name of an *ensi* (governor) of the area from the Ur III period, Puzur-Tutu. References to worship him are also known from Kish and Sippar, and he seemingly appears in theophoric names from Larsa, Babylon and Dilbat, though it is uncertain if every instance of a divine name written as DU-DU or tu-tu in personal names refers to the same deity. Tutu is still attested as a distinct deity in the role of the tutelary god of Borsippa during the reign of Hammurabi.
As evidenced by god lists, he was syncretised with Marduk in later periods, similar to Asalluhi, a god of exorcisms and son of Enki, the agricultural god Enbilulu, as well as an otherwise unknown deity named Šazu. In Enuma Elish, Tutu is one of the names bestowed upon Marduk, seemingly one connected with Babylon\'s role as a center of refurbishing and ritually reviving damaged divine statues. Tutu is also explained as a name of Marduk in an incantation from the *Muššu\'u* series. A reference to Tutu, treated as a name of Marduk, can also be found in the so-called *Bird Call Text*:
According to Wilfred G. Lambert, the use of Tutu as a name of Marduk ceased in the first millennium BCE, when it started to be used to refer to Nabu instead. However, according to Francesco Pomponio, only a single neo-Assyrian text identifies Tutu as Nabu. Nabu nonetheless started to be regarded as the tutelary god of Borsippa in the first millennium BCE
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# Salvatore Perugini
**Salvatore Perugini** (born 6 March 1978 in Benevento) is a former Italian rugby union player. He made his debut for the Italian national team in 2000 against Ireland. Perugini usually played at prop. He previously played for Italian club Calvisano and French side Stade Toulouse. In April 2010 it was announced he would move to the newly formed Aironi for the 2010/2011 season. Perugini was selected to play for the Barbarians when they beat New Zealand in 2009
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# All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan
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| 29 |
All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan
| 0 |
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# United Nations Security Council Resolution 64
**United Nations Security Council Resolution 64**, adopted on December 28, 1948, noted that the Netherlands had not complied with the demands to release the President of the Republic of Indonesia and other political prisoners as issued in United Nations Security Council Resolution 63. The Resolution demanded that the Netherlands set free these prisoners forthwith and report to the Council within 24 hours.
The resolution passed with eight votes in favour. Belgium, France and the United Kingdom abstained
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# Kaine Robertson
**Paul Kaine Robertson** (born 29 October 1980 in Auckland) is a rugby union player from New Zealand who plays rugby union for Viadana, and international rugby for Italy.
Auckland born Kaine Robertson moved to Italy in 1998, previously he played in the same Auckland Grammar school team as the All Blacks leading try scorer Doug Howlett.
## Club
Robertson joined the Viadana and first played for their junior squad; he made his debut for the senior squad on 22 September 2001 at Padua against Petrarca.
Robertson contributed to Viadana\'s victory in the 2001--02 Italian Championship with 12 tries that made him the Italian seasonal top try scorer; he went on winning two Italian Cups (in 2003 and 2007), and was part of the side that got to the Championship\'s final in 2008--09, who eventually lost to Benetton Treviso. He was also top try scorer in 2006--07 (9 tries) and 2008--09 (11 tries).
His pace and power made him an immediate hit with his club side Viadana, he contributed to Viadana\'s victory in the 2001--02 Italian Championship with 12 tries that made him the Italian seasonal top try scorer; and was part of the Viadana side that won two Italian Cups (in 2003 and 2007). He was also top try scorer in the Italian league in 2006--07 (9 tries) and 2008--09 (11 tries).
He joined the inaugural Aironi side for the 2010/11 season, but didn\'t play until January after suffering a shoulder injury in pre season, once back from injury he regained his position as starting winger, starting in all games for the rest of the season.
The season of 2011/2012 was again hindered by injury and he missed the entire season due to his 3rd knee reconstruction.
After Aironi was disbanded in the summer of 2012 Kaine chose to re-join Viadana. Many of his former Aironi teammates joined the new team Zebre.
## International
Robertson made his Italy debut against Romania in 2004, after becoming eligible through residency. He scored on his debut.
He made his Six Nations debut as a replacement against Ireland in 2005, but it was in 2007 that he had his finest moment in an Italy shirt. Robertson scored one of Italy\'s four tries against Scotland at Murrayfield to secure Italy\'s first ever away Six Nations win he backed this up with an incredible solo try against the Welsh team the following week in Rome with the Azzurri also winning this game.
He was selected by then Italy boss Pierre Berbizier for Italy\'s 2007 World Cup squad, playing in three matches as the Azzurri were knocked out at the group stages.
Robertson was back in action for the 2008 Six Nations, playing in four of five Tests before touring Argentina and South Africa in the summer. He then featured in all three of Italy\'s autumn internationals as they went down to Australia, Argentina and the Pacific Islanders.
He continued to be a constant member of the Italy side up until 2010 when a number of injuries halted his 15\'s international career.
He then continued his international career on the 7s series playing an integral part in the Azzurri making the final at Hong Kong 7s Qualifying tournament in 2014 losing that final to Japan
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# John FitzPatrick, 1st Baron Castletown
**John Wilson FitzPatrick, 1st Baron Castletown** PC (born **John Wilson**; 24 September 1809 -- 22 January 1883) was an Anglo-Irish Liberal politician.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Castletown, baptised John Wilson, was born in London, the illegitimate son of John FitzPatrick, 2nd Earl of Upper Ossory and Elizabeth Wilson. He had a brother, Richard, who died young, and an elder sister, Emma Mary (died 25 September 1882), who married Robert Vernon Smith (later Lord Lyveden). After their father\'s death in 1818, they were raised at Ampthill Park under the guardianship of their cousin Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland (1773--1840), who inherited Ampthill from the earl. They were also under the guardianship of their half-sisters, Lady Anne and Lady Gertrude Fitzpatrick.
He was educated at Eton.
He inherited parts of his father\'s estates in Ireland in 1823, when he reached the age of majority.
## Career
Wilson, who in 1842 assumed the surname of FitzPatrick by Royal Licence, was appointed High Sheriff of Queen\'s County in 1836. He was then elected to the House of Commons for Queen\'s County in 1837, a seat he represented until 1841, and again from 1847 to 1852 and from 1865 to 1869. He was admitted to the Irish Privy Council in 1848.
In 1869, he was raised to the peerage as **Baron Castletown**, of Upper Ossory, reviving an ancient title that had belonged to the FitzPatricks around 1500. Apart from his parliamentary career he was also Lord Lieutenant of Queen\'s County from 1855 to 1883.
## Family
Lord Castletown married Augusta Mary Douglas, daughter of Reverend Archibald Douglas, in 1830. They had one son and six daughters.
- Hon. Bernard (1848--1937), succeeded as second baron
- Hon. Gertrude (died 26 January 1912), married in 1862 Edward Randal Skeffington-Smyth
- Hon. Augusta Frederica Anne (died 24 February 1903), married in 1861, Lt.-Col. Hon. Thomas Vesey Dawson, son of Lord Cremorne, killed in action at the Battle of Inkerman. She married secondly in 1856 Charles Magniac.
- Hon. Florence Virginia Fox (died 5 March 1912), married in 1838 Gen. Sir George Higginson
- Hon. Cecilia Emily Emma (died Oct/Nov 1918, buried Nov 8th 1918 at St.John\'s, Hove.), married in 1868 Hon. Lewis Strange Wingfield
- Hon. Edith Susan Esther (died 1 December 1906), married in 1862, as his second wife, Sir Charles Murray
- Hon. Olivia Douglas Amy (died 22 May 1893), married in 1869 Sir John Sebright, 9th Baronet
He died in 1883, aged 71, just four months after the death of his only sister, Lady Lyvedon. Lady Castletown died in 1899.
Lord Castletown was succeeded in the barony by his only son, Bernard, who died without heirs in 1937, at which time the barony became extinct
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# George Reilly
**George Reilly** (born 14 September 1957) is a Scottish former footballer. He played for Corby Town, Northampton Town, Cambridge United, Watford, Newcastle United and West Bromwich Albion. Reilly scored the winning goal for Watford against Plymouth Argyle in the 1984 FA Cup semi-final at Villa Park and played in the 1984 FA Cup Final itself. In 2003, nearly 20 years later, Reilly was working as a bricklayer on a building site in Corby when he was attacked by another worker who bit part of his right ear off, before whispering \"Plymouth\" in his other ear by way of explanation
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# Creutz–Taube complex
The **Creutz--Taube ion** is the metal complex with the formula {\[Ru(NH~3~)~5~\]~2~(C~4~H~4~N~2~)}^5+^. This cationic species has been heavily studied in an effort to understand the intimate details of inner sphere electron transfer, that is, how electrons move from one metal complex to another. The ion is named after Carol Creutz, who first prepared the complex, and her thesis advisor Henry Taube, who received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this and related discoveries on electron transfer.
## Properties
The complex consists of two pentammineruthenium units linked to the nitrogen atoms in a bridging pyrazine ligand, which completes the octahedral coordination sphere of each metal. The important feature of the compound is that the two metals have apparent fractional oxidation states of +2.5. Normally metal ions, like most ions, have integer oxidation states. For example, ruthenium ammine complexes are typically +2 or +3. The fact that the oxidation states are half-integer indicates that the two Ru(NH~3~)~5~ centers are equivalent in terms of their number of electrons. Crystallographic and theoretical studies are consistent with this description, that is, the two metal centers are equivalent. Characteristic of a mixed-valence complex, this ion strongly absorbs light in the near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the case of the Creutz--Taube ion, the absorption maximum occurs at 1570 nm. This absorption is described as an intervalence charge-transfer band.
## Synthesis
The ion was originally isolated as the hydrated tosylate salt \[Ru(NH~3~)~5~\]~2~(C~4~H~4~N~2~)(O~3~SC~6~H~4~CH~3~)~5~·3H~2~O. It is prepared in two steps via the Ru(III)-Ru(III) pyrazine complex:.
: 2 \[Ru(NH~3~)~5~Cl\]^2+^ + C~4~H~4~N~2~ → {\[Ru(NH~3~)~5~\]~2~(C~4~H~4~N~2~)}^6+^ + 2 Cl^−^
```{=html}
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```
: 2 {\[Ru(NH~3~)~5~\]~2~(C~4~H~4~N~2~)}^6+^ + Zn → 2 {Ru(NH~3~)~5~\]~2~(C~4~H~4~N~2~)}^5+^ + Zn^2+^
The Creutz--Taube ion illustrates the advantages of ruthenium complexes for examining redox reactions. Ru(II) and Ru(III) ions can be interconverted at mild redox potentials. Both of these oxidation states are kinetically inert. Many analogues of this ion have been prepared using different bridging ligands
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# Josh Sole
**Josh Sole** (born 15 February 1980) is a retired New Zealand born rugby union player, currently playing for Heartbeat Tigers Rugby Union in Dubai. He played internationally for the Italian national team, making his debut in 2005 against Argentina. Sole played two games at the 2007 Rugby World Cup. His usual position was number 8
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# Pierre Raschi
**Pierre Raschi** (born 21 February 1971) is a former French rugby union player who spent his whole professional career in Bourgoin, and is currently playing for Fédérale 2 club SO Voiron. He won the European Challenge Cup in 1997 and, the same year, he lost the final of the French championship against Toulouse.
After retiring as a player, he became sport director and then coach of CS Bourgoin-Jallieu until he was fired on April 15, 2008, after a series of bad results.
He joined the amateur club of SO Voiron for the 2005--06 season but played only a few games. He returned for the 2008--09 season and has become a regular in the team
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# Diagonale
The **Diagonale** (Festival of Austrian Film) is a film festival that takes place every March in Graz, Austria.
The festival was initially held under the auspices of the Austrian Film Commission in Salzburg from 1993 to 1995 but moved to Graz in 1998. Traditional cinema venues are *Annenhof Kino*, *Schubertkino*, *KIZ RoyalKino*, and the *Filmzentrum im Rechbauerkino*. At the end of the festival, expert juries award Austria\'s most highly endowed film prizes.
The Festival of Austrian Film has consolidated its position as a regionally based festival for film buffs that brings the industry and audience together, strengthens Austrian film, and attracts international attention.
## History
### First Years {#first_years}
The first three Diagonale festivals were organized by the Austrian Film Commission in early December each year in cooperation with the Salzburg Festival in Salzburg. The festival was directed by filmmaker Peter Tscherkassky in 1993 and 1994, and Heinrich Mis (then director of the ORF program Kunst-Stücke) in 1995.
After a break, the festival moved to Graz. Its own supporting association \"Forum österreichischer Film\" was founded in 1998 under the leadership of Christine Dollhofer and Constantin Wulff, who presided over the association until 2003. In addition to film screenings, the program also includes discussions, audience talks, and exhibitions. In the first year in Graz, one hundred films were screened and prizes were awarded in three categories: a main prize, a prize for innovative cinema and a prize for newcomers. Later, a number of other prizes were added. In 1999, a prize for the best actor and actress was also awarded for the first time, although this was not the case again until 2008.
### Since 2000 {#since_2000}
The planning for the Diagonale 2004 initially began with a scandal, as Franz Morak, the State Secretary for the Arts responsible for the event, dismissed the previous program directors without explanation, despite their excellent performance, and replaced them with a new team without seeking consensus with the filmmakers concerned. Since this personnel selection met with opposition from nearly all filmmakers, it initially looked as if there might be two events with the same name: Morak\'s \"official\" Diagonale and an \"unofficial\" event set up by the media professionals themselves. Eventually, however, Morak relented and abandoned his event. After a restructuring of the sponsoring association and the willingness of numerous participants to volunteer, the Diagonale 2004 was able to take place in its usual form despite time pressure.
The background to Morak\'s intervention in the directorship is thought to be an attempt to make a more commercially oriented readjustment of the festival as well as a politically motivated \"act of retaliation\" against the film scene and the festival management, because the Diagonale positioned itself as a forum for anti-government protests and video works a few weeks after the controversial formation of the coalition between FPÖ and ÖVP in 2000. In the course of the controversy at the time over a petition printed in the festival catalog by numerous well-known filmmakers demanding the resignation of the government, the then Styrian regional councilor Hirschmann (ÖVP) even temporarily withheld the promised prize money from the state of Styria.
In the course of a restructuring by the supporting association \"Forum österreichischer Film\", the general assembly of the Diagonale appointed the three-person team Birgit Flos (artistic director), Robert Buchschwenter (production manager) and Georg Tillner (finance manager) as the new Diagonale management at the end of April 2004 on the suggestion of the Diagonale advisory board. After Buchschwenter and Tillner left, Oliver Testor took over the management of the festival in May 2005 until 2009.
The Diagonale 2006 took place from March 21 to 26 in Graz under the directorship of Birgit Flos. The festival center was set up in the Kunsthaus Graz for the first time in 2006. The UCI Annenhofkino, Schubertkino, KIZ RoyalKino*,* and the Filmzentrum im Rechbauerkino were the festival cinemas. In cooperation with the Kunsthaus Graz, the Diagonale also organized a highlight of the festival: In a tribute to the artist Maria Lassnig, her complete cinematic oeuvre was shown in newly restored copies.
In December 2006, Birgit Flos\' contract was extended until the Diagonale 2008.
Also since 2006, there have been two equally endowed Grand Diagonale Prizes, for the best feature film and for the best documentary film.
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# Diagonale
## History
### Since 2000 {#since_2000}
#### Director Barbara Pichler (2009 to 2015) {#director_barbara_pichler_2009_to_2015}
From 2009 to 2015, the festival was directed by curator, publicist, and film mediator Barbara Pichler, who established the festival as a mediation and discussion platform for Austrian cinema with a more streamlined programming and increased focus on international industry networking. Her original three-year contract was initially extended by the Diagonale\'s sponsoring association until 2014 and later, at Pichler\'s own request, for only one more year until 2015. The directorship of the Diagonale from the 2016 festival onwards was put out to tender again at the beginning of April 2014. In November 2014, it was announced that the festival would be directed by the two Upper Austrians Sebastian Höglinger and Peter Schernhuber from 2016 onwards. Starting in 2009, the two had already co-directed the [YOUKI International Youth Media Festival](http://www.youki.at/de/).
The Diagonale 2009 took place from March 17 to 22 and attracted 23,876 visitors. A \"Personale\" was dedicated to filmmaker Mara Mattuschka, while the international Tribute brought German filmmaker Stefan Krohmer to Graz. The special historical programs were devoted to the history of Austrian animated film, film restoration or focused on the almost forgotten work of the Viennese screenwriter Anna Gmeyner, who was driven into exile. In 2009, acting prizes were awarded for the third time since 1999. One was the Grand Diagonale Acting Prize to Josef Hader for his achievements in Austrian film, and the other was the Diagonale Special Jury Prize for the remarkable performance by an Austrian actress/actor in a 2008 Diagonale film to Birgit Minichmayr, who stars alongside Hader in *Der Knochenmann*.
With around 24,800 visitors, the Diagonale 2010 (March 16 to 21) was able to draw a positive conclusion after six festival days and 147 films and videos shown. One of the highlights of the festival was the internationally acclaimed Peter Schreiner \"Personale\", which presented and honored the documentary work of the Austrian filmmaker in a concentrated form. In addition, Romuald Karmakar, one of the most important voices of German cinema at the time, was a guest in Graz with his films. Special historical programs focused on the almost forgotten work of auteur filmmaker Mansur Madavi and on that of cinematographer Günther Krampf, who was forced into exile. The industry meeting was dedicated to the funding model \"Film Location Austria\". Two exhibitions also took place as part of the Diagonale 2010 program: \"SILENT ALIEN GHOST MACHINE MUSEUM\" by Norbert Pfaffenbichler at Kunstverein Medienturm and \"brRRMMMWHee -- extended version\" by Billy Roisz at Kunsthaus Graz.
In 2011, the Diagonale took place from March 22 to 27 and was opened by Nikolaus Geyrhalter\'s documentary essay film *Abendland*. The \"Personale\" was dedicated to the renowned avant-garde filmmaker Peter Tscherkassky. Director and cinematographer Elfi Mikesch, a representative of European auteur cinema with Austrian roots, presented her two most recent works at the festival. The special historical program \"Shooting Women. Female Pioneers of Austrian Film\" with films by Valie Export, Margareta Heinrich, and others. Other specials were devoted to the Viennese animation film festival \"Tricky Women\" and filmmaker Linda Christanell. A wide-ranging discussion of female filmmaking took place at the Diagonale 2011 not only in the film and supporting program, but also at the level of film policy. Representatives of the film industry demanded more visibility for women in the film business as well as a quota for women in film committees and in the university sector. At the Kunstverein Medienturm, Nadim Vardag showed his exhibition \"∆\" at the end of the \"Concept Film\" series, while Sabine Marte, creator of the 2011 festival trailer, exhibited together with Clemens Hollerer under the title \"Do we need to have an accident?\" at Kunsthaus Graz. The trilateral industry meeting focused on the \"Digital Revolution\" in sales and marketing. Finally, 2011 saw the launch of \"Diagonale GOES GREEN,\" a long-term strategy of social responsibility for the environment and sustainability.
The 15th Diagonale in Graz took place from March 20 to 25, 2012. Despite a slightly lower number of screenings and events compared to 2011, the occupancy rate rose to almost 74 percent. The Diagonale 2012 program reflected the high quality of current Austrian filmmaking in a focused selection. As always, the festival functioned as a place of encounter and exchange between the film industry and the public. In addition to many established names, numerous young filmmakers also presented their works. The Diagonale 2012 opened with a feature film debut: *Spain* by Anja Salomonowitz. As part of the opening, Johannes Silberschneider received the Grand Diagonale Acting Prize for his services to Austrian film culture. The highlights of the festival also included a \"Personale\" dedicated to the legendary avant-garde filmmaker Ferry Radax, which made his groundbreaking work accessible to a wider audience once again with a concentrated selection of films. The Israeli documentary filmmaker Avi Mograbi, was represented not only by a comprehensive film retrospective but also by the video installation \"Details\". The special program Carl Mayer Screenwriting Prize 2017 \"Shooting Women II\" on female forms of documentary, the historical special on US actor and cinematographer Charles Korvin in the series \"FilmExil\" as well as the eagerly awaited revival of Michael Synek\'s *Die toten Fische* from 1989 were also well received by the audience. The discussion track focused in several program points on the status quo of film criticism and different positions of film discourse. At the Kunsthaus Graz, Sofie Thorsen showed the exhibition \"Schnitt A-A\". As part of the industry meeting \"Discussing Diversity in Independent Cinema,\" numerous internationally staffed panels and case studies discussed different perspectives and strategies of film promotion and exploitation against the backdrop of practical experience and initiated further activities in Austria.
In 2013, the 16th edition of the festival took place from March 12 to 17 and was opened by Ulrich Seidl\'s *Paradies: Hoffnung*. A total of 156 films were shown in 136 screenings, 98 of which were in competition. Compared to the previous year, the Diagonale had 25,051 visitors (about 18,900 cinema admissions and about 6,000 people at the supporting programs), an increase of 1,300 visitors, while the occupancy rate dropped from 74 to 72 percent. The prizes awarded were worth about 155,000 euros. After a cinematic year marked by major international successes for Austrian film, attention at the 2013 Diagonale focused on the numerous promising productions by young filmmakers, whose individual approaches provided a breath of fresh air. Highlights also included the presentation of Ulrich Seidl\'s *Paradise Trilogy* as a complete work and two \"Personale\" dedicated to Josef Dabernig and Michaela Grill. With Dominik Graf there was an exceptional figure of the German-language production landscape in Graz. The continuation of the \"FilmExil\" series focused on the film work of Viennese director, screenwriter, and producer Paul Czinner. The special program \"Austrian Pulp\" presented subversive Austrian underground cinema between genres. The industry meeting was devoted to \"Models of Substance and Project Development\" with the participation of numerous international experts.
The 17th edition of the Diagonale opened in Graz with the Austrian premiere of Johannes Holzhausen\'s documentary *Das große Museum*. While in 2013 the focus was on numerous feature film premieres, this time, in line with the trend of the production year, the documentary film moved into the spotlight with 23 productions in competition. In total, the festival screened 192 films from March 18 to 23, 2014, 106 of which were in competition. Despite bright spring weather, a slight increase in audience attendance could again be reported after six days with around 25,500 visitors. The value of the film prizes awarded amounted to around 165,000 euros. The \"Personale\" was dedicated to the film artist Manfred Neuwirth. The renowned French cinematographer Agnès Godard was honored with a retrospective. The special programs on James Benning, Peter Lorre, the continuation of \"Austrian Pulp\" and the show \"Another Country\" on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Austrian Film Museum were well received by the public. The motto of the industry gathering was \"Digital Revolution Meets Reality.\" As always, the festival positioned itself as an indispensable place of encounter and exchange between the film industry and the public. Ten years after the \"resistance\" Diagonale, protest was once again stirring. In a petition addressed to the governing parties and the management of the ORF, numerous representatives of the film industry warned of the immediate effects of impending funding cuts.
The Diagonale 2015 took place from March 17 to 22. The festival was held for the last time under the direction of Barbara Pichler, who retired from this position after seven years. Around 27,000 visitors were registered and 50 world premieres and 25 Austrian premieres were shown. In the competition 97 films were screened, a total of 157 films were shown. The festival was opened by Karl Markovics\' feature film *Superwelt*. A highlight was the \"Personale\" dedicated to documentary filmmaker Nikolaus Geyrhalter. The international tribute guest was French director and author Mia Hansen-Løve. The special film history programs were devoted to the expelled avant-garde, the work of Alfred Kaiser and the tense relationship between film and history. Other specials were devoted to the rediscovered TV series *Draußen in der Stadt*, written by Günter Brödl, and to the two filmmakers Florian Flicker and Michael Glawogger, who had died the year before. The industry meeting addressed issues of film financing and film funding.
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# Diagonale
## History
### Since 2000 {#since_2000}
#### Directors Sebastian Höglinger and Peter Schernhuber (since 2016) {#directors_sebastian_höglinger_and_peter_schernhuber_since_2016}
The Diagonale 2016 took place from March 8 to 13 and was directed for the first time by Sebastian Höglinger and Peter Schernhuber. The two relied on a balance between continuity and new impulses and set a new record with 30,200 visitors. Two new program tracks, a new image, increased cooperation with local initiatives and institutions, and a newly established festival district contributed to the renewal. A total of 158 films were screened, 107 of them in competition. The festival opened with the world premiere of Mirjam Unger\'s *Maikäfer flieg*, based on the novel by Christine Nöstlinger. The new series \"Spotlight on\" focused on producer Gabriele Kranzelbinder. The provocatively titled historical special program \"Austria: Forget it\" was dedicated to a central phase of Austrian film and contemporary history: the Waldheim years. The new festival program \"In Reference\", in which U.S. indie director Matt Porterfield was a guest, opened up a wide range of references within the program. The Diagonale Film Meeting developed strategies for more equality and social diversity in film and television.
In 2017, the Diagonale took place for the twentieth time in Graz from March 28 to April 2. The festival was opened by Michael Glawogger\'s documentary *Untitled*, which film editor Monika Willi completed after Glawogger\'s unexpected death in 2014. A total of 191 films were shown, 106 of which competed in the competition for the Diagonale awards. These had a total value of around 195,000 euros. For the first time, the Franz Grabner Prize was awarded in the categories of cinema and television documentaries as part of the Diagonale. In the programming, cross-genre short film programs, and supporting films took account of the trend toward the merging of film genres. Thus, experimental works, music videos, feature films, and documentaries were positioned in relation to each other in the competition. With 31,200 visitors, the Diagonale was able to once again increase the audience response from the previous year (2016: 30,200). There was much positive feedback on the special historical program \"1000 Beat Film\", which looked for influences of pop culture on Austrian film and vice versa. The series \"Spotlight on\" focused on the integration figure Andi Winter, a filmmaker from the supposed second tier. U.S. director Ana Lily Amirpour presented her latest work *The Bad Batch* in Graz and held a master class. At the Diagonale Film Meeting, industry representatives from various sectors and functions shed light on the popularity and potential of Austrian film at home. The new discussion format \"Diagonale im Dialog\" brought illustrious personalities of the film world to the festival cinemas for extended talks.
In 2018, the Diagonale took place from March 13 to 18, with the opening film being Murer -- Anatomy of a Trial by Christian Frosch.
The 2019 Diagonale, from March 19 to 24, opened with *Der Boden unter den Füßen* by Marie Kreutzer.
In 2020, the Diagonale, originally scheduled for March 24 to 29, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The award winners were announced on June 30, 2020. Films from the program of the cancelled Festival of Austrian Film were presented in spring, summer, and fall as part of the series \"Diagonale\'20 -- \'Die Unvollendete\' on Tour\" at various stations across Austria and on the web.
In April 2020, the contracts of Sebastian Höglinger and Peter Schernhuber as festival directors were extended until 2022. The dual leadership will thus preside over the Festival of Austrian Film up to and including Diagonale\'22. The position of artistic director will be advertised in summer 2021.
The 2021 edition, originally scheduled for March 16 to 21, was to open with the feature film Fuchs im Bau by Arman T. Riahi. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the edition was postponed to June 8 to 13, 2021.
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# Diagonale
## Awards
The Festival of Austrian Film offers the film awards in various categories totalling over €170,000.-.
Jury awards of the Diagonale
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category
Grand Diagonale Prize of the Province of Styria: Best Feature Film
Grand Diagonale Prize of the Province of Styria: Best Documentary Film
Diagonale Prize for Innovative Cinema by the City of Graz: Best Innovative, Experimental, or Animated Film
Diagonale Prize for Short Feature: Best Short Feature Film
Diagonale Prize for Short Documentary from the Diocese of Graz-Seckau: Best Short Documentary Film
Diagonale Prize from the Youth Jury of the Province of Styria: Best Young Talent Film
Grand Diagonale Prize for Acting
Diagonale Acting Prizes for remarkable acting by an Austrian actor in a Diagonale competition film
Diagonale Acting Prizes for remarkable acting by an Austrian actress in a Diagonale competition film
Awards of the professional associations
Category
Diagonale Prize for Editing (Austrian Editors Association AEA): Best Artistic Editing of a Feature Film
Diagonale Prize for Editing (Austrian Editors Association AEA): Best Artistic Editing of a Documentary Film
Diagonale Cinematographers Prize (Austrian Association of Cinematographers AAC): Best Cinematography of a Feature Film
Diagonale Cinematographers Prize (Austrian Association of Cinematographers AAC): Best Cinematography of a Documentary Film
Diagonale Prize for Production Design and Costume Design (Austrian Filmdesigners Association VÖF): Best Production Design
Diagonale Prize for Production Design and Costume Design (Austrian Filmdesigners Association VÖF): Best Costume Design
Diagonale Prize for Sound Design (Verband österreichischer Filmtonschaffender Filmton Austria): Best Sound Design of a Feature Film
Diagonale Prize for Sound Design (Verband österreichischer Filmtonschaffender Filmton Austria): Best Sound Design of a Documentary Film
Other award ceremonies within the framework of the Diagonale
Category
Prize for Outstanding Production Services from the Verwertungsgesellschaft für Audiovisuelle Medien (VAM) for outstanding production services in the area of film
Audience Prize: Most Popular Diagonale Film of the Year
Carl Mayer Screenwriting Prize
Carl Mayer Screenwriting Prize for New Authors
Thomas Pluch Screenwriting Prize Special Prize by the Jury
Thomas Pluch Screenwriting Prize for Short or Medium Length Feature Films
Franz Grabner Prize Cinema Documentary
Franz Grabner Prize Television Documentary
*(\*) since 2000 the award ceremony has been held as part of the Diagonale*
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# Diagonale
## Award winners {#award_winners}
In the context of the Diagonale, expert juries award Austria\'s most highly endowed film prizes, including the two Grand Diagonale Prizes of the province of Styria (€21,000 each).
### Grand Diagonale Prize {#grand_diagonale_prize}
Grand Diagonale Prize
-----------------------
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Diagonale Prize for Innovative Cinema {#diagonale_prize_for_innovative_cinema}
Diagonale Prize for Innovative Cinema by the City of Graz: Best Innovative, Experimental, or Animated Film
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Diagonale Prize from the Youth Jury {#diagonale_prize_from_the_youth_jury}
Diagonale Prize from the Youth Jury of the Province of Styria: Best Young Talent Film
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Diagonale Prize for Short Feature and Short Documentary Film {#diagonale_prize_for_short_feature_and_short_documentary_film}
Diagonale Prize for Short Feature Film and Short Documentary Film from the Diocese of Graz-Seckau
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Diagonale Acting Prizes {#diagonale_acting_prizes}
On the initiative of the Verwertungsgesellschaft der Filmschaffenden , the Diagonale Acting Prizes have been awarded since 2008. The Grand Diagonale Acting Prize is awarded for services to Austrian film culture, whereas the Diagonale Acting Prize is awarded for a remarkable performance in a film of the respective Diagonale year. The trophy for the Grand Diagonale Acting Award is designed each year by an Austrian artist. 2008: Erwin Wurm, 2009: Elke Krystufek, 2010: Brigitte Kowanz, 2011: Peter Kogler, 2012: Elfie Semotan, 2013: Herbert Brandl, 2014: Eva Schlegel, 2015: Heimo Zobernig, 2016: Anna Paul, 2017: Stefanie Moshammer, 2018: Toni Schmale, 2019: Ashley Hans Scheirl, 2020: Daniel Spoerri.
Since 2010, the Diagonale Acting Prize has been awarded to both an actor and an actress.
Diagonale Acting Prizes
-------------------------
Year
1999
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Diagonale Cinematographers Prize {#diagonale_cinematographers_prize}
The Association of Austrian Cinematographers awarded the AAC Prize for the best camera work of the year at the Diagonale in 2004 and 2005. For the association\'s thirtieth anniversary in 2006, two prizes were awarded for the first time, in the categories Best Cinematography Feature Film and Documentary Film, as the Diagonale Prize Cinematography. Since 2014 they have been endowed with 3,000 euros each.
Diagonale Cinematographers Prize (Austrian Association of Cinematographers AAC)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
2004
2005
Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Diagonale Prize for Editing {#diagonale_prize_for_editing}
Since 2005, the Austrian Editors Association (aea) has awarded a prize for the best artistic montage in a Diagonale competition film. In 2006, two editing prizes were awarded for the first time, in the categories Feature Film and Documentary Film. Since 2014, these prizes have been endowed with 3,000 euros each and are awarded by the jury of the Grand Diagonale Prize Best Feature Film and the Grand Diagonale Prize Best Documentary Film, respectively.
Diagonale Prize for Editing Austrian Editors Association AEA
--------------------------------------------------------------
Year
2005
Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Diagonale Prize for Production Design and Costume Design {#diagonale_prize_for_production_design_and_costume_design}
On the initiative of the Austrian Filmdesigners Association VÖF, prizes for film design were awarded for the first time at the Diagonale in 2011 for Best Production Design and Best Costume Design. The prizes each consist of a cash prize, 3,000 euros, donated by the Verwertungsgesellschaft der Filmschaffenden VdFS, and a bronze sculpture by the artist Lotte Schegsch.
Diagonale Prize for Production Design and Costume Design (Austrian Filmdesigners Association VÖF)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Diagonale Prize for Sound Design {#diagonale_prize_for_sound_design}
On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the former Association of Austrian Sound Designers (VOESD), prizes were awarded for the first time at Diagonale 2013 for the best Sound Design in the Feature and Documentary Film categories. The prize consists of a cash prize, 3,000 euros each, donated by Verwertungsgesellschaft der Filmschaffenden VdFS.
Diagonale Prize for Sound Design (Verband österreichischer Filmtonschaffender Filmton Austria)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Diagonale Audience Prize {#diagonale_audience_prize}
Diagonale Audience Prize *Kleine Zeitung*: Most Popular Diagonale Film of the Year
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
1993
1994
1995
2007
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
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| 4 |
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# Diagonale
## Award winners {#award_winners}
### Prize for Outstanding Production Services {#prize_for_outstanding_production_services}
The prize, worth 22,000 euros, has been awarded since 2002 by the Verwertungsgesellschaft für audiovisuelle Medien (VAM) to an Austrian film production company or film producer for outstanding production services in the area of film. Either a specific film or the annual production of a film company is honored.
Prize for Outstanding Production Services from the VAM -- Verwertungsgesellschaft für Audiovisuelle Medien
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
### Carl Mayer Screenwriting Prizes {#carl_mayer_screenwriting_prizes}
The Carl Mayer Screenwriting Prizes have been awarded biennially since 1990 and annually since 1998. Since 2000, the award ceremony has been held as part of the Diagonale. It goes back to an initiative by Bernhard Frankfurter and is the most highly endowed screenwriting prize in Austria with 15,000 euros (since 1999, when it was increased to 200,000 schillings). Each competition has a new theme to which the anonymously submitted, not yet filmed screenplays must relate. In addition, the fictional or documentary material must be elaborated in a way suitable for cinema, the story must be true to life, well researched and well thought out, and the cinematographic potential must be exploited in all its facets, including formally.
In the first two competitions, only the Carl Mayer Screenwriting Prize was awarded. Since 1994, a prize of 7,500 euros for new authors has also been awarded. Both prizes are donated by the City of Graz. From 2000 to 2007, the ORF prize for material suitable for television, worth 4,000 euros, was also awarded as part of the Carl Mayer Screenwriting Prizes. Prior to that, material suitable for television was merely mentioned with praise in the jury\'s announcement. The prizes are only awarded if the jury can identify a script from the submitted scripts that meets the criteria. For this purpose, the jury may award several prizes in some years, or two prizes for new authors instead of one main prize (as happened in 2002).
Carl Mayer Screenwriting Prize
--------------------------------
Year
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Carl Mayer Screenwriting Prize: ORF prize for material suitable for TV
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
### Franz Grabner Award {#franz_grabner_award}
Since 2017 the Franz Grabner Award ceremony has been held as part of the festival.
Franz Grabner Award
---------------------
Year
2017
2018
2019
### Thomas Pluch Screenwriting Prizes {#thomas_pluch_screenwriting_prizes}
Since the beginning of the Diagonale, the Thomas Pluch Screenwriting Prize ceremony has been held as part of the festival.
## Literature
- Christian Cargnelli: *Auch ein Jammertal steht in einer Landschaft*. Von den Österreichischen Filmtagen zur Diagonale: eine Chronik der Festivals des österreichischen Films. In: *Meteor, Sondernummer \"Österreichischer Film\"*, March 1998.
- Christian Cargnelli: *Jammertal Revisited. Eine Chronik der österreichischen Filmfestivals Diagonale von 1998 bis Anfang 2004*. In: *kolik.film*, Sonderheft 1, March 2004.
- Michael Meisterhofer: . Diplomarbeit. Universität Wien, Wien 2015, 3. *Filmfestival Diagonale*, S. 14--34 ([othes.univie.ac.at](http://othes.univie.ac.at/36000/1/2015-01-24_0507096.pdf) \[PDF; 3,1 MB\])
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# Lord Francis Hervey
**Lord Francis Hervey** (16 October 1846 -- 10 January 1931) was a British barrister and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1874 and 1892.
## Background
Hervey was the fourth and youngest son of Frederick Hervey, 2nd Marquess of Bristol and his wife Lady Katherine Isabella Manners, fourth daughter of John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland. His older brothers were Frederick Hervey, 3rd Marquess of Bristol, Lord Augustus Hervey and Lord John Hervey. He was educated at Eton College, where he won the Newcastle Scholarship, and later Balliol College, Oxford, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1869. Hervey was called to the bar by Lincoln\'s Inn in 1872 and was nominated an Honorary Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford two years later.
## Career
At the 1874 general election Hervey was elected Member of Parliament for Bury St Edmunds and held the seat until 1880. He was elected for the constituency again in 1885 and sat for it until 1892. In the latter year, he was appointed Second Civil Service Commissioner, an office he held until 1907, when he was promoted to First Civil Service Commissioner. Hervey retired from this post in 1909 and maintaining the family\'s connections with Brighton College, he served as a member of its Council from 1910 to his death. He secured the school a 35-year lease on 8.5 acre of the family\'s Manor Farm property to serve as playing fields. Hervey was Justice of Peace for Suffolk
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# Behice Boran
**Behice Boran** (1 May 1910 -- 10 October 1987) was a Turkish Marxist-Leninist politician, author and sociologist. As a dissenting political voice from the far-left, Boran was repeatedly imprisoned for her work and died in exile after the Turkish military coup of 1980.
## Biography
Boran was born in Bursa to Kazan Tatar parents whose families had settled in the Ottoman Empire during the 1890s. She graduated from American College for Girls in Istanbul and studied sociology at the University of Michigan in the United States. She received a PhD on sociology in 1939 from the University of Michigan, and was involved in Marxism. She was nominated to Ankara University, Faculty of Language and History-Geography as an associate professor.
She also joined the clandestine Communist Party of Turkey (TKP) and began publishing left-wing periodicals, *Yurt ve Dünya* (Turkish: *Motherland and World*) and *Adımlar* (Turkish: *Steps*), which led to her sacking from the university. In 1950, she led the formation of the Turkish Peacelovers Association, which protested against Turkey\'s participation in the Korean War, which led to her arrest and a sentence of 15 months in prison. In 1965, Boran was elected deputy from the Workers\' Party of Turkey in the Turkish parliament. Within the party Boran and Sadun Aren formed an alliance, known as Aren-Boran faction.
In 1970, she assumed the leadership of the party. She was arrested after the military coup of 1971 and sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment. After she was released following an amnesty in 1974, she re-established the TİP in 1975.
After the military coup of 1980, Boran went into exile in Europe, living as a political refugee in Sofia, Brussels and Düsseldorf. In 1987, she announced that TİP and TKP had decided to merge. She died soon after this press conference from heart disease in Brussels, Belgium. She was 77 years old. Her body was brought to Istanbul and her funeral turned into a mass demonstration, the first public show of force of Turkey\'s left-wing movement after the coup
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# Carlo Cozio
**Carlo Cozio**, Count of Montiglio and Salabue (c. 1715 -- c. 1780) was an Italian chess player and theorist. He is best remembered for the book *Il giuoco degli scacchi*, and for the Cozio Defence.
## Life
Carlo Cozio was born in Casale Monferrato around 1715. He married Donna Taddea dei Marchesi di Barbiano di Chieri and by her had one son: Count Ignazio Alessandro Cozio di Salabue (1755--1840) who became a famous collector of violins.
In 1740 he completed the manuscript of *Il Giuoco degli Scacchi o sia Nuova idea di attacchi, difese e partiti del Giuoco degli Scacchi*, which was published in 1766 in Turin by the Stamperia Reale as two volumes amounting together to 700 pages. He is also known for Cozio\'s mate.
Carlo Cozio died around 1780
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# Richard Anthony Parker
**Richard Anthony Parker** (December 10, 1905 -- June 3, 1993) was a prominent Egyptologist and professor of Egyptology. Originally from Chicago, he attended Mt. Carmel High School (then known as St. Cyril) with acclaimed author James T. Farrell. He received an A.B. from Dartmouth College in 1930, and a Ph.D. in Egyptology from the University of Chicago in 1938. He then went to Luxor, Egypt to work as an epigrapher with the University of Chicago\'s Epigraphic and Architectural Survey, studying the mortuary temple of Ramses III. When World War II necessitated a temporary halt to the project, Parker came back to Chicago to teach Egyptology at the university. In 1946, he returned to Egypt to continue his work on the epigraphic survey, and soon rose to the position of field director.
In 1948, he founded the Department of Egyptology at Brown University and became its first chairman, and also assumed the newly created position of the Charles Edwin Wilbour Professorship. That year, Parker also began his service as a founding trustee of the American Research Center in Egypt.
Parker\'s primary interests were in ancient science and mathematics. In 1951, he traveled to Egypt to examine monuments linked to ancient astronomy, and in subsequent years studied papyri at Paris, Florence, Vienna, Copenhagen and Oxford, in Britain. His major contributions included significant work in the areas of Egyptian language (including Demotic), astronomy, and chronology. Of particular note was his discovery that two ancient Egyptian calendars were employed simultaneously: a 365-day calendar used for administrative needs, and a lunar calendar used for religious and agricultural purposes. Parker\'s work in this area continues to influence Egyptological research.
In 1971, British Academy elected Parker as a corresponding fellow, the highest accolade for scholarship given in Great Britain. He was the only American Egyptologist selected for membership in the society. Parker also served on the visiting committees of Harvard University's department of Middle Eastern Civilizations, and was a member of the department of Egyptian art at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
Parker was a devoted fan of Brown University football, and was noted for forgoing trips abroad so as not to miss a home game.
## Publications
- *Medinet Habu Demotic Ostracon 4038* (1938) (doctoral dissertation; a revised version was published in Volume XXVI (1940) of the *Journal of Egyptian Archaeology* under the title *A Late Demotic Gardening Agreement: Medinet Habu Ostracon 4038*)
- *Babylonian Chronology 626 B.C. - A.D. 45* (University of Chicago Press, 1942 \[reprinted 1946\])
- *The Calendars of Ancient Egypt, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization* (University of Chicago Press, 1950)
- *Sothic Dates and Calendar Adjustment*
- *The Problem of the Month-Names: A Reply* (1957)
- *Lunar Dates of Thutmose III and Ramesses II* (Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1957)
- *A Vienna Demotic Papyrus on Eclipse- and Lunar-Omina* (Brown University Press, 1959)
- *Egyptian Astronomical Texts* (with O. Neugebauer) (1960)
- *A Saite Oracle Papyrus From Thebes* (with J. Cerny) (Brown University Press, 1962)
- *Two Demotic Astronomical Papyri in the Carlsberg Collection* (1962)
- *Egyptian Astronomical Texts, III. Decans, Planets, Constellations and Zodiacs* (Brown University Press, 1969)
- *The Calendars and Chronology, the Legacy of Egypt* (1971)
- *Demotic Mathematical Papyri* (Brown University Press, 1972)
- *Ancient Egyptian Astronomy, the Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World* (Oxford University Press, 1974)
- *The Edifice of Taharqa by the Sacred Lake of Karnak* (with Jean Leclant and Jean Claude Goyon) (Brown University Press, 1979)
- *Egyptological Studies in Honor of Richard A. Parker: Presented on the Occasion of His 78th Birthday* (Leonard H. Lesko, ed
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# Maurizio Zaffiri
**Maurizio Zaffiri** (born 12 January 1978 in L\'Aquila) is an Italian rugby union flanker. He started playing with L\'Aquila Rugby. He later moved to Gran Parma Rugby and then to Rugby Calvisano. He currently plays for L\'Aquila Rugby. Zaffiri has been capped for the Italian national team, making his debut in 2000 against Fiji. He has 14 caps for his country
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# Diarrheic shellfish poisoning
**Diarrheic shellfish poisoning** (**DSP**) is one of the four recognized symptom types of shellfish poisoning, alongside paralytic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and amnesic shellfish poisoning. As the name suggests, it mainly manifests as diarrhea. Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting may also occur.
DSP and its symptoms usually set in within about half an hour of ingesting infected shellfish, and last for about one day. The causative poison is okadaic acid, which inhibits intestinal cellular dephosphorylation. This causes the cells to become very water-permeable and the host to profusely defecate into a high risk of dehydration
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| 0 |
9,993,794 |
# Sugartown, Pennsylvania
**Sugartown** is an unincorporated settlement that is located in central Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States, at the intersection of Sugartown and Boot Roads. It is situated eighteen miles west of Philadelphia.
## History
The town was named after Eli Shugart, a 19th-century tavern keeper. Sugartown is a typical crossroads village that provides goods and services to the surrounding farm community. It played an important part in the development of Willistown and contains an inn, general store, blacksmith and wheelwright, cabinetmaker, saddler, shoemaker and a doctor.
The **Sugartown Historic District** is a national historic district that encompasses fourteen contributing buildings. It includes the Sign of the Spread Eagle tavern (c. 1790), the Sugartown Store (c. 1800) and residence (1860), the Willistown Township Building (1909), \"Coxefield\" (c. 1790), a shoemaker\'s shop (c. 1790), the Sugartown School (1866), the Friends school (1782--1783, 1862), and a schoolmaster\'s house (1785)
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| 0 |
9,993,804 |
# Big man (anthropology)
A **big man** is a highly influential individual in a tribe, especially in Melanesia and Polynesia. Such a person may not have formal tribal or other authority (through for instance material possessions, or inheritance of rights), but can maintain recognition through skilled persuasion and wisdom. The big man has a large group of followers, both from his clan and from other clans. He provides his followers with protection and economic assistance, in return receiving support which he uses to increase his status.
## Big man \"system\" {#big_man_system}
The American anthropologist Marshall Sahlins has studied the big man phenomenon. In his much-quoted 1963 article \"Poor Man, Rich Man, Big Man, Chief: Political Types in Melanesia\", Sahlins uses analytically constructed ideal-types of hierarchy and equality to compare a larger-scale Polynesian-type hierarchical society of chiefs and sub-chiefs with a Melanesian-type big-man system.
The latter consists of segmented lineage groups, locally held together by faction-leaders who compete for power in the social structure of horizontally arranged and principally equal groupings (factions). Here, leadership is not ascribed, but rather gained through action and competition \"with other ambitious men\".
## Powers and responsibilities {#powers_and_responsibilities}
A big man\'s position is rarely secured as an inherited position at the top of a hierarchy. Rather, big men commonly compete with one another in an ongoing process of reciprocity and re-distribution of material and political resources. Spreading the word of his power and capabilities -- thereby establishing reputation and recognition among outsiders -- requires the delivery of resources as tribute to relevant big men of other groups. Simultaneously, he must secure resources for his own followers in order to maintain their satisfaction and confidence in his leadership. As such, the big man is subject to a transactional order based on his ability to effectively balance these mutually opposed tasks.
Concepts of the role and what it entails are relatively fluid and can vary between groups. Typically, any authority a big man may possess is neither formally defined nor universally recognized by others. His position is usually not heritable and his descendants are not guaranteed the right to succession or any otherwise elevated status.
In the Island of Malaita in Solomon Islands the big man system is dying away, but the big man system can be seen at the political level. Every four years in the Solomon Islands\' national elections, the system can be clearly seen, especially in the Melanesian Islands.
## In Papua New Guinea {#in_papua_new_guinea}
The first use of the term may be found in the English-translation of *Dreißig Jahre in der Südsee* (1907) by Richard Parkinson. The term may be often found in many historical works dealing with Papua New Guinea. Andrew Strathern applies the concept of big-men to a community in Mount Hagen, Papua New Guinea.
Traditionally, among peoples of non-Austronesian-speaking communities, authority was obtained by a man (the so-called \"big man\") recognised as \"performing most capably in social, political, economic and ceremonial activities\". His function was not to command, but to influence his society through his example. He was expected to act as a negotiator with neighbouring groups, and to periodically redistribute food (generally produced by his wives). In this sense, he was seen as ensuring the well-being of his community.
Such a system is still found in many parts of Papua New Guinea, and other parts of Melanesia
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# Karl Johansslussen
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| thumb\|250px\|thumbtime=4\|Karl Johansslussen in operation, video. |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Historical through traffic{{cite book title = Slussen vid Söderström \| author = Björn Hallerdt publisher = Samfundet S:t Erik isbn = 91-85267-21-X |
| --------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ---------------------- |
| Year Reported duties |
| 1589 628 |
| 1615 915 |
| 1654 3,358 |
| 1878 11,729 |
| 1895 17,405 |
| 1913 33,000 |
| 1976 37,000 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
**Karl Johansslussen** (\"Lock of Charles John\") is a lock and a sluice, along the Söderström river connecting and controlling the flood discharge between Riddarfjärden, the easternmost part of Lake Mälaren, and Saltsjön, the section of the Baltic Sea reaching into central Stockholm, Sweden. The lock is 75 metres long, 10 metres wide and 3.90 metres deep. The maximum height is 3.8 metres. The lock is closed from 2016 to 2021 due to large reconstruction works in the area.
Before World War I, few of the steam ships in the harbor of Stockholm were larger than 500 tonnes, and the previous lock thus largely sufficient. While commercial traffic was relocated to Hammarbyleden passing south of Södermalm in 1926--1929, the present lock, completed in 1935, was still used by some 3,000 commercial vessels in the 1970s, and log rafts passed through the canal until the 1950s. Its main function is however to allow passage for pleasure boats and sightseeing boats.
## Construction
Like the surrounding area Slussen, named after the lock and built simultaneous to it in 1930--1935, the lock is a concrete construction resting on franki piles (e.g. cast-in-situ piles) located along the sides of the canal and next to the gates. The base plate is made of reinforced concrete, reinforced with steel sleepers next to the gates. The walls of the canal are dressed in granite reinforced with vertical iron rebates stretching three meters from the bottom and horizontal anchoring irons. The two gates are sheeted with steel and lowered from the overhead road bridge, each of them operated with individual machinery hidden in the premises south of the canal. This sort of gates can be operated independent of water pressure, which makes additional aperture and culverts unnecessary for turning the lock.
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# Karl Johansslussen
## History
: *For historical images, see external links.*
Following the decline of the military importance of the southern city gate, the area south of the city became the subject for economic exploitation. Sweden was developing into a major power, and as such its capital apparently needed a facelift. The eastern waterfront of the city was remolded into what was to become Skeppsbron, the representative front of the city, and the western part, turned into ashes in the great fire of 1625, was reshaped in accordance to modern town planning. These changes necessarily had to affect the southern city gate and its watercourse; a large slaughterhouse was built on the eastern side of the passage in 1626, while two watermills with five systems of mill wheels each flanked the still undeveloped watercourse. Ships, still pulled by hand over the shallow passage, couldn\'t pass at all during some seasons and regularly ran ashore causing constant and expensive repairs, while the sheds and simple buildings next to it were often washed away by floods in spring and autumn.
### Lock of Queen Christina {#lock_of_queen_christina}
In 1634, works were begun to transform the two streams into a modern canal and construction works on the lock could finally start when the two oldest towers were demolished in 1637. Dutch craftsmen were brought in for the project led by two Dutch carpenters, called Adrian Dams and Lennart Hermanson. A pole-driver was used to dam up the watercourse during four months before the seabed was excavated and larger blocks were burnt into smaller pieces carried away by hand. Finally, in 1638 the dam was temporarily opened for the wooden box of the canal, towed in from the construction site on Skeppsholmen. The interior faces of the box was then dressed up in a block wall using stone imported from the Netherlands before the copper-dressed locks were completed. When completed in 1642, the Dutch were sent home and the lock was named ***Drottning Kristinas sluss*** (\"Lock of Queen Christina\") after Queen Christina (1626--1689), about to come of age. In spite of the constant need of repair, the canal and its lock was an instant success, the city\'s earnings from customs increased sixfold, and as the loading an unloading of iron was relocated to the old moat in 1662, the area developed into one of the most vital ports in Europe, after 1636 handling approximately two-thirds of the Swedish export. German and Dutch merchants opened branch offices on the southern side in 1664, and Russian shops were built next to them in 1641 (the space is still called *Ryssgården*, \"The Russian Yard\"). A planned Swedish trade house, started by Nicodemus Tessin the Elder, half-finished and struck by fire in 1680, was finally completed to the plans of Nicodemus Tessin the Younger and called the \"Southern Town Hall\" (*Södra Stadshuset*), today housing the Stockholm City Museum. In 1698, Tessin the Younger added a second drawbridge to the area, demolishing most of the tower of Gustav Vasa and the moat in the process. The southern city gate had by this time transformed into the city\'s financial centre, defraying the many Baroque palaces built during the era, and into a major traffic junction, serving both an increasing number of ships, the citizens of Stockholm who increased from 9,000 to 47,000 people 1611--1675.
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# Karl Johansslussen
## History
### Lock of Polhem {#lock_of_polhem}
Following the death of Charles XII in 1718, and the defeat in the Great Northern War (1700--1721) the Swedish capital was a city in despair, preparing for a Russian attack and encamped by impoverished, refugees, and idle soldiers. The southern lock of the city was approaching a century in age, a bottleneck in a state of decay, inadequate for both the larger shipping vessels of the era and the increasing traffic load. While Göran Josuæ Adelcrantz (1668--1739), the pupil and successor of Tessin the Younger, was mostly occupied by the construction works of the new Royal Palace, in 1622 he accomplished an emergency repair of the old lock; workers wading between the temporary embankments filling cracks with clay, straw, and muck, while loose and missing planks were put back in place. These measure not only ended much more expensive than intended but also proved completely insufficient, and as the decay had obviously made the old lock impossible to repair properly, Christopher Polhem (1661--1751), \"the father of Swedish mechanics\", was consulted for a new construction. The proposal of Adelcrantz for a new construction, estimated to cost 32,741 riksdaler in silver coins, was passed over by a suggested repair of the old lock by Johan Eberhard Carlberg (1683--1773) in 1726, limited in cost to 30,000 rikdaler while implying widening the canal from 6,5 to 8,2 meters, a proposal to the taste of the city\'s building board which subsequently had Adelcrantz replaced by Carlberg. The latter, however, was a daring man and he quickly produced a proposal for a new lock south of the old, a proposal which implied not only the demolition of the city\'s brewery, but also the discontinuation of the bar iron deposit next to the lock (the biggest in Europe, representing about 40% of the global market at the time). By 1728, however, the city had accepted the need for a new construction, and, as Carlberg was busy with other undertakings, finally assigned Polhem for the project in 1729. The proposal for a wooden construction he produced the following year didn\'t please the board which had anticipated a more lasting construction in stone, and as the whole affair failed to conclude, a contract wasn\'t signed until 1744. At the age of 93 years, only days before his death, Polhem was reward the knighthood of the Royal Order of the Polar Star, at the bottom of the lock. Finally inaugurated on May 2, 1755, ***Polhems sluss*** (\"Lock of Polhem\"), was 3,9 meters deep, 12,5 meters wide, and 59 meters long; in the western end overpassed by a drawbridge flanked by two brick towers on either side and therefore called ***Röda Slussen*** (\"The Red Lock\"). With the new lock the surrounding area changed considerably in character; on the square south of the lock a triangular block was built, named ***Strykjärnet**\'\' (\"The \[Cloth\] Iron\"); several old wooden buildings were replaced by new in stone; and an eastern bridge was added over the canal named***Blå Slussen**\'\' (\"The Blue Lock\") after the blue hoisting device.
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# Karl Johansslussen
## History
### Lock of Nils Ericson {#lock_of_nils_ericson}
Not only the environment was rebuilt, the gates of the lock gad to be replaced in 1820, the whole construction was subject for a comprehensive repair in 1836 and closed for three months autumn 1839. Half a dozen metal pump stocks 12 in in diameter were found in the embankment but not understood as such, the entire machinery therefore thrown out of gear, while skippers exceeding the permissible draught attempted to pull their ships over the sill. The Blue bridge was repaired and en new pivoted bridge built by the red one. Finally in 1831, Lieutenant colonel Gustaf Adolf Lagerheim (1788--1845), who had worked at the Göta Canal, was commissioned to investigate a new bridge and eventually became the first person to propose a new seaway south of Södermalm, a suggestion however reject as to expensive, why he instead made a proposal for a new lock before he fell out with the building authorities and left the capital. Successive plans for a new bridge were first encouraged as His Majesty personally granted subsidies worth 20,000 riksdaler annually during a period of ten years starting from 1837, provided that the city allocated the same amount to cover the cost was estimated to 394,000 riksdaler, the plans then fell upon problems however, as a competition in 1841 awarding the winning proposal 200 ducats produced no entries, and a new competition in 1843 awarding 500 ducats resulted in the same outcome. The savior appeared in 1845 when lieutenant colonel Nils Ericson (1802--1870), who had worked for Baltzar von Platen at Göta Canal, delivered a proposal for which was, except for the award, also given 2,000 riksdaler for a supplemental investigation. The new lock required to be 9,5 meters wide, 3,6 meters deep at low tide, while the distance between the gates should be made 45 meters. The cost was estimated to 422,000 riksdaler, and Ericson\'s recompense settled at 40,000 riksdaler to be paid once the sluice was completed.
In preparation for ***Nils Ericsons sluss*** (\"Lock of Nils Ericson\") he made detailed studies and minute calculations in 1845--1846. He concluded there were insufficient stonemasons in the Stockholm area, and therefore had limestone and granite brought in from other parts of Sweden, quarries Ericson knew well from his earlier projects. He constructed a circular saw turned inwards to cut the head each stock at equal level for the bottom of the caisson, an instrument which was, like virtually all heavy tasks during the project, hand operated by several men. Empty barrels were used as rafts. Ericson gave directions for all sorts of tasks, including dredging, securing the rabbeting of planks, earth fillings, and determining the inclination of the caisson walls in order for them to withstand the pressure from the levees. He had to use an expensive steam dredger, but could avoid a machine for the drainage which saved a lot of money. He also made great efforts to make the extensive piling for the foundation more efficient; the drop forge of the pile driver should hit the pile with a constant effect, why Ericson had the labourers lower the device as the pile sunk. The timbered caisson was built as a huge box on Djurgården, just north-east of the bridge Lilla Sjötullsbron, slightly more than 79 meters long, 16,5 meters wide and 6,2 meters high (266½×56×21 feet), subsequently towed into place before the ends were removed. The temporary drydock on Djurgården is still discernible as a depression in the landscape. The construction work on the caisson began in May 1847 with the construction of barracks for 60 men and a smithy. In the drydock keel blocks 3 in tall were then placed and the bottom of the caisson was built upon them --- a bed consisting of 3 in deal, 12 in beams, and 1`{{fraction|1|4}}`{=mediawiki} inches of boards. The caisson was completed in August, water was let in and the building berth and the barrage were removed. The floating was done in two hours 2-4 a.m., and its dimensions produced enthusiastic comparisons: \"larger than the Stockholm Cathedral!\", \"\...could house the entire Swedish Army and its paraphernalia.\"
On the site, construction started in October 1846, with demolition of the old slaughterhouse, water mills, bazaars and an entire block, and temporary bridges were built on either sides of the old canal, while old curbs and piles were removed from the seabed. Ericson concluded there never was an isthmus connecting the two island, in opposition to later expertise who believe they were cut off around 1000 AD. 2,000 piles were driven into the seabed, one about every two meters, and a bed of grit made up the leveled bed for the caisson. Since the caisson was fit into place the bricklaying of the bottom, sills, and lower parts of the walls began. The caisson was lowered with ballast of gravel and rock waste before water was pored in and the box sank into place --- the fit was perfect and the box so tight the planned hiring of a steam engine to pump it dry could be cancelled. As the masonry with mortar begun in May 1849, the ballast was gradually removed. Limestone from Borgholm was used up to 12 feet over the bottom, while granite was cut locally for the upper part of the construction. Between the inner walls of the caisson and the stone walls, homogeneous, well-worked clay was used as a protection against frost and decay, while compressed sand was used outside the caisson. The entire construction was completed in 1850 with the addition of the gates, made in wood below water and iron above, the drawbridges outside the gates, also made of iron, and a cast iron sign was finally added in the middle of the lock displaying: \"Built during the VII year of reign of Oscar I\". The costs ended at 335,000 riksdaler, 75 per cent below the estimated cost, while the entire project was completed a year before the scheduled five years.
The Inauguration on November 28, 1850, led by King Oscar I and including two military orchestras, salutes, and cheering crowds, culminated as the king descended the dock, and was the last to leave it before the water was let in and the bridges were opened to the public. Ericson was made Commander of the Royal Order of Vasa and the city rewarded the engineer amply, while the supervisor of the project, de Geer, was made Knight of the same order. A model of the dock was displayed at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1855 were Ericson received the silver medallion. The creation of the lock made it obvious the untidy surrounding area needed a facelift, and Ericson was therefore given the task of embellishing it. A paved space was added south of the lock, Karl Johans Torg, and the sculptor Bengt Erland Fogelberg (1786--1854) created an equestrian statue of Charles XIV John (1763--1844), carried out in Rome and cast in Munich in 1852. Ericson was raised to peerage at the unveiling ceremony November 4, 1854, which made him skipped the second s in his surname. The old canal was rebuilt into a fish sump with a bazaar added on top of it. The irregular waterfront running along Skeppsbron east and north of the lock, at the time still heaped with wooden hovel and other hardly representative structures, was unified 1852--1854 to a single, coherent quay 600 meters long, while Kornhamnstorg on the western side was furnished with a 45 meters long quay. Finally, Ericson also designed two of the drydocks on Beckholmen, still in use.
While the lock of Ericson remained in use, the sea traffic continuously increased and in the 1920s more than 25,000 ships used it annually. Its dimensions soon proved insufficient and a shipyard located upstream had to build its ships in two pieces, tow them through the lock to assemble them in a second yard downstream. The working length was eventually increased by adding to secondary gates which lengthened the dock from 45 meters to 58,6 (using one of the gates) and 70,45 meters (using both) respectively. Today the lock of Ericson is superseded by the fourth lock, it is still in existence under the statue of Charles John, in spring much needed as a spillway for the annual spring flood discharge
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# Duits
**Duits** is a Dutch-language surname meaning \"German\"
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# John Wood (cricketer, born 1970)
*For the 18th century Surrey cricketer, please see John Wood (Surrey cricketer, born 1744)*\
*For the 18th century Kent cricketer, please see John Wood (Kent cricketer, born 1745)* `{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use British English|date=March 2016}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox cricketer
| name = John Wood
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| full_name =
| birth_date = {{birthdate and age|1970|07|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = Crofton, Wakefield, Yorkshire
| nickname = <!-- must be frequently used by reliable sources in reference to the subject -->
| height = <!-- X ft Y in, XXX cm, or X.XX m (automatic conversion) -->
| heightft = <!-- no need to use conversion templates for heights (automatic conversion) -->
| heightinch =
| heightcm =
| heightm =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm fast-medium
| role = Bowler
| club1 = {{no wrap|[[Northern Cape (cricket team)|Griqualand West]]}}
| year1 = 1990
| club2 = [[Durham County Cricket Club|Durham]]
| year2 = {{no wrap|1991–2000}}
| club3 = [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]]
| year3 = 2001–2004
| type1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| debutdate1 = 14 April
| debutyear1 = 1992
| debutfor1 = [[Durham County Cricket Club|Durham]]
| debutagainst1 = {{no wrap|[[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]]}}
| lastdate1 = 26 June
| lastyear1 = 2004
| lastfor1 = [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]]
| lastagainst1 = [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]]
| type2 = [[List A cricket|List A]]
| debutdate2 = 27 October
| debutyear2 = 1991
| debutfor2 = {{no wrap|[[Northern Cape (cricket team)|Griqualand West]]}}
| debutagainst2 = [[Boland (cricket team)|Boland]]
| lastdate2 = 4 July
| lastyear2 = 2004
| lastfor2 = [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]]
| lastagainst2 = [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]]
| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 115
| runs1 = 1762
| bat avg1 = 12.67
| 100s/50s1 = 0/3
| top score1 = 64
| deliveries1 = 17446
| wickets1 = 318
| bowl avg1 = 33.92
| fivefor1 = 11
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 7/58
| catches/stumpings1 = 28/0
| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches2 = 159
| runs2 = 614
| bat avg2 = 10.06
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 28[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 7049
| wickets2 = 174
| bowl avg2 = 30.70
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/49
| catches/stumpings2 = 22/0
| column3 = [[Twenty20 cricket|T20]]
| matches3 = 5
| runs3 = 15
| bat avg3 = 15.00
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 15[[not out|*]]
| deliveries3 = 95
| wickets3 = 3
| bowl avg3 = 33.33
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 1/15
| catches/stumpings3 = 1/0
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2/2311/2311.html CricketArchive {{subscription required}}
| date = 3 January
| year = 2020
}}`{=mediawiki} **John Wood** (born 22 July 1970) is an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler who played for Griqualand West, Durham and Lancashire in a twelve-year career.
Wood began his cricketing career in 1990, when he played various cup competitions in South Africa, before he made his County Championship debut in England during the 1992 season. Playing in the lower-order, Wood took five wickets in his first bowling spell. He was only an intermittent starter during the following season, after some expensive bowling, though he hit his first half-century, in the first innings of the first Championship match he took part in, against Nottinghamshire. However, Durham found themselves at the bottom of the table come the end of the season, with just two wins in seventeen matches.
Wood spent most of the 1995 season out of the game, making just three County Championship appearances, and did not reclaim a first-team place until 1998, during which he took two five-wicket innings, despite not performing at his peak with the bat.
When the league split into two after the 1999 season, Durham qualified for the First Division, having placed eighth during the season, and consolidated their position in the first division in 2000. At the end of the 2000 season, Wood moved to Lancashire, having seen Durham relegated to the Second Division. This would prove a masterful transfer for Wood, as Durham without him would struggle to perform in the 2001 County Championship, finishing second-last with only Derbyshire below them, while Lancashire, with Wood\'s assistance, consolidated their position in Division One.
Over his final three years in first-class cricket, and, by this time, in his early-thirties, Wood played only infrequently. Following a couple of expensive bowling spells, he found himself out of the first-class team.
In nearly twelve years in first-class cricket, Wood remained a lower-order batsman, with frequently devastating spells of bowling to counter his low batting average.
Since 2006, Wood has been the Captain of Cleckheaton\'s Cricket Club, a club in the Bradford Premier League which is generally regarded as being one of the best leagues in the country in terms of the quality of cricket. Under his captaincy Cleckheaton won the league in 2013, for the first time in the club\'s history and in 2014 which was the club\'s 150th anniversary
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# United Nations Security Council Resolution 65
**United Nations Security Council Resolution 65**, adopted on December 28, 1948, requested that the consular representatives in Batavia referred to in United Nations Security Council Resolution 30 send a complete report on the situation in the Republic of Indonesia, covering the observance of ceasefire orders and the conditions prevailing in areas under military occupation or from which armed forces now in occupation may be withdrawn.
The resolution was adopted with nine votes to none; the Ukrainian SSR and Soviet Union abstained
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# 1991 Asian Athletics Championships
The ninth **Asian Championships in Athletics** were held in 1991 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
## Medal summary {#medal_summary}
### Men
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 100 metres\ | Talal Mansour\ | 10.29 | Chen Wenzhong\ | 10.45 | Khalid Jouma Ibrahim\ | 10.56 |
| (wind: 0.0 m/s) | `{{flag|Qatar}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Bahrain}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 200 metres\ | Zhao Cunlin\ | 20.75 | Ibrahim Ismail Muftah\ | 20.96 | Hiroki Fuwa\ | 21.00 |
| (wind: -1.3 m/s) | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Qatar}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 400 metres | Ibrahim Ismail Muftah\ | 45.66 | Aktawat Sakoolchan\ | 46.52 | Koji Ito\ | 46.64 |
| | `{{flag|Qatar}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Thailand}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 800 metres | Lee Jin-il\ | 1:51.42 | Nadir Khan\ | 1:51.68 | Ismail Yousef\ | 1:51.70 |
| | `{{flag|South Korea}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Pakistan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Qatar}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 1500 metres | Mohammed Sulaiman\ | 3:42.64 | Kim Bong-yu`{{ref label|nb1|nb1|nb1}}`{=mediawiki}\ | 3:45.01 | Nadir Khan\ | 3:46.47 |
| | `{{flag|Qatar}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|South Korea}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Pakistan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 5000 metres | Mohammed Sulaiman\ | 14:03.35 | Ahmed Ibrahim Warsama\ | 14:04.45 | Wang Helin\ | 14:04.68 |
| | `{{flag|Qatar}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Qatar}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 10,000 metres | Hwang Young-Jo\ | 29:50.37 | Wang Helin\ | 29:57.26 | Kim Jae-Ryong\ | 30:05.48 |
| | `{{flag|South Korea}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|South Korea}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 3000 metre steeplechase | Hamid Sajjadi\ | 8:33.89 | Gao Shuhei\ | 8:34.32 | Saleh Mohammed Habib\ | 8:34.66\ |
| | `{{flag|Iran}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Syria|1980}}`{=mediawiki} | (NR) |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 110 metres hurdles\ | Nur Herman Majid\ | 14.04 | Zheng Jinsuo\ | 14.05 | Toshihiko Iwasaki\ | 14.18 |
| (wind: -1.4 m/s) | `{{flag|Malaysia}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 400 metres hurdles | Yoshihiko Saito\ | 50.46 | Ghulam Abbas\ | 50.77 | Zid Abou Hamed\ | 51.15 |
| | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Pakistan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Syria|1980}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 4 × 100 metre relay | \ | 39.20 | \ | 39.26 | \ | 39.74 |
| | Zhang Hong\ | | Seaksarn Boonrat\ | | Koji Ito\ | |
| | Zhao Cunlin\ | | Niti Piyapan\ | | Masahito Horiuchi\ | |
| | Chen Wenzhong\ | | Pongsak Wacharakupt\ | | Tetsuya Yamashita\ | |
| | Zheng Chen | | Visut Watanasin | | Hiroki Fuwa | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 4 × 400 metre relay | \ | 3:05.22 | \ | 3:05.81 | \ | 3:06.64 NR |
| | Hidekazu Katsuki\ | | Yuttana Thonglek\ | | Azhar Hashim\ | |
| | Yoshihiko Saito\ | | Anucha Santirangsimant\ | | Vellabouy Samson\ | |
| | Masayoshi Kan\ | | Sarapong Kumsup\ | | Mohamed Yazid Parlan\ | |
| | Koji Ito | | Aktawat Sakoolchan | | Nordin Mohamed Jadi | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| 20 kilometre road walk | Bu Lintang\ | 1:31:36 | Hideharu Fuchida\ | 1:34:02 | Suchá Singh\ | 1:37:01 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|India}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| High jump | Lee Jin-Taek\ | 2.22 | Shigeki Toyoshima\ | 2.19 | Phaitoon Hearnthong\ | 2.16 |
| | `{{flag|South Korea}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Thailand}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| Pole vault | Hideyuki Takei\ | 5.25 | Ge Yun\ | 5.10 | Ku Chin-shui\ | 5.10 |
| | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Chinese Taipei}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| Long jump | Chen Zunrong\ | 8.10 | Masaki Morinaga\ | 8.02 | Nai Hui-Fang\ | 7.85 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Chinese Taipei}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| Triple jump | Chen Yanping\ | 17.22 | Zou Sixin\ | 16.95 | Marzouk Abdullah Al-Yoha\ | 16.48 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Kuwait}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| Shot put | Cheng Shaobo\ | 18.11 | Bilal Saad Mubarak\ | 17.78 | Yuji Okano\ | 17.65 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Qatar}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| Discus throw | Yu Wenge\ | 62.20 | Shakti Singh\ | 53.26 | Yuji Yamazaki\ | 51.76 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|India}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| Hammer throw | Bi Zhong\ | 69.90 | Nobuhiro Todoroki\ | 64.56 | Waleed Al-Bekheet\ | 60.74 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Kuwait}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| Javelin throw | Zhang Lianbiao\ | 81.52 | Masami Yoshida\ | 80.44 | Kim Ki-Hoon\ | 76.32 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|South Korea}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
| Decathlon | Gong Guohua\ | 7652 | Cai Min\ | 7573 | Katsuhiko Matsuda\ | 7364 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+------------+
- Some English-language sources, such as GBR Athletics, erroneously state that Kim Bok-joo was 1991 Asian Championships runner-up in the men\'s 1500 m. Contemporary English and Korean sources indicate it was his similarly-named teammate Kim Bong-yu who achieved these feats.
| 873 |
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| 0 |
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# 1991 Asian Athletics Championships
## Medal summary {#medal_summary}
### Women
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 100 metres\ | Tian Yumei\ | 11.54 | Pei Fang\ | 11.62 | Wang Huei-Chen\ | 11.69 |
| (wind: -2.1 m/s) | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Chinese Taipei}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 200 metres\ | Chen Zhaojing\ | 23.39 | Wang Huei-Chen\ | 23.44 | Xiao Yehua\ | 23.48 |
| (wind: -2.0 m/s) | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Chinese Taipei}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 400 metres | Shiny Wilson\ | 53.46 | Josephine Mary Singarayar\ | 53.50 | Kalawati \"Kutty\" Saramma\ | 53.51 |
| | `{{flagu|India}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Malaysia}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|India}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 800 metres | Qu Yunxia\ | 2:04.65 | Shiny Wilson\ | 2:05.18 | Yumiko Tokuda\ | 2:05.48 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|India}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 1500 metres | Qu Yunxia\ | 4:26.01 | Khin Khin Htwe\ | 4:26.08 | Kim Song-Hwa\ | 4:27.15 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Myanmar|1974}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|North Korea}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 3000 metres | Zhong Huandi\ | 9:10.27 | Molly Chacko\ | 9:14.07 | Khin Khin Htwe\ | 9:19.36 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|India}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Myanmar|1974}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 10,000 metres | Zhong Huandi\ | 33:42.77 | Lukose Leelamma\ | 35:38.90 | Marija Suryati\ | 38:00.33 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|India}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Indonesia}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 100 metres hurdles\ | Zhang Yu\ | 13.37 | Naomi Jojima\ | 13.63 | Kim Sun-Jin\ | 13.77 |
| (wind: +0.5 m/s) | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|South Korea}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 400 metres hurdles | Huang Yanhong\ | 57.29 | Reawadee Srithoa\ | 57.35 | Junko Hasegawa\ | 59.37 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Thailand}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 4 × 100 metres relay | \ | 43.41 `{{AthAbbr|CR|Asian Athletics Championships}}`{=mediawiki} | \ | 44.86 | \ | 45.25 |
| | Pei Fang\ | | Wanna Popirom\ | | Kaori Yoshida\ | |
| | Tian Yumei\ | | Reawadee Watanasin\ | | Kazue Kakinuma\ | |
| | Chen Zhaojing\ | | Ratjai Sripet\ | | Toshie Kitada\ | |
| | Xiao Yehua | | Pronpim Srisurat | | Ayako Nomura | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 4 × 400 metres relay | \ | 3:33.50 | \ | 3:36.71 | \ | 3:37.52 |
| | Shiny Abraham-Wilson\ | | Chen Zhaojing\ | | Noodang Phimphoo\ | |
| | Dhana Laksmi\ | | Huang Yanhong\ | | Sukanya Sang-nguen\ | |
| | Kutty Saramma\ | | Qu Yunxia\ | | Saleerat Srimek\ | |
| | Ashwini Nachappa | | Pei Fang | | Reawadee Srithoa | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| 10,000 metre track walk | Li Jingxue\ | 49:14.82 | Tomoko Uchida\ | 49:40.18 | Ma Kyin Lwan\ | 51:27.72 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Myanmar|1974}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| High jump | Yoko Ota\ | 1.83 | Lin Suh-Chi\ | 1.83 | Jaruwan Jenjudkarn\ | 1.80 |
| | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Chinese Taipei}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Thailand}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| Long jump | Li Yong-Ae\ | 6.79 (NR) | Liu Shuzhen\ | 6.66 | Hiroko Okumura\ | 6.29 |
| | `{{flag|North Korea}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| Shot put | Huang Zhihong\ | 17.51 | Min Chunfeng\ | 16.91 | Aya Suzuki\ | 15.22 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flagu|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| Discus throw | Min Chunfeng\ | 61.74 | Aye Aye Nwe\ | 48.48 | Chu Hsui-Chen\ | 43.80 |
| | `{{flagu|China}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Myanmar|1974}}`{=mediawiki} | | `{{flag|Chinese Taipei}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------+----------+
| Javelin throw | Xu Demei\ | 59.84 | Lee Young-Sun\ | 55.06 | Vijita P. Amarasekara\ | 50
| 647 |
1991 Asian Athletics Championships
| 1 |
9,993,901 |
# Adikia
In Greek mythology, **Adicia** or **Adikia** (*Ἀδικία}}*) was the goddess and personification of injustice and wrong-doing.
## Representation
An image of Dike, the goddess of justice, overcoming Adikia appears in two archaic vase paintings. The scene was also shown on the chest of Cypselus, in which Adikia was portrayed as a hideous, barbaric woman covered in tattoos being dragged by Dike with one hand, while in the other she held a staff which she beat her with or she is depicted being throttled by Dike.
> A beautiful woman is punishing an ugly one, choking her with one hand and with the other striking her with a staff. It is Justice (Dike) who thus treats Injustice (Adikia).
## Literature
She likely appeared in the now-lost Orphic Rhapsodies (a theogony attributed to Orpheus), in which she seems to have been the antithesis of Dike
| 145 |
Adikia
| 0 |
9,993,911 |
# Plasmodium coggeshalli
***Plasmodium coggeshalli*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Haemamoeba*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. coggeshalli* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
## Taxonomy
The type specimen had been originally classified as *Plasmodium lophurae* but was described as a new species by Gres and Landau in 1997 based on morphology of the parasite and host cell
| 68 |
Plasmodium coggeshalli
| 0 |
9,993,933 |
# Plasmodium papernai
***Plasmodium papernai*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Novyella*. As in all *Plasmodium* species, *P. papernai* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
## Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Grès and Landau in 1997
| 48 |
Plasmodium papernai
| 0 |
9,993,947 |
# Breaking Me Down
\"**Breaking Me Down**\" is a song by British singer Maria Lawson. It was released as a digital download on 6 September 2008 and released as a CD single on 8 September 2008.
## Background
The B-side of the single is an acoustic version of \"Sign Your Name\", originally by Terence Trent D\'arby. The song reached number 11 on the UK Indie Singles Chart. Lawson performed the song on 27 July 2008 at Party in the Park in Leeds and appeared on GMTV to promote the single.
## Track listings {#track_listings}
1. \"Breaking Me Down\" (3:34)
2
| 100 |
Breaking Me Down
| 0 |
9,993,965 |
# Leaf litter sieve
A **leaf litter sieve** is a piece of equipment used by entomologists, in particular by coleopterists (beetle collectors) (Cooter 1991, page 7) as an aid to finding invertebrates in leaf litter.
A typical leaf litter sieve consists of a gauze with holes of approximately 5 to 10 mm width. The entomologist places handfuls of leaf litter into the sieve, which is placed above a white sheet or tray. The sieve is shaken, and insects are separated from the leaf litter and fall out for inspection. Charles Valentine Riley details use of a simple sieve with a cloth bag. A more complex combination sieve is described by Hongfu
| 111 |
Leaf litter sieve
| 0 |
9,993,990 |
# Antischism
**Antischism** was an American crust punk band formed in 1988 in Columbia, South Carolina. Antischism broke up and then reformed in Austin, Texas, as Initial State. After Initial State\'s breakup in 1994, Byrd and Mueller went on to play in `{{proper name|.Fuckingcom}}`{=mediawiki}, with Byrd also starting Guyana Punch Line and eventually Thank God. Cooper moved to Savannah, Georgia, and played in Damad (now Kylesa), In/Humanity, Karst, and Chronicle A/D
| 71 |
Antischism
| 0 |
9,994,002 |
# Sandra Magsamen
**Sandra Magsamen** is an American author, artist, art therapist, and designer. She has published over 60 children\'s books with publishers Scholastic, Sourcebooks and Little Brown and has worked with national department stores, mid-tier, specialty and mass market through her national lifestyle brands From the Studio of Sandra Magsamen, Messages from the Heart, Wishes & Kisses and Treasured to design custom collections. Magsamen has proudly partnered with retailers such as Walmart, JCPenney, Hallmark, Studio-e-fabrics, Bamboozle Homewares and 1-800-Flowers.
## Background
Sandra Lee Magsamen was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Magsamen\'s maternal great-grandfather and great-uncle, William Fuld and Isaac Fuld, were early 1900s inventors who devised the Ouija board. Sandra has four sisters, one of whom is her twin, the scholar and author, Susan Huganir Magsamen. She received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the Swain School of Design in New Bedford, Massachusetts in 1981 and a Master\'s in Art Therapy from Goucher College in 1984. Magsamen first became interested in the arts and the interaction of art, creativity, health and well-being in as a child when she was severely injured in a farming accident and spent a year in home and hospital school where she spent her days painting and drawing. Magsamen is married to painter [Mark Barry](http://markbarry.blogspot.com/). Together, they have one daughter, Hannah.
## Publishing
Magsamen is a best-selling and award-winning author of over 60 adult and children\'s books and has sold over 5 million copies to date. Her children\'s books consistently rank as best-sellers at Barnes & Noble, Target, Amazon and Walmart and are additionally sold nationally at wholesale clubs, specialty markets, independent booksellers and online retailers. Magsamen\'s work with publishers Scholastic and Sourcebooks have made her well known. Notable titles include: "Welcome Little One", "You!" and "I Love You Honey Bunny".
| 296 |
Sandra Magsamen
| 0 |
9,994,002 |
# Sandra Magsamen
## Career
In 1987, Magsamen began creating her own art in her kitchen to commemorate the varied experiences and inspirations embedded in everyday life. She created a collection of pottery for her newborn daughter as a gift of life lessons. This gift became the essence of her life work.
In response to a growing demand for her handmade originals, Magsamen founded Table Tiles, Inc., her handmade gift company in 1991, which, in less than a decade, expanded into a multi-million dollar gift business.
In 1997, she began licensing her work. Since then, she has designed successful collections for national department stores, mid-tier, specialty and mass market through her national lifestyle brands From the Studio of Sandra Magsamen, Messages from the Heart, Wishes & Kisses and Treasured.
In 2003, Magsamen\'s book "The Gift" (published by Glitterati Books) was selected as the inspiration for Saks 5th Avenue\'s annual Christmas window display. In partnership with Save The Music. The display shared the story of "The Gift" with the help of A-list musicians like Beyonce, Sheryl Crow, Darius Rucker, B.B. King, Gloria Estefan, Ashanti and Jewel.
Beginning in 2013, Magsamen began a partnership with online retailer 1-800-Flowers to design exclusive collections for their customers. Magsamen has said of the collaboration, \"1-800-Flowers wants to help connect people and so do I, so our partnership is one of deep understanding and shared commitment.\".
In 2015, Magsamen began a partnership with Studio E Fabrics and, through this partnership, has created over 30 "sew your own" fabric book kits. Also in 2015, Magsamen began working with Bamboozle Homewares to create a line of sustainable dinnerware for children made from 100% recycled bamboo fibers.
In 2017, Magsamen partnered with Chick-fil-a to design a signature collection of children\'s board books for the Chick-fil-a Kid\'s Meal program.
## In the media {#in_the_media}
Magsamen has been featured on The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch, In Style Magazine, O Magazine, Women\'s Wear Daily, In Touch, Us Weekly, The Baltimore Sun Publishers Weekly, WYPR\'s Midday with Tom Hall, The Children\'s Book Review and Life & Style.
She is a featured columnist on Oprah.com with 200+ articles.
Magsamen\'s signature lifestyle book, Living Artfully, which was accompanied by the television special, \"Living Artfully with Sandra Magsamen,\" premiered on PBS stations nationwide in December 2006.(PBS) published by Free Press.
In 2007, Magsamen designed the decorations and guest gift baskets for the baby shower of Tori Spelling and Dean McDermott using her "Messages From the Heart" baby collection with JCPenney.
Magsamen appeared on a 2014 episode of the OWN Show (the Oprah Winfrey YouTube Channel) to share creative gifting ideas
| 435 |
Sandra Magsamen
| 1 |
9,994,005 |
# Samuel Tweedy
**Samuel Tweedy** (March 8, 1776 -- July 1, 1868) was a United States representative from Connecticut.
Born at Nine Partners, New York in 1776, he later moved to Danbury, Connecticut. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1818, 1820, and 1824 and also served in the Connecticut Senate 1826--1828.
Tweedy held many local offices before being elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833 -- March 3, 1835). He died in Danbury, Connecticut, aged 92. He was buried in Wooster Cemetery
| 91 |
Samuel Tweedy
| 0 |
9,994,007 |
# Heinrich Neumann von Héthárs
**Heinrich Neumann Ritter von Héthárs** (10 June 1873, in Héthárs (Lipany), then Hungary, now Slovakia -- 6 November 1939, in New York City) was the foremost ear-nose-and-throat doctor in Vienna before World War II. In 1938 he transmitted to the Evian Conference the infamous offer by the German government to sell the Austrian Jews at a price of \$250 per capita to any foreign country that would accept them and pay. This offer - and the Conference delegates\' refusal to accept it - is the focal point of Hans Habe\'s novel *The Mission* (1965).
## Life
Heinrich Neumann studied at the University of Vienna, finishing with a doctorate in 1898. Already whilst a student he concerned himself with work on the normal and pathological anatomy of the ear in Anton Weichselbaum's institute. He subsequently worked in Adam Politzer\'s private laboratory, and in 1900 he entered the university ear clinic, becoming assistant in 1903. In 1911 he became titular professor of otology. From 1910 on he was the ear surgeon at the Spital der Kaufmannschaft (Merchants\' Hospital), and from 1912 on head of the otology department of the Franz-Josef-Ambulatorium. In 1919 he became professor extraordinary and head of the university clinic for diseases of the ear, nose and larynx, succeeding Viktor Urbantschitsch. Neumann was known as the King\'s Doctor. Years prior to the Anschluss, in 1935, he was contacted by Nazi Party doctors about a larynx problem that Adolf Hitler was suffering from. Prof. Dr. von Neumann, as he was by then known, refused to consider Hitler\'s case, explaining in his reply, that if the operation failed, it \"might be construed as being connected with the fact that he is a Jew.\" Neumann was also sought by Galeazzo Ciano, Mussolini\'s son-in-law and Italy\'s then Foreign Minister. After the Anschluss, Neumann was imprisoned for being a Jew.
He was married once in 1912 to Melitta von Neumann née Koppel. They had three children, Lisa Rosenblatt, Murli von Neumann and Johnny von Neumann (not to be confused with John von Neumann the mathematician), who became a well-known racing driver and entrepreneur.
## Work
Neumann was particularly recognized for his works on painless operations on bone without anaesthetics, on the clinics and pathology of intracranial complications of infections of the middle ear, equilibrium, and otosclerosis. Neumann devised a new and life-saving operation for opening the labyrinth, a technique that has later been general practice. Named after him is Neumann\'s Method which is a manner to apply local anaesthesia of the middle ear and the mastoid process by a procaine-adrenaline injection on the surface of the mastoid process along the connection of the inner and outer ear and under the periost of the auditory meatus
| 455 |
Heinrich Neumann von Héthárs
| 0 |
9,994,014 |
# Blum (film)
***Blum*** is a 1970 Argentine film directed by Julio Porter
| 13 |
Blum (film)
| 0 |
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